Variable-flux permanent-magnet synchronous machines have gained a lot of attention for their ability to expand the speed range and reduce loss over an electric vehicle drive circle by manipulating magnetization state (MS) dynamically. In this paper, a combined-magnet-pole variable-flux machine (CMP-VFM) using both AlNiCo and NdFeB is analyzed. To obtain the variation laws of MS quickly and precisely, a 3-D neural-network hysteresis model of AlNiCo is proposed, and the accuracy and time consumption of the proposed neural-network hysteresis model are evaluated. In order to optimally utilize the speed expansion and loss minimization capability with precise MS control, a flux observer based on model reference adaptive theory is proposed for the closed-loop flux control of CMP-VFM and validated by simulations. The simulation results prove that the accuracy of the proposed adaptive flux observer is almost not affected by parameter disturbance.


This book describes who American skinheads are, how they have developed within larger youth group scenes, their ideas and activities, the role of music in their formation and development, how they have been perceived by the media in America, and what damage they have done in American society. Jack B. Moore focuses on the cultural history of this group in America during the 1980s and suggests that while they were originally a minor distraction on the punk scene, they have grown into a dangerous and far more politically engaged source of hate thought and crime.


Mast cells are known to accumulate in tissue during allergic inflammation. However, the chemotaxins responsible are undefined. Using a modified Boyden chamber and Ihe human mast‐cell line HMC‐1, we first identified mast‐cell chemotactic activity in nasal lavage fluid collected before the pollen season after allergen provocation of allergic patients (N=29) (mean migratory response compared to medium control was 121%, range 85‐198%). Mast‐cell chemotactic activity was also detected in lavage fluid collected after allergen provocation at the end of a Swedish birch‐pollen season from three different treatment groups: topical steroid treatment with budesonide; the topical antihistamine, levocabastine; and placebo. There was no significant difference in mast‐cell chemotactic activity between nasal lavage fluid collected from the placebo group (mean = 102%), the budesonide‐treated group (mean = 1l4%), or the levocabastine group (mean = 125%). Stem cell factor (SCF), a known mast‐cell chemotaxin, was present in the nasal lavage fluids from all three groups, and correlated with the mast‐cell chemotactic activity (r = 0.67, P < 0.0l). TTie mast‐eell chemotactic activity was inhibited (range 5‐tOO%) in some, but not all, nasal lavage fluids by a polyclonal antibody directed against SCF. This report describes the presence of mast‐cell chemotactic activity in nasal lavage fluid during an allergic reaction. These findings show that SCF may play a pivotal role in the recruitment of mast cells in allergic rhinitis.


Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (method A and B) were developed for the determination of Famciclovir (FCV) either in raw material or in pharmaceutical formulations. Method A is based on the formation of orange yellow colored chromogen due to the diazotization reaction of FCV with nitrous acid. The orange yellow colored chromogen complex absorbs at λmax 460 nm. Method B is based on reaction of FCV with paradimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (PDAC) resulting in the formation of yellow colored species having absorption maxima at 390 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 4 – 20 μg/ml for both method A and B. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the assay of FCV in pharmaceutical preparations with recoveries varying from 99.91 to 100.26% (method A) and 99.31 to 100.84% (method B), with relative standard deviation of 1.604% and 0.90% for method A and B respectively. No significant interference was observed from the excipients commonly used as pharmaceutical aids with the assay procedure.


This study examines the difference in the simultaneous impact of Cash Flow from Operating Activities (CFO), Cash Flow from Investing Activities (CFI), and Cash Flow from Financing Activities (CFF) on Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) between Indonesian and Malaysian commercial banks. By considering the comparability of capital performance post-financial crisis of 2007 to 2008, this study adopted the purposive secondary data published by the big five banks from 2009 to 2013. An E-view statistical software was applied to the panel data to provide coefficients of discrete multivariate regressions between countries and a hypothesis test. The results showed that all Indonesian banks' CF items negatively correlated with the CAR. Similar correlations also occur for both CFO and CFF on CAR of Malaysian commercial banks, but on the other hand, a positive correlation occurs in the CFI and CAR relationship for Malaysian Commercial banks. Based on a Chow test on the regression outputs, this study concludes that the CFI is the distinguishing factor in the CF's impact on CAR in the comparison scenario. The finding confirms that Malaysian commercial banks enjoy the Cash Flow stemming from the gains of past investing activities to increase the CAR under study. On the Indonesian side, the negative correlations of CFI, along with CFO and CFF against the CAR alert that refers to the basic CAR formula, the increases in CAR occur concurrently with the annual CFI decreases to spend on investing activities by long term financing. Even though the newest investment contributes to low gains that are inadequate to raise the banks' equity capital over the increase of risk-weighted assets sooner in the short run.


On the basis of 49 phytosociological relevés taken in the area of the eastern edge of the Oder River valley in Owczary and the adjacent areas, four vegetation communities were distinguished. Within the Festuco-Brometea class, two associations occur – Potentillo-Stipetum capillatae and adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati. The phytocoenoses of these syntaxa settle mainly on soils formed from light silty loam and heavy loamy sand of an alkaline reaction, containing CaCO3. Soils formed from loamy sand lying on loam, of an alkaline reaction with calcium carbonate are also settled by patches of the Sileno otitis-Festucetum association from the Koelerio glaucae-corynephoretea canescentis class. It is the plant community of the psammophilous grasslands, related, to a significant extent, to xerothermic grasslands as far as the floristic composition is concerned. Within this community, a typical variant and the one with Stipa capillata were distinguished. The typical community of the psammophilous grasslands is diantho-armerietum elongatae. The phytocoenoses of this association are found on sandy soils of an acid and slightly acid reaction.


Pumpkin seeds contain lignan phytoestrogens, which have the potential to retrieve menopausal syndromes caused by estrogen deficiency. This study aims to determine the estrogenic effects of the extract of pumpkin seeds (EPS). In vitro experiment was performed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on CHO‐K1 cells. In vivo experiments were conducted using 24 of 7‐weeks‐old female Sprague Dawley rats, divided into four treatment groups (ovariectomized [OVX], ovariectomized for treatment with 2‐μM 17β‐estradiol, ovariectomized for treatment with 500 mg/kg BW EPS, and ovariectomized for treatment with 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW) EPS) and two baseline groups (OVX and sham). Uterine weight, mammary glands, serum lipid, and bone density were observed after 30 days. In silico experiment was conducted through molecular docking of secoisolariciresinol and lariciresinol to the estrogen receptors (ERs). EPS exhibited a biphasic effect, inducing cell growth at 10–100 μg/mL and decreasing cell viability at 250–1000 μg/mL. EPS 1000 mg/kg BW improved uterine weight and retrieved mammary glands comparable with 17β‐estradiol. Meanwhile, EPS 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW increased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), decreased low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and recovered bone density in correlation with the decreasing osteoclasts and increasing osteoblasts. The docking score of secoisolariciresinol with ERα and ERβ were −91.13 and −95.87, respectively, and lariciresinol were −80.91 and −90.29, respectively. These results demonstrated that EPS performs estrogenic properties in rats model and potential to overcome symptoms caused by estrogen deficiency.


In a number of epithelia, overall electrolyte absorption and secretion are highly regulated (8, 25, 66). The absorptive and secretory states are character ized by the movement of fluids and electrolytes toward the serosa or toward the lumen, respectively. Although most epithelia are not thought of primarily as secretory, secretion plays a critical role in the normal functioning of epithelia and in the pathophysiology of disease affecting such physiologically distinct tissues as large airways, sweat gland, pancreas, and intestinal tract. Transport processes involved in secretion and absorption are regulated short term by neurohormones, mediators, and local hormones, or long-term by steroid hormones, such as mineralocorticoids (25). This discussion focuses on short-term regulatory agents and looks specifically at second messenger systems that regulate CIsecretion in epithelia affected by the genetic disease Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and by secretory diarrhea. Recent excellent reviews provide details on trachea (99) and intestine (8, 25); hence, in this article, current reports on epithelial Cltransport regulation are reviewed.


Oath-taking is an integral part of my professional life; oaths are used almost as a tool
of trade, and are accepted as guarantees of truth. Whilst there is now a statutory right
to affirm, instead of to swear, an affirmation itself constitutes a formula, an
asseveration to tell the truth. Zeeman J, in the case of R v Mansell decided in 1993,
declined to accept evidence on oath from a child aged twelve years because he held
inter alia that the child "[had] no notion of the nature or obligation of an oath in the
sense that he [had] no understanding of what it is to swear to tell the truth or
promising God to tell the truth and has no expectation that God will reward or punish
in this world or the next".(1) Whilst His Honour's decision was overturned on appeal,
the case demonstrates that oath-taking is fundamental to our legal system and its
function in society. It is not only oaths in court proceedings though which are still the
subject of debate; oaths of allegiance are also under scrutiny in the context of the so-called
Republican debate in this country.


The invention, Thermosetting resin, a uniform adhesive matrix containing a thermoplastic resin and its curing agent; And Comprises a filler dispersed in the adhesive matrix, said filler comprises a domain for receiving the mineral and the inorganic substance, wherein the domains are substantially aligned to extend in the alignment direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the adhesive film in that it comprises an elastomer which is characterized, the invention relates to an adhesive film having a first and a second major surface. The adhesive film without causing a decrease in the adhesive force generated when the addition of a large amount of filler, and provides a superior thermal expansion coefficient and elastic modulus properties. The thermosetting adhesive film, adhesive structures, PCB, coefficient of thermal expansion, elastic modulus


In order to fully describe Xiang dialect,new corpus is provided,and Niangxi dialect of Xinshao County,12 kilometers from Shaoyang City of Hunan is investigated,illustrating the language description of the dialect from the three levels of phonics,morphology and syntax,in order to provide a more comprehensive phonetic corpus of Niangxi dialect and to have the full view of its features.


This paper presents an efficient metaheuristic approach for optimizing the generalized ratio problems such as the sum and multiplicative of linear or nonlinear ratio objective function with affine constraints. This paper focuses on the significance of hybrid techniques, which are implemented by using GA and ER-WCA to increase efficiency and robustness for solving linear and nonlinear generalized ratio problems. Initially, GA starts with an initial random population and it is processed by genetic operators. ER-WCA will observe and preserve the GAs fittest chromosome in each cycle and every generation. This Genetic ER-WCA algorithm is provided with better optimal solutions while solving constrained ratio optimization problems. Also, the effectiveness of the proposed genetic ER-WCA algorithm is analyzed while solving the large scale ratio problems. The results and performance of the proposed algorithm ensures a strong optimization and improves the exploitative process when compared to the other existing metaheuristic techniques. Numerical problems and applications are used to test the performance of the convergence and the accuracy of the approached method. The behavior of this Genetic ER-WCA algorithm is compared with those of evolutionary algorithms namely Neural Network Algorithm, Grey Wolf Optimization, Evaporation Rate - Water Cycle Algorithm, Water Cycle Algorithm, Firefly algorithm, Cuckoo search algorithm. The evaluated results show that the proposed algorithm increases the convergence and accuracy more than other existing algorithms.


Abstract. In manufacturing, automotive, and aerospace industries, there is a need for accurately measuring the geometric parameters of surface defects to give an approximate prediction of the remaining life of the part. For this purpose, we describe a multipose measurement system with a combined laser-and-camera sensor to measure surface defects on rotary metal parts accurately. By using the combined sensor and multipose measuring method, the system can accurately measure the defects of the whole surface with time-saving and the dimensions of the defects can be obtained. We mainly focus on system calibration and defect extraction. First, to eliminate strong correlations among all the parameters, kinematic calibration and camera position calibration are accomplished by using a designed compound calibration artifact. Second, a new defect extraction method based on contourlet transform integrating with active contour model is proposed for precisely and rapidly locating defects. Experimental tests were conducted to verify the capability of the developed system in achieving accurate measurement of surface defects on rotary metal parts. The system can measure defects down to ∼6  μm in height/depth and ∼50  μm in lateral dimension.


The Nabeba iron ore deposit is located at the northern part of Congo Craton, Republic of Congo. The ore deposit consists of supergene and hypogene ores, both of which are hosted in the Precambrian Nabeba banded iron formation (BIF). This study focuses on the hypogene iron ore mineralization associated with quartz veins in the Nabeba deposit, for which two hypogene ore stages have been recognized based on geologic and petrographic observations: early-stage high‐grade hematite‐rich ore (HO‐1) and late-stage magnetite‐rich ore (HO‐2). Based on microthermometric measurements and laser Raman spectroscopy of the fluid inclusions, the H2O‐NaCl ± CO2 fluids interacting with the Nabeba BIF at the HO‐1 stage evolve from high‐to‐moderate temperatures (203–405 °C) and contrasting salinities (moderate-to-low: 1–15 wt. % NaCl equiv.; high: 30–35 wt. % NaCl equiv.) to H2O‐NaCl fluids of moderate‐to‐low temperatures (150–290 °C) and salinities (1–11 wt. % NaCl equiv.) for the HO‐2 ore stage. Assuming equilibrium oxygen isotopic exchange between quartz and water, the δ18Ofluid values range from 4.7–8.1‰ for the HO‐1 stage and −2.3‰ to −1.5‰ for the HO‐2 stage. This implies the ore‐forming fluid of initially-mixed metamorphic–magmatic origin, later replenished by seawater and/or meteoric water during the formation of the HO‐2 stage. These mixtures of different fluids, coupled with their interaction with the BIF lithology followed by phase separation, are responsible for the enrichment of hypogene iron ore in the Nabeba deposit.


The estimation of spatial intensity and relative risk are important inference problems in spatial epidemiologic studies. A standard component of data assimilation in these studies is the assignment of a geocode, i.e. point-level spatial coordinates, to the address of each subject in the study population. Unfortunately, when geocoding is performed by the pervasive method of street-segment matching to a georeferenced road file and subsequent interpolation, it is rarely completely successful. Typically, 10% to 30% of the addresses in the study population fail to geocode, potentially leading to a selection bias called geographic bias. Missing-data methods might be considered for dealing with this; however, since there is almost always some geographic information coarser than a point (e.g. a zip code) measured for the observations that fail to geocode, a coarsened-data analysis is more appropriate. This article develops coarsened-data spatial epidemiologic methods for use with incompletely geocoded data, which can reduce or even eliminate geographic bias. In particular, existing completedata methods for estimating intensity and variation in relative risk are modified so as to exploit the coarsened data. Both nonparametric (kernel smoothing) and likelihood-based estimation procedures are considered. The success of these procedures relies on modeling and estimating a function called the geocoding propensity function, to which considerable attention is given. Models based on the degree of rurality are featured, as it is well-known that the propensity of rural addresses to geocode is much lower than for non-rural addresses. Advantages of the coarsened-data analyses are demonstrated empirically.


In 1992, Shelley Saunders provided one of the first overviews on the position of non-adult studies in bioarchaeology. While acknowledging that things had moved on since 1968, when Johnson lamented the almost complete neglect of children in biological studies, she highlighted a number of issues that still required investigation. Now, 25 years later, how far have we come? This chapter provides an overview of the importance, position, challenges and popularity of non-adult studies in bioarchaeology. It extends beyond the original premise of Saunder's (1992; 2000; 2008) reviews on ageing, sexing and growth methods to include the rapidly expanding area of child palaeopathology. New themes, such as concerns about how we define a 'child' and the emerging interest in adolescent skeletons are explored. Throughout, the issue that a child potentially represents a frail non-survivor resonates as we attempt to provide accurate sex and age estimates or understand levels of childhood stress.


A versatile sampling technique is described which permits a more definitive study of ion extraction and plasma sheath formation in discharge plasmas. The ionic species from the plasma are sampled into a quadrupole mass spectrometer through a metal leak arrangement which itself acts as a probe. This behavior is substantiated by sampling probe characteristics, and charge density and electron temperature determinations for a flowing microwave discharge plasma in nitrogen at low pressure.


Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus (1). Recently much attention has been directed toward the use of silymarin in diabetic nephropathy (2). Silymarin possesses antioxidant and antiproteinuric effects in humans and in animal models (2,3). Silymarin seems to have two different effects in diabetic patients (2,3). Firstly control of blood sugar and secondly, silymarin seems to have the ability to ameliorate the diabetic nephropathy, an effect beyond controlling the blood glucose in diabetics (2-4). In diabetic nephropathy, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species and the overproduction of superoxide, initiate the podocyte injury, which is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (2-4). Various studies have shown that silymarin should be a good medication to prevent nephropathy-induced premature death in diabetic patients (2-4). Moreover, it was observed that silymarin had a good protective effect against high glucose-induced podocyte injury too (2-5). Accordingly, to find out the kidney protective properties of silymarin and deferoxamine against iron dextran-induced renal iron deposition in male rats, we also conducted an investigation. We studied rats, which were allocated to six groups and injected iron dextran intraperitoneal for a period of 4 weeks every other day, but at the beginning of the third week, they also were subjected to a 2-week (every other day) treatment with vehicle (group 2, positive control), silymarin (group 3), deferoxamine (group 4), silymarin (group 5) or combination of silymarin and deferoxamine (group 6). In this study, the levels of serum creatinine, iron, ferritin, blood urea nitrogen, and nitrite were determined and the kidneys were removed for histopathological investigations. Silymarin and deferoxamine treatments reduced the intensity of the kidney iron deposition, but only in the silymarin group a significant reduction in kidney iron deposition was observed. We concluded that silymarin is a renoprotective herb against injurious insult of iron deposition in the kidneys of animal models (6). Recently, much attention has been made on the possible kidney protective properties of metformin, too (7-9). To find out the Masoud Amiri1, Parisa Motamedi2, Leila Vakili3, Nahid Dehghani4, Fereshte Kiani5, Zahra Taheri6, Sara Torkamaneh7, Parto Nasri8, Hamid Nasri8*


The D'Aguilar National Park, Brisbane, Australia, is one area that has the potential to experience land-use conflict in the future due to the presence of biodiversity landscape value that needs to be protected and the growth of settlement area within this area. The research using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Geographic Information System (GIS) method to determine the suitability area for a particular purpose has been widely used, yet only limited research has tried to apply it for the conflicting purpose. This paper aims to allocate the location for each residential development and conservation area in the adjoining area of D'Aguilar National Park. This research covers the GIS method in processing the MCDA to develop the model which has many factors to support the decision making, including for the conflicting purpose. Moreover, the method also used GIS-fuzzy MCDA or widely known as GIS-Fuzzy MCDA (GIS-FMCDA). The result of this research shows that allocating the conflicting land area is quite different from the non-conflicting one. Applying MCDA for the conflicting purpose requires different decision-making to show which area would be optimal to allocate.


We previously reported that attachment of atrial myocytes to the extracellular matrix protein laminin (LMN), decreases adenylate cyclase (AC)/cAMP and increases β2‐adrenergic receptor (AR) stimulation of L‐type Ca2+ current (ICa,L). This study therefore sought to determine whether LMN enhances β2‐AR signalling via a cAMP‐independent mechanism, i.e. cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) signalling. Studies were performed on acutely isolated atrial myocytes plated on uncoated coverslips (−LMN) or coverslips coated with LMN (+LMN). As previously reported, 0.1 μm zinterol (zint‐β2‐AR) stimulation of ICa,L was larger in +LMN than −LMN myocytes. In +LMN myocytes, zint‐β2‐AR stimulation of ICa,L was inhibited by inhibition of cPLA2 by arachidonyltrifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3; 10 μm), inhibition of Gi by pertussis toxin and chelation of intracellular Ca2+ by 10 μm BAPTA‐AM. In contrast to zinterol, stimulation of ICa,L by fenoterol (fen‐β2‐AR), a β2‐AR agonist that acts exclusively via Gs signalling, was smaller in +LMN than −LMN myocytes. Arachidonic acid (AA; 5 μm) stimulated ICa,L to a similar extent in −LMN and +LMN myocytes. Inhibition of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) by either 5 μm H−89 or 1 μm KT5720 in −LMN myocytes mimicked the effects of +LMN myocytes to enhance zint‐β2‐AR stimulation of ICa,L, which was blocked by 10 μm AACOCF3. In contrast, H−89 inhibited fen‐β2‐AR stimulation of ICa,L, which was unchanged by AACOCF3. Inhibition of ERK1/2 by 1 μm U0126 inhibited zint‐β2‐AR stimulation of ICa,L in +LMN myocytes and −LMN myocytes in which cAMP/PKA was inhibited by KT5720. In −LMN myocytes, cytochalasin D prevented inhibition of cAMP/PKA from enhancing zint‐β2‐AR stimulation of ICa,L. We conclude that LMN enhances zint‐β2‐AR stimulation of ICa,L via Gi/ERK1/2/cPLA2/AA signalling which is activated by concomitant inhibition of cAMP/PKA signalling and dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. These findings provide new insight into the cellular mechanisms by which the extracellular matrix can remodel β2‐AR signalling in atrial muscle.


We show that the bandwidth of distorted multimode optical fibres excited by quasimonochromatic lasers is equal to the bandwidth of the undistorted fibre divided by the microbending loss measured with l.e.d. sources, to within a numerical factor. This simple result is derived for a slab model, but it may be general.


Three-year-old peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees in a growth room under well-watered conditions were subjected to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels (400-700 nm) of 444, 287, 144, 61, and 19 μmol°s−1m−2. At very low PAR levels (19 and 61 μmol°s−1m−2), the photosynthetic rate (P) declined with increasing temperature. Multiple regression analyses for the 3 highest PAR levels showed that an increase in PAR increased the optimum temperature for both P and stomatal conductance (gs). The highest leaf water potential (ψL) was found at 21°C in all 3 PAR levels. The regression equations also showed that PAR was the main determinant of P and gs, but that temperature was the main determinant of ψL.


It has been suggested that relic long-lived strongly interacting massive particles (SIMPs, or X particles) existed in the early universe. We study effects of such long-lived unstable SIMPs on big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) assuming that such particles existed during the BBN epoch, but then decayed long before they could be detected. The interaction strength between an X particle and a nucleon is assumed to be similar to that between nucleons. We then calculate BBN in the presence of the unstable neutral charged X{sup 0} particles taking into account the capture of X{sup 0} particles by nuclei to form X nuclei. We also study the nuclear reactions and beta decays of X nuclei. We find that SIMPs form bound states with normal nuclei during a relatively early epoch of BBN. This leads to the production of heavy elements which remain attached to them. Constraints on the abundance of X{sup 0} particles during BBN are derived from observationally inferred limits on the primordial light element abundances. Particle models which predict long-lived colored particles with lifetimes longer than {approx}200 s are rejected based upon these constraints.


The Mesozoic acid volcanic rocks of the Zha'ertai area, located in Inner Mongolia, were formed in the late Early Cretaceous and resulted in polymetallic deposits of gold, silver, and other precious metals with huge commercial value. The more developed acid volcanic rocks include subvolcanic and pyroclastic rocks and volcanic lava, with SiO2 of 73.18–83.82%, Na2O + K2O of 6.17–9.03%, and K2O/Na2O of 1.28–70.27%. These rocks are enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements and high‐field strength elements. They are also enriched in light rare earth elements (REEs), with light to heavy REE ratios of 2.91–14.30; light to heavy REE fractionation is significant, and there are obvious negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.02–0.25). The acid volcanic rocks have extremely low TiO2, MgO, P2O5, and TFe2O3 contents, exhibit significant enrichment in Th, U, and Pb, and are strongly depleted in Ba and Sr, showing the trace elements feature of A‐type rhyolite. The rocks have smaller (87Sr/86Sr)i, lower εNd (t), younger TDM2, lower (206Pb/204Pb)i,(207Pb/204Pb)i, and (208Pb/204Pb)i. The acid volcanic rocks differ considerably from the intermediate to basic volcanic rocks in geochemical composition, and there is a compositional hiatus present in the succession. This indicates that neither endmember of these Mesozoic bimodal volcanic rocks is cogenetic and that rhyolitic rocks might not be a product of basaltic magma crystallization differentiation. Instead, they may result from partial melting of crust‐derived rock, stemming from partial melting of rocks in the pre‐existing crust underplated by mantle‐derived magma. This suggests that the acid volcanic rocks were formed in a lithospheric extensional setting during the Early Cretaceous.


The article presents the problems of development and modernization of energy infrastructure priorities in rural areas of the Komi Republic. For the most part of rural population the achieved level of energy supply is the necessary minimum for the needs, and it has the low parameters of the energy and economy efficiency. The main directions of the rural energy supply modernization should be: the gas supply system development, the electric grid capacity growth and the construction of the modern small energy technologies (small central heating and power plants, modular boiler plants, efficient solid fuel boilers).


Cold-rolling workability, heat treatment characteristics and mechanical properties of Mg-5%-22%Li-2%Zn(mass fraction) wrought alloys were studied. Density of alloys is between 1.19 and 1.62 g/cm~3. The limit of reduction for cold rolling of the β phase alloys at 16% and 22%Li exceeds 90% at room temperature. The properties and microstructures of Mg-Li-Zn alloys were studied, which were homogenized, cold rolled, then annealed at different temperatures. Recrystallization behaviors of the alloys were investigated through microstructures observing and hardness measuring. The results show that the cast billets are suitable for rolling after homogenization at 573K for 12 h for Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy and at 523K for 24 h for Mg-9Li-2Zn-2Ca alloy. The cold rolled plates were completely recrystallizated by annealing at 573K for 1 h.


This work deals with the study of an improved thin-layer chromatographic-flame-ionization detection (TLC-FID) system (using the newer configuration of the detector, an automatic sample spotter, and a careful selection of the operating parameters) in the quantitative hydrocarbon group type analysis of a deasphalted heavy oil from petroleum and its derived hydrocracking products. The separation method proposed allows for the detection and quantitation of saturates, alkylaromatics, aromatics, polars, and an uneluted fraction. The repeatability of the experiments has always been better than that of the ASTM D2007 standard for each fraction. It is not affected by application volumes or concentration in the studied ranges. Results from the absolute calibration method and from a variety of the internal normalization procedures are comparable, although the latter is faster and allows a rapid determination of the linear range of the detector. Factors such as eluent development length or application spot size do not influence the FID response of our samples under the studied conditions. Likewise, the behavior of the detector is linear with mass in the range studied for each separated fraction.


: To deal with complex production and poor correlation during the runner system of complex die casting, as well as the random variation and understanding deviation of design information happened in the process of modeling, a method of semantic oriented 3D modeling is proposed, three layer parameters and two semantic mapping mechanism are customed to realize the geometric information and design intention agreement. In addition, the complex runner constituents are distinguished from the structure as well as function and then abstracted into semantic categories with the aid of knowledge in die casting.After that the units are subdivided into several semantic elements according to the design priority level, and then the model base of the overflow semantic model is constructed. Based on the above theory, combine with the expansion of the parametric design technology and make UG/NX as development platform to develop the runner system design. The example analysis shows that this modeling method can make designers edit runner features from semantic layer visual, drive the implementation model by calling the modified interface. It has good accuracy, high efficiency and wide adaptability when deal with complex die casting die design, and also can shorten the development cycle effectively.


Aim: This study was conducted to explain the current situation regarding the assessment of nursing students during their first clinical practice and to determine the views on 360-degree assessment, which is an innovative assessment approach, from a multi-source perspective.
Material and Methods: In this qualitative case study, individual interviews were conducted with nine instructors, focus group interviews were conducted with twenty-three nursing students, and documents were examined. Data were collected between 7 August 2019–22 November 2020. The data were analyzed in line with the descriptive analysis approach.
Results: The findings were examined under two contexts: reflections on the current situation and predictions on 360-degree assessment. In both contexts, they were divided into six main themes.
Conclusion: The most important issues regarding assessment of nursing students during first clinical practice were the high student/instructor ratio and the fact that only instructors are officially assessors. Participants approached positively to the 360-degree assessment, but they also shared some concerns.


The paper suggests a stationary model of the vertical distribution of the concentration of suspended sediment in the bottom layer of a natural water body with a flat bottom. The model explains the concentration distribution, formed jointly by the settling of suspended particles and turbulent diffusion. The flow is assumed geostrophic above the bottom-influenced layer, while in the bottom layer the effect of turbulent diffusion by the large-scale turbulence constituent is assumed to dominate over the diffusion effect caused by the small-scale turbulence constituent. It is shown that for the characteristic diffusion length scale of the eddies much smaller than the height of the Ekman bottom boundary layer the model results in an analytic expression for the vertical distribution of the concentration of suspended sediment, which includes also the case with the presence of the lutocline. The model outcome is compared with the results of a laboratory experiment with sand-injected flume flow.


Consider again the numbers: in the last twenty years the Justice Department's budget grew by 900 percent; over 60 percent of all prisoners are in for non-violent drug crimes; an estimated one-in-three black men between the ages of twenty and twenty-nine are under some type of criminal justice control or sought on a warrant; nationwide some 6.5 million people are in prison, on parole or probation. From the left it is clear that the United States is an over-policed, surveillance society that uses prison as one of its central social institutions. This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website , where most recent articles are published in full. Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


Apoptosis inhibition has been demonstrated as a characteristic of the Non- Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL). The up-regulation of anti- apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins allows the survival of cancer cells. Therefore, the strategy to induce apoptosis by targeting BCL-2 proteins is the base to propose new therapeutic probes for NHL. The aim of this research was to prepare a multimeric and multivalent system of gold nanoparticles (20 nm) conjugated to Anti-CD20 and to evaluate its biological potential to decrease the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein levels. The Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody was conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNP) by means of spontaneous reaction of the thiol groups of cysteine. To obtain AuNP-AntiCD20, the AntiCD20 was added to 1.0 mL of AuNP solution (1 nM) at 18°C with stirring for 10 min. The nanosystem was characterized by TEM, DLS, FT-IR and UV Vis. In vitro studies were carried out in lymphoma cells. The BCL-2 protein concentration was quantified by enzymatic immune assay after treatment with AuNP or AuNP-Anti-CD20 or Anti-CD20 (positive control). TEM and spectroscopic techniques demonstrated that AuNPs were functionalized with Anti-CD20. Raji cells treated with AuNP-Anti- CD20 showed the lower BCL-2 concentration (13.07 ± 0.02ng/mL) with respect to that of incubated with the non-functionalized AuNP (14.45 ± 0.31ng/mL) or AntiCD-20 (19.85 ± 0.63ng/mL), indicating that the multimeric and multivalent Anti-CD20 nanosystem enhanced the BCL-2 concentration reduction with the possible apoptosis increasing. AuNP-Anti-CD20 demonstrates properties suitable for using as a target-specific agent useful for the NHL treatment.


Department of Electrical Eng., Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea(Received 17 November 2015, Received in final form 1 December 2015, Accepted 3 December 2015)This paper introduces a probabilistic analysis method in order to analyze the effect of manufacturing tolerance on induction motorperformance occurring in massive production. The univariate dimension reduction method is adapted to predict probabilisticcharacteristics of a performance function due to certain probabilistic distributions of design variables. Moreover, the sensitivityinformation on mean and variance of the performance function is estimated, and then the effect of randomness of individual designvariables on the probability performance function is analyzed. The effectiveness and accuracy of the method is investigated with amathematical model and an induction motor.Keywords: motor, univariate dimension reduction method, probabilistic performance function, manufacturing tolerance


To reduce the exposure of Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents (GBCAs) in brainstem glioma detection and provide high-resolution contrast information, we propose a novel multi-task generative network for contrast-enhanced T1-weight MR synthesis on brainstem glioma images. The proposed network can simultaneously synthesize the high-resolution contrast-enhanced image and the segmentation mask of brainstem glioma lesions.


A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of several sensor nodes which are severely restricted to energy and memory. Energy is the lifeblood of sensors and thus energy conservation is a critical necessity of WSN. This paper proposes a clustering algorithm namely Energy Efficient Trustworthy Clustering algorithm (EETCA), which focuses on three phases such as chief node election, chief node recycling process and bi-level trust computation. The chief node election is achieved by Dempster-Shafer theory based on trust. In the second phase, the selected chief node is recycled with respect to the current available energy. The final phase is concerned with the computation of bi-level trust, which is triggered for every time interval. This is to check the trustworthiness of the participating nodes. The nodes below the fixed trust threshold are blocked, so as to ensure trustworthiness. The system consumes lesser energy, as all the nodes behave normally and unwanted energy consumption is completely weeded out. The experimental results of EETCA are satisfactory in terms of reduced energy consumption and prolonged lifetime of the network.


Objective To study effects of manganese on count of sperm and expression of proliferation cell nucleus antigen(PCNA)and heat-shock protein 70(HSP70)of testis in mice. Methods The mice were randomly divided into three manganese chloride(MnCl_2)(7.5,15,60mg/kg)groups and control group.Exposed to manganese for 3,7,14,28,56 days,quantity of sperm was counted.The expression of PCNA and HSP70 in testis of mice was analysed by immunohistochemical technique(S-P)and the image analysis. Results The count of sperm and expression of PCNA and HSP70 of testis decreased with the increasing of dose and time exposed to manganese.The count of sperm in three groups MnCl_2 were much lower than those of control group(P0.05,P0.01,P0.01)28 days after exposure,and the expression of PCNA were much lower than those of control groups(P0.05,P0.01,P0.01)14,28,56 days after exposure.The count of sperm and expressions of PCNA of all exposed groups were correlated positively with each other(r=0.794,P0.01).The expression of HSP 70 in testis of 15 and 30mg/kg groups 56 days after exposure were much lower than those of 28 days after exposure(P0.01). Conclusion There are dose-effects and time-effect in the damage of spermatogenic functions in mice exposed to manganese.The count of sperm and expression of PCNA of all exposed groups are correlated positively with each other(r=0.794,P0.01).The increase of HSP70 expression can be induced by Mncl_2 and peaked 28 days after exposure.


The proposal of intertextuality renders a new dimension to translation studies. The author believes that the interrelation between the two includes two aspects:first,a good understanding of the phenomena of interexuality in the source text contributes to a good translation;second, translating in essence is an activity of intertextuality. The relationship between the source text and the target text is that of intertextuality.


The invention relates to a method of operating a motor vehicle, the formed one as a internal combustion engine (6) machine and as an electric machine (4) designed machine, wherein the vehicle is driven with at least one of these machines, both machines (on a common coolant loop 10) are cooled with a cooling agent, the internal combustion engine (6) of the electric machine (4) is connected downstream of said coolant initially to the electric machine (4) and (4) of the electric machine (to the internal combustion engine 6) is conveyed, wherein for the cooling means comprises a first temperature is set, when the motor vehicle only by the internal combustion engine (6) is driven, and being set to a second temperature for the coolant, when the motor vehicle by the electric machine (4) and the internal combustion engine (6) is driven, wherein the second temperature is low it is than the first temperature.


Mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells are pluripotent cells that can be propagated in vitro with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and serum. Intracellular signaling by LIF is principally mediated by activation of STAT‐3, although additional pathways for self‐renewal have been described. Here, we identified a novel role for Insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1) as a critical factor in mES cells self‐renewal and differentiation. IRS‐1 is expressed and tyrosyl phosphorylated during mES cells self‐renewal. Differentiation of mES cells, by LIF withdrawal, is associated with a marked reduction in IRS‐1 expression. Targeting of IRS‐1 by si‐IRS‐1 results in a severe reduction of Oct‐4 protein expression and alkaline phosphatase activity, markers of undifferentiated mES cells. IRS‐1 targeting does not interfere with LIF‐induced STAT‐3 phosphorylation, but negatively affects protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3β) phosphorylation, which are downstream effectors of the LIF‐mediated PI3K signaling cascade. Targeting of IRS‐1 also results in a marked down regulation of Id‐1 and Id‐2 proteins expression, which are important components for self‐renewal of ES cells. Conversely, over expression of IRS‐1 inhibits mES cell differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that expression and activity of IRS‐1 are critical to the maintenance of the self‐renewal program in mES cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 445–453, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This study aimed to the resistant study of Streptococcus thermophilus to the low protein concentration,hydrogen peroxide and antibiotic,as to providing the basis for products development.To evaluate the tolerances of strains in the low protein concentration and hydrogen peroxide,we chose milk with hydrogen peroxide of 9 ppm and protein content of 2.3% as the experimental group,compared to the control group of milk without hydrogen peroxide and the protein content of 2.9%,and tested the differences of fermentation time and texture.To study the resistance to antibiotics of tested strains,five categories of antibiotics (Lincomycin,penicillins,aminoglycosides,fluoroquinolones and others) witha total of eight antibiotics were used in the test.The strains were detected in an disk agar diffusion technique (K-B method),with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 as reference strains.The results showed that the tested strains had a great performance difference in the conditions of low-protein,hydrogen peroxide and antibiotic.There are a few of strains to show good resistance,however,all strains performed sensitive to Lincomycin,penicillins and chloramphenicol.


The paper examines the key management decisions of tax authorities in the control and supervision area and their importance for enhancement of business activities of economic entities. The subject of the research is management decisions of tax authorities in carrying out the program "Reforms of control and supervision activities" and the practice of their implementation. The purpose of the research was to reveal current trends in the control and supervision policy of tax authorities aiming to ensure a business-friendly environment for legal entities and individuals. The research methods included the content analysis of the legal and regulatory framework, the economic and statistical analysis of tax reporting; tabular and graphic data visualization and performance monitoring of tax authorities. Based on the research findings it is stated that the tax authorities are making significant efforts to improve the control and supervision activities, which makes it possible to reduce the administrative burden on the business and raise the quality of services provided to taxpayers. However, there is a number of still existing organizational and legal aspects that do not allow full optimization of the control and supervision functions for ensuring more favorable conditions for doing business in the Russian Federation. There are circumstances that prevent better servicing of taxpayers by the Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service. It is concluded that the criteria for assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of control and supervision activities need to be reviewed and updated.


Subtitle: Development of parking control that is fair and intelligent has become a key issue for the public and transportation professionals. The response from IHT is comprehensive guidelines for developing successful parking strategies written under the guidance of Sheila Holden.


Biochar (BC) and organic fertilizers (OFs) are both organic soil amendments that can be used to improve soil quality, but their effects on soil physicochemical properties and microbial structures may be different. Comparative studies can help us understand the advantages and disadvantages of different types of soils. In the current research, five treatments, including a control group (CK), two concentrations of biochar (2% BC and 4% BC), and two concentrations of organic fertilizer (2% OF and 4% OF) and their effects on soil properties, enzyme activities, and bacterial diversity were evaluated. The BC and OF significantly increased the soil EC, pH, and soil nutrients (p < 0.05). The 2% BC increased the biomass of Pennisetum giganteum by 41.7%. The 4% BC and OF reduced the biomass of P. giganteum. Furthermore, the observed decrease in the P. giganteum yield following the application of the 4% BC can be attributed to reductions in the available phosphorus (AP) and CaCl2-P, as well as alterations in the soil enzyme activity. However, the negative impact of OFs on crop yield may be associated with an increased EC, elevated abundance of soil-borne pathogens, and decreased levels of beneficial microorganisms. In summary, a comparative study of the effects of BC and OF on the growth of P. giganteum in acidic soil is of great significance for improving the soil quality, promoting the development of organic agriculture, protecting the environment, and promoting land reclamation.


1. Intact tomato seedlings and cuttings in a mineral nutrient, kept in darkness during treatment, produced only a small response to the growth substances in 6 days. This was limited to slight enlargement of the cells and an increase in size of nuclei and nucleoli. 2. The reaction was almost completely inhibited when the leaves were removed. 3. Intact and defoliated cuttings cultured in sucrose in darkness produced the complete response obtained in plants in the light. Proliferations and root primordia were formed in abundance. Similar results were obtained with maltose, levulose, glucose, and lactose; mannitol was not effective. 4. Cuttings were left in the dark for 1-6 days before treatment. Those maintained on a sucrose nutrient showed no differences due to pretreatment, but those in the mineral nutrient alone showed progressively less response through the third day and none at all beyond that. 5. Cuttings treated with lanolin paste for 3 days while in the mineral solution were then transferred to the sucrose medium. Six days later, when harvested, the treated regions had proliferated and produced root primordia. The response was not so great, however, as in cuttings cultured in sucrose but not treated until the time the minus-sucrose plants were put into the sugar medium. 6. Bean cuttings in a mineral nutrient in the dark also showed decreased response to the growth substance and complete response when cultured in sucrose. 7. Galactose was toxic to both tomato and bean cuttings. 8. Tomato cuttings in a minus-nitrogen medium responded as vigorously to the growth substances as did those with nitrogen. Nitrogen-deficient plants and cuttings also proliferated and gave rise to root primordia. 9. The most obvious cytological change in response to the growth substances in both the bean and tomato was the great increase in size of the nucleolus. Under conditions of carbohydrate deficiency the nucleolus diminished in size and finally disappeared. No changes occurred in the nucleoli of plants cultured in a sugar medium in the absence of growth substances.


Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has been conducting research for the United States Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy, Biomass Program to investigate the feasibility of producing mixed alcohols from biomass-derived synthesis gas (syngas). This research has involved the screening of potential catalysts, and optimization of the more promising ones, using laboratory scale reactors. During 2009, the main goal of the testing program focused on optimizing selected supported catalysts containing rhodium (Rh) and manganese (Mn). Optimization involved examining different total concentrations and atomic ratios of Rh and Mn as well as that of the more promising promoters (Ir and Li) identified in the earlier screening studies. Evaluation of catalyst performance focused on attaining improvements with respect to the space-time-yield and converted carbon selectivity to C2+ oxygenates, with additional consideration given to the fraction of the oxygenates that were C2+ alcohols.


Warm compaction of DensmixTM powder mixes is an established technique to produce PM parts with uniform densities up to 7,4 g/cm3. This has opened new possibilities for cost efficient production of parts with high requirements on both mechanical strength and dimensional tolerances. This paper will address important properties of DensmixTM powder mixes and how these facilitate efficient and robust production of PM parts. Powder properties at elevated temperature, density levels, lubrication performance and mechanical properties will be described, together with process capability studies from simulation of full-scale production of PM components.


Under growing public and government pressure, the television networks have adopted warning labels for violent programs. Tainted fruit theory posits that warning labels will decrease interest in violent programs, whereas forbidden fruit theory posits that warning labels will increase interest in violent programs. In Experiment 1, it was found that warning labels increased interest in violent programs, especially when the label source was authoritative. In Experiment 2, it was found that high-reactance individuals were especially interested in viewing violent programs with warning labels. In Experiment 3, it was found that warning labels increased interest in violent programs more than did information labels. These results are consistent with forbidden fruit theory. Those who are interested in reducing viewership of violent media might use these results as a caution against assuming that warning labels decrease viewership when warning labels may in fact increase viewership.


Abstract Soil erosion is an inevitable geomorphic process that aids in evaluating and analyzing the erosive and hydrological status of the watershed. The present investigation focuses on the qualitative evaluation of the hydrologic and erosive status of eighteen watersheds (area > 10 km2) of south Andaman using drainage morphometric studies. The objective of the present study was addressed with the aid of GIS and remote techniques. The results suggest that four watersheds such as Burmanallah, Carbyn, Burataga, and Dhania showed low levels of soil erosion. Whereas, seven watersheds via., Putatang, Colinpur, Jirkatang I, Dhanikhari, Jarawa I, Jarawa III, and Tirur exhibited high levels of soil erosion. The rest of the seven watersheds via., Bhagoda, Bilap, Bill, Jirkatang II, Jarawa II, Jarawa IV, and Mannarghat were prone to moderate levels of soil erosion. Further, the findings from forty years' time series climate-water balance modelling reaffirm that more than 60% of rainfall divulges into the adjacent seas as surface runoff. Thus, the copious amount of fresh water and loads of nutrient-rich fluvial influx at the shallow depths of coastal frontiers aid the mangrove to respond.


We hypothesized that 4 weeks of recombinant human erythropoietin (RhEPO) treatment would result in a significant increase in haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) and arterial blood O2‐carrying capacity and that this would (1) increase peak pulmonary oxygen uptake during ramp incremental exercise, and (2) speed kinetics during 'severe'‐, but not 'moderate'‐ or 'heavy'‐intensity, step exercise. Fifteen subjects (mean ±s.d. age 25 ± 4 years) were randomly assigned to either an experimental group which received a weekly subcutaneous injection of RhEPO (150 IU kg−1; n= 8), or a control group (CON) which received a weekly subcutaneous injection of sterile saline (10 ml; n= 7) as a placebo, for four weeks. The subjects and the principal researchers were both blind with respect to the group assignment. Before and after the intervention period, all subjects completed a ramp test for determination of the gas exchange threshold (GET) and , and a number of identical 'step' transitions from 'unloaded' cycling to work rates requiring 80% GET (moderate), 70% of the difference between the GET and (heavy), and 105% (severe) as determined from the initial ramp test. Pulmonary gas exchange was measured breath‐by‐breath. There were no significant differences between the RhEPO and CON groups for any of the measurements of interest ([Hb], kinetics) before the intervention. Four weeks of RhEPO treatment resulted in a 7% increase both in [Hb] (from 15.8 ± 1.0 to 16.9 ± 0.7 g dl−1; P < 0.01) and (from 47.5 ± 4.2 to 50.8 ± 10.7 ml kg−1·min−1; P < 0.05), with no significant change in CON. RhEPO had no significant effect on kinetics for moderate (Phase II time constant, from 28 ± 8 to 28 ± 7 s), heavy (from 37 ± 12 to 35 ± 11 s), or severe (from 33 ± 15 to 35 ± 15 s) step exercise. Our results indicate that enhancing blood O2‐carrying capacity and thus the potential for muscle O2 delivery with RhEPO treatment enhanced the peak but did not influence kinetics, suggesting that the latter is principally regulated by intracellular (metabolic) factors, even during exercise where the requirement is greater than the , at least in young subjects performing upright cycle exercise.


Internet of Things (IoT) devices have become ubiquitous due to the prevalence of the Internet. However, the open nature of wireless networks makes them susceptible to spoofing attacks. Moreover, their heterogeneous characteristics create authentication challenges which are increasing due to the tremendous growth in the number and variety of devices. Physical-layer authentication (PLA) provides a solution by utilizing the unique characteristics of wireless channels to aid upper layer authentication (ULA). In this article, an adaptive PLA scheme is proposed which exploits the antenna diversity inherent in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. This scheme employs a one-class classification support vector machine (OCC-SVM) with the magnitude and real and imaginary parts of the received signals as features. Results are presented which show that this scheme provides robust authentication. The authentication performance is evaluated considering two majority voting schemes for IoT applications.


After three years of highly charged and sometimes acrimonious debate, the Higher Education Legislation Amendment (Student Services and Amenities) Bill 2010 finally passed through the Senate in early October 2011.


This paper aims at a deeper understanding of microplastic mechanisms leading to crack initiation in ductile metals in Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF). Fatigue tests were conducted using an ultrasonic technique at loading frequency of 20 kHz. The microplastic mechanisms are revealed via observations of slip markings at the specimen surface and self-heating measurements due to intrinsic dissipation. Pure copper and Armco iron (which contains a very low amount of carbon) were investigated. Both are single-phase ductile materials but the crystallographic structure of copper is face-centered cubic while it is body centered cubic for Armco iron. A good correlation was found between slip markings initiation and dissipation for both materials. The dissipation for both materials is of the same order of magnitude but the location, the morphology and the evolution over cycles of slip markings were found different.


The title compound crystallizes in space group P 21/c of the monoclinic system in a cell of dimensions: a = 9.231(2), b = 15.931(2), c = 12.420(2) A, β = 108.37(1)°. The observed density is 1.60 g/cm3 and the density calculated for four molecules in the cell is 1.58 g/cm3. The refinement converged with R = 0.029 and Rw = 0.028 based on 2569 reflections with I > 2.5 σ. The molecule has approximate Cs symmetry with a mirror plane roughly containing the central Mo atom and two cis-carbonyls, C(1)O(1) and C(4)O(4), while bisecting the bidentate, H2CPz2, and two trans-carbonyls. The four carbonyls and tine bidentate adopt a quasi-octahedral arrangement around the Mo atom. The C(NN)2Mo linkage of the (H2CPz′2)Mo fragment is observed to be in the boat form. The two cis-carbonyls are bent away by the bulky H2CPz′2 bidentate giving ∠C(1)-Mo-C(4) ≃ 167.3(1)°. The distortion explains the facile allyl bromination and decarbonylation observed for the title compound.


Impulse responses of force transducers are measured. An object levitated with sufficiently small friction using a pneumatic linear bearing is made to collide with a force transducer under test. The inertial force acting on the object is measured as the product of the mass and the acceleration. The acceleration of the object is measured using an optical interferometer. The output signal of the force transducer and the inertial force acting on the levitated object are then compared. Impulses with a maximum value of approximately 80–90 N with a half value width of approximately 5–19 ms have been applied to two different types of force transducers. The inertial force is measured with standard uncertainty of approximately 0.9 N, which corresponds to approximately 1% of the maximum applied impulse.


The separation axioms play an important role in the application of topological spaces. The concepts of T S -spaces and pairwise T S -spaces are introduced and studied by Chandrasekhara Rao and Narasimhan (2006). The aim of this study is to continue the study of some characterizations of TS-spaces and pairwise TS- spaces in topological and bitopological spaces.


Any visual communication system is basically composed of image input and output devices, and the resolution capability of each device plays an important role to the visual feature of an image. One of the major problems is the difference of the resolution, not only the spatial resolution (SR, number of pixels), but the amplitude resolution (AR, number of gray levels), between the image devices, which usually causes the image degradation. To preserve the quality of images, a proper conversion of the resolution corresponding to a type of the resolution difference is necessary. A new conversion method of SR and AR has been proposed which considers the impulse response of image devices. It is based on the principle that pixel information includes both spatial and amplitude information, and derived from the impulse response of image devices. The conversion type of higher output SR but lower output AR was previously proposed. In this paper, we consider the conversion type of lower output SR but higher output AR, which has the possibility of resolution trade-off.


The yawning detection system is to detect drowsiness among the students in the classroom. The detection system can detect sleeping individuals by using a web camera to obtain real-time continuous images. In the classroom for the students the camera is positioned directly towards them. alert signal will be triggered when the system detects fatigue among the students. The developed system has detects the eye, opening and closing conditions. The captured image is binaries to find the edges of the facial landmarks of the students.  It  varies the condition of eye the distance between two consecutive dips of the light intensity


Fetal neural tissue was transplanted into suction lesions of the left brachium and pretectal region in young rats. Tectal tissue was grafted into 6–18‐day‐old rats and cortical tissue was transplanted into 17–20‐day‐old animals. The aim was to determine whether grafts could potentiate the regrowth of damaged retinal axons and, as a consequence, stimulate the axons to reenter their host target, the superior colliculus (SC).


In this paper, we describe key design aspects of digital ecosystems and how these can be realised in a web-like environment. In previous work we have discussed digital ecosystems in terms of digital infrastructures and the socio-economic context in which these are called to operate. We have framed the concept of a digital ecosystem around complex interactions between interdependent agents and have focused the discussion on important properties such as loose-coupling, no central point of control or failure, sustainability, resilience, and history. In this paper we describe an integrated set of design solutions for operationalising the key principles of digital ecosystems into a software infrastructure. The proposed reference architecture drives the construction of RESTful ecosystems that can support future internet applications, and do this in a way that is backwards compatible with the current web.


Objectives : In this study, we intended to make the foundation of the development of acupuncture tissue model as comparing the needle sensation of six kinds of tissue models and Zusanli (ST36) with the needle force measurement system. Methods : When practitioners did twisting-rotating acupuncture needle manipulation after inserting the needle into six kinds of tissue models, they quantified the similarity sense to the sensation of Zusanli (ST36) with the NRS (Numeric Rating scale). As needle force measurement system did twisting-rotating Acupuncture needle manipulation after inserting needle into Zusanli (ST36) of human and six kinds of tissue models, it can calculate the coefficient of viscosity by measuring the torsion friction. We compare the NRS of practitioners` needle sensation to the coefficient of viscosity of needle force measurement systems. Result : As practitioners` NRS assessment to quantify needle sensation, apple and cucumber showed 70% similarity to Zusanli (ST36). As needle force measurement system`s coefficient of viscosity, apple and cucumber`s coefficient of viscosity were similar to Zusanli (ST36)`s. Conclusions : In this study, We compared the practitioners` needle sensation of Zusanli (ST36) and six kinds of tissue models with needle force measurement system that can quantify the needle sensation. As the result, we concluded that practitioners` needle sensation is similar to measured needle sensation. It seems that the acupuncture practice model implementing the needle sensation to specific acupuncture points can be built based on the system in this study.


The insecticidal experiments of extracts from coster bean toxin by different Solvents to three insect pests showed that the extracts has some insectciidal effects on the three insect pests.The Ricinine and Ricin are main active components.Ricin has an action of contact poisoning.Ricinine has both action of contact and stomach poisoning.It also has some antifeeding action.


Abstract One of the most fundamental tasks in non-life insurance, done on regular basis, is risk reserving assessment analysis, which amounts to predict stochastically the overall loss reserves to cover possible claims. The most common reserving methods are based on different parametric approaches using aggregated data structured in the run-off triangles. In this paper, we propose a rather non-parametric approach, which handles the underlying loss development triangles as functional profiles and predicts the claim reserve distribution through permutation bootstrap. Three competitive functional-based reserving techniques, each with slightly different scope, are presented; their theoretical and practical advantages – in particular, effortless implementation, robustness against outliers, and wide-range applicability – are discussed. Theoretical justifications of the methods are derived as well. An evaluation of the empirical performance of the designed methods and a full-scale comparison with standard (parametric) reserving techniques are carried on several hundreds of real run-off triangles against the known real loss outcomes. An important objective of the paper is also to promote the idea of natural usefulness of the functional reserving methods among the reserving practitioners.


Understanding culture in the life of higher education organisations is a challenge. Information science and other higher-level organisational products present scientific facts, research knowledge, and the organisational culture that produces those products. This study analyses the organisational culture of higher education communication on the website as one of the organisational artefacts that can be seen and accessed by the public. This study uses quantitative content analysis that refers to the dimensions and sub-dimensions of organisational culture developed by Overbeeke and Snizek. The universities were selected based on their Public Relations Indonesia Award 2022 awards in the Digital Channel category with website subcategories: the University of Indonesia, Gadjah Mada University, and IPB University. Based on the findings, these universities convey almost all dimensions of organisational culture through their websites. This study identifies five main dimensions of organisational culture and 23 sub-dimensions that serve as measurement tools. These 23 sub-dimension measures of organisational culture were then used to analyse visually and textually the organisational culture of the three universities studied. The research found that out of the 23 measures, only two were not found on the three university websites studied, namely the mention of the founder of the Institute and the presence of advertisements on the website. The lack of those two measures is understandable because the three universities were historically founded by the Government of Indonesia, not individuals. Furthermore, as educational institutions, those three are not commercial companies that sell products, so there is no display of product advertisements on their websites.


A real representation of a finite group naturally determines a polytope, generalizing the well-known Birkhoff polytope. This paper determines the structure of the polytope corresponding to the natural permutation representation of a general Frobenius group.


By using the fixed point index theory of completely continuous operators,we investigate the existence of multiple positive solutions for the second order boundary value problem with integral boundary conditions of nonlinear impulsive differential equations on an infinite interval in a Banach space.


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CREDIT: HOWARD PERLMAN/USGS; (INSET) APPLE/USGS

Drifting downstream in your canoe, you hear your phone beep. It's a text message. From the river. Rough water ahead! You head for shore.

Far-fetched? No, it's real. About 10,000 water resources across the United States are wired


Abstract : We investigated the spectroscopy and laser performance of Cr(2+) ions doped into II-VI semiconductors. Cr(2+) ions in CdSe exhibited strong broadband absorption in the 1.5-2.4 micron band peaked at 1.9 microns. Broadband fluorescence was present in the 1.8-2.8 micron region with a 6 microsecond lifetime in the 60-300 K temperature range. We demonstrated pulsed lasing of Cr(2+):CdSe using a 1 kHz, Q-switched, 2.05-micron, Tm, Ho:YLF pump laser. The Cr(2+):CdSe laser produced 500 mW of broadband output centered at 2.6 microns with 48% absorbed power conversion efficiency. With a larger pump beam to prevent coating damage, 815 mW was demonstrated. Tuning over the 2.3-2.9 micron range was demonstrated using a grating as the tuning element with 350 mW average power at the peak of the tuning curve.


Innovativeness in the tourism and hospitality sector is essential for competitiveness and survival. Leadership plays a key role in promoting (or hampering) firm innovativeness. This article intended to examine the role of transformational leadership (TL) and organization citizenship behavior (OCB) on Spanish tourism firms' innovativeness (OI). It also investigated whether firm size and age moderate the relationship between TL, OI, and OCB. The cross-sectional survey method was used to collect data from 329 middle-level managers in Spanish tourism firms. The findings of the data revealed that TL and OCB have significant impacts on firm innovativeness; also, OCB mediates the relationship between TL and firm innovativeness. Firm size and age moderate the relationship between TL and firm innovativeness; also, firm size moderates the relationship between TL and OCB. It was found that large firms were more innovative than small ones; also, younger firms showed a higher level of innovativeness than old firms. Managerial and specific firm size and age implications were provided.


The nearly planar aroylhydrazone molecule of the title compound, C 14 H 13 N 3 O 2 .2H 2 O, exists as the keto tautomer in the solid state with an E configuration across the C=N bond. The crystal structure is stabilized by extensive hydrogen bonding involving the water and the hydrazone molecules.


Objective To observe the effects of the injection of Dopamine Furosemide and antibiotics in abdominal cavity for curing ascites while comparing to the effects of conventional therapy.Methods 106 patients was divided into group A and B randomly.52 in group B were treated with conventional therapy: limiting the absorption of water and sodium, diuresis、 expanding blood capacity、 injecting albumin、 maintaining the equilibrium of the microecosystem in intestines and supporting therapy. 54 patients in Group A were treated not only with the conventional therapy (but not limit the sodium) but also with 20 mg Dopamine injection,40~80mg Furosemide injection and 1g Cefotaxime injection or 0.2g Amikacin injection in abdominal cavity once a day and after three days once every two days until ascites vanished.Results In group A responsive effectiveness rate is 61 1%, and effectiveness rate is 33 3%; in group B responisve effectiveness rate is 36 5% and effectiveness rate is 48 0%. So the results in group A was apparently better than those in group B and there is obvious difference (P0 05) .Conclusion The injection of Dopamine、 Furosemide and antibiotics in abdominal cavity can substantially improve the absorption of ascites.


The fusion of both the national idea and a religious revival with social work in the nineteenth century led to the search for indigenous solutions in the field of education. Because of attributable in the 2014 200th anniversary of the birth of cooperating with each other great personalities of this period: Edmund Bojanowski (1814–1871), August Cieszkowski (1814–1894) John Koźmian (1814–1877) and Peter Semenenko (1814–1886) should be reco gnize their contribution to the development of the foundations of native theory and practice of early education in the concept of rural nurseries. He combined their sincere enthusiasm and belief in the rightness of work for the revival of moral-religious and social nation through education of new generations. The richness of the diversity of their personalities, interests professions and personal opportunities led to the creation of the work in which the synergy of theory and practice has resulted in a coherent and dynamic system of early education as the first link of education. It assured a permanent basis for the functional and structural dimension of the system and meeting personal and material ensuring a clear identity and openness to the necessary changes due to the specific needs of people and the environment. This contribution and dimensions of the concept of rural nurseries are shown in this article.


The algorithm for mobile robot obstacle avoidance based on hydrodynamics applies the continuity and smoothness of fluid motion into the motion of mobile robot. First, the basic principle of the algorithm is introduced based on the reference pattern of non-circulation circumfluence. Second, the smooth obstacle-avoidance is put into reality by combining the movement characters of mobile robot and liquid. Finally, the validity of the algorithm is got by simulation test. At the same time, the algorithm can be broadened the research field of mobile robot kinematics.


We study the existence and nonexistence of positive, spherically symmetric solutions of polyharmonic boundary value problems, with strong dependence on the gradient on the right-hand side. The existence proof is constructive, with solutions possessing explicit integral representation.


In the title molecule, C18H23NO3, the hydroperoxybutyl substituent is nearly fully extended, with the four torsion angles in the range 170.23 (10)–178.71 (9)°. The O—O distance in the hydroperoxide group is 1.4690 (13) Å. This group acts as an intermolecular hydrogen-bond donor to a quinoline N atom. This results in dimeric units about the respective inversion centers, with graph-set notation R 2 2(18).


Autobiographical memory contains an incomplete yet dynamic and largely adaptive record of a person's life experiences. Across three experiments we considered the extent to which people have a desire to intervene in the ordinary processes of remembering and forgetting by asking them how likely they would be to "save" or "erase" a memory of their choosing. We then asked people to rate those memories on functions, emotions, and other characteristics. We found that people do have memories they say they would save or erase if they could. The memories people would save were highly positive memories that served self and belonging functions. Half of these memories were of typical cultural milestones whereas the other half were of more idiosyncratic events. The memories people would erase were highly negative memories that served directive functions. These memories mostly concerned idiosyncratic events. When comparing save and erase memories to people's most positive and negative memories, we found no difference between save and most positive memories. In contrast, erase memories differed from most negative memories by being more associated with shame and less with social and belonging functions. We discuss our findings in terms of our theoretical understanding of the characteristics of adaptive and maladaptive memories.


Integrated performance assessments of proposed repositories for HLW involve multidisciplinary studies which include identification of possible paths of future evolution of the repository system (scenario analysis) and quantification of the consequences of each scenario using deterministic or probabilistic modeling approaches. The results of such studies are commonly presented as estimates of consequence (e.g. dose to a representative individual) against time which extends into the distant future. Individual components of the model chains used can be tested to some extent, but how can the integrated assessment be evaluated to give additional confidence in the overall results? In order to address this issue, the Kristallin-1 performance assessment has been compared with other HLW/spent fuel performance assessments. This technical comparison forms the basis of this paper which summarizes the results from a more extensive comparison of a number of HLW/spent fuel disposal concepts, safety assessment methodologies and models. It is part of a wider study which attempted to put the results of the Kristallin-1 performance assessment into perspective by use of both this technical comparison with other performance assessments and by consideration of other information (e.g. natural analogue studies, environmental radiation data and risk assessments for radiological and non-radiological hazards) which allows themore » reasonableness of the results and significance of the predicted doses to be illustrated. Due to limitations of space, this aspect of the study has not been included here and the reader is referred to the ``Kristallin-1: Results in Perspective`` report for more details.« less


Abstract The behaviour of N in solution in molten Fe1−y M y (M≡Al, Mn) was analysed using statistical thermodynamics. According to available experimental evidence, N solubility tends to be enhanced with increasing Mn content in molten Fe1−y Mn y N x , but tends to be suppressed with increasing Al content in molten Fe1−y Al y N x in the regime where Sieverts' rule is obeyed and no MnN or AlN precipitation takes place. Enhanced N solubility in molten Fe1−y Mn y N x with increasing Mn content was concluded to be attributable to the formation of Mn–N dipoles. On the other hand, the observed suppression of N solubility with increasing Al content in molten Fe1−y Al y N x was ascribed to lattice strain in the Fe1−y Al y sublattice induced by alloying with Al. In contrast to direct pairing between Mn and N atoms in molten Fe1−y Mn y N x , no direct chemical (electronic) interaction between Al and N appeared to occur in molten Fe1−y Al y N x .MST/1257


This article seeks to explore the depths of a Marxian critique of the commodity, building on both older and newer discussions. The starting point of this inquiry is the empirical status quo of 'postmodern capitalism', which is often interpreted in a culturalistic way, criticizing its consumerist, imaginary appearance. Against this, a renewed reading of Marx's own writings is upheld. Further elaborating on this, the respective neo-Marxist accounts of the Frankfurt School and the Situationists are discussed, pointing to their common omission of the dimension of the commodity's Other. It is argued that these errors can only be corrected with reference to feminist conceptions, which likewise do not offer solutions, but help to understand the deeper contradictoriness of the capitalist totality. Conclusively, the 'value diremption' (Wert-Abspaltung) is propounded as a contemporary (German) materialist and negative dialectical approach, which might help to elucidate the problematic.


People with severe mental illness (SMI) are at risk of early mortality [1] due to life-style-related factors such as smoking [2], sedentary behaviour [3], and limited physical activity [4]. Digital interventions may be feasible for improving the lifestyle of people with SMI [5]. However, these are rarely designed with attention to persuasive design or preferences of people with SMI and in turn show low adherence and high drop-out rates [5]. This study describes persuasive features of a digital intervention aimed at improving physical activity through self-control training (SCT) as elicited through co-design. In SCT, participants perform simple tasks that require self-control (e.g. using the nondominant hand) to practice overriding an impulse and replacing it with a preferred response [6]. The role of self-control in enabling healthy behaviour [7] and SCT effectiveness [8] is well-established and may suit people with SMI, as it does not rely on language or cognitive skills.


The molecular structures of [Pd(CH2SCH3)(PPh3)2]PF6(3a) and [Pd(CH2SCH3)(PPh3)2]ClO4(3B) at −160°C were determined by means of X-ray diffraction. Crystals of both complexes belong to the monoclinic system: 3a, a=11.535(2), b=17.990(4), c=17.754(2) A and β=101.07(1)°, space group P21/c with Z=4; 3b·CH2Cl2 solvate, a=11.496(5), b=20.872(9), c=15.056(6) A and β=94.77(4)°, space group P21/n with Z=4. Both structures were solved by the heavy atom method and refined by the least-squares procedure to R=0.141 for 3906 reflections and R=0.102 for 4595 reflections for 3a and 3b respectively. The geometry around the Pd atom in each complex is essentially planar. However, the coordination behavior of the CH2SCH3 group in 3a and in 3b seems to be different. In 3a, the CH2SCH3 group is bonded to the Pd atom through the Pd–C σ-bond and the donation of the sulfur to the metal atom, forming a Pd–C–S three-membered ring [Pd–CH2=2.06(4), Pd–S=2.367(8), CH2–S=1.77(4) and S–CH3=1.78(4) A]. On the other hand, the CH2SCH3 group...


In 2003, the College of Clinical Neuropsychologists decided to hold a pre-conference meeting (prior to the APS conference), rather than our usual conference. Nevertheless, the standard of papers remains at the level of excellence that has become associated with the CCN conferences. This year a wide range of topics are covered, in many areas of interest to clinical neuropsychologists. This meeting has seen a high level of participation from students from Perth, whilst many members from other states have still contributed. The CCN has maintained its policy of encouraging participation from students, and the range of excellent submissions gained from students will ensure that this policy will continue. The CCN, once again, looks forward to a varied and stimulating meeting.


Do government cut-backs lead to greater levels of social unrest? Hans-Joachim Voth and Jacopo Ponticelli have analysed 90 years worth of data for 26 European countries and found an unambiguous message- the more governments cut, the greater the levels of social unrest.


2D Zernike moments belong to the useful object invariant descriptors which have been successfully applied in pattern recognition tasks. The main problem of using Zernike moments invariants is that they are not able to discriminate two objects having the same shape. In this paper, an approach based on Zernike moments applied on color images is proposed. A support vector machine is used for object classification. For object segmentation, the connected component labeling algorithm is used. Compared with the classical method, this approach shows higher accuracy in object recognition. Some experimental results on the COIL-100 database are presented.


Abstract Bajocian bivalves are described from 2 localities in the Behrendt Mountains, Ellsworth Land, Antarctica. The fauna consist of 26 species, 3 of which were noted by Quilty in 1978. Of these, only 2 have been formally described previously, 7 are described as new (Oxytoma trechmanni, Entolium spedeni. Camptonectes robusta, Placunopsis parallela, Pholadomya anterumbonis, Pleuromya latarugata. Pronoella antarctica), and the rest are left in informal nomenclature. Eocallista sp., a Late Jurassic form omitted by Quilty in 1978, is also described. The fauna is a nearshore marine association lacking Inoceramus, and accumulated, as part of a diverse fauna, in quiet conditions in dark siltstone to fine sandstone, perhaps before the onset of a period of major Late Jurassic island arc tectonism. It is dominated by complete, articulated specimens of infaunal genera, particularly Pleuromya.


This paper presents a deep learning based over the horizon radar (OTHR) track fusion method, which fuses the tracks of two OTHRs to improve the track accuracy of the OTHR fusion system. This method generates random track data of two OTHRs within a certain distance and azimuth range through simulation, forming data samples. Firstly, at the fusion center, preprocess the local estimation results of the two OTHRs through methods such as time alignment and coordinate transformation. Then divide the dataset of the track data of the two OTHRs into samples to obtain training and testing samples. Secondly, we constructed a deep neural network model and trained the deep neural network using training sample data. Finally, the deep neural network is tested using the test trajectory data, and the fused trajectory is outputted by the network. The proposed method fully utilizes the powerful learning ability of deep learning technology and does not require a single OTHR to provide covariance information, making the track fusion system easier to implement. Due to the fact that the deep track fusion method proposed in this article only requires one forward propagation in practical use, it has a smaller computational complexity. Experimental results show that the track fusion algorithm proposed in this paper has higher fusion accuracy and fusion efficiency than the traditional simple convex combination and covariance cross fusion methods, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.


This paper intends to explain the way in which the rights of the victims have caused neopunitivism, emphasizing in the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and also, give reasons for which it is understood that this trend represents a revalidation of the criminal retributivism, and a loss of criminal law guarantees that are proper of a a state based on the rule of law.


Completing a college education is hard work, but you achieved the goal. Actually, it was a long string of well-defined goals that fit in a strategic plan. The university provided you with a list of courses to be completed. Your professors gave you a syllabus of each course and announced the tests or projects and how each fit into your grade. One by one, you studied hard for each test and completed each project per the requirements. All of your work was submitted for grading to pre-established standards. OK, maybe the professor graded on a curve and thereby took into account how the rest of the class did on the test. For the most part, you understood what was expected and how performance was to be judged.


Two patients with retinal detachment had antaomic restoration following scleral buckling with episcleral silicone rubber sponges. Severe, irregular, corneal astigmatism was induced, with marked reduction in visual acuity, metamorphopsia, and dissocciative exotropia with diplopia. After removal of the sponges, the corneas reverted toward normal, with improvement in visual acuity and alleviation of symptoms. Moderate degrees of regular astigmatism have persisted.


Heteropoly acids ( HPAs) solid high2proton conductors have received increasing attention over the last few years owing to their applications in fuel cells , sensors and electrochemical chromogenic devices etc. The present paper summarizes and reviews the current development in the area of the conductivities of HPAs , HPAs2inorganic matrix composite materials , HPAs2organic hybrid materials and HPAs2multiple composite materials. The conductivities of these materials are listed in the corresponding tables. Some laws of proton conductivity are summarized. By loading various weight percentages of HPAs onto different solid matrixs , the stability and mechanical ductility of solid proton conducting materials can be increased. The composite materials combine the high thermal and structural stability of matrixs with outstanding conductivity of HPAs , which place them among one of the most promising solid proton conductors. The higher the humidity is and the more the doping amount of HPAs is , the higher the conductivities of the composite materials are. The applications of HPAs in proton exchange membrane fuel cells are described in detail . The future development and research trends of HPAs solid high2proton conductors are prospected.


Nano-SiC particulates (n-SiCp) reinforced 2014Al matrix composites with different reinforcement volume fractions (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 vol.-%) were fabricated by powder metallurgy combined with hot extrusion. The effect of volume fraction of n-SiCp on mechanical properties of composites was studied at both ambient and elevated temperatures. The increase of n-SiCp content led to an increase in yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and a slight decrease in elongation which is much better than the composites reinforced with micro-SiCp. The 0.5 vol.-% n-SiCp/2014Al composite observed the highest YS and UTS of ∼378 and ∼573 MPa at room temperature and of ∼303 and ∼409 MPa at 473 K. The enhancement of the properties is suggested to be induced by uniformly dispersed and well-bonded n-SiCp reinforcements as well as the age-hardening effect of the more and finer precipitates.


Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Technological Infrastructure and International Competitiveness 3. Structural Crises of Adjustment, Business Cycles and Investment Behaviour 4. Innovation and Growth 5. Family Allowances, Technical Change, Inequality and Social Policy 6. Continental, National and Sub-national Systems of Innovation 7. Rise of the East Asian Economies and the Computerisation of the World Economy 8. A Hard Landing for the "New Economy": Information Technology and the United States National System of Innovation 9. Catching Up and Innovation Systems: Implications for Eastern Europe 10. The ICT Paradigm 11. A Schumpeterian Renaissance? 12. Conclusions: A 'Theory of Reasoned History'


: [ Objective ] This study aims to extract knowledge for clinical decision from electronic medical records through semantic analysis. [ Methods ] We first extracted clinical terms from the training samples by the word segmentation algorithm with the help of custom dictionary and statistical method. Then, we used latent semantic analysis to find the potential correlations between clinical terms and treatment plans. Finally, we established a latent semantic model to support gastric cancer treatments. [ Results ] We successfully extracted 605 treatment plans from 1000 test samples based on the discharge summary texts. [ Limitations ] Only discharge record texts were examined for this study. [ Conclusions ] The latent semantic analysis could effectively process electronic medical records to assist doctors' clinical decision-making work, which posed positive effects to the development of electronic medical record applications.


A review of the nonlocal coherent-potential approximation (NLCPA) is presented for describing short-range correlations in substitutionally-disordered systems. Originally introduced by Jarrell and Krishnamurthy to generalise the widely used coherent-potential approximation (CPA) approach in the context of a tight-binding model, the NLCPA has since been implemented within KKR multiple scattering theory (KKR-NLCPA) and combined with density functional theory for ab-initio calculations (self-consistent-field (SCF)-KKR-NLCPA). Here an application to the Cu 50 Zn 50 disordered alloy is described, demonstrating the role of charge transfer and the variation of the total energy as a function of chemical short-range order. Significantly, the method will enable important problems involving systems with spin, strain, or valency fluctuations to be tackled in a parameter-independent and material-specific way.


In order to help establish a more widespread recognition of the mutual benefits that can come from better public-private cooperation, the first session of the Eno Joint Conference was devoted to public-private financing techniques. Transportation offers the public and private sectors a logical rallying point for mutually beneficial collaboration. During the last several years, public opinion has come to realize that there are practical limits to how much money state and local governments can devote to transportation. This realization, in turn, has led to a growing acceptance of the principle that improving mobility, particularly in urban areas, should be a joint responsibility of both the private and public sectors. The need for greater public involvement is not disputed by many people in the private sector. The business community recognizes the need for private interest to become more involved because of the fact that a well functioning transportation system is essential to the economic growth and vitality of the communities in which they operate. Local government has an equally strong motivation to seek expanded private sector involvement. Contracting with private providers often results in lower costs to the public. Land developers can relieve financially strapped communities of some of the costs associated with new development. And, a more involved business community providers local officials with an influential ally in their efforts to mobilize public opinion behind new transportation improvements.


Tracheal agenesis is a very rare and rel'ractory cause ol' respiratory distress 'yndrome in the neonatal period. Only one ofthe 40 reported cascs survivcd the first weck ol'lil'e and this neonate dicd 6 wecks later after an attcmpted corrcctive procedure (Fonka/srud. .\farle/l'. Ma/oney 1963). In this rcport wc present a case ol'trachcal agenesi who survived 8 day and this temporary survival dcpended. as in the oth r a e , on ventilation through the esophagus. Case report


PET crystals with size of 45 mm×45 mm×40 mm was grown by solution temperature reduation method using H2SO4 as additive.The growth rate of PET crystal prismatic shaped exceed 1.5 mm/d,2 times the normal.X-ray diffraction,IR spectrum,and TG analysis were used to confirm the structure integrity.The results show that sulfuric has no effect on the integrity of PET crystal


There is discussed the amplitude-polarization method of a moving object pitch angle detection using the radio beacon horizontally polarized signals. The moving object pitch angle estimation is done using the ratio of the in-phase orthogonal horizontal linearly polarized radio beacon amplitudes of the signals received within the linearly polarized basis.


The lack of chromium and magnesium is closely related with the formation and development of insulin resistance. The supplementation of chromium or magnesium alone can reduce insulin resistance, but the effect of chromium combined with magnesium on insulin resistance has not been reported so far. It is recommended here to examine the combined effect of chromium and magnesium on insulin resistance and investigate the corresponding molecular mechanism in future.


A straightforward and effective method of stabilizing a β-hairpin conformation in a cyclic protein loop mimetic is described, which exploits the templating effect of a heterochiral D-Pro-L-Pro dipeptide unit. A twelve-residue β-hairpin loop was grafted from the extracellular interferon γ receptor onto the heterochiral D-Pro-L-Pro dipeptide template to afford a fourteen-residue cyclic peptide. The residues directly attached to the D-Pro-L-Pro template are shown by NMR spectroscopy to structurally mimic corresponding residues in adjacent antiparallel β-strands in the receptor. MD Simulations with and without time-averaged distance restraints support this view and indicate that the tip of the loop is more flexible, as inferred also for the receptor protein from crystallographic data. The templating effect of the heterochiral diproline unit also promotes efficient backbone cyclization of the fourteen-residue linear peptide precursor, suggesting that a wide variety of related protein loop mimetics incorporating the D-Pro-L-Pro template might be readily accessible.


In this work, we consider a class of nonlinear partial neutral functional dierential equations with a nondensely defined Hille-Yosida operator. We first prove the local existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions. Second, we study the global existence and stability. In the end, we extend in the autonomous case, results of Hale ((21), (23)) concerning dissipativeness and existence of a global attractor to our situation.


Bagnold's (1954) and Kawamura's (1951) formulae may be used for the calculation of the sand movement on a natural beach, provided the shear stress velocity U* > 0·D4 m/s. Great discrepancies have been found between calculated and measured sand transport rates for U* < 0·D4 m/s, mainly because of the capillary forces acting on a wet beach.

The measured critical shear velocity U*c at the beginning of sand movement on a clean dry beach agrees very well with that predicted by Bagnold's formula. On a dry beach where the sand grains are stuck together, U*c was found to be about 10% higher. On a wet beach U*c appeared to depend on the moisture content of the surface layer. Grain size is a determining parameter in the U*c-moisture content relation.

When the angle a between the wind direction at sea and the dune face is between 15° and 85° the streamlines of the wind will bend in the vicinity of the dune face. In consequence this may influence the direction of sediment movement.