The phase-coding method is useful in 3D shape measurement due to its low sensitivity to surface contrast and camera noise. However, as the number of fringe periods increases, the wrapped phase recovered from the sinusoidal phase-shifting patterns is always misaligned with the fringe order calculated by the stair-coding patterns. To solve this, an improved dual-frequency phase-coding fringe projection method is designed to realize absolute phase retrieval. Specifically, the auxiliary fringe order determined by phase-shifting is used to get the absolute phase, which can eliminate fringe-order errors. Moreover, to increase speed and the number of codewords, this paper presents a scheme that only requires seven patterns, including a uniform gray image, two high-frequency sinusoidal fringe patterns, two low-frequency sinusoidal fringe patterns and two phase-coding fringe patterns. Therefore, this method requires fewer patterns to realize high-resolution measurement than existing methods. The success of the proposed method can be proved by experiments.


This paper gives a short overview of the various methodologies currently used to assure quality in higher education institutions. It then outlines the various activities involved in each, discusses some of the reasons for the development of the current situation, makes some critical and comparative comments on the key methodologies, and concludes with a discussion of the role of BS EN ISO 9000 and university charters.


We felt that it would be interesting to submit these two cases of proved Banti's disease to a thorough serological analysis. The parents' blood groups were as follows. Father: Al, MN, P+, C+, c+, D+, E+, e+, Le (a+), Fy (a-), Kell-. Mother: Ai, N, P+, C+, c-, D+, E-, Le (a-), Fy (a-), Kell-. The mother has never received a blood transfuLsion, and on the basis of the parents' blood groups it can be ruled out that the mother could have formed anti-D during pregnancy. In order to decide whether the mother might have formed other antibodies which possibly might 4iave caumed the disease in the two children, her serum was tested against the father's red cells at 5' C., at room temperature, and at 37' C., and a search was made for the possible presence of an incomplete antibody. The results of all these tests were negative. We could not find in the mother's blood antibodies of any kind which were able to agglutinate the father's red cells. In order, fuirthermore, to make sure that a possible previously existing antibody might not have been reduced to so low a titre as to be undemonstrable, we utilized the fact that both parents were Group Ai, Rh+. The mother was injected intravenously with 5 ml. of the father's blood. By this procedure a possible dormant antibody would have been restimulated (Race and Sanger, 1950). At the end of a fortnight the mother's serum was again tested against the father's red cells without any complete or incomplete antibodies being demonstrable in the mother's serum. It is thus highly improbable that the present proved cases of Banti's disease could have been due to an incompatibility of the blood groups of mother and child, either within the rhesus system or any of the other known, or so far unknown, systems: the father's red cells must carry the antigens to which the mother might have formed the antibodies causing the disease in the children. Thus Tidy's theory that blood-group incompatibility between mother and child is an aetiological factor in Banti's disease could not be, confirmed in the present cases.


Objective To study the efficacy and outcome of primary suture and biliary stent insertion after choledochotomy. Methods The records of 61 cases of primary suture and biliary stent insertion after choledochotomy(Group A) were reviewed retrospectively,and compared with those undergoing T-tube drainage after choledochotomy(Group B).The postoperative hospital stay time and the time of tube extraction were analyzed. Results All the operations were successful.In group A,stent removal was 7 days and hospital stay 9-12 days(average 10 days) postoperatively;in group B(n=59),time to removal of tube was 17 days and hospital stay was 20-23 days(average 22 days) postoperatively.No severe complications occurred in either group. Conclusions Primary suture and biliary stent insertion after choledochotomy is safe and reliable.


The aims of this study were as follows: (1) To evaluate the entheseal fibrocartilage (EF) during Achilles tendon insertion in patients with Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) by using power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS), (2) to assess the intra and inter-reader reliability of the evaluation of EF thickness, (3) to compare the EF thickness of PsA patients, athletes and healthy controls (HCs), and (4) to evaluate the correlations between EF abnormalities, disease activity and functional indices in PsA. Methods: Consecutive PsA patients attending our unit were asked to participate. HCs and agonist athletes were enrolled as a control group. A bilateral PDUS evaluation of Achilles tendons was performed in order to evaluate the EF in all patients and controls. Results: In total, 30 PsA patients, 40 athletes and 20 HCs were enrolled. The median (IQR) EF thickness among the PsA patients, athletes and HCs was 0.035 cm (0.028–0.04) cm, 0.036 (0.025–0.043) cm and 0.030 (0.020–0.038) cm, respectively (p = 0.05 between PsA patients and HCs). The intra-reader reliability was excellent [ICC (95% CI) of 0.91 (0.88–0.95)] and the inter-reader reliability was good (0.80 (0.71–0.86). The assessment of EF was feasible, with a mean time of 2 min. No correlations were found with disease activity indices in PsA patients. Conclusion: The assessment of EF is a feasible and reproducible test and may be explored as a potential imaging biomarker.


The limits of validity of the nonrelativistic dipole formulation of the total photoionization cross section are explored. Relativistic and nonrelativistic independent particle model calculations of all subshells of C, Sn, and U are performed from 0 to 200 keV above threshold in each case. The comparison shows a remarkable agreement between nonrelativistic dipole and full relativistic multipole results for [ital s] subshells, even at the highest energies investigated where nonrelativistic dipole approximation should show significant breakdown; this phenomenon does not occur for [ital l][ne]0 subshells or in angular distributions. The phenomenon is explained in terms of an approximate cancellation among relativistic, retardation, and multipole effects which occurs only for [ital s] subshells.


The intention of
this paper is to provide "for the first time" a conceptual framework
on how a level of IPRs is linked to bilateral intra-industry trade (IIT) flows.
The proposed analysis of the relationship between IPRs and IIT of this paper is
couched in a simple and intuitive framework that answers a positive question of
how intellectual property rights (IPRs-) induced market expansion, and market
power effects are related to the horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade
flows. The proposed intuitive framework introduces a demand-side approach and a
supply-side approach in explaining the link between IPRs and intra-industry
trade (IIT) flows. The supply-side approach explores how a country's IPRs
affect its own exports (supply). In contrast, the demand-side approach examines
the effect a country's IPRs have on its own imports (demand). The presented
conceptual framework of this paper provides intuitive evidence that in
determining bilateral intra-industry trade (IIT) flows in a two-country world,
the demand approach posits that bilateral trade flows may increase or decrease
due to improvements in IPRs in the importing destination country, while the
supply-side approach states that the bilateral trade flows may also increase or
decrease due to strong (high) IPRs in the exporting country. Furthermore, the
simultaneous effects of both supply and demand on bilateral intra-industry
trade flows are simultaneously needed in explaining the effects of strengthening
the level of the IPRs on bilateral intra-industry trade flows (IIT).


The shipboard three-axis antenna of satellite communication adopts three-axis stabilization and two-axis tracking mode.The reason of opposite polarization interference when using shipboard satellite communication three-axis antenna to track the line polarization satellite is analyzed.The impact of unmatched polarization on communication quality and tracking performance during tracking is also analyzed and a solution is proposed to solve the opposite polarization interference for three-axis antenna.The theory analysis and experiment prove that the scheme is able to eliminate the opposite polarization interference and increase the stabilization and reliability for tracking and communication of three-axis antenna.


A two-dimensional finite difference numerical model was developed in order to simulate two-phase fluid flow in a single fracture. In the model, variation of viscosity with pressure and that of relative permeability with water saturation can be treated. For the numerical solution, IMPES method was used, from which the pressure and the saturation of water and gas were computed one by one. Seven cases of model test using parallel plates for a single fracture were performed in order to obtain the characteristic equation of relative permeability which would be used in the numerical model. it was difficult to match the characteristic curves of relative permeability from the model tests with the existing emperical equations, consequently a logistic equation was proposed. As the equation is composed of the parameters involving aperture size, it can be applied to any fracture.


Films consisting of Mo, Cr, and Ta have all been found to display well-defined biaxial
textures when grown under certain conditions. A well-defined out-of-plane texture evolves
within the first ~ 100 nm of the film, followed by the evolution of a preferred crystallographic
orientation in the plane of the film. These effect were studied using X-ray pole figure
analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), transmission electron diffraction (TED), and high resolution grazing incidence
X-ray scattering (GIXS). It has been found that in-plane texture evolves only when there
is, on average, oblique adatom flux incident onto the substrate. Further, the type of out-of-plane texture can be controlled by altering the deposition conditions. Parameters including cathode-to-substrate distance, deposition rate, average angle of adatom incidence,
and sputter gas pressure, have been shown to determine the type out-of-plane
texture, as well as the rate of in-plane texture evolution. The studies conducted have shown
that it is possible to create and control biaxially textured films and multilayers made of a
variety of materials. A recent model which describes this phenomena is discussed.


Wheatgrass was evaluated as a potential non-conventional feedstuff to supplement fish meal in juvenile rohu (Labeorohita) diet to reduce feed cost. Green leafy sprouted wheatgrass (Triticumaestivum), inexpensive quality nutrient source, was processed into powder to formulate sinking pellet feed. Four isonitrogenous test diets were applied in four treatments (T) with three replications (R) each. The basal inclusion rate of fish meal was 30% in the control (T0), of which 10, 20 and 30% was replaced with wheatgrass powder in T10, T20 and T30 respectively to feed the experimental fish. Rohu fingerlings (7.63±0.41 cm; 4.66±0.15 g) were stocked in twelve glass aquaria (60×40×45 cm³) at 10 fish in 75 L water per aquarium, fed experimental diets at 5% of body weight twice daily. After 60 days of feeding trial, significantly better growth was observed in T20 with the highest production (3.23±0.44 tons/ha/60days), SGR (1.01±0.08 %/day) and the lowest FCR (2.68±1.40). Importantly, fish survival rate was improved with the progressive addition of wheatgrass in T10 (90%), T20 (93.33%) and T30 (100%) compared to the lowest survival in T0 (86.67%). Correspondingly fish in T30 were most resilient to low pH stress test (LT50 = 17 minutes) followed by T20 and T10 than T0 (LT50 = 9 minutes). Supplementation also resulted in better fish carcass quality with lowest carcass lipid (3.96±0.15%) and highest protein (15.72±0.53%) in T20 feed cost was reduced by 2.73, 5.13 and 8.06% in T10, T20 and T30 respectively than T0. Therefore, wheatgrass has prospect in juvenile rohu diet.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 533-543,  December 2020


Image compression is necessary because raw image data is normally high and the data storage and transmission bandwidth are always limited. Baseline JPEG standard is the most common image compression standard in use today. This project aims to simulate the lossy image compression in Matlab for the further study and analysis. The baseline JPEG standard was explained in multiple successive graphical user interface. Three boards were developed to study the JPEG standard. The study included the variation of block size, DCT algorithm, and the quality factor and their effects on the image quality and compression time and compression ratio.


A self-assembled non-covalent metallogel system with self-healing, deformation recoverable, moldable and bottom-up load-bearing properties was prepared using tetrazolyl derivatives and Pd(OAc)2.


Abstract. As a continuation of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison
Project (PlioMIP), PlioMIP Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) coordinates a wide selection
of different climate model experiments aimed at further improving our
understanding of the climate and environments during the late Pliocene with
updated boundary conditions. Here we report on PlioMIP2 simulations carried
out by the two versions of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM),
NorESM-L and NorESM1-F, with updated boundary conditions derived from the
Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping version 4 (PRISM4).
NorESM1-M is the version of NorESM that contributed to the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). NorESM-L is the low-resolution of
NorESM1-M, whereas NorESM1-F is a computationally efficient version of
NorESM1-M, with similar resolutions and updated physics. Relative to
NorESM1-M, there are notable improvements in simulating the strength of the
Atlantic meridional overturning
circulation (AMOC) and the distribution of sea ice in NorESM1-F, partly due to the updated
ocean physics. The two NorESM versions both produce warmer and wetter
Pliocene climate, with a greater warming over land than over ocean. Relative
to the preindustrial period, the simulated Pliocene global mean surface air
temperature is 2.1  ∘ C higher with NorESM-L and 1.7  ∘ C higher
with NorESM1-F, and the corresponding global mean sea surface
temperature enhances by 1.5 and 1.2  ∘ C. The simulated
precipitation for the Pliocene increases by 0.14 mm d −1
globally in both model versions, with large increases in the tropics and
especially in the monsoon regions and only minor changes, or even slight
decreases, in subtropical regions. The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)
shifts northward in the Atlantic and Africa in boreal summer. In the
simulated warmer and wetter Pliocene world, AMOC becomes deeper and stronger, with the maximum AMOC levels
increasing by ∼9  % (with NorESM-L) and ∼15  % (with NorESM1-F), while the meridional overturning circulation
slightly strengthens in the Pacific and Indian oceans. Although the two
models produce similar Pliocene climates, they also generate some
differences, in particular for the Southern Ocean and the northern middle
and high latitudes, which should be investigated through PlioMIP2 in the
future. As compared to PlioMIP1, the simulated Pliocene warming with
NorESM-L is weaker in PlioMIP2 but otherwise shows very similar responses.


The Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) has become a common element of the structure for randomized, controlled clinical trials. The key role of the DMC is to monitor interim safety and outcome data on behalf of patients, investigators, and trial sponsor(s). This responsibility is required ethically to minimize patient exposure to inferior or harmful therapies or interventions, and in some instances to recommend early termination when a new intervention has demonstrated early to be convincingly superior. Historically, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) structured the DMC to be responsible for a single trial. Later, DMCs for NIH AIDS and cancer clinical trial cooperative networks were used to be responsible for a portfolio of trials in a given disease area. In the past several years, industry-sponsored trials have developed variations of the NIH clinical trial structure, including the use of DMCs. In principle, DMCs should be independent of patients, investigators, and sponsors in their monitoring activities. In the article by Dixon and Lagakos, the issue is raised as to whether or not DMCs should ever share information with each other. Except for severe adverse events, the authors argue that exchange of trial information between DMCs should be discouraged. For DMCs responsible for a large number of trials in a given disease area, data are obviously shared openly across trials within the DMC. Thus, this case is clear. In other situations, some individuals may serve on multiple DMCs, often in common areas that their expertise covers. Sometimes, this overlap may be intentional by a sponsor for a series of their own trials. The usual practice is that these DMC members do not openly share information from one trial to another. In fact, confidentiality agreements are often signed prohibiting any data or information sharing. However, as they internally evaluate data from the corresponding studies, these individuals surely are aware of results from the other individual studies in which they participate. Even if they do not share


Hydrocyclone is mainly developed for the oil water separation system in offshore oil production.In this paper,the fundamental characteristic parameters of hydrocyclone and the state of the arts of its industrial use are presented.The related research work is reviewed from three aspects:laboratory,simulation and application.Finally,the problems in the present research field are pointed out and some useful opinions are given.


Brain tumors cause widespread apprehension in society, associated with poor prognosis and death. Laymen most often associate them with glioblastoma multiforme which is in fact the most common malignant primary brain tumor (formerly it was considered the most common primary brain tumor, now it is thought that meningiomas are the most common). The interest of both the public and physicians is aroused by potential brain tumors risk factors. The only evidence based risk factor is ionizing radiation of head and neck. Other risk factors are also under consideration, however are not conclusive and different studies give different results. Given the widespread apprehension of brain tumors, knowledge of the risk factors seems obvious. In this manuscript, we have reviewed the current state of knowledge aboutf risk factors based on research. They confirm that apart from ionizing radiation, the existence of other risk factors is considered: cell phones, electromagnetic field, occupational exposure to raw meat, viruses. However, all these risk factors are not confirmed by reference results.


Objective To observe the comprehensive nursing intervention on treatment compliance in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods From January 2009 to January 2012,65 cases in our hospital in patients with type 2 diabetes were observed,depending on the nursing interventions divided into intervention group of 35 patients to take random symptomatic control group of 30 patients in the control group care,the intervention group psychological intervention,drug intervention,dietary intervention,exercise intervention,comprehensive care intervention,application design treatment compliance questionnaire,the patients adherence to treatment.Results Compliance of the intervention group was significantly better than the control group(P 0.05),and intervention patients discharged fasting glucose,2 h postprandial blood glucose and changes more significantly(P 0.05) compared to the control group of glycosylated hemoglobin conclusion.Conclusion Through the implementation of comprehensive nursing interventions can improve the level of awareness of patients with diabetes and adherence to treatment,helps to control blood sugar,reduce the incidence of complications.


Following the characteristics of the basin water ecological health assessment applications,we built bigger components to the application's construction.The Plug-in application scheme and the user interface were designed suit with Plugin.Finally,we prove that this application construction method can be well transported in other GIS application.


Introduction: One of the most important evaluation methods for scientific outputs of researchers and research centers is to use the Hirsch index )h-index( and m parameter. The main advantages of these indicators are simultaneous evaluation of quantitative and qualitative scientific production. The aim of this study was to determine the research outcomes of the faculty members of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences based on the Hirsch index and m parameter indexed in Google Scholar until end of 2016. Methods: In this scientometric and descriptive study, all faculty members of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences )425 people( were selected with the census method. With a direct view, Google Scholar database and insertions of affiliation for university, the Hirsch index and scientific age of people were extracted and documented in a checklist, and m parameters were calculated. Data analysis was carried out by the SPSS 16 software, using a number of indicators, charts, graphs, and descriptive statistics. Results: Of the total, 209 people )49.2%( had the Hirsch index. The overall mean )SD( of the Hirsch index was 2.71 )3.85( and m parameter was 0.36 )0.44(. The maximum Hirsch index was 17, and was obtained by three members of the biochemistry, biostatistics and epidemiology and public health members. The highest m parameter was 2.16 and was awarded to an academic member of the Psychiatry department. The mean of the Hirsch index and m parameter were 3.31 and 0.42 for males, and 1.76 and 0.25 for females, respectively. For the basic sciences courses Hirsch index and m parameter were 4.97 and 0.57, and for clinical sciences 1.72 and 0.26, respectively. Individuals with PhD degree and professors, respectively had a Hirsch index of 5.01 and 9.3 and m parameter of 0.58 and 0.89, respectively. In terms of scale between the two indexes, rank and position of all four variables did not differ. In general, the department of immunology with mean Hirsch index of 9.25, and department of biostatistics and epidemiology with mean m parameter of 1.14, were top ranked, respectively. The school of health with mean Hirsch index of 7.02 and mean m parameter of 0.87 had the highest rating in both categories. Regarding the two indices of scientometric, ranking and position of other faculties and educational departments were different from each other. Conclusion: The average of Hirsch index and m parameter of research products of the faculty members of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, compared to other universities of medical sciences was fairly good, but not satisfactory compared to international indices in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Hence, it is recommended for the m parameter to be used with other scientometric indices as scientific evaluation criteria of academic researchers. Received: 11.12.2016 Accepted: 30.01.2017


Reactiond of 2-(N, N-dimethylamino)- and 2-(N, N-diethylamino)tropones with palladium (II) acetate in benzene in the presence of sodium acetate afforded the corresponding 7-acetoxylated 2-aminotropones. A similar acetoxylation reaction proceeded with azulene to give 1-acetoxy- and 1, 3-diacetoxyazulenes. On the other hand, phenylation at the 7-position occurred in the reaciton using 2-(N-methyl)anilinotoropone. The acetoxylations are considered to proceed through radical cation complexes formed through oxidation of amino groups by palladium.


Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is the process of searching the voltage space for the optimal power generation and tracking the optimum as it changes. This paper presents a performance analysis of soft computing algorithms applied to this endeavor and a deployment recommendation based on performance goals. Specifically, fuzzy logic (FL) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were tested with direct and indirect converter control and compared against multiple metrics for fitness. Along the way a novel algorithm was also developed, deemed the Modified Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (MNFIS). This algorithm incorporates the strengths of both FL and ANN MPPT while mitigating the weaknesses of either.


In order to solve the support technical difficulty of the gateway with soft and broken roof in No.15 seam of the Jurassic Period in Datong Mining Area,the physical mechanics property test and measurement was conducted on the seam and the roof and floor strata.Based on the circumstance,the roof type of the gateway was analyzed.According to the actual conditions of the seam roof,the paper stated the principles of the on time support,the yield support,the high working resistance support and the integrated reinforcement for the gateway with broken roof.The theoretical calculation was applied to determine the surrounding rock anchoring support plan of the seam gateway.The site experiment showed that the support plan and the support parameters selected could be effectively to control the surrounding rock deformation of the gateway.The max bed separation value of the gateway roof would be 13 mm.The support material consumption was reduced by 10%.Thus the safety application of the gateway could be ensured and the obvious economic benefits were obtained.


This paper overviews the Seismic Fragility of bridge structure,summarizes research status of seismic damage of domestic steel reinforced concrete bridge at home and abroad,and carries on analytical illustration,so as to guide seismic design practice of bridge structure.


The basic objective of this paper is to investigate into the pattern of development that is being experienced by the states in the Eastern part of India, namely Assam, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal. This is, obviously, necessary in order to be acquainted with the diversified nature of achievements of these states and to make an inter-state comparative study of their attainments and at the same time to take note of whether their success in various spheres of development is better off or worse off than the corresponding figures attained by our country as a whole. Such a study will, naturally, prescribe some policies which, if followed, may bring more development in the states where relatively less development has been attained.


An investigation was made of the lasing characteristics of solutions of various new dyes in the coumarin, naphthalimide, and benzanthrone classes pumped transversely by the second harmonic of ruby laser radiation. Lasing in the blue, green, and red parts of the spectrum was obtained for most of the compounds studied. A comparison was made between these materials and laser dyes widely used in these spectral ranges. The compounds studied included some with a lasing efficiency substantially higher than uranin in the green and cresyl violet in the red, and with a photostability not inferior to these two.


Plasmonic nanoparticles in complex clusters and in specific molecular orientations are able to support strong plasmon and Fano resonances in their nanoscale geometries. In this paper, we examine the spectral response of a symmetric necklace shape nanostructure composed of Au nanodisk heptamers that are located in a close proximity to each other. Determining the appropriate geometrical parameters for the proposed necklace, we analyzed the effect of geometrical variations on the Fano resonance position and quality by calculating the scattering cross-sectional profile, numerically. Considering the strong localization of surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) in the heptamer clusters, the LSPR sensitivity for the studied necklace has been determined. Moreover, we evaluated the performance of the structure for different medium conditions by plotting corresponding figure of merit (FoM). To this end, we measured the plasmon resonance energy differences (Δ E eV) over the refractive index (n) alterations, we quantified the corresponding FoM for the final necklace as 13.7, which can be utilized in designing precise and highly sensitive sensors. Ultimately, we proved that highly complex structures composed of metal nanoparticles clusters yield high sensitivity to the environmental perturbations.


In the light of the tense competition,basic education plays an important historical role.Having a staff of high professional abilities is the first step towards cultivation of excellent students.Young teachers are the focus in the teaching force.The paper discussed a few factors in the education and training of young teachers.


I am sitting in a San Francisco restaurant with MC, a Filipino historian from Manila. MC moved here recently at the behest of community leaders who fear Filipinos are forgetting their roots. MC teaches class at a community center in "Little Manila," in San Francisco's "South of Market" neighborhood. MC is erudite and eloquent on how Filipinos can manage to balance awareness of their homeland with the seductions of integration into American society and the imperative to do so. As we converse, he glances down repeatedly at a mobile phone in his lap. We are talking, eating our meal and then suddenly he breaks off and says he must go. Why, I ask? He hands me the silent phone and I read the message on the screen: Go to the bank.


This paper summarized the common characteristics of government responsibility, vulnerable groups focus, low level location, and strict management process by analysis of medical aid policy details in England, German, the United States and Singapore under the financing of national medical insurance, social medical insurance, commercial medical insurance, saving medial insurance. Those findings may provide some references for medial aid in our country.


In the second volume of his popular treatise Cosmos: A sketch of a physical description of the universe (1845–62) the German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) argued that the exposure of the European eye to the exotic flora of the tropical world would heighten the 'artistic powers' and intellectual insight of the 'untutored mind'. Enabling him to 'spontaneously arrive at the impression that "one sole and indissoluble chain binds together all nature' — a conclusion the cultivated intellect discerned only through slow and 'laborious deduction' — Humboldt's thesis offered a social rationale for both the artistic and scientific documentation of the new world and its display in European cities. Humboldt noted that the diverse mediums of literature (nature poetry and travel writing), landscape painting (the panoramic landscape) and the cultivation and display of exotic plants functioned readily as vehicles for the European engagement with the exotic. A more recent aid to this project, he noted, was offered by the new technology of the photograph. In this paper the significance of von Humboldt's thesis and its impact on the motive of artistic and scientific practices in countries identified by von Humboldt as exotic will be considered. Particular attention will be paid to John William Lindt's (1845–1962) photographic study of his garden and hermitage in the Yarra Ranges (1880–1910) and the contemporary images of the gardens of Hubert de Castella in the Yarra Valley by Nicholas John Caire (1837–1918). Within easy travelling distances from Melbourne these manipulated landscapes were used by both artists as sites for soirees of food, wine, art, and song. The photographic record of these gardens and the surrounding environs was in turn supplemented by two written documents: Trip to the Black Spur: [occupying four days] (1880) and Companion Guide to Healesville, Black Spur, Narbethong and Marysville (1904). It will be argued that the union of landscape photography, painting, gardening, and literature hosted by these gardens was shaped by a Humboldtian thesis in which the exotic is positioned as an emancipatory tool for the common man.


Junctures are pauses used in speech separating thought-groups from one another in order to give the listener time to digest the utterance to signal the end. Where junctures are present, hearers find it easier to understand what is said as they are able to discern the individual words between such verbal breaks. Junctures being universal suprasegmental features in all languages, learners of foreign languages should also be made aware of their existence and importance while trying to capture the skill of conveying their oral messages intelligibly. In an innovative approach to teach the three forms of junctures, namely, the sustained junctures (short or long pauses in sentences), the falling junctures (pauses after statements) and the rising junctures (pauses after questions) could be demonstrated in a "comparative pairs technique". This technique may involve the matching of some famous proverbs common in both languages (the source and the target languages, i.e. L1 vs. L2) to prove the universality of such suprasegmental elements. For instance, "the sustained juncture" could be taught using such a match as "Friends may meet but mountains never greet " vs. "Il n'y a que les montagnes qui ne se rencontrent jamais " As an example of a "falling juncture", another identical proverb-pair such as: "Rome wasn't built in a day " vs. "Paris ne s'est pas fait en un jour " could be given. And finally for "the rising juncture" yet another pair in the question form this time could be used: "Which came first the chicken or the egg / Qui est venu en premier la poule ou l'œuf " Thus, in this presentation, the functions of the terminal junctures will be shown both through English and French proverb examples as suprasegmental phonemes in the intonation of English. We often encounter the challenge of teaching suprasegmentals to foreign language students in Turkey as a serious problem. So comparing identical proverbs while teaching students junctures could increase their awareness of such a feature of oral communication and thus allow them express themselves more clearly and understandably.


Corrosion fatigue is a common failure mechanism in rock drilling components and many othermechanical parts subjected to cyclic loads in corrosive environments. A crucial part in the design ofsuch c ...


At the first meeting for the United Nations Decade for Women, held in Mexico City in 1975, many European feminists were accused of eurocentricism by people from the third world. Since then a debate has emerged and the author draws implications for a global women's movement.


Gelatin is a structure-forming agent produced from animal raw materials. The origin of gelatin determines the technological features of its production processes. In order to increase the efficiency of equipment use and to produce high quality products it is necessary to rationalize the modes and conditions of one of the main production processes, namely the process of drying. This determines the need to identify and account for independent technological parameters that determine the values of specific productivity, thermal efficiency, determining the technical and economic indicators in the organization of the technological flow, in particular, its intensity and timing of storage of end products, and as a consequence, reducing the duration of the process and its energy and resource consumption. As part of the present work, experimental and analytical studies were carried out to rationalize and evaluate the efficiency of fish gelatin drying processes. The kinetic regularities of fish gelatin drying were studied in order to establish a rational dehydration regime. The dependence of the variation of the specific output of the end product in the drying plant on the parameters determining the transfer rate of heat and substance during dehydration of gelatin in the dispersed state were revealed and mathematically described. The study of the mechanism of the dehydration process and its kinetic regularities makes it possible to formulate and solve the physical and mathematical problem of determining the rational parameters of the drying operation and modelling this operation in order to predict its modes for similar products.


The treatment of AML in the elderly population is difficult given the inherent resistant disease, the toxic effects of therapy and the presence of co-morbid conditions. We proposed preclinical studies to investigate the potential synergy of bortezomib with melphalan against AML cells, with the anticipation of developing a clinical trial. To test the killing potential of bortezomib or melphalan, limiting dilution experiments were performed with subsequent analysis using the MTT assay. Two human AML cell lines, GDM-1 and Kasumi-1, were used as targets. Tumor cells (7.5 x 10 3 cells/well) were plated on 96-well tissue culture plates and incubated overnight at 37 °C with 5% CO 2 . At 24 hrs, varying concentrations of melphalan (doses: 100 uM to 1 uM) or bortezomib (doses: 100 nM to 1 nM) were added to each well. After 48 hrs of culture, the MTT assay was performed. Each test was run in triplicate. When using the GDM-1 cell line, the addition of melphalan alone (1 uM) resulted in 80% viability (+/− 1.7%), while bortezomib alone (1 nM) yielded 86% viability (+/− 3.6%). An increased dose of each medication decreased the viability of the GDM-1 cells. An increased dose of Melphalan (3 uM) reduced the viability to 23% (+/− 4.2 %). The viability dropped to 62% (+/− 4.9 %) with an increased dose of Bortezomib (3 nM). After combining the medications, the inhibitory activity against the GDM-1 cells required lower doses then either drug alone. For example, melphalan (1uM) with bortezomib (1 nM) reduced the viability of GDM-1 cells to 20% (+/− 2.8%); While melphalan (3 uM) and bortezomib (3 nM) further suppressed the viability to 3.7 % (+/−2.5 %). Similar results were found using the Kasumi-1 AML cell line. These results demonstrate the potential synergy of the combination of bortezomib with melphalan against AML cells. These preclinical results are currently being tested in a clinical trial using low dose melphalan with bortuzimab in elderly AML and MDS patients.


Objective To prepare compound metronidazole and chlorhexidine acetate suppositories and evaluate the quality.Methods Fatty glyceride and camphor were used as the vehicle.Metronidazole and chlorhexidine acetate were used as main ingredient.The quality of the suppositories were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) on C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) with methanol and 10 mmol·L-1 sodium heptanesulfonate(containing 0.3% triethylamine,pH adjusted to 4.0 by phosphoric acid)(70:30:0.3) as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1 mL·min-1 and detecting wavelength was 260 nm.Results The quality of the suppositories can be evaluated by characteristics,identification,and content assay.The linear range of metronidazole and chlorhexidine acetate was 8.94-107.28 and 0.764 8-8.952 0 μg·mL-1,and the average recovery was 100.2%(RSD=0.5%) and 100.2%(RSD=1.0%),respectively.Conclusion The preparation technique is simple.The determination method is rapid,simple and accurate,and can be used for the quality control of suppository.


Epileptic encephalopathies of infancy are difficult-to-treat destructive cases of epilepsy in infants and young children, which include the two clinical observations of Coppola – Dulac syndrome (malignant migrating partial attacks of infancy) given in this article. Epileptic encephalopathies are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by the presence of a convulsive syndrome and are accompanied by cognitive and behavioral disorders. As a result of intensive development of methods of molecular genetic research, ideas about the causes of epilepsy in children began to change, this fact led to the fact that the international League against epilepsy replaced the term "idiopathic epilepsy" with "genetic epilepsy". To date, about 60 phenotypic variants of early epileptic encephalopathies have been registered in children, including those associated with mutations of genes that regulate the functions of voltage-dependent calcium and sodium channels. In our work, we consider clinical observations of genetic epileptic encephalopathies caused by mutations in the CACNA1A and SCN8A genes, respectively, which are channelopathy. Malignant migrating partial attacks of infancy (infant epilepsy with migrating focal attacks, Coppola – Dulac syndrome) are manifested at an early age, from the first days to 6 months of life, and are characterized by typical multifocal attacks with a tendency to change hemispheres and involve opposite limbs. G. Coppola based on the analysis of their own observations, described in 1995 a new age – dependent epileptic syndrome, introducing a definition for it – "migrating partial attacks of infancy". Currently, it is recommended to use the term "infant epilepsy with migrating focal seizures". We present our own clinical and neurophysiological observations of this rare syndrome.


Hipparcos parallaxes will play a major role in the astrophysical applications of the Hipparcos results and in this respect their accuracy is more important than their precision, at least for all the investigations of statistical character. In this Chapter, the systematic errors of the Hipparcos astrometric parameters, including the parallaxes, are evaluated by examining the possible sources of bias arising in the data reduction process. Then, the external errors of the parallaxes are further studied on the basis of individual or statistical comparisons to ground-based distances. The validity of the Hipparcos standard errors are investigated as well.


From studies of various aspects of beer-spoilage bacteria, we concluded that "unknown beer-spoilers" would be very harmful to the establishment of better quality assurance in breweries. Thus, the following studies were carried out. First, we explored unknown beer-spoilers. Four new beer-spoilage bacteria (BS-1, ID20–1, 8019, and EM-63) were isolated from the environment of breweries. The information about their growth characteristic suggested that the new beer-spoilers could not be detected sufficiently by the conventional colony count method. Second, we developed a rapid and practical method for prediction of beer-spoilage ability. Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), BLb (for beer-spoilage strains in Lactobacillus brevis), BG (for those in L. lindneri), and PQ (for those in Pediococcus damnosus) were developed for prediction of the beer-spoilage ability of lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, these antibodies also reacted to three of the new beer-spoilage lactobacilli (BS-1, ID20–1, and 8019), as was to be expected. Third, we developed a high-performance device for detection of all beer-spoilers. The MicroStar-RMDS-SPS, developed in collaboration with Nippon Millipore, detected not only well-known beer-spoilers (L. brevis, P. damnosus, and Pectinatus frisingensis), but also the new beer-spoilers (ID20–1, 8019, and EM-63) within two days. Thus, we expect that these MAbs and the MicroStar-RMDS-SPS could prove useful in detection of beer-spoilage bacteria, including unknown beer-spoilers that may be found in the future. Now, they are used in practically all of our breweries.


ABSTRACT The study seeks to explore the influence of university-enterprise collaboration orientation on university's performance. Specifically, the study investigates the effects of alliance scanning, alliance coordination, and alliance learning on university's innovative performance and market performance. The effects were tested on the sample of 191 managers of 37 universities in Vietnam with a survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for testing these effects. The results show that all dimensions of alliance orientation including alliance scanning, alliance coordination, and alliance learning are significantly correlated with innovative performance. For market performance, only alliance coordination and alliance learning are significantly relevant to, but alliance scanning has a non-significant effect. As the pioneering study examing the effect of dimensions of university-enterprise alliance orientation on university's innovative performance and market performance, this study extends the extant literature, particularly the modest research domain of university-enterprise cooperation. The study also added empirical evidence of Vietnamese context – an underexplored Asian developing context for studies of university-industry linkages which is vastly different from other contexts like developed Western economies. Furthermore, it offered a revised measure of market performance of university that will be useful for future research.


As a matter of civil rights, Title IX mandates that federally funded educational institutions address reports of sexual assault. Often disciplined-student plaintiffs argue unsuccessfully that the college or university's decision to discipline them is tainted by "reverse" sex discrimination. This Article examines the recent spate of disciplined-student cases in an effort to harmonize Title IX compliance with the procedural rights of students accused of sexual assault. It provides a historical context for Title IX's application to sexual assault on campuses and the requirements the law imposes on the educational institutions. Next, it describes the role Title IX plays in disciplined-student cases and how these plaintiffs have more success challenging disciplinary procedures and outcomes using due process, administrative law, and breach of contract claims. Finally, the Article argues that neither the fact of litigation by disciplined students nor the examples of their occasional success undermines Title IX and its application to sexual assault. Such litigation is not evidence of a problem with Title IX or a reason to withdraw universities' responsibility to engage a prompt and equitable response to sexual assault.


An analysis of a sample of interfaces of OPACs is presented, particularly those aspects that concern the search that more difficulties raises: the access by subjects. The chosen sample includes twenty catalogues of university libraries of Spain and Latin America in Spanish and with different systems. The studied points are the subject access from the first screen of the catalogue, the search process, the presentation of the set of results obtained, the information given on each recovered document and the reformulation of the search. Screen captures are shown as a representative example of the different aspects analyzed.


Information hiding techniques have received much attention in the fields of the copyright protection and covert communication etc. This paper proposes a new data hiding method in a still image. With color quantization technique, redundant space in a color still image is created, and the palette of the image is amended. Then secret information is embedded into the most significant bit of pixels of the still image, including the most significant bit and the second significant bit. The result of the experiment shows that the new information hiding technique has properties such as high security, strong robustness and high embedding capacity.


The paper is aimed at the problem of participation in organizations. The theoretical framework of empirical analysis is based on the model of Sashkin, that is defined in four areas of participation: 1. establishment of goals, 2. decision-making, 3. problem solving, 4. development and implementation of change. The research design was constructed as differencies testing between 1. importance (need) of participation (preferred state) and 2. satisfaction with opportunities for participation (real state) – MANOVA (2 x 8-9).


The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Commission or NRC) requires high assurance of adequate protection of public health and safety and the common defense and security for the storage of spent nuclear fuel. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the NRC has achieved this requisite high assurance for all independent spent fuel storage installations (ISFSIs) through a combination of existing security regulations and the issuance of new security orders to individual licensees. However, the NRC's current security regulations for ISFSIs are quite complex and pose challenges both to NRC staff and to the regulated industry. This regulatory complexity is due to multiple factors, including: two different types of ISFSI licenses (general licenses and specific licenses) and varying applicability of regulations based upon whether the ISFSI is collocated with an operating power reactor, collocated with a decommissioning power reactor, or is located away from any power reactors. The NRC's ISFSI security regulations were last comprehensively updated in the early 1990s. Moreover, the nature and characteristics of the threat environment have evolved significantly since that time. The Commission has directed the NRC staff to begin development of a risk-informed and performancebased update to the ISFSI security regulations which will enhance the ISFSI security regulations, while continuing to ensure the common defense and security and public health and safety are adequately protected under the current threat environment. The NRC staff is developing the technical bases supporting this ISFSI security rulemaking. The NRC's specific goals for this rulemaking are to update ISFSI security requirements to apply consistently to both types of ISFSI licensees, to improve the clarity of NRC regulations, to generically incorporate the provisions of the post-9/11 security orders, and to incorporate the Commission's direction on several specific policy issues. The Commission has directed the NRC staff to accomplish this effort in a manner to strongly encourage public and stakeholder input.


Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), renowned for their rapid deployment, extensive data collection, and high spatial resolution, are crucial in locating distressed individuals during search and rescue (SAR) operations. Challenges in maritime search and rescue include missed detections due to issues including sunlight reflection. In this study, we proposed an enhanced ABT-YOLOv7 algorithm for underwater person detection. This algorithm integrates an asymptotic feature pyramid network (AFPN) to preserve the target feature information. The BiFormer module enhances the model's perception of small-scale targets, whereas the task-specific context decoupling (TSCODE) mechanism effectively resolves conflicts between localization and classification. Using quantitative experiments on a curated dataset, our model outperformed methods such as YOLOv3, YOLOv4, YOLOv5, YOLOv8, Faster R-CNN, Cascade R-CNN, and FCOS. Compared with YOLOv7, our approach enhances the mean average precision (mAP) from 87.1% to 91.6%. Therefore, our approach reduces the sensitivity of the detection model to low-lighting conditions and sunlight reflection, thus demonstrating enhanced robustness. These innovations have driven advancements in UAV technology within the maritime search and rescue domains.


Stem segments of Phyla nodiflora are induced to callus in the MS+BA 0.8mg/L+2,4-D 0.5mg/L medium.The effect of differentiation is the best in MS+BA 1mg/L+GA 3mg/L+IAA 0.2mg/L medium with viability rate of 18.8 buds and thus a highly efficient asexual system is built.Seedlings derived from callus are cultivated in 1/2MS+IAA 0.2mg/L medium and a large number of root seedlings from aerial roots are obtained.They are easy to grow by transplanting to or by making a cuttage in the river sand or stove ashes after being tempered.The rate of viability amounts to 100%.Though tissue culture of Phyla nodiflora,we can get plenty of plantlets for reproduction.


The damaged Area by tsunami at the great east Japan earthquake in 2011 was observed by the airborne X-band SAR system (Pi-SAR2). In this paper we describe the polarimetric character of the damaged area and detect the damaged area from the SAR image on March. Moreover we use the change of SAR images between March and August to evaluate the damaged area detected by the polarimetric character.


This paper tackles the task of estimating the topology of filamentary networks such as retinal vessels and road networks. Building on top of a global model that performs a dense semantical classification of the pixels of the image, we design a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that predicts the local connectivity between the central pixel of an input patch and its border points. By iterating this local connectivity we sweep the whole image and infer the global topology of the filamentary network, inspired by a human delineating a complex network with the tip of their finger.
We perform an extensive and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative evaluation on two tasks: retinal veins and arteries topology extraction and road network estimation. In both cases, represented by two publicly available datasets (DRIVE and Massachusetts Roads), we show superior performance to very strong baselines.


This work takes into consideration the influence of work, i.e.a. "failure" of ball bearings, upon the work of the overhead conveyor. Highlighted is the need to know the characteristics of tribological processes in ball bearings to accomplish their lubrication and maintenance successfully. The work of the overhead conveyor in the factory IPM "Zmaj" was taken as an example for analysing the time component of a failure of the bearings and its influence on the readiness of the overhead conveyor.


On the basis of a study of the rearrangement with alkali of various α-halogenated 20-keto steroids in a variety of media, and in accord with data from the literature, a unifying explanation of the complex results obtained in Favorsky rearrangements of α-halogenated acetyl cycloalkanes is put forward.


Turkish natural clinoptilolites were examined to evaluate their ion exchange performance for the removal of copper, nickel and cobalt ions by performing both batch and packed column experiments. Initial metal solutions were prepared using metal nitrate solutions at various concentrations. All of the experiments were carried out at 29C. Before performing the ion exchange experiments zeolites were characterized and their clinoptilolite contents were determined quantitatively as 80 and 64 % for zeolites named as CP1 and CP2, respectively. The copper exchange capacities of CP1 and CP2 were determined from equilibrium studies as 10.01 mg (0.32 meq) Cu / g CP1 and 8.33 mg (0.262 meq) Cu / g CP2. Ion exchange capacity of CP2 zeolite was determined as 6.64 mg (0.226 meq) Ni / g and 4.55 mg (0.154 meq) Co / g. The equilibrium behaviour of the system was best described by Langmuir model. Experiments were designed to investigate the optimum parameters and significance of the interactions between these parameters. In column studies, the parameters such as packing height, inlet metal concentration and flow rate were investigated. The concentration of the metals in the sample solutions which were taken from the exit of the ion exchange column at specific time intervals were analyzed by using Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Afterwards, by making use of the data obtained from ICP-OES, breakthrough curves were constructed. By the help of these curves, breakthrough capacity and ion exchange capacity of natural zeolites were calculated. The ion exchange capacity of CP2 zeolite was calculated as 8.04 mg Cu/g CP2, which was consistent with the capacity calculated from batch experiments, 8.33 mg Cu/g CP2. Also, breakthrough points were determined. Furthermore, solid phase was also analysed for determining its crystal structure and chemical composition using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) devices (Philips XL 30S FEG). In addition to these, natural zeolite particles which have been ion exchanged throughout this process were regenerated using 0.2M and 1.7M of NaCl solutions. According to regeneration studies, it was determined that 94 and 95% of copper were recovered within the first 100 minutes for both experiments. After the experiments were performed, model equations were applied to the system in order to be able to investigate the dynamic behavior of the system. As a result of this simulation, breakthrough was well predicted.


The crystal growth of CdSiAs2 by chemical transport was investigated by using I2, and CdCl2 and CdBr2 as the source of Cl2 and Br2 respectively, for the transport agent. The plate and needle form crystals were grown at the growth zone by CdBr2, while no growth by I2. In case by CdCl2, no transport occurs and the biggest single crystal with the dimensions of 8×3×2 mm3 was obtained at the source zone. The single crystals transported by using CdBr2 had a good-quality judged from no hollow in the crystals and photoluminescence measurement, although the dimensions did not exceed those by CdCl2. The bulk crystal boules were grown by vapor-liquid-solid growth process using CdBr2. The result suggests a possibility of growing a large-size and good-quality single crystal of CdSiAs2.


In order to reduce redundant similarity computation and improve mapping discovery, a new algorithm for ontology mapping reuse is proposed, in which the similarity between the concepts to be measured and the concepts in the existing mapping can be inferred. First of all, we establish a semantic two diagram between the conceptual contours. Then, the similarity of adjacent concepts is obtained by the best matching of two graphs. Finally, inspired by similar transmissions between adjacent concepts, new mappings between concepts are determined by existing mappings of adjacent similar concepts. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by experiments.


Numerous Industrial Ethernets are standardized in IEC 61158–IEC 61784. Few provide network redundancy and none provides a redundancy method that is independent of the upper layer protocols. To provide protocol-independent redundancy in (substation) automation networks, IEC SC65C working group 15 produced the IEC 62439 standard series that defines redundancy methods in switched Ethernet networks applicable to a variety of industrial networks, with different solutions depending on the real-time behaviour and on the level of redundancy desired. This paper describes IEC 62439–3 Clause 5 (HSR), a redundancy method applicable to hard real time systems, based on full duplication of the transmitted information and flooding of the network, with recognition and removal of duplicates in each node. This method is applied to a ring, but can be extended to more complex topologies, in particular rings of rings. Its first application is in substation automation based on the IEC 61850 standard which references HSR for applications where redundancy is required.


Since the main observation objects of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) are non-cooperative targets and the number of ISAR images is limited due to the observation conditions, it is difficult to meet the requirements of training data on automatic target recognition methods based on depth learning. Existing ISAR image target recognition methods based on deep neural network achieve poor performance because of the insufficient training samples, this paper proposes a deep neural network based on transfer learning to alleviate this problem. The transfer network unit can learn relevant knowledge from the optical image field and transfer to the ISAR image recognition field to alleviate the problem of data sparsity, so as to improve the recognition accuracy. We conducts several experiments to verify the proposed method. The experimental results show that our proposed method performs better compared with the traditional CNN based method.


This paper describes a section of an integrated diagnostic monitor system which facilitates the checking of sections of instructions or subroutines anywhere in the object program. A new method of specifying all diagnostic operations in a format similar to a computer program makes the system convenient to use and relatively simple to understand. The paper also describes a number of other novel diagnostic features which can be included in the system.


We examined radiation hardness of a stacked transmission-gate flip flop and a stacked tristate-inverter flip flop, which are called STACKEDTGFF and STACKEDTIFF respectively. Stacked flip flops fabricated in FDSOI are stronger against soft errors than in bulk because all transistor channels are isolated by a BOX layer. We evaluated soft-error tolerance by neutron and heavy-ion irradiation. STACKEDTIFF is faster than STACKEDTGFF because of the difference of the number of gates along the data path. Those FFs did not flip by neutrons and the normal incidence of heavy ions with LET of less than 40 MeV-cm2mg. They are stronger against soft errors than a standard TGFF by two order of magnitude. We also investigated incident angle dependence of those FFs by heavy ions.


Teaser : the spread rate of a virus usually depends on population density. Whether the spread rate of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with population density? What's the performance of human control and prevention measures in regions with different population densities? This study will answer these questions.


Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the early incidence of postoperative complication and renal pelvic pressure during minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Methods:The renal pelvic pressure of seventy complex renal calculi patients were monitored during minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Then the patients were separated into two groups according to the renal pelvic pressure,the postoperational fever,the pain and the perirenal fluid collection were analyzed.Results:The average body temperature was higher in high pelvic pressure group than that in low pelvic pressure group from the first day to the fourth day after operation(P0.05).Also the lumbago was more serious and the incidence of perirenal fluid collection was much higher in high pelvic pressure group than that in low pelvic pressure group(P0.05).Conclusions:The incidence of early postoperational complications was related to renal pelvic pressure during minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Controling the renal pelvic pressure during operation had positive meaning for decreasing the incidence of early postoperational complications.


Among the papers in this issue of Comparative Education, two are concerned with the Bologna Process and its interpretation in differing contexts, two focus on policy transfer, 'borrowing', or convergence (topics also touched on in other papers), and two deal with aspects of education in countries of eastern Europe. Together with studies of conflict and methodology, and citizenship education, they constitute a range of coverage that would have appealed to the renowned comparativist Wolfgang Mitter, whose death was announced in October 2014 and whose many achievements are recalled and celebrated below. All of these topics would have resonated with him, relating as they do to the many areas of inquiry in comparative education in which he excelled as researcher, teacher, and administrator. Elizabeth Agbor Eta's paper discusses recent work on policy borrowing and transfer (which has always been an important theme in comparative studies and which has increased in significance in recent years) and uses it as a framework in which to discuss the adoption – voluntary or imposed? – of the philosophy of the Bologna Process in the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa and in the higher education system of Cameroon in particular. Dennis Soltys is sanguine about the Bologna principles within the context of 'post-socialist' European and Asian states. Top-down, ministry-led reform, he argues, results in a retardation of university and community development, in contrast to the 'empowering and democratising' intended in the western European interpretations. The two papers contribute both to the continuing analysis of the Bologna Process and to an understanding of the transfer of ideas and policies from one context to another. The borrowing theme and that of the centrality of context (here specifically culture) continue in the paper by Charlene Tan. Here the focus is on China's selective policy borrowing from the West and the argument – of interest to analyses of context in matters of educational transfer – is for an appreciation of the epistemological foundations of culture as exemplified in Chinese attitudes to the transmission of knowledge. The paper adds to the critique of studies based on world-culture and policy convergence theories. Education in post-conflict situations is another theme which now has an impressive body of literature on the basis of which theory might be constructed and projects conceptualized. Robin Shields and Julia Paulson have established credentials in this important area of inquiry, and their present paper, which engages critically with conclusions in UNESCO's 2011 Education for All Global Monitoring Report and the 2012 Human Security Report, argues – on the basis of detailed statistical analysis – for a more complex and rigorous appreciation of the complexities of state fragility, conflict, and education. It will be read with profit by those grappling with methodology in the study of conflict and its impact on educational development.


The two‐dimensional electrostatic modeling capability of the ANSYS finite element program is used in the design of the coax‐to‐parallel plate microwave transformer. Its two‐dimensional axisymmetric capability is used in the design of a laser‐triggered coaxial Blumlein spark gap. Finally, its three‐dimensional magnetic modeling ability is used to model a large dipole magnet (the Chicago cyclotron magnet). The results of the calculations compare well with measurements for two of the above cases.


Introduction Criteria for selection of tissue/ organism Enzyme solubilization techniques Techniques used for enzyme isolation Methods of enzyme purification Fractionation of the proteins on the basis of solubility in aqueous solutions of salts or organic solvents Chromatographic separation of the enzyme proteins Ion exchange chromatography Adsorption chromatography Gel filtration (Molecular sieve) chromatography Affinity chromatography Chromatofocusing Electrophoretic techniques Isoelectrofocusing Miscelleneous Ultrafiltration Dialysis Crystallization Criteria of purity of the enzyme protein Preparation of purification table Characterization of enzymes Determination of molecular weight of the enzyme protein Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for subunit molecular weight determination Sulfhydryl groups determination Absorption spectrum Amino acid composition End groups determination Chemical modification studies


Abstract This study investigated the information technology (IT) security practices and prevention techniques of restaurants. A random sample of 1,143 restaurant IT managers were selected from the Hospitality Technology Magazine subscribers. The survey was completed by 116 restaurant information technology (IT) managers. Twenty-four percent of the restaurant networks had a computer network attack within the last 12 months. On average, the restaurants received 1-5 network attacks within the last 12 months. A security index (SI), the total number of security tools utilized, was created for each respondent. The size of the restaurant (number of units) was positively correlated with the security index, and the total number of network security tools utilized by restaurants. Regarding attack types, "Virus Attack" (71.4%) was reported most frequently, followed by "Insider Abuse of Net Access" (57.1%) and "Laptop Theft" (42.9%), and "Spoofing" (39.3%). In terms of protection from these attacks, restaurant IT managers reported that the most used protection tool is antivirus software (86.2%), hardware firewall (79.3%) and physical security (75.9%). The least used network security tools are honeypots (7.7%) and biometrics (14.8%). The study concludes with suggestions for restaurants as to how to improve network security as well as provide recommendations for future research in this area.


In order to meet intelligent factory safety requirements, a safety monitoring system based on multi-attribute face recognition is introduced in this paper. The multi-attribute face recognition model is obtained by fine-tuning Resnet-50, which is applied in the mobile robot platform. When the target appears in the field of monitoring area, the multiple attributes of the target can be detected by the model. Then, the system makes the appropriate decision according to the predicted result. The experiments show that the multiple attributes of the target face can be recognized by the model. In particular, whether the target wears a helmet or not can be detected by the monitoring system. Further, the safety of intelligent factory would be improved, reducing the reliance on labor force.


Crack growth studies on silica glass were conducted as a function of pH in the range I to 14. The slope of the crack growth data were found to be steeper in acidic and neutral solutions than in basic solutions. Of four alkali metal hydroxide solutions studied, only lithium hydroxide behaved differently from the others and only in concentrated, Z1 M, solutions. At this concentration, the slope and position of the crack growth curve for LiOH were typical of that obtained in acidic or neutral solutions. From an analysis of the data in terms of a surface force model of crack growth, we suggest that surface forces have a similar range and magnitude to the cohesive forces that bind the silica together. As a consequence of these large forces, we also suggest that the influence of alkali metal hydroxides on crack growth is largely chemical in nature, involving short range forces associated with the breaking of bonds at the crack tip. Two mechanisms for chemical attack are considered: in basic solutions the siloxane bonds at the crack tip are believed to be attacked directly by the hydroxide ions in solution; in acidic or neutral solutions the siloxane bonds are believed to be attacked by water in the electrolyte. Lithium hydroxide behaves differently from the others because lithium ions associate with hydroxide ions, reducing the effective activity of the hydroxide ions at the crack tip.


The surveys of animals for brucellosis in Poland are primarily based on serological tests. The examinations are performed by regional laboratories using RBT. In the case of positive results obtained in this test the samples are examined in SAT and CFT. The definitive confirmatory investigations are conducted by the National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis in the Department of Microbiology of NVRI in Pulawy, which additionally uses Coombs' test, 2-Me test and ELISA. In the paper results of the examination of cattle in Poland in the years 2005–2014 are shown. Each year during examination period 130–420 cows were involved in confirmatory investigations and 6–34 animals were classified as positive for brucellosis. In bacteriological examinations of samples from seropositive cows, B. abortus has never been isolated. Only in 2006 B. suis biovar 2 has been recovered from the bovine internal organs. B. melitensis has never been reported and according to the Commission Decision from 2006, Poland has been regarded as 'Brucellosis officially free country'. At the moment, the aim of the ongoing testing is to maintain the B. melitensis free country status. Sheep and goats are tested using RBT. Samples reacting positive in the RBT are retested in the National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis (NRL) using again RBT and CFT. Up to now all samples tested in NRL were finally regarded as negative. Ovine epididymitis (B. ovis) has been also reported in Poland. Diagnosis of the disease is based on the serological examination by complement fixation test (CFT) using the antigen obtained from the rough strain of B. ovis REO198. Similarly, examinations based on the antigen obtained from B. canis are conducted in dogs (rapid slide agglutination test – RSAT and slow agglutination test – SAT), but brucellosis in this species of animals has never been confirmed in Poland. Regarding the situation in porcine brucellosis, there were some outbreaks several years ago and active monitoring of pigs is performed. In general, positive results are mainly connected with false positive serological reactions (FPSR) due to Y. enterocolitica O:9. There is no active monitoring of brucellosis in the wildlife animals in Poland but samples are taken during the hunting season and tested for scientific purposes. When testing 4407 samples of the wild boar sera, 1077 sera reacted positive in ELISA. Also research done on hare sera several years ago indicated very similar percentage of the positives. These data show that the wildlife is a huge reservoir of the Brucella and it could play a role in an epidemiology of brucellosis also in domestic animals.


Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a Gram-positive bacterium that is responsible for a wide range of human infections, including pharyngitis and tonsillitis, skin infections (impetigo, erysipelas, and cellulitis), sepsis, osteomyelitis, a toxic-shock syndrome, and necrotizing fasciitis (1). The organism is also responsible for nonsuppurative sequelae such as acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. Globally, GAS causes extensive human morbidity and mortality (1). In the US, approximately 10,000 cases of severe invasive GAS disease occur each year. Direct costs associated with pharyngitis in the US have been estimated to be $1 billion annually. Although antibiotic treatment has largely eliminated rheumatic fever and subsequent rheumatic heart disease in North America and Western Europe, these crippling forms of heart disease are still very common in the developing world and in certain indigenous populations in developed countries.

The resurgence of GAS as a cause of serious human infections in the US, Europe, and elsewhere in the 1980s and into the 1990s has been thoroughly documented and has heightened public awareness about this organism (1). Disease resurgence, coupled with the lack of a licensed GAS vaccine and ongoing concern about acquisition of penicillin resistance, has stimulated renewed interest in the molecular pathogenesis of GAS disease. The return of GAS as a cause of serious infections was a strong reminder that biomedical science knows relatively little about the evolutionary and other forces that drive temporal variation in bacterial disease frequency and severity. GAS's revival has also taught the importance of understanding the molecular basis of pathogen variation, not merely as a means to discriminate between clinically relevant strains, but to provide data relevant to pathogenesis, host adaptation, and the origin of new pathogenic forms. In this Perspective, we highlight certain aspects of the genetic variation present in GAS, and we stress the biomedical relevance of this diversity.


Serum levels of IL-17A, IL-33, zinc, iron and adenosine deaminase were assessed in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. IL-17A, IL-33 and adenosine deaminase were significantly increased in patients compared to healthy subjects. In contrast zinc and iron were decreased in sera of patients. These results suggest a role of IL-17A and IL-33 in the pathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis.


Introduction: NextGen technologies promise to provide considerable benefits in terms of enhancing operations and improving safety. However, there needs to be a thorough human factors evaluation of the way these systems will change the way in which pilot and controllers share information. The likely impact of these new technologies on pilot/controller coordinated decision making is considered in this paper using the "operational, informational and evaluative disconnect" framework. Method: Five participant focus groups were held. Participants were four experts in human factors, between x and x research students and a technical expert. The participant focus group evaluated five key NextGen technologies to identify issues that made different disconnects more or less likely. Results: Issues that were identified were: Decision Making will not necessarily improve because pilots and controllers possess the same information; Having a common information source does not mean pilots and controllers are looking at the same information; High levels of automation may lead to disconnects between the technology and pilots/controllers; Common information sources may become the definitive source for information; Overconfidence in the automation may lead to situations where appropriate breakdowns are not initiated. Discussion: The issues that were identified lead to recommendations that need to be considered in the development of NextGen technologies. The current state of development of these technologies provides a good opportunity to utilize recommendations at an early stage so that NextGen technologies do not lead to difficulties in resolving breakdowns in coordinated decision making.


Semiconducting oxides with reducible cations are ideal platforms for various functional applications in nanoelectronics and catalysts. In this work, we explore an ultrathin oxide under the atomic limit with monolayer...


Compressive sensing (CS) is a new signal acquisition technique for sparse and compressible signals. Rather than uniformly sampling the signal, CS computes inner products with randomized basis functions; the signal is then recovered by a convex optimization. Random CS measurements are universal in the sense that the same acquisition system is sufficient for signals sparse in any representation. This paper examines the quantization of strictly sparse, power-limited signals and concludes that CS with scalar quantization uses its allocated rate inefficiently. The results complement related work on the quantization of CS measurements of compressible signals.


We derive the radial acceleration of stars in galaxies by using basic features of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics and general relativity. We assume that the "dark" component of the radial acceleration is originated from the reaction of dark energy to the presence of baryonic matter. It can be also explained as the macroscopic manifestation of a huge number of extremely soft bosonic excitations of the dark energy medium with wavelength larger than the size of the cosmological horizon, in thermal equilibrium with de Sitter spacetime. Our formula agrees with the phenomenological relation proposed by McGaugh et al. which, in turns, fits a large amount of observational data and with the MOND theory. We also show that our formula appears as the weak field limit of Einstein's general relativity sourced by an anisotropic fluid.


A new method is presented for the measurement of normal incident sound absorption characteristics of materials using an acoustic tube. As the measuring principle, by measuring the signals of sound pressure at two points in the acoustic tube using two microphones, and by processing these signals either in time domain or in frequency domain, the incident wave and the reflected wave are equivalently separated. For the sound source, any of pure tone, random noise or impulse can be used in this measuring method. As a result of the experimental study by making measurements on two types of sound absorbing materials, it is ascertained that almost the same results can be obtained by this method as those measured by the ordinary standing wave method.


ABSTRACT Schools are functioning in an era of rapid change and increasing mobility. In an effort to mobilize the organizational structure to meet the standards being dictated by society, the school district reorganized the administrative structure to emphasize decentralized decision-making for direct educational functions. The hypothesis was made that teachers would perceive a change in bureaucratic structure, organizational processes, and schocd. effectiveness. A single classification of variance procedure across the pretest and posttest scores for the 19 dependent variables revealed limited support for the hypothesis. (Author)


In this study we reconstruct quantitatively the Middle to Upper Miocene climate evolution in the southern Forecarpathian Basin (Central Paratethys area, Northwest Bulgaria) by applying the coexistence approach to 101 well-dated palynofloras isolated from three cores. The climatic evolution is compared with changes in vegetation and palaeogeography. The Middle Miocene was a period of a subtropical/warm–temperate humid climate with mean annual temperature (MAT) between 16 and 18°C and mean annual precipitation (MAP) between 1100 and 1300 mm. Thereby, during the entire Middle Miocene a trend of slightly decreasing temperatures is observed and only small climate fluctuations occur which are presumably related to palaeogeographic reorganisations. The vegetation shows a corresponding trend with a decrease in abundance of palaeotropic and thermophilous elements. The Upper Miocene is characterised by more diverse climatic conditions, probably depending on palaeogeographic and global climatic transformations. The beginning of this period is marked by a slight cooling and a significant drying of the climate, with MAT 13.3–17°C and MAP 652–759 mm. After that, fluctuations of all palaeoclimate parameters occur displaying cycles of humid/dryer and warmer/cooler conditions, which are again well reflected in the vegetation. Our study provides a first quantitative model of the Middle–Upper Miocene palaeoclimate evolution in Southeastern Europe and is characterised by a relatively high precision and resolution with respect to the climate data and stratigraphy.


As an embranchment of translation, subtitle translation has its own features and constraints. Thus, specific translation strategies need to be adopted in translating the subtitles. This thesis will give an in-depth analysis to the strategies of subtitle translation from the perspective of Relevance Theory. With a case study on the subtitle translation of the American TV series Desperate Housewives, a conclusion is drawn that Relevance Theory is a favorable theoretical guidance in subtitle translation.


Abstract Visual Management (VM) is an important Lean method to enhance information flow and reduce waste in construction. However, its adoption is hindered by several barriers. Scientific works mention that emerging technologies can support or replace conventional VM practices, but empirical evidence is missing. Based on an in-depth literature review, we derived the research questions (RQs), arguing if Augmented Reality (AR) could mitigate VM implementation barriers. Thus, a corresponding AR measurement model was developed. Through a case study of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) installations in a multi-story apartment building, the RQs were answered using an AR head-mounted display (HMD). To gather the necessary empirical evidence, the data was collected through direct observations on-site and through semi-structured interviews. The study findings show that (1) AR provided time savings and generally satisfactory accuracy levels. (2) AR demonstrably reduced the training effort to better support MEP marking work. (3) The use of AR reduced the resistance to change to adopt VM practices, although concerns were raised about poor ergonomics and work safety risks. Future research activities should consist of investigating the potential of other emerging technologies to overcome the common Lean implementation barriers in construction.


The creation method of delaunay triangulation for mine area and gob area is discussed.The method for calculating ore body reserve in the gob of mined area is proposed.It provides a new way to exploitation and remaining reserves of ore body.The example proves that the algorithm is correct and effective.


Overview The SciDAC Center for Technology for Advanced Scientific Computing Software (TASCS) focuses on developing tools, components and best practices for developing high quality, reusable high-performance computing software. TASCS fosters the Co mmon Component Architecture (CCA) through a community forum that involves a wide range of participants. The CCA environment aims to bring compone nt-based software development techniques and tools, which are commonplace in the computing industry, to high performance computing. To do so, several challenges are being addressed including parallelism, performance, and efficient handling of large datasets. The CCA has produced a specification that allows components to be deployed and reused in a highly extensible yet efficient parallel environment. The primary advantage of this component-base d approach is the separate development of simulation algorithms, models, and infrastructure. This allows the pieces of a complex simulation to evolve indepe ndently, thereby helping a system grow intelligently as technologies mature. The CCA tools have been used to improve productivity and increase capa bilities for HPC software in meshing, solvers, and computational chemistry, among other applications. TASCS supports a range of core technologies for using components in high-performance simula tion software, including the Caffeine framework, the Babel interoperability tool, and the Bocca development environment for HPC components. In additio n, the CCA helps provide access to tools for performance analysis, for coupling parallel simulations, for mixing distributed and parallel computing, and for ensuring software quality in complex parallel simulations. These tools can help tame the complexity of utilizing parallel computation, especially for sophisticated applications that integrate multiple software packages, physical simulation regimes or solution techniques. We will discuss some of these tools and show how they have been used to solve HPC programming challenges. The component-based software engineering (CBSE)[1] methodology has been developed to facilitate the understanding, development, and evolution of large-scale software systems. By emphasizing strong encapsulation of code with well defined interfaces between modules, a component approach pr ovides a way of decomposing software into units that are conceptually manageable, and that interact in specific and easily understood ways. These characteristics also facilitate the design and evolution of large, complex software s ystems by distinguishing between the functional specification of a component (fixed or slowly changing) and its implementation (possibly more rapidly changing , or even having multiple implementations). With thoughtful design of interfaces, component approaches can promote software reuse and interoperability. The encapsulation of components makes them useful in …


The sleeve cable force sensor based on magnetoelastic effect has developed rapidly in recent years, and has been widely used in the field of bridge cable force measurement in China. Existing sleeve cable force sensor needs to be installed at the beginning of construction, so it is difficult to reinstall them later, and its long-term performance is also difficult to evaluate and measure online. To solve this problem, the tension measurement of the designed by-pass excitation cable force sensor is carried out, and the influence of signal line length and ambient temperature on the measurement results is analyzed. The results show that the designed by-pass excitation cable force sensor has high linearity, which is expected to solve the problem of the existing sleeve cable force sensor.


Complementary alternative medicine therapy is a medical practice group and health which is considered as part of conventional treatment. Many studies indicate the frequent use of complementary alternative therapy by patients affected by chronic illness. It is used by neurologic disorder patients like stroke, compared with non neurologic disorder like hypnosis, yoga, herbal therapy, and acupunture. In their service to stroke patients, nurses play their role in giving information and education concerning complementary alternative therapy. Indonesian nurses are beginning to use this method in their practices so that many of them participate in training about it. The objective of the research was to explore nurses ' experience in applying complementary alternative medicine in stroke patients in West Sumatera. The research used descriptive phenomenological approach with 14 nurses. The data werw gathered by conducting in-depth interviews, guided interview, and filed records and analyzed by using Collaizzimethode (1978) through seven stages. The study found there were seven themes as follows: increase capability take care of patients, assist cope patient complaint, nurse give information about therapy alternative to patients, nurses give therapy as standard, add finances and relations, feel happiness and satisfaction, and barrier applying alternative therapy. The themes in  in this research were new themes in qualitative research related to nurses ' experience in applying complementary alternative therapy in stroke patients .


Based on data from the Ministry of Health, the distribution ratio between health workers and patients in Indonesia is still not equal distributed. It influenced by the distribution of health human resources that are not in accordance with the ideal needs of health services. This results need to identify the profile of the availability of health human resources in Indonesia. In this study, an approach will be implemented to identify the profile of health human resources availability using K-Means Clustering with a combination of pillar algorithms in optimizing the selection of the initial cluster centroid. Chi-square analysis is used to determine the disparity in the needs of health human resources with the conditions of the availability of health human resources in the Central Java region. The data collection method used in this research is the observation method, while the scientific method used in this research is the K-Means Clustering method. The results showed that the application has been generated can dynamically determine the health human resource cluster based on the disparity category of health human resource availability in the Central Java region. In addition, the labeling of the Pillar K-Means cluster based on the Chi-square test has a high degree of accuracy, namely 80%.


Objective: Approxim at ely three million early neonatal deathsocc ur annually world wide, mostly in low-income countries.The most frequent causes are: infections, prematurity andassociated conditions, congenital anomalies, birth asphyxiaan d very low birthweight due to intrauterine growth retar-dat ion or prematur it y. Ma ny score systems for predictionof neonatal morbidity and mortality use intracranial hem-orrhage as indicat or because of its high predict ing value.Aim s of this study are: to presen t a simple system for pre-diction of early neonatal death due to intracranial hemor-rhage applicable in general hospital; to carry outinformation which could be base for further programs forim provement of newborn healt h on lo cal seco ndary level.


Measurements are reported on the amplitude of ultrasonic Lamb waves reflected from a single 20 mm-diameter flat-bottomed hole located adjacent to the weld of a 6 mm-thick butt welded steel plate. The hole was introduced to simulate the presence of corrosion defects in the heat-affected zone, and served to assess the suitability of using the fundamental So Lamb waves as a means for remote detection of corrosion in fluid-filled storage tanks. Measurements were made using a prototype, omnidirectional multi-element transducer developed at Imperial College, and also using a single edge-mounted transducer. Detection of a hole was only possible when using the plate tester at oblique incidence angles, because of the inability to discriminate weld echoes from those due to the hole at normal or near-normal incidence. Detection of holes was also limited to those with a minimum depth of approximately 3 mm by the presence of coherent background noise. Measurements using a single edge-mounted transducer demonstrated that preferential waveguide propagation of the So mode occurred along the weld, in a manner coined 'weld-guided waves'. This permitted easy detection of a 2 mm deep-hole located adjacent to the weld at a distance of 1 m from the transducer. It is likely that a practical surface-mounted transducer based on the S 0 waveguide mode of operation could be developed for the inspection of corrosion defects within the heat-affected zone of fluid-filled tanks. It is probable that such a device would have a range of many metres, be simple in construction, and that the method would be relatively unaffected by the presence of fluid and inherently sensitive because of the suppression of other propagation modes.


The statistical properties of annual runoff in major rivers of China are studied based on the theory of stochastic process and technology of time series analysis. These properties include the characteristics of intra‐annual and inter‐annual variations of runoff, trends, abrupt changes and periodicities. The new findings from the intensive calculations and appropriate analysis of data in longer period are as follows: (i) compared with the nonuniformity of intra‐annual runoff before 1980, the nonuniformity of intra‐annual runoff in China generally decreased after 1980, except for Huaihe River and Songhua River; (ii) compared with the annual runoff before 1980, the annual runoff in China generally decreased after 1980 except for WangJiaba station in Huaihe River and Ha‐Erbin station in Songhua River; the frequency of continuous low flow and continuous high flow in Haihe River and the downstream of Yellow River is higher than those in other rivers in China; (iii) annual runoff shows a downward trend in major rivers of China especially in Haihe River, Liao River and the midstream and downstream of Yellow River; (iv) there exist certain abrupt changes of annual runoff in major rivers of China; the abrupt change‐points are different among different river basins; and (v) almost periodicities of annual runoff sequences in major rivers of China are generally 20 years below, that is, 3~7 and 12~20 years. The reasons for these changes are mainly caused by climate change and human activities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Measurements are reported on x‐ray diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy studies of Al films on phosphorous‐doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) prepared by rf glow discharge deposition. Infrared absorption and current‐voltage characteristics of and Al electrode a‐Si:H p‐i‐n diodes are also presented. Si and Al Auger depth profile data show that Si was detected at the free surface of the 5000‐A Al film on the 1500‐A a‐Si:H film after a 185 °C anneal, while a constant Si signal was detected in the Al film from its free surface to the interface with the a‐Si:H after a 200 °C anneal. The 200 °C anneal reduced the p‐i‐n diodes to resistors. The a‐Si‐H in contact with the Al film crystallized at 300 °C. A 360 °C anneal prior to the Al deposition raised the recrystallization temperature above 300 °C. The evolution of hydrogen is proposed as a mechanism for lowering the recrystallization temperature in a–Si:H.


THE PURPOSE. The purpose of the work was to systematize the results of the work of domestic and foreign authors on the thermophysical properties of media and substances involved in the process of obtaining biodiesel fuel. METHODS. To measure the isobaric heat capacity, the predominant use is given to the methods of heat-conducting and scanning calorimeters, the measurement of the thermal conductivity by the heated filament method. Kinematic and dynamic viscosities are measured, respectively, on standard glass viscometers at atmospheric pressure and by the drop weight method. RESULTS. The results of a study of a wide range of thermophysical properties of thermodynamic systems involved in the process of obtaining biodiesel fuel under supercritical fluid conditions are presented. Attention is paid to the density, isobaric heat capacity, thermal conductivity, dynamic and kinematic viscosity of both the feedstock and the resulting biodiesel fuel, presented in a wide range of temperature and pressure changes, including nearcritical, as well as taking into account the thermal effects caused by the dissolution and change in the structures of substances under the influence of fluid reagent. CONCLUSION. The presented data will be necessary at the stages of designing and scaling a particular technology for the production of biodiesel fuel, both on a laboratory scale and at an industrial level.