Alcohol dependence and cirrhosis are key outcomes of excessive alcohol use. We studied the interaction between genetics and epigenetics at the aldehyde dehydrogenase ( ALDH2) locus to understand differences in vulnerability to cirrhosis. Individuals were selected according to ICD 10 criteria for Alcohol dependence with Cirrhosis (AUDC+ve, N=116) and Alcohol dependence but without Cirrhosis; (AUDC-ve, N=123) from the clinical services of Gastroenterology and Psychiatry at the St John's Medical College Hospital (SJMCH). Fibroscan/sonographic evidence was used to rule out fibrosis for the AUDC-ve group. Genomic DNA from blood was used for genotyping at ALDH2 (rs2238151) locus. A subset of the samples was assessed for DNA methylation (AUDC+ve, N=50; AUDC-ve, N=50) at the LINE-1 and ALDH2 CpG loci by pyrosequencing on a PyroMark Q24. LINE1 DNA methylation did not differ between the groups. ALDH2 DNA methylation was significantly lower in AUDC+ve group compared to AUDC-ve group (P <0.001). Lower methylation in T-allele carriers compared to T-allele non-carriers of the ALDH2 locus (rs2238151) was observed in AUDC+ve subjects (P=0.009). Compromised methylation blood DNA at candidate loci, in those with liver disease in the context of prolonged severe alcohol abuse, could be was calculated using Pyro Q-CpG Software (Qiagen). We examined a single cytosine at a non-CpG site within PCR products to ensure


This qualitative research explored Syrian refugees' self-determination and psychosocial adjustment in Turkey and teachers' experience working with refugees. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from 12 vocational and language teachers (M age = 34.27, SD age = 4.94) who had an average of 9.58-year teaching experience and at least one year of teaching Syrian forcibly displaced people and refugees. The content analysis revealed three overarching themes: i) the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness facilitate refugees' adjustment in dealing with resettlement stressors; ii) trauma experience interferes with refugees' adjustment; iii) working with refugees transforms teachers to become more tolerant, resilient, patriotic, sensitive to diversity, and grateful for their relationships. The findings may stimulate psychosocial interventions and policies that would mitigate contextual barriers as well as create an inclusive psychosocial environment. Refugees are likely to benefıt from a nurturing environment and teachers are likely to benefit from trainings focusing on trauma informed teaching skills. sensitivity, resilience indirect trauma exposure,


In April 2011, a 56-year-old man, who is a chronic smoker, presented with a 2-month history of worsening right-sided low back pain. There was no history of trauma and the pain was persistent throughout the day and night with no aggravating factors. There were no associated neurological symptoms. His family physician diagnosed him as having non-specific low back pain. NSAIDs were prescribed with only minimal symptomatic relief. One month later, he complained of mild cough and blood-stained sputum. There was no shortness of breath, night sweats, fever, or any constitutional symptoms. He had no recent travel or contact history.

On examination, he was of normal build, with no clubbing or palpable lymph nodes. A hard tender mass, measuring 4 × 5 cm was palpable over …


Historical Quality-of-Service (QoS) data describing existing user-service invocations are vital to understanding user behaviors and cloud service conditions. Collaborative Filtering (CF) models based on Matrix Factorization (MF) have proven to be highly efficient in performing representation learning in QoS data. However, its performance is hindered by its linear inherence and implicit encoding of collaborative QoS signal. To address this critical issue, we present a novel approach in this article, dubbed as Two-stream Graph convolutional network-incorporated Latent Feature Analysis (TGLFA). The proposed TGLFA is significantly different from previous approaches to representation learning in QoS data in the following three aspects. First, it constructs a multilayer fully-connected network to capture the attribute characteristics representing the nonlinear latent features of service. Second, TGLFA constructs a biparty graph to represent the user-service interactions, where the light graph convolutional network is adopted to acquire the high-order connectivity in QoS data. Last, Aiming to improve computational efficiency, the proposed approach considers the mechanism for data density-oriented modeling when building the input and output layers. Detailed experimental results on eight large-scale cases constructed on two real QoS datasets demonstrate that the proposed TGLFA significantly outperforms its state-of-the-art peers in both estimation accuracy for missing QoS data and computational efficiency. The notable results show that TGLFA is a novel and effective approach to QoS data representation learning.


The decarbonization of for example the energy or heat sector leads to the transformation of distribution grids. The expansion of decentralized energy resources and the integration of new consumers due to sector coupling (e.g. heat pumps or electric vehicles) into low voltage grids increases the need for grid expansion and usage of flexibilities in the grid. A high observability of the current grid status is needed to perform these tasks efficiently and effectively. Therefore, there is a need to increase the observability of low voltage grids by installing measurement technologies (e.g. smart meters). Multiple different measurement technologies are available for low voltage grids which can vary in their benefit to observation quality and their installation costs. Therefore, Bayernwerk Netz GmbH and E.DIS AG in cooperation with E-Bridge Consulting GmbH and the Institute for High Voltage Equipment and Grids, Digitalization and Energy Economics (IAEW) investigated the effectiveness of different strategies for the smartification of low voltage grids. This paper presents the methodology used for the investigation and exemplary results focusing on the impact of intelligent cable distribution cabinets and smart meters on the quality of the state estimation.


The Spring Introduction Programme 2014 welcomes about 200 new international students who follow an obligatory programme. Throughout a week of project work students make an acculturation plan and get familiarized with the Delft study method and working in multicultural groups.

Rescue Meal smartphone app is the ideal way to quickly enable people to share food and meals. When international students are new to their city and during their stay they often arrive late in the evening, have an empty fridge and don't know anyone yet. With the help of Rescue Meal students can either offer or look for a meal to share in their area. This way new students don't have to go to bed hungry and at the same time meet new people and make a lot of friends.


The depth distribution of the transport properties as well as the temperature dependence of the low field magneto-conductance for c ?>-axis oriented GaN nanowall network samples grown with different average wall-widths (tav ?>) are investigated. Magneto-conductance recorded at low temperatures shows clear signature of weak localization effect in all samples studied here. The scattering mean free path le ?> and the phase coherence time τϕ ?>, are extracted from the magneto-conductance profile. Electron mobility estimated from le ?> is found to be comparable with those estimated previously from room temperature conductivity data for these samples, confirming independently the substantial mobility enhancement in these nanowalls as compared to bulk. Our study furthermore reveals that the high electron mobility region extends down to several hundreds of nanometer below the tip of the walls. Like mobility, phase coherence length (lϕ ?>) is found to increase with the reduction of the average wall width. Interestingly, for samples with lower values of the average wall width, lϕ ?> is estimated to be as high as 60 μm, which is much larger than those reported for GaN/AlGaN heterostructure based two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) systems.


We present experimental demonstrations of a technique, based on multistate variants of the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage STIRAP process, that allows efficient and robust preparation of a preselected superposition of two or three degenerate states magnetic sublevels of an atom and the measurement of their relative amplitudes and phases. The experiments verify theoretical results described in the preceding paper. We perform our experiments with neon atoms in a supersonic beam: atoms in the metastable P0 state are transferred to a superposition of the metastable P2 magnetic sublevels, using four different linkage patterns. Because the preparation utilizes adiabatic passage, it is robust against small fluctuations of the Rabi frequencies and temporal shape of the coupling fields. The relative phases and the amplitude ratios of the components of the prepared superpositions are experimentally analyzed using a technique termed phase-to-population mapping. Phase-to-population mapping is based on laser-induced fluorescence after the atoms have undergone optical pumping cycles induced by an additional laser. The optical pumping process maps the superposition phases into populations of a subset of levels by means of a filtering laser field, and is robust against variations in the intensity and detuning of that field.


At present a lot of attention is paid to cellular networks where the smart antennas are used. In such networks, a base station antenna changes the main lobe of the radiation pattern direction in order to improve system performance. In this report a program of research of the optimal orientation of the base station antenna is proposed. The obtained results are discussed.


INTRODUCTION Service enterprises constitute an overwhelmingly large proportion of the world economy, contributing almost 70 per cent of employment in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries [1]. Their share is still expanding. In Australia today, the services sector accounts for 80 per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around two-thirds of total tangible and intangible domestic investment. Around 84 percent of Australian firms are services firms which employ 85 per cent of the work force and 93 per cent of Australian university graduates [2]. With services representing over 80 per cent of the economy, a major source of future growth must be increased productivity in the services sector [2].


The new low carbon-equivalent TMCP type HT50 steel plate for ship or welded structures has been developed several years ago in Japan. We conducted on some kind of experiments for this steel and for its welded joints regarding fatigue strength and fatigue crack propagation in air and in sea water. From these experimental data and some discussion, we confirmed the integrity of this steel in fatigue by comparing the fatigue strength and the fatigue crack propagation characteristic of this steel with those of HT50 steel which has been used practically in ship or welded structures.


East St. Louis,Ill., Oct. 2, 1904. To the Editor: —In your editorial, September 17, with the above title, your reference to Illinois institutions may admit of a little explanation. You speak of the "ruin" wrought and their "fall" under the present system, as shown in articles in the Illinois State Medical Journal . I am aware that some such articles were published, but I believe the profession generally understands the animus and circumstances under which they were published. But when such reference to our charitable institutions is made in a journal of national circulation the matter assumes a different aspect. Now, I am deeply interested in these institutions, am a visitor of them, and of similar institutions in other states, and if it can be pointed out to me in what particular, in any one of these institutions there is a defect, I will make an effort to remedy it.


In recent years, due to the rapid development of the fourth industrial revolution and new platforms of information technologies, intelligent systems have received widespread attention in many industries and have brought the potential to improve the efficiency of the construction industry. These facts led to the appearance of a new concept in construction industry called Construction 4.0. Therefore, this article seeks to explore the state of implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies in the construction industry and analyze their impact on the formation of the Construction 4.0 concept. In order to achieve the aim of this article, a literature review was conducted using the most relevant publication in this field. Moreover, authors carried out a bibliometric analysis among 195 selected research articles related to the Industry 4.0 and Construction 4.0 to identify interconnections between these concepts. The results show that Industry 4.0 has the greatest impact on productivity growth in construction and that interest in digital technologies is growing every year, but their penetration into the construction industry is currently slow and limited. The authors suggest that further research needs to be focused on future ethical issues that may arise and on synergies between Construction 4.0 technologies.


Rice is an important crop of Pakistan. Weed infestation and traditional rice growing methods are resulting in low rice yield. System of rice intensification (SRI) has emerged as an alternative and resource efficient rice production method. Field experiments were conducted, for two consecutive years (2010 and 2011), to assess the outcome of different weed management practices and to determine critical weed competition period in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under the system of rice intensification. Experimental site was Agronomic research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. First experiment comprised the application of different weed control practices in SRI i.e. three times manual hoeing, three times hoeing with rotary hoe, one manual hoeing followed by foliar application of crop-water extracts, one hoeing with rotary hoe followed by crop-water extracts, post emergence application of orthosulfamuron @ 145 g a.i. ha-1, weed free and a control. Seedlings of 21 days age were transplanted in this experiment. Manual hoeing 20, 40 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT) with 5.34 and 4.99 t ha-1 kernel yield during 2010 and 2011, respectively, was recorded the best weed management method in SRI. Second experiment comprised plant spacing of 20, 25 and 30 cm and competition periods of 20, 40, 60, and 80 days after transplanting along with control and weed free treatments. In this experiment 21 days old seedlings were transplanted. The third experiment consisted of transplanting seedlings of 14, 21 and 28 days and competition periods of 20, 40, 60, and 80 days after sowing along with control and weed free treatments. The weed competition periods were randomized in sub-plots while plant spacing and seedling age were randomized in main plots in second and third experiment, respectively. All the experiments were replicated thrice. Super basmati variety was used. Nursery was raised on a soil enriched with farm yard manure and the seeds, after sowing, were covered with straw to preserve moisture and prevent the germinating seeds from heat injury and predators. One seedling per hill was transplanted in a muddy soil, and irrigation was provided in intermittent intervals as per requirements of SRI. Data pertaining to various parameters related to rice crop and weed species was recorded using the standard procedures and was analyzed using Fisher's analysis of variance technique. Least significant difference (LSD) test at 0.05 probability was used to compare the significant treatments' means. From the first experiment, manual hoeing 20, 40 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT) with 5.34 and 4.99 t ha-1 kernel yield during 2010 and 2011, respectively, was recorded the best weed management method in SRI. Second experiment showed that the combination of 25 A— 25 cm spacing and competition for 20 DAT with kernel yield 5.4 and 5.3 t ha-1 during 2010 and 2011, respectively, was the most economical treatment combination. Moreover, experiment three ended with the finding that the combination of 21 days old seedlings and competition for 20 DAT was the most economical treatment combination in terms of kernel yield of rice i.e. 4.9 and 4.7 t ha-1 during 2010 and 2011, respectively. In short, Pakistani farmers can confidently adopt SRI to maximize their rice yield and to minimize their inputs. Minimal dependence of SRI upon synthetic chemicals can ensure environmental safety on sustainable basis.


Since the beginning of the energy crisis in the fall of 1973 there has been a dramatic increase in Amtrak patronage. As a result, there is new pressure on the Federal Government to create new routes and finance new equipment. Although the present fuel shortage may be a temporary situation, there is a general consensus by government and the public that passenger trains will remain a viable means of transportation in the future. The article describes the developments of Amtrak since its inception and mentions the special problems of the "Northeast Corridor" and the relationship of Amtrak with the railroads.


Considering the motion control system as the object in ultrasonic Al wire bonding machine of IC-encapsulation equipment,this paper introduces the design method of motion control system based upon TMS320LF2407 and PCI bus. The resources of DSP hardware and software are used fully and reasonably,which realizes the precise control of multi-axis motor and the high speed communication between PC and control card. Especially, the design scheme of this motion control system is discussed in detail.


This study aims to determine the Effect of The Activity Ratio, Profitability Ratio and Interest Rate on Stock Prices Case Study on Sub Sector Food and Beverage Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2020 Period. The population in this study are 26 food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and a total sample of 5 companies with 6 years of data. The sampling method used is a non-random sampling method. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis to determine the effect of The Activity Ratio, Profitability Ratio and Interest Rate on Stock Prices. Data testing was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 Software. From the results of the regression analysis test, the t-count value is -895 with a significance level of 0.379 (p > 0.05), then the Total Asset Turnover (X1) variable has no significant effect on stock prices, which means H1 is rejected and then for X2, the t-count value is 2.123 with a significance level of 0.043 (p < 0.05), the Return on Equity (X2) variable has a significant effect on stock prices, which means H2 is accepted then X3 the results of the regression analysis test obtained a t-count value of 2.673 with a significance level of 0.013 (p < 0 0.05) then the variable Interest Rate (X3) has a significant effect on stock prices, which means H3 is accepted Simultaneously, the calculated f value is 4.695 with a significance level of 0.009 (p < 0.05) then the variables are Total Asset Turnover, Return on Equity and Interest Rate has a simultaneous and significant effect on stock prices, which means H4 is accepted.

Keywords: Total Asset Turnover, Return on Equity, Interest Rate, Stock Prices


Learn how Henry Ford Healthcare System has achieved a 26 percent reduction in harm events and a 12 percent reduction in mortality over a three-year period through its No-Harm Campaign.


Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv is extensively used in Indian traditional and folklore medicines to cure various human ailments. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids and terpenoids. The organic leaf extracts of this species was evaluated for antimalarial activity against clinically isolated Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant and sensitive strains. The in vitro antimalarial activity was performed following schizont maturation inhibition assay, (SMI). The ethanol fraction exhibited very good antiplasmodial activity against both chloroquine sensitive and resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates followed by the butanol and chloroform extracts.


The present article aims to show the current state of the services offered by the city Councils of the Region of Murcia through their web sites. In order to do this, we defined firstly a series of basic services that the local entities should offer to their citizens through Internet. Secondly, an evaluation of these services was carried out, following the guidelines settled down in the e-Europe 2002 Action Plan


: Response Surface Methodology is widely used in the optimization of industrial processes and products that depend on several experimental variables. One of the most tested and efficient second-order Response Surface Methodology designs is the Box-Behnken Design. This research explores the efficiency of a seven-variable Box-Behnken design with varying center runs, on full and reduced quadratic models. Backward Elimination and Forward Selection techniques are employed as the variable selection techniques for obtaining the reduced models, based on the Akaike Information Criterion. Fit Statistics and Design Efficiency values are obtained for the reduced models and are compared with those of the full model. Generally, results show that the reduced quadratic models perform best under one center-point run, thereby making the reduced models the most preferred in terms of the model fit and D-efficiency. Comparative analysis, based on G-efficiency, reveals that the full quadratic model performs better than the reduced models under one center-point Box-Behnken design.


: The Long-Term Reversible Contraceptive Methods (LARCS), represented by the Copper and Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Devices (IUD), in addition to the subdermal implant, are widely indicated in the practice of family planning in the scope of primary health care, given their high rates of efficacy, safety and adherence. However, such characteristics can be refuted due to the occurrence of adverse effects, which range from simple complications to more severe complications, which require other levels of health care for their management. Taking this into account, it became the main objective of this study to analyze the degree of incidence of the main complications in users of LARCS in primary care. For this purpose, a descriptive methodology was used, and a literature review was carried out based on articles published in Pubmed, Scielo and health journals, including the Brazilian Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Adversities related to the IUD have been observed to include dysmenorrhea, bleeding, expulsion of the device and, less frequently, ectopic pregnancy, perforation of the uterus and adjacent structures, and pelvic inflammatory disease. In relation to the subdermal implant, alterations such as amenorrhea, acne, weight gain, irritability, headache, dizziness and breast tenderness have been documented. Thus, according to the evidence collected, the superiority of LARCS in relation to other contraceptive methods available in the SUS (Unified Health System) is notorious, with regard to efficacy versus undesired effects.


Studies of long-term effects of the wars in the Balkans show that some of these communities remain fragmented and divided along different lines. Overwhelming feelings of trust and betrayal by the close neighbors and life-long friends remain high even years after the traumatizing experiences that devastated the communities. Interpersonal processes including loss of trust, disruption of social norms and decreasing quality in close social transactions at times leading to the war still characterize the reactions of community members. These experiences, together with massive trauma and losses inform the social context that prevents the healing of individuals and prolongs fragmentation of communities. Data from a series of studies will be used to analyze the long-term community reactions and discuss the interventions that can facilitate social reconstruction and trauma healing in such communities. These need to help decrease social tensions among groups that have been involved in a conflict, provide treatment for the most traumatized individuals and at the same time work towards re-connecting community members. In such a context, individual recovery from violence and community social reconstruction as two parallel, interdependent and non-linear processes.


The number of alloreactive helper T lymphocytes (HTL) which cooperate with cytolytic T lymphocytes have been quantified in a sensitive limit dilution system. Approximately 1 in 330 splenic T lymphocytes developed helper activity in response to alloantigen of a single haplotype. Most HTL appeared to cooperate nonspecifically with the cytolytic cells. A significant number of alloreactive HTL precursors recognized H‐2 K or D alloantigen, but roughly 6‐fold more HTL precursors responded to H‐2 I, and roughly 20‐fold more responded to non‐H‐2, presumably Mls, alloantigen. These results support the hypothesis that alloantigen encoded by the H‐2 I and non‐H‐2 Mls regions preferentially stimulate helper T lymphocytes while alloantigens encoded by the H‐2 K and D regions preferentially stimulate cytolytic T lymphocytes.


Background: Inhibitors of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have improved outcomes in patients (pts) with advanced melanoma, but treatment options for pts who progress on or after these therapies remain limited. In this group, we previously reported preliminary data that ENT, a class I selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in combination with PEMBRO showed promising activity, through alteration of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here we report the full cohort of patients enrolled. Methods: ENCORE-601 is an open-label study evaluating ENT (5 mg PO weekly) + PEMBRO (200 mg IV Q3W) in pts with unresectable or metastatic melanoma who were previously treated with a PD-1-blocking antibody and experienced progression on or after therapy. A Simon 2-stage design was utilized (Stage 1: 13 patients, Stage 2: 40 patients) and the primary endpoint was ORR as assessed by irRECIST. Tumor biopsies and blood samples for immune correlates were obtained pre- and on-treatment. Results: 53 patients were enrolled (the last patient entered April 2018, data cutoff is January 2018). The median duration of prior PD-1 therapy was 4.9 months and median time from last dose to study entry was 2.7 months (66% of patients had no intervening therapy between their prior PD-1 therapy and study enrollment). Additional baseline demographics are as follows: 55% were ECOG 0, 36% had elevated LDH, 70% pts had prior ipilimumab, and 23% had prior BRAF/MEK inhibitors. The confirmed objective response with ENT + PEMBRO is 19% (1 CR and 9 PRs; 95% CI: 9-32%); these results exceed the threshold for success based on the prespecified design. The median duration of response as of the cut-off date is 12.5 months (range 4-18 months) with 5 responders ongoing at the time of data cutoff. An additional 7 patients have had stable disease for > 6 months, resulting in a clinical benefit rate (CR, PR, SD > 6 months) of 32% (95% CI: 20%-46%). The median PFS is 4.2 months. Efficacy results in patients who received prior ipilimumab were consistent with the overall population. Among the responders, best response on prior PD-1 therapy were as follows: progression- 3 pts, stable disease- 5 pts, partial response- 1 pt, unknown- 1 pt. Grade 3/4 related AEs occurring in >5% of patients included neutropenia, fatigue, and hyponatraemia. 5 patients (9%) experienced a Grade 3/4 immune-related AE (2 events of rash, 1 each of colitis, pneumonitis, and autoimmune hepatitis). Additional correlative analyses to identify biomarkers of response, including whole exome sequencing and RNAseq, are in progress. Conclusions: In patients with melanoma who have progressed following treatment with prior PD-1 blockade, and both prior PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade, ENT plus PEMBRO demonstrates significant clinical activity and acceptable safety. Citation Format: Ryan J. Sullivan, Stergios J. Moschos, Melissa L. Johnson, Mateusz Opyrchal, Peter Ordentlich, Susan Brouwer, Serap Sankoh, Michael L. Meyers, Sanjiv S. Agarwala. Efficacy and safety of entinostat (ENT) and pembrolizumab (PEMBRO) in patients with melanoma previously treated with anti-PD1 therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT072.


Spectrum regulators and stakeholders from the wireless industry and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) communities are exploring the use of the 5.9 GHz band for the dissemination of basic safety messages. Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) sends out these messages at a constant rate of 10 Hz and packet collisions occur in dense vehicular environments. In this paper, we propose a priority-based dynamic beaconing scheme. The scheme determines a higher beacon transmission rate for vehicles that are at a higher risk of collision. Two risk based beacon rate protocols are evaluated in our ns-3 simulator, one that adapts the beacon rate between 1 and 10 Hz, and another between 1 and 20 Hz. This improves the packet delivery ratio (PDR) performance by up to 45% in congested environments using the 1-10 Hz adaptive beacon rate protocol and by 38% using the 1-20 Hz adaptive scheme. The simulation results also show that the likelihood of a vehicle collision due to missed packets decreases by up to 77% in a three lane dense highway scenario with 160 vehicles operating at different speeds.


L ast summer, the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) published the most comprehensive analysis of veteran suicide in our nation's history. That study examined 55 million records from every state and revealed that in 2014, an average of 20 veterans died by suicide each day. Six of the 20 were recent users of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) services; the other 14 had not used VHA services in the prior 2 years. Policy makers are currently deliberating whether expanding the Veterans Choice Program (VCP) is a judicious way to prevent these tragic deaths, especially for veterans who do not use the VHA. One proposal, presented at a congressional committee hearing in October 2017, advocates expanding the VCP. Its core tenet—allowing veterans to seek mental health care from VCP providers without needing VHA preauthorization—is similar to provisions in other subsequent VCP bills regarding Access to Walk-In Care for episodic physical and mental health care. The original Veterans Choice Act of 2014 was enacted with $10 billion supplemental funding for the VCP as well as $5 billion to augment VHA staffing. In contrast, these recent proposals include no supplemental allocations. Veterans could bypass VHA approval, obtain VCP services on their own; the VHA would be sent the bill and payment would be taken from the VHA facility's budgets. The set of proposals serves as a reminder of the need for further reflection and discussion about how the nation can best address the crisis of veteran suicide and, more broadly, how to optimize access to evidence-based, integrated mental health care services. This article critiques the myths underlying the proposals' rationale, gives factual evidence on veterans' suicide prevention and comprehensive mental health care issues, and concludes with a cautionary warning about the risk of VCP expansion adversely impacting veterans.


We provide the classification of possible wave structures evolving from initially discontinuous profiles for the photon fluid propagating in a normal dispersion fiber. The dynamics of light fields is described by the generalized Chen-Lee-Liu equation, which belongs to the family of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations with a self-steepening-type term appearing due to retardation of the fiber material response to variations of the electromagnetic signal. This equation is also used in investigations of the dynamics of modulated waves propagating through a single nonlinear transmission network. We describe its periodic solutions and the corresponding Whitham modulation equations. The wave patterns generated by the initial parameter profiles are composed of different building blocks which are presented in detail. It is shown that evolution dynamics in this case is much richer than that for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. Complete classification of possible wave structures is given for all possible jump conditions at the discontinuity. Our analytic results are confirmed by numerical simulations.


Customer service orientation is about knowing customers and willingly responding their expectations. Research efforts are underway to identify antecedents of customer service orientation. This concept is essential for service sector organizations. This study has examined the impact of  Transactional leadership, Transformational leadership and perceived organizational support as antecedents of customer service orientation in the banking sector. Data from 278 respondents was gathered from bank employees in Islambad, Pakistan. Results have shown a positive and significant impact of all three antecedents on customer service orientation. This study will help banking sector organizations to design policies for enhancing customer service orientation by improving employees performance with effective leadership and supportive work environment.


In this contribution, I will review the most recent developments that concern the transition from a primordial, predominantly massive mode of star formation - the Population III stars - to a mode of star formation characterized by the first low mass and long lived stars - the Population II stars. Although the recent observation of a star in the Galactic Halo with a total metallicity of only Z = 4.5×10−5Z⊙ has demonstrated that stars with masses of approximately ∼ 0.8M⊙ can form even at these extremely low metallicities, there are many aspects of the Pop III/II transition that are still poorly understood and that certainly require further investigation. For this reason, I have organized my contribution into three fundamental questions which I try to address based on the current theoretical and observational indications.


ENDOPHTHALMITIS FOLLOWING CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION OCCURS IN approximately 0.77% of cases.' It usually presents within 72 hours but can develop several months postoperatively.",2 The bacteria cultured from infected eyes are often the same as those cultured from the donor rim.2'3 Gentamicin-resistant organisms are frequently grown from donor rims in the absence of endophthalmitis.4 The most commonly used short-term corneal preservation media are Optisol and DexSol. These storage media contain gentamicin but not a broad-spectrum gram-positive antibiotic. The correlation of bacteria resistant to gentamicin as a causative agent in postkeratoplasty endophthalmitis has led surgeons and investigators to evaluate other antibiotics. Use of media supplemented with vancomycin (10 ,ug/ml) reduces the incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and at a concentration of 100 gg/ml, electron microscopy reveals the same corneal endothelial changes as with nonvancomycin-enriched media after 2 weeks' storage.5'6 Vancomycin concentrations of 100 ,ug/ml, without the presence of corneal tissue, remain at 90 ,ug/ml or greater for up to 5 months in Optisol stored at 4°c.6 Vancomycin in Dexsol decreases in concentration an average of 7% per month.7 A potential advantage of vancomycin in Dexsol is corneal concentration of the antibiotic.7 The purpose of this study is to determine if a solution of vancomycin, 1 mg in 1 ml of balanced salt solution (BSS) (vancomycin, 1 mg/BSS 1 ml), is effective in reducing the incidence of positive cultures from the donor rim and host cornea and is safe when used as an irrigating solution at the time of corneal transplantation.


Introduction * Early embryogenesis and postembryonic development * Growth and developmental hormones and their actions * Hormone receptors * Hormonal regulation of transcription * Metamorphosis: An ideal model for hormonal regulation of postembryonic development * Nuclear receptor expression during postembryonic development * Hormonal crossregulation of nuclear receptors * Programmed cell death is important for hormonal control of postembryonic development * Perspectives and prospects.


The utility model discloses a floating object separating device, which belongs to separating equipment and structurally comprises a liquid storage tank. A liquid outlet is arranged on one side of the liquid storage tank, a gate plate is arranged at the position of the liquid outlet, a clearance is reserved between the gate plate and the lower liquid outlet, a floating object outlet is arranged on an opposite surface, of the liquid outlet, or a lateral surface of the liquid storage tank, and the bottom plane of the floating object outlet is higher than a liquid surface. Compared with the prior art, the floating object separating device has the advantages of simple structure, high work efficiency, manpower, material resource and manufacturing cost economization, simple and convenient maintenance and repair and the like, thereby having excellent popularization and application values.


The stress-strain response of the basic concrete making material, i.e. the mortar and aggregates, are well known. In general, the aggregate behaves linearly up till failure, possessing a very high ultimate compression strength and stiffness. The behavior of mortar is non-linear, even at low loading levels. The resulting composite material, the concrete, exhibits a less stiff response, in combination with degradation in strength. This study looked into the influence of the inclusion-to-specimen volume ratio of a 100x100x50 mm mortar specimen. Two inclusion configurations were considered, parallel and diagonal to the line of loading, while the ratio varied from zero to 0.66. It was shown that the inclusion-to-specimen volume ratio strongly influenced the strength, the stiffness, and failure mode. The strength behavior had a minimum and a maximum bifurcation point, while the stiffness response increased, as a function of an increase in the inclusion-to-specimen volume ratio. Visual observation of the cracking pattern revealed that the initial cracking was always situated at the interface between the aggregate and mortar in tension and propagated through the mortar matrix. It was also perceived that the crack propagation path of the very dense, diagonally arranged inclusions deviated from the columnar configuration observed from the parallel inclusion formation. These densely diagonally arranged aggregates also resulted in spalling in the lateral direction.


Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop a typology of nature travelers based on their motivations, activity participation, and destination preferences. A secondary analysis from the Pleasure Travel Market Survey for Australia (1994) was used. The results indicated that the proposed 'motivation-participation-preference' multi-segmentation bases could classify Australian nature travel market into six segments. They were 'Physical Challenge Seekers,' 'Family Vacationers,' 'Culture & Entertainment Seekers,' 'Nature Tourists,' 'Escape & Relax Vacationers,' and 'Indifferent Travelers.' Travelers among groups exhibited significant differences in terms of their so-ciodemographics, trip-related characteristics, and travel philosophies. Implications of the findings are discussed.


Graphene‐supported Si‐TiO2 (Si‐Ti‐GE) composites have been synthesized by a simple polymerization and sintering method. In the Si‐Ti‐GE composites, many small Si‐TiO2 particles are scattered on the graphene sheet, which can mitigate the agglomeration of the material and further reduce the particle size. The initial discharge capacities of Si‐TiO2, Si‐Ti‐GE‐1, Si‐Ti‐GE‐2, and Si‐Ti‐GE‐3 are 336.9, 337.2, 339.8, and 356.6 mAh g−1 at the current density of 200 mA g−1, respectively. The discharge rate capacities of TiO2, Si‐TiO2, and Si‐Ti‐GE‐3 composites retain 57.5%, 41.7%, and 82.1% at the current density from 100 to 400 mA g−1, respectively. Therefore, the introduction of graphene not only could facilitate the Li+ diffusion and electron transport but also could make better electrical conductivity.


The paper elucidates how to connect forming process simulation with innovative measurement- and analysis equipment thereby taking into account the machine influences. Reverse Engineering use 3D-Scanning data of sheet metal forming dies. Following this paradigm, the models simulation relies on are refined, and spotting of forming dies is subjected to a scientific analysis. That means, that with Reverse Engineering, "extended process engineering" is verified at the real spotting procedure, the comparison of simulation- and measuring results is used to evaluate how close the investigated models are to reality, extending the optimisation algorithms used for springback compensation to die spotting, the modification of the die topology will be carried out automatically thanks to new software functions.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The study of biological pesticides allicin and chemical pesticides Mancozeb was concerned with the optimum range of concentrations as antibacterial agents in open plant tissue culture.The study quantified the optimum range of concentrations of antibacterial agents by single factor adding different concentrations of allicin and mancozeb in liquid and solid B5 medium respectively.The results showed that the concentration range of bio-pesticides allicin were 0.10~0.17 g/mL had less impact on plant growth and better antibacterial effects.Chemical pesticide mancozeb among the concentration ranges of 0.1~0.7 g/L had significantly promoting role on the growth of roots and buds of plants and ideal antibacterial effect.The conclusion was that allicin and mancozeb can be used as the antibacterial agents in open plant tissue culture.


In this paper the Iterative Learning Control (ILC) scheme is presented for a subclass of 2D systems, i.e. spatially interconnected systems. Also, the existence of norm bounded uncertainty in the model is considered. Firstly, the 2D model is transformed into the uncertain 1D equivalent model using the lifting procedure. Next, in order to lead the model output to the prescribed reference signal, the ILC scheme is implemented. It attains the structure of the controlled differential linear repetitive process (LRP), hence assuring the stability along the trial of the underlying LRP automatically leads to the feasible ILC and the convergence to zero of the tracking error for the originally considered model. In what follows, the LMI based approach towards robust ILC controller design is given as a main result of this paper. To present the applicability of the proposed approach is applied for a subclass of spatially interconnected systems, i.e. the particular case of ladder RLC circuits.


A system protects a client from hostile Downloadables. The system includes security rules defining suspicious actions and security policies defining the appropriate responsive actions to rule violations. The system includes an interface for receiving incoming Downloadable and requests made by the Downloadable. The system still further includes a comparator coupled to the interface for examining the Downloadable, requests made by the Downloadable and runtime events to determine whether a security policy has been violated, and a response engine coupled to the comparator for performing a violation-based responsive action.


A spectral problem and the associated hierarchy of Schrödinger type equations are proposed. It is shown that the hierarchy is integrable in Liouville's sense and possesses multi-Hamiltonian structure. It is found that several kinds of important equation such as the Kaup-Newell (KN) equation, the Chen-Lee-Liu (CLL) equation, the Gerdjikov-Ivanov (GI) equation, the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation and the Sharma-Tasso-Olever equation are members in the hierarchy as its special reductions. Moreover, KN, CLL and GI equations are described by using a unified generalized derivative Schrödinger equation involving a parameter, and their Hamiltonian structure and Lax pairs are also given by unified and explicit formulae.


The present paper reports the variation in the ter minations of palmar Cline among the Yerukula, an Andhra tribal population. It is based on the bilateral palmar prints of 130 men and 130 women. The C-line terminates frequently on ulna r side followed radial side, except right hands of men. Among a small proportion of men and w omen the C-line is either terminated proximally or totally absent. The difference betwee n males and females is significant and bilateral differences are not significant. The dist ribution in the present study tribe is similar to several tribal populations of Andhra Pradesh.


Splashing is the main atomization source for a jet impinging on a liquid layer. Increased understanding of splashing rainfall characteristics can help to reduce the hazard of flood discharge atomization in hydraulic engineering. In this study, the spatial distribution of splashing rainfall caused by a nappe flow impinging on a downstream water cushion was experimentally investigated. Effects of the main hydraulic factors of impingement velocity, unit discharge, and water-cushion depth on splashing were investigated. The shape of splashing rainfall contours was approximately elliptical in horizontal planes. Maximum rainfall intensity was in the surrounding impingement region, and rainfall intensity decreased with an increase in the distance between the impingement center point and measurement points. Splashing rainfall intensity increased with increases in impingement velocity and unit discharge, whereas the opposite was observed with an increase in plunge pool depth. A gamma distribution described rainfall intensity distribution in the longitudinal and vertical direction, whereas a Gaussian distribution described intensity in the transverse direction. A series of empirical relations were proposed.


Multicolored images were produced by the combination of two different color-separation images, one illuminated with 656 nm light and the other illuminated with 500 nm light. Flicker-fusion frequency measurements were used to identify the conditions in which the 500 nm light was below cone threshold. Under those conditions the multicolored images were shown to be generated by rod and long-wave cone interactions.


An apparatus is described which allows measurements to be made of the contact angle and the exact dimensions of a sessile drop of liquid resting on an electrode graphite surface in vacua or in nitrogen atmosphere. Temperatures up to 1100°C have been employed. Under these conditions, surface tension and gravity are the only forces acting on the drop, and the exact shape, surface, and volume may be computed from the tables of Bashforth and Adams. The method may be used with liquids having viscosities up to 600 poises, whereas the bubble-pressure method used by Jaeger is limited to liquids of viscosity less than 70 poises.

On the basis of internal evidence, the surface-tension values obtained by the sessile-drop method are considered correct within 5%. They also agree with data by Jaeger, but are, roughly, twice as great as those of Washburn and Libmart, who used a ring method. The probable error in Washburn and Libman's work appears to be in their assumption of zero contact angle.


The article deals with the language policy, laws governing the language policy. Initiatives polar political forces in modern Ukraine. One with the main functions of the language policy is communication, which establishes contacts between polar political actors, authorities and society in general. The investigated problem is relevant, since it is connected with the development of political and legal culture in modern Ukraine. The indifference of politicians to the language problem and its silence has led to polarization of the Ukrainian society, the opposition and split. The main idea of the article is to settle the issue of language in contemporary Ukraine, which depends on the desire for power and polar political forces to negotiate and coordinate linguistic political problems and other controversies.


The long-term effects of dietary strategies designed to combat the metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain unknown. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a new dietary strategy based on macronutrient distribution, antioxidant capacity and meal frequency (MEtabolic Syndrome REduction in NAvarra (RESMENA) diet) for the treatment of the MetS when compared with the American Heart Association guidelines, used as Control. Subjects with the MetS (fifty-two men and forty-one women, age 49 (se 1) years, BMI 36·11 (se 0·5) kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of two dietary groups. After a 2-month nutritional-learning intervention period, during which a nutritional assessment was made for the participants every 15 d, a 4-month self-control period began. No significant differences were found between the groups concerning anthropometry, but only the RESMENA group exhibited a significant decrease in body weight ( − 1·7 %; P= 0·018), BMI ( − 1·7 %; P= 0·019), waist circumference ( − 1·8 %; P= 0·021), waist:hip ratio ( − 1·4 %; P= 0·035) and android fat mass ( − 6·9 %; P= 0·008). The RESMENA group exhibited a significant decrease in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations ( − 26·8 %; P= 0·008 and − 14·0 %; P= 0·018, respectively), while the Control group exhibited a significant increase in glucose (7·9 %; P= 0·011), AST (11·3 %; P= 0·045) and uric acid (9·0 %; P< 0·001) concentrations. LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were increased (Control group: 34·4 %; P< 0·001 and RESMENA group: 33·8 %; P< 0·001), but interestingly so were the LDL-C:apoB ratio (Control group: 28·7 %; P< 0·001, RESMENA group: 17·1 %; P= 0·009) and HDL-cholesterol concentrations (Control group: 21·1 %; P< 0·001, RESMENA group: 8·7; P= 0·001). Fibre was the dietary component that most contributed to the improvement of anthropometry, while body-weight loss explained changes in some biochemical markers. In conclusion, the RESMENA diet is a good long-term dietary treatment for the MetS.


OBJECTIVE
To obtain cholesterol-reducing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), we isolated and identified strains of LAB from indigenously fermented pickles and dried-sausage.

METHODS
We screened original LAB strains based on the Calcium Carbonate-MRS medium (Calcium Carbonate-Man Rogosa and Sharp Medium) from pickles and sausage. The cholesterol-reducing strains were confirmed by screening with in vitro cholesterol levels. These strains were identified by methods of morphologic observation, catalase reaction, carbohydrate reaction and 16SrRNA sequencing.

RESULTS
We obtained two strains of LAB (LpT1 and LpT2), which presented a comparatively high ability of cholesterol reducing. The two strains also showed high acid resistance and bile salt tolerance. The time of LpT1 entering the logarithm phase of growth and stationary phase of growth was 14 hours and 22 hours after cultivated, while that of LpT2 was 12 hours and 20 hours after cultivated. These two strains survived for at least 4 hours in the MRS broth with pH 2.0 and grew well in the MRS broth containing 0.2% bile salt, and we identified these two strains to be Lactobacillus plantarum by 16SrRNA sequencing.

CONCLUSION
The two LAB strains could reduce cholesterol in vitro and resist acid and bile salt.


We connect quantum graphs with infinite leads, and turn them into scattering systems. We show that they display all the features which characterize quantum scattering systems with an underlying classical chaotic dynamics: typical poles, delay time and conductance distributions, Ericson fluctuations, and when considered statistically, the ensemble of scattering matrices reproduces quite well the predictions of the appropriately defined random matrix ensembles. The underlying classical dynamics can be defined, and it provides important parameters which are needed for the quantum theory. In particular, we derive exact expressions for the scattering matrix, and an exact trace formula for the density of resonances, in terms of classical orbits, analogous to the semiclassical theory of chaotic scattering. We use this in order to investigate the origin of the connection between random matrix theory and the underlying classical chaotic dynamics. Being an exact theory, and due to its relative simplicity, it offers new insights into this problem which is at the forefront of the research in chaotic scattering and related fields.


(1976). The Fifth Summit Conference of the Non-Aligned Movement. The Black Scholar: Vol. 8, Unity and Struggle against Domination, pp. 2-9.


At the modern level of development of the oil and gas and oil refining industry high demands to qualification of operational dispatching personnel, ability to use new computer products and unique innovative technologies are placed. Therefore, development of new scientific and methodical bases for information technologies in the sphere of fire-prevention training of personnel is relevant. To solve this problem, a simulator complex is being created that allows operational dispatch personnel to be trained in management skills, using information in a team to minimize response time to emergency situations at work Such a complex is a visual-interactive and at the same time educational system that functions on the basis of simulated mathematical scenarios of emergency situations, which is the core of the training process and is responsible for the adequacy of the simulator its completeness and accuracy of imitation of the production process and emergency response process. The proposed for the first time basis for the development of a joint training simulator is based on a mathematical model of real physical processes and therefore has unlimited development in the field of high-quality personnel training.


Writing research papers can be extremely challenging for new academic authors or entire scientific communities, with their own review and style guidelines like CHI. The impact of everything that we do as researchers is based on how we communicate it. Writing for CHI is a core skill to learn because it is hard to turn a research project into a successful CHI publication. This online edition of the successful CHI paper writing course offers hands-on advice and more in-depth tutorials on how to write papers with clarity, substance, and style. It is structured into four online units with a focus on writing CHI papers.


To the Editor: Pitt–Hopkins syndrome (PTHS; MIM #610954) is a rare disorder that was first described in 1978 (Pitt & Hopkins, 1978) and is characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability, autism, typical facial features, and abnormal breathing patterns. These phenotypes can be confused with those of Angelman syndrome (MIM #105830), Rett syndrome (MIM #312750), Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MIM #235730), and ATR-X syndrome (MIM #235730). Three studies (Marangi et al., 2011; Whalen et al., 2012; Zollino et al., 2019) independently formulated clinical diagnostic scores to differentiate PTHS diagnoses from those for other syndromes, and these scores are mainly based on typical PTHS facial features. The prevalence of PTHS is estimated to be between 1:34,000 and 1:41,000 (Rosenfeld et al., 2009), but the number of cases of PTHS confirmed by genetic analysis worldwide is only 273–500 (Goodspeed et al., 2018). As of this writing, a total of five individuals with mosaic TCF4 aberrations have been described who have reproduced children with PTHS and the mosaic ratio has not exceeded 26% (de Pontual et al., 2009; Jehee et al., 2017; Kousoulidou et al., 2013; Kousoulidou et al., 2018; Steinbusch et al., 2013). It has also been reported that patients with nonspecific mild intellectual disability attributable to TCF4 variants have reproduced successfully. However, there have been no reports of individuals with PTHS with nonmosaic TCF4 variants producing children (Sweetser et al., 1993; Zollino et al., 2019). Herein, we described the first case of a female patient with nonmosaic PTHS but not infertility. She was molecularly diagnosed by trio whole-exome sequencing (Trio-WES). This present study is the second reported case of PTHS in China, but it includes more photographic details than the previously published study. The Ethics Committee of the Institution of Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital approved the study, and written informed consent was obtained from the mother of the patient with PTHS. No abnormalities were found on karyotype, SNP-array (Affymetrix CytoScan HD/750K Array), and Frag-X analysis which were conducted on the patient with PTHS and her affected son. Subsequently, Trio-WES was performed on the patient, her affected son, and her healthy parents. Sanger sequencing was performed to validate candidate variants. The patient was a 30-year-old Chinese woman of healthy nonconsanguineous parents. The patient presented with a distinctive facial appearance characterized by a squared forehead, arched eyebrows, deep-set eyes, broad nasal bridge, flaring nostrils, midfacial hypoplasia, short philtrum, wide mouth, reduced number of teeth, cup-shaped ears with thick and uneven helixes, and a single palmar crease; the patient was also flatfooted (Figure 1a–d). The patient presented with global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and an absence of proper language development. The patient exhibited a happy disposition and autistic-like behavior, similar to patients with Angelman syndrome. Hypotonia and ataxia were observed when the patient walked (Video S1). Mild hyperventilation occurred while the patient was awake. There was no indication of epilepsy. Cranial nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI) examination revealed small, softening lesions in the anterior horn of the left ventricle and a broadening in the left temporal pole of the subarachnoid space (Figure 1i,j). The patient had a clinical PTHS diagnostic score of 11, which is consistent Haoxian Li and Yanghui Zhang contributed equally to this work. Received: 21 February 2019 Revised: 17 July 2019 Accepted: 22 July 2019 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61325


Introduction. Resident doctors are susceptible to burnout syndrome, which are the combination of physical and psychological fatigue, that may affect their performance. Long-term pandemic of Covid-19 may also contribute to increase the severity of burnout among residents doctor, might be because the increasing of work time and effort to treat the patients during the time while maintaining prevention against the possible exposure that may harm themselves. This study was aimed to evaluate burnout prevalence among ENT (Ear-Nose-Throat) medical residents in Covid-19 pandemic, and its relation to certain factors of demographic and wellness.
Methods. Thirty ENT medical residents of Medical Faculty of Sriwijaya University were enrolled as study population. Burnout was measured by Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and divided by three parameters (personal,work-related, patient-related).
Results. Among 30 ENT resident doctors at Rumah Sakit Moh. Hoesin, the mean level of personal burnout was 53.056 (SD 17.125), work-related burnout was 47.975 (SD 17.663), and patient-related burnout was 34.861 (SD 20.746).
Conclusion. Marriage, female gender, and inadequacy of PPE may contribute to the development of burnout. The burnout among resident doctors is a serious matter regarding their role as a frontline doctor during the pandemic era, because it may affect not only their performance at work, but toward their life as well.


Palaeotemperature estimates obtained from 74 sites in northern Europe, and collectively spanning approximately the last 45 000 yr (radiocarbon time-scale), have been compiled as a major component o ...


Undoubtedly, the important wireless technology is now undeniable, as fewer people turn to wired solutions every day. Nowadays, an increasing number of users rely on wireless technology due to mobility, convenience and affordability.


Afghanistan is currently recovering from two decades of war, including ten years of Soviet occupation and ensuing civil strife. The process will not be easy, and the post-Taliban government is facing problems of drought, insecurity, and decimated infrastructure and social services. I recently spent a month working with Afghan women and men on rebuilding Afghanistan's shattered education system. I was an education specialist for the International Rescue Committee (IRC), a humanitarian agency working in conflict and post-conflict countries. Our education work with the Afghan community includes working with girls' education programs for Afghan refugees in Pakistan and for Afghans inside Afghanistan in areas of high repatriation. While I have worked for the past eight years on education issues related to refugees, migrants, and war-affected populations in Latin America, Africa, and the Balkans, my experience in Afghanistan served to remind me anew of the importance of recognizing the lived realities of the people for whom development is intended. In the face of the newly arrived throngs of international actors working on the reconstruction of Afghanistan, it becomes all the more important to listen to the voices of Afghan men, women, and children because, to be successful, development must involve local perspectives. Kabul in the beginning of 2003 was a city in flux. It was teeming with international experts and specialists working for the United Nations, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the U.S. government, with a new batch arriving every day. The airport had been significantly spiffed up during the preceding months with the installation of new glass windows, although there still was no heat and no one had removed the heap of destroyed airplanes at the end of the runway. The Chinese restaurant in Kabul had just opened a bar, and there were rumors of Thai and Mexican restaurants opening soon, which would practically double die dining options catering to "internationals" flying into Kabul. A few women (non-Afghans, of course) were seen in public with formfitting clothing and no headscarf. Many "internationals" recognized each other from working in past "hot spots." Indeed, there was a running joke among the internationals that, touching on the culture of professional development practitioners, everyone now working in Kabul had served either in Kosovo or East Timor. For anyone who has worked in analogous crisis, post-conflict, or development settings, this scene is familiar. The logistics of development work, especially in post-conflict areas receiving international attention, usually entail a massive influx of international actors where previously only a few were present. This surge of international people, money, and action only exacerbates the already existing tension between international and local perspectives. While many organizations are committed to development strategies that attend to local knowledge and operate from the ground up-indeed, much writing has been done on this subject-there is inevitably an encounter between different frameworks. This encounter can occur on many levels and can be as basic as international organizations having staffhiring procedures based on merit whereas local mechanisms are based on family networks. The cultural relativism debate is becoming increasingly sophisticated, and few would argue that, categorically, international organizations must always defer to local knowledge or vice versa. This is especially true when local practices prevent women from participating in development work. But in the hubbub of throngs of international actors descending into a post-conflict country, it is imperative to ensure that local voices have a sustained place at the table, or else development efforts, however well planned or thought out, will be stymied. This is certainly the case with Afghanistan. The organization with which I am affiliated, the IRC, has been working with and for Afghans for over twenty years, since long before the Taliban was covered in the international press. …


There is a well‐known association between atopic dermatitis (AD) and hand eczema but less is known about how age at onset, persistence and severity of AD influence the risk of developing hand eczema.


The article deals with the problem of psychological support of professional self-realisation of pre-retirement age people. The psychological features of the personality in the pre-retirement age, determining the key changes in professional activity, are analysed. The article presents the results of a diagnostic study of social values and preferences, features of self-realisation, mental states in the pre-retirement age. This category of people is characterised by unpreparedness for drastic changes in a valuable professional life, high anxiety, which confirmed the need for psychological help. Based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, the results of psychological diagnostics, a program of psychological support for professional self-realisation of people of preretirement age was developed and implemented in the practice of the Employment Centre, the successful implementation of which allowed formulating several conditions for the psychological provision of professional selfrealisation of people of pre-retirement age.


Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a common cause of vaginitis, affects 75% of women in their lifetime. In Kenya, vaginitis/VVC is managed using the vaginal discharge syndrome guidelines. We assessed how frequently healthcare workers consider the diagnosis of vaginitis/VVC in symptomatic women, and adherence to the syndromic guidelines, outpatient records at Nairobi City County health facilities, of non-pregnant symptomatic females aged ≥15 years were abstracted. Descriptive statistics were applied, and analysis of determinants of practice determined using multivariable logistic regression models. Of 6,516 patients, 4,236 (65%) (inter-facility range 11–92%) had vaginitis of which 1,554 (37%) were considered VVC (inter-facility range 0–99%). Vaginitis was associated with facility, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–4.76) and aOR 0.03 (95% CI 0.02–0.04); and month, aOR 0.33 (95% CI 0.25–0.43). Vaginal examination was in 53% (inter-facility range 0–98%). Adherence to syndromic treatment was 56% (inter-facility range 0–83%), better with older patients (aOR 7.73, 95% CI 3.31–18.07). Vaginitis and VVC are commonly diagnosed in symptomatic patients in Nairobi; adherence to the syndromic guidelines is low and differs across the health facilities. Interventions to improve adherence are needed.


The utility model relates to a locating ring for wafer grinding, comprising a ring body, which is a round no-end ring, the inner diameter is combined with the external diameter of the wafer to be grinded, to register the wafer to be grinded, and drives the wafer concentrically to rotate; the end edge of the circumferential wall of the ring body has an annular flange of proper width and height of homobody, the annular flange is provided with a plurality of convex holes of equidistantly circularly arrayed, which are separately used to embed with a copulative screw sheath; the screw sheath is combined with the number of the convex holes on the annular flange of the ring body, to respectively embed the convex holes to locate; and also a plurality of water outlet holes, which are arranged on and penetrated the circumferential wall of the ring body, are used for effluent; the improved part is that the lower edge of the ring body is provided with a plurality of waste grooves invaginated in the ring body, the waste grooves, of which the internal end is closed and gradually expands to the peripheral edge to be oblique conoid, use the centrifugal force of the wafer grinding locating ring rotating, to reject out the waste generated by the grinding through the waste grooves.


For all Confidential documents (CN, CL, CR): This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary to NGMN Ltd. The information may not be used, disclosed or reproduced without the prior written authorisation of NGMN Ltd., and those so authorised may only use this information for the purpose consistent with the authorisation. The information contained in this document represents the current view held by NGMN Ltd. on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. This document is provided " as is " with no warranties whatsoever including any warranty of merchantability, non-infringement, or fitness for any particular purpose. All liability (including liability for infringement of any property rights) relating to the use of information in this document is disclaimed. No license, express or implied, to any intellectual property rights are granted herein. This document is distributed for informational purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Readers should not design products based on this document. For all Confidential documents (CN, CL, CR): This document contains information that is confidential and proprietary to NGMN Ltd. The information may not be used, disclosed or reproduced without the prior written authorisation of NGMN Ltd., and those so authorised may only use this information for the purpose consistent with the authorisation. The information contained in this document represents the current view held by NGMN Ltd. on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. This document is provided " as is " with no warranties whatsoever including any warranty of merchantability, non-infringement, or fitness for any particular purpose. All liability (including liability for infringement of any property rights) relating to the use of information in this document is disclaimed. No license, express or implied, to any intellectual property rights are granted herein. This document is distributed for informational purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Readers should not design products based on this document. A model is developed to predict traffic levels in transport networks used to backhaul LTE eNodeBs. Backhaul traffic is made up of a number of different components of which user plane data is the largest, comprising around 80-90% of overall traffic, slightly less when IPsec encryption is added. The remainder consists of the transport protocol overhead and traffic forwarding to another base-station during handover. Network signalling, management and synchronisation were assumed to be negligible. User plane traffic was depends on the characteristics of cell …


Cadmium(Cd) accumulation in rice is greatly influenced by genotypes and environmental factors. In this study, ten early and eight late rice cultivars, widely planted in Hunan Province, were selected as genotype materials and were planted at four experimental sites in each of safe, and slightly and lowly contaminated areas. The AMMI model was used to analyze genotype and environment interactive effects on Cd content and stability in rice. Soil Cd pollution degree and plant growth season had significant impacts on Cd accumulation in rice. The ratios of rice Cd to the official maximum allowable limit in late rice were significantly higher than those in early rice cultivars in the Cd contaminated sites. Cadmium content in early rice was significantly influenced by genotypes. Therefore, varieties with low and stable Cd content in rice grain could be chosen to reduce Cd accumulation in early rice. However, environmental factors had dominant effects on cadmium accumulation in late rice. It would be critical to analyze the genotype and environment interaction to determine appropriate areas for late rice cultivars with low Cd accumulation. The stability of Cd accumulation in rice was determined by Di values, which is important for guiding extension of rice cultivars with low Cd accumulation.


Vessel Integrated Automation System (VIAS) offers higher performances in operational, monitoring, data sharing, maintenance system, solution, and possibly intelligence system that can improve ship performances. VIAS also performs easier of ship operations, crew efficiency, early warning system, and higher levels of both safety and security. On this paper the VIAS applied to the 38 m patrol boat. Code will be generated on the forms of virtual monitoring, installation diagram, mimic, and operation desk. The existence of VIAS onboard a ship is expected to technically improve the entire ship performances in terms of safety, security and longer life cycle.


The vanilloid receptor VR1 is a ligand, heat and proton gated ion channel, expressed predominantly by primary sensory neurons. We show the molecular characterization of VR1 and its involvement in nociceptive behavior. Biochemical analysis of VR1 showed glycosylation at N604 and the predicted tetrameric structure. Reduced pH potentiated the gating of the receptor by NADA and anandamide in recombinant VR1. Acidification could sensitize VR1 and lead to hyperalgesia. Therefore, the VR1 antagonist capsazepine was tested in several animal models. Capsazepine reduced formalin induced nocifensive behavior and CFA induced mechanical hyperalgesia, and was antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic in animal models of neuropathic pain. VR1 antisense oligonucleotides inhibited VR1 expression in vitro and reduced tactile allodynia in vivo. In conclusion, we could provide evidence for a role of VR1 in inflammatory and neuropathic pain pathways.


As an integral part of management control system (MCS), performance measurement systems (PMS) influence manager's behavior towards enhancing his/her performance through the assessment of the performance in performance evaluation process. To be an effective control mechanism, PMS must have the capabilities to influence managers' behaviors towards desired organizational goals which in line with the central tenet of MCS. However, the performance measures used in the process of performance evaluation must be perceived as fair by managers to achieve the intended managers' behavior. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of controllability of objective performance measures on distributive and procedural justice. The framework proposed suggests that controllability of objective performance measures is positively associated with managers' perceptions of distributive justice and procedural justice. Data will be obtained through a mailed structured questionnaire survey distributed to departmental managers in large size companies listed in the directory of Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM). The findings are expected add to the empirical evidence on PMS and organizational justice. They will further provide explanations on what causes performance measures to be perceived as fair by managers.


"The future looks decidedly depressing, not only because of the global financial crisis (GFC) but also the response to it. From the perspective of health promoters, it is even more depressing when we set the GFC alongside global warming, the oil and energy crisis and the food crisis. They are all interrelated. They all point to a truly major health crisis – especially for the poor of the world. Financial crises generally affect health in different countries in different ways.1 The results depend on a mix of factors – reductions in family income lead to reduced medical spending and to malnutrition; reductions in public spending in poor countries result in cuts in public health services; informal caregivers enter the labour force, decreasing their ability to care for those who are more dependent; poverty and inequality are increased and so on."


The total numbers of masl cells (MC) in popliteal lymph nodes of homozygous nude (nu/nu) and phenolypicaily normal, heterozygous (+/nu) BALB/c mice are greater than in normal (+/+) BALB/c mice at approximately 6 months of age. The values obtained from 4‐ to 7‐month‐old (nu/nu) and (+/nu) mice are twice as high as those from 2‐ to 3‐month‐old mice. It is concluded that the thymus does not directly determine the number of MC in lymph nodes, but the presence‐of the nu gene or another gene closely linked to the nu gene regulates the number of MC.'Nude' mice infected with hepatitis virus accumulate many more MC than do healthy mice.


A book that's already sold close to 200,000 copies, The Competitive Runner's Handbook will now offer all the latest information needed to design basic training programs; special workouts to increase strength, endurance, and power; schedules and worksheets to develop individual goals; and specifics on preparing for all kinds of races--with an emphasis on the 10K and the marathon. Informed by their over thirty years of coaching experience, the Glovers give winning tips on alternative training, footwear and diet, and common injuries and illnesses, as well as sensible advice on balancing running with work and home life.


Abstract Knowledge of the parameters of the human spine is essential in designing ergonomic furniture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate spinal alignment in adolescents of various ages. The lengths, curvatures, and concave–convex spacings of the spine were investigated in 268 participants aged 9–18 years. Ten ages were classified, and the rate of increase of parameters was calculated for each age and age group. The results showed that spinal parameters, except for cervical lordosis, increased with age. Adolescents were classified as 9–10, 11–12, 13–15, and 16–18 years old. A rapid increment of lengths and concave–convex spacings occurred at ages 13–15, while that of curvatures occurred at ages 16–18. Spinal parameters differed significantly among the age groups (p < 0.05). Concave–convex spacings reflected differences in the spine more clearly than the other parameters. This study suggests the necessity of designing spine-related furniture based on spinal parameters, thus providing adaptive support for the adolescent spine, particularly the lumbar spine. Practitioner summary: This study examined spinal lengths, curvatures, and concave–convex spacings in adolescents aged 9–8 years and then divided them into four age groups. Concave–convex spacings effectively reflected spinal differences between age groups, particularly the lumbar spine. These results can inform the ergonomic design of spine-related furniture. HIGHLIGHTS Spinal parameters increased progressively between 9 and 18 years. Regression analysis showed good linear correlations between TK, LL, SK, TS, and LS with age. Age classification of adolescents was Group I (9–10 years), Group II (11–12 years), Group III (13–15 years), and Group IV (16–18 years). The rapid increment of lengths and concave–convex spacings were in Group III while that of curvatures were in Group IV. Concave–convex spacings were vital parameters to evaluate the global balance of the spine. The lumbar spine is an essential segment for characterizing spinal alignment.


The study examined channel and market structure of dried fish in Maiduguri Metropolis of Borno State, Nigeria. Data were obtained using structured questionnaire. Three (3) major dried fish markets were purposely selected out of the seven (7) markets in the study area to reflect areas where dried fish sellers are predominantly found. A total of 100 respondents from the three (3) markets were randomly selected for the study. Descriptive statistics, Ginni coefficient, least square simple regression and budgetary techniques were used as analytical tools. The result reveals that marketing channel is divided into wholesalers and retailers of fresh and processed fish (dried fish). The finding also indicates that the values of Ginni coefficient were (0.5478) and (0.5252) for wholesalers and retailers, respectively. And the dried fish market had non competitive behaviour with monopolistic nature. The finding also reveals that (82%) of the marketers engaged in marketing Grade C dried fish products. The result of economies of scale reveals that the coefficient of wholesalers was (-0.005) while that of retailers was (-0.741) and are all negative but, statistically significant at 1% and 5%, respectively. It was recommended that local dried fish marketers should be organized into cooperative groups and government should provide adequate infrastructural facilities such as good road net work and marke t facilities. Keywords : Marketing channel, Market Structure, Dried fish, Borno State, Nigeria.


The history of the Negro is giving meaning to three important objectives in life: (1) It creates a more favorable public and popular opinion, (2) it increases the economic, cultural and scholastic opportunities; and (3) it inculcates a just pride, loyalty and ambition in our younger generation. The history of the Negro, first of all, places him in the light of a human being-as one who has come from indentured servants and slaves, through the stream of civilization with its attendant vicissitudes, to a place of achievement, citizenship and honor where his deeds are studied objectively. His record proves that he is this human being, because he is thinking, attempting and doing what other people so considered are doing in the course of a lifetime. This effort ever changes the attitude of others toward him; and more important, his own attitude toward himself. The Negro does not have to accept the propaganda that he does not measure up to other races, for recourse to his history shows that his people achieved in whatever field of endeavor they seriously chose to fit themselves. Now without this history, one's perspective of a future would be considerably dimmed; for all otherwise available about the Negro is the constant reminder, in song and story, in comic strips and advertisements, that the Negro does not belong in the same mental and physical horizon as his white brother. In bringing to the public the facts in terms of history, the cause of the Negro in awakening the world to a realization of the whole truth is thereby advanced; and it thus helps to solve one of the major problems in our social order by interpreting the Negro more factually to his neighbor. In a country where many races have contributed to


The Consortium of Higher Education Researchers (CHER) was founded in 1988 to stimulate international communication and collaboration of higher education researchers. A need was felt to offset the isolation of the small numbers of scholars in this area of expertise in many countries, as well as the isolation of individual disciplines addressing higher education, as well as to form a platform that might enhance the theoretical basis and the quality of research activities. CHER was expected to contribute to the identity of higher education researchers vis-à-vis a fuzzy mix of higher education experts. Last but not least one hoped for increasing comparative research in higher education. A 'light' network approach was advocated from the beginning in order to absorb new themes and members at ease. The majority of higher education researchers active in CHER are Europeans, though academics from other continents play a visible role. CHER was quite successful in pursuing its initial goals, but higher education researcher continue in most countries to be a small academic community facing problems of being publicly heard outside academia amidst evaluators, policy analysts, consultants and others claiming to be 'experts' on higher education.


The copyright of teachers' teaching courseware apparently differs according to teachers' initiative and willingness during the course of the courseware creation.The rights ownership is respectively dealt with copyright.The school is supposed to balance the interest relationship among the teachers,efficiently protect the teachers' teaching enthusiasm.


In a deeply stratified rural society a good stratagem on the part of those in power is to exaggerate the shortcomings of the lower classes. Such exaggerations justify domination over, and the curtailment of respect for, the rural poor. James Scott misunderstands the disempowering nature of this stratagem and believes the exaggerated tales related by the rich about the poor. This is what leads Scott to romanticize these stories as 'everyday forms of resistance' by an empowered rural poor, and thus to ignore what such tales really are: sources of routine repression by the rich. Drawing on fieldwork in rural Uttar Pradesh, this article demonstrates how propertied classes systematically exaggerate the failings of poor peasants in order to justify the routine repression exercised over them.


The UK's withdrawal from the European Union in 2020, as well as the 2016 referendum, had a significant impact on the functioning of many economic mechanisms and even on the lives of people in the European Union and the United Kingdom. The tightened scope of work after the 2020 pandemic has only worsened the state of many enterprises. Consumers faced heavy taxes on imported goods and services, as well as restrictions on movement between countries. The article presents a detailed analysis of the consequences of Brexit for different parties of the negotiations, as well as illuminates the situation in 2021. As you know, everything has become even more complicated with the pandemic. In recent years, it has become increasingly difficult to reach a reasonable compromise on how to get out of this crisis: the UK economy is shaken by shortages of medical equipment, hospitals, and resources to save enterprises from COVID-19, while the introduction of new taxes on trade with the European Union is becoming more complicated due to Brexit.


Immigrant students are targets of ethnic harassment in school context in their host country. Prior studies demonstrated that being victim of ethnic harassment has consequences for the psychological ...


The review analyzes A.N. Savenkov's monograph "Nuremberg: A Verdict for name of Peace" with a special emphasis on theoretical disputes and principled legal positions of legal scholars of the USSR, the USA, Great Britain and France in terms of understanding and types of international crimes; the possibility of bringing to criminal responsibility the state, its head and representatives of the ruling political group; understanding complicity in a crime; giving retroactive effect to the norms fixed in the Statute of the International military tribunal. The study scrupulously presents the arguments of each of the opposing parties. For the first time, the domestic reader gets the opportunity to get acquainted with the discussions held in Western specialized literature, therefore, one of the main scientific achievements of the monograph is the introduction into circulation of a huge, new array of bibliographic sources.


Studies of the mass balance of small glaciers in the Alps have drawn increasing attention during the last decades. The worldwide retreat of glaciers provides one of the clearest signals of a change in global climate (Knap et al, 1997). During the ablation season on a glacier, the absorption of short-wave incoming radiation is the dominant source of melt energy. Spatial variations in albedo have a large effect on the amount of melt during the melt season on glaciers and ice sheets (Greuell et al., 2002). In order to monitor the temporal behaviour of glacier surfaces and volumes, remote sensing techniques have become increasingly popular. We make a quantitative comparison between reflectances derived from a Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) satellite image and


Because of striking changes in certain of the blood constituents, especially phosphorus, which follow adrenal extirpation in cats, and the fact that these animals present unusual changes in respiration a few hours preceding coma and death, it seemed probable that acid intoxication was one of the train of symptoms leading to death from epinephrectomy. Unilaterally operated animals were used as controls. The amount of serum protein, total nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, serum carbon dioxide, serum chloride, inorganic phosphorus and total base was determined. The pH was also determined. The second adrenal was extirpated from 5 to 7 days after the removal of the first gland. The blood determinations were made again when the animals showed marked symptoms of adrenal insufficiency. The blood was obtained with the usual precautions, and all the determinations were made accroding to standard procedure. The acid values of protein, bicarbonate, chloride, and phosphorus were calculated as described by Peters et al. 1 Total acid was taken to be the sum of all the determined acids. Organic acid was calculated by subtracting total acid from total base. The results of the blood determinations showed that marked changes occurred in the blood following bilateral adrenal removal. 1. The tension of carbon-dioxide always dropped. 2. There was always a fall in pH. 3. The proteins rose in all except one case. 4. There was usually a marked rise in phosphorus. 5. The serum bicarbonate always diminished. 6. The total acid always diminished (i. e., at the expense of bicarbonate). Certain values showed variation in different individuals. 1. Changes in chloride concentration were variable. 2. Total base showed a striking drop in three animals. 3. Organic acid was not consistently affected, although it tended to be higher in the operated animals.


By experimental study,we found that some regularity existed in dry matter accumulation and alkaloid formation.The results showed that before June 10 was the stem and leaf construction period,from June 10 to October 10 was the root nutrient accumulation period and from September 10 to October 10 was the accumulation peak period.Construction of reasonable groups,which extended the function of leaves in the middle and late growth period,is the key to high-yielding and excellent production.


Boundary value problems for second order elliptic differential equations and systems in a polyhedral domain are considered. The authors prove Schauder estimates and obtain regularity assertions for the solutions.


The petrographic composition and transport direction of medium and coarse-grained clastic material of Dilj gora Mt. which is located in the south Pannonian basin, show that this area experienced several changes in provenance of arriving detritus through the Neogene. Detritus for the oldest Lower Miocene (Ravan unit) was transported generally from the south and most probably derived from clastic and carbonate sediments and metamorphic rocks of the Internal Dinarides. Detritus of the Lower Miocene–Middle Miocene (Tuk unit) was originated by weathering of acid magmatic and metamorphic rocks with significant input of materials from local sources, primarily from the Internal Dinarides and from Požeska gora and Dilj gora Mts. During the entire Middle Miocene (Zdenci, Dubovik and Glogovica units) and through the older part of the Late Miocene (Croatica and Pavlovci unit) the deposition of siliciclastic gravel and sandy detritus was less significant. Only the Middle Miocene deposits (Kasonja unit) contain clastic detritus derived from granitoids, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks of the hinterland. The source area of this detritus was most probably in the Slavonian Mts. (Papuk, Psunj, Požeska gora Mt.) or the mountains of northern Bosnia (Motajica Mt.). At the time of late Upper Miocene (Andrasevec and Nova Gradiska units) detritus derived from different metamorphic and older sedimentary rocks. The structural and mineralogical maturity of these sediments and their transport directions indicates an Alpine-Carpathian provenance of material. Most of the detritus of the Pliocene sediments (Cernik unit) also belong to an Alpine-Carpathian provenance, however a small part of it is of local origin and came from uplifted and mainly sedimentary rocks.Determinated various textural characteristics and diverse modal compositions and provenance of Neogene clastic material of Dilj gora Mt. can be attributed to differing source rock compositions and locations of source areas, but they are also the product of different controls on sedimentation such as different rates of subsidence and extension of Pannonian Basin interrupted by compressional events, basin water-level fluctuations connected with global sea-level changes and infilling of PB by delta progradation.


SUMMARY This paper presents a new class of complexvalued compact-supported orthonormal symmlets. Firstly, some properties of complex-valued compact-supported orthonormal symmlets are investigated, and then it is shown that complexvalued symmlets can be generated by real-valued half-band filters. Therefore, the construction of complex-valued symmlets can be reduced to the design of real-valued half-band filters. Next, a design method of real-valued half-band FIR filters with some flatness requirements is proposed. For the maximally flat halfband filters, a closed-form solution is given. For the filter design with a given degree of flatness, the design problem is formulated in the form of linear system by using the Remez exchange algorithm and considering the given flatness condition. Therefore, a set of filter coefficients can be easily computed by solving a set of linear equations, and the optimal solution is obtained through a few iterations. Finally, some design examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


e15605Background: Considering the cumulative neurotoxicity induced by oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapy is one of the standard adjuvant chemotherapeutic choices for stage III colorec...


In a way, Leonardo da Vinci's succinct characterization of water also applies appositely to the aquatic subclass Alismatidae Takht. ('alismatids'). Indeed, the long evolutionary history of this remarkably diverse group of monocotyledons has resulted in numerous adaptations to facilitate an existence in water, and these represent a substantial departure from their terrestrial counterparts. Arguably, alismatids represent the greatest adaptive radiation of freshwater plants on Earth. Here recognized to include 11 families, 57 genera and approximately 477 species (Table 6.1), the group contains a rich diversity of floral and vegetative habits, pollination systems (including the largest concentration of water-pollinated species) and also the only occurrences of marine plants in the angiosperms. Formal studies of alismatid relationships began 40 years ago, initially by phenetic and cladistic analyses of nonmolecular data. The first macromolecularbased phylogeny of the subclass did not appear until 1993, when roughly half of the families and fewer than 20% of genera were evaluated using rbcL sequence data (Les et al., 1993). The most comprehensive phylogenetic survey of alismatids


Volume 11, Supplement 1, April 2010 JICS 2 Most critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) need some kind of sedation and/or analgesic regimen for at least part of their stay. Sedation is needed to minimise patient discomfort, stress and anxiety in the unfamiliar environment, facilitate the performance of tests and transportation, and enhance compliance with mechanical ventilation.1-3 However, it is critically important to avoid underor oversedation, due to the wide ranging associated adverse consequences. If a patient is under sedated they may experience pain, anxiety, hypertension and/or tachycardia; they may inadvertently remove devices and catheters; and, if they are unable to synchronise with the ventilator, hypoxic brain damage and hypercarbia may also occur.4,5 Conversely, if a patient is over sedated, they may fall into a coma, suffer from respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia, gastrointestinal tract paralysis, renal failure, mental depression, and their immune response may become suppressed.4 Furthermore, they may require a longer period on mechanical ventilation, which may increase the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia and lung injury.6-8


Ridgway on the Anatomy of the Humming-Birds and -Swifts.-A Rejoinder.-XVhat I say here has reference to Mr. Ridgway's reply to my review of his "popular monograph of the Humming-Birds," which review appeared in the October NATURALIST, and his reply in the December following issue of that journal (1892, P. 1040). In that reply Mr. Ridgway remarks that his description of the humming-bird's tongue "is substantially a condensation of MacGillivray's " (in Audubon's Birds of America, Vol. iv, pp. 197, 198), -and that his "knowledge of the subject is based chiefly upon it." Now one of the errors I pointed out in Mr. Ridgway's " HummingBirds" was that he claimed the tongue in those birds was " hollow," and yet he now states that his account is a condensation of Macgillivray's lucid description. Let me contrast the statement of the two ,authors, thus:


: Nanotechnology is an emerging multidisciplinary technology that has shown tremendous success in a variety of fields. Nanostructures have the potential to improve the physical qualities of traditional textiles in regions such as antibacterial capabilities, water repellence, dirt resistance, colour fastness, and textile material strength. Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology provide chances to construct next-generation water supply systems by leapfrogging. Nanotechnology-allowed water and wastewater treatment has the probable to not only overcome fundamental challenges confronting current treatment technologies, but also to bring innovative treatment abilities that may allow for the cost-effective exploitation of atypical water sources to increase water supply. The present work focus to degrade the methylene blue (MB) was studied by a photocatalytic process in attendance of ultra violet irradiation using ZnO/CeO 2 nanocomposite catalysts in a batch reactor. The reaction was kept at room temperature. The nano-composite catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation method using Zn(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O and Ce(NO 3 ) 3 .6H 2 O as main raw materials. The synthesized catalyst was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and BET surface area analyzer. After characterization, the catalyst was treated by degrade of methylene blue through photocalysis. The different process conditions such as weight of catalyst, reactant concentration, irradiation time and pH of solution were applied. The effects of energy source and oxidising agent were also investigated. The maximum removal of MB about 99% was achieved using this prepared catalyst.