Type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) is also known as von Recklingausen's disease. Among patients affected by NF1, fast-growing plexiform type neurofibromas have a high rate of malignant transformation and need to be distinguished from benign plexiform neurofibromas. Here, we describe an emergent case presentation with rapid transformation of neurofibromatosis into a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a male patient in his early 20's, who was admitted with a 4-day history of urinary retention, pelvic "fullness," and lower back pain. Highlighted are computed tomography imaging characteristics of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, exemplified by a large retroperitoneal/pelvic mass compressing the bladder and both ureters, resulting in bilateral hydronephrosis and urinary retention, and prompting urgent surgical resection. Associated MRI images and an intraoperative photograph are also presented.
 The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Patient care, Medical knowledge, Systems-based practice


Arborine (I), a quinazolone alkaloid was isolated from the leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Rutaceae) and was found to have a growth inhibitory effect on the larvae of Drosophila melanogaster.


The article presents data on the experimental reproduction of acute and subacutye forms of African Swine Fever (ASF) in domestic swine infected by highly virulent field ASFV (isolate Abkhazia 02/07). The pathomorphological changes have been found.


Five experiments were conducted in Ontario, Canada from 2016 to 2018 to determine how doses of S-metolachlor and halosulfuron applied preemergence (PRE) should be adjusted to control specific weed species in white bean. S-metolachlor, halosulfuron, and S-metolachlor + halosulfuron caused minimal (1% to 4%) injury in white bean. Weed interference reduced white bean yield 54%. On average, weed interference with S-metolachlor and halosulfuron decreased yield 34% and 29%, respectively. In contrast, white bean seed yield was similar to the weed-free control with the S-metolachlor + halosulfuron tankmixes. S-metolachlor applied alone controlled A. theophrasti, A. retroflexus, A. artemisiifolia, C. album, E. crus-galli and S. viridis 0% to 3%, 78% to 93%, 0% to 9%, 5% to 15%, 97% to 99% and 96% to 98%, respectively. Halosulfuron applied alone controlled A. theophrasti, A. retroflexus, A. artemisiifolia, C. album, E. crus-galli and S. viridis 39% to 87%, 93% to 99%, 64% to 88%, 34% to 59%, 10% to 30% and 13% to 35%, respectively. S-metolachlor + halosulfuron tankmixes controlled A. theophrasti, A. retroflexus, A. artemisiifolia, C. album, E. crus-galli and S. viridis 47% to 94%, 98% to 100%, 78% to 94%, 37% to 78%, 94% to 98% and 91% to 96%, respectively. Weed density and biomass reductions with the herbicides evaluated followed the same pattern as visible weed control assessments. Results from this study indicate that doses of S-metolachlor and halosulfuron, when applied as a tankmix, should be adjusted based on a weed species composition in each individual white bean field.


The Sounds of Speech. Basic Speech Acoustics. Perception of Vowels. Perception of Consonants. Categorical Perception. Motor Theory of Speech Perception. Distinctive Features and Phonetic Feature Detectors. A Theory of Acoustic Invariance. Dichotic Listening. Parallel Distributed Processing Models: Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down. Studies of Infant Speech Perception. Development of Speech Perception. Speech Perception in Animals. Disorders Affecting Speech Perception. References. Index.


Generally, the problem studied i n this dissertation concerns a particular phenomenon encountered i n conveying granular solids in gaseoussolids phase horizontal transport. The phenomenon i s that at a certain velocity particles w i l l no longer be conveyed, but w i l l settle on the tube bottom forming a layer of stationary solids. Specifically, the goal of this study was to obtain a relationship between the depth of these layers and a l l the pertinent variables. This relationship was found to be where: r i s the layer depth d i s the particle diameter D i s the test section pipe diameter g i s the local acceleration of gravity Wis the solids flow rate/pipe cross-section area pp i s the particle density ^ i s the ai r density The values or range of values of the pertinent variables for which the above relationship applies i s as follows: d 0.032 to 0.201 inches D 2 and 3 inches W 0.68 to 33.3 lb/sec f t 2 ' 15 to 79 lb/cu.ft.


Objective To explore anti-Escherichia coli(E.coli) mechanism of antibacterial peptides from Musca domestica larvae secretion.Methods Electron microscope,sodium dodecyl sulfonate-polyacylate gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE),and flow cytometry were used to study the anti-E.coli mechanism of antibacterial peptide extracted from housefly(Musca domestica) larvae.Results The bacterial number decreased obviously and the endoenzyme leaked out after the treatment of antibacterial peptide.Transmission electron microscope showed that the bacterial cells shrinked and became smaller and thinner.The cell contents of E.coli leaked out.SDS-PAGE electrophoregram showed that some of the solubility proteins of the bacterium diminished or even vanished and some new protein bands appeared.Cell cycle was affected and the count of bacteria increased in phase I but reduced in phase R(11.89% vs 45.25%) compared to that of the control.And the E.coli went into declining phase directly instead of normal logarithmic phase.Conclusion The permeability of cellular membrane of bacteria and the synthesis of protein associated with growth and cleavage of bacteria were changed by the antibacterial peptide.


Introduction and aim: Through proper design and the name of the manufactu re of spirits want to gain confidence as consumers, to influence their ch oices, it is best done automatically without a thorough analysis of the information about the prod uct. Article is an attempt to trace the trend in the naming of vodka women in the world and in Russi a. Vodka is a unique product and the consumer's ability to explore the information on th e basis of which it will assess and decide on the purchase, are limited. Material and methods: The research material was taken from websites vodk a producers, advertisements published on the Internet, web brand ing companies, dealing with the introduction of brands on the market, portals dedicated to asses sing and alcohols ranking. This article is an attempt to analyze and design the names of vodka fo r women. Results: Vodka for women are usually presented as a product of fashionable, stylish and attractive. Some combine exclusivity, club lifestyl e, subtle femininity. Conclusion: Regardless of country of origin addressed women's s pirit are liberated women, aware of their values, knowing what you want in lif e, who like entertainment, wanting to look fashionable and modern. The words used in the naming and design elements ca be associated with a sexual fetish, e.g. sensual corset, stiletto heels.


Optical cable (20) comprising a central reinforcing element (22), optical units (24) stranded around said central reinforcing element (22) and an outer cover (26) with an essentially constant thickness; wherein said outer cover (26) is disposed around said optical units (24) stranded around said central reinforcing element (22) so that it reproduces the shape of the twisted optical units (24) in said outer cover ( 26) thereby forming an outer textured surface characterized in that said textured exterior surface is between 1 and 2, four periodic undulations per cm (between 2, 5 and 6 per inch) along the axial direction of the optical cable (20) and wherein said outer cover (26) is made of a material having a coefficient of friction less than 0, 34.


The Gangster's Daughter (2017) is a Taiwanese film directed by Mei-Juin Chen. As a documentary director, in her interview1, Chen expressed her proposition that she did not tend to clearly distingui...


Blood loss in spine surgery is an important issue, even though it appears underestimated, or at least understudied, compared to hip and knee arthroplasty surgery. Blood loss, however, may be an acute problem not only in major deformity surgery but also in less extensive fusion procedures. Decreasing bleeding is important for maintaining a patient's hemodynamic equilibrium and allowing a better view of the surgical field. In spine surgery, the latter aspect is especially important because of the vicinity of major and highly fragile neurologic structures. The surgeon's comfort shortens surgery time, which further decreases bleeding. In this article we will summarize the main techniques used to spare blood in spine surgery during the perioperative period: from the immediate pre-op to the post-op period. Most of those modalities will be described in greater detail elsewhere in this issue.


The regulation of Lp(a) clearance from circulation by cellular uptake remains enigmatic. While multiple receptors have been implicated in Lp(a) uptake, each receptor only partially accounts for this uptake, and no endocytic mechanism has yet been prescribed for Lp(a) internalisation into the cell. In this study, we define macropinocytosis as the endocytic pathway responsible for internalising Lp(a). In both liver and macrophage cells, Lp(a) uptake is dependent on extracellular calcium and is inhibited by amiloride or its derivative EIPA. The uptake of apo(a) alone is mediated by macropinocytosis, indicating the apo(a) protein component is a primary regulator of Lp(a) uptake. Importantly, we found that common antidepressants modulate Lp(a) macropinocytosis in cell-type dependent manners. In macrophages, the tricyclic antidepressant, imipramine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) citalopram, fluoxetine and sertraline all inhibit Lp(a) uptake. In liver cells, imipramine and citalopram strongly stimulated Lp(a) uptake, while sertraline inhibited uptake. Imipramine and citalopram enhanced Lp(a) uptake by enhancing cell surface binding of Lp(a) rather than upregulating macropinocytosis per se, indicating that immobilisation of Lp(a) on the plasma membrane is an important regulatory step in Lp(a) macropinocytosis. As the liver is the major catabolic route for Lp(a), we dissected the functional consequences of imipramine and citalopram stimulated uptake in liver cells. Both drugs increased Lp(a) delivery to Rab11-positive recycling endosomes, but not late endosomes or lysosomes, resulting in increased apo(a) recycling into the cellular media. Given that free apo(a) is reported to undergo consistent proteolysis in the extracellular space or in circulation, these results support the potential for the already approved drugs, imipramine and citalopram, as promising therapeutics to lower Lp(a) levels. This approach displays special utility in the large group of people who suffer from depression and anxiety for whom these drugs are commonly prescribed.


JUST OVER five years ago, research chemicals provider Sigma-Aldrich launched a fine chemicals business under the SAFC brand. Through a series of business and technology acquisitions, coupled with steady internal investment, the business tripled in size and today has about $600 million in annual sales. From its start as a custom manufacturer of pharmaceutical chemicals, SAFC has also become a major supplier of cell-culture products for biomanufacturing and advanced materials for electronics. "We are a 'fine molecules' supplier, meaning that we are in both small and large molecules, and not only in chemistry but biology, materials science, and analytical chemistry, as well," SAFC President Gilles A. Cottier explained at a recent briefing for reporters. SAFC's goal is to help customers make products by providing science-based tools and high-tech manufacturing. As the business strategizes for its next five years, this goal "translates into what we are and what we want to be," he added. ...


ACL injury has been associated with increased insta bility of the knee in both in vitro and in vivo studies using passively applied forces. This study assessed tibiofemoral rotation after ACL injury during the func tional activity of treadmill ambulation using a triaxial electrogoniometer. Isometric and isokinetic peak torques of the quadriceps and hamstrings were ob tained using the Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer. Significant increases in tibiofemoral rotation were noted with increased running speed in the injured and normal knees. The degree of rotation in the injured limb did not significantly exceed that of the normal limb. Isokinetic strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings correlates significantly with the observed extent of ro tation.


Report of a research made at the UFRGS's Law School by the Research Group "International Law in evolution: international organizations and economic integration process" about the tourist as consumer and its protection at the different international organizations. The work was divided by continents; the text presents the abstract of the research about the American continent and the works of the UN, specially the World Tourism Organization – UNWTO on the subject.


This study aimed to know the difficulties of use Twitter in the educational process from the perspective of social studies teachers in the State of Kuwait, in order to achieve the objectives of the study researchers answered the following question: What are the difficulties faced when using (Twitter) in the educational process from the standpoint of social studies teachers in the State of Kuwait? In order To answer the study question the researcher Prepared and designed A questionnaire as the tools of study about the difficulties of use Twitter in the educational process from the perspective of social studies teachers, and the number of respondents (150) members. The results of the study revealed the existence of many of the difficulties experienced by teachers in the use of Twitter in the educational process.


For workers, industrial accidents exert a bad effect on the productivity, quality of life, and depress the morale. This study aimed to examine the overall influence on job performance of employees who returned to work after industrial accidents. This was a cross-sectional study using the data of 2013 and 2014 Panel Study of Worker's Compensation Insurance (PSWCI), and we performed logistic-regression analysis to analyze an affinity between general characteristics and job performance as independent variable and outcome variable, respectively. As a result, the major factor depressed the job performance were the 1 - 7 degree of disabilities and injuries with convalescence period for 6 to 9month or more than 12 months. In other words, this study shown that job performance was decreased as higher degree of disability and longer convalescence period. Job performance is the factor to identify indirectly worker's successful return to work, and it is important in follow-up of workers who returned to work after industrial accidents. Stable job performance of an industrial disaster victim is the key factor to maintain worker's comfortable and qualitative life as well as increase of productive capacity.


This paper describes the GPS global positioning technology and GPRS mobile communications technologies vehicle remote management capabilities of the platform,focusing on its analysis of the trials in the vehicle specific applications


Various problems will be certainly met with in teaching and education and the solutions are different.But according to psychology,the most effective way is using "positive information effect".If we use it properly,we can get on well in personal relations and make the students in a happy and gay mood and we can also develop the healthy and energetic mood of the students so that we can make our schoolyard beautiful and quiet,where it's suitable for students to form good characters.


A novel two-step successive route to well-defined water-soluble poly(2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate) [poly(DHPMA)] and the amphiphilic block copolymers of DHPMA with styrene (St) or methyl methacrylate (MMA) was developed by combining the living anionic polymerization method with an osmylation reaction. Homopolymers of allyl methacrylate (AMA) with various molecular weights (Mn = 5900−170 000) and narrow molecular weight distributions (MWD; Mw/Mn = 1.06−1.16) were first prepared by the anionic polymerization of AMA using 1,1-diphenylhexyllithium (DPHL) as the initiator, in THF, in the presence of LiCl ([LiCl]/[DPHL]0 = 3), at −70 °C. Under similar conditions, the anionic block copolymerization of AMA with MMA generated well-defined di- and triblock copolymers with controlled molecular weights and compositions as well as narrow MWDs (Mw/Mn = 1.05−1.16). Further, block copolymers of St and AMA with various compositions were prepared by performing the anionic block copolymerization of AMA from a 1,1-diphen...


How aberrations of pump wave affect second harmonic generation is studied. The solution is applied to type I second harmonic generation in KDP crystal. The results of conversion-efficiency and transverse intensity distribution in second harmonic generation of Gaussian beam and super-Gaussian beam with aberrations of Zernike polynomials are presented.


Some pharmacologically active novel Schiff Bases derived by condensation of 2-(2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3-carbonyl)hydrazine-1carboxamide with various aldehyde derivatives by using catalytically amount of glacial acetic acid. Such compounds were elucidated by different physico-chemical techniques like, melting point, IR, 13 CNMR, mass, elemental analysis. The novel Schiff bases bearing coumarin moiety have been screened for their anti-microbial activity by disc diffusion method. The Schiff base derivative of N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl) methylidene]-2-(2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3-carbonyl)hydrazine-1-carboxamide (IIb) and N-[(4-nitrophenyl) methylidene]-2-(2-oxo-2H-1benzopyran-3-carbonyl) hydrazine-1-carboxamide (IIc) show more potent anti-microbial activities compared with its other derivatives.


Abstract Prior research has shown that solitary confinement (i.e., restricted housing, isolation, or segregation) exacerbates mental illness and individuals with no prior record of mental illness begin to show signs of psychiatric symptoms. These effects may be even greater for younger offenders incarcerated in adult prisons. The current study examines the relationship between mental health and segregation among 92 waived juveniles in or released from the New Jersey Department of Corrections. The results suggest a statistically significant, positive association between time spent in segregation and number of mental illness diagnoses. Policy implications are discussed regarding the potential damaging effect of isolation.


Ultracapacitors (UCs) are the significant component of the energy storage systems (ESS) in the electric traction applications. In the field of electric transportation the UCs need to be modeled dynamically in order to capture real-time characteristics. The model should provide precise estimation of UC responses to various charge/discharge conditions and also predict the behavior of UCs under varied load conditions. In order to incorporate the model for testing purposes in various power electronics/drive simulation toolboxes, it is very important for the model to be accurate. This paper aims at the experimental validation of an accurate parameter identification procedure for an UC model using random charging/discharging current pulses of different magnitudes. The UC model can estimate the output voltage without the extraction of the model's branch parameters. The critical parameters have been estimated dynamically from characteristic equations. The estimation technique for an equivalent RC branch model is simulated and the output voltage response, controlled between Vmin (0V) and Vrated (2.7V) of a single UC cell, has been presented. Finally, the simulation results obtained from the identification technique are validated against the actual charging results obtained from applying charging pulses to a 1200F UC.


Iodinated contrast media are routinely used in clinical practice for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Adverse effects of their administration have an incidence of 3 %, and mostly consist of mild skin allergic reactions, with severe reponses such as anaphylaxis representing only 0.22 %. Contrast-induced thrombocytopenia is an extremely rare, underdiagnosed condition that most often occurs after infusion of hyperosmolar contrast agents, with low-osmolarity compounds being less likely the trigger. We report a systematic review of this condition based on the currently available series of case reports (18), as well as the clinical course of the presentation and platelet count during episodes. The physiopathogenic mechanism remains unknown, although the presence of some immune-mediated process involving changes in platelet aggregation and activation is currently accepted. Platelet response is immediate (within a few hours after exposure to the contrast agent) and consists of a fall in platelet count to < 20 x 109/L, which returns to normal at day 3 or 4. Diagnostic criteria are based on those by George and Arnold, the latter more specific for drug-induced thrombocytopenia. No routine diagnostic laboratory tests are presently available to establish a definite diagnosis, and treatment usually consists of support measures to prevent complications from occurring, but steroids, immunoglobulins, plasma exchange and/or platelet transfusions may be used. Despite its low incidence, iodinated contrast-induced thrombocytopenia is a complication to consider that may cause severe thrombocytopenia after administration of iodinated contrast agent during some diagnostic test and/or angiography.


Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to assess the relative contribution of flavin‐containing monoxygenases (FMO) and CYP‐mediated pathways with respect to total metabolic flux of selected compounds. Methods: The contribution of FMO and CYP in hepatic metabolic flux was assessed in human liver microsomes in the presence of CYP and FMO isoform specific inhibitors. In addition, FMO heat sensitivity was also employed in liver microsomal evaluation. The reaction phenotyping was further refined using individual human recombinant CYP and FMO isoforms. The metabolic flux through each identified pathway was normalized to the content of the individual CYP and FMO isoform in human liver microsomes and expressed as % Total Normalized Rate (%TNR). Results: A marked contribution of FMO in the total metabolic flux of the selected compounds (~50%) was observed. The normalization of the metabolic rates to the CYP and FMO isoform contents suggests that CYP3A4 and FMO3 are the main isoforms responsible for the compounds in vitro metabolism (87–99%). Conclusions: While FMO isoforms play an important role in drug metabolism, most literature based approaches for reaction phenotyping primarily evaluate CYP‐mediated metabolism. In the current study, CYP and FMO demonstrated comparable contribution total metabolic flux of the selected compounds. The marked contribution of FMO metabolism of the selected compounds may provide an advantageous property for minimizing the potential for adverse drug‐drug interactions. FMO isoforms are not readily induced nor inhibited by drugs or environmental chemicals.


tag=1 data=An analysis and visualization of the risk associated with the potential failure of Indonesian Nuclear reactors. by John Taylor

tag=2 data=Taylor, John

tag=3 data=CRES Working Paper [http://anusf.anu.edu.au],

tag=5 data=1

tag=6 data=1996

tag=7 data=12 p.

tag=8 data=NUCLEAR POWER

tag=10 data=An analysis of the risk that a release of radioactive gas would reach Australia from a possible reactor failure in Java has been performed using the Australian National University Chemical Transport Model. Indonesia is about to decide whether to build its first nuclear power generator.

tag=11 data=1996/2/6

tag=12 data=96/0257

tag=13 data=CAB


Research shows that the exclusion of families' funds of knowledge (FoK) from the curriculum contributes to low levels of school engagement. This study is part of an ongoing research project aiming to promote school engagement among students from immigrant backgrounds through the strategic use of FoK. We provide an overview of the project design and explain how it has been implemented in the specific context of early childhood education in a school in Catalonia. A qualitative approach is used to assess the effect of the process from the teacher perspective, contrasting positive aspects with some of the difficulties experienced. We conclude that including families' FoK in pedagogical practice can contribute towards improving student engagement and fostering more inclusive educational environments.


We propose a metric that can measure the influence of a node in a layer of a neural network to a node in subsequent layers. The metric, called influential scores, enables us to interpret the effect of elements in the input layer on the output layer. Furthermore, it provides us a way to inspect hidden layers of a neural network. When the former usage is applied to an image classification task, one can see which parts of an image contribute positively and which parts work negatively to the classification result. That is, the metric provides an interpretable explanation about the input image on the classification result. For the latter, we could explain how hidden layers control the output layer values.


The prime aim of the present study is to present analytical formulations and solutions for the buckling analysis of simply supported functionally graded plates (FGPs) using higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT). This study considers the thickness stretching effect and non-zero transverse shear stresses conditions on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate. It does not require shear correction factors. Material properties of the plate are assumed to vary in the thickness direction according to a power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The equations of equilibrium and boundary conditions are derived using the principle of virtual work. Solutions are obtained for FGPs in closed-form using Navier's technique. Comparison studies are performed to verify the validity of the present results from which it can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and efficient in predicting the buckling behavior of functionally graded plates. The effect of side-to-thickness ratio, aspect ratio, modulus ratio, the volume fraction exponent and the loading conditions on the critical buckling load of FGPs is also investigated and discussed.


Based the analysis of the deficiency existing in current neural network ensemble method, a new method based on sort learning algorithm was proposed, which contains several predictors. This is true provided the combined predictors are accurate and diverse enough, which posses the problem of generating suitable aggregate members in order to have optimal generalization capabilities. According to the new algorithm, the data used in the training have been discriminated using different strategies firstly. And then the weights of the participated neura1 networks have been optimized to obtain the minimum estimate error. Finally the classified results were presented after the ensemble process of them. A significant advantage of this algorithm in the classification accuracy and speed has been demonstrated experimentally and theoretically, comparing with the classical model.


Abstract Before the 1980s, LGBT groups in Latin America were largely (though not entirely) excluded from the state. This article argues that a combination of factors—democratization, social movement demands, neoliberal globalization and its accompanying discourse of modernity—has led many state actors to seek to incorporate LGBT groups into the state. Considering two cases of self-proclaimed revolutionary parties, Mexico's PRI and Nicaragua's FSLN, the article examines how and why these parties incorporated LGBT organizations and what impact such incorporation had on the LGBT groups themselves. In both countries, LGBT groups benefited from clientelistic resources at the same time that they found themselves deradicalizing, often forced to accept visibility without rights. But in Nicaragua, a more recent revolutionary experience and ties to a combative, autonomous feminist movement have allowed some LGBT activists to resist the state's efforts to co-opt their movement.


Background In many developing countries micronutrient deficiencies-including zincare prevalent in children. To provide stronger bases for addressing the importance of zinc in growth promotion and weight gain, this systematic literature review was conducted. Data sources Studies published in English language were retrieved by searching MEDLINE (19662005) as well as manual searching for journals with relevant articles. Study selection Only randomized controlled trials with results adjusted for children age, socioeconomic status and nutritional status (according to Z-scores) were included. As well as information on study design, sample size and outcome measures. Results Seven studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review with regard to the effect of zinc on promotion of weight gain in malnourished children. Five studies showed a significant weight gain after supplementation with zinc, while two studies showed no effect. Conclusion Zinc may have a positive effect on weight gain in malnourished children. However, more research is needed to understand the mechanism of zinc on different body systems and functions, its effect on child health and whether, its positive effect holds for its intervention as part of nutritional programs. Introduction Malnutrition is frequently part of a vicious cycle that includes poverty and disease. These three factors are interlinked in such a way that each contributes to the presence and permanence of the others. Socioeconomic and political changes that improve health and nutrition can break the cycle; as can specific nutrition and health interventions (1). Malnutrition usually refers to a number of diseases, each with a specific cause related to one or more nutrients, for example protein, iodine, vitamin A or iron. In the present context malnutrition is synonymous with protein-energy malnutrition, which signifies an imbalance between the supply of protein and energy and the body's demand for them to ensure optimal growth and function. This imbalance includes both inadequate and excessive energy intake; the former leading to malnutrition in the form of wasting, stunting and underweight, and the latter resulting in overweight and obesity(1). Trace mineral deficiencies underlying protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) are being increasingly recognized. These may occur concomitantly with PEM or become overt during the recovery phase. Iron (Fe), zinc (Zinc), and copper (Cu) malnutrition are associated with PEM (2). Increased gastrointestinal losses coupled to greater need for rapid growth are considered important causative factor. Zinc is an essential nutrient, which is required to maintain the normal structure and functions of multiple enzymes, including those that are involved in transcription and translation of genetic materials and therefore in cell division (3). Zinc might also influence the growth of young children particularly in resource poor countries where dietary intake or absorption of zinc may be inadequate (4) and excessive zinc loss may occur due to frequent enteric infections(5). Nevertheless, the lack of simple objective biomarkers of zinc status has hindered the ability to implicate zinc deficiency as a cause of growth failure in human. During the last two decades, Zinc deficiency has been identified in humans with inadequate intake or with various dietary factors that interfere with Zinc absorption. Fiber, phytates, and other minerals such as Cu have been demonstrated to decrease Zinc bioavailability (6). Zinc nutritional status is highly dependant on absorption from diet since body stores of these essential elements are quite small (7). Zinc needs for optimal growth have not been fully defined for either normal or malnourished children. Nevertheless, studies in animals and human suggest that Zinc requirements are increased during rapid growth. Golden has demonstrated that inadequate Zinc intake may be a limiting factor for growth in malnourished infants (8). Objective To review the available data on the effect of zinc on the improvement of weight gain in children under five years of age with protein energy malnutrition.


In order to improve the recognition rate of multi-face image, this paper proposes a face image recognition method based on haar-like and Euclidean distance. First of all, the initial features of Haar are moved in the image and gradually enlarged, the pixel sum of the feature area is obtained quickly by using the integral graph. The Haar feature is obtained by calculating the difference between black and white pixels in the feature region, and the threshold of weak classifier is calculated. Then, the extracted facial feature data is trained and classified to form a cascade classifier for face detection. Finally, the face of the image to be detected is compared with the training samples by using Euclidean distance. The experimental results show that the time of one attendance is 5-10 seconds and the success rate of face recognition is 91.1%, which verifies the advantage of the algorithm in improving the efficiency of attendance.


Although the deciphering of the marine magnetic anomalies was a crucial step in conceiving the plate tectonics theory and establishing its validity, most introductory physical and historical geology textbooks and laboratory manuals do a poor job of explaining the topic. In an effort to remedy this problem, I have developed an exercise that has students use magnetic-profile data gathered in the south Pacific to test the Vine-Matthews-Morley hypothesis. The profiles used in the exercise consist of the central 520 km of the famous Eltanin 19N profile and the 260 km immediately northeast of the ridge of the Eltanin 20N profile. Both profiles were made in late 1965 and were among those first used to demonstrate the validity of the VMM hypothesis. In the course of doing the exercise, students correlate the peaks and valleys of the Eltanin 19 profile from side to side of the East Pacific Rise and then correlate the El 19 and El 20 profiles which cross the East Pacific Rise about 560 km from each other, measure d...


We continue the analysis of the problem of metastability for reversible diffusion processes, initiated in \cite{BEGK3}, with a precise analysis of the low-lying spectrum of the generator. Recall that we are considering processes with generators of the form $-\e \Delta +\nabla F(\cdot)\nabla$ on $\R^d$ or subsets of $\R^d$, where $F$ is a smooth function with finitely many local minima. Here we consider only the generic situation where the depths of all local minima are different. We show that in general the exponentially small part of the spectrum is given, up to multiplicative errors tending to one, by the eigenvalues of the classical capacity matrix of the array of capacitors made of balls of radius $\e$ centered at the positions of the local minima of $F$. We also get very precise uniform control on the corresponding eigenfunctions. Moreover, these eigenvalues can be identified with the same precision with the inverse mean metastable exit times from each minimum. In \cite{BEGK3} it was proven that these mean times are given, again up to multiplicative errors that tend to one, by the classical {\it Eyring-Kramers formula}.


The present paper is aimed at presenting its authors' description of the spatial dynamic distribution of heavy metal content in the farmland soils by selecting Nantong, Jiangsu, as the targeted area. In the given research, all the statistical data are processed on a BP Artificial Neural Network Model and problem-solving tasks through GIS technology. The results of our description prove that ANN modeling can not only enable us to grasp intelligently the mapping relationship between spatial position and heavy metal content, but can also help to predict robustly the heavy metals content in every spatial interpolating dot. by using Arcgis analysis. As the result of our study , it is found that there are two kinds of soil heavy metals, Pb and As, are the most serious pollutants in the local farmland soils with others relatively mild; in the whole main region of Nantong district. Tongzhou city and Rudong city, as a matter of fact, prove to belong to lower pollution areas, though some sections, such as the township areas in Nantong, Haimeng and Qidong, heavy metals pollution prove to be very severe. However, the least soil heavy metals content region is located in Rugao town and Haian town. Thus, the description of the spatial dynamic distribution of heavy metal content in the farmland soils proves to be conformed with the actual tested facts perfectly in the regions to be covered. Thus, all the results of our study helps to provide a new thought and model for such heavy metals distribution objectives and serve for crop-planting and growing layout perfectly.


This is the revised version of an address to psychologists interested in peace research which the author delivered at the Conference of Developmental Psychology, Bern, Switzerland, in September 1987. The paper represents an overview of the literature spawned by the "majority paradigm" of questionnaire research focussing on children's and adolescent's fears of war, and the critique of this research (e.g. Tizard 1984, 1986). Recent and more promising contributions of psychological research into questions of war and peace are outlined. Finally, against the background of American and British experience, professional options available to socially responsible psychologists are discussed.


[1] The hydrodynamic characteristics of mesoscale eddies of the southern Gulf of California are described from observations made in August 2004. Vertical profiles to ~1000 m were made with a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) probe with dissolved oxygen and fluorescence sensors, and a lowered acoustic Doppler profiler. The four sampled eddies were aligned along the Gulf axis and had alternating sense of rotation. The Okubo-Weiss parameter was used to calculate the eddy core radii, and it also revealed that the current field of almost all the sampled area was eddy dominated. The mean radii of the eddy cores varied between 32 and 36 km. Maximum surface velocities were 0.4–0.5 m/s. The anticyclonic eddies were 500–700 m deep, while the cyclones were 450–500 m deep. The depression of the isolines associated with the anticyclonic eddies was ~100 m at depths between 200 and 400 m; however, the thermocline/pycnocline, which spanned from ~20 to 75 m, was domed by ~10 m. The cyclonic eddies lifted the isolines by ~70 m at depths above 500 m, but the isolines were flat above ~60 m. This suggests that different dynamics operate in the layer above the strong and shallow pycnocline. In particular, the wind stress curl can affect circulation and pycnocline topography and, therefore, the patterns that appear in chlorophyll satellite images. In our case, the eddies were detectable in those images because of the chlorophyll-enhanced streamers along their edges and, for anticyclones, probably because the chlorophyll maximum found at 40–50 m depth was domed following the pycnocline.


Panic buying of toilet rolls in Australia began in early March 2020. This was related to the realisation that the novel coronavirus was spreading across the country. To the general population the impact of the virus was unknown. Gradually the federal government started closing the country's borders. The panic buying of toilet rolls was not unique to Australia. It happened across all societies that used toilet paper rather than water to clean after defecation and urination. However, research suggests that the panic buying was most extreme in Australia. This article argues that the panic buying was closely linked to everyday notions of Western civilisation. Pedestal toilets and toilet paper are key aspects of civilisation and the fear of the loss of toilet paper is connected to anxiety about social breakdown, the loss of civilisation. This is the fear manifested in the perceived threat posed by the virus.


The study was focus on assessing waste scavenging activities in Calabar, Cross River State. Specifically, the study appraised the socioeconomic characteristics of solid waste scavengers in Calabar and analysed the contributions of scavengers in the waste management process. The study obtained data through questionnaire administration. A total of 50 copies of questionnaire were distributed purposively to waste scavengers in the study area while descriptive statistics was used in carrying out analysis. It was observed that scavenging is exclusively carried out by males and those between 31 years and 40 years dominate the waste scavenging process. It was equally revealed that the married form a larger percent of scavengers in the study area. Scavengers were observed to be engaged in picking up irons/metals, plastics, glasses, copper, bottles as well as vegetables and food remains. Scavengers are mainly involved in the exercise in order to enable them earn a living. Therefore, wastes materials that are pickup in the process are sold out to recycling companies. Specifically, iron scraps pickers sell them to iron recycling companies while vegetable waste pickers sell to fertilizer production companies. Very few scavengers use the wastes they pick up for personal uses. However, it was noted that scavengers contribute positively in the management of solid waste in Calabar. Based on the findings, it was suggested that waste sorting should be encouraged among youths through the organization of sensitization campaigns and the awareness since it has the potentials of reducing unemployment while promoting waste management. Equally, scavengers should be recognized by the government as managers in the waste sector and be given some incentives


this paper is presenting the findings of project work that involves finding more efficient and faster circuit logics to bring down the clock skew. Clock skew is the instantaneous difference between the readings of two clocks arrival time. Clocks are used to drive many individual units in a circuit i.e. they are required at many points throughout the circuit at the same time. The problems pertaining to transportation of clock signals are that a fraction of current reaches millions of transistors (because of fan-out) and the clock reaches far away units at a delayed time. Both these problems can be rectified by using efficient clock inverter and clock buffer circuits. Clock skew can be reduced by either increasing delay in the faster clock path to match the slower path or by reducing the delay in the slower path by improving driving strength. To match the arrival times, tunable clock buffers and clock inverters will be designed. This paper presents speed efficient circuits for clock buffers and clock inverters which can be implemented in the pre (clock tree synthesis stage) CTS. Pre and post layout analysis are done and results are obtained using cadence tools considering sample NOC router architecture. Clock buffer designed using gpdk 045 node and compared with the proposed clock buffer of 45 nm node. The timing slack of the designed standard cells improves by 45.9% and power consumption decreases by 2.09%.


This note investigates the impact of labor unions on the starting salaries of academic librarians. Using data collected from members of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) and employing standard ordinary least squares (OLS) and seemingly unrelated regressions techniques, the union relative wage gap was estimated annually over the 1989-1998 time period. Three important results were found. First, unionized academic librarians received a positive and significant union wage premium throughout most of the decade studied. Second, this wage premium declined in magnitude over time following the trend in the economy as a whole. Lastly, by the end of the sample period, the wage effect had disappeared and was no longer significantly different from zero.


Title: Neurosyphilis with dementia and bilateral hippocampal atrophy on brain magnetic resonance imaging Authors: Shima Mehrabian (firstname.lastname@example.com) Margarita Raycheva (firstname.lastname@example.com) Martina Traykova (email@example.com) Tonya Stankova (email@example.com) Latchezar Penev (email@example.com) Olga Grigorova (firstname.lastname@example.com) Latchezar Traykov (firstname.lastname@example.com) Version: 4 Date: 2 September 2012 Author's response to reviews: Dear Prof. Jason R Richardson, We would like to thank the editorial board of the Journal of BMC Neurology for the interest in our manuscript, and for the constructive comments. Enclosed Please find the revised version of our manuscript. We sought the assistance of the professional editing service "Edanz" to improve the quality of written English. We hope these changes adequately address the editorial' requests and thank you again for the opportunity to improve the paper.


The present article proposes the calculation of a floating working platform assembled from small plastic floating pontoons used in drilling underwater borehole. The author uses self-programmed software by the Visual Basic language to check the buoyancy, the stability of the platform. Result of the survey shows optimal option of floating working platform to apply in practice. The author draws conclusions for the selected option of platform to build a scientific basis to determine the possibility of using plastic floating pontoon to make floating platforms used for the drilling underwater borehole.


As an incident shock wave hits a material interface between two fluids of different densities, the interface becomes unstable. Small disturbances at the interface start to grow. This interfacial instability is known as a Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instability. It plays an important role in the studies of inertial confinement fusion and supernova. The majority of studies of the RM instability were in plane geometry—namely, plane shocks in Cartesian coordinates. We present a systematic numerical study of the RM instability driven by cylindrical shocks for both the imploding and exploding cases. The imploding (exploding) case refers to a cylindrical shock colliding with the material interface from the outside in (inside out). The phenomenon of reshock caused by the waves reflected from the origin is also studied. A qualitative understanding of this system has been achieved. Detailed studies of the growth rate of the fingers at the unstable interface are presented.


This paper is a concise study of the major guidelines of the research conducted by the author for his doctoral dissertation on the different relationships between the town of Oporto and the Douro region, based on a central element for the economic development of both areas: the wine production.


The book is an omnibus of essays that is well researched and discussed. It was written predominantly for social scientists; however, this is not only for academicians, students and the like. I recommend the book to everyone who wants to know, learn, and understand who we (Filipinos) are and what we are as Filipinos. With this, we can establish a strong Filipino identity and not just relying on the paradox of 'true' Filipinos. Because the identity of Filipinos is not a mixture of conflicting influences from other cultures rather a mixture of biological inherited traits (features) and the eclectic mix of borrowed, shared and adapted Western and Southeast Asian cultures.


An advanced design for a complex fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with a multi-channel triangular reflection spectrum is proposed. This method allows a smooth apodization profile of FBG which is suitable for the phase-mask writing technique.


Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle,the analytical expressions for the degree of polarization,the degree of coherence and the spectrum of partially coherent electromagnetic flat-topped beams in turbulence are derived by using the quadratic approximation of Rytov's phase structure function.The influence of atmospheric turbulence on the propagation property is studied.The propagation property of electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (EGSM) beams through atmospheric turbulence is just a special case.It is shown that the degree of polarization and coherence of partially coherent electromagnetic flat-topped beams is independent of the bandwidth.After sufficient long propagation,the degree of polarization of partially coherent electromagnetic flat-topped beams with different beam orders tend to the same value at the source plane due to turbulence.The turbulence makes the difference of the degree of coherence between partially coherent electromagnetic flat-topped beams and EGSM beams decrease.The oscillatory behavior and phase singularities of the degree of coherence of partially coherent electromagnetic flat-topped beams may disappear in the turbulence.The spectral transition of partially coherent electromagnetic flat-topped beams with better coherence may disappear because of turbulence.


Background: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) constitute a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, adding to the economic burden for the patients. cADRs have varied and diverse presentations of morphology and severity. The present study aimed to explore the spectrum of cADRs reported in a tertiary care setup in Eastern India. Methods: A cross-sectional, single-center-based observational study was undertaken which included all the patients reporting with suspected cADRs. The patient details, ADR characteristics, and other relevant details were noted. Detailed pharmacovigilance workup, including causality, severity, and preventability assessment, was performed. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: 0.16% incidence of cADRs was observed, with the most common form being urticaria, followed by fixed drug eruption, maculopapular rash, and erythroderma. The most common drug class suspected to cause cADR was antimicrobials, followed by corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. While most reactions were of moderate grade in severity, majority of the reactions were under "possible" causal category. 22.1% of the reported cADRs were not preventable. Conclusion: Proper diagnosis and optimum management of cutaneous ADRs are critically challenging and important.


Abstract A simple qualitative model of global ice cover is presented to account for the apparent catastrophic transitions between glacial and interglacial climates. Unlike the Budyko (1972) and Weertman (1976) models, the catastrophe model employs a second control parameter besides the oribtally induced insolation fluctuations to differentiate between fast and slow glaciological response mechanisms. It is conjectured that this second control parameter is linked to isostatic actions occurring beneath the continental crust which shift the dynamic emphasis from terrestrial to marine ice margins.


The problem of the participation of cellular and humoral factors in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune diseases has been discussed for more than two decades without arriving at a definite conclusion. The lack of correlation between the intensity of tissue damage and titer of humoral antibodies (1, 2) in the fact of the existence of such a correlation with delayed skin reactions (3) suggested that autoimmune damage is a delayed type of hypersensitivity. Thereafter, the successful transfer of autoimmune disease by lymphoid cells (4, 5) and the failure of transfer by serum (1,6) enforced the belief that circulating antibodies do not play a causative role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, in recent years, successful serum transfers of autoimmune diseases have been reported. In these experiments rather special procedures were used for inducing the tissue damage: injection of the serum into the target organ (7, 8), the removal of the target organ from donors (9), x-irradiation of donors (10) or recipients (11), and pretreatment of recipients with Freund's adjuvant or 131I (11).


COVID‑19 has a negative impact not only on the respiratory system, but also on other organs and systems, including the endocrine. Cases of lesions of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, gonads and pancreas are described. Hypocorticism in COVID‑19 patients can be caused by various reasons: damage to the adrenal endothelium, bilateral hemorrhages and heart attacks. Adrenal insufficiency in patients with COVID‑19 can have a negative impact on the prognosis of coronavirus infection. A clinical case of primary adrenal insufficiency is presented. The patient was hospitalized three times within 2 months with complaints of dyspeptic phenomena, weight loss. A sharp increase in complaints was noted after the transferred COVID‑19. The diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency was assumed after the appearance of a specific brown color of the skin. Hypocorticism has been confirmed in the laboratory. Cases of primary adrenal insufficiency after COVID‑19 can cause difficulties in diagnosis, because clinical manifestations are similar to the phenomena of post-ovoid syndrome in the form of asthenic syndrome: weakness, decreased appetite, weight loss.


Formation of nanocrystalline Al_3Ti, TiAl, Ti_3Al, and Ti_5Si_3 composites by mechanically alloying (MA) in the Ti–Al–Si system and subsequent annealing treatment are investigated. Microstructure development was monitored by x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. An amorphous phase could be generated through milling for 100 h. The results of annealing at different temperatures on this amorphous phase show that the formation of titanium aluminides (Al_3Ti, TiAl, and Ti_3Al, according to the initial relative amount of Ti and Al) and Ti_5Si_3 (the only silicide produced by the crystallization reaction) take place. Annealing produces nanocrystalline composites of Al_3Ti, TiAl, Ti_3Al, and Ti_5Si_3 with a grain size less than 20 nm. With increasing annealing temperature, the crystalline sizes of the phases increased.


ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to examine the sensitivity of several movement variables during running to exhaustion adopting a cross-sectional design. Thirteen recreational runners, that systematically trained and competed, performed an exhaustive running protocol on an instrumented treadmill. Respiratory data were collected to establish the ventilatory threshold in order to obtain a reference point regarding the gradual accumulation of fatigue. A machine learning approach was adopted to analyse a set of 29,650 data points (individual steps) of kinetic and kinematic data, using a random forest classifier for the region pre and post the ventilatory threshold. The overall accuracy of the model was 0.914 (95% CI: 0.907–0.919). The four most important variables, and more sensitive in predictive ability, as it was concluded from the variable importance procedure and the partial dependence (PD), were the angular range in AP axis of upper trunk C7, the maximum loading rate, the angular range in LT axis of the C7 and the maximum value of the ground reaction force. Two-dimensional PD revealed considerable interactions for certain areas of the joint distributions between kinetic and kinematic data. These results provide a direction towards understanding the interconnections of kinetics and kinematics of the torso to maintain the coordinated running pattern under fatigue conditions. Highlights Trunk frontal plane kinematics is the most sensitive parameter to fatigue. Practitioners should consider this finding during endurance training. Kinetics exhibit a stable linear increase in mean values but a non-linear increase in variance during an exhaustive incremental treadmill run. This may affect training at a submaximal fatigued state. Specific areas in the joint distributions of kinetics and kinematics during treadmill running exhibit increased sensitivity in predicting fatigue state.


Qualitative potential of the main historical sources in revealing the process of state administration in the sphere of Soviet cooperation under the conditions of "war communism" and the new economic policy is studied. The author's classification of documentary sources is proposed.


Ageing is associated with the development of medical conditions, both acute and chronic. The aim of this study was to determine whether medical factors were associated with subsequent self- and officially-reported crashes and traffic offences in a group of cognitively healthy older drivers. The authors surveyed medical conditions, medications taken for these conditions, and the amount of subjective distress associated with medical conditions in a group of 56 drivers aged 72-85 years for a period of 24 months. They also compared exposure to driving at baseline to the number of crashes or offences at 24 months. They found no relationship between the number of medical conditions or medications taken and whether a participant had a crash or offence. However, those who reported more subjective distress associated with their condition/s were more likely to have a crash or offence during the study period. Drivers who had a crash or offence also had a higher mean driving exposure. However, there was no relationship between reported distress and driving exposure which indicates that these may be independent risk factors for experiencing a crash or traffic offence.


Smooth muscle cell (SMC) accumulation in the inner layer of the vessel wall is a key event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in vein grafts, but the origin of the cells in these lesions has yet to be shown. Herein, we use animal models of vein grafts in transgenic mice to clearly identify the sources of SMCs in atherosclerosis. Vena cava segments were isografted to carotid arteries between four types of transgenic mice, including SM-LacZ expressing β-galactosidase (β-gal) in vascular SMCs, SM-LacZ/apoE−/−, ROSA26 expressing β-gal in all tissues, and wild-type mice. β-gal–positive cells were observed in neointimal and atherosclerotic lesions of all vein segments grafted between LacZ transgenic and wild-type mice. Double staining for β-gal and cell nuclei revealed that about 40% of SMCs originated from hosts and 60% from the donor vessel. This was confirmed by double labeling of the Y-chromosome and α-actin in the lesions of sex-mismatched vein grafts. The possibility that bone marrow cells were the so...


Wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a common material for pier pilings. Research on CCA impacts in estuarine systems indicates that the magnitude of the biological effect is variable and dependent on sediment and water characteristics. To assist environmental agencies in assessing pier impacts a project was conducted in the U.S.A. to investigate the spatial distribution and magnitude of As, Cr, and Cu accumulation in waters and soils near old and new piers. For new piers, soluble metal levels were highest within 2.9 m of the piers. Total As and Cu levels approached background levels at distances of 2.9 m and 1.4 m, respectively. For old piers, total As and Cu approached background levels at a distance of 9.0 m. Total Cr never exceeded background levels. Threshold effects concentrations were exceeded by sedimented As and Cu within 3.6 m of old piers and 2.1 m of new piers. Apparent effects thresholds were never reached. The only water chemistry variable impacted by piers was As with new piers. It was concluded that leachates accumulate only close to piers and at levels below critical biological thresholds, and would be expected to have negligible ecological effects in reasonably flushed areas.


The ultimate propose of foreign language teaching is the realization of cross-cultural communication.However,English teaching in China puts more emphasis on teaching the language knowledge itself,and little efforts are made to develop the learners' competence of cross-cultural communication.The issue is not taken seriously in the process of teaching and learning as well as the preparation of teaching materials.To improve students' ability of using English in practice,it is essential to focus on cross-culture education in foreign language teaching.


An algorithm that generates fixed-polarity Reed-Muller (FPRM) spectral coefficients for five-valued functions is presented in this paper. The presented algorithm takes the disjoint cubes reduced representation of the input function and directly operates on it to obtain its FPRM spectral coefficients. It is simple and can be implemented with small amount of storage space. At the end of the paper, experimental results of the algorithm for several five-valued test files are shown. Generation of the used test files from MCNC binary benchmarks is also described.


Globally, and in the United States, flooding is considered one of the most destructive natural hazards in terms of lives lost, injuries, and economic losses. Despite the growing concern of climate change impacts on organizations in particular and society in general, very little is known about the factors influencing public, private, and nonprofit organizations to prepare for flood hazards. This article examines the predictors of flood preparedness in organizations using information collected via an online questionnaire from a national sample of 2008 employees of public, private, and nonprofit organizations in the United States in 2014. The findings revealed that in general, organization size and organization age are robust predictors of flood preparedness. This article concludes by discussing the implications of the results for theory, offering recommendations for practice, and outlining an agenda for future research on the predictors of flood preparedness at the organizational level.


Over the past decade, metabolic engineering has emerged as an active and distinct discipline characterized by its over-arching emphasis on integration. In practice, metabolic engineering is the directed improvement of cellular properties through the application of modern genetic methods. The concept of metabolic regulations deals with the varied and innumerable metabolic pathways that are present in the human body. A combination of such metabolic reactions paves the way to the proper functioning of different physiological and biological processes. Dealing with the adversities of a disease, engineering of novel metabolic pathways showcases the potential of metabolic Review Articles Mallu et al.; JPRI, 33(39A): 61-67, 2021; Article no.JPRI.71172 62 engineering and its application in the therapeutic treatment of diseases. A proper and deeper understanding of the metabolic functions in the human body can be known from simulated yeast models. This review gives a brief understanding about the interactions between the molecular set of metabolome and its complexity.


The increases in volume which occur when uranium is irradiated are of considerable importance in nuclear engineering since they impose a ceiling to irradiation levels and efficiency. These limitations may be overcome to some extent by principles of design or by the development of improved materials based on an understanding of the fundamental processes involved in swelling. Much of the swelling encountered is a result of the formation of fission products. In particular, bubbles of the inert gases may form and grow at elevated temperatures, and the factors which control these processes are of outstanding interest. Experiments designed to determine changes in density and dimensions in uranium on irradiation at temperatures below about 800 deg C are described and results reported. Severe swelling occurrcd at the higher temperatures. The total amount of gaseous fission products released from specimens during irradiation was small unless swelling reached a critical value. Further changes in volume may occur in uranium if it is annealed above the irradiation temperature after removal from the pile; the presence of irradiation, other than to produce the rare gases is not essential for swelling. Two investigations, involving material of about 0.4 and 0.2% burnup, respectively, are described. In bothmore » cases annealing treatments were carried out at temperatures between 550 and 1,000 deg C, and sufficient bubbles to account for the swellings observed were generally detected on subsequent metallographic examination. Factors involved in the nucleation and growth of such bubbles are considered in the light of the results. The emission of xenon and krypton from uranium into a stream of carrier gas during irradiation has been measured. For foils which were thick compared with the recoil range there was evidence that some type of diffusion process was operating in addition to surface recoil. The apparent diffusion coefficients were found to be greater than those detrrmined in out-of-pile experiments and possible reasons for this are put forward. The rate of escape of inert gases from uranium during short out-ofpile anneals in vacuo, after irradiation to 0.15% burnup or less, followed approximately a diffusion law, and diffusion constants were estimated for various temperatures in the range 400 to 900 deg C. Activation energies obtained in this way were low, suggesting grainboundary diffusion. The part played by diffusion as a factor in swelling is discussed and the effect of bubble formation on the apparent diffusion constants is considered. Methods of calculation, which in some cases have given increases in volume in reasonable accord with observation, have been developed, and improvements in knowledge of the properties of uranium, particularly under creep conditions, are leading to better agreement. The remaining anomalies may be accounted for in a number of ways which are discussed. (auth)« less


Thorne's extension of the Enskog theory to thermal conductivity and viscosity of binary hard sphere fluid mixtures is examined. It is shown that for molecules of the same size and different mass the expression for the thermal conductivity of such a mixture obtained by Longuet-Higgins, Pople and Valleau is identical to the collisional term in Thorne's equation arising from the locally maxwellian velocity distribution. Thorne's equations are evaluated by using the Percus-Yevick approximation for the contact radial distribution functions obtained by Lebowitz. The variations of the transport coefficients are examined as functions of pressure, composition and ratios of diameters and masses of the two species. Some comparison is made with experimental results.


The information presented in this paper is directed to the design and calibration of a simple photometer to measure dustfall. Since the effect of dustfall is a visual one, this effect should be measured and evaluated through a standard based on the measurement of attenuation of light due to deposited dust. The instrument and preliminary field observations described here suggest a very simple method to achieve this end.


Common means of describing complex ПСПСЦУ on the base of a single language of designing task of different parts of control theory are defined: control, estimation, synthesis, direct digital linear/nonlinear control, fuzzy control, one-step/multistep control.


In view of the expansion of broadcasting networks,the paper discusses the significance of developing interactive digital television from the perspective of cultural demands and market competition.In addition,the paper proposes the strategies,procedures and objectives for its development.It also suggests the construction of "four platforms and one system" to ensure the operation of the inactive digital television program in Nanjing.


The USSR first constitution, which prescribed the new state the Soviet Union, rightful principles, main statements and peculiarities are examined in the proposed article.


Appare nt agency acts as agent to be on the basis of one' s fault or the special relation ship b etween self and the agency with no right,mak ing relative people convinc e that th e agency with no right enjoys the attorneyship and and it is civil jur istic act,a kind of special agency having no right to act and the conse-quence of agent ' s behavior is born in person.The purp ose of setting up apparent ag ency system is to protect goodmeaning,relative people' s legal rights and inter ests,to safe guard the trade,to set up safe effective ecomonic development m echanism.In this thesis,through expatiating th e theory of apparent agency con -stitution the author discusses,the intension ,the composition and the p ract ice of agency system in our country.


Work from dawn to dusk is the picture of modern industry in today's society. With the rapid changing of economics and government decree, each industry has a strong competitive entity to fight externally, so it needs to build an efficient and effective solid organized team internally. The company needs outstanding talent (people) who can help the business management philosophy with the goal of sustaining development of business. This study investigated the correlation among management of salary, job satisfaction and job performance of A foods company. The questionnaires were administered and the samples were selected from A foods company by stratified random sampling. 485 quesionnaires were distributed for this study. There were a total of 467 valid questionnaires used in the statistical analysis, and the validity rate is 96%. The research tool used is the questionnaire on the relationship among management of salary, job satisfaction and job performance. SPSS statistics software was empolyed to process all the data through descriptive statistics, T-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe's method, and regression analysis to test the hypotheses. The major findings were as follows: 1.There were significant differences in length of service in relation to the level of management salary. 2.There were significant differences in age, service sector, marital status, educational background relative to job satisfaction. 3.There were significant differences in age, length of service, service sector, marital status, educational background relative to job performance. 4.A foods company's management of salary has significant influence on job satisfaction. 5.A foods company's management of salary has significant influence on job performance. 6.A foods company's job satisfaction has significant influence on to job performance.


Conducting polymers containing inorganic metal oxide materials integrates the materials properties and applications. Chemical oxidation polymerization method was adopted to prepare polyaniline /zirconium vanadate (ZrV2O7/PANI) nanocomposite. In situ polymerization reaction was performed for successful synthesis of PANI/ZrV2O7 nanocomposite. Structural characterization and morphology of the composite was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron micrograph tools respectively. Particle size and bonding nature of the composite was studied by transmission electron micrograph (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) tools. Variation of the electrical behavior of the composite sample was also studied.


The Tamil language has a long literary history, grammatical richness, and cultural richness. The Tamil language is considered to be the oldest language in the world with grammar books like Tolkappiyam, Nannool, Agam, Puram and Moral literature books like Patinenmelkanakku, Patinenkilkanakku, and devotional literature books like Panniru Thirumaraikal and Nalayiram Thiruppadalkal. The twelve Saiva Thirumaraikal are prominent in the devotional literature of the Tamil language. Out of these Panniru Thirumaraikal, the eighth Thirumarai is composed of Thiruvasagam and Thirukkovaiyar, sung by Vadhavooradikal, and praised by the classical Tamil world. This article examines some of the parables and metaphors that are dealt with by Manickavasagar in Thiruvasagam.


Since the collapse of the USSR in 1991, US-Russia relations can be characterized as highly cyclical. The beginning of a new presidency in the United States, or conversely in the Russian Federation, brings with it highly ameliorative expectations for the future of relations between the two powers. By the end of the presidential terms in the respective countries, however, the relationship deteriorates to a point of insolvency. (Stent, 2014, p.ix) This has indeed been of all American and Russian presidencies in the post-Cold war period. The Boris Yeltsin and Bill Clinton era began on almost positive footing, the trajectory of relations advanced by Clinton having declared 'alliance with the Russian reforms'—only to end with the 1999 NATO intervention in Yugoslavia, which lacked authorization from the UNSC and was heavily condemned by the Russian side. (Suslov, 2015) The millennium began with a positive impetus between Vladimir Putin and George W. Bush, exemplified by the 2001 Ljubljana summit meeting and cooperation on counter-terrorism post 9/11, only to be overshadowed by the deterioration of relations due to the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the Russian invasion of Georgia in 2008. (Suslov, 2015)


At present, knowledge plays a key role in the new economy. Nevertheless, its measurement as Intellectual Capital has not been possible from a certainty vision for the states, events and entities, leaving aside the complexity of organizations. This work proposes a paradigmatic shift where the fundamental support is the relational–semiotic condition of human organizations; any deviation from its strategic goals could be explained through the closeness between language and the action emerging from language. Defined as Coherence and Congruity (Sustainability) Management, the process named NETOUT allows increasing both coherence and congruity through co-participating in decisional modeling, and transferring repulsion interactions to organization areas that re-signify the conflict. Configurations arising from Sustainability are Production Cognitive Capital and constitute a measurement of Intellectual Capital.


Based on the statistical analysis amoung eight attacks scoring index of perimeter shot,long distance shot,insider attack,in the games of China to Czech,Brazil,the United Arab Emirates and the United States to Mexico,Hungary,Lithuania in the 26th Summer Universiade,it shows there is a big gap that the shot hit rate,insider attack score and offensive rebounds of the Chinese men's basketball against American Men's Basketball teams.Chinese men's basketball team has not yet formed a distinct characteristic of tactical style,so it is difficult to adapt to the high level of offensive and defensive combat.


Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) are social and group-oriented primates. Like many primates, mandrills utilize self-directed behavior, but the function of these behaviors in this species is poorly known. In this project, the mandrills of the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo were observed to better understand the role of these behaviors. The four individuals on exhibit –Linus (α ♂), Woody (♂), Eebi (α ♀), and Zenani (♀)—were compared to refine comprehension of the social hierarchies amongst a given captive group. Hypotheses formed were: (1) males will exhibit more self-directed behaviors than the females; (2) individuals with higher social rank will exhibit less self-directed behaviors; and (3) there will be a higher rate of self-directed behavior post-conflict. Results found that none of these hypotheses could be supported either due to small population size or misconceptions on complex social animal behaviors.


In an attribute-based encryption, the user is identified with help of some attributes and their functions for encryption and decryption of the data. The current techniques based on attribute-based encryption have found that if user's access structure includes a considerable amount of attribute information labeled as Don't Care, then the encryption pairing operation has low calculation efficiency and ciphertext information redundancy. In this paper, we have proposed a hierarchical multi-authority attribute-based encryption on prime order groups to tackle these problems. Our encryption technique has a polycentric attribute authorization system based on an AND gate access structure, with a unified attribute index established by each attribute authority throughout the system, to form a binary tree, i.e., attribute access tree. The state value of the parent node can be determined by the state of its child node in an attribute access tree. The attribute-based encryption established in this manner is theoretically proven to effectively decrease the calculation amount for decryption and compress the redundant information in the ciphertext as much as possible. Our encryption technique has a theoretical and practical significance in the system of "large universe" constructions.


Abstract A nephelometric procedure for quantitative measurement of glycohemoglobin (Hb A1) was developed, evaluated, and compared with the semi-quantitative mini-column chromatographic procedure. Hb A1 was purified from human red cell hemolystate by Bio-Rex 70 ion-exchange liquid chromatography and was used for standards and immunization. The antisera raised in rabbits showed high cross-reactivities with normal human hemoglobin (Hb A). The latter was separated by mixing 25 μl of patients' hemolystate with 2 ml ion-exchange resin suspension for 15 minutes. One hundred microiters of the supernatant was incubated with 900 μl antiserum (dilution 1:50) for 45 minutes at room temperature. Samples were then read on a laser nephelometer. The sensitivity of the assay was found to be 0.1 mg Hb A1. The intraassay relative standard deviation (RSD) was 5.6% and the interassay RSD was 6.5%.


Borsboom et al. (2019) argue that the network theory of mental disorders, if correct, blocks the biological reduction of mental disorders. This is mainly argued through a partial reformulation of n...


The infrared (IR) imaging video bolometer (IRVB) is a new type of plasma radiation measurement system, which uses an IR camera. For the 4th LHD campaign (2000), the IRVB type has been installed at a tangential port. Very clear helical plasma radiation structures were measured which agreed well with corresponding images of CIII radiation from a CCD camera. A change in the two-dimensional spatial distribution of the radiated power is observed during radiative collapse of the plasma which indicates that the asymmetric radiation is coming from the lower inboard side.


Objective: The aim of this study is to show the results of the implementation of a multimodal pain therapy regimen consisting of preemptive and infiltration analgesia application to laparoscopic or open appendectomy in pediatric patients. Methods: Eighty pediatric patients with diagnosis of acute and perforated appendicitis, who scheduled for laparoscopic or open appendectomy were randomly separated into 2 groups of 40. Age, sex, and weight of the patients, duration of anesthesia and surgical techniques were recorded. Preemptive 1.5 mg/kg tramadol HCl was administered at induction of anesthesia. As infiltration anesthesia 1 mg/kg 0.5% bupivacaine HCl was administered to the incision site of all patients. The pain levels of the patients after extubation were evaluated with Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontorio Pain Scale and Visual Analog Scale. The heart rates, respiratory rates, sedation score values, diastolic and systolic blood pressure values, postoperative analgesic requirements, sedation scores, the observed side effects, hospital stay, and the time of the first mobilization were recorded and compared. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to monitored parameters except operation time and anesthesia time. Postoperative first day 13 patients (32.5%) in the LA group and in 9 patients (22.5%) in OA group, while on the second day only 2 patients (%5) in the OA group required additional analgesia . Conclusion: Our multimodal analgesia protocol consisting of preemptive analgesia and perioperative local anesthesia infiltration showed no difference between patients who underwent laparoscopic or open appendectomy with respect to pain levels and analgesic requirements.


One of the nowadays energy production's most significant issue is the use of hydrogen, obtained through the electrolysis of water. Recent studies indicate seawater as a natural source, in fact the most abundant resource on earth. Obtaining hydrogen through the electrolysis of seawater, although very tempting at first sight, raises certain environmental and technological challenges. This study follows the behavior of nickel, as a cathode material for a seawater electrolysis cell. The yield of the electrolysis cell is directly proportional to the electrocatalytic capacity of the cathode. At the cathode, the reduction reaction of the hydrogen ion and the release of hydrogen fuel gas take place. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was used to analyze the electrocatalytic characteristics of a nickel-based cathode material.


A single-harvested cultivar,'Jiangshujiao',and a double-harvested cultivar,'Fenghongzao',of Zizania latifolia were used as experimental materials to determine the content of non-protein-thiols(NPT),glutathione(GSH),and phytochelatins(PCs).To clarify the tolerance mechanism of Zizania latifolia to Cd2+ and Pb2+ stress,accumulation of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in subcellular fractions were also investigated.The results showed that content of NPT,GSH,and PCs and the accumulation of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in subcellular fractions increased significantly when treated with Cd2+ and Pb2+ stress.Content was higher when treated with combined stress than single stress.Content of NPT,GSH and PCs were significantly lower in leaves than in roots.The cell wall and the soluble fraction of cells had higher Cd2+ and Pb2+ accumulation levels than the protoplast and the organelles,respectively.


As a kind of common port layout forms, excavated harbor basin was widely applied with its many advantages. But the sediment transport processes and water motion in such harbor are complex and of obvious three-dimensional characteristics affected by a lot of factors. To investigate the 3D hydrodynamic characteristics in an excavated harbor basin, experimental research based on PIV technology and numerical study through a 3D code with DES turbulence model has been developed respectively. The 3D hydrodynamic and sediment deposition characteristics in the harbor have been indicated successfully in this paper.


Objective To discuss the value of color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and compound scan technology in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. Methods Thirty-six patients with 53 nodes were examined by conventional ultrasonography (US), CDFI and compound scan technology. The results were compared with pathological examination. Results Sonographic features of thyroid carcinoma included heterogeneous echo and grit calcification. The technology of compound imaging made visualization of internal calcification better. Abundant flow of color Doppler signals were demonstrated within the lesions, with relatively high PSV, and RI0.7, both the velocity of ascending and descending phase were quick. Conclusion CDFI and compound scan technology may play an important role in the differential diagnosis of thyroid tumor.


Group selection openings ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 acres in mixed conifer stands in northern and central California were evaluated for effect of site preparation, opening size, kind and amount of vegetation, and release treatment. Small openings, in general, are characterized by less sunlight and lower temperature extremes than clearcuttings. Roots from border trees extend into openings and apparently capture a large amount of site resources. Site preparation is needed for establishment of natural conifer regeneration, but seldom for establishment of planted seedlings. Survival of conifer seedlings tends to be high in small openings, but growth is much reduced, especially near opening edges. Vegetation other than conifers almost always is present but in most instances has low vigor. Release probably will be necessary in that part of openings which receives enough light for vigorous development of sun-loving shrubs and where roots from border trees are not present.


The problem of cognitive component of moral consciousness is particularly useful in the early stages of otnogeneza identity, particularly in the primary school age. In psychological research is dominated by development-related data in this and other ages ethical components of identity, but to a lesser extent, presented a study of the cognitive dimension of "moral intelligence". Diagnoses of junior school students morality and moral concepts (welcome, friendliness, conscience, justice, evil, greed, envy, cunning) criteria: appropriateness, validity and applicability of concepts in children. A comparative study was carried out with the participation of junior high school students with normal and delayed mental development. Research has shown a number of common features of moral concepts in this age, the subjects of both groups: specific situational nature of ownership concepts more complete absorption characteristics of negative moral concepts, definition of concepts in value judgments. Identify specific characteristics of children with intellectual development: the slow uptake of essential characteristics of concepts, the weakness of the verbal component of the expression of domyslivanie essence of concepts based on consonant Word.


If I have surveyed the contents of this book at greater length than its size would seem to warrant (its relative shortness is a delightful merit), my intention has been to do it justice. It marks a significant step forward in the new search by Western scholars for that understanding of Arabic poetry which alone can lead to a just appreciation of its literary qualities. As such, the undertaking merits commendation and indeed emulation. The author's general approach to his subject is intelligent, imaginative, and balanced, and his presentation lucid. Not that all his arguments are equally cogent; they are not. Nor is his work free from outright errors. As an example of the latter let us take his analysis of the verse bi-ri4dka vhsira nd'iya-l-l I amdli minni dhd-qtirdb (p. 50), translated as' Through your favor I see my most distant hopes / approaching '. Here, he says the syntactic break—before ' approaching '—is not particularly strong. Observing that the remoteness of the poet's hopes is expressed by prolonging' my distant hopes ' so far across the hemistich break that it almost seems to fill the whole verse, he then intimates that the sudden realization of the hopes is brought home by the clipped dhd-qtirdb. But does he grasp the Arabic ? Surely we must construe minni not with . . . l-dmdli, but with . . . qtirdb (.. . ' approaching me'). Inaccurate, loose, and infelicitous translations are in fact not hard to find. Examples (my rendering introduced by L.): . . . wa-fi kaffihd \\ barqun mina-l-qahwaii lammd'u (p. 44) ' while in her hand flashed lightning in the form of wine ', L. ' while . . . there was lightning flashing intensely from the wine ' ; . . . kaifa yahwd / / asirun an yatUla bihi-l-baqa'u (p. 49) ' How can a prisoner desire to have his life prolonged t ' , L . ' . . . desire long life to prolong his days ? ' ; tva-kam lailatin qad bitty, an'amu junhaha (p. 52) ' How often I stayed up to enjoy the greater part of the night' (sc. with a woman), L. ' How many a night did I spend making part of it enjoyable / comfortable . . . ' ; . . . Idiot li-l-firdqi 'aldmdtu (p. 54) ' signs for departure appeared' (in a military context), L. ' flags . . . ' (or ' standards ' ) ; toa-dam'i-sh-shu'uni (p. 55) ' . . . the tears of my eyes . . . ' , L. ' the tears from my woes ' (cf. lacrimae rerum); . . . l-aqdaru turdl bi-la ?uba (p. 55) ' . . . fate destroys without arrows', L. ' the fates fell without blades ' ; idha 'illatun kdnat. .. 'illatan (p. 61)' If illness was . . . the reason ', L . ' If an illness was . . . a reason ' ; amd wajadat 'annd-sh-shujunu mu'arrajd I/ wa-ld wajadat minnd khutubu-n-nawd bvddd (p. 66) ' Could sorrows find no other stopping-place than us 1 could the afflictions of separation not leave us alone ? ', L. ' Could neither sorrows find any point at which to pass us by nor the pangs of separation find any escape from us ? '. Among small slips we might note wa-qad yaslakhiffuna (p. 51) translated as indicative when qad has the force ' may ' (important in the context), al-ward translated as' a rose' instead of' roses ' (p. 78), and so on and so forth. On p. 90 it seems to me that it would have been a good idea to consider reading khcdquhd in the verse . . . amma khulquhd fa-asdwidu j j ialawwd wa-ammd-l-aidu wa-l-batshu fa-l-uedu ' . . . their [prison chains] nature is that of serpents that coil; their force and strength is [sic] that of lions'. If we read khalquha (from khalaqa ' make smooth ') we must revise the commentary: ' . . . the comparison of chains to snakes falls flat because the poet was unable to think of any shared quality more specific than their " nature " (khulq). The vagueness of the word . . . suggests that al-Mu'tamid has sacrificed precision of thought for the sake of tajnis . . . . The only flaw in this . . . complex verse is the weak word khulq' (p. 91 f.). To conclude this sampling of points for reconsideration, I question the note (p. 78, n. 45) on iva-llailu qad madda-z-zaldmaridd'a, viz.' The entire clause may be taken as a metaphor, though it happens to contain a simile in . . . rida'a '. In fact, we have here nothing but a metaphor; rida'a is a hdl to be mentally rendered ' it being a cloak', though we may certainly translate ' as a cloak '.


Exploration of optical non-linear response of graphene predominantly relies on ultra-short time domain measurements. Here we propose an alternate technique that uses frequency modulated continuous wavefront optical fields, thereby probing graphene's steady state non-linear response. We predict frequency sideband generation in the reflected field that originates from coherent electron dynamics of the photo-excited carriers. The corresponding threshold in input intensity for optimal sideband generation provides a direct measure of the third order optical non-linearity in graphene. Our formulation yields analytic forms for the generated sideband intensity, is applicable to generic two-band systems and suggests a range of applications that include switching of frequency sidebands using non-linear phase shifts and generation of frequency combs.


Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), which is caused by prion scrapie protein, is a rare, chronic, transmissible and fatal disease. Clinical manifestations of CJD include rapidly progressive dementia, cerebellar ataxia, visual disturbance, as well as pyramidal and extrapyramidal tract signs. Four subtypes of CJD have been reported, including sporadic, familial or genetic, iatrogenic and variant. Given the infectiousness and high mortality of the disease, it is imperative that earlier and more accurate diagnostic methods are developed. In the past years, 14-3-3 protein testing and periodic sharp wave complexes in electroencephalogram have been widely used in CJD clinical diagnosis; and the abnormal hyper-intensity in diffusion weighted imaging has also been used. Recently, there has been a focus on the diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. New findings of potential biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and decreases in diffusion tensor imaging measures have emerged as having an association with CJD. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has also drawn attention as an emerging method for diagnosis. In this review, the progress in auxiliary examinations of CJD is discussed and the potential, future diagnostic methods are introduced.


Partial mitochondrial DNA sequences for parts of the cytochrome b gene and control region were obtained for 89 upland bullies Gobiomorphus breviceps from 19 catchments in New Zealand. There were two highly distinctive mtDNA clades: a northern clade corresponding to the North Island, northern South Island and west coast South Island, and a south-east clade, in the southern and eastern South Island. Within these major clades there were further distinct clades that correlated with geographic sub-regions and catchments. The marked genetic differentiation has occurred in the absence of obvious morphological divergence. Based on cytochrome b sequence divergences and the molecular clock hypothesis, the northern and southeastern clades correspond with the uplift of the Southern Alps during the Pliocene, while populations in the North Island and northern South Island were estimated to have diverged during the Pleistocene. The widescale geographic divergences were similar to those observed in the galaxiids, Galaxias vulgaris and Galaxias divergens, but biogeographic management boundaries may not be the same, reflecting different evolutionary histories for non-diadromous species occupying the same areas.


Currently the rules of warfare have changed, switching from classic war to hybrid war. This new form of warfare is not explicitly incriminated by the international legislation. The Ukrainian conflict represents a tangible manifestation of hybrid war, after which the state has lost a part of its territory, it being annexed by the Russian Federation through a referendum semblance. Unfortunately, the required measures have not been taken in order for the Russian Federation to stop its disguised actions that pursue to reunite the former power pole, fact which represents a regional security threat.


We report about the possibility to drive mass migration into an azo-based polymer by means of two-photon absorption. A symmetric donor-acceptor-donor structured Y-shape azo-chromophore is specifically synthesized to enhance two-photon absorption in the polymer. Features resulting from two-photon absorption in the near-infrared show sub-diffraction limit linear dimensions (250nm).


Objective:To investigate the antifibrotic effect of Dihydromyricetin on CCL4-induced liver fibrosis in rats and expression of TGF-β1.Methods:fifty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:healthy control group,model group,Dihydromyricetin group and Fufangbiejiaruanganpian group.the experimental model of hepatic fibrosis was induced by hypodermical injection of CCL4 in rats.After 13 weeks treatment,the level of serum TGF-β1,Ⅰ,PCⅢ,CⅣwere assayed,The expression of TGF-β1 in hepatic tissue was observed by immuno-histochemistry.Results:Compared with the model group,the level of serum TGF-β1,Ⅰ,PCⅢ,CⅣ in Dihydromyricetin group were decreased significantly(P0.05),the positive proportion of TGF-β1 in liver tissues were decreased markedly(P0.05).Conclusion:Dihydromyricetin has an obvious protective effect on model rats,and remarkably inhibits TGF-β1 expression in plasma and liver tissue which is thought to be one possible antifibrogenic mechanism.


This chapter deals with the basic problems such as existence, uniqueness, continuous dependence and boundedness of mild solution of VolterraFredholm functional integrodifferential equations of sobolev type in Banach spaces. The main tools used in our analysis are Banach fixed point principle, semigroup theory, Gronwall-Bellman inequality and the integral inequality established by B. G. Pachpatte. 1


Scientific research is the main driver to push forward and disseminate botanical knowledge. Despite many institutions having this fundamental aim as a core activity, many of them do not have a complete set of facilities, expertise, staff, and resources to cover all the steps involved in the study, management, conservation, and popularization of plant diversity. Accordingly, we propose a workflow formalizing the cooperation between a botanical garden and a botanical research center, focused on the study of plant endemic species. Specifically, the cooperation was implemented between the PLANTSEED Lab of the Department of Biology and the Botanic Garden and Museum of the University of Pisa. We present seven representative case studies (Armeria arenaria complex, Bellevalia webbiana, Crocus etruscus and C. ilvensis, Dianthus virgineus complex, Pulmonaria hirta complex, and Santolina chamaecyparissus complex) to disentangle the approaches and opportunities arising from cooperative approaches, from laboratory to cultivation. We analyze the emerging properties derived from this synergistic cooperation by promoting open research questions and answering them using a comprehensive approach to improving endemic plant species research, conservation, and popularization in the botanical garden. In this manuscript, we show how a cooperative approach between heterogeneous botanical institutions can constitute an effective and easy-to-implement approach to achieve the goals of each partner involved in the cooperation.


The present study explores the relationship between cybersecurity knowledge, online behavior, and risk perception. To simulate an online shopping experience, we invited participants to access our newly designed website and answer a set of questions to evaluate their level of cybersecurity knowledge. The experiment identifies multiple subsequent stages that enhance different features of the social online shopping literature by offering different tasks. The online activities provided on our website play the role of essential vital enablers to interact with the user such as giving the buyer the chance to earn more credits in exchange for private information, saving the virtual credit card information and selecting a specific shopping scenario. Our outcomes highlight the significance of engaging individuals with cybersecurity and provide an analysis of consumer profiling and practice in an online shopping context. Moreover, our findings lead to two sets of actions: reducing the perceived risk of cybercrime in online activities by increasing the level of knowledge in cybersecurity and evolving user behavior when spotting a high level of privacy concern.


This paper is about the impact of risks on the controlled transactions procedures. The mainstream is that controlled transactions are made by international companies to avoid high tax rates, but at the same time, these companies have to face international commercial risks. Therefore, the avoidance of taxation is on the same line with the international risks. Videlicet, two different economic terms exist together in the same issue. In this thesis is analyzed extensively this theme and the method which used is a quantification approach, the Q.E. methodology.