Abstract Background Impaired intracellular trafficking has been proposed as a new key pathophysiology for neuropsychiatric disorders. The present study investigated the effects of risperidone on the mRNA levels of various proteins involved in intracellular trafficking, and dopaminergic receptors [long and short forms of the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1)] in several key brain regions of wild type adult mice exposed to social defeat stress. Methods C57BL/6J mice were subjected to chronic social defeat procedure for 10 consecutive days. The defeated mice were categorized into unsusceptible (UNS) and susceptible (SUS) groups based on performance in the social avoidance test. Animals were randomly divided into two groups, vehicle (VEH) and drug (DRUG) groups. Risperidone (RIS) was administered to the DRUG group at the dosage of 0.2 mg/kg, i.p. for 7days. After sacrifice and brain extraction, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HIP) and amygdala (AMY) were obtained. The mRNA levels of our target genes were measured by real time- PCR. Results In the VEH group, mRNA expression levels of GASP1 and ARF6 were decreased in the PFC and HIP, and AMY of UNS mice respectively compared to control mice. The mRNA expression of Rab4 was rather increased in the PFC of UNS mice compared to control mice. In the DRUG group, only mRNA expression level of GASP1 was decreased in the PFC of UNS mice compared to control mice. Discussion Our results indicate that social defeat stress induces changes in expression levels of GASP1, ARF6 and Rab4 in several key brain regions and these effects are blocked by risperidone. It may suggest that risperidone can prevent or treat an impairment of intracellular trafficking caused by defeat stress. As ARF6 is known to mediate recycling of D2 receptors and GASP-1 is involved in the lysosomal sorting of D2 receptor, our findings should be discussed with regard to the changes of mRNA expression levels of DRD2 and DRD1.


The development of point‐to‐point time‐reversal (T/R) communications in a highly reverberative environment was discussed previously [Candy et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 114, 2367]. This paper focuses on the extension of that effort to the multichannel case. Here, we discuss the theoretical development of a suite of multichannel TR receiver realizations, similar to the point‐to‐point case, using an acoustic T/R array and a set of client stations. The performance of these processors on both simulated and experimental data is discussed in detail. The experiment is provided by a stairwell between two floors of a noisy building. The stairwell is populated with obstructions (pipes, rails, wall, etc.) and a 90‐deg landing—clearly a highly reverberative environment. It is shown that the multichannel receivers perform quite well when compared to their point‐to‐point counterparts, and are able to reliably extract the transmitted code from the noisy measurements.


ABSTRACT This study investigated kindergarten teachers' decision-making process regarding the acceptance of computer technology. We incorporated the Technology Acceptance Model framework, in addition to computer self-efficacy, subjective norm, and personal innovativeness in education technology as external variables. The data were obtained from 160 kindergarten teachers, from public kindergartens in Daejeon, South Korea. According to the results, subjective norm had the strongest effect on computer acceptance. In addition, perceived usefulness and computer self-efficacy had a direct effect on computer technology acceptance. On the other hand, perceived ease of use and personal innovativeness in education technology had an indirect effect on computer technology acceptance. The measures accounted for approximately 32% of the variance of intentions to use computers in kindergartens.


A national conference and workshop on problems of coal- and ash-handling systems reliability was sponsored by EPRI on October 27-29, 1980. Following an introduction with an overview on storage and flow of solids, formal papers were presented at a series of sessions organized under the following topics: yard coal handling, inplant coal handling, frozen coal, fugitive dust, fly ash handling, bottom ash handling, and ash disposal. Some major conclusions reached from the meeting included (1) the need for better methods to measure coal properties and stockpiles; (2) the need to design coal- and ash-handling systems on a custom basis; and (3) the need to deal with coal-freezing problems from a total systems approach. The report also includes notes based on workshops that addressed the same topics. Twenty-three papers have been entered individually into EDB and ERA.


The analytical results for the electromagnetic TM and TE modes are not valid for asymmetric modes in the partially filled waveguide. The reason is that the continuity of Ẽ , for the TM modes, and B for the TE modes at the beam-vacuum interface are not imposed in the analysis. However, these difficulties do not exist for special cases of l=0, which correspond to the symmetric modes, and for the completely filled waveguide. To realize this, note that from Eq. 35 , an azimuthal component of electric field for TM modes can be written in the form Ẽ = i , p lẼz, where


Kokanee salmon Oncorhynchus nerka were introduced into Flathead Lake in 1916. The kokanee population declined in the 1960s and 1970s, and kokanee disappeared from Flathead Lake in the late 1980s. Their disappearance has been attributed to the long-term effects of the construction and operation of Hungry Horse and Kerr dams, excessive harvest by anglers, and changes in the lake food web induced by the introduction of opossum shrimp Mysis relicta. Attempts to reestablish kokanee in the Flathead Lake ecosystem between 1988 and 1991 were unsuccessful. In 1991, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks (MFWP) and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CSKT) wrote a mitigation plan to restore kokanee to Flathead Lake. In 1993, MFWP, CSKT, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service wrote a mitigation implementation plan that initiated a 5-year test program to use hatchery-reared fish to reintroduce kokanee to the lake. Stocking hatchery-reared kokanee into Flathead Lake began in 1993; the 5-year {open_quotes}kokanee test{close_quotes} started in 1994 and is scheduled to continue through 1998. The annual stocking objective is 1 million yearling kokanee (6-8 in long). Criteria used to evaluate the success of the 5-year test are (1) 30% survival of kokanee 1 year after stocking, (2) yearling-to-adultmore » survival of 10%, and (3) annual harvest of 50,000 kokanee ({ge} 11 in) and fishing effort {ge} 100,000 angler hours.« less


The emerging hydrogen economy is expected to deal with a large amount of liquid hydrogen produced from the renewable energy resources. The main advantage of liquid hydrogen in comparison with other forms of its storage and transportation is in allowing wide use of superconductivity, which would optimise energy efficiency of the economy. The basic element of the infrastructure for hydrogen economy is a network of superconducting pipelines carrying simultaneously liquid hydrogen and loss-free electricity. The most likely material for such infrastructure is MgB2, the only superconductor efficiently working at boiling temperature of liquid hydrogen and not showing strong critical current reduction on grain boundaries. The cheap techniques for the preparation of MgB2 are hot isostatic pressing, resistive sintering and paint coating. These and other advanced techniques are able to provide MgB2 with suitable for the infrastructure structural and superconducting properties. The preparation of a large-area superconducting joint between two pieces of MgB2 as a technique enabling this infrastructure is reported. A potential of synergy between liquid hydrogen and superconductivity is revealed in a range of possible new energy applications.


A laboratory bioassay was conducted to study the impact of Cry 1 Ac protein on survival and development of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner.) by feeding larvae with Bt cotton plant parts. During the study, terminal leaves and squares of two Bt hybrids, their corresponding non Bt hybrids and Bunny as check were fed to larvae. Among the plant parts tested, mortality of H.armigera larvae was higher on leaves compared to squares of both the Bt hybrids. Further, the mortality of early larval instars was higher compared to older instar larvae on both leaves and squares of Bt hybrids. Though, the later instar larvae were able to survive when exposed continuously to Bt cotton plant parts, but reduction larval and pupal weight, increase in larval developmental period, malformations in pupae and adults, reduction in adult emergence, less fecundity, low growth and survival indices was observed on both the Bt hybrids compared to their corresponding non Bt hybrids and check hybrid, Bunny.


A method of manufacturing a GaN compound semiconductor having a GaN compound layer (3-5) formed on a substrate (1) by two-phase ammonia together with a gas of an organic metal compound of a container (18) into a reaction chamber (11 is initiated), the manufacturing method is characterized in that the two-phase ammonia (such in the container 18) is filled, that a portion thereof is in a liquid phase and is present a part thereof in a gas phase, and that the present as a liquid phase part has a water concentration is determined by a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, of not more than 0.5 ppm by volume.


Silicon reflection-type arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) with -20dB crosstalk are experimentally demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. The AWG has 14 output channels with 400GHz channel spacing and a footprint of 230×530 μm2. The minimum on-chip loss of 3.0 dB is achieved by using a second-order distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) facet.


On the coast near Veracruz, 17-year-old Sebastian has to take over his uncle's small motel on his own. He rents rooms by the hour to adulterous couples and casual lovers. Among them, a beautiful…


Introduction. The relevance of the paper is determined by the search of new approaches for the most effective professional training of future IR specialists during their university years, professional identity formation and its correction during the process of learning. The purpose of the research is to reveal IR students' motives for professional determination, to find out IR students' plans for future job perspectives in the field of international relations. Materials and methods. The research applies theoretical analysis and generalization of literature on the issues of professional training of university students. Empirical research methods include online questionnaire of IR students via cloud technologies (Google Forms), participant observation, interpretation of data, method of presenting data through graphical information organizers (diagrams, tables). The research involved 105 students of the educational program 41.03.05 International Relations at Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin. Research results and discussion. We have received facts about IR-students' motives in professional determination: 64,76% of the respondents expressed their desire to become an IR-specialist, 37,14% – possibility to defend national interests, 26,67% – material position, and 31,43% – high prestige of the profession. We also revealed a variety of views on their future jobs: 53,33 % of the respondents were interested in international marketing business, 23,8 % – in gas and oil business, which showed the interest for entrepreneurship, 55,23 % – a translator/interpreter of an international company, 38,09 % – staff of the Ministry of International Affairs, 19,05 % – specialist in international law, 20,95 % – an administrator of international events, 8,57% – a specialist in sports diplomacy,14,28 % – staff of the IR university. The variety of the IR-students' professional interests demand more attention to individual professional training of future IR-specialists. Conclusion. The results of the research can be used in the university training and in future investigating entrepreneurs' skills and individualized training of IR students.


If the carotid stenosis is greater than 70% and there is no suggestion of other complicating factors, some surgeons will proceed directly to carotid endarterectomy, depending upon whether the sonogram is technically adequate. Others prefer to corroborate the sonogram before surgery with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), particularly if questions exist. A confirmatory study is important if flow is damped, suggesting bilateral carotid ostial disease (or cardiac disease) out of the field of view of ultrasound that can be visualized by MRA. Other indications for MRA confimnation are detection by sonography of elevated carotid velocities, which may result from shunted flow from a significant lesion of the opposite carotid artery; suspected internal carotid occlusion; or highly resistant flow in a normal-appearing carotid artery, suggesting dissection out of the sonographic field of view. MRA is also indicated in evaluating for random lesions and to differentiate between vessel occlusion versus "angiographic string sign" suspected on ultrasound. Carotid catheter angiography has historically been the standard to which the other studies are compared. The examination has inherent risks, albeit low, but with potential for morbidity and even mortality. Recent studies suggest that when compared with the actual carotid specimen removed intact at the time of endarterectomy, extra-cranial carotid artery disease is significantly underdiagnosed by catheter angiography. Angiography, however, remains an integral part of the workup in that small group of patients in which there is a discrepancy between the ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiographic studies.


A quantitative Kano model is used in this study to identify which features are preferred by top-level maintenance engineers within Icelandic geothermal power plants to be implemented in a maintenance tool or software. Visits were conducted to the largest Icelandic energy companies operating geothermal power plants. Thorough interviews with chiefs of operations and maintenance were used as a basis for a quantitative Kano analysis. Thirty seven percent of all maintenance engineers at Reykjavik Energy and Landsvirkjun, responsible for 71.5% of the total energy production from geothermal resources in Iceland, answered the Kano questionnaire. Findings show that solutions focusing on (1) planning maintenance according to condition; (2) shortening documentation times; and (3) risk analysis are sought after by the energy companies but not provided for the geothermal sector specifically.


The article is devoted to the study of the problem of establishing age restrictions for persons holding judicial positions and their impact on the quality of justice in Ukraine.
It is shown that in modern conditions of martial law in Ukraine, there is an acute shortage of judges, which negatively affects the state of judicial administration. One of the factors leading to this is the automatic termination of judicial powers by persons who have reached the maximum age of holding the office of a judge established by law.
It has been proven that the age of a judge, more than 65 years old, under the condition of proper mental and physical health, is rather an advantage, rather than a disadvantage compared to judges of a young age, given the acquired experience and high professionalism.
A comparative analysis of the norms of the current legislation regarding age restrictions for the positions of judges and other authorities was carried out. Based on the study of the experience of foreign countries, a tendency towards a high age limit for the position of judge in order to terminate their powers was revealed.
It was established that the most acceptable for Ukraine is the experience of the USA, where there are no age restrictions for holding the position of a judge.
It was concluded that holding the office of a judge without age restrictions contributes to the elimination of the personnel shortage of judges, the preservation of an experienced and highly professional corps of judges.
Attention was drawn to the fact that the forced dismissal of a judge on the basis of an age limit bears signs of discrimination in the labor sphere.
It is proposed to make appropriate changes to the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine "On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges" regarding the removal of restrictions on the tenure of a judge by age and the establishment of control over the state of their mental and physical health. To do this, stipulate the duty of judges (regardless of their age) to undergo medical examinations once every five years, including in drug and psychiatric institutions, and to attach to the materials of their judicial file documents of the established form on the state of physical and mental health.


A flow regime is influenced by the degree of hydrologic connection between surface water and groundwater. As this connection becomes more transient and the basin's runoff response more non-linear, such as for intermittent streams, the need for explicit representation of the groundwater component increases. The present study investigates the connection between Northern Etna groundwater system and the Alcantara river basin in Sicily (Italy). In particular, the upstream part of the basin, whose flow regime is essentially intermittent, is modeled through a modified version of the IHACRES rainfall-runoff model. The structure of the model includes a routing module formulated as a two-store model, with the upper store simulating the quick component of the runoff and recharging the lower store which, in turn, describes the slow component of the runoff and the groundwater extraction and losses. Both stores are conceptualized as simple linear reservoirs, with the lower one that maintains a continuous water balance account of groundwater storage volumes for the upstream basin area with respect to a control cross-section, assumed to be the stream gauging station. The model is calibrated at Moio Alcantara cross-section, where daily streamflow data are available. Model calibration and validation are carried out for the period 1980–1984 and 1986–1988, respectively. A first-order analysis is also performed to assess the sensitivity of model parameters. The adopted configuration is shown to improve model performance with respect to the original IHACRES model, with the proposed formulation able to better capture the interactions between the aquifer and the river.


As we know usually architecture of Korea landscape painting inside, pavilion(Jung-ja) and many-storied building(Ru-gak) have painted mainly. But besides general building that home, mountain fortress wall, temple, royal palace was expressed by a real view landscape painting. The main purpose of this ...


This research was conducted with the aim 1) to analyze gaps that occurs between perception and expectations of the company implementation of SI-PUHH Online, 2) to analyze the level of satisfaction of the company implementation of SI-PUHH Online 3) Formulate a strategy to improve the quality of service implementation PUHH Information System Online. Analysis of the data used is the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The results showed that there are five attributes that considered important in determining customer satisfaction. These five attributes are: 1) System Online has a server that is up to date with internet bandwidth that is large so it is not easy down and can be accessed quickly; 2) response rapid administrator/operator; 3) accurate data in accordance with entrian company; 4) There is a backup server; and 5) Officer SI-Online PUHH always willing to help. The fifth attribute is an attribute that has a high level of importance, but in its implementation or performance is still unsatisfactory. Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) on the implementation of this SIPUHH Online amounted to 72,07%, meaning that customers "satisfied" on the performance of services carried out by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, but must maintain and improve the performance SERVQUAL PUHH Information System Online is to be able to satisfy the users company PUHH Information System Online. Keywords: SI-PUHH Online, SERVQUAL, IPA, CSI


This article focuses on analytic solutions for Newtonian fluid flow with slip and mass transpiration on a porous stretching sheet using the differential transform method and Pade approximants of an exceptionally nonlinear differential equation. The impacts of different parameters including mass transpiration (suction/injection), Navier's slip, and Darcy number parameters on the velocity of the liquid and tangential stress are discussed. A comprehensive comparison of our results with the previous one in the literature is made, and the results showed good agreement. An investigation is conducted of a combination of magnetic liquids that are conceivably pertinent for wound medicines, skin repair, and astute coatings for natural gadgets. It is found that there is a decrease in the velocity profiles and the boundary layer thickness for the case of suction.


A new technique suitable for medical diagnoses and nondestructive testing was recently introduced by the author [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 52, 178–179(A) (1972); 53, 343(A) (1973)]. Termed impediography, this method employs time‐domain deconvolution of appropriately shaped acoustic impulses and their echoes to produce a temporal waveform that can be related to physical parameters such as impedance. Thus, proper analysis of reflected pulses yields the specific acoustic impedance as a function of acoustic travel time. This acoustic "picture" is termed an impedogram. In this paper several impedograms of a human liver, obtained at postmortem, are presented. A number of metastatic deposits were identified by impediography and confirmed by autopsy. Standard diagnostic procedures failed to find the lesions located by impediography.


In order to investigate the development of flame spreading in the charge bed of a central ignition tube, a visualized ignition experiment platform was designed, and experiments were carried out with different ignition charge masses and charge structures. A high-speed image acquisition system was used to record the propagation process of ignition flame in the propellant bed at 10000 frames per second, and a transient pressure recorder was used to obtain the variation of pressure with time and position in the chamber. In addition, a synchronous trigger was used to connect the high-speed image acquisition system, the transient pressure recorder and the ignition system of the experimental platform, giving the system a trigger zero point, which is convenient for the statistical analysis of subsequent experimental phenomena. The experimental results show that the time of flame-appearing from the ignition tube into the combustion chamber is 0.6 ms when the mass of the black powder is 20 g. However, the time increases to 1.5 ms when the mass of the black powder is 30 g. The average flame-spreading time of the stick charge structure is 2.2 ms, the average flame-spreading time of the granular charge structure is 3.4 ms, and the average flame-spreading time of the mixed charge structure is 3.1 ms. The results indicate that the mass of the black powder in an ignition tube has a significant effect on the time of flame-appearing from the ignition tube, and the higher black powder mass lead to the longer flame-appearing time. The performances of flame-spreading in different charge bed structures are quite different. The performance of flame-spreading in the stick charge structures is better than that in the granular charge structures and mixed charge structures. In addition, the pressure fluctuations will appear in the chamber due to gas choking in the granular charge structures. A mathematical model of the flame-spreading process was established by fitting the first-order exponential decay function according to the time sequence of the position of flame, and the goodness of fit is greater than 0.98.


In this case study we applied PARAM 2.0α [2] on a randomised shared coin protocol by Aspnes and Herlihy [1], based on an existing PRISM model [3]. The setting consists of N processes sharing a counter c, which initially has the value 0. In addition, a value K is fixed for the protocol. Each process i decides to either decrement the counter with probability pi or to increment it with probability 1 − pi. In contrast to the original model, we do not fix the pi to 1 2 , but use them as parameters. After writing the counter, the process reads the value again and checks whether c ≤ −K ·N or c ≥ K ·N . In the first case, the process votes 1, in the second it votes 2. In both cases, the process stops afterwards. If neither of the two cases hold, the process continues its execution. As all processes which have not yet voted try to access the counter at the same time, there is a nondeterministic choice on the access order. Based on this setting, we asked for two properties. First, we were interested in solving a probabilistic formula. We asked whether for each execution of the protocol the probability that all processes finally terminate with a vote of 2 is at least K−1 2·K . With appropriate atomic propositions finished and allCoinsEqualTwo, this property can be expressed as P≥K−1 2·K (true ∪ (finished ∧ allCoinsEqualTwo)). Second, we examined a reward formula and asked whether the expected number of steps until all processes have voted is above 25, expressed as R>25(F finished).


The classic chemistry set gets a 21st-century upgrade Chemistry sets used to be all the rage, but today, children are more likely to be found at their computers or tablets than doing experiments. Reviewer Julia Fahrenkamp-Uppenbrink and her daughter test drive a new subscription-based kit that seeks to appeal to modern chemistry enthusiasts by combining traditional experiments with virtual resources and mobile technologies.


Objectives: We determined the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, bronchial asthma and obstructive lung disease among selected tannery workers. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study during 2010-2011 among leather tannery workers in Karachi, Pakistan. The total population of workers in the tannery was 250. A cohort of 160 workers was selected on a convenience sampling basis. Fifty-two controls were selected from the local community. Data was collected through a questionnaire, and lung function tests were carried out by trained professionals to measure FEV1, FVC, PEFR and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Results: Among tannery workers we found whistling symptoms in 20% of the group, awakening from sleep due to a tightness of chest in 23%, diffi culty in breathing in 24%, excessive coughing in 25%, and out of breath on a usual walk in 41%. Among controls, awakening from sleep due to tightness of the chest was 4%, excessive coughing was 4%and shortness of breath during a usual walk was 4%. The prevalence of asthma was 7% in the tannery workers and 4% in the controls. We found obstructive lung diseases in 39.4% of the workers as compared to 11.5% among controls. 64% of the asthmatics considered that their asthma was related to work. A statistically signifi cant relationship was found between bronchial asthma, respiratory symptoms and duration of exposure, smoking, ethnicity and nasal and skin manifestations. Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of bronchial asthma, respiratory symptoms and obstructive lung disease among tannery workers, and that it was related to duration of exposure, ethnicity, smoking and nasal and skin allergies. Research Article Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms, Bronchial Asthma and Obstructive Lung Disease among Tannery Workers Asad Jamall*, Atif Mehmood2, Fehmida Khatoon3, Tuula Putus4, Heikki Savolainen5 and Jyrki Liesivuori6 1Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Finland 2Department of Physiology, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazeer Bhutto Medical College Karachi, Pakistan 3Department of Biochemistry, United Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan 4Department of Occupational Health, University of Turku, Finland 5University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland 6Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Finland Dates: Received: 10 December, 2016; Accepted: 27 January, 2017; Published: 30 January, 2017 *Corresponding author: Asad Jamal, Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Finland, Tel: +923361261602; E-mail:


Our Constitutional Logic analyzes the mathematical logic of quorum requirements for the United States Senate in the early American republic. Constitutions I and II provided quorum minimums as counts and proportions; Constitution II set forth a proportional quorum ("majority of members") requirement for legislative action but its action requirement must be teased out, at least for the Senate. Threats arising from any would-be tyranny of the minority are addressed as an introduction to The Vice-President's Two Votes: Introducing the Mathematical Logic of TOM-TOM, 17 OCL 185, in which the Tyranny of the Majority and Tyranny of the Minority receive attention.


Carryover effects of feeding soybean hulls (SBH) on toxic tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.)] pasture and effects of postgraze steroid implantation on performance and physiology of steers were evaluated in a 2-yr experiment. Following grazing, 36 steers were assigned to 9 pens, and pens were randomly assigned 3 to the following pasture-pen combinations: 1) feeding SBH on pasture and postgraze steroid implantation (WF/WI), 2) without feeding SBH on pasture and with postgraze steroid implantation (WOF/WI), and 3) without feeding SBH on pasture and without postgraze steroid implantation (WOF/WOI). Responses to the pasture-pen combinations were regressed over days on the nontoxic diet and regression slopes were compared. Steers fed SBH on pasture tended (P 0.10) between WF/WI and WOF/WI, and WOF/WI had greater (P 0.10) among treatments and increased nonlinearly over days on the nontoxic diet and stabilized in 25 to 30 d. Rectal temperatures declined nonlinearly (P < 0.001) from above 40.2°C to less than 39.5°C in 4 d, and serum prolactin increased (P < 0.001) and stabilized in 28 to 30 d. Results indicate that feeding SBH to steers on toxic fescue and postgraze steroid implantation can improve postgraze performance, but without improving rates of recovery from toxicosis.


Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disease affecting motile cilia. A female neonate was hospitalized with respiratory distress 72 hours after birth and showed concurrent situs inversus. She was identified to have compound heterozygous mutations in DNAH5: c.5647C>T, p.Arg1883Ter (nonsense mutation) and c.10810dupA, p.Ile3604AsnfsTer2 (frameshift mutation). Sanger sequencing confirmed that they were inherited from her father and mother, respectively, and she was diagnosed with PCD. The c.10810dupA is a novel DNAH5 mutation that has never been reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing DNAH5 mutations in a Korean patient with PCD. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2019;7:165-169)


FIELD: communication devices. SUBSTANCE: described is a method of assigning channel information on channel quality in a communication system. After fast switching from a service base station binding to a target base station binding, a mobile station detects absence of channel information on channel quality, assigned from the target base station binding. If absence of assigned channel information on channel quality is detected, the mobile station sends a request for assigning channel information on channel quality to the target base station binding. Upon receiving a request for assigning channel information on channel quality, the target base station binding detects the need for assigning channel information on channel quality for the mobile station. EFFECT: provision for fast connection establishment between a base station with a target base station binding after fast base station switching. 32 cl, 5 dwg, 2 tbl


This paper proposes an analysis ofsystems for the Home health care. Based on our experience, a short review is made, then an analysis of the needs and some guidelines of the technologies available. We then describe the implementation of our system, AILISA, which is communicating with electronic mails. Some results are presented.


The main objective of this paper is the enhancement of power system stability by optimal tuning and placement of Power System Stabilizer (PSS) using evolutionary algorithms (Particle Swarm Optimization - PSO). In this approach, Matlab and DigSILENT are employed and linked together in a genuine automatic data exchange procedure. Consequently, the test system and the controllers are modeled in DigSILENT and the PSO algorithm is implemented in Matlab. For evaluating the particles evolution throughout the searching process, an eigenvalue-based multi-objective function is used. The performance of the proposed PSO based PSS test system in damping power system oscillations is proved through eigenvalue analysis and time-domain simulations.


Here the weights correspond to the importance of the Many agent based decisions involve an aggregation of individual of the criteria. the satisfaction to multiple criteria. We consider the It is easy to see that this type of aggregation is situation where there exists a prioritization relationship monotonic, if C i (x) ≥ C i (y) for all i then C(x) ≥ C(y). over the criteria. In this situation increase in satisfaction It is bounded Min i [C i (x)] ≤ C(x) ≤ Max[C i (x)). It is to a lower priority criteria doesn't readily compensate for a also idempotent, if all C i (x) = a then C(x) = a. Because decrease in satisfaction in higher priority criteria. of these properties this is an averaging operator. Typically the relationship between safety and cost Central to this type of aggregation is the ability to manifests this property. We suggest that prioritization trade off between criteria. In particular wk wi is the between criteria can be modeled by making the weights associated with a criteria dependent upon the satisfaction of relation between criteria C i and C k . In this type of the higher priority criteria. We discuss a number of aggregation we can compensate for a decrease of ∆ in methods for obtaining the associated weights. satisfaction to criteria C i by gain wk wi ∆ in satisfaction


The invention relates to a skidding chair and particularly relates to a back-riding type snowfield skidding chair. A pedal (8) is respectively arranged on the inner side surfaces of the lower portions of two front included rods (7) of a seat, lower ends of the two front inclined rods are connected with skiing plates (10), a veering handle (22) is arranged on the back of the upper end of a backrest (1), a rotation disk (23) arranged at the front end of a veering beam (20) is movably connected to the lower surface of the seat through a through pin (28), a back seat (21) is arranged at the back end of the veering beam, the upper end of a connection pipe (19) is fixed the lower surface of the veering beam, the lower surface of the veering beam is close to the back end of the veering beam, a wheel fork (17) is arranged at the lower end of the connection pipe, two sides of a wheel shaft of each wheel (18) are arranged in a sleeve at the lower end of the wheel fork, two ends of the wheel shaft are connected to an inner end of a crank (16), and a footboard (15) is arranged at the outer end of the crank. According to the back-riding type snowfield skidding chair, the two skiing plates are arranged below the front of the seat, and motive power is provided by the wheels and the footboard on the back of the seat, so that persons with disabled limbs can conveniently go out.


The invention belongs to the field of carbon fiber warp knitting machines, and particularly relates to a rapid locking mechanism for clamping a carbon fiber sheet. The rapid locking mechanism for the carbon fiber sheet comprises a bearing part and further comprises a compressing part, wherein the compressing part is matched with the bearing part and can move up and down. The rapid locking mechanism is characterized in that a locking piece is arranged at one end of the bearing part, and the compressing part is provided with a locking mechanism body matched with the locking piece. The rapid locking mechanism is used for carrying out rapid locking on the end of the carbon fiber sheet, the rapid locking mechanism can guarantee the uniformity of compressing force of the compressing part on carbon fiber, the problem that the locking force is not uniform cannot occur, and the rapid locking mechanism is beneficial to following production operation of the carbon fiber sheet.


Non - verbal communication plays a very important part in intercultural communication. This article, taking silence and smile, and the conflict they lead to as an example, probes into the importance of intercultural - and - non - verbal communication.


Objective To explore the effective ways of HIV/AIDS health education and intervention in the highest risk population of STD/STI patients so as to provide some scientific evidences in HIV/AIDS prevention and control. Methods Cross-sectional survey and follow up study were administrated.SPSS14.0 was used for data analysis. Results After health education and intervention, the knowledge coverage rate on HIV/AIDS ,especially on its transmission pathways was significantly increased (P0.01) . 78.9 % of the studied persons could take positive attitude to using of the condom (P0.01).62.7 % believed that AIDS patients should be cared by the whole society(P0.01).Conclusion Health education can increase the awareness of HIV/AIDS and self-protection consciousness among STD/STI patients.


We study the properties of microwave generation in a virtual cathode oscillator with a photonic crystal composed of metal grids. Our simulation results show the high efficiency of photonic crystal structure utilization in comparison with the standard scheme of an axial virtual cathode oscillator: operation efficiency reaches 20% at the optimal parameters. The obtained results demonstrate that the virtual cathode oscillator with a photonic crystal can be considered as a prospective high-power microwave source where the vircator operation mechanism and photonic crystal properties complement each other to produce high-power electromagnetic radiation.We study the properties of microwave generation in a virtual cathode oscillator with a photonic crystal composed of metal grids. Our simulation results show the high efficiency of photonic crystal structure utilization in comparison with the standard scheme of an axial virtual cathode oscillator: operation efficiency reaches 20% at the optimal parameters. The obtained results demonstrate that the virtual cathode oscillator with a photonic crystal can be considered as a prospective high-power microwave source where the vircator operation mechanism and photonic crystal properties complement each other to produce high-power electromagnetic radiation.


Balneotherapy is defined as application of drinking cures, inhalation cures, baths or application of mud and other natural peloid packs to benefit from the therapeutic effects of thermal or mineral ground water. The term balneotherapy, the term spa therapy, or spa treatment are terms used interchangeably. Balneotherapy can be applied at spa centers within spa therapy programs at regular intervals in the form of cure programs. It plays an important role in the management of chronic rheumatic diseases as well as in the treatment of many chronic diseases. Therapeutic effect of thermal spring water used in spa treatment according to physical, chemical composition and temperature varies. Turkey constitutes a rich resource with many spa centers indifferent locations. These centers have a wide range of thermal and mineral waters with various contents such as sulfur, radon, bicarbonate, carbondioxide, etc. Although it cannot be fully clarified due to various views on the mechanism of action of balneotherapy, the predictable mechanisms of action includes a broad spectrum of chemicals, thermal, mechanical and immunomodulatory. The aim of treatment in rheumatic diseases is to reduce pain, prevent joint damage and functional loss. Despite the recent improvements achieved in pharmacologic therapies, it is still not possible to prevent the deterioration of the quality of life and labor loss caused by functional losses due to rheumaticdiseases. At this point in the management of rheumatic diseases the importance of balneotherapy alone or as a complementary to other traditional medical therapies has increased in recent years. Results from several studies suggest that the beneficial effects of balneotherapy on functional losses. In this review, studies which obtains the laboratory parameters and clinical test are reconsidered and the effect of spa treatment in rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and osteoarthritis are presented in the light of current information.


Greater emphasis is being placed on ensuring fertiliser application minimises losses to the environment and is nutrient efficient. Earthworms increase nutrient mineralisation and plant growth. The few studies which have explored the role of earthworms on plant growth after fertiliser application have found varying results depending on soil type as well as nutrient inputs. Here we investigate the contribution of deep burrowing earthworms to pasture growth at three field sites after the application of superphosphate and urea. At each site we selected an area where the deep burrowing earthworm Aporrectodea longa was present and an adjacent area where they had yet to colonise. Pasture production was monitored throughout the year on each of three paired areas at each site. On areas where A. longa was present pasture production was greater and pasture quality was higher, with growth increasing especially during autumn, winter and early spring when earthworms are most active. Because other factors influencing pasture growth could not be ruled out, caution must be taken in this interpretation. The application of both superphosphate and urea also increased pasture production. Earthworms had a consistent positive influence on pasture production, highlighting their importance in our agroecosystems.


In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the gains of applying the concept of opportunistic channel access to the traditional contention-based access widely used in unlicensed channels. We consider the scenario in which multiple IEEE 802.11 networks coexist in a given channel and pose the following question: should all networks fairly compete for channel access or should they be prioritized in terms of channel access rights, and use opportunistic access to regulate their transmission? We implement a simple modification to the IEEE 802.11 medium access module of the wireless interface driver to allow opportunistic access of the shared channel. Then, we configure a secondary IEEE 802.11 network to opportunistically access the channel only when a primary network is not using it. Our empirical results show that such opportunistic channel access achieves high channel utilization (up to 188 % utilization gain) while respecting the prioritized access rights of the primary network with primary network outages below 7 %. In contrast, legacy contention-based access achieves higher channel utilization. However, it does not provide prioritized access and causes half the primary network packets to be denied transmission, which is not suitable for the targeted application scenarios.


Yellow mosaic Disease on Soybean

Epidemic of yellow mosaic disease had occurred in yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) in Java in 2008. However, this disease has never been reported in other areas in Indonesia. Observations on soybean plants in Cirebon (West Java), Bantul (DI Yogyakarta), and Musi Banyuasin (South Sumatra) showed systemic symptoms of yellow mosaic on leaves with vein banding. Plant samples showing yellow mosaic symptoms were taken for virus detection using PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The amplification results with specific MYMIV primers showed 1000 bp DNA bands. The results of analysis nucleotide sequence homology showed MYMIV Cirebon has a high homology (98.6-99.2 %) with MYMIV from Tegal, Subang, Klaten, Magelang, Brebes, and Bogor. This confirmed that the yellow mosaic symptom leaf samples from Bantul, Musi Banyuasin, and Cirebon were positively infected with MYMIV. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the Cirebon MYMIV isolates formed a group with all MYMIV sequences in Indonesia and Oman, and separated from MYMIV groups from other countries namely Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and India. MYMIV Cirebon isolate was registered in GenBank with accession number LC481009. MYMIV has been reported in soybean in Java (2013). This finding is the first report of MYMIV infection in soybeans in South Sumatera.


Posters are frequently used as an assessment tool with undergraduate
students within Health and Social Science related fields, but have not been
used within undergraduate accountancy education. This study reports the
introduction of poster presentations as a SCQF level nine summative
assessment with undergraduate accounting students. The study discusses
the development of this method of assessment and evaluates its success in
one undergraduate accounting module. Overall, the poster assessment was
positively received by students engaging with the learning opportunities it
provided, resulting in increased collaboration and constructivism within a
learner-centred approach.


Abstract> This article examines the ways in which gender redress has been conceptualised in different phases of the policy development work on the National Qualifications Framework, a key initiative of education reform in South Africa. It identifies two discursive framings for the NQF‐‐the discourse of economic rationalisation, utilised by business and COSATU, and that of social justice, utilised by the ANC and COSATU. It concludes that neither, for different reasons, have grappled with gendered social relations or the gendered, but dispersed, power of the state. The paper points out that the existence of a widespread women's organisation in South Africa during the transition period had little impact on policy formulation in education and training, thus raising questions about ways in which women's demands can have an impact on education policy change.


Blasting companies have the need to replace conventional explosives by alternative blasting methods due to strong safety regulations for the transport and handling of conventional explosives. Investigations on exploding wires as an alternative blasting technique show possibilities for the economical application of this expensive technique. Principal investigations show the applicability of aluminium wires under water as a highly reactive substitute for conventional explosives. The investment costs for the required electrical energy supply can be reduced if, in a first step, the wires are heated slowly to the volatilisation temperature with subsequent electrically pulsed evaporation of the wire. A further reduction of the investment costs can be achieved using a modular electrical blasting system also applicable for other purposes during the preparation and the after-treatment of the blasting work itself.


BACKGROUND
This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) supplementation on laying performance, zinc status, intestinal morphology, and zinc transporters in laying hens compared with Zn sulphate (ZnSO4 ). A total of 384 38-week-old Hyline Grey laying hens with similar performance (1.42 ± 0.07 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments and fed with a basal diet (control), or the basal diet supplemented with Zn-Met at 40, 80 mg/kg or 80 mg/kg ZnSO4 for 10 weeks.

RESULTS
There was no difference in egg weight, egg production, feed intake, and feed conversation ratio (FCR) among all groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the control, Zn contents were increased (P < 0.05) in the liver, duodenum, and jejunum of laying hens fed diets supplemented with different zinc sources. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in zinc contents in liver, duodenum, and jejunum between Zn-Met and ZnSO4 groups supplemented with 80 mg/kg Zn. Compared with control and 80 mg/kg ZnSO4 group, supplementation with 80 mg/kg Zn-Met increased (P < 0.05) villus height, villus area, and villus height / crypt depth ratio but reduced (P < 0.05) crypt depth in jejunum. Expressions of metallothionein (MT) mRNA of jejunum in the group fed diet containing Zn-Met (80 mg/kg) was higher (P < 0.05) than that in the control.

CONCLUSION
These results indicated that Zn-Met has positive effects on zinc status of liver, duodenum, and jejunum, intestinal morphology, and MT mRNA expression in jejunum of laying hens compared with ZnSO4 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The crystal structure of a monoclinic form of human plasminogen kringle 4 (PGK4) has been solved by molecular replacement using the orthorhombic structure as a model and it has been refined by restrained least‐squares methods to an R factor of 16.4% at 2.25 Å resolution. The X‐PLOR structure of kringle 2 of tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PAK2) has been refined further using PROFFT (R = 14.5% at 2.38 Å resolution). The PGK4 structure has 2 and t‐PAK2 has 3 independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. There are 5 different noncrystallographic symmetry "dimers" in PGK4. Three make extensive kringle‐kringle interactions related by noncrystallographic 2, screw axes without blocking the lysine binding site. Such associations may occur in multikringle structures such as prothrombin, hepatocyte growth factor, plasminogen (PG), and apolipoprotein [a]. The t‐PAK2 structure also has noncrystallographic screw symmetry (31) and mimics fibrin binding mode by having lysine of one molecule interacting electrostatically with the lysine binding site of another kringle. This ligand‐like binding interaction may be important in kringle‐kringle interactions involving non‐lysine binding kringles with lysine or pseudo‐lysine binding sites. Electrostatic intermolecular interactions involving the lysine binding site are also found in the crystal structures of PGK1 and orthorhombic PGK4. Anions associate with the cationic centers of these and t‐PAK2 that appear to be more than occasional components of lysine binding site regions.


A comparative electrochemical study of DMPIBF4 and EMIBF4 using both Graphite Rods and Graphite PVdF-HFP Polymer was undertaken to investigate the DIME Battery System, and the relative behavior of the di and tri-substituted imidazolium cations. Both graphite Rod and Graphite-Polymer Composite Electrodes indicated that the trisubstituted imidazole DMPI+ exhibited much higher efficiencies than EMI+, 91% and 78%, respectively. In both ionic liquids, the anion charge/discharge efficiencies were significantly lower, reaching a maximum value of 71% in DMPIBF4. Subsequent analysis on various types of graphite/polymer composite electrodes indicated that electrodes composed of approximately 85% graphite and 15% PVdF-HFP Kynar Polymer exhibited enhanced charge/discharge behavior and general stability relative to pure graphite rods.


Abstract Attentional and memory training was administered to 14 alcoholic patients whose performance was compared to that of 15 waiting-list control patients in a residential care centre. Patients had been abstinent for at least 6 weeks. Treatment was carried out over 6 weeks and consisted of 12 training sessions and 6 memory-games sessions. Assessments were carried out before and after treatment and over an equivalent time-span in the control group. The treated groups showed a small but significant improvement in verbal memory, both immediate and delayed, as well as in reproduction of figures.


The incident angle dependence of secondary electron omission from a metal surface is experimentally investigated with keV neutral bombardment. A simple method is proposed by which the energy of neutrals is determined. By applying this method, it will be possible to estimate the absolute flux intensity of the neutrals with unknown energy distribution, and the ion temperature of a Maxwellian plasma.


This book provides administrators, as well as quality and IT managers with an integrated approach to testing SAP solutions. Reader uncover the theory of testing, as well as best practices for conducting a testing project and for the implementation of operation and load tests. Get a detailed description of the most important SAP-related test tools and discover how the SAP Solution Manager can support you in planning and implementing large test projects and concrete operation tests. In addition, you'll learn the ins and outs of eCATT and familiarize yourself with the Coverage Analyzer and the SAP Test Data Migration Server. Performance tests are covered by the authors in painstaking detail: Profit from the description of a typical performance test project, and learn about the different monitoring options including SAP LoadRunner by Mercury. The authors provide you with comprehensive reports from well know SAP customers for every essential topic. Highlights Include: Test Theory Test Methodology: How SAP Solution Manager Supports Your Project Test Management: Test Cases, Test Plans und Test Packages in SAP Solution Manager Test Automation: Cost Model and ROI Automatic Functionality Tests with eCATT SAP Test Data Migration Server Coverage Analyzer Performance and Stress Tests SAP LoadRunner by Mercury SAP GUI Scripting Monitoring Performance Tests


This paper presents a reliable and automated approach to the generation of unstructured hybrid grids comprised of tetrahedra, prisms and pyramids for high Reynolds number viscous flow simulations. To enhance robustness, the hybrid mesh generation process starts with the formation of an isotropic tetrahedral grid. Prismatic layers are then added on no‐slip walls fully automatically by obeying user‐specified boundary conditions and three parameters: the number of the layers, an initial layer thickness normal to the walls, and a stretching factor. Topological modifications to the original isotropic tetrahedral elements are prohibited during the layer generation process. The tetrahedral elements near no‐slip walls are shifted inward and the resulting gap between the tetrahedra and the walls is filled up with prismatic elements. To enhance the quality of the prismatic layers around sharp corners, two normals are evaluated for the marching process in these regions. The addition of prismatic elements is locally stopped if negative‐volume elements are created or not enough space is left. An angle‐based smoothing method ensures that the quality of the tetrahedral elements is retained for a reasonable computational cost. The method is demonstrated for two scaled experimental supersonic airplane models designed at the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (NAL). Numerical results are compared with wind tunnel experimental data. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Civic-minded people who encounter what they believe to be corrupt and illegal conduct in the workplace may take it upon themselves to release relevant confidential information. This is done either through an open disclosure, where the identity of the whistleblower is publicly known, or an unauthorised disclosure where the identity of the leaker is not revealed. This information is typically leaked to journalists or activists who may be able to seek redress. Leaking is an alternative to whistleblowing and carries fewer risks of reprisals but leakers need to be alert to pitfalls with this practice. Introduction In a democracy people need access to information on political, social and economic issues in order to judge whether their elected officials are acting in the public interest. However, too often their elected officials evade such scrutiny, and fraud and abuse go unchecked. Most people with access to relevant information are deterred from leaking or whistleblowing due to legislative prohibitions. They may be those embodied in official secrets acts or in the case of the United States the Espionage Act (1917). The Official Secrets Act covers legislation providing for the protection of state secrets and official information and is used in the United Kingdom, India, Ireland and Malaysia. Australia does not have an Official Secrets Act but has provisions under Part VII of the Crimes Act (1914) restricting Commonwealth public servants from revealing confidential information. The U.S. Espionage Act has a more limited application. This Act only applies to the prohibition on the disclosure of government information on defence issues. While governments have aimed to keep official secrets confidential public servants with access to this material have been successful in releasing it to the public either through the press or in recent times passing it to WikiLeaks, a website for newsworthy leaks. To draw a distinction between whistleblowing and leaking, whistleblowers are overt in their disclosure of organisational deviance, but there is a price. Bureaucracies now know where their opposition is coming from, and can isolate the whistleblowers by discrediting them, not giving them access to further information and suspending them from work. Generally leakers don't suffer these reprisals. The definition of leaking is blurred; it can mean an unauthorised source giving information to a journalist but it can also involve an authorised source with political power and high status using the media to their advantage with little likelihood of being prosecuted (Tiffen 1989: 97). In both instances leakers are covert in their disclosure of information. The leakers discussed in this article are workers in the public sector who, without authorisation, convey official information to recipients outside of government (Standing Committee 67). It is usually released to the media in the public interest and these leakers lack positions of high status and power. The information they provide journalists has not been processed by official channels and there is an undertaking by the journalist that the identity of the source will not be revealed. This practice provides some measure of protection to the leaker. Journalists are the usual recipients of leaked information but on occasion information is leaked to activists who can act as a spur to additional media coverage of the story (Martin 2009: 206-216). There can be a range of motives for leaking, not all of them altruistic. Some leaks are vexatious in nature and not in the public interest. The protection for journalists lies in checking the information with many sources and gauging their reliability (Flynn 2006: 264-265). The examples of leaking discussed in this paper are mainly Australian ones but the issue is applicable to many other countries. Leaks can come from a range of organisations: governments, not-for-profit groups, corporations, environmental groups, trade unions as well as churches. …


In this study, antibacterial properties of wool fabrics treated with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) and boron compounds were
investigated against E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Experimental group consisted of wool fabrics
treated with 8HQ, boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) at 10 g/L concentration for each using the exhaust process. Control
group consisted of untreated and silver nitrate treated wool fabrics. Treatments were performed using meta- and pre-
mordanting methods and homogenous distribution of treatment chemicals were confirmed with SEM and EDX images.
Wool samples treated with a solution containing 8HQ+BX (10 g/L each) and 8HQ+BA+BX (10 g/L each) showed the
highest level of antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity decreased analogous with the decrease in 8HQ concentration
however it was still present at the lowest concentration of 1 g/L for E. coli, B. subtilis and S. aureus. But at least 5g/L
concentration of 8HQ was required for antibacterial activity against all four tested bacteria. Antibacterial properties
decreased after 5 cycles of washing but did not completely disappear.
These antibacterial wool products look promising for the medical fields because of their strong effects against bacteria
which grow in wounds and cause nosocomial infections. In addition, using the meta-mordanting method was more
effective in terms of saving energy, water and time compared to the pre- mordanting method.


Ill. APPLICATION OF THE FSIA's COMMERCIAL ACTIvSTY EXCEPTION ................ 499 A. The Private Person Test ....................................... 500 1. Identification of the Relevant Activity ............................ 501 2. Can a Private Person Engage in the Activity? ....................... 505 B. The Sovereignty Approach ...................................... 512 C. Consideration of Purpose ...................................... 514


During steam-assisted oil recovery processes, the thermal properties of saturated steam are required in the computation of heat losses and quality changes in steam distribution networks and wellbores. These properties can be evaluated either by interpolation of steam table data or by empirical correlations. Most correlations available in the literature are designed for steam pressures below 500 psia (3.4 MPa) and no single reference covers all the properties needed for the computations previously mentioned. This paper presents a new and complete set of saturated-steam properties correlations for pressures between 500 and 2,500 psia (3.4 and 17.2 MPa) and compares their accuracies to those in other works. These correlations do not apply to supercooled water or superheated steam.


This paper explores the implications of working with human subjects and human subject data in computer science research and describes one way of exposing computer science students to the IRB application process. Historically, a majority of computer science related research involving human subjects came from studies in human-computer interaction. Today research involving human subjects or human subject data are found in areas of computer science research traditionally not thought of as requiring special attention or consideration. Research involving the Internet, computer security, analysis of network traffic, social networks, and any work involving data that can identify subjects or cause injury to the subjects warrants special consideration of how the data are used. Understanding the IRB process is becoming an important part of computer science research and education, especially federally funded research, which under the common rule is mandated to have IRB approval. In this paper, we describe a summer scholar program devoted to researching cyberbullying in an online multi player gaming environment. The central focus of this paper is to describe the IRB process, offer a student perspective of the process and discuss the human subject research considerations that were part of this study. Limited results of the cyberbullying study are presented as the focus of this paper is on the considerations of teaching students how to work with human subjects and how this ultimately informed the study.


Size effects phenomena emerged in the deformation processes under the micro-scale are introduced,as well as developing history and applications of strain gradient theory.Especially,the Toupin-Mindlin strain gradient elasticity and the Fleck-Hutchinson strain gradient plasticity,which including the couple stress theory,the stretch and the rotation theory,are emphasized.Furthermore,the successful applications of the strain gradient theories in the explaining the size effects are expatiated.Present status and future development of the numerical implementation approaches on the strain gradient theories are reviewed.Finally,the difficulties and the development directions of the strain gradient theories and their numerical implementation methods are pointed out.


Abstract This article presents case studies of pardons in the presidencies of Washington, Adams, and Jefferson. In doing so, the article moves away from the idea in existing scholarship that pardons of the past were largely noble acts of statecraft, untouched by ideological, partisan, or personal political motivations. Instead, it develops an account of how and why these pardons should be understood as both enabling presidents to achieve certain political objectives and, simultaneously, operating in an inherited environment in which presidents used existing resources to legitimate their pardons. In so doing, presidents refashioned those inherited resources and, thereby, created new resources for future presidents. The picture that emerges is of pardons as both sources of political innovation and political constraint.


All spinal cord stimulation (SCS) parameters (amplitude, pulse width, frequency) influence the interaction of stimulation with the nervous system and impact the delivery of charge. Regardless of the stimulation pattern, there are certain crucial elements related to dose, and a basic fundamental knowledge of the parameters used to administer the therapy is fundamentally important.


Multiculturalism is a moving target. The term refers both to an ongoing cultural ux and to a variety of institutional arrangements. Multiculturalism is typically criticised from diverse points of view — conservative ('too much') and progressive ('too little'). Diverse stakeholders resent either being ignored or being stereotyped. As an institutional arrangement multiculturalism is both a target of criticisms and a reform platform. There are many doors and many faces to multiculturalism and at times it's not clear which multiculturalism is at issue. This reection seeks to offer kaleidoscopic (multi-perspective) and longterm views of multiculturalism. From a historical point of view multiculturalism signiŽes a time of transition and represents a reworking of local, national, regional and worldwide identities and interrelations. To arrive at a kaleidoscopic perspective this reection probes several vortexes around which multiculturalism takes shape — cultural ux, citizenship, everyday experience, politics of recognition, and political economy and class. Multiculturalism's 47 varieties address or fail to address these concerns in different ways. If the common variable is politics of difference, upon closer consideration difference itself turns out to host very different notions. The second part of this treatment considers the antecedents of conceptions of multiculturalism, which generally derive from several sources: colonial society; settlements of the Kulturkampf in Europe; combinations of both (such as the concept of consociationalism); experiences in the United States, Canada and other settler societies; and corporate marketing strategies. In conclusion I turn to the question, whither multiculturalism?


In one aspect, the composition provides antimicrobial therapy as topical disinfectants. Specifically, one aspect at least one paraben, redox compounds, and compositions alcohol containing antimicrobial composition containing an organic acid concentration from about 1.5% to about 10 wt% based on the total weight . In another aspect, the antimicrobial composition is topically, wounds, skin area and sanitized, and / or used to disinfect surgical instruments or other surfaces. Also, in a further aspect, the method relates to antimicrobial compositions, devices and kits are provided. .Field


In this work laser-assisted methods for metal nanostructures formation and their application as active substrates in Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy are presented. The nanostructures are fabricated by laser processing of gold thin films deposited on low cost substrates as glass, ceramic, polymer and paper. The films are deposited by classical PLD technology. The produced films are then processed by nanosecond pulses delivered by nanosecond Nd:YAG laser system. At certain conditions the laser treatment leads to formation of discrete nanostructure on the substrate surface. Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition in air is also applied for direct deposition of gold nanostructure. In another set of experiments gold nanoparticle colloids are fabricated by laser ablation of gold target in chloroform. The fabricated structures are then tested as active systems in SERS, as detection of pesticides (DDT), nitrates (NH4NO3), and drugs (Methylene blue) is demonstrated. The obtained results show that these nanostructures can be efficiently used in the detection and monitoring of materials with a high social impact.


Quantum phenomena are experimentally difficult to deal with. The effort increases dramatically with the size of the system. Scientists can control small quantum systems and investigate quantum properties. Such quantum simulations are considered promising early applications of quantum technologies that could solve problems where simulations on conventional computers fail. However, the quantum systems used as quantum simulators need further development. The entanglement of many particles is still a phenomenon that is difficult to understand. "In order to operate a quantum simulator consisting of 10 or more particles in the laboratory, we must characterize the states of the system as accurately as possible," explains Christian Roos from the Institute of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information at the Austrian Academy of Sciences.


This invention relates to multimedia information receiving method for extracting multimedia information containing an information main unit through an information center, the receiver aide having a set information limited value. The method includes 1, receiving the first part of response information from information center, judging whether the information data length is greater than information limited value, if it is then entering second confirming program, otherwise executing step 2, 2, receiving second part of response information. In the second confirming program, the user is asked whether executing the method or not, if it is then executing step 2, otherwise deleting response information and ending the method.


forms of cultural domination constantly shift and accommodate, the Yucatecan gastronomic field adapts and changes while seeking to promote an understanding of Yucatecan food as distinct and separate from what is considered national Mexican food. Ayora-Diaz concludes by drawing attention to the political nature of the relationship between food and identity in Yucatán, especially making the distinction of a regional identity as compared to the concept of a Mexican national identity. He also draws attention to the dynamics of power and domination evident in the silencing/erasure of the foods contributed by marginal groups who become subsumed in the all-encompassing Yucatecan culinary and gastronomic fields. Foodscapes, Foodfields and Identities in Yucatán is a well-researched, thorough and detailed account of historical and present food culture in the Yucatán peninsula, with special emphasis on Mérida. Although thematically the book is on Latin American studies—and there are references to Latin American researchers—the theoretical framework is mostly based on concepts articulated by Arjun Appadurai, Benedict Anderson, Homi Bhabha, Jacques Derrida, and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. The endnotes are extensive, appropriate and contribute to the understanding of complex issues. The glossary of recipes is indeed a helpful addition, as it supplements the vast use of ingredients and dishes that appear in the text. The author uses Spanish for ingredients and dishes and provides an English translation and/or interpretation in all cases. It is revealing and appetizing to read about the importance of and pride in cochinita pibil, the seasonal recurrence of muchil pollo, the use of xkat ik chili peppers, and the wide availability of kibbeh and baba ghanoush. Foodscapes, Foodfields and Identities in Yucatán deserves praise for its conscientious description and analysis of food culture, identity and politics in a regional area of México. It provides a good example of how to engage in food studies through a provincial/area lens vis-à-vis what we understand as national cuisines. It indeed captures and illuminates the tensions and dynamics of an always-evolving claim of regional distinction and identity within national borders in the context of an international influx of ingredients and cooking techniques.


The utility model provides a high-efficiency energy-saving nozzle and a steam injection pump with the nozzle, which belongs to the field which needs vacuum in industries of petroleum, chemical industry, foods, metallurgy, refrigeration and the like. The high-efficiency energy-saving nozzle comprises a nozzle inlet section (1), a nozzle throat (2), a nozzle outlet section (3) and a nozzle straight pipe section (4) which are sequentially communicated to form a whole body. With the adoption of the utility model, the traditional nozzle structure mode is changed, and flowing states of working steam in the nozzle, the outlet end surface of the nozzle and a diffusion chamber mixing section of the injection pump after the working steam leaves the nozzle and a flowing state of the working steam after pumped gas is mixed are improved, therefore, the efficiency of the injection pump is promoted, and the consumption of the working steam is reduced.


Part 1: The challenges of getting into business 1. How do you find a good business idea? 2. Do you have the right personal qualities for success? 3. Is there a market opportunity in your business sector? 4. What is your business model and market entry strategy? 5. Can you make a profit? 6. What is the most appropriate legal form for your business? Part 2: The challenges of growing the business 7. Are you in good financial health? 8. Do you know how you win business? 9. How can you further develop your distinctiveness? 10. What is changing in your business environment? 11. What is your growth strategy? 12. Can you develop a balanced management team? 13. How do you fund growth? Part 3: The challenges of deciding whether to re-invest or exit 14. Are you a "big small business" or a "small big business"? 15. Can you change from owner to manager? 16. What are your options for realizing value?


The demand for broad money in Venezuela is investigated over a period of financial crisis and substantial exchange rate fluctuations. The analysis shows that there exist a long-run relationship between real money, real income, inflation, the exchange rate and an interest rate differential, that remains stable over major policy changes and large shocks. The long-run properties emphasize that both inflation and exchange rate depreciations have negative effects on real money demand, whereas a higher interest rate differential has positive effects. The long-run relationship is finally embedded in a dynamic equilibrium correction model with constant parameters. These results have implications for a policy-maker. In particular, they emphasize that with a high degree of currency substitution in Venezuela, monetary aggregates will be very sensitive to changes in the economic environment.


The combination of thin film hydration and ultrasonic treatment was used to prepare folic acid liposomes with lecithin and cholesterol as the membrane material and folic acid as the core material. Dialysis-spectrophotometry method was applied to determine the encapsulation efficiency of folic acid liposomes. Based on a series of single-factor experiments,the optimal conditions for preparing folic acid liposomes were explored by orthogonal array design to be preparation temperature of 60 ℃,pH 8.0,the mass ratio between lecithin and cholesterol of 5:1,and folic acid concentration of 1.4 mg/mL. The prepared liposomes under these optimal conditions had an entrapment efficiency of 30.36% with an average particle size of 335.4 nm. The liposomal suspension was sealed in a bottle and stored at 4 ℃ for 15 days for stability evaluation based on measurement of average particle size,and the results indicated that the average particle size had no significant change,which was in the range of 300 to 400 nm,and that the suspension had a good stability.


Abstract : Measurements were made of the thermal conductivity of the following candidate parachute fabrics: nylon, stainless steel, glass, graphite, and AF-1 (an organic fiber). Data were obtained with a Cenco-Fitch device in which the effects of compressive load was established. A similarity relation derived from dimensional analysis was applied to these data and resulted in a satisfactory correlation. A new apparatus was developed in order to determine fabric conductivity under varying conditions of temperature (212 to 600F), ambient pressure (15 to 0.048 psia), biaxial tension (0 to 90 ppi), and compression (1 to 10 psi). Initial data collected using the apparatus demonstrated its capabilities and analysis of these data indicate the possibility of further dimensionless correlations in which the effects of biaxial tension may be negligible. Considerably more detailed data will have to be obtained to establish repeatability and verification of these hypotheses. (Author)


The invention discloses a wearable bionic exoskeleton mechanical leg rehabilitation device which mainly comprises a trunk support, a thigh support, a crus support, a hip motor, a knee motor, a trunk tilt sensor, a control module and the like, wherein the trunk support is bounded to the upper body of a user; the thigh support is bounded to a thigh of the user, and the crus support is bounded to a crus of the user; a foot support plate is arranged at a sole of the user; the trunk support and the thigh support are connected by the hip motor; the thigh support and the crus support are respectively fixed to a stator and a rotor of the knee motor; the crus support and the foot support plate are in movable connection; the control module is connected with a wrist watch, the trunk tilt sensor, the hip motor, the knee motor and the like. The wearable bionic exoskeleton mechanical leg rehabilitation device can support the whole body of the user, can also be used by users with lower extremity weakness, can enable the users with severe lower extremity to stand up with feet and to walk simply, helps the users relieve atrophy of leg muscles and also aids normal function recovery of the lower extremity.


Analysis of the development of Russian coal mining industry and the need to improve the technology of open coal mining by placing industrial waste in goaf, different risk reduction of mining operations on Kuzbass environment is presented.


In-situ monitoring of growth parameters such as thickness and quality of InP and GaAs based materials is presented. This is a key technology for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices like VCSELs.


Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) patients in Indonesia reached 129,650 cases with a death toll of 1,071 people in 2015. DHF puts an economic burden on the community and government. This study aims to determine the difference in real cost tariffs and INA CBG's for DHF in a hospital in Sidoarjo, East Java. This cross-sectional study applied a descriptive design, conducted from January to December 2019. The data in this study consisted of characteristic data and differences in real hospital tariffs and INA CBG tariffs for DHF in the hospital treatment room. 625 hospitalized cases were included in this study. This hospital underwent a deficit (loss) of 30% from the difference between the total INA CBG's package tariffs and the total real hospital tariffs in 2019. There is a negative difference between the real hospital tariffs and the tariffs according to INA CBG's in the treatment of dengue fever in a hospital in Sidoarjo which produces losses for the hospital.


The diploma thesis on the ?Employment in the public service? is focused on analysis of the legal regulations employment of officials and on satisfaction officials with this. The thesis is divided into two sections, a theoretical and a practical one. The theoretical section is focused on legislative aspects. The practical section reflects the theoretical part. The practical section deals with views officials on their employment. In the last part of thesis are recommendations which reflect results of the marketing research.


To the difficulty in estimating the states and parameters of nonlinear industrial processes with measurement delays and model uncertainty,based on extended Kalman filter(EKF),a dual estimation algorithm is presented by introducing finite-difference filtering(FDEKF) with suboptimal fading factors.The dual strong tracking finite-difference filter is divided into the parameter filter and the state filter which are used to estimate model parameters and system states respectively.This algorithm is applied to a chemical reaction process as simulation cases.The results show that this algorithm can estimate the states and parameters of aforementioned processes accurately and run well even in the case of model or parameter deviation occurring,and good numerical robustness of the algorithm is shown.


During the past decades, rap music and hip hop culture have increasingly been utilized within the context of the Danish welfare state's integration project as a solution to societal problems with youths, who experience being marginalized and "Othered" within Danish society. This article addresses some of the contradictions that are related to this. By approaching the blend of hip hop pedagogy and policies against radicalization and criminalization of these youths through the theoretical lens of social technologies, it can be illustrated how mechanisms of power are conducted within social rap-based programmes. While such programmes are often considered as great successes by funding bodies and users alike, the article critically discusses how the use of rap as a resource for citizenship-building and inclusion of the target group in a broader societal context might entail the risk of actually excluding them.


A generalised Chebychev functional involving integral means of functions over different intervals is investigated. Bounds are obtained for which the functions are assumed to be of Holder type. A weighted generalised Chebychev functional is also introduced and bounds are obtained in terms of weighted Gruss, Chebychev and Lupas inequalities.


Pulsed laser absorption-mediated explosive crystallization of silicon films has extensively been studied using microscopy techniques on single laser pulse-irradiated regions in the literature. In t...


Single-crystal neutron scattering experiments have the advantage compared to X-ray experiments that it is possible to get positions for hydrogen atoms – typically replaced by deuterons in neutron protein crystallography. The hydrogens are important because they constitute approximately half of the atoms in a protein and determine the directionality of hydrogen bonds, which are key to the structure and function [1]. Therefore, neutron crystallographic experiments give important additional information to the model. However, adding all hydrogens by hand to the model is a tedious and error-prone work and most software add hydrogens at positions suggested by a statistical analysis of neutron structures and not based on the measured data. Moreover, it is important to decide for each hydrogen atom whether its position is supported by the experimental data or not. To solve these problems, we developed an automatised procedure that places all hydrogen atoms of a protein based on local integration of the neutron 2 mF o – DF c map. For each putative hydrogen atom, we search for the highest integrated value of the nuclear scattering length density within a sphere of the covalent radius of hydrogen. For some hydrogens, the position is dictated by the positions of the surrounding heavy atoms. However, many hydrogens can be anywhere on a circle (e.g. OH, SH and NH 3 groups) and we search all possible positions systematically for the highest integrated density. Likewise, we consider possible flips of Asn and Gln residues, we consider six possible states of His residues, and we consider alternative protonation states of Asp, Glu, Lys, Tyr and Cys residues. The method is calibrated to available neutron structures and the number of favourable hydrogen bonds are evaluated.


The sensitive direct detection of biomolecules is demonstrated by a colorimetric plasmonic biosensor utilizing the surface colors of plasmonic metasurfaces named Ag nanodome arrays. The Ag nanodome arrays consist of polystyrene bead monolayers coated with Ag thin films whose surface colors are optimized by changing the size of the polystyrene beads. The bulk refractive index sensitivity of colorimetric detection evaluated using the hue angle is 590° RIU−1 (RIU: refractive index unit). For selected geometry, the refractive index resolution (5.0 × 10−5 RIU) obtained by colorimetric detection surpasses that of spectroscopic detection evaluated via the dip wavelength in the reflection spectrum. The numerical simulations predict an enhanced sensing performance when the hue angle of the surface colors of the Ag nanodome arrays changes from 300° to 200°, corresponding to changes in the dip wavelength from 570 to 600 nm in the reflection spectra. Furthermore, the detection sensitivity of the biomolecules is characterized using a direct IgG immunoassay format. The detection limit of the IgG concentration is as low as 134 pM using simple colorimetric detection. The feasibility of sensitive label‐free immunoassays using a colorimetric plasmonic biosensor is expected to accelerate the development of highly sensitive and reliable smartphone‐based plasmonic biosensors.


The stratospheric circulation in winter 1989/90 is investigated with the aid of the transformed Eulerian mean (TEM) equations. The winter 1989/90 is characterized by a very cold mid-winter and a pronounced minor warming following it. The sudden warming was caused by the planetary wave of zonal wavenumber 1 vertically propagating from the troposphere. The temperature increase itself was fairly large but the westerly polar night jet did not reverse to the easterly at the lower stratosphere. This is consistent with the hypothesis shown by LABITZKE and VAN LOON (1988) that major mid-winter warmings are hard to occur in the easterly phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) during weak solar activity.


The study purpose is to estimate the direct relationship of constitutional provisions and other sources of constitutional law with the rule of law concept, law and democracy effectiveness, to compare and determine the priorities of Russia's constitutional values. Through a comparative legal method, issues related to the constitutional provisions interpretation and legal system characteristics at specific stages of its development in Russia and foreign countries are examined. The results of this study reveal the essence of the genesis and evolution of sources of Russian constitutional law and are of practical importance for subjects of the formation of state policy in the field of constitutional law.


Dunaliella salina is cultivated extensively in natural ponds or intensively in race way ponds for β-carotene production. The ponds are seeded with culture inoculum developed in laboratory conditions or in pilot plant. Because of its high light requirement for growth, D. salina cultures are very cell dilute. Therefore, a large volume of culture inoculum is required to seed mass culture units. The feasibility of culture of D. salina in mixotrophic mode to obtain cell dense inoculum was investigated with an Indian isolate – I3. The constituents of the mineral medium and their concentration were first standardized in growth assays. The optimized mineral medium was supplemented with organic carbon sources – glycerol, sodium acetate and malt extract and organic nitrogen sources – yeast extract and peptone to test for the best results of mixotrophic culture. A mineral medium with 100 mg L–1 potassium nitrate or urea, 0.35 mg L–1 potassium phosphate, 1 ml L–1 trace elements mix (Walne's medium) without borate and 12.5 % NaCl in sea water was found optimal. Malt and yeast extracts in the proportion of 1:3 g L–1 in optimized mineral medium was found to result in cell dense cultures. Mixotrophically cultured inoculum grown photoautotrophically in optimized mineral medium resulted in increased biomass production with higher carotene content than when photoautotrophically cultured. The production cycle decreased by 11 days compared to autotrophic cultures


15 Background: Endoscopic biopsy is the most convenient and simple method for approaching gastric neoplasm. Aim of our study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of biopsy during screening endoscopy compared to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods: 175 patients who underwent both screening endoscopic biopsy and ESD from 2015.01 to 2017.12 in Bucheon St. Mary's hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Seventeen lesions had different histopathological ESD findings compared with endoscopic biopsy. Among six endoscopic biopsies that showed atypia, four were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma and two maintained the results. 64 out of the 175 lesions showed low grade dysplasia by endoscopic biopsy. After ESD, two cases were diagnosed with high grade dysplasia and two cases were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma. Of 12 lesions which showed high grade dysplasia on endoscopic biopsy, four lesions turned out to be adenocarcinoma (three well differentiated, one moderately differentiated) after ESD. Of 91 adenocarcinoma lesions on endoscopic biopsy, three lesions had discrepancy on differentiation level and one lesion turned out to be signet ring cell carcinoma after all. Patients who were infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) had tendency to have discrepancy between initial biopsy and ESD histopathology result. (OR 3.68, 95% CI 1.08-11.955, P = 0.018). Conclusions: Discrepancy between endoscopic biopsy and post-ESD histopathology were found. Possibility of coexistence or progression to high grade neoplasm should be considered regarding endoscopic biopsy results especially if infected with H. pylori and active ESD histopathological confirmation needs to be done if necessary.


The subject innovation is the wireless LAN (Near Field Communication) NFC to life-size display and the life-size using the sensor (Wireless Lan) the combination as, life-size box advertisement, an object as a person, characters, product promotion, and events relating to a communication system, the reduction in production and the expansion or life-size in the same shape as the object, creature display on display outside the store and storefront. This devise is when it detects a person, temperature, smoke, gas, and objects around the life-size as the sensor will sound automatically saved recordings through the speakers, while the light namyeo in LED, automatically opening and closing the door, the ability to operate the camera, and a biometric, or, the function of the automatic door security system using the NFC further, by having a communication system that combines the NFC with a wireless LAN to the life-size, is more convenient than the original life-size, effective promotion, advertisement, events, or, fire and gas leak warning and It was designed to provide secure communications systems and services through the automatic doors and video cameras. More particularly, the present design is life-size display using the sensor, according to, the temperature sensor, a smoke and gas sensors, optical sensors, proximity sensors, motion recognition sensor, provided with a biometric sensor, proximity of a person and around the life-size objects movement, change in the temperature, smoke or poisonous gas and a sensor unit for the detection of the biometric; If it would have been the signal or, a NFC device and NFC card with the NFC function in the contactless near-field in the NFC antenna sent from the sensor section is detected, and that the outgoing signal, and analyze the information, and outputs the sound recording are stored, and blinking the LED and automatic contact opening, and having a microprocessor and memory that controls the operation of the camera module, it can be controlled in a variety of LED module comprising a LED driver IC (driver IC) including MOSFETs (MOSFET), and the voice and the outer It includes a microphone for inputting voice, a control unit provided with a security chip for preventing the unauthorized copying and hacking of the stored data; Power adapter, a power supply terminal, a power supply by a battery and has an input power, temperature and provided with a status LED according to a power-off function of the switch and its operation, including a solar cell; Provided by the output record, the stored sound or, the user's voice and a speaker, to output a light having the LED module, and sending an automatic door or a signal to the controller, and a camera module of a digital door lock having the external output unit; And provided with a hole for having the sensor part and the camera module, provided with a hole for outputting a sound and the LED light from the speaker, the sensor, the controller, the power supply section, the output section, and NFC, WLAN a provided in the substrate (基板), and comprises an outer case to protect the substrate, an opening for the device of the external case, a body portion having a front and rear panels, or a fixed device of the life-size; including and the control unit for recording and when playing back by speaker recorded using reproduction, the reset switch and including a status LED according to its operation, and the output unit speaker and the LED module and the camera module, the sound of the voice or the outside of the microphone and having an, automatic doors or an amplifier for amplifying the output signal to the controller when the digital door lock provided on the outside, and the volume is the volume adjustable crude A switch and a separate capable of terminals connected to an external speaker, wherein the body portion includes a fixing and charging device of having a fixing device for fixing and mounting of the life-size, and a portable device, the user person and the user environment after and having a mirror to check, mirror hole or for that device, and provided in the body portion, and further comprises the body portion provided with a print, and the printed output, and the output, and print directly on the body part. And it characterized in that it comprises a 3D output having the body portion 3D printer (3D printer) for the sensor unit, the controller, the power supply section, the output section, the NFC, the wireless LAN to the 3D output a three-dimensional output via It relates to a life-size display with a sensor to. Further, the life-size communication system; in, life-size display using the sensor; Provided in the body of the life-size NFC; is an electronic tag (RFID); refers to a single non-contact short-range radio communication using the radio frequency band of 13.56MHz, technical (NDEF) to transmit data between wireless terminals in close proximity in a 10cm . The NDEF; is the first, URL, Reader & Writer (Reader & Write) mode to read and write data such as message function Second, credit, transportation, membership and attendance management, e-money payment services such as NFC devices and NFC card as a service card emulation (card emulation) mode Third, P2P (Peer-to-Peer Communication) mode of two-way data transfer, file sharing and information exchange function between the NFC terminals, and the three functions of the NFC, the performance of the NFC function for and a NFC reader module and the NFC tag. The NFC reader module is a security chip which is responsible for security of the amplifier and the data for the amplification of, the signals having an NFC chip and memory with modules for performing both the NFC 3 functions, process data related to the transmission and reception NFC provided, and includes an application processor that is responsible for driving the graphic processing of the application. And oil, having an input and output port, and a connector for a wireless connection, and having an NFC antenna for transmitting and receiving radio frequency (RF) band of 13.56MHz by the NFC Forum devices; would have been supported and, NFC devices and NFC card is detected case, a status LED according to their operation. The NFC tag, and perform a write mode and read from the NFC 3 functions will be provided with the NFC chip and the NFC antenna. The security chip is the core chip is responsible for the credit payment, security of stored data and customer information. The NFC antenna can be characterized in that it is inactive in the normal state, by the NFC device and NFC card is detected, a short-range radio frequency signals to release the tag when the conversion to electrical signals, transmitting and receiving data related to NFC. In addition, the WLAN includes the body of the life-size; is the sensor unit, the controller, the output section, and provided in the NFC, in part linked to the wireless network, and the transmission and reception of data is possible, and the sensor unit signal and a signal or the control unit and the video and the internet terminal to the sound data user and an Internet device and a radio frequency according to the output of the camera module operating to send the case would have been the NFC device and NFC card detected in the NFC antenna sent from (RF) .; And protocol (protocol); used to establish a wireless network, and out of the wired environment, an apparatus for transmitting and receiving data and messages over the air, and provided with, and having an amplifier and a wireless LAN antenna for wireless raenchip and a wireless LAN card, a radio a transceiver, and, to a life-size in a communication system comprising the wireless LAN and the network connected, the sensor module and the sensor node, wireless speakers, wireless LED module, a wireless camera and a CCTV.