A total of 248 coagulase-positive and coagulase-variable staphylococci from two indications of swine (infections of the urinary/genital tract including strains from the mastitis metritis agalactia syndrome as well as infections of the skin) as well as two indications of dogs/cats (respiratory tract infections and infections of skin/ear/mouth) were investigated for their susceptibility to numerous antimicrobial agents. Regardless of the animal origin and indication, the most frequently detected resistance properties were resistances against penicillin G (53-77%) and ampicillin (42-75%), tetracycline (33-52%) as well as erythromycin (13-27%). Oxacillin-resistant staphylococci were rarely detected.


Summary The behavior of cellular structures formed by hexagonal cells under uniaxial compression is studied numerically by the finite element method in order to obtain the values of the macroscopic parameters for an equivalent solid. These parameters are obtained from the response calculated for each geometry, and a comparison is drawn among them. The optimum honeycomb size to be used in the computations is then selected from the aforementioned comparison so as to obtain an adequate macro-mechanical characterization from the one-dimensional compression tests. An analysis is made of the suitability of using a linear eigenvalue analysis or continuation methods.


The purpose of this paper is to review the literatures related to the workplace diversity phenomenon and the importance of its management in the organizations. By reviewing and considering the literatures, either empirical or theoretical, this paper reveals that diversity management may give positive and negative impact for the organization. These effects are depend on the factors surroundings organizations externally and internally.


Nursing of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine were given to help patients recovery after operation,improve clinical effects of surgery,prevent the complication and promote the rehabilitation,which include to give the patients psychological nursing before the operation,closely observe pathological changes after operation,treat complications in time,guide of rehabilitation exercise in early time,nursing of TCM syndrome differentiation,discharge guide and others.


The percentage of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) positivity in cancer cells, named as the tumor proportion score, is considered to be a predictive biomarker for anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy in lung cancer. PD‐L1 is expressed on not only cancer cells but also on immune cells, including macrophages. Although previous studies related to PD‐L1/2 expression in cancer tissues have been generally based on single immunohistochemistry (IHC), in the present study, we attempted to evaluate accurate PD‐L1/2 expression in cancer cells in lung adenocarcinoma cells using double IHC to also evaluate macrophages. Of the 231 patients, PD‐L1 expression was negative in 169 patients (73.2%), 1%‐49% positive in 47 patients (20.3%), and ≥50% positive in 15 patients (6.5%). Interestingly, PD‐L1 positivity was decreased when using double IHC compared with the estimation by single IHC. High PD‐L1 expression was associated with high‐grade cancer cells and in higher stage cancer. PD‐L2 was negative in 109 patients (47.2%), 1%‐49% positive in 50 patients (21.6%), and ≥50% positive in 72 patients (31.2%). The number of PD‐L2‐positive patients was increased in cases that had an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and in lower stage cancer. Thirty‐five patients (15.2%) were positive for both PD‐L1 and PD‐L2, whereas 81 patients (35.1%) were negative for both PD‐L1 and PD‐L2. Log‐rank analysis showed that progression‐free survival and overall survival were significantly the longest in the PD‐L1‐negative and PD‐L2‐positive groups (P < .0001 and P = .0120). We observed lower PD‐L1 or PD‐L2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma than previously reported. Double IHC for macrophages may help clinicians to evaluate PD‐L1 or PD‐L2 expression specifically in cancer cells.


In the beginning was the Word… already and since forever uttered. «Was», and not «hasbeen», as if it was a punctual fact, buried in the past, instead of being the cordial renewal of a latency:nostalgia of arche. This study attempts —not without a certain fear— to deal with the very commencement of John's Prologue (the beginning of speech), going deep into arduous passages of the Epistle to thePhilippians (unbearable for a pagan or metaphysic religiosity), and sounding out —as far as possible—Schelling's depths: all of this, around a vortex as incomprehensible (i. e.: unvordenklich, beforehandunthinkable) as irresistibly fascinating: the perichoresis of Deus-Trinitas. And in its deepest womb, the paradox into which every thought sinks: it is only possible to be one self if since forever, essentially, one is another; if one is constantly and lovely turned to (pros) the other.


Determining the critical path in bituminous road transport network in the past period depended only on time and cost, whereas in current period the identifying the critical path has become complicated because of multi-criteria: time, distance, security, etc. We have proposed Integrated FAHP – FTOPSIS Methodology for determining the optimal critical path based on trapezoidal, hexagonal and octagonal fuzzy numbers. The aim of this research work is for transport department and society should have through the effective methodology to avoid critical path and for safe journey. Moreover, this methodology will carry for future course of action through Ministry of Road Transport to make safe roadways which is helpful and useful for effective transportations. We are exhibiting the proposed methodology by giving a numerical example and comparing trapezoidal, hexagonal and octagonal fuzzy numbers.


Through analysis of the status of the marine dumping area in the Pearl River Estuary,the patterns of sediment movement in the marine dumping area were revealed in the Pearl River Estuary.It will affect on the balance of nature,and ocean dump in the area,so it must pay the great attention to the issue.


This article embodies the image of a strong independent woman, reflected in works from two different cultures, namely Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre and Rashod Nuri Gultegin's Cholikushi. Both works are examples of autobiographical work. It reflects the path that Jane Eyre and Ferede have taken throughout their lives, how they can continue their lives without falling through hardships and obstacles, that is, the lives of women who have been able to restrain their patience and perseverance. Life never stops, it never stops. Happiness can be achieved only by overcoming the difficulties of life. Every woman has her own place in society and worldview. It is no exaggeration to say that these two works reflect the same two views. That is, women are the beauty of the world.


Two samples of market oysters, primarily from retail establishments, were collected twice each month in each of nine states during 2007. Samples were shipped refrigerated overnight to five U.S. Food and Drug Administration laboratories on a rotating basis and analyzed by most probable number (MPN) for total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus numbers and for the presence of toxigenic V. cholerae , Salmonella spp., norovirus (NoV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Levels of indicator organisms, including fecal coliforms (MPN), Escherichia coli (MPN), male-specific bacteriophage, and aerobic plate counts, were also determined. V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus levels were distributed seasonally and geographically by harvest region and were similar to levels observed in a


SUMMARY

Successive developmental stages of Salmo gairdnerii showed marked differences in their resistance to the action of the non-ionic surfactant, nonyl phenol ethoxylate. The alevins, immediately after hatching, were highly resistant and survived concentrations of up to 42 p.p.m. for 6 hr. This resistance gradually decreased with the absorption of the yolk sac: when the yolk had been completely absorbed and before the fry had fed the lethal concentration was 2·5 p.p.m.

After several days of feeding, resistance slightly increased but showed no further rise after 15 days. A concentration of 5·2 p.p.m. of nonyl phenol ethoxylate for 6 hr. was toxic both to 40- and to 210-day-old fish.

It is considered that these changes in resistance are not correlated with changes in respiratory activity of the fish but with their water metabolism.


The data contained within this layer represents information acquired from the New Jersey Clean Energy Program's Solar Activity Report (http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/project-activity-reports/project-activity-reports). The boundaries were calculated using a combination of 2015 ortho imagery and oblique aerial imagery using Pictometry.


Virtual laboratories provide scope for fostering self-regulated learning (SRL). Open Educational Resources promote SRL since they offer free access, reuse, and redistribution to teaching, learning, and research resources. Project OSCAR is an online repository of learning objects (LOs) consisting of audio-visual animations and simulations for STEM concepts. This repository provides anytime access to the learners and addresses the lack of laboratory infrastructure and resources in educational institutions. Project OSCAR hosts various types of LOs, 2D and 3D animations; different types of narratives, process explanation videos and interactive simulations; and even a set of free 3D models available for creating your own animations. The design of the LOs in Project OSCAR is based on widely accepted SRL strategies such as self-observation, self-judgment, selfevaluation etc. to present a new experience to the learners. This article explains the overall structure of the repository and the process of LO development. We deliberate on the examples of LOs where the specific SRL strategies are operationalized.


A list of the mosquito holotypes and paratypes housed in the collection of the Department of Medical Entomology at the South African Institute for Medical Research is given. This list includes 17 Aedes species, 1 Aedes subspecies, 11 Anopheles species, 5 Cults species, 3 Culex subspecies, 1Mimomyia species and 1 Uranotaenia species. All pinned adults are in good condition and, in the case of the immatures, where the mounting medium has dried out the specimens are still visible on the slides.


Objective: To evaluate antibacterial drugs application of inpatients in the third people's hospital of Luoyang City from 2008 to 2010,and provide references for rational use and management of antibacterial drugs.Methods: The datas of antibacterial drug application of inpatients in our hospital from 2008 to 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Sales amount,DDDs and DDC were observed.Results: The proportion of consumption sum of antibacterial drugs decreased year by year from 2008 to 2010.Cephalosporin,penicillin and quinolone were dominated the top three in consumption list during the three years.Cefuroxime for injection ranked the front row in respect of sales amount and DDDs from 2008 to 2010.Conclusion: The antibacterial drugs application is basically rational in our hospital,however,there also are some inappropriate problems such as senior antibiotic selection,drug overdose and hierarchical management loosely.


Acoustic-based analysis has been widely used for the maintenance and operation of industrial machines. However, interferences and background noise highly contaminate the observed acoustic signal. Here, we present a novel two-stage multichannel source separation technique for improved separation and robust anomaly detection. Beamforming is applied in the first stage to provide separation at a coarser level. Sequential transform learning is employed in the second stage to learn the dynamics of the time-varying source signal for more refined source separation. The separated machine sounds are analyzed for anomaly using a simple template matching approach. Results obtained using the MIMII dataset indicate that the proposed two-stage method provides an average improvement of 1.98 dB in signal-to-noise ratio and 19.75$\%$ in accuracy when compared to the best-performing state-of-the-art methods for source separation and anomaly detection, respectively.


The anterolateral thigh flap is a workhorse reconstructive flap. Versatility in design is a key strength but perforator anatomy can be variable. Inability to locate perforators prompts consideration of contralateral thigh exploration. However, such exploration would be futile if the absence of perforators proves symmetrical. This study assesses the symmetry of anterolateral thigh flap vasculature using computed tomography angiography (CTA).


This chapter considers the management of local governments in a growing information society. We highlight two proposed models for the management of local governments. The first model is the IT progress stage. This stage considered the previously published literature. The second model is the management level model. This model indexed the appearance of management activities learned from an original empirical survey completed in 2009. We analyzed the relationship between the IT progress stage and the management level model. Thereafter, we proposed a common progress stage model for local governments. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-839-2.ch016


CGRP is a 37 amino acid neuropeptide found in the peripheral ends of sensory neurons in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to examine the chemical neuroanatomy of the ovine oesophagus with particular reference to the distribution of CGRP. The terminal thoracic oesophagus was obtained from 8 adult cross-bred merinos. A variety of neurohistological methods including silver and osmium staining, enzyme histochemistry, histofluorescence and immunohistochemistry was used to compare the morphology of axons and nerve endings. The presence of neuropeptides was identified in aldehyde-fixed sections using immunofluorescence methods. CGRP-immunoreactive (CRGP-IR) fibres were distributed in all layers of the oesophagus. A particularly rich supply of CGRP-IR fibres was found in the myenteric plexus. The muscularis mucosae and blood vessels received a less dense supply of CGRP-IR fibres. Immunoreactive fibres were found regularly in the papillae of the lamina propria extending to the mucosa. Bundles of fibres originating from vagal branches were associated with myenteric ganglia radiating within and between the muscular layer to form a network of intramural plexuses. There were numerous CGRP-containing cell bodies and axons in the general visceral afferent neurons of the vagus (nodose ganglion) and CGRP-IR fibres around many principal neurons (50.200 cells/section) of the stellate ganglion. Double staining showed that most CGRP-IR fibres found in striated oesophageal muscle coincided with the distribution of acetylcholinesterase-positive motor endplates. The CGRP pattern suggests that CGRP is present not only in the peripheral ends of sensory neurons in the oesophagus


influenced by state policies and practices that contribute to ease of access to the program, people's perception of potential benefit, and awareness of eligibility.


This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com. Recommended Citation Eason, Ruth Robinson (1964) "Maternal Care as Exhibited by Wolf Spiders," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 18 , Article 6. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol18/iss1/6 brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk


Significance Many chemicals are valuable because they bind to other molecules. Chemical theory cannot directly design "binders." However, we might recreate in the laboratory the Darwinian processes that nature uses to create binders. This in vitro evolution uses nucleic acids as binders, libraries of DNA/RNA to survive a selection challenge before they can have "children" (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, SELEX). Unfortunately, with only four nucleotides, natural DNA/RNA often yields only poor binders, perhaps because they are built from only four building blocks. Synthetic biology has increased the number of DNA/RNA building blocks, with tools to sequence, PCR amplify, and clone artificially expanded genetic information systems (AEGISs). We report here the first example of a SELEX using AEGIS, producing a molecule that binds to cancer cells. Artificially expanded genetic information systems (AEGISs) are unnatural forms of DNA that increase the number of independently replicating nucleotide building blocks. To do this, AEGIS pairs are joined by different arrangements of hydrogen bond donor and acceptor groups, all while retaining their Watson–Crick geometries. We report here a unique case where AEGIS DNA has been used to execute a systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) experiment. This AEGIS–SELEX was designed to create AEGIS oligonucleotides that bind to a line of breast cancer cells. AEGIS–SELEX delivered an AEGIS aptamer (ZAP-2012) built from six different kinds of nucleotides (the standard G, A, C, and T, and the AEGIS nonstandard P and Z nucleotides, the last having a nitro functionality not found in standard DNA). ZAP-2012 has a dissociation constant of 30 nM against these cells. The affinity is diminished or lost when Z or P (or both) is replaced by standard nucleotides and compares well with affinities of standard GACT aptamers selected against cell lines using standard SELEX. The success of AEGIS–SELEX relies on various innovations, including (i) the ability to synthesize GACTZP libraries, (ii) polymerases that PCR amplify GACTZP DNA with little loss of the AEGIS nonstandard nucleotides, and (iii) technologies to deep sequence GACTZP DNA survivors. These results take the next step toward expanding the power and utility of SELEX and offer an AEGIS–SELEX that could possibly generate receptors, ligands, and catalysts having sequence diversities nearer to that displayed by proteins.


et al. Eye involvement in inherited epidermolysis bullosa: experience of the National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry. Am J Ophthalmol 2004; 138: 254–62). Although limited by relatively small numbers, our study lays the groundwork for collaboration across the nationally funded paediatric and adult EB centres within the UK to characterize comprehensively eye disease in EB, including genotype–phenotype correlation, whether ocular involvement correlates with involvement of other organs and longitudinal assessment of progression, including positive and negative outcomes of both medical and surgical interventions.


The invention relates to the field of digital televisions and discloses a set top box user interface updating method, front-end device and system and a set top box. According to the set top box user interface updating method, the set top box user interface updating front-end device receives system configuration parameters and descriptor broadcast information, generates corresponding descriptor and broadcast parameters, and sends the corresponding descriptor and broadcast parameters to the set top box, the set top box updates a user interface according to the descriptor. According to the set top box user interface updating method, front-end device and system, type information, corresponding to the system configuration parameter information, of the interface to be updated is set in the descriptor on the basis of updating needs. In addition, the descriptor contains a path and a version number of a data updating file which corresponds to present interface updating, so that updating of a startup picture, a startup video, an advertisement and columns can be achieved in a graded mode according to the needs, or updating of the whole interface can be achieved. Therefore, the set top box user interface updating method, front-end device and system and a set top box can achieve updating of the user interface in multiple modes.


Administrative Appeals Tribunal, Deputy Pres. Boyle, 3 April 2020 An application for an extension of time to lodge a review of the decision to disqualify the applicant from managing a corporation for four years


Lipase from Rhizopus oryzae (ROL) was immobilized as crosslinked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) via precipitation with ammonium sulfate and simultaneous crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The optimum conditions of the immobilization process were determined. Lipase CLEAs showed a twofold increase in activity when Tween 80‐pretreated lipase was used for CLEA preparation. CLEAs were shown to have several advantages compared to free lipase. CLEAs were more stable at 50°C and 60°C as well as for a wide range of pH. After incubation at 50°C, CLEA showed 74% of initial activity whereas free enzyme was totally inactivated. Reduction of Schiff bases has been performed for the first time in the CLEA preparation process significantly improving the chemically modified CLEAs' reusability, thus providing an enzyme with high potential for recycling even under aqueous reaction conditions where enzyme leakage is, in general, one of the major problems. The CLEA retained 91% activity after 10 cycles in aqueous medium. The immobilized enzyme was used for kinetic resolution reactions. Results showed that immobilization had an enhancing effect on the conversion (c) as well as on the enantiomeric ratio (E). ROL CLEA displayed five times higher enantioselectivity for the hydrolysis of (R,S)‐1‐phenylethyl acetate and likewise 1.5 times higher enantioselectivity for the transesterification of racemic (R–S)‐1‐phenylethanol with vinylacetate. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 28: 937–945, 2012


The complicated coding of tumorous cells requires emerging molecular biology tools for early diagnosis and for the better understandings of cancer progression. In spite of the advancement in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to hit breast cancer, it is still a second major cause of cancerous deaths among women globally. In therapeutic vibes, deregulation in the expression of genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, PIK3, RB, MDM2, TPK53 and HER2 involved in breast cancer prevalence. Furthermore, microRNAs such as miR-200, miR-27a, miR-182 and let-7 have been demonstrated that hold some potential hope to extricate from the complexity of cancerous cells. This review elaborates the different risk factors that lead to breast cancer progression and the current therapeutic approaches ongoing to tackle the tangled cellular behavior of cancerous cell. Moreover, for the better understandings of various signaling cascades involved in breast cancer development and to design effective therapies, researchers further needed to take interest in upcoming approaches including biophysics and nanotechnology based gene therapy and drug delivery.


Emission spectra of glyoxal, glyoxal-d1, and glyoxal-d2 have been excited using the various lines of an argon ion laser. The bands have been assigned to 3 band systems, viz. the 1Au–1Ag and 3Au–1Ag (π*–n) systems of the trans molecule and the 1B1–1A1 (π*–n) system of the cis molecule. The vibrational constants are in good agreement with earlier values. Some new vibrational constants have been determined.


This paper presents the current transformer loading resistance design in the mode of ground short circuit. Design loading resistance of YCTG at high-voltage side of the unit substantially depend prefault unit conditions. At F(1) by rated prefault duty when Zcal of current transformers is maximal - indelivery of actual power to power system operating in the maximal mode that provides the maximal current of zero sequence value. In the mode of ground short circuit near the high-power generator-transformer unit operating in the power system is necessary for using as one of rated duty when definition of loading resistance of current transformers in YCTG at high-voltage side. Because design loading in such mode can essentially exceed loading at the same kinds of short circuit but in a mode of isolated unit operate. Design model of primary connections of power plant for loading definition of current transformers in YCTG at high-voltage side of the unit usually not to agree with the maximal power plant mode by calculation of short circuit currents.


Passive estimation of the time‐varying field directionality using a towed acoustic array remains a central problem in passive sonar. Typically, array processing algorithms are designed around the assumption of a linear array and fail to take advantage of the dynamics associated with a towed array. Performance of such systems can often be complicated by left‐right ambiguities associated with the array as well as poor resolution near endfire directions. In this paper, the dynamics of the towed array are exploited allowing for left‐right disambiguation as well as improved endfire resolution. A new method for online spatial spectrum estimation is presented. The maximum likelihood (ML) of the time‐varying field is solved for using a single expectation maximization step after each received data snapshot. A multi‐source, dynamic simulation is used to illustrate the proposed algorithm's ability to suppress ambiguous towed‐array backlobes and resolve closely spaced interferers near endfire which pose challenges for conventional beamforming approaches, especially during array maneuvers. Simulation results suggest the online ML method offers improved M‐of‐N detection performance over that of conventional beamforming. [This work was supported by ONR.]


Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are a growing area of research in business information systems. The primary purpose of this research was to test the effect of ERP implementation on users. We used the implementation and performance stage model and studied issues related to adaptation, acceptance, and routinization stages. An exploratory case study was conducted to study these research issues. The case study consisted of a survey and interview of 25 employees at one organization. The results provide data analysis findings from the survey and qualitative findings from the interview. The findings of the case study point to a positive user climate during transition to SAP, increased user productivity, and improved job understanding through the use of SAP software.


An electrical power system for the Space Station was designed, developed and built. This system provides for electrical power generation, conditioning, storage, and distribution. The initial configuration uses photovoltaic power generation. The power system control is based on a hierarchical architecture to support the requirements of automation. In the preliminary design and technology development phase of the program, various modeling techniques and software tools were evaluated for the purpose of meeting the Space Station power system modeling requirements. Rocketdyne and LeRC jointly selected the EASY5 simulation software, developed by Boeing Computer Services, as a system level modeling tool. The application of the selected analytical modeling approach to represent the entire power system is described. Typical results of model predictions are also summarized. The equipment modeled includes solar arrays, dc to ac converters, resonant inverters, battery storage system, alternator, transmission line, switch gear, and system level microprocessor controls. During the advanced development phase of this program, several models were developed using this approach.


Objective Test whether Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) was non-inferior to cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for treating symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among veterans via a parallel randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. Setting Outpatient Veterans Affairs healthcare centre. Participants 85 veterans (75 men, 61% white, mean age 56.9) with symptoms of PTSD participated between October 2015 and March 2020: 59 participants completed the study. Interventions SKY emphasises breathing routines and was delivered in group format in a 15-hour workshop followed by two 1-hour sessions per week for 5 weeks. CPT is an individual psychotherapy which emphasises shifting cognitive appraisals and was delivered in two 1-hour sessions per week for 6 weeks. Measures The primary outcome measure was the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). The secondary measures were the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Results Mean PCL-C at baseline was 56.5 (±12.6). Intent-to-treat analyses showed that PCL-C scores were reduced at 6 weeks (end of treatment) relative to baseline (SKY, −5.6, d=0.41, n=41: CPT, −6.8, d=0.58, n=44). The between-treatment difference in change scores was within the non-inferiority margin of 10 points (−1.2, 95% CI −5.7 to 3.3), suggesting SKY was not inferior to CPT. SKY was also non-inferior at 1-month (CPT–SKY: −2.1, 95% CI −6.9 to 2.8) and 1-year (CPT–SKY: −1.8, 95% CI −6.6 to 2.9) assessments. SKY was also non-inferior to CPT on the BDI-II and PANAS at end of treatment and 1 month, but SKY was inferior to CPT on both BDI-II and PANAS at 1 year. Dropout rates were similar (SKY, 27%, CPT, 34%: OR=1.36, 95% CI 0.51 to 3.62, p=0.54). Conclusions SKY may be non-inferior to CPT for treating symptoms of PTSD and merits further consideration as a treatment for PTSD. Trial registration number NCT02366403.


The uniqueness theorem for the ergodic maximal operator is proved in the continuous case. Let (X,S,µ) be a finite measure space,


Ctenotus quinkan sp. nov. is known only from the sandstone country between Laura and Cooktown, Queensland. Ctenotus rawlinsoni sp. nov. has been collected only from the coastal heaths between Cooktown and Cape Flattery, Queensland.


This study examines the performance of employees of PT. Jaya Masawan Putra Sejahtera Pasaraya Bandung Palembang. The purpose of this study was to determine and prove whether the provision of incentives and fingerprint attendance had an effect either simultaneously or partially on employee performance. The population in this study were 169 employees and the sampling technique used by the Slovin formula was 119 employees. The technique of collecting data is through the distribution of closed questionnaires. The research instrument data were tested for validity and reliability. The analysis technique uses inferential statistics with multiple linear regression equations, then the regression coefficient, correlation coefficient and determination coefficient are carried out. Hypothesis testing through F-test and t-test both to see the effect simultaneously or partially. The significance level is 5%, the data processing media is through the SPSS version 20 program. The results of data analysis obtained a correlation (r) between incentives and fingerprint attendance with employee performance of 0.993 or 99.30% which means that the relationship between incentives and fingerprint attendance with employee performance has a strong and significant relationship, and R2 is 0.985 or 98 ,50% means that the variation in employee performance is explained by the provision of incentives and the remaining fingerprint attendance (100% - 98.50% = 1.50%) is explained by other factors such as motivation, work discipline, work performance and work climate . Multiple linear regression equation : = 0.273 + 0.493 X1 + 0.581 X2 + e. F-Test results obtained Fhit value of 38.329 with the level of Sig. 0.000, because the value of Sig,F <0.05, it proves that presenting incentives and fingerprint attendance has an effect on employee performance. The results of the t-test obtained thit value 9,460 with Sig.0,000 <0.05 for presenting incentives, thit value 13,087 with Sig.0,000<0.05 for fingerprint attendance partially affects employee performance.


where u and v denote the parameters determining the curves and t is the parameter which determines the points on the curve. By this method of definition the equations of a congruence of curves are given a form similar to that usually adopted in the discussions of rectilinear congruences, so that one proceeds naturally to a generalization of some of the properties of the latter. At the same time the curves, as above defined, are looked upon as the intersections of surfaces, namely, those defined by (1), when u and v respectively are constants. In ?? 1, 2 we show how the theorems of DARBOUX can be established when the congruence is defined in this manner. Several examples are given to illustrate the different theorems. In ? 3 we consider the problem of determiining a function 4 (u, v ) such that the tangents to the curves of the congruence at the points of intersection with the surface, defined by (1) after t has been replaced by 4,, shall form a normal congruence, or in the second place the ruled surfaces u = const., v = const. of this congruence of tangents shall be developable. It is shown that for every congruence a function exists which furnishes a solution to the first of these problems, and the condition is found which the functions/, f2, f3 must satisfy in order that 4 may be constant. However, there does not always exist a function such that the second condition is satisfied. But when the curves t = const.,


1 The effect of the phosphatase inhibitor, cantharidin (3–300 μm) on force of contraction was studied in isolated electrically driven right ventricular trabeculae carneae from human myocardium. 2 The positive inotropic effect of cantharidin started at a concentration of 100 μm with a positive inotropic effect to 199% and to 276% of the predrug value in nonfailing and failing human hearts, respectively. 3 Under basal conditions the contraction time parameters were prolonged in human heart failure vs. nonfailing preparations. However, the positive inotropic effect of cantharidin did not affect contraction time parameters. Thus, time to peak tension, time of relaxation and total contraction time were not shortened by cantharidin in nonfailing and failing preparations. 4 The phosphatase activity was unchanged in preparations from failing hearts compared to nonfailing hearts. 5 Cantharidin inhibited phosphatase activity in a concentration‐dependent manner. The IC50 value of cantharidin was about 3 μm in both nonfailing and failing human myocardium. 6 The positive inotropic effect of cantharidin was similar in nonfailing and failing human hearts, accompanied by a similar inhibitory effect of cantharidin on the phosphatase activity. The positive inotropic effect of cantharidin in failing hearts was as strong as the effect of isoprenaline in nonfailing hearts. 7 It is concluded that the treatment with a phosphatase inhibitor may offer a new positive inotropic modality for the treatment of human heart failure.


Adversity Quotient (AQ) or intelligence in facing adversity is not foreign in the corpus ofpsychological knowledge. AQ research has encompassed fields and contexts in many countries sinceit was introduced in 1997. AQ is a complementary intelligence to intellectual and emotionalintelligence in determining individual's success. The study related to self-reflection on AQ is limitedand restricted, whereas reflective element is useful in analysing the strength and weakness of anindividual. Therefore, this paper is a reflection of myself throughout my experience in learning


Real-time DSP operating systems have recently appeared in several commercial products that integrate multimedia processing into PCs. The DSP OSs, which run on DSP subsystems integrated on PC adapter cards, include admission control capabilities to ensure that timing guarantees are met and sufficient resources are available to handle the processing demands of a given mix of applications. Admission control is possible because the timing characteristics of the kernels are fully understood and real-time scheduling is used for all kernel resources. If a real-time approach is to be successful in host OSs, a similar approach must be followed. We compare the performance of the DSP OS and host OS approaches. We describe the DSP OS architectures and their admission control algorithms. We describe a general framework we have developed which models OSs for the purpose of admission control.


The importance of sedation in the ICU. The authors shortly describe the use of sedation as useful tool to reduce patient discomfort and to modulate stress response, in critically ill patients.


Then we studied extracts from different novels anddifferent books that give an overview of the evolution of the school system in UK.


For fuel-steam pressure model using H∞ control theory, a robust controller is designed. According to the supercritical unit object properties test fuel-steam pressure model is set up, and H∞ controller design attributed to H_∞ mixed sensitivity problem. Reasonably select the weighted function, and establish the H∞ controller. From the perspective of the singular values, H_∞ controller control effect were analyzed, and the H∞ controller compares with the traditional PID controller. The simulation results show that fuel-steam pressure controller designed according to the H∞ control theory has better effect set-point track ability and robustness.


Introduction: The thermo-optic (TO) effect is an effective way to achieve optical phase modulation and tuning [1] for SOI-based photonic devices. These TO-based modules such as Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switches generally need analog voltage signal to control its optical output so that the driving circuits must have digital-analog converters (DAC). Especially when a device (e.g., optical matrix switch) consists of large number of such MZI units, the driving circuits could be very bulky because of lots of DACs. If the TO components can remain in digital driving domain, the driving circuit could become much simpler and also be possibly achieved through monolithic integration. Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a well-established digital control technique in power electrical devices, which is also used in DACs by connecting with an analog low-pass filter. As we know that the TO effect usually has the response of tens of kilohertz, it could behave as a low-pass filter if we use a clock with a much higher frequency. Thus, we can use the pulse width modulation to realize the analog optical output without DAC. In this study, we demonstrate feasibility of PWM in driving TO-MZI switch and the 5 MHz clock could guarantee the 8 bit resolution for the PWM frequency up to 19 KHz. Experiment: The arm-balanced 22 MZI switch was fabricated on a 2-inch silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer with ~250 nm top Si layer and ~3 μm buried oxide layer. The process and measurement system were same to that we reported in Ref. [2], but without MOSFET parts. Each MZI arm had a TiN resistor of ~100 Ω. The MZI switch was based on silicon wire waveguides (~500nm in width) formed using electron beam lithography. The first step to establish PWM is to find the suitable clock frequency. Fig. 1(a) shows the optical response of the cross port of MZI switch at gradually enhanced frequencies of the driving voltage on the TiN heater. From the return-to-zero response time at the low frequency such as 1 KHz, we can estimate the highest operational speed of the heater (under the cladding thickness of 1 μm) is about 25 KHz. Operation at a frequency lower than 25 KHz is the conventional usage of the TO-MZI switch. With the increase of the frequency, the ripple in the optical output decreases, i.e., the heater cannot catch the variation of driving voltage with a correct response. The optical output is almost constant with time at 1 MHz. In other words, the MZI switch works at the digital input-digital output mode at low frequencies (<25 KHz), and the digital input-analog output mode at high frequencies (> 1 MHz). The clock of PWM corresponds to the latter and as a result, the analog optical output can be tuned by pulse width (represented by duty ratio). In Fig. 1(a), the square wave denotes 50% duty ratio. To guarantee the resolution at a high PWM frequency (at most 25 KHz), we adopted 5MHz clock and performed the switching control, as shown in Fig. 1(b). The constant optical power level was measured by the power meter under different duty ratios of the clock. With increasing the duty ratio, both the cross and bar ports can be turning off and on periodically, indicating that successful driving by PWM. We also confirmed the 8 bit digital control using 5 MHz clock and 10 KHz PWM. Acknowledgements: The authors thank Messrs.J. Tsukada and K. Tashiro for their technical assistances. This work was partly supported by VICTORIES. Wafer dicing was done in IBEC, AIST.


We report the case of a 69‐year‐old man five‐month post double lung transplant for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who presented with progressive breathlessness, loss of lung function, and diffuse ground glass shadowing on the chest computed tomography. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed foamy macrophages, hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, and eosinophilic material in the alveolar space. Video thoracic lung biopsy was performed, and histology confirmed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Anti‐granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) antibodies were negative. Bilateral sequential whole lung lavage (WLL) was performed. Lavage fluid recovered during WLL was notably dark brown in colour and upon analysis was shown to contain heavily oxidized protein (lipofuscin), giant lipofuscin‐engorged macrophages, and a highly pro‐inflammatory gene expression profile. Following WLL, the patient's symptoms, lung function, and radiology appearance improved. His repeat bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis showed reduced lipofuscin and normalized macrophage size and gene expression.


The invention oxide glass or oxide glass-a larger area of the SOI structure having a crystalline semiconductor least one region consisting of (e. G., Doped silicon) layer - single as attached to a support substrate composed of a ceramic (20) is substantially It provides a semiconductor (SOI) structure on an insulating substrate including. The oxide glass or oxide glass-ceramic is preferably transparent and preferably a strain point of less than 1000 ℃, and has a resistivity of less than 1016 at 250 ℃-㎝, in response to an electric field at elevated temperatures (e.g., 300-1000 ℃) cations that can move from a ceramic-glass or glass-containing a (e.g., alkali or alkaline earth metal ion). Bonding strength between the semiconductor layer 15 and the supporting substrate 20 is preferably at least 8joules / meter The semiconductor layer 15 is a semiconductor material or glass in glass - can comprise a hybrid region (16) for the oxygen ions and the reaction comes from the ceramics. And the support substrate 20 is preferably includes a depletion region 23, which reduces the concentration of said mobile cations. Semiconductor, insulating substrate, silicon, ceramic, crystal


We present the status of the project PLASMONX, recently approved by INFN. This project, based on a collaboration between INFN and CNR-IPCF, aims at a long term upgrade of the SPARC system with the goal to develop at LNF an integrated facility for advanced beam-laser-plasma research in the field of advanced acceleration techniques and ultra-bright X-ray radiation sources and related applications. The project, in its first phase, foresees the development at LNF of a High Intensity Laser Laboratory (HILL) whose main component is a 100 TW-class Ti: Sa laser system synchronized to the SPARC photo-injector. Experiments of self-injection and acceleration of electrons into laser driven plasma waves will be conducted at HILL-LNF, early in this first project phase. Eventually an additional beam line will be built in the SPARC bunker in order to transport the SPARC electron beam at an interaction point, where a final focus system will allow to conduct experiments either of laser-beam co-propagation in plasma waves for high gradient acceleration, or experiments of laser-beam head-on collisions to develop a Thomson source of bright ultra-short X-ray radiation pulses, with X-ray energies tunable in the range 20 to 1000 keV and pulse duration from 30 fs to 20 ps. Preliminary simulations of plasma acceleration with self-injection are illustrated, as well as external injection of the SPARC electron beam.


ABSTRACT. This paper describes my experiences designing fishery models, starting from a mathematical background in the differential equations of theoretical physics. Three examples from my early research, cited by Quinn in the lead article for this issue, illustrate a historical approach to model design. Although such analytical results provide useful tools for thought, they sometimes gloss over important assumptions and limitations. I describe the series of questions that led me from simple models to a more complete statistical framework, involving state space models and Bayes statistics. Modern fishery models often grow into complex structures that depend on numerous arbitrary choices about underlying deterministic processes, process error, and measurement error. Given this inherent ambiguity and uncertainty, I discuss scientific limits to quantitative fishery models and future prospects for devising robust management algorithms.


Based on the group search optimizer with neighborhood search (NGSO) and the improved catastrophic genetic algorithm(ICGA),this paper proposes a novel hybrid algorithm for solving reactive-power optimization of power system.Considering the characteristics of the two kinds of algorithms,the reactive power optimization will be solved by improved sequential method,which adopts ICGA twice to update the solutions first and then NGSO is used to make the solutions closer to the current optimal solution,and then alternates to get the global optimal solution.When it is tested in IEEE118-bus system,the hybrid algorithm has competitive superiority to other algorithms in terms of global performance and local optimum search,especially on the optimization effect and stability.The hybrid algorithm is also applied to the actual 290-bus grid.The promising results illustrate the applicability of hybrid algorithm for solving reactive-power optimization of the actual power system.


FAILURE of the myocardium to respond to an electronic pacemaker with implanted electrodes, because the threshold to electric stimulation is abnormally high, is known to occur occasionally.1 , 2 In all the cases reported in which this difficulty has arisen, it has been corrected by replacement with a new unit, by an increase in the energy output of the implanted unit or by appropriate drug therapy. We are not aware of any previous report of a patient with a normally functioning pacemaker who died primarily because the myocardium was no longer responding to what had previously been an adequate stimulus, and wish . . .


Introduction Using greenways could be helpful to promote the improvement of urban streets. Greenways, as they are known, improve the pedestrianism and related qualities like climatic comfort, visual complexity and desirable serial visions. The objective of this research is to evaluate the capacity of Mâdies network in Isfahan to function as greenway. This research aims to assess in what extent they can play as main part of a vast green network. Mâdies are several streams divided directly from Zayandeh-Rood River. They constitute the main part of the historic-natural structure of Isfahan. There are about 250 km of these manmade streams which are perfectly planned, designed and constructed according to the topographic characteristics of the plain of Isfahan. Originally, Mâdies were created to irrigate the farmlands surrounding the river in the plain of Isfahan since the Safavids period. Today their role is completely changed in one hand due to the drought of Zayandeh-Rood River (source of water in Mâdies) and expansion of city and land use changes from agricultural into different urban land uses on the other hand. By the way, today Mâdies could play a vital role in improvement of environmental qualities despite their changing role. They are fundamental elements of urban structure in the city and reinforce the organic and natural aspects of urban planning and design as basic parts of greenway characteristics. Therefore, they could be considered as main structure of green network in the city of Isfahan. As it is known, greenways enhance quality of environment, aesthetic, recreation, education, relaxation, and preservation of habitation. Greenways can help the protection of ecological continuity. They are managed, planned and designed for several functions such as environmental, recreational, cultural, aesthetic and other purposes. Thus, we can extract greenway characteristics from existing definitions such as their linear form, organic design, social inclusiveness and their perfect adaption to the urban environment. Mâdies can play a central role as part of a structure which is greenway network. To do this, it is necessary to know in what extend they are appropriate to this function. This paper tried to identify the strengths and weaknesses of Mâdies to fulfill the task of being greenways.


The in-plane resistivity ρab(T) and out-of-plane resistivity ρc(T) are measured for Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 superconducting thin films successfully deposited by in situ magnetron RF-sputtering on vicinal (100) SrTiO3 substrates. Oriented film with c axis inclined with respect to the basal plane by a tilt angle α ≈ 4° was obtained. It was found that for the underdoped region ρab(T) deviates from the high T-linear behavior, which evidences the opening of the pseudogap while from the out-of-plane resistivity measurements, we found that the temperature corresponding to the minimum between metallic and semiconducting behavior appears to reflect the opening of the pseudogap for transport along c axis. We also found that the opening of the pseudogap seen in ρab(T) does not coincide with the pseudogap along c axis.


Respiratory depression after fentanyl corrected by doxacram 1 mg/kg iv was studied among 30 cases. The tidal volume, minute volume and respiratory
f-equeflcy were all increased significantly (p0.01). 25 cases (83%) gave an paramount effect while the rest(17%) moderate(p0.01).It is well known that doxapram Is an effective analeptic respiratory stimulator. Adverse reactions of doxapram itself were mild.


Boron is widely used in various areas of modern technology. Due to the environmental problems arising during the production and use, the studies on the removal and recovery of boron from wastewater have been increased recently. Membrane distillation (MD) system is smaller in size with respect to other common distillation systems and needs lower operating temperatures. In addition, the equipment costs are reduced and the safety of the process increases since it operates at lower pressures. Moreover, the membrane distillation process can remove pollutants from water without using chemicals. In this study, boron rejection from aqueous solutions and wastewater was investigated by using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system where both surfaces of a porous hydrophobic membrane were in contact with liquid streams. The effects of various parameters (pH, feed concentration, feed temperature, etc.) on boron rejection were investigated and the highest boron rejection was found to be 50 % when pH=10 at 50 °C and with feeding by a pump of 54 rpm. According to the test results of wastewater from Kirka Borax treatment plants, the mean distillate fluxes were found as 13, 16 and 14 L m -2 h -1 at the feed temperatures of 30, 40 and 50 °C, respectively. The boron removal percentages were found to be 47, 64 and 48 % at 30, 40 and 50 °C, respectively. It was observed in the XRD spectra that the crystals in wastewater mainly consist of Na 2 B(OH) 4 Cl and Mg 2 B 2 O 5 structures.


The Juan de Fuca eddy, located off the coasts of Washington (USA) and British Columbia (Canada), has been identified as a region that frequently contains relatively high levels of domoic acid (DA), a toxin produced by some members of the marine diatom genus, Pseudo-nitzschia. This seasonal eddy provides a unique environment to study the influence of nutrients on Pseudo-nitzschia abundance and DA accumulation in the field. Vertical sampling in the Juan de Fuca region was conducted in May, July and September of 2001 in an effort to determine environmental conditions and phytoplankton dynamics within the eddy compared to surrounding waters. The eddy was characterized by high primary productivity and high biomass in May and September relative to surrounding waters and was dominated by diatoms in the >5 μm size-fraction. In May, nitrate (NO 3 - ) concentrations and the corresponding NO 3 - assimilation rates by phytoplankton within the eddy surface waters were relatively low. In contrast, in September, NO 3 - was high and NO 3 - assimilation rates increased by 7 times relative to those in May. DA was below detection levels at all stations in May and July. In September, Pseudo-nitzschia reached highest cell densities (∼2 x 10 4 cells l -1 ) and particulate DA (∼30 ng DA equivalents l -1 ) was detected in surface waters of the eddy. The presence of DA in healthy growing phytoplankton communities indicates a need to examine other environmental conditions that induce DA production in natural Pseudo-nitzschia populations than have previously been reported in nutrient-stressed laboratory studies.


ABSTRACT This study examines differences in partisan style and ideology between male and female state political party committee members. Based on a 1994 survey, the study finds no gender differences in partisan style among Republicans and only minor differences among Democrats. There is only a minor ideological gender gap in both parties. The survey showed that both men and women have similar affiliative ties to the political party (e.g., years of service, numbers and types of positions held). It is argued that activists with closer affiliative ties to the party may encounter similar socializing experiences that mitigate possible gender differences.


The statistics of transmission through random 1D media are generally presumed to be universal and to depend only upon a single dimensionless parameter-the ratio of the sample length and the mean free path, s=L/l. Here, we show in numerical simulations and optical measurements of random binary systems, and most prominently in systems for which s is less than unity, that the statistics of the logarithm of transmission, ln T, are universal for transmission near the upper cutoff of unity and depend distinctively upon the reflectivity of the layer interfaces and their number near a lower cutoff. The universal segment of the probability distribution function of the logarithm of transmission, P(ln T) manifests with as few as three binary layers. For a given value of s, P(ln T) evolves towards a universal distribution as the number of layers increases. Optical measurements in stacks of 5 and 20 glass coverslips exhibit statistics at low and moderate values of transmission that are close to those found in simulations for 1D layered media, while differences appear at higher transmission where the transmission time in the medium is longer and the wave explores the transverse nonuniformity of the sample.


This paper reviewed the research of exogenous bioactive peptides (eBAP) at home and abroad and the effect of exogenous bioactive peptides on the nutrition and physiological function in monogatric animals. It is particular reflection that eBAP not only enhances the absorbtion of amino acid, mineral and the metabolic of protein, but significantly stimulates appetite and the secreting of endogenous hormone (especial the releasing of insulin) and improves immune function etc. So it is a natural harmless feed additive. At present, the eBAP is still at the period of basic research. It can't be mass production for animal, but as the amino acid sequence of eBAP is determined, it must provide wide market prospect for feed additive.


During the course of a series of experiments on the cats' cerebral cortex it was noted that craniotomy and exposure of the pia mater by incising the dura mater resulted in histologically demonstrable fibre degeneration in the underlying cortex. There had been no interference with the pia mater or the cortex. As experimental craniotomy is frequently performed prior to lesions being made in the cerebral cortex this observation seemed of some considerable importance. Further experiments have been carried out to verify it.


Charge transfer molecular systems that contain two fused benzene rings as the core have been studied for their contribution to the first order hyperpolarizability β. Two identical donor groups are attached through the core to two cyanide groups that act as acceptors. Calculation of β has been done using ab-initio HF and semi-empirical AM1 Hamiltonian. The effect of twist (dihedral) angle t on β and HOMO-LUMO energy gap has been analyzed using both the methods. Inverse relationship between HOMO-LUMO energy gap and β is observed from their variation with the dihedral angle only in the case of AM1. It is clear from the study that a planar geometry is not an essential condition for a large value of β. Dispersion plots show the first excitation energy values for all the molecules using AM1 and HF/6-31+G(d,p). These plots show a dip in the first excitation peak for AM1. This feature is also observed in the frequency-dependent β calculated by the same method for the equivalent single-core molecules. The first excitation energy values with AM1 calculations are comparable to HF/6-31G(d) but different from HF/6-31+G(d,p). However, the calculation of β using ab-initio Hartree-Fock method does not show the double peak feature, thus providing a clue about the robustness of the model and the influence of basis set in calculating β.


This paper focuses on the development of a dynamic model-free whole-body controller for a humanoid robot with high kinematic redundancy. The proposed controller is based on force-level operational-space control framework, which computes joint torques for the required forces of prioritized multiple tasks. While typical approaches based on this framework require to obtain an accurate robot dynamics model, which has been generally recognized as a major hurdle to overcome for implementation in real humanoid robots, the proposed controller incorporates adaptive sliding-mode and online dynamics estimation schemes; thus, it can be easily realized on a humanoid without identifying complex robot dynamic parameters. As a result, the gains of the proposed controller are adaptively adjusted to assure the control accuracy, when the humanoid robot changes its posture and undergoes uncertain disturbances. Experiments with a 23-DoFs humanoid under uncertain disturbances verify that the proposed controller can robustly perform multiple tasks with high accuracy.


Behavioural economics currently addresses the human insights that are missing from classic economic theory such as: heuristics, framing and market inefficiencies. As people are prone to economic decisionmaking errors it is imperative to pay attention and to examine cognitive, emotional and subjective factors that can influence the decision-making process. An area related to behavioural economics is that of behavioural finance which attempts to explain the set of psychological aspects and biases that affects financial decisions. The current research explores the influence context effects have on the economic decision making process in two different situations: crisis and no-crisis. A context effect is an aspect of cognitive psychology that describes the influence of environmental factors on one's perception of a stimulus and can have an important impact on our decisions. The paper finds that once the crisis has occurred, Romanians were influenced by the negative economic context, so a context effect could be observed. The financial decisions as regard to loans and deposits were also influenced by the interest rate level and earnings.


Topic: Awareness of high blood pressure among out patients Aim: To establish awareness amongst out patients about high blood pressure Objective: To conduct a survey to understand the knowledge among high blood pressure and educate them regarding complications and Background: Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood against High blood pressure is a common disease in which blood flows through arteries at higher than normal pressure. High blood pressure is one of the most crucial the most common chronic disease in developed and underdeveloped countries. It is called the silent killer which is usually diagnosed incidentally. Although it is a treatable condition but without treatment it leads to serious and life threatening complications such as heart, kidney and brain disorders.


Proinflammatory cytokines are produced in response to antigen and tissue damage and stimulate the development of local inflammatory response, which is aimed at the elimination of pathogens. When local inflammation is ineffective, these mediators are produced in large quantities in tissues and activate generalized inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to determine the levels of IL‑1β, TNF‑α in patients with abdominal tuberculosis and to assess the nature of existing correlations between cytokines. In AT patients levels of IL‑1β and TNF‑α are significantly higher than the rates in healthy individuals, indicating the presence of inflammation. This fact may serve as a marker to identify hidden AT activity.


ABSTRACT The War on Drugs (WoD) popularized aggressive law enforcement tactics and punitive sanctions aimed at low-level drug offenders. These punitive practices have affected Americans of all races; however, African-Americans, in particular, have been affected. This article examines whether racial disparities in arrest and incarceration can be explained by racial differences in drug offending. The evidence indicates that African-Americans are no more likely to use or sell drugs than whites; thus, racial differences in the extent of drug offending cannot explain these disparities. Disparities in arrest and incarceration are better explained by the combination of the policy decision to focus on low-level drug offenders, racial differences in the nature of drug offending, and the discretionary decisions of criminal justice officials, which appear to be affected by racial stereotypes of drug offenders.


Social work master's students (n = 152) and employed M.S.W.'s (N = 111) ranked the two sets of eighteen values of the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS). Comparisons with the rankings of subgroups of Rokeach's national probapility sample and the rankings of a random sample of Colorado NASW members support assumptions that (1) social work respondents are more liberal than the general American population and age and social class peers, and (2) Pittsburgh-area social work students and professionals possess a value system most similar to other social work respondents. The study's central prediction is confirmed by the finding of a higher Value Conservatism (VC) score for 1979-80 respondents than comparable 1975 respondets (P < 001). Sampling and statistical precautions are taken to preclude the influence of likely extraneous factors such as age, gender, and specifialization. A speculative interpretation of overall value system differences is offered, and policy questions of potential importance are listed.


542 Background: Suboptimal adherence to adjuvant endocrine treatment (AET) is an important clinical concern. A correlation between CYP2D6 activity and tamoxifen discontinuation has been suggested. The main aim of this study was to investigate the consistency between prescription refill data and reports from medical records on adherence to AET in early breast cancer. We also studied if there was an association between menopausal status, CYP2D6 activity, estimated risk for recurrence and adherence to AET. Methods: 1235 pre-and postmenopausal Swedish breast cancer patients operated 2006 – 2014, genotyped for CYP2D6, who initiated adjuvant tamoxifen treatment, were included in the study. Information on AET was retrospectively collected from both medical records and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Registry. Consistency was defined as dispensed doses of AET divided by AET intake documented in medical records. Adherence was calculated for patients with at least 4.5 years of follow up and was defined as Medical Possession Rate (MPR) ≥ 80 %. Subgroup analyses were performed based on menopausal status, recurrence-risk and CYP2D6 activity. Results: In 84% of the patients the consistency of AET between the sources of information was within 80-125%. Consistency < 80% was most frequent in premenopausal/high risk patients and CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizers (PM). Among 899 patients with at least 4.5 years follow up, adherence to tamoxifen was 72% according to prescription refill data, compared to 77% as reported by medical records. When including aromatase inhibitors adherence increased to 82% and 88%. Adherence did not differ by menopausal status or risk for recurrence. CYP2D6 PM had poorer adherence (54%) to tamoxifen compared to patients with the highest CYP2D6 activity (83%). Conclusions: Consistency between medical records and dispensing data on adherence was better than anticipated. Adherence to AET was good, 82% when including switch to aromatase inhibitors. Surprisingly, CYP2D6 PMs had low adherence to tamoxifen, despite a reduced risk of side effects according to previous studies. Further work is needed to clarify the impact of CYP2D6 activity on adherence to tamoxifen.


A hybrid multilayer interconnect process and high-throughput die-to-wafer bonding technology were developed and introduced into the SMAFTI (SMArt chip connection with FeedThrough Interposer) package. The fine circuit layer FeedThrough Interposer (FTI) was fabricated between memory and logic dice and offers superior power/signal integrity, allowing over a thousand 3-D inter-chip connections through ultra-fine-pitch feedthrough vias. The unique fabrication processes of the multilayer FTI include a multilayer buildup process on a silicon wafer, filling in vias on the photosensitive polyimide layer, and planarization by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), resulting in low production costs and an extremely flat surface that ensures void-free die bonding. A simultaneous metal/adhesive bonding process was also evaluated for high-throughput die-to-wafer bonding. Furthermore, the fine interconnect structure was verified to be fundamentally reliable.


In the year 1601 there appeared in Florence a musical work entitled Le Nuove Musiche (The New Music). The composer was Giulio Caccini, one of the leading members of the circle associated with the noble dilettanti who in attempting to revive the Greek drama laid the foundations of a new branch of music—opera. Le Nuove Musiche contains a collection of songs for solo voice to harp or lute accompaniment, of the kind that Caccini, who was singer to the Tuscan Court, had been singing for many years. The work—called not New Music, but The New Music—was a contribution to a current controversy in which the opposing side supported the "old" manner of musical composition, the one in which two or more melodies are woven together to form an elaborate pattern. (This manner of composition is known as polyphony, and in modern times the style has been called after one of its greatest masters, Palestrina). Consequently, Le Nuove Musiche has a long preface in which Caccini expounds the meaning of his songs, declaring, among other things, that the new style considers its principal task to be to interpret the poetry, to give rightful scope to the words by careful enunciation, and to let the tune bring out the phrasing of the poem, an aspect which, in the modernists' view, had been singularly neglected in polyphonic compositions.


Bacherol thesis focuses on conditions of Enterprise Establishment Analysis doing business on Internet. The aim of my work is to set a business plan for this kind of company. The theoretical part of the thesis is intent on the Internet Business including descriptions each part of the Business Plan. Further, in the practical part of my work I will set a Business plan of my own Internet Company with using the previous theriotical knowledge. Additionally, I will propose some possible directions of the company in the future regarding its development.


The title compound, bis(μ-phosphato-O:O')bis[(hydrogenphosphato-O)(hydroxo)gallium] tris(2-aminoethyl)-amine hydrate, was hydrothermally synthesized, in the presence of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren), from a nonaqueous mixture in which dimethyl sulfoxide was used as solvent (423K, 24h, autogeneous pressure). Its structure consists of isolated hexameric units composed of two GaO 4 and four PO 4 tetrahedra, these units being separated by the tren and water molecules.


Washed human spermatozoa produced significant amounts of lipid peroxides in the presence of cupric and ferrous ions. Depletion of the zinc content of the spermatozoa by albumin, histidine or EDTA strongly stimulated the metal catalyzed production of lipid peroxides. This indicates that zinc ions are important for the integrity of sperm membranes. Albumin is present in the follicular fluid and it is suggested that zinc depletion of the spermatozoa at the site of fertilization may induce a destabilization of the membranes and thereby be part of the capitation process.


By applying the Krasnoselskii's xed point theorem on a suitable cone, several existence results for multiple positive solutions of a Fredholm integral equation are provided. Applications of these results to some nonlocal boundary-value problems are also given.


We have compared the photorefractive properties of 400 ppm Rh:BaTiO3 crystals, processed in different conditions, and earlier samples of blue Rh:BaTiO3. High coupling efficiency in the near-infrared (6.8 cm) has been achieved despite negligible absorption and vanishingly small concentrations of rhodium found in the crystals


J.Patrick Abulencia, Manhattan College James Patrick Abulencia is an assistant professor at Manhattan College. He received his B.S. degree in chemical engineering from Manhattan College, and his Ph.D. in chemical and biomolecular engineering from Johns Hopkins University. In addition to studies in engineering education, Dr. Abulencia's research interests include water purification using natural materials, and alternative energy solutions. He is an active member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), and Tau Beta Pi.


It is not easy to name racism in a context in which race is almost entirely denied. Despite a recent focus on the 'silencing' of race at a macro level, little has been done to explore the effects of living with these processes, including how they might be resisted. Drawing from a study with 20–30 year olds in Manchester, this article addresses this gap. It examines how respondents disavow racism they experience when to do so is counter-intuitively understood to be associated with being racist or intolerant. These narratives demand that we ask the question, why is racism denied? Or, why is it difficult to articulate? To do this, the article argues we must access narratives in ways that reveal the embeddedness of race and contradictory levels of experience and bring attention back to the meanings and effects of race in everyday life in order to challenge racism and white privilege.


The geometric structures of PtNN0,± clusters are optimized by the B3LYP/LANL2DZ method of density function theory, the ground state structures are obtained, and the electronic structure are studied. The results show: the N atoms gain the charge when the clusters are formed, but some Pt atoms gain the charge and other Pt atoms lose the charge. N atom and Pt atom have internal heterozygous, and the spd hybridized between Pt atoms and N atoms are increasing with cluster s' sizes.


Democratic theorists have proposed a number of competing justifications for democratic order, but no theory has achieved a consensus. While expecting consensus may be unrealistic, I nonetheless contend that we can make progress in justifying democratic order by applying competing democratic theories to different stages of the democratic process. In particular, I argue that the selection of political officials should be governed in accord with aggregative democracy. This process should prize widespread participation, political equality, and proper preference aggregation. I then argue that the selection of public policies by political officials should be governed in accord with deliberative democracy. This process should prize high quality deliberation and political equality. A process democracy is a democracy that joins an aggregative process for selecting officials with a deliberative process for selecting policies. Democracy is justified and legitimate when it is structured in this way.


Bacteria live in complex multispecies communities. Intimately interacting bacterial cells are ubiquitous on biological and mineral surfaces in all habitats. Molecular and cellular biologists have unraveled some key mechanisms that modulate bacterial interactions, but the ecology and evolution of these associations remain poorly understood. One debate has focused on the relative importance of cooperation among cells in bacterial communities. Some researchers suggest that communication and cooperation, both within and among bacterial species, have produced emergent properties that give such groups a selective advantage. Evolutionary biologists have countered that the appearance of group-level traits should be viewed with caution, as natural selection almost invariably favors selfishness. A recent theory by Morris, Lenski, and Zinser, called the Black Queen Hypothesis, gives a new perspective on this debate (J. J. Morris, R. E. Lenski, and E. R. Zinser, mBio 3(2):e00036-12, 2012). These authors present a model that reshapes a decades-old idea: cooperation among species can be automatic and based upon purely selfish traits. Moreover, this hypothesis stands in contrast to the Red Queen Hypothesis, which states that species are in constant evolutionary conflict. Two assumptions serve as the core of the Black Queen model. First, bacterial functions are often leaky, such that cells unavoidably produce resources that benefit others. Second, the receivers of such by-products will tend to delete their own costly pathways for those products, thus building dependency into the interactions. Although not explicitly required in their model, an emergent prediction is that the initiation of such dependency can favor the spread of more obligate coevolved partnerships. This new paradigm suggests that bacteria might often form interdependent cooperative interactions in communities and moreover that bacterial cooperation should leave a clear genomic signature via complementary loss of shared diffusible functions. Evolutionary adaptation is a special and onerous concept that should not be used unnecessarily, and an effect should not be called a function unless it is clearly produced by design and not by chance. -George C. Williams (7) Much of our understanding of bacteria is from studies of pure cultures. In some cases, single strains of single species have come to represent what scientists know about diverse bacterial lineages. Yet in nature, bacteria almost always exist in complex communities of other species that can be predators or prey, as well as competitors, commensals, mutualists, or pathogens. Despite our appreciation of the ubiquity and importance of bacterial communities, little is known about the cell-cell interactions that form these multispecies consortia. Molecular and cellular biologists have unraveled some of the key mechanisms that modulate bacterial interactions, but there is little understanding of the relative importance of cooperation and conflict in these associations. It is critical to understand the potential for cooperation among bacteria if we are to successfully manage multispecies infections (whether harmful or beneficial to the host) or if we are to engineer bacterial consortia to perform valuable biological tasks. It is also important to discern how and when natural selection can shape cooperation among bacteria. Toward these ends, the opinion piece by Morris, Lenski, and Zinser (1) offers a new perspective on the ecology and evolution of bacterial cooperation. They present a model that reshapes a decades-old idea: that cooperation among individuals can be automatic and based on little more than the production of by-products (e.g., see references 2 and 3). Beyond this core, the model has clear and testable predictions germane to bacterial genomic evolution, the design of novel in vitro methods, and the assembly and stability of bacterial communities. To appreciate the utility of this new model, it is important to introduce a recent controversy over bacterial cooperation. One school of thought is that cooperation among bacteria has produced emergent properties in bacterial communities. Research on two systems, bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing, offers good examples. Biofilms are clonal or multispecies groups of cells defined by their secreted polymers, which help to glue cells together (4). Biofilm communities exhibit several properties that are hypothesized to require molecular communication and cooperation among participating bacteria, including differentiation among cells to produce highly resilient biofilm structures, species stratification to optimize productivity, and the formation of channels to maximize nutrient and oxygen flow (5). In a similar vein, emergent group properties have been highlighted in studies of bacterial quorum sensing, a process in which bacteria secrete and detect diffusible molecular signals to express traits in a contextdependent fashion, usually among members of the same species (4). Detection of released signals in cell groups is thought to allow bacteria to perform functions that would be beneficial only in large populations of cells. Classic examples include the group release of plant-cell-degrading compounds by bacterial phytopathogens and group secretion of virulence compounds in animal pathogens. The idea is that quorum sensing allows the pathogenic traits to be expressed only when the bacterial population numbers are high enough to overwhelm host defenses (4). Thus, both in Published 24 April 2012 Citation Sachs JL, Hollowell AC. 2012. The origins of cooperative bacterial communities. mBio 3(3):e00099-12. doi:10.1128/mBio.00099-12. Copyright © 2012 Sachs and Hollowell. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Address correspondence to J. L. Sachs, email@example.com. COMMENTARY May/June 2012 Volume 3 Issue 3 e00099-12 ® mbio.asm.org 1 m b.asm .rg on Jauary 9, 2013 P ubished by m b.asm .rg D ow nladed fom biofilms and in quorum sensing, the paradigm has been that evolution has shaped cooperation to maximize the greater good of the group. Yet evolutionary biologists have called ideas of bacterial cooperation into question. The central evolutionary argument is that the relentless action of natural selection favors selfish behavior (6) and that group-level adaptations should be analyzed with care and invoked only when necessary (7). For instance, individual-based models of bacterial movement and attachment can lead to biofilm-like structures in computer simulations, inconsistent with the hypothesis that cell-cell communication is needed to create them (8). Moreover, quorum-sensing traits have also been modeled on the simple terms of individual cell action. Under the "diffusion-sensing" model, single cells selfishly monitor levels of costly diffused products as opposed to coordinating their activities with other cells (9). A difficulty for clarifying predictions for cooperation in bacterial communities has been the lack of predictive models specific to microbe-microbe interactions. The Black Queen Hypothesis by Morris and colleagues (1) makes two basic assumptions about bacterial biology that build a foundation for cooperative community evolution. The first assumption is that some bacterial functions are often leaky. Specifically, bacteria unavoidably produce publicly usable resources, which become available to their local community. This assumption closely mirrors classic models of "by-product mutualism" (2, 3), in which one individual produces a by-product as an automatic effect of its biology and thus enhances the fitness of other individuals that can use that product. By-product mutualism might not seem like a typical form of cooperation, since the "cooperative" phenotype carries no cost and because the trait need not evolve in the context of the interaction. Yet by-products fit well into a broad definition of cooperation: a trait in one individual that increases another's fitness (10). The second assumption of the model is that a bacterium that uses another's by-products will benefit from deleting its own costly pathways for those products. Adaptive genome streamlining is known to be common in parasites and symbionts, both of which can benefit from deleting costly functions that are provided by their hosts. When gene loss of vital functions occurs, this builds dependency into the interactions (11). Importantly, these assumptions and the model as a whole can be applied to cooperation within or among bacterial species. Nonetheless, by-product mutualisms based upon resources most often occur among species, since they tend to exhibit divergent resource usage. Morris and colleagues support their assumptions with a diversity of sources. For instance, many empirical studies have shown that bacteria produce by-products that are useful to other cells. Examples of leaky systems include catalase-peroxidase activity (enzymes that break down toxic hydrogen peroxide), production of iron chelators (which make iron soluble for metabolism), and the reduction of sulfur (which is often growth limiting). Such leakiness might be unavoidable because of the nature of diffusion gradients and the need for bacteria to maintain membrane permeability. Morris and colleagues also highlight potential links between by-product utilization and adaptive gene loss. Some very elegant evidence comes from recent studies of the marine bacterium Prochlorococcus. This species is fascinating because it cannot grow in its own natural habitat (sunlit seawater) as a pure culture (12). Prochlorococcus becomes poisoned under these conditions by hydrogen peroxide (which is generated by photooxidation). However, poisoning fails to occur in natural habitats because Prochlo


Radar echoes from aurora have been recorded simultaneously at frequencies of 56 and 106.5 Mc/sec. The ratio of the echo amplitudes at the two frequencies varies between wide limits. An attempt is made to reconcile the experimental evidence with (i) partial reflections from the surfaces of large ionized regions in the aurora, (ii) scattering from inhomogeneities in the auroral ionization, and (iii) critical reflections from small volumes of intense ionization. It is concluded that (iii) is responsible for the typical auroral echoes which are observed at Saskatoon, although (ii) may be responsible for echoes of small amplitude which are often observed in the early stages of an auroral display. If these conclusions are correct, the occasional existence is indicated of electron densities of 108 per cm3 in small volumes of the aurora.


This article aims to point out the changes occured in the life story of the resettled Irape Hydroelectric Power Plant in Jequitinhonha Vale, Minas Gerais. The study was conducted in the Community Reminiscent of Porto Coris Quilombo in Leme do Prado - MG. For this, we used as the main method the case-study, with information collected from written documents, interviews, participant observation and participation in meetings of neighborhood associations that form the resettlement. Through this study, confirmed that the life trajectory of these resettled populations at Irape is marked by the inevitability that a forced resettlement process has. Vale do Jequitinhonha. trajectory, resettlement.


【Aim】The objective of this study is to clone an odorant receptor gene from the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella, characterize its expression profiles in different tissues and investigate its function. Our study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanisms of host plant recognition of the diamondback moth. 【Methods】The full-length c DNA sequence of Pxyl OR9 gene was obtained and cloned based on the transcriptome analysis of adult P. xylostella antennae. The relative expression levels of this gene in different tissues of both adult males and females were detected using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiological recording was used to test the response of Xenopus oocytes injected with Pxyl OR9 to 59 plant volatiles in vitro. 【Results】Based on transcriptome sequencing and analysis in the preliminary study,several sequences of odorant receptors were predicted in P. xylostella. The full length c DNA of one of these genes,Pxyl OR9( Gen Bank accession number: KP757898),was cloned in this study. Sequence analysis revealed that Pxyl OR9 has six transmembrane domains with an intracellular N-terminus,which is the typical structure of insect odorant receptors. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Pxyl OR9 is obviously different from sex pheromone receptors of several lepidopteran insects,but cluster together with their other general odorant receptors.The semi-quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the expression level of Pxyl OR9 was much higher in the antennae of both males and females than in other tissues. Voltage clamp electrophysiological recording indicated that Pxyl OR9 could only respond to the stimulation with β-ionone among the tested plant volatiles.【Conclusion】Pxyl OR9 of P. xylostella belongs to the general odorant receptor with a typical characteristic.Pxyl OR9 is highly expressed in adult antennae of P. xylostella. Pxyl OR9 can be activated by plant volatile β-ionone,implying that Pxyl OR9 may be involved in the recognition of P. xylostella to plants.


The electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and ellipsometry have been used to study directly the movement of ions and solvent into/out of electroactive polymer films. The systems studied were polyvinylferrocene (PVF), polybithiophene (PBT) and polythionine (PTh). The overall mass changes accompanying oxidation/reduction indicate that film sources of counter-ions (required to maintain electroneutrality) can be significant. The extent of participation of these species depends on the nature and concentration of the bathing electrolyte solution. In the case of PVF, optical data also indicate a structural change: reduced PVF appears to be a homogeneous compact film, whilst oxidised PVF+ is a more diffuse, inhomogeneous film, whose polymer content decreases with distance from the electrode. Voltammetric experiments at rapid (and in some cases even moderate) scan rates show that transport of mobile species can be quite slow. It was generally observed that ingress into the polymer was slower than egress of the same species from the polymer. Charged species, notably proton in hydrated systems, move faster than neutral species, such as solvent, due to the influence of the field.


Many types of robotic vehicles are increasingly utilized in both civilian and military maritime missions. Some amount of human supervision is typically present in such operations, thereby ensuring appropriate accountability in case of mission accidents or errors. However, there is growing interest in augmenting the degree of independence of such vehicles, up to and including full autonomy. A primary challenge in the face of reduced operator oversight is to maintain full human responsibility for ethical robot behavior.


An intensive survey conducted in different parts of sunflower growing areas of Tamilnadu showed a maximum incidence of 72 percent disease index (PDI) in Narnapuram of Tirunelveli district. Therefore, in the present study, the influence factors such as, effects of virulence, methods of inoculation, age and susceptibility of the plants on the disease incidence was evaluated. Virulence of different isolates collected from different parts of Tamilnadu during the survey was confirmed by artificial inoculation. Narnapuram isolate I3 was found to be the most virulent with 70.22% disease incidences. Best results were obtained in the expression of typical symptom with spore injection method (74.22 PDI) as compared to the pinpricking coupled with spore spray method (46.67 PDI). In the case of age and susceptibility of sunflower plants, 70 day old plants were highly susceptible which showed a significantly high PDI (72.22%), while a minimum PDI (13.00%) was recorded in 20 day old plants


Much as we'd like to point out that we were merely trying to give the General a little time to become specific, we'll have to admit that Doc caught us with our civics down. On the matter of a commemorative stamp for AWWA's 75th Jubilee in 1956, however, we have a better answer: At its January meeting the Board of Directors approved the idea of coaxing a commemorative and assigned the task to fanatical philatelist Filby (hereinafter Philby) and his Committee A 2. A on Public Relations, to whom more power. Ed.


A new formula based on the two-dimensional harmonic lattice model is proposed to account for the Monte Carlo internal-energy data of the two-dimensional classical one-component plasma fluid near the crystallization point. Good agreement is obtained for $50\ensuremath{\lesssim}\ensuremath{\Gamma}\ensuremath{\lesssim}120$, where $\ensuremath{\Gamma}\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{{e}^{2}{(\ensuremath{\pi}n)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{k}_{B}T}$ is the ratio of the mean Coulomb energy to the kinetic energy of the plasma fluid.


The leisure sports is one kind comprehensive,the complex social phenomenon.With the dialectical development concept,from the development of the human race,the society,the economy and so on different angle,has given the objective analysis and the elaboration to the leisure sports development's inevitability,can provides some references take the time as our country leisure sports research and the development.


Chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is a valvular disorder caused by left ventricular dysfunction due to chronic coronary artery disease. It represents a valvular consequence of left ventricular contractile dysfunction and/or pathologic remodeling that indirectly impairs appropriate closing of the mitral valve. IMR is not caused by a structural change of the mitral valve. Acute postinfarction mitral regurgitation is also differentiated from chronic IMR. Chronic IMR occurs in the chronic stage of myocardial infarction in 20–50 % of the patients; its prevalence in the population is increasing. In patients after myocardial infarction, impaired contractility and mitral regurgitation are the most important negative prognostic factors. Furthermore, regurgitation that would be considered mild in patients with organic mitral valve disease already has a negative prognostic implication in patients with IMR. Echocardiogram is the fundamental tool for diagnostic evaluation and treatment planning in patients with IMR. The key parameters that have to be assessed include left ventricular contractile dysfunction, degree of left ventricular remodeling, pathologic changes in mitral valve geometry and quantification of regurgitation severity. In some patients, significant IMR can only be identified by stress echocardiography. Although IMR has an important negative impact on prognosis, indications for treatment and best treatment options have still not been well defined. According to the European and American guidelines, significant IMR should be treated, particularly in patients who are candidates for surgical coronary artery revascularisation. However, there is still no conclusive evidence that any surgical or percutaneous treatment of IMR improves patients' prognosis.


Cosmetics and pharmaceuticals each have their own special packaging requirements, although the primary purpose of packaging for both is to provide a means to store and distribute the product until the entire contents of the package are used. Cosmetic packaging is used to enhance the image of the product, and though pharmaceutical packaging has the same basic objectives, product stability and safe packaging requirements dictate different parameters regarding tampering prevention and child safety requirements of the FDA and the Consumer Product Safety Commission.

The FDA Rule requires the use of tamper-evident packaging on all over-the-counter drugs and some cosmetics. However, if a product in an adulterated form could harm a consumer, manufacturers have the responsibility of protecting the product and consumer against tampering, meaning that tamper-evident packaging transcends FDA regulations. No single feature is best for all products and all features can be violated in some manner, but effective tamper-evident features provide greater difficulty in doing so. Consumers should be aware of what to look for in tamper-evident packaging and pay attention to what product is being used.

Keywords:

packaging;
cosmetics;
pharmaceuticals;
child resistant;
FDA;
product tampering;
customer preferences;
package forms;
tamper evidence


Provided is a detector for an electric energy metering apparatus, relating to the detector that detects the security of the metering apparatus as well as the correctness of the wiring, particularly to an instrument for correctness detection in the power off state. The utility model relates to the field of electrical measurement technology. The detector comprises a housing, a display screen, a button, a power supply, a near electrical alarm, and a control circuit board, wherein the upper portion of the front side of the housing is provided with the display screen; the lower portion of the display screen is provided with the button; the near electrical alarm is installed inside the housing; the input terminal of the near electrical alarm is connected with the power supply; the housing is internally provided with the control circuit board; the control circuit board is provided with a signal generation circuit, an angular difference special test chip, a DC impedance testing circuit, and a one-chip microcomputer; the input terminal of the signal generation circuit is connected with the power supply; the signal generation circuit is powered by a battery; the output terminal of the signal generation circuit is connected with the input terminal of the angular difference special test chip; the output terminal of the angular difference special test chip is connected with the input terminal of the one-chip microcomputer; and the output terminal of the one-chip microcomputer is connected with the display screen.


The Chinese theatrical arts association("Chinese art") was a famous theatrical troupe during Anti-Japanese War Period. It had been active in Chongqing,Chengdu,Wuhan and Shanghai,and made an outstanding contribution for the Anti-Japanese War Drama. Achievements of the Chinese art were not divided with the play spirit. After six years of performances,the Chinese art gradually formed his theatrical ideal and pursuit,mainly for Tireless and enterprising revolutionary spirit,academic spirit focusing on the pursuit of art,poor dry,hard work hard spirit,serious work style,which were main features in play spirit of the Chinese art. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,the play activities experienced large deflection,even away from the play spirit during the wartime,and the troupe was in a split state,with member spirit exceeding slack. Finally,it led to the dissolution of the troupe. The dissolution of the troupe was the inevitable result of the play spirit lost.


The design of a reactor, PWAR-6, intended to be the heat source for a nuclear airplane, is described in detail. The bases for making design choices are given, and, where possible, test results substantiating these choices are shown. Some discussion of operational problems is presented. The reactor is based on the ART circulatingfuel reflector-moderated concept. The ART design was modified for the higher power and the dynamic loads encountered in the aircraft application. The reflector cooling heat-exchanger was located externally to the reactor. Structural details differ because of the higher power and associnted higher pressure drops. Spun or forged shells were substituted for flat plates in the upper part of the reactor. The core entrance and core shape differ because hydraulic tests indicated that the ART core entrance did not produce satisfactory fuel flow with one pump inoperative. (M.C.G.)


Digital signal processing is currently the most widespread form of signal processing. The quality of the processed signal depends on the most accurate input data in the form of samples created by AD converters. This article describes the design and use of the External interleaved mode, which can ensure the best possible sampling of input signals and thus increase the accuracy of signal processing several times. The article also compares several options for sensing signals using multiple ADCs and evaluates the quality of the sensed signal. After designing the External interleaved mode, the final device is shown, which includes the functions of measuring true RMS, powers and displaying the frequency spectrum.