Balinese scripts — such as semi-colons, colons, quotation marks, question marks, etc. In the case of poems, however, the editors usually show great reluctance to use punctuation, except — grudgingly — for the comma (or single stroke) and full stop (or double stroke) at the end of each line and of each stanza, which is in accordance with the practice in the manuscripts. Without giving any explanation for the departure from this common practice, Drewes introduces quotation marks, question marks, exclamation marks etc., into the body of the text. Since the tengahan metre, in which the Kidung Angling Darma is written, has long prose-like forms in each stanza, the use of internal punctuation in this edition greatly facilitates the reader's attempt to comprehend the text. The introduction of such symbols which have no equivalent in the Javanese manuscripts is no more a violation of the text than the introduction of capital letters, a symbol to indicate sandhi, and, of course, word-division — all are non-existent in the manuscripts and therefore represent acts of interpretation, but are necessary for clarity of presentation and ease of comprehension. Nor would the introduction of punctuation offend against "the poem's nature as such, by giving it the aspect of mere prose" — as Robson argues in the Wangbang Wideya (p.45) — because the nature of a poem is not merely decided by its outward form — otherwise many works of T.S. Elliot, W.H. Auden, and other poets would not qualify as poems. Admittedly, at the present stage of our knowledge of Old Javanese, the editor's task in determining the position of the punctuation marks is not an easy one, and one can easily see the inconsistencies in the present publication — as for instance the retention or the omission of commas and full stops at the end of the stanzas — but in places where there are no ambiguities, that is, in direct speeches, Drewes consistently and successfully uses the approprite punctuation marks. The English translation of the Dutch translation of the Javanese text is competently done by Dr. Robson. We do not have Drewes' Dutch translation in front of us to compare it with the English translation, but I suspect that Robson would often, if not continually, consult the Javanese text in order to give us such an accurate translation. In view of the fact that one of the main aims of the Bibliotheca Indonesia is "providing a series of critical editions, with English translation [italics mine] and commentary... to make them available to an international public", I wonder whether the translator's efforts should not be properly recognized by putting his name alongside, or directly under, the author's — and not by hiding it in the Preface. After all, if one wishes to be wholly correct, the title of the present publication should read something like: The Romance of King Angling Darma, by anonymous Javanese author(s), edited by G.W.J. Drewes, translated (into English) by S.O. Robson.


Corals live in a symbiotic relationship with various bacteria that are fundamental to host fitness, health, and survival. Though the diversity of symbiotic bacteria has been revealed in the early life stages of some corals, the dynamic bacterial community profiles of one coral are still poorly characterized, particularly the stage-specific bacteria. In this study, the bacterial communities in the patent, eggs, and 4-day-old planula larvae of a hermaphrodite coral Dipsastraea favus were investigated by high-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene. As a result, dynamic profiles of bacterial community in the parent, eggs and larvae of D. favus were suggested. The bacterial diversity in the planula larvae was a bit higher than that in the D. favus parent, and distinct stage-specific symbiotic bacteria were detected, e.g., Oceanospirillaceae, Kordia, and Legionellaceae in D. favus larvae, and Kiloniellales and Prosthecochloris in adult D. favus. The dynamic change of bacterial community in coral adults and larvae may expand our understanding of the complex relationship between coral host and its symbiotic microbiota.


The paper puts forward some questions to the application of the formula: D=P/d, where D, P and d represent depth, pressure and specific density, respectively. This formula stems from a fluid mechanical principle, the Pascal's principle, describing the relationship between pressure and depth in static fluid. This formula is applied to fluid material only. If the material is a solid, and it may undergo shear or differential stress, then this formula can not be applied. All rocks existing from the Earth surface down to the boundary between the mantle and the core show solid character. When a foece is acted on a solid unit, no matter the force is tectonic or gravity, there always exist two stress parts in the solid stress field: the uniform stress and the differential stress.However, in the case of liquid material, the stress is uniform, but not differential. The results of geo-stress measurements show that the horizontal stress acted on the vertical section should be greater than the vertical stress acted on the horizontal section; and that the nearer the distance to the orogen belt or shear zone, the greater the horizontal stress is, thus indicating the leading role of tectonic force in the crust stress field. In fact, the force pushing the plate movement is mainly the horizontal stress, but not vertical stress. The total static pressure at a position in crust is composed of at least two parts: the pressure induced by the tectonic activities and the pressure induced by the gravity. The former pressure is the additional tectonically-induced static pressure. The reasonable method to calculate the depth should be the subtraction of the additional tectonically-induced pressure from the total pressure, and then divided by the rock specific density, i.e. D = (P-Pt)/d, where Pt represents the additional tectonically-induced static pressure.


In the selection of an economical treatment for rehabilitation of a deteriorated pavement section, decision makers usually encounter various situations. Factors affecting selection of a flexible pavement maintenance strategy may include distress conditions, traffic volume, and road class, among others. Traditionally engineers make their selection on the basis of their experience and judgment and past maintenance data. Experts' judgments are usually compromised in a group discussion to construct decision trees or decision matrices or even to develop knowledge-based expert systems. An artificial neural network is known to be an efficient technique for selection of an appropriate maintenance strategy. A genetic adaptive neural network training algorithm with a single hidden layer and sigmoid squashing function constitutes the network. The input vector represents the factors affecting maintenance strategy selection, and the output vector represents the appropriate maintenance strategy. A set of examples is derived from experts' judgments with a total of 144 cases randomly divided into "in-sample" and "out-of-sample" data for training and testing purposes, respectively. The trained network successfully predicted 83 percent of the test cases. The remaining 17 percent of cases were one or two levels away from the expert judgments used in network testing. Neural networks provide an efficient and optimum solution for such complex problems with the added advantage of faster implementation and easier updating than with other traditional techniques.


More than a century pasted since the approach of numerical weather prediction was firstly proposed by V.Bjerknes(1904).A lot of dramatic progresses have been made to increase the skills of numerical weather prediction.However, it seems to be more and more difficult to improve the accuracy of the single deterministic forecast due to the intrinsic uncertainties(originated from both initial conditions and model approximations) and the chaotic atmosphere.Based on the initial condition uncertainties,a pioneering work has been made by Lorenz (1965) to orientate the numerical weather forecasts—ensemble forecast.This paper sums up the basic concepts,outstanding issues and recent development of ensemble technique,which includes(1) what's the ensemble weather prediction(2) the recent development of ensemble prediction concerning the generation methods of initial perturbation and model perturbation.(3) How to validate ensemble prediction and interpret and evaluate its products.


The Soldi collection and the history of Peruvian archaeology: This brief report shares ongoing research into two textile objects that form part of a Peruvian private collection. The collection was formed in the early 20 th century by Carlos and Ana Maria Soldi, part of an extended family resident in the Ocucaje basin in the lower Ica valley (Fig. The Hacienda Ocucaje was famed throughout the 20 th century for its signature wines made from grapes grown on its own lands, which were established in the early decades by expanding and modernizing the basin's irrigation system, of prehispanic origin. Both work on the irrigation infrastructure and other construction along the valley margins turned up ancient ceramics of great beauty, and the Soldi homesteads were near a chapel built on a rocky outcrop adjacent to ancient walls, where burials in the dry soil also preserved finely decorated textiles. The Truel, Rubini and Soldi families became collectors, fascinated with the beauty and preservation of this evidence of the region's history.


1 Senior Consultant, Department of Surgical Oncology, Bhagawan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital & Research Center, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA 2 Consultant, Department of Surgical Oncology, Bhagawan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital & Research Center, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA 3 Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur *Corresponding Author Dr Shikha Tiwari Consultant, Department of Surgical Oncology, Bhagawan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital & Research Center, Jaipur, Rajasthan, INDIA Abstract Breast cancer is a major public health problem for women throughout the world. Surgery is the main stay of treatment for breast cancer. Seroma formation is seen in all cases post surgery. We conducted a Prospective randomized study of 120 breast carcinoma patients, to compare whether the axillary dissection techniques like electrocautery, cold knife & suture ligation and scissor technique has any impact on seroma formation. The study shows that mean seroma volume with respect to different techniques had significant statistical difference on day five & ten. The mean days of drain removal were 8.65 days for cautery group, 8.10 days for ligation group and 9.2 days for scissor group. There was increase in seroma volume seen with advanced stage (p =0.022). Seroma volume was slightly less in post chemotherapy cases. There was no significant difference observed in seroma volume with respect to nodal status. Seroma volume increased with increase in age.


Elder abuse and neglect (EAN) includes psychological, physical, sexual abuse, neglect, and financial exploitation. Malaysia – projected to become an aged nation by 2030 – is not spared. PEACE focuses on protecting elder rights, empowering the community to be actively engaged in elderly issues, and refining the Malaysian law to address existing gaps.

 Our cohort study revealed that the overall lifetime prevalence of EAN (abuse episodes ever experienced from the age 60) was 8.1% with 4.8%, 3.4%, 1.2%, 0.3% and 1.1% for financial abuse, psychological abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse and neglect respectively. Perpetrators tend to be family members (adult children) and abuse usually occurs at home. Premature mortality are shown higher among victims. From the legal perspective, the only existing act addressing family violence is the Domestic Violence Act (DVA 1994) and Penal Code. The DVA is neither adequate nor specific to EAN and dynamics of elder abuse. Our findings were presented to the relevant stakeholders including the Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia. Using four main approaches - making findings understandable to policymakers, increasing opportunities for interaction, addressing barriers and ensuring research is relevant allows better communication between researchers and policy makers and ensuring evidence are translated to policy. PEACE are working on drafting the new Elder Act which will be ready by 2021.

 The PEACE program is an example of how a complex health problem should be addressed. Better communication strategies and multiple interactions between policy makers and PEACE researchers is key to our impactful research.

 Dissemination approaches should be timely and consistent with culture to translate research evidence to policy.
 Protecting the well-being and dignity of our elders is not only a question of conscience or morality, but also a matter of upholding human rights and justice.


A fundamental problem in control systems theory is that stability is not always guaranteed for a closed-loop system even if the plant is open-loop stable. With the only knowledge of the input-to-state (practical) stability (ISpS) of the plant, in this note, a bounded integral controller (BIC) is proposed which generates a bounded control output independently from the plant parameters and states and guarantees closed-loop system stability in the sense of boundedness. When a given bound is required for the control output, an analytic selection of the BIC parameters is proposed and its performance is investigated using Lyapunov methods, extending the result for locally ISpS plant systems. Additionally, it is shown that the BIC can replace the traditional integral controller (IC) and guarantee asymptotic stability of the desired equilibrium point under certain conditions, with a guaranteed bound for the solution of the closed-loop system. Simulation results of a DC/DC buck-boost power converter system are provided to compare the BIC with the IC operation.


The invention relates to a thermal oxidation-biological double degradation plastic film and a preparation method thereof. The plastic film comprises a transition metal carboxylate thermal oxidation degradation accelerant and a clay bioactivator, so that the plastic film can accumulate heat in the composting process and can be completely degraded under the action of microorganisms after being discarded. The plastic film is prepared by two steps of pelleting and film blowing. The plastic film is prepared by the following steps: mixing transition metal carboxylate, bioactivator, polyethylene micropowder and oxidized polyethylene wax uniformly according to the ratio; melting, extruding and pelleting; mixing the particles and polyolefin uniformly according to the ratio; and performing blow molding to obtain the thermal oxidation-biological double degradation plastic film. The method has a simple process; the raw materials are cheap and readily available; and production can be performed by the universal plastic film production equipment. The plastic film has excellent mechanical property, can meet the using requirements of daily life and the agricultural field, can be spontaneously degraded in the composting environment, does not need additional energy, is not limited by conditions such as illumination, and is a practical, environment-friendly and degradable plastic film.


LIDAR-based estimation of leaf area index on Holm oak [Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.] trees The aim of this paper was to estimate Leaf Area Index (LAI) of Quercus ilex by calculating the laser-intercepted rate through the forest canopy using LiDAR data. LAI was measured in 40 trees with a hemispheric camera (NIKON Coolpix 4500) and coincided with the acquisition of LIDAR data. The LiDAR-derived LAILIDAR was then estimated by applying a value of the inverse of the coefficient of extinction of 1 /K = 1.48. The in-field LAI values varied between 1.01 m 2 m ‐2 and 1.61 m 2 m ‐2 . From a comparison of the LiDAR-derived to the field-derived LAI, the coefficients of the determination for the coefficient of extinction of 1.48 was R 2 = 0.60 (RMSE = 0.16) for quadratic and R 2 = 0.62 (RMSE = 0.21) for potential correlations. The change in accuracy was attributed to the density of leaves, the interference by stems, and the vertical number of branches in the forest stands. The LIDAR sensor technique gives a satisfactory result in the obtainment of leaf parameters in Holm oak trees, although its generalisation on field studies depends on its cost and suitability to be applied over large surfaces.


Objective To observe the effect of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods A total of 78 THA were performed in 45 patients with AS, and 38 patients (55 hips) were followed retrospectively with an average follow-up period of 4.5 years (ranged from 2 to 7 years). The clinical results were evaluated by the Harris hip scoring system and radiographic analysis between January 2003 and January 2008. Results The function of all the hip joints was improved, and the postoperative Harris Score were 83.4±4.6 versus the preoperative Harris Score of 16.3±1.7. The serious flexion deformity of the involved hips was disappeared. The average range of motion of hip joint was (191.2±10.3)°. The pain of the hips released mostly and pain of lower waists and knees was released obviously. Patients got their gait right and could take care of themselves approximately. Conclusion THA is an effective method in treating patients of ankylosing spondylitis with stiff hips.


One of the difficulties in the study of the verbal system of a language that is comparatively little known can be finding the appropriate past participles to go with present stems or the reverse. This difficulty faces those working with Khotanese. H. W. Bailey has only recently assigned ārsta- to ārīh- 'to share' and pärsta- to prïh- 'to conceal'. Some further suggestions I make here for the first time.


Linezolid is an antimicrobial drug which has good activity against clinically important gram-positive methicillin and vancomycin resistant microorganisms. However, linezolid is a lifesaving medicine for resistant infections, it can be responsible for severe drug interactions. Linezolid is a nonselective, weak, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A and B. That is why it can lead to increase activity of concomitant administrated monoamine oxidase inhibitors, serotonergic and adrenergic agents. This study is a one-month retrospective chart review of inpatients at a university hospital. All charts in a 1368 bed university hospital were reviewed via electronic records. Charts, which include linezolid have evaluated by clinical pharmacists and were assessed for prevalence and severity of potential drug-drug interactions using the UpToDate drug reference database. Fifty-four patients included in this study. Total number of interactions with linezolid was 86, which was 28.2 percent of all interactions. Eight of these interactions were in X category (avoid combination), 59 were in D category (consider therapy modification) and 19 were in C category (monitor therapy). There wasn't any interaction classified as category B (no action needed). In our study, it was predicted that serotonergic toxicity and hypertension may develop in many patients due to concurrent administration of linezolid with serotonergic and/or adrenergic drugs. If the coadministration of these drugs is unavoidable, physicians should be alert to the symptoms and management of serotonergic toxicity and hypertension. The number of patients and its retrospective nature were limiting factors of our study. More comprehensive prospective studies are needed.


Bubbles play a significant role in the performance of the bubbling fluidized bed. By incorporating the CFD-DEM coupling model with heat transfer and chemical reactions, biomass gasification in the ...


Abstract : Ten different types of fuzes were leak tested. Two nondestructive methods were used; one employed commercial leak test equipment, while the other utilized internal pressurization of the fuze with the air-bubble indication. A third destructive type test, MIL STD 331, Test 108, required subsequent disassembly of the fuze and visual examination for evidence of moisture on the interior surfaces. The results of these tests indicate clearly those fuzes in which quality is poor and reveal where the problem lies. The results also show that the internal pressure-bubble indication test method is capable of detecting and locating leaks nondestructively.


The study analyzed factors influencing membership of farmer's in cooperative societies in Abia State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 80 co-operators. Data were collected with structured questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics such as: frequency counts, mean scores and percentages and inferential statistics (probit regression analysis). The result of socio-economic characteristics of showed the farmers had mean ages of 40.67 years, household size of 4.1 persons, mean farm income of N201, 000.00 with a mean farming experience 6.1years. The result revealed that 57.2% and 41.2 of the farmers belonged to farmers' multipurpose and agricultural cooperative societies. The result of probit regression estimates showed that coefficients age, farming experience, income, household size and poverty level influenced cooperative membership in the study area. Policies aimed at reducing household sizes by appropriate family planning techniques in order to reduce poverty and encouraging farmers to join cooperative societies for ease access of inputs and credit for enhanced productivity were advocated.


A combination of various energy conversion units offers a multi-carrier energy system, namely Energy Hub (EH). Optimal scheduling of EHs in the interconnected systems besides providing flexible management in input units stands as a challenging task. The uncertainties of input variables increase the complexity of this task. In this paper, an efficient EH structure is proposed and the conventional model is extended to tackle this issue in a short time operation interval. Moreover, a Metaheuristic Automatic Data Clustering (MADC) scheme used to solve the demand side uncertainty. This strategy omits the use of any additional variable needed for conventional techniques. The final solution is used to solve non differential, and high-dimension EH Economic Dispatch (EHED) problems. For best achievements an enhanced revised configuration by using a variable cost strategy for gas and electricity market simultaneously is proposed too. By comparing the effects of the EH feeding point on the objective function, a management side medium to reducing the computation burden proposed in the proceeding. The simulation results of the proposed model show an increase in EH benefit by reducing the cost. Considering mentioned issues as well as decreasing data dimensions due to reduced computing and probabilistic MADC scheduling of demands which could define the uncertainty. Besides, bypassing the need for a separate load management system, the results of this study are encouraging and warrant further analysis and research. The study is carried out in GAMS© and is connected by MATLAB© to implement the MADC.


In children, the widespread use of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines against pneumococci has led to substantial reductions in the overall incidence of pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia due to pneumococci. The currently-available vaccines target either 10 or 13 of the more than 90 different serotypes of pneumococci. The observed reductions in disease incidences result from large reductions in the incidences of infections due to those serotypes targeted by the vaccine, despite smaller increases in the incidences of infections due to non-vaccine serotypes [1]. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) induce antibodies that both protect against the infections caused by the serotypes included in the vaccines and reduce or eliminate nasopharyngeal colonization by those serotypes. Because healthy, colonized children are the main reservoir for pneumococci in the population, immunizing children with PCVs reduces the exposure of both children and adults to these serotypes. As a result, immunizing children leads to large declines among adults in the incidences of infections due to those serotypes targeted by the vaccine. However, the frequency of colonization with non-vaccine serotypes increases substantially in the healthy, immunized children who carry and may transmit these bacteria (serotype replacement). Subsequent increases in the incidences of infections due to non-vaccine serotypes may erode some of the benefit of PCV immunization programs, particularly for adults. Critical questions include:


The paper 'Towards cosmological concordance on galactic scales' was published in Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 345, 923–938 (2003). The 2dFGRS luminosity function (LF) which was provided to us was incorrectly normalized (values were too low by about ∼15 per cent). As we used this LF to constrain our models for the conditional luminosity function (CLF), the normalizations of all our models are incorrect by a similar amount. Using the properly normalized 2dFGRS LF, we have repeated the entire analysis described in the paper. This results in a number of small modifications of most figures (only Figures 2, 4 and 8 are unaffected), and of the actual confidence levels on m and σ 8 reported in the paper.


M of the scientific community give feedback to one another through various formal and informal mechanisms. In some cases, including formal peer review of research manuscripts, providing critical feedback to authors is accompanied by a responsibility to maintain high rigor and quality in scientific output, to safeguard public trust in science, and to make appropriate publication recommendations to journal editors. Difficult decisions must be made that account for a study's strengths, flaws, and limitations, and authors often face negative outcomes. Regardless of the editorial decision, however, unconstructive review comments can dishearten authors, engender an adversarial environment, and impede scientific progress. Thorough, critical evaluations of scientific work need not be distinct from constructive, sensitive, and helpful feedback. Many good reviewers already make this connection, at least implicitly. However, employing an explicit framework can ensure that we consistently aim toward more constructive reviews. Here, we describe such a framework based on a collection of basic assumptions designed to help us all deliver comments (including negative ones) constructively. We conclude with some thoughts on the value and benefits of this approach. ■ THE GIVE FRAMEWORK: ASSUMPTIONS FOR CONSTRUCTIVE FEEDBACK


One key factor for a successfull penetration of wind turbine (WT) products into the market is certification. For the development and certification purpose, a 1 MW test-rig for WT nacelles has been developed at RWTH Aachen University which offers the possibility of WT testing with emulated environmental conditions. In this paper, the performance characteristics of a doubly-fed-generator (DFG) on the developed test-rig is discussed. Firstly, the effect of filter impedance of the grid emulator on the controller performance is analyzed under normal grid conditions. Secondly, the transient characteristic of a DFG WT considering the grid emulator setup is identified. A simulation is performed to verify the analysis. Under normal grid condition, the impedance of the grid emulator does not influence the controller of the DFG WT significantly. For fault-ride-through (FRT) tests with a grid emulator, only the series inductive elements of the grid emulator's filter influence the transient characteristic of the DFG WT. The developed 1-MW test-rig fulfills the technical requirement for FRT test in terms of the grid impedance.


Objective. Characterize the global scientific production on the vaccine to combat Covid-19 in the Scopus, Web of Science, Google Academic, PubMed, Microsoft Academic and Crosreff databases between the months of January 2020 to April 2021. Material and methods. We worked with a universe made up of 3817 articles obtained. Bibliometric indicators were calcu- lated through Publish or Perish v. 7.31, VOSwiever, Pubrem- iner, Dimensions and the same analytical software from the chosen databases. Results. The results indicate a total of 30619 citations, with an average of 5103;11 and 2251 cita- tions per year, citations per article and citations per author re- spectively. On average, publications have an h-index of 26.00, a g-index of 42.00, and an e-index of 33.59. Prompetchara's study, Eakachai;Kettoy, Chutitorn;Palaga, Tanapat, (2020), the British Medical Journal - BMJ, USA is the main producer of scientific evidence on vaccines and the type of scientific production that stands out the most are original articles. Con- clusions. These results show that the production of scientific articles on the vaccine to combat Covid-19 has experienced significant growth, which shows the enormous scientific effort made worldwide to control this disease.


Improving the durability and long-term performance of asphalt concrete (AC) has become a major concern, especially with the increase in the use of recycled materials, warm mix asphalt additives and modified binders. This paper presents an evaluation of different mix design approaches to balance the mechanical properties of AC mixtures. The current volumetric-based design method was enhanced with a performance-based analysis methodology that specifies the parameters from the overlay tester, Hamburg wheel tracking device and indirect tension tests. Two typical Superpave mixes from different plants that exhibited a poor performance, especially in cracking, were selected for this evaluation. The mixtures were first designed following the current volumetric-based design process and characterized under the proposed performance-based analysis. Two alternative approaches that consider the influence of the asphalt content and the aggregate gradation were explored to improve the engineering behavior of the mixtures. From this evaluation, two mixtures that could potentially yield optimal volumetric and balanced mechanical properties were developed. The optimization of the aggregate gradation is a promising approach to formulate a mixture with a balanced stability and durability, as judged by its rutting and cracking potentials.


Info 2021 This article aims to develop a smart information desk system through a smart mirror for universities. It is a mirror with extra capabilities of displaying answers for academic inquiries such as asking about the lecturers' office numbers and hours, exams dates and times on the mirror surface. In addition, the voice recognition feature was used to answer spoken inquiries in audio responds to serve all types of users including disabled ones. Furthermore, the system showed general information such as date, weather, time and the university map. The smart mirror was connected to an outdoor camera to monitor the traffics at the university entrance gate. The system was implemented on a Raspberry Pi 4 model B connected to a two-way mirror and an infrared (IR) touch frame. The results of this study helped to overcome the problem of the information desk absence in the university. Therefore, it helped users to save their time and effort in making requests for important academic


Abstwc-The we of more tbao one amplifier to realize 811 RC-active filter h@ now economicaUy viable because of the relatively low cost of bigb-peh~~~~ance operational amplifiers. In this review articl~ moftiple- ampfifkr RC-active synthesis and desfgo &o these methods are summarized in Section III. Less direct methods of simulating LC filters are based 'on signal-flow- graph (SFG) descriptions of the LC filter in which each element is represented by an integrating transmittance; the corresponding RC-active filter employs single-op amp integrators to replace each I:C element as described in Section IV. It is stressed that there are design tech- niques, often referred to as multiple-fe?edbqek or coupled- @quadratic structures (32), (33) th*at are direct topographi- cal extensions of those described in Section IV which are omitted from this review in the interest of brevity. Multiple-amplifier second-order circuits may be used in cascade connections to implemlent high-order transfer functions. Some particularly important two- , three- , and four-amplifier second-order RC-active filters are discussed in Section V. There is a large number' of quite different multiple-amplifier second-order circuits that have been proposed and analyzed in the literature; from this exten- sive body of information, circuits have belen selected for inclusion in this review on the basis of their good sensitiv- ity performance, ease of tuning, and the extent to which they are successfully employed in industry as practical microelectronic active filter second-order sections. A tabulated comparison of multiple-amplifier second-order RC-active filters is included in Section V.


The characteristics of a high-power backward-wave oscillator (BWO) operating far from the upper cutoff, i.e., "π" mode of a corrugated waveguide, are investigated experimentally. The high spectral purity of output power of the TM 01 mode is maintained for large beam currents, because the starting currents of device have large values in this regime. It is observed that, when the beam currents are less than the starting current of the TM 01 mode, hybrid TE 11 mode is excited in the BWO. Peak output powers of 5.3 MW at 7.2 GHz in TE 11 mode and 6.8 MW at 8.5 GHz in TM 01 mode are generated. The conversion efficiencies are about 13% and 11%, respectively. These experimental results indicate a possibility of improved performance in high-power and high efficiency relativistic BWO by controlling the operation regime.


A 9 cm2 transparent DMFC was developed to visualize the bubbles flow in the anode channels. Parameter studies including flow rate,concentration,temperature of methanol solution,and the pressure difference between the anode and the cathode of the DMFC were performed to assess the effects of the bubbles flow in the anode channels on the performance of tested transparent DMFC. The results show that CO2 bubbles nucleate at the corner of the GDL and the side wall firstly and form large bubble slugs through growth and coalescence in the channel. And the pores on the across of the carbon cloth fibers are favored for the emergence of CO2 bubbles. Increasing flow rate of the methanol solution accelerates the removal velocity of the discrete CO2 bubbles which enhances mass transfer of methanol hence improves the performance of the tested DMFC. Hoisting the temperature of methanol solution may reduce the solubility of CO2 in methanol solution and enlarge the volume of CO2 bubbles in the channels whereas the performance of DMFC is improved by the enhancement of mass transfer of methanol and acceleration of the catalysis velocity due to high temperature. High methanol concentration results in high performance of DMFC while it toboggans by excessive concentration. More bubbles and bigger gas slugs appear in the channels with increasing pressure difference between the anode and the cathode,but the performance may be improved by high oxygen concentration on the catalyst surface and low methanol crossover due to high pressure on the cathode.


The water cycle algorithm (WCA), which is a metaheuristic method inspired by the movements of rivers and streams towards the sea in nature, has been adapted and applied here for the first time for solving such a challenging problem as the parameter identification of fermentation process (FP) models. Bacteria and yeast are chosen as representatives of FP models that are subjected to parameter identification due to their impact in different industrial fields. In addition, WCA is considered in comparison with the genetic algorithm (GA), which is another population-based technique that has been proved to be a promising alternative of conventional optimisation methods. The obtained results have been thoroughly analysed in order to outline the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm when solving such a complicated real-world task. A discussion and a comparative analysis of both metaheuristic algorithms reveal the impact of WCA on model identification problems and show that the newly applied WCA outperforms GA with regard to the model accuracy.


Under the environment of fuzzy factors including the return of market, performance of product, and the demanding level of market, we use the method of dynamic programming and establish the model of investment decision, in technology innovation project of enterprise, based on the dynamic programming. Analysis of the influence caused by the changes of fuzzy uncertainty factors to technological innovation project investment of enterprise.


This paper explores the adoption of emerging technologies for the purposes of national security. The three technologies chosen were ePassports, E911 and mobile alerts. The study uses a content analysis methodology drawing on popular media documentation to extract the major social and technological impacts of the technologies on citizens as they were reported. The find i ngs of the study indicate that reactions to the three technologies differed. ePassports were considered vastly different to E911 and mobile alerting predominantly because they were seen to be a controlling technology, whereas E911 and mobile alerting were viewed to be about safety and emergency response.


Abstract: In Czech and Central European archaeological literature, miniature vessels made of whitish, finegrained clay and sometimes decorated with red paint and lead glaze have long been of interest. They are considered imports, the provenance of which is assumed to be west of our borders. They are found abundantly in medieval towns, rural households, aristocratic residences, and monasteries during the 13th and 14th centuries, mostly as solitary finds. Discussions are also taking place concerning their functions. They are thought to have served as vessels for spices, ointments, fragrant essences, or mostly as children's toys, as they often appear in ceramic assemblages together with small ceramic figures. The specific group of this ceramic ware is referred to as weiße feine Irdenware in German literature, and is characterized by the high content of kaolin or kaolinitic clays in the ceramic mass, traces of wheel throwing and high firing temperatures in the oxidizing atmosphere. The aim of the paper is to analyse the vessels' technology and morphology and solve the issues of their provenance, dating, and function. The aim is also to explain the possible ways in which these vessels made their way into a range of urban, aristocratic, and rural households. Special attention in two case studies is focused on white ceramics from Pilsen and České Budějovice, which has not yet been evaluated in the literature; this includes a petrographic analysis, which indicates a different origin of these products.


Twenty elite genotypes of clusterbean (guar) were evaluated in the present study for nine traits in RBD during summer 2016 at CCSHAU Hisar. High PCV and GCV estimates were found for the characters; seed yield per plant, number of branches per plant and plant height. High heritability coupled with genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for traits like number of branches per plant and seed yield per plant, indicating additive effect in these traits. High positive and significant correlation of seed yield per plant observed with number of pods per plant followed by seed weight, number of branches per plant, number of seeds per pod and pod length. Path coefficient study revealed that very high direct positive effect on seed yield per plant was observed by 100 seed weight, number of pods per plant and pod length. Moderate direct positive effect on seed yield per plant was observed by number of seeds per pod. The number of branches per plant showed positive indirect effect on seed yield per plant via 100 seed weight and number of pods per plant.


We have investigated the IDC Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB) for the time period 1 January 2000 to 30 November 2008 to quantify the event detection capability of individual seismic stations of the International Monitoring System (IMS). For a specific target area, we can obtain estimates of the detection threshold of a given station by considering the ensemble of REB reported events in the area, and simply downscaling each event magnitude with the observed SNR at the station. However, there are some problem areas associated with this procedure such as:


BCD Adder is the fundamental adder we learn in logic design and any basic electronics lab. Conventional BCD Adder what we generally know is not feasible for higher bits as they require more area and as they have more propagation delay for higher bit extension. For higher level application BCD design we require more efficient basic BCD block. So in this paper we proposed 2 types of BCD adders namely flagged BCD adder and pipelined BCD adder which will overcome the disadvantages of previous design and in this we will analysis the performance of all these BCD adders in terms of speed, power, area using Xilinx 14.5 and we used Verilog language for coding purpose.


This research study on the utilization of alumina waste and silica waste for geopolymer production. Alumina waste was obtained from aluminium thermal metallurgy industry, silica waste was obtained from silicone recycle industry in Thailand. This present study aimed at investigating the basic physical and chemical properties of waste materials and also the optimal proportion in geopolymer production. The results revealed that alumina waste contained 48 percent of aluminium oxide, 4.18 percent of Silicon dioxide and average particle size is 36 micrometers. Silica waste contained 71.3 percent of Silicon dioxide and average particle size is 49 micrometers. The leaching tests of heavy metals also indicated that the level of all heavy metals concentration were over the standard set by the Ministry of Industry, Thailand which means both alumina and silica waste were considering as hazardous waste. In geopolymer production, the mortar was cast in 5x5x5 centimeters cubic shape for both methods with cured temperature at 60 degree celsius. Compressive strength was tested at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. The results revealed that the best SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3 ratio must be 3:1 mixed by alumina waste 46 g. and silica waste 24 g. with 10 ml of sodium hydroxide and 20 ml of sodium silicate. This proportion gain the highest compressive strength for 262.8 kg/cm 2 at 28 days of curing which over the standard for hollow load-bearing concrete masonry units (TIS57-2530) and costs 4.03 THB/mortar. The leaching tests were estimated again after the production of geopolymer. The results indicated that the concentration of all heavy metals were within the standard set by the Ministry of Industry, Thailand. Therefore the production of geopolymer mortar from alumina waste and silica waste were not considering as hazardous waste.


There is no doubt that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is one of the most effective treatments for many serious diseases. However, despite significant progress, allo-HSCT is still associated with a high rate of complications and mortality in the posttransplant period due to the toxicity of conditioning regimens, infectious and immune conditions. Acute complications such as endothelial injury, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remain the main causes of mortality after allo-HSCT. In our clinical case, we demonstrated an example of the development of such life-threatening complications as transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy and GVHD in a patient after repeated allo-HSCT, as well as the successful relief of these complications by modern therapeutic methods, including the introduction of closely related donor mesenchymal stem cells and the complement blocker eculizumab.


In this study, a new recoverable catalyst for the epoxidation of olefins was developed using a layered polysiloxane as a support for immobilizing  (salen) molybdenum(VI) complex by electrostatic interaction between the surface of the solid support and the electrically charged molybdenum complex. Characterization of the heterogeneous catalyst by Fourier transform infrared, XRD,1H NMR, and atomic absorption spectroscopes as well as thermogravimetric and CHN elemental analyses confirmed successful immobilization of the (salen) molybdenum(VI) complex to the support. The prepared catalyst catalyzed the epoxidation of olefins efficiently. The effect of different factors on the epoxidation of cyclooctene was investigated. Reaction conditions including reaction temperature, solvent type, substrate amount, catalyst amount and oxidant  amount  were systematically optimized in order to achieve the highest conversion of cyclooctene. Various other olefins showed high catalytic activity and selectivity under the optimal reaction conditions. Regenerability test demonstrated that the catalyst can be recycled for at least five times without leaching of molybdenum. Moreover, the catalyst showed good stability under the reaction conditions as determined by FT-IR and ICP-OES analyses.


Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is the prototype of hypomyelinating diseases of childhood which was firstly described as an X-linked disorder caused by mutations or rearrangements in the proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene. Causative mutations of the PLP1 gene are-in declining order of frequency-duplications, point mutations, insertions, and deletions (1). Clinical features include nystagmus (typically occurs in the first months of life and resolves within 2-5 years of age), dysarthria, ataxia, hypotonia and developmental delay evolving into spastic quadriplegia in the first years of life (2). The clinical severity and rate of progression vary widely, probably depending on the variability of the causative mutation (1). Although, it was firstly described as a X-linked disorder, patients with PMD phenotype but without mutations of PLP1 gene were shown to have an autosomal recessive (OR) trait. One of the causative mutations in these patients -called


The Visual Aesthetic Sensitivity Test (VAST; Goetz, 1985) was administered to 722 male and female children between the ages of 10 and 15 and 58 fine arts students. Also administered to the children only were Raven's Progressive Matrices and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (H.J Eysenck & S.B.G. Eysenck, 1975). VAST scores increased with age up to 14, but not beyond; sex had little influence. IQ accounted for only 10% of the VAST variance. Personality failed to correlate with VAST scores, and artistic training had no effect on VAST scores. The test scores were reasonably reliable (r = .70), but skewed to the right, with a long tail of low scores. Difficulty levels were similar to those observed in other countries and cultures.


The title reaction allows the cyclization of a variety of N-arylated α-diazo-β-keto amides to indoles in moderate to excellent yields.


Abstract The suitability of electric measuring methods making use of transducers has been tested for the smoking parameters puff duration, draw resistance, puff profile and puff volume. The procedures proved to be accurate, reproducible and technically simple and are, in our opinion, appropriate for calibrating smoking machines and for controlling the said parameters during the smoking process.


over it (Cyril of Alexandria, Nestorius and Theodoret in the Greek East, Leo the Great in Rome); and, above all, as regards ecclesiastical history, for the two Councils of Ephesus, of  and . It was only because the victory of the Monophysites, with Theodosius' support, at the latter was abruptly reversed at Chalcedon, two years later, under a new emperor, that it was subsequently omitted from the established list of ecumenical councils. So this collection of eleven stimulating papers, the first being a sweeping sixty-page essay by Christopher Kelly, which serves to introduce the main themes of the others, deserves a warm welcome, and should be read by historians of government and culture, as well as of the Church. From the specific point of view of ecclesiastical history, the most relevant papers are those by Jill Harries on the nature of imperial decision-making, as revealed in the Codex and the Novellae of Theodosius; Richard Flower on the heresiology of the Codex, set against earlier examples of the systematic listing of heresies; and Thomas Graumann on the politics of the First Council of Ephesus. This last gives a foretaste of the translation and commentary on the (extremely confusing) acts of this council which is being prepared by him and Richard Price. It cannot be emphasised too strongly what an extraordinarily rich body of material is to be found in these acts, in Greek and Latin, edited by Eduard Schwartz. The papers in this volume bring out very vividly, firstly, the sheer range of material which survives from this reign; and, secondly, the way in which literary culture, government and divisions over doctrine were so closely related (note Mary Whitby in this volume on the Greek literature of the period). By its nature this collection offers a series of starting-points for interpretation, not a comprehensive coverage of the reign. A successor volume could look for instance at East-West relations at the level of both the two governments and the Church; or at the Second Council of Ephesus, known from detailed accounts in Greek, Latin and Syriac. But the reader of this volume is already offered valuable insights into one of the crucial periods in the history of the Christian Church.


Abstract. Under the plenary power, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has conserved the family-group name Ortalidini Donegan, 2012 (Aves, Cracidae) with this spelling and authorship by suppressing all family-group names based on Ortalis Fallén, 1810 (Insecta, Diptera). As a result, Ortalidaini Donegan, 2012 is an incorrect original spelling, and Ortalisini David, 2014 is an unjustified emendation of Ortalidini Donegan, 2012.


The hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer is often charged, as far as its consequences and implications for a theory of interpretation in the narrower sense are concerned, with a relapse into the morass of an unchecked subjectivism. The author suggests in this paper that this happy compromise between the philosophical elucidation of an underlying, fundamental facticity and the secondary, methodological problem of establishing its norms cannot be upheld, and in fact is not upheld by Gadamer himself. The connection between the "discovery" of primitive art and the emergence of cubism, or, as a matter of fact, between the appreciation of the whole hermeneutic tradition and definite contemporary attempts at the "reform" of philosophy, are obvious and unnecessary to elaborate.There are other aspects of the Gadamerian theory of hermeneutics which raise questions about its universality from an opposite direction, in the light of which it appears as a modernising conception of interpretation.Keywords: cubism; Gadamerian theory; Hans-Georg Gadamer; hermeneutic tradition; hermeneutics


How to make use of palmprint to do the personal identification is the study focus of this paper. Line feature, among all the features of palmprint, is a very important one. However, considering the palmprint lines are very irregular and hardly accurate depicted with mathematics, this paper proposed an approach that these palmprint lines were approximately represented by some line segments, and put forward employing the line segment Hausdorff distance method to match two sets of line segments, and meanwhile improved this method. The experiment shows our approach can achieve very effective personal identification.


Man, by chance, discovered that a tree leaf, placed on the body "in a poor state", to heal a disease, performed its task, so herbs and plants were the first medicines of man as well as products animals and minerals. Primitive medicine was born with the creation of the world handed down with drawings in numerous caves and caverns from all peoples, from Asia to Africa to the Americas, with paleopathology it was able to trace the diseases from human fossil remains.


ABSTRACT Avian semen cryopreservation is not as successful as that seen in mammals. This failure is mostly attributed to unique physiological characteristics of poultry semen that make it susceptible to cryo‐damages. Utilization of sublethal oxidative stress for preconditioning of sperm, as an innovative approach, improves the cryo‐survival of sperm in certain mammalian species. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of preconditioning of rooster semen with sublethal oxidative stress [very low concentrations of nitric oxide (NO)] before cryopreservation on the quality and fertility potential of thawed sperm. Semen samples were collected from 20 roosters, twice a wk, and different concentrations of NO [0 (NO‐0), 0.01 (NO‐0.01), 0.1 (NO‐0.1), 1 (NO‐1), 10 (NO‐10), and 100 &mgr;M (NO‐100)] were used to investigate the effects of controlled induction of sublethal stress before semen cryopreservation on the thawed sperm performance. A significantly higher (P < 0.05) percentage of total motility was observed in semen treated with NO‐1 compared to NO‐0, NO‐0.01, NO‐0.1, NO‐10, and NO‐100. NO‐1 and NO‐100 produced the highest and lowest percentages of progressive motility, which were significantly different from that of the other groups (P < 0.05). A significantly higher (P < 0.05) percentage of sperm mitochondria activity was observed in semen exposed to NO‐0, NO‐0.01, NO‐0.1, and NO‐1. Moreover, the lowest (P < 0.05) concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in samples treated with NO‐1 in comparison to the other groups. Abnormal morphology, acrosome integrity, and velocity parameters [velocity average path (VAP) and linearity (LIN)] of sperm were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by different concentrations of NO. Sperm exposed to NO‐1 produced the highest percentage of viable spermatozoa (Annexin−/PI−), which was significantly different from the other samples. Finally, rate of fertility after artificial insemination was significantly higher (P < 0.05) following treatment with NO‐1 compared to NO‐0 and NO‐0.1. Application of 1 &mgr;M NO as a sublethal oxidative stress before cryopreservation of sperm efficiently increased numerous quality indices of thawed sperm as well as its fertility potential.


tomotic leak after small bowel resection. This case and literature review highlights an uncommon yet important complication of endoscopic sphincterotomy in the management of large common bile duct stones. Care must be taken at ERCP to retrieve or crush all large stones, especially those greater than 2 cm. For stones that are not retrieved, close monitoring is required to prevent delayed diagnosis and clinicians must remain cognizant of possible spontaneous passage of stones into the bowel lumen causing obstruction.


Introduction. The events of the last decade prove that Ukraine's economy is highly sensitive to the effects of government debt risk. On the basis of the systematized materials different theoretical approaches to assessing the risks of public debt are investigate. Their classification is considered. The degree of their impact on the development of Ukraine is defined. The aim of the article is to study the effect of public debt risks on the Ukrainian economy. In order to achieve this goal, we propose to consider their classification and to identify those ones that have the most significant influence on the Ukrainian economy. The ways of preventing risks that can have the most devastating effect will be proposed. Method (methodology). This article provides a theoretical approach to study the risks of public debt. Results. The essence of the risks of public debt is considered. The classification approaches to the characterization of their influence on the development of the state are grounded. The application of the proposed approach allowed to reveal its impact on the socio-economic situation.


A description on the systematic errors associated with the measurement of the vorticity numbers is presented and an application to a real example is discussed. We show that strong biases and systematic errors derive both from some physical assumptions (Jeffery or Mulchrone model) rarely encountered by natural systems as well as by the fact that these vorticity techniques require measurements of the geometrical parameters of porphyroblasts-matrix system by using outcrop surfaces or thin section methods that are inherently biased. Applying different vorticity plots we analyse an example and discuss in detail the effective systematic errors distribution and the ambiguity in measuring the mean vorticity numbers Wn.


With the technique of simulation,the design process of motor can be directed in effect. In this paper,the distribution of magnetic field and the reaction of armature can be analysed using Ansoft.The parameter of motor can be regulated through simulation.The theory of multi-phase and multi-pole high power density motor is analysed,and the result of simulation is given.


Cancellous bone is known to exhibit dispersion over clinically‐relevant ultrasonic frequencies. However, the dependence of the dispersive properties of cancellous bone on bone mineral and collagen content are currently not well understood. Cancellous bone specimens (n=16) obtained from the proximal end of bovine tibia were cut into cubes (15 mm sides) and prepared for measurement along the anterior‐posterior (AP), medial‐lateral (ML), and superior‐inferior (SI) directions. Bone mineral densities (BMD) ranged from 100 to 250 kg/m3. Subsets of the bone specimens were chemically treated to remove bone mineral (nM=10) and collagen content (nC=6). Ultrasonic measurements were performed before and after treatment in a water bath (23 °C) using a pair of 2.25‐MHz planar transducers aligned coaxially. Phase velocity was determined from Fourier analysis of the ultrasonic signals, and dispersion was calculated as the change in phase velocity across the usable bandwidth. Demineralization produced highly significan...


Many people who use LPG gas stoves at present, but they do not realize the danger of leakage of gas cylin- ders is often the case. Dangers of LPG gas leaks can cause res and even explosions that endanger users of LPG gas stoves. Gas leak detectors are connected to the web is a tool made for the safety of users of LPG gas stoves. This tool uses GH 312 gas sensors that would detect a gas leak. If the sensor is active because of a gas leak then the red LED will light, active Buzzer (sounds) and the fan will spin up to have undetectable levels of the gas. When the sensor does not detect the presence of gaseous blue LED that will light up again. This condition will be sent to the web and will appear on web pages that have been in previous designs. In this web that summarizes the available record of events at the time of the gas leak. Penamaan File: 21107220


Bearing faults account for a large majority of the faults in three-phase induction motors. Many researches have been conducted to develop a diagnosis technique for bearing faults using the motor current in an induction motor. However, the characteristics of the motor stator current and radial shaft displacement have not yet been clarified when there is a faulty bearing in an induction motor driven by a PWM inverter. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the power spectral density of the rotational frequency band of the stator current and the radial shaft displacement of the induction motor driven by a PWM inverter. Experiments were performed with normal and abnormal motors. Then, the characteristics of the power spectral density of the rotational frequency band of the stator current are discussed based on the experimental results of the radial shaft displacement.


The rapid growth of e-commerce brings itself new innovative technologies and algorithm to predict the user behaviour and suggest product accordingly. Increasing the QoS  is a major challenge in e-commerce sites. This paper considers the browsing pattern of a user in the current session by analyzing the click stream this helps to determines the section the user interested in and accordingly suggests the products of a particular category.  An algorithm using the MDP is suggested which analyzes the click stream to determine the user need thereby contributing improvement of QoS. Keywords: E-Commerce, QoS, MDP, response time, MDP, Q value


This article first induces the same feature between artificial neural network and secret sharing which certifies the possibility of realization of the later by the former. Then gives out a secret sharing threshold scheme based on artificial neural network and detailedly introduces the process. At last, analyses the correctness of the scheme.


The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, and provides an ornidazole-containing pharmaceutical composition and a preparation thereof, and the pharmaceutical composition contains ornidazole, propylene glycol and linoleic acid. The injection prepared from the composition is good in dissolvability and stability; the injection prepared from the composition is convenient to use and in favor of storage and transportation; and the preparation method of the injection is simple, easy for industrialized production and low in production cost.


Specimens from soil samples collected at Cocalan, Chile, from the rhizosphere of the Chilean wine palm, Jubaea chilensis, were sent to the Plant Protection Institute, Bari, Italy. The identification revealed the presence of large numbers of Paralongidorus sacchari and a few specimens of Paraxiphidorus michelluci, including several juveniles. Populations were studied morphologically and morphometrically and results are reported herein. Both species represent new records for Chile. Juveniles of Paraxiphidorus michelluci are described for the first time.


The various steps dissociation constants of phosphoric acid at 350℃ are estimated based on published experimental data of 0~300℃ with linear isocoulombic extrapolation,and the variation of boiler pH value before and after phosphate hideout is calculated,finally the rationality of low phosphate treatment for boiler water of subcritical pressure drum boiler is demonstrated theoretically in this paper.


Turbo jet engine nacelle thrust reverser comprising mobile cowls (10) which move back with respect to a front frame (2) under the effect of an actuating system, via a control mechanism driving the pivoting of flaps (8) to more or less close off the annular cold-air duct (4) and open the cascades of veins (12) arranged around this duct which receive the cold air flow to deflect same forward, characterized in that with the reverser closed, the cascades of veins (12) are partially built into the cowls (10) and in that it comprises an actuating system which causes the cascades of veins to move back by a travel that is reduced in comparison with that of the cowl.


This article is about audience orientation in utility communications. The author argues that a communication revolution has magnified a knowledge explosion while paradoxically producing a gap in the public's real comprehension of complex contemporary tends. Utilities--whose future depends on popular understanding of wide-ranging, fast-changing issues--are seen as needing more effective public communication strategies. The success of one utility's (Florida Power and Light Company's) new information program is cited in support of the author's advocacy of more audience-oriented communications.


This thesis is a study on dualism in Cy Twombly(1928-2011)'s series of Lepanto. Twombly made his debut with his scribble-like works in the 1950s when Abstract Expressionism enjoyed its golden age. In the New York art world where American Type Modernism was prevalent, Twombly was not permitted, and thus he had been a forgotten artist for a long time. After the advent of postmodernism, however, Twombly has been "rediscovered" continuously and become one of the most expensive artists. Hostility and hospitality, between these, does Twombly's dualism exist. The subject of the series of Lepanto, the Battle of Lepanto, was the naval battle in which a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of Spain, the Republic of Venice and the Papacy, decisively defeated the main fleet of the Ottoman Empire in 1571. Because the pivotal point of power between the East and the West had changed due to this event, the Battle of Lepanto has been considered as the crucial turning point of conflicts between the East and the West. Traditionally many Western artists have painted the Battle of Lepanto as a grand painting showing off the glorious triumph. However, it is the scrawl-like traces that Twombly's series of Lepanto displays. Therefore, it can be said that not as representing the monumental event as it is, but as doodling it lightly, Twombly intended to break down the traditional binarism ― the East and the West, by extension, triumph and defeat, life and death. In the series of Lepanto, the galleys signify masculinity and the sea implies femininity according to Roman Jakobson's rule of metaphor and metonymy. The masculinity and the femininity in Twombly's series of Lepanto have a horizontal characteristic, different from Abstract Expressionism's vertical dualism. Twombly's series of Lepanto is included in the genre of a war painting, and like other war paintings, there are a large number of death in the series of Lepanto. Despite such a serious subject, however, sensuality exists in Twombly's series of Lepanto. It is ascribed that extreme pain comes down to sensuality of death in the end. Life is a detour on the road to death and death is a process for life. pain and pleasure are one and the same. As a consequence, it can be deemed that the dualism in Twombly's series of Lepanto is not for the confrontation, but for the union of opposites.


In order to study on resistance mechanism of P.capsici isolates with parental and resistant to the mandipropamid,determined on physiological and biochemical indexes were done.The results indicated that in the NaCl and glucose concentrations,isolates with parental and resistant for mycelial growth capacity was less affected,and at different concentrations,all strains show no significant osmotic pressure difference.It can be drawn NaCl and glucose on capsici does not have to provide nutritional and osmotic inhibition.Although mandipropamid in low concentrations resistant strains in vivo electrolyte to leak out more,with the treated time and concentration increase,the resistant strains inclusions less leakage.At the same time strains with parental and resistant that soluble protein content and β-1,3-glucanase activity change,parental strains of soluble protein content and cell β-1,3-glucanase activity is higher than resistant strains.With the treated time increase,all strains of the soluble protein content and β-1,3-glucanase activity tended to decrease.It can conclude that the inclusion of P.capsici is leakage through the cell membrane to accelerate metabolism,reduce the accumulation of mandipropamid,so that reach the actual target concentration was decreased.At the same time the body of the soluble protein content and β-1,3-glucanase activity decreased.For these reasons may be resistant mechanism to mandipropamid.


The thermopreferendum and the upper lethal temperature of Allolobophora caliginosa f. trapezoides, Pheretima californica, and Alma sp. were determined by the use of new methods which exclude the defects of previous experiments concerning the effect of changing relative humidity. The use of a new thermopreferendum apparatus based on that of Herter is introduced, and the method of Fry for lethal temperature determination is adopted with certain modifications. It was found that the temperature preference ranges of A. caliginosa, Ph. californica, and Alma sp. are 2-370C, 26-350C, and 24-260C, respectively. A. caliginosa has the highest upper lethal temperature. This may be one reason why it is the dominant species in Egypt. Worms perish more readily at high temperatures in habitats to which they are not adapted. They show a good adaptation to the hot Egyptian climate by having high upper lethal temperatures. Pe3loMe


A new method for the simulation of particulate flows, based on the extended finite element method (X‐FEM), is described. In this method, the particle surfaces need not conform to the finite element boundaries, so that moving particles can be simulated without remeshing. The near field form of the fluid flow about each particle is built into the finite element basis using a partition of unity enrichment, allowing the simple enforcement of boundary conditions and improved accuracy over other methods on a coarse mesh. We present a weak form of the equations of motion useful for the simulation of freely moving particles, and solve example problems for particles with prescribed and unknown velocities. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


EnglishThis paper briefly presents the likely evolution of supercomputers during the present decade, from the points of view of computing power, architecture and easiness of use.As climate models require access to ever increasing computing power, they will benefit from these new supercomputers and their increased capabilities, provided some evolution of their numerical structure takes place, a process that has already started. They will then be able, through an increase of their spatial resolution, to lead to simulations which will be both mathematically justified and even more realistic from the physical point of view. francaisCet article presente brievement les perspectives d'evolution des supercalculateurs au cours de la decennie en cours, tant du point de vue de leur puissance de calcul que de celui de leur architecture informatique et de leur utilisation. Les modeles du climat necessitant de recourir a des puissances de calcul de plus en plus grandes, ils pourront beneficier de ces nouvelles machines et de leur puissance de calcul, au prix d'evolutions de leur structure numerique, dont certaines sont deja amorcees. Ils seront alors a meme, via une augmentation de leur resolution spatiale, de conduire a des simulations dont la convergence mathematique aura ete verifiee et qui seront encore plus realistes du point de vue physique.


THE following cases of diseased action depending upon rheumatism seem of sufficient interest to be worth recording, if only as memoranda of well marked instances of disease, and of the action of remedies. The brief way in which they are reported was unavoidable, as they all occurred in hospital out-patients, and time was of course wanting to make detaile inquiries. CAsE I. Jane F., aged 6, residing at Kensal Green, was admitted on Feb. 9th. She had a kind of fit, her mother stated, six weeks previously; but she did not lose her consciousness. At present, she was stupefied several times in the course of the day. She had pain in different parts of the head, which was not increased at night. The tongue was clean; the urine clear. She was living on the bank of


Abstract Primary sedimentary structures exhibiting the three diagnostic criteria for single sets of hummocky cross-stratification (Harms et al., 1982) have been found in the surf zone of a storm-wave dominated coastline in the Canadian Great Lakes. Epoxy peels of box cores (0.45 × 0.30 m) reveal hummocky lamination in well sorted, fine sands in water depths less than 2 m, under conditions of wave breaking and strong longshore currents. The scales of the hummocks with wave lengths of 0.3 to 0.6 m are somewhat smaller than the classic ancient analogues, but the ratio of length to height ranges from 8 to 12 and overlaps the range for hummocky cross-stratification. Depth-of-activity rods have been used to identify those hummocks formed during sediment transport events when the near-bed currents were recorded directly using electromagnetic flowmeters. The results of such experiments clearly show that hummocky lamination was produced by an actively growing bed form with little or no lateral migration. The hummocks occur under conditions close to those expected for a flat bed. In one vertical sequence, the hummocky cross-lamination is underlain by subhorizontal, planar lamination and overlain by undulatory lamination, which grades upwards into small-scale, trough cross-lamination. This sequence was associated with a single storm and appears to represent a combined-flow regime sequence with the hummocky lamination representing a post-vortex (?) ripple bed form. At the time of hummocky formation, near-bed oscillatory flows were dominant and reached 1.4 m/s with a superimposed longshore current of 0.27 m/s. However, the latter was decreasing rapidly and may well have been the cause of vertical growth of the hummock. Hummocky cross-stratification is, therefore, a primary sedimentary structure that can be formed by combined oscillatory and superimposed unidirectional flows, in very shallow surf zones.


The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a set of symbols designed to be used for representing the speech sounds of languages of the world. This set of symbols has many uses.

Keywords:

esl/efl;
language teaching;
phonetics;
pronunciation


ABSTRACT This study investigates the temporal variability and trend of temperature and rainfall in Gelana sub-watershed, northern highlands of Ethiopia. The study employed a mixed methods approach, but overwhelmingly relied on gridded monthly rainfall and maximum and minimum temperature data at a resolution of 10 × 10 km. The quantitative data were analyzed using standardized rainfall anomaly, precipitation concentration index, coefficient of variation and Mann-Kendall (MK) trend analysis. The results indicated that rainfall over "Kiremit" and "Belg" seasons is found highly variable in the study area. The annual total rainfall has shown an increasing trend of 0.05 mm per year. The MK test results showed that "Kiremit" rainfall has a positive increasing trend, while Belg rainfall showed a statistically significant decreasing trend. A warming trend of annual maximum and minimum temperature has been observed over the study area. The study suggests strategies to enhance the adaptive capacity of agricultural systems and to reduce the likelihood of production risks.


The aim of the study is to search for the influence of biotic factors in the agrocenosis with edible honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) on the state of forest woody plants in natural phytocenosis. A nursery of the N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) and natural biocenoses, including coniferous and deciduous trees, was a place of research in the regions of Central Russia in the period of 2005-2020. More than 50 phytophages and phytopathogens on edible honeysuckle plants in the monitoring process were noted. Complex biotic relationships with numerous trophic connections are formed between the agrocenosis and the natural ecological system was revealed. The polyphages Lepidosaphes ulmi L., Parthenolecanium corni Bouche, Chionaspis salicis L., Phenacoccus aceris Bouche, and Tetranychus urticae Koch are especially active in this system, creating environmental problems of various levels. It is noted that nonspecific phytopathogens are dangerous for artificial and natural cenoses, especially Neonectria ditissima (Tul. & C. Tul.) Samuels & Rossman, Nectria cinnabarina (Tode) Fr., Phellinus conchatus (Pers.) Quél., and Fumago vagans Pers. that formed food chains with weakened plants. The rules of plant care and protection are necessary to follow to preserve natural populations and obtain a good harvest in berry nurseries.


The present study aimed to reveal the effects of different fungal pathogens and the severity of their diseases on the element content of leaf blades in different quality reed stands. Investigations were carried out in four sampling sites of good and medium quality reed stands at the northern shore of Lake Balaton, Hungary. The element content of both healthy leaf blades as control and leaf blades infected slightly and severely by Puccinia phragmitis (Schum.) Koernicke, Deightoniella arundinacea (Corda) Hughes, Deightoniella roumeguerei (Cav.) O. Const. and a species of Stagonospora genus were determined by ICP Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer. The measurements were evaluated by standardized principal component analysis. Of the fungal pathogens, occurrence of Stagonospora sp., Deightoniella roumeguerei and Puccinia phragmitis proved to have vertical preference and to cause differences in the mineral composition of reed leaves. The first two species infected the upper leaf blades and they were negatively correlated with the Ba, Ca, Sr, Mn, Mg, P and B contents of the leaves. Puccinia phragmitis occurs on the lower ones and it was positively associated with the same elements. On the other hand, the severities of the infections of the same pathogens caused undisclosable differences. The above tendencies appeared to be the same in both reed qualities. In conclusion, through changing the element content of reeds, pathogenic fungi may have a significant role in reed decline and the deterioration of water quality in many aquatic ecosystems.


The research area is located in Merawang District of Bangka Regency of Bangka Belitung Province. This research is to find out more detail about Bukit Sambunggiri mineralization and its relation with the availability of mineral cassiterite as tin minerals. The method that will be used is qualitative and quantitative method to some rock samples that exist in the research location and geomagnetic to interpretation of distyributionogminerals . Steps to be taken include literature study, field research, laboratory analysis including mineralogy analysis and microscope observation and geochemical rock sampling using XRD / XRF. The sampling procedure for analysis was done randomly, the rock samples to be tested were chosen based on the number of rocks / lithologies available to be observed and examined for their mineralized content. Regionally the research area consists of a hill which is interpreted as a source of tin minerals. It is hoped that this research can produce existing mineralization models by studying the lithology / rocks, the geological structure of the mineralized carrier and the types of minerals contained in addition to the tin minerals. From the results of petrographic analysis obtained some litologies such as sandstone metasediment and claystone metasediment as well as mineral veins filled by ore minerals. Geomagnetic analysis results from 5 existing line show the distribution of minerals follow the direction of geological structure and the existence of mineral ore. Result of xrf analysis known mineral content is cassiterite, monazite, zircon, ilmenite and iron oxides minerals.


In a recent paper [1], Anacleto et al. illustrated the concept of displacement current from an educational perspective using a conducting wire segment connecting two opposite charges. We have just become aware that this same problem had previously been addressed by Charitat and Graner [2]. We regret that we were unaware of ref. 2 at the time of writing our paper and fully acknowledge Charitat and Graner's [2] priority in originally analyzing the aforementioned illustrative example.


A graphene oxide/zirconium oxide (GO/ZrO2) nanocomposite was developed and evaluated for the efficient removal of Reactive Red120 (RR120) dye. The characterization of the GO/ZrO2 nanocomposite was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Box‐Behnken design (BBD) was used as a statistical optimization to evaluate the effects of adsorption parameters, including adsorbent concentration, RR120 amount, and removal time. The study describes the GO/ZrO2 nanocomposite adsorbent, which has a potential application in the treatment of anionic dye‐contaminated water.


One of the problems in a digitally controlled DC-DC power converter is relatively low low-frequency loop gain achievable unless a digital compensator of large number of bits is used. As a result of this, the low-frequency line regulation and output impedance performance of the DC-DC power converter suffers unless an expensive compensator is used. In the paper, the cause of this problem is traced to the truncation error of the digital compensator used in the DC-DC power converter feedback control loop. A method is then proposed to correct this problem. Experimental results verified the validity of the proposed method.


Measurements of the corrosion of steel components, such as nuts and bolts, in nuclear reactors present special problems because of the restricted access and the hot ( approximately 100 degrees C), radioactive (10 rad h-1) environment which exists even during a reactor maintenance period. To operate in such conditions a small self-contained instrument package has been developed which can be continuously cooled and remotely controlled. It makes use of the fact that when the beam from a high power ruby laser is focused on to a point on the surface of the corrosion layer a certain depth of the layer is penetrated. When this penetration extends down to the bare metal the surface reflectivity increases substantially, and it has been found that the depth of corrosion at any point can be measured accurately by monitoring the reflectivity of the probed area using a low-power gas laser. The reflectivity of the corroded surface to the gas laser beam has been shown to have a characteristic variation with the number of high-power ruby laser pulses fired and rises sharply when the corrosion layer is penetrated. By comparing the total energy required to penetrate the corrosion layer with a calibration curve obtained on samples with known corrosion depths, the depth of corrosion on the steel component can be determined.


The French Competition Authority has handed down a fine of EUR 40 million to the Sanofi-Aventis Laboratory for implementing a practice of driving out competition by disparaging generic versions…


Abstract Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrated by police officers has been largely attributed to the unique critical incident stressors encountered in the field. While a large body of studies has documented a link between critical incident stressors and IPV among law enforcement, these studies have not examined whether experiencing child maltreatment and witnessing interparental violence also contribute to IPV perpetration. The current study uses data from the study Police Stress and Domestic Violence in Police Families in Baltimore, Maryland: 1997–1999 to examine the effects child maltreatment, interparental violence, and critical incident stressors have on IPV perpetration within a social learning and general strain framework. Results indicate that personally experiencing child maltreatment was associated with police officers perpetrating IPV later in life. In addition, women were more likely to report perpetrating IPV when compared to men. Studies that have not controlled for child maltreatment may not have provided a comprehensive test of the correlates of IPV in police families.


We demonstrate SparkTune, a tool that supports the evaluation and tuning of Spark SQL workloads from multiple perspectives. Unlike Spark SQL's optimizer, whichmainly relies on a rule-based model, SparkTune adopts a cost-based model for SQL queries; this enables the accurate estimation of execution times and the identification of cost and complexity factors in a user-defined workload. The estimate is based on the cluster configuration, the database statistics (both automatically retrieved by the tool) and the resources allocated to the workload. Thus, for any given cluster, database and workload, SparkTune is able to identify the best cluster configuration to run the workload, to estimate the price to run it on a cloud platform while evaluating the performance/price trade-off, and more. SparkTune turns the cluster tuning efforts from manual and qualitative to automatic, optimized and quantitative.


The optimal conditions for the burn regimes of a tokamak fusion power plant are obtained under the assumption that electron and ion temperatures can be controlled independently by means of external auxiliary heating. The study of the system is based on a volume-averaged 0-D two-temperature model in which different operating states are obtained by proper adjustment of the deuterium-tritium refueling rate and the auxiliary heating power to electrons and to ions. Optimal operating conditions that maximize Q power gain are determined using plasma operation contour plots. For the H-mode, the optimal burn regimes for a given fusion power are shown to be obtained when the auxiliary heating power to the plasma ions vanishes. The impact on the optimal operating states of varying the enhancement factor of the energy confinement time is found to be important. Impurities composed of beryllium and argon are included in two different scenarios that give similar results. An ideal system free of impurities is also presented to show that a clean plasma would significantly improve its performance.


Neurophysiological experiments on toadfish indicate the different strategies by which toadfish localize sources in azimuth and elevation. The saccules of the toadfish respond with great sensitivity to acoustic particle motion in the manner of inertial accelerometers. The directional response properties of otolithic afferents were studied in the horizontal and mid‐sagittal planes using a 3‐D shaker system. Most primary afferents have a cosine directionality response pattern. In the horizontal plane, an afferent's best azimuthal direction is determined primarily by the orientation of the otolith organ in the head, and azimuth could be encoded as interaural response differences deriving from each organ's gross directionality. The elevation of the axis of particle motion could be represented by a within‐organ pattern of response magnitude over the afferent array that is determined by the patterns of hair cell orientation. In humans, source elevation can be estimated from the head‐related transfer function, a ...


A method of Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation for relativistic spin-1/2 particles in external fields is proposed; in the present work the basic properties of the Dirac hamiltonian in the FW representation in the noncommutative phase-space are investigated and the Schrodinger-Pauli equation is found, knowing that the used methods for extracting the full phase-space noncommutative Dirac equation are, the Bopp-shift linear translation method, and the Moyal-Weyl product (*-product).


This contribution offers an analysis of the structural constraints on the interpretation of the Russian anaphoric expressions sebja and svoj. It accounts for a number of intricate binding patterns, such as the 'animacy effect' in the case of non-local binding and apparent irregularities in subject orientation and complementarity in local and long-distance binding. We show that these patterns can be accounted for in a unified manner by Multiple Agree-based dependencies established separately for person and number features, assuming the presence of a φ-incomplete number-only probe low in the structure. As a result of the valuation procedure the reflexives end up only partially valued and thus remain distinct from pronominals.


The main purpose of the note is to explore the invariant properties of sphericalization and flattening and their applications in quasi-metric spaces. We show that sphericalization and flattening procedures on a quasimetric spaces preserving properties such as Ahlfors regular and doubling property. By using these properties, we generalize a recent result in \cite{WZ}. We also show that the Loewner condition can be preserved under quasimobius mapping between two $Q$-Ahlfors regular spaces. Finally, we prove that the $Q$-regularity of $Q$-dimensional Hausdorff measure of Bourdon metric are coincided with Hausdorff measure of Hamenstadt metric defined on the boundary at infinity of a Gromov hyperbolic space.


This paper proposes a novel strategy to apply multi-agent systems (MAS) and consensus tracking control on synchronous generators (SGs) in a micro-grid (MG) based on sliding mode strategy in presence of an external disturbance. Cooperative control of SGs has undeniable advantages on MGs which guarantee optimal collaboration among various parts. Sliding mode controllers resist against disturbances meanwhile, achieving finite time synchronization for the nonlinear states of SGs. Stability analysis is proved based on Lyapunov direct method. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the presented method to apply consensus protocol for multi-agent generators in MGs.


Chrysanthemum genus synthesizes and accumulates a variety of secondary metabolites. Some of the biologically active secondary metabolites and pyrethroids are responsible for the insecticidal activity of the well known plant species Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium. The present review summarizes information available on the secondary metabolites isolated from Chrysanthemum genus.


Garcinol, a well-known medicinal phytochemical, was extracted and isolated from the dried fruit rinds of Garcinia quaesita Pierre. In this study, garcinol has successfully used to reduce silver ions to silver in order to synthesize G-AgNPs. The formation and the structure of G-AgNPs were confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and TEM. The antimicrobial activity of garcinol and G-AgNPs were investigated by well diffusion assay, broth micro dilution assay and time-kill kinetic study, over selected five microbial species including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25623), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and clinical isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Antimicrobial activity of G-AgNPs was compared with the chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The formation of G-AgNPs is a promising novel approach to enhance the biologically activeness of silver nanoparticle and to increase the water solubility of garcinol which provides a significant array of therapeutic applications.


The authors use idealized tests to quantify the performance of the Després and Lagoutière (DL99) advection scheme for the calculation of vertical constituent transport in chemistry-transport settings, comparing it to both classical schemes such as Van Leer and (relatively) modern schemes such as the Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM). They find that DL99 may be able to produce a more accurate simulation of the transport of thin atmospheric layers than the standard PPM or Van Leer approaches, in spite of being formally lower-order in accuracy. This is an interesting and potentially highly significant result, due to the known difficulties of simulating such layers in the atmosphere and the computational cost of increasing the vertical model resolution – the only serious solution yet suggested elsewhere in the literature.


Water at the interface and in the bulk of ultrathin ionomer films confined to platinum surfaces affects the electrochemical activity and proton transport in electrochemical devices, yet it is little explored. This is the first study wherein the water distribution and the hygroexpansion of three different sulfonated fluoropolymers, varying in the composition and length of sulfonic group terminating side chains, as confined thin films (∼15 nm) on a Pt surface are examined by neutron reflectometry, ellipsometry, and quartz crystal microbalance. For the shorter side-chain perfluorosulfonated acid (PFSA) ionomers, Nafion EW 1100 and 3M EW 725, one to two monolayers equivalent of interfacial water, similar to adsorbed water on bare Pt, under wet conditions (97% humidity) was observed. In contrast, for the longer chain perfluoroimide acid (PFIA) ionomer, five monolayers equivalent of interfacial water was observed. In the bulk phase of the films, the PFIA ionomer exhibited a multilamellar structure comprising a ...


In this paper,some properties of high dimensional generalized Beltrami equations are discussed by the tool of differential forms.The promotion formula of generalized Beltrami equations Df(x)H(f(x))D tf(x)=(J(x,f)) 2/n Id in all dimensions are got,and (H,Id)-transformation in all dimensions is transformed into a "Beltrami equation".


Resistant hypertension is a common disease in clinical practice but studies of resistant hypertension are limited.The diagnosis of resistant hypertension requires use of good blood pressure technique to confirm persistently elevated blood pressure levels.Resistant hypertension is almost always multifactorial in etiology and complicated by multiple other cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity,diabetes,chronic kidney disease and sleep apnea.Recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of resistant hypertension with 3 or 4 drug combinations.


During the last decades artificial intelligence has been a common theme for new works. In this paper a new method utilizing artificial intelligence is suggested for data fusion. As a case study proposed method is applied on target tracking. This work is an improved form of a recent work introduced in [1], the coefficients are optimized by Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization as two intelligent methods. In addition to the weight coefficients introduced in [1], we have applied optimization on sensor gains as well. The applied intelligent method leads to better performance. The results of two optimization algorithms are compared to each other and the suggested method in [1]. Results show two presented methods have less error.


Ferroelectric domain wall (DW) based nano-electronics is an emerging new field of research. It is only recently with advancements in electron and atomic force microscopy instrumentation that the complex nature of these 2D entities can be probed. In this Research Update, the advances in aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy applied to ferroelectric topological defects are summarized. We discuss sub-atomic imaging and diffraction techniques used to observe changes in polarization, chemical composition, charge density, and strain at DWs and vortices. We further highlight the current achievements in mapping the 3D nature of ferroelectric polar skyrmions and in situ biasing. This Review will focus on both the fundamental physics of DW and polar vortex formation and their dynamics. Finally, we discuss how electron spectroscopy can be used to relate the quantified structural distortions of polar topological entities to changes in their oxidation state and band structure.


A planar electrochemical potentiometric CO sensor, composed of three electrodes on a sputtered yttria stabilized zirconia film, has been fabricated and studied. The working and counterelectrodes were made with Pt, while the reference electrode was made with Au. The counterelectrode was covered with a thin layer of the catalyst. The catalytical oxidation of the CO in the mixture by CuO coupled with the diffusion resistance of the oxide layer result in a oxygen concentration gradient across the oxide layer and cell. An EMF (electromotive force) is thereby induced, and its value depends on the CO concentration in the gas. The experimental results obtained over the temperature range of 300-450/spl deg/C are presented. The present study shows that this type of cell exhibits a measurable EMF (typically 100-200 mV at 300-400/spl deg/C). The EMF response to CO injection (/spl Delta/EMF) was experimentally determined. High sensing accuracy was obtained at 340/spl deg/C.


The Domain Name System (DNS) is among the most ubiquitous and important protocols for network communication; however, security concerns regarding DNS have been on the rise and demand for encrypted traffic has followed suit. Using a publicly available dataset, this work compares 10 different machine learning classifiers using stratified 10-fold cross-validation. The classifiers are used to determine the most effective and efficient way of detecting malicious DNS over Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) traffic, dubbed DoH traffic. Model performance is evaluated on Non-DoH vs. DoH traffic, then tested on benign vs. malicious DoH traffic. Additionally, this paper seeks to build upon existing research by removing noise and introducing feature selection methods and feature explainability to produce a better model for real-world deployment. After eliminating five overfitting features, our findings indicate that light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) yielded the highest accuracy to training time ratio while approaching 0% error using 20 top features.


This study investigated secondary students' conceptual difficulties in electrochemistry. A branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of electricity and the production of electricity by chemical reactions. The sample consists of two hundred and forty eight students randomly selected from 29 government secondary schools within Abia state. A test instrument on conceptual difficulties in electrochemistry (TCE) was designed and used in collecting data for the study. TCE was validated by experienced lecturers and chemistry teachers in the field. A pilot test was carried out to establish its reliability coefficient and with the use of test re-test method, the correlation coefficient was found to be r = 0.88. The results of the analysis showed that; the students have difficulty in understanding concepts tested by 84% of the items in electrochemistry. Based on the findings; some recommendations were made on how to improve the learning and understanding of concepts in electrochemistry.