Professor Claire Hill's article on whole business securitization provides a succinct account of the interesting device of whole business securitization. It is one of the very few investigations into the economics of such devices and the exportability of the concept to emerging markets. Whole business securitization lies somewhere between the categories of asset-backed securities and corporate finance but is arguably closer to the latter than to the former. Whole business securitization utilizes several features typical of asset-backed securities, including the use of credit enhancements and the stratification of investors. However, some of the key distinctive features of asset-backed finance are: legal transfer and isolation of assets; independence of investor service to the continued performance of the originator; off-balance sheet funding, etc. All these features are absent in whole business securitization. Furthermore, because whole business securitization encompasses all of the cash flows of an operating business, it is more of a collateralization and bankruptcy-proofing device than it is an asset-backed securitization. However, since what matters to investors is the ultimate credit quality of an investment, these hybrid finance transactions have had an appeal and, if the trends in the past couple of years are an indication, this appeal is increasing. The legal basis for whole business securitization is the power of a backup servicer, apprehending bankruptcy of the originator, to take over the assets of the originator and have them administered for the interest of the investors. One source of this power is a provision of U.K. insolvency law, which allows holders of floating charges on substantially the entire property of a borrower to appoint an administrative receiver, who effectively will be able to restrain the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy court over such assets. (1) Similar insolvency laws exist in other countries such as Malaysia, (2) Hong Kong, (3) etc. Even under the Indian company law, debenture holders are entitled to exercise a power conferred under the instrument of debentures and appoint a receiver to take over the charged property. (4) In the U.K., the proposed Enterprise Bill was presented before Parliament on March 26, 2002. This bill seeks to recast the insolvency regime and, in particular, scrap the administrative receivership. (5) However, there are exceptions, inter alia, for capital market transactions. From the way that capital market transactions have been defined (6) it seems that securitization transactions will continue to use administrative receiverships even after the insolvency law reform. (7) Administrative receivership is not the only way used by whole business securitization to gain control over the assets of the originator. In various cases, pledge (8) and uncompleted sale of assets (9) have also been used. Professor Hill's article attempts to explain the inherent economics of whole business securitization, which, as she admits, is complicated. Off-balance sheet funding and the consequential regulatory arbitrage is not applicable to these hybrid deals. However, the author finds explanation in primarily two distinctive features: bankruptcy proofing, (10) and the capital market window provided to an otherwise bilateral transaction. (11) The most important advantage of whole business securitizations is the fixed and floating charge of the security trustee that acts as a shield for investors. This protection results from the pro-creditor stance of U.K. insolvency laws, which is due to be scrapped for secured borrowings in general, but is proposed to be retained for capital market transactions, including securitization. The other oft-cited advantage of whole business securitizations is that, in the event of bankruptcy the originator, as the business operator, may be replaced by a receiver who would take over the assets of the defaulting corporation and manage the business to pay off the investors. …


ABS TRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model on the quality of life of ostomy patients. Material and Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. This study was conducted between May 2018 and August 2019 in the general surgery clinic of a training and research hospital. The study sample consisted of 60 patients 18 years of age or older who had a temporary/permanent colostomy and ileostomy to be closed in more than 6 months. Patients were randomized into two groups; intervention (n=30) and control (n=30). In this study, data were obtained by using a Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Information Assessment Test (pretestposttest) (Information), the Behavior Assessment Form (Behavior Skills) and the 36-Item Short Form Survey Quality of Life Scale (SF-36QoLS). The intervention group participants were trained by a general surgery nurse about the information stages of the model and received either telephone or face-to-face counseling during the first and third months as part of the motivation stage. Their ostomy care behavior was evaluated as part of the behavioral skills stage at the end of the sixth month. The control group received no intervention. The quality of life in both groups was assessed at the end of the sixth month. Results: The intervention group had a higher mean SF-36 behavior evaluation score than the control group before and after the intervention (p <0.001). Although there was an increase in the median information assessment test scores of both intervention and control groups, that in the former was statistically significantly higher than that in the latter (p <0.001). Conclusion: The Information Motivation-Behavioral Skills model had an effect on the quality of life of ostomy patients.


Plugging health into planning: evidence and practice. A guide to help practitioners integrate health and spatial planning, by Andrew Ross (2011). The guide was funded by the Department of Health, for LG Improvement and Development Healthy Communities team called Plugging Health into Planning: evidence and practice. It was launched at a national conference in Bristol on 23 June 2011. Plugging Health Into Planning: Evidence and Practice showcases more than 20 examples of practice involving English local planning authorities. It sets out: • what the evidence is for the most effective planning/environmental interventions for health • how planners are using the existing spatial planning to help meet pressing health concerns • where to go for more information on each intervention. It will also help public health professionals to understand what planning can and can't do to meet public health priorities.


In this paper, the receiver aircraft of the AAR is modeled, and the disturbances are presented. The longitudinal and the lateral model of the receiver are correspondingly transformed into relevant three second-order systems and a third-order system. It makes the motion model more convenient for controller design, and the scale separation is avoided at the mean time. Then, the ADRC is firstly applied to the precise docking controller design to adequately reject the different complex disturbances during the docking of AAR. Comparative simulation results show that the ADRC achieves better performance in AAR docking control under complex flow interference.


Ultrasonic-Assisted Drilling (UAD) is a promising technology used for machining difficult-to-cut materials. In this work, an experimental investigation and statistical analysis are used to study the characteristics UAD and conventional drilling (CD) of soda glass using diamond abrasive tools. Statistically designed experiments were conducted using cutting fluid at different levels of tool feed rate, spindle speed, and tool abrasive-concentration. The mean thrust force and moment were considered the main responses. The significant drilling factors and their interactions were identified by modelling the process parameters and the output responses. The statistical models and optimum levels are determined. The ultrasonic application showed a significant effect on reducing the feed forces and drilling moment. Spindle speed is significant factor on thrust force and moment. The models error is less that 9%.


As robotics systems become more distributed, the communications between different robot modules play a key role for the reliability of the overall robot control. In this paper, we present a study of the Linux communication stack meant for real-time robotic applications. We evaluate the real-time performance of UDP based communications in Linux on multi-core embedded devices as test platforms. We prove that, under an appropriate configuration, the Linux kernel greatly enhances the determinism of communications using the UDP protocol. Furthermore, we demonstrate that concurrent traffic disrupts the bounded latencies and propose a solution by separating the real-time application and the corresponding interrupt in a CPU.


The French naval hydrographic and oceanographic office (SHOM) operates several multibeam echosounders (MBES) for hydrographic surveys. In order to control to deep water surveys quality and to improve the automation of the MBES bathymetric data post-processing procedures, the SHOM has led some exploratory studies in the DE95902 program between 1995 and 1997. These studies were followed by another research program (PEA 982404) from 1998 to 2001. The results of these studies were: - creation of operating procedures for the Kongsberg-Simrad EM 12 Dual deep water MBES installed on the hydrographic ship L'Esperance; - development of a methodology to check the MBES bathymetric capabilities, - improvement of the EM 12 Dual data quality; - definition of an analysis method for the impact of sound velocity variations on bathymetric data. This method has permitted to define the sound velocity measurement strategy for deep water surveys in North East Atlantic; - development of a complete prototype post-processing software for MBES bathymetric data; CIRCE.


This is a survey-type article whose goal is to review some recent developments in studying the genericity problem for non-uniformly hyperbolic dynamical systems with discrete time on compact smooth manifolds. We discuss both cases of systems which are conservative (preserve the Riemannian volume) and dissipative (possess hyperbolic attractors). We also consider the problem of coexistence of hyperbolic and regular behaviour.


Abstract This paper reports the differences between two methodologies for threshold detection of added resistive loads in children and adolescents. The first-generation apparatus utilized a series of laminar flow screens to present various total resistances, while in the second generation the apparatus utilized a servo-controlled cone that occluded an aperture to varying degrees. Protocol modifications in the second generation methodology included forced choice, attentional enhancements, and larger increments of added resistance. Two studies conducted 2 years apart provided data on the first and second generations of methodology. All participants in Study 1 (N = 33) and Study 2 (N = 33) were children with asthma. Subjects were matched for both age and asthma severity. Results showed the methodologic improvements in the second generation to be significant. Tracking and random thresholds were achieved by 85% and 82% of the subjects in Study 2 compared to 76% and 42% in Study 1, respectively. The correlation...


The proliferation of RDF data has presented the need for distributed RDF storage solutions. RDF is increasingly being used to model data for the Semantic Web. This sudden increase in the amount of RDF data is a pressing issue that requires a scalable solution. Some of the common issues faced while handling Big RDF data are storage and query processing. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid RDF partitioning scheme to speed up SPARQL query processing for Big RDF data. The approach in this paper, HyPSo, combines the two popular RDF partitioning schemes i.e. vertical partitioning and hash partitioning. By doing so HyPSo intends to provide a scalable solution to storage and query processing for Big RDF data. Our objective is to speed up query processing by reducing the query execution time. This is possible owing to the partitioning done in HyPSo where only the requisite properties are read thus, reducing the I/O cost and the join cost is minimized as subject-predicate bound queries can be answered by a single table scan. The Big RDF data partitioned using HyPSo occupies less disk space compared to the vertical partitioning scheme. HyPSo is compared with two existing distributed RDF frameworks in terms of storage space and query execution time and, it can be concluded that HyPSo demonstrates significant improvement in performance.


Globally, >7 million people die each year from tobacco use [1]. If no urgent action is taken, ≥100 million people will die from tobacco in the next 15 years [2]. Between 2010 and 2025, if tobacco use has a 50% relative reduction, it will help almost reach the global target to reduce premature noncommunicable disease (NCD) mortality by 25% by 2025 [3]. The World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Article 14 emphasises supporting current tobacco users to quit as a key component of comprehensive tobacco control strategy to avert premature NCD deaths [4, 5]. Strategic @ERSTalk–@WHO alliance to address tobacco use by training health professionals on brief advice resulted in establishing smoking cessation in real care settings with quit rates higher than the literature and high propensity for wider dissemination http://ow.ly/lWDF30krq5V


Considering the propositions of law 10.639/ 2003, this study intends to present a brief trajectory of art education in Brazil, trying to highlight the presence of the black in artistic works as thematic and as a subject that expresses itself artistically, transmitting his multiple knowledge through Art. These considerations can broaden the vision and understanding of the Black Hand in Brazilian art, its representations and its implications in education, allowing new reflections for teaching practice and for the critical artistic making of the students.


The purpose of this article is to examine the hypothesis that cleavages and heterogeneity in the social structure of cities is linked to their degree of interparty competition. This hypothesis is tested by carrying out separate analyses among the largest cities in four European nations: France, Belgium, Italy, and the Netherlands. Among other factors, these nations have in common the fact that each has a multiparty system; each is characterized by strong class, religious, and/or ethnic cleavages (Lipset and Rokkan, 1967); each has one or more mass-based socialist or left-oriented, &dquo;programmatic&dquo; political parties (Lowi, 1967); each uses or has used a system of proportional representation in municipal elections among larger cities;' and municipal elections are not held concurrently with legislative or national-level elections, although in one instance they are held concurrently with provincial elections. Such factors make these nations particularly propitious settings for examining this hypothesis.


Conversational narrative has become a staple of linguistic discourse analysis but – except for recent work by David Herman (1997, 1999) and Monika Fludernik (1996) – continues to be to be ignored by narratologists and seems to remain an area of research reserved for linguists. There are good reasons for this. For one, the complexity and, one might say, 'literarity' of conversational storytelling have emerged only recently in the work of Deborah Tannen (1989, 1990) and Wallace Chafe (1994). Until the 90s, most literary scholars could not possibly conceive of a continuity between narratives told in spontaneous conversational exchanges and the novels that they were mostly analysing. Indeed, since most narratologists traditionally focused on the novel, earlier forms of written literary narratives (Renaissance texts, medieval romances etc.) were outside the pale of narratological study. Moreover, although comparisons between historical and literary narratives became popular in the 80s and 90s (Ricoeur, 1984–8; White, 1978; Carrard, 1992; Rigney, 1990; Wesseling, 1991), other non-fictional types of narrative, especially in argumentative and instructional prose, have not really received much attention. Some few narratologists (Chatman, 1990; Fludernik, 2000b) at least attempted to link narrativity with text type or genre theory. Conversely, narratology has branched out to cover under the label narrativea huge number of literary productions that are only partly verbal. Thus, the 80s and 90s saw a series of proposals that discuss films as a narrative genre (Bal, 1985; Chatman, 1990; most recently Ryan, 1991); and film studies in turn (Bordwell, 1985; Branigan, 1992) have resorted to narratological frameworks. More importantly, drama is increasingly regarded as a narrative genre (Richardson, 1987, 1988; Fludernik, 1996) and ballads, cartoons and video and computer games likewise have drawn on narratological analysis. The extension of narratology in terms of the objects of analysis, therefore, concerned the mediaof narratives and coincided with a turn away from textual analysis on the old philological model. It was additionally motivated by a concentration on narrativity as a deep structurephenomenon according to which the existence of a plot constituted narrative, and the medium – as discourse – was a variable entity. At the same time narratology branched out in a methodological respect to cover deconstructivist, psychoanalytic, feminist or cultural studies, and postcolonial approaches to (mostly) the novel (Fludernik, 2000a; Richardson, 2000; Nünning, 2000). Simultaneously, more traditional (structuralist) types of narrative study, including classical narratology, became unpopular. This denigration of traditional narratology with its structuralist bearings had the side effect of downgrading linguistic models and likewise meant that a (linguistic) analysis of the surface structure of narrative texts did not seem a promising approach. Last but not least, it has to be noted that the academic system prevalent in the United States and Canada, owing to the early and rigid specialization in training and research, provides little qualification to deal with literary and nonliterary texts across any longues duréesof literary history. Few students or even scholars these days are competent to study Chaucer and postcolonial literature side by side, nor is linguistic training required as an obligatory part of BAs in English departments as it is in most European countries (except for the UK). As a consequence, most American narratologists have neither the interest, motivation nor expertise to look at conversational narratives as part of their corpus. 186 BOOK REVIEWS


A commercial ultraviolet erasable programmable read-only memory (UVPROM) was used to demonstrate a dosimetry technique for both ground and space applications. An equivalent amount of UV to reproduce the same amount of erasure was used to calibrate dose. The new method of readout, unlike other methods, does not require the evidence of exposure to be destroyed in the course of a measurement. It requires power only during readout. Results from an experiment using this technique aboard the Microelectronics and Photonics Test Bed (MPTB) satellite are discussed. Application of Extreme Value Theory is used to analyze whether early failures in the device were statistically feasible or more likely due to large, rare energy depositions. A new dosimeter approach using a change injection method that will eliminate the need for UV as a metric is also presented as well new experiments for the devices under test aboard MPTB.


ABSTRACT There are new reasons for revisiting Marx's elaboration on the rate of profit because contemporary debates provide findings from the MEGA Project, long-term data on the rate of profit, and tools for dealing with complexity and non-equilibrium systems. This article proposes that the interplay between the tendency and the countertendencies of the rate of profit to fall can be translated into a simple system of equations, one based on each chapter of Section Three of Capital—as if Marx sought to mathematically formalise his insights. This article reviews previous debates, presents data and runs a simulation model, showing that the rate of profit behaves as fractals.


Students of party organization often rely on politicians' perceptions when measuring internal party institutions and organizational characteristics. We compare a commonly used survey measure of political parties' European Parliament candidate selection mechanisms to measures that the authors coded directly from parties' selection rules. We find substantial disconnect between formal institutions and survey respondent perceptions of selection mechanisms, raising questions about measure accuracy and equivalency. While this divergence may be driven either by distinctions between de jure and de facto selection procedures or by respondent error, we find the differences between the two measures are unsystematic. Our findings suggest that authors studying party characteristics must decide whether their research question calls for survey or formal institutional measures.


The text analyzes the use of the hashtag #FechadoComBolsolnaro (in English, #ImWithYouBolsolnaro), one of the most popular hashtags posted on Twitter in April 2020. In the midst of a political crisis in his presidential term, Jair Bolsonaro has become the target of memes in response of his misspelled surname in the hashtag. This suggests the use of bots in an attempt to leverage the president's popularity. Researching fake news and bots using the cartographic method invites us to reflect on the indiscriminate use of social media and its effects on public opinion, mainly in pandemic times, during which society is more vulnerable. Thus, we argue that in order to preserve and maintain Brazilian democracy, we should implement educational practices that discourage and fight fake news.


BACKGROUND: Renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) is a promising strategy in the treatment of resistant hypertension. No studies have assessed the effect of RSD on quality of life in our country, which was the aim of this study. METHODS: The EuroQol-5 Dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) was chosen to evaluate quality of life in 10 patients undergoing RSD, and it was applied before and 3 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Mean age was 47.3 ± 12 years and 90% of the patients were female. Baseline blood pressure was 187 ± 37.5/104 ± 18.5 mmHg and the number of antihypertensive drugs was 7.6 ± 1.3. Before the procedure, the value assigned to health status was 37.5 ± 22.7, increasing at 3 months to 70.5 ± 20.9 (P = 0.01). In the follow-up, in addition to a decrease in the number of antihypertensive drugs (7.6 ± 1.3 vs. 6 ± 2.2; P = 0.05), a trend towards reduced levels of systolic blood pressure (187 ± 36 mmHg vs 170 ± 44 mmHg; P = 0.10) and diastolic blood pressure (104 ± 18 mmHg vs 98 ± 20 mmHg; P = 0.20) was observed. Health status improvement resulted from a reduction of problems related to mobility, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. The magnitude of blood pressure reduction was not associated with improved quality in all of the patients. On the other hand, those who had a decrease in the number of antihypertensive drugs reported a better health status. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with resistant hypertension have poor health status scores. RSD improved quality of life in most patients. Further studies are required to confirm consistent benefits.


Urban railway transport that connects suburbs and city areas is characterized by uneven temporal and spatial distribution in terms of passenger flow and underutilized carrying capacity. This paper aims to develop methodologies to measure the carrying capacity of the urban railway by introducing a concept of the express-slow mode. We first explore factors influencing the carrying capacity under the express-slow mode and the interactive relationships among these factors. Then we establish seven different scenarios to measure the carrying capacity by considering the ratio of the number of the express trains and the slow trains, the station where overtaking takes place, and the number of overtaking maneuvers. Taking Shanghai Metro Line 16 as an empirical study, the proposed methods to measure the carrying capacity under different express-slow mode are proved to be valid. This paper contributes to the literature by remodifying the traditional methods to measure the carrying capacity when different express-slow modes are applied to improve the carrying capacity of the suburban railway.


Hairs are epidermal derivatives, the type, structure, and arrangement of which are related to the role of the mammalian pelage. Hair follicles probably evolved from amphibian apidermal excrescences which became modified into sensory pits of the reptilelike ancestors of mammals. Pelage affords insulation, is sensitive to external stimuli, may be modified for defense or display, assists in buoyancy and streamlining in water, and aids concealment on land. The basic grouping of hair follicles by threes (trio group) appears almost to have been lost in the Pinnipedia, in which other anatomical adaptations to an aquatic habit include flattened guard hairs, loss of erector (arrector pili) muscles and modified cutaneous glands. Periodic growth and replacement of the pelage is essential to survival. The pelage cycle is closely related to the annual cycle with respect to seasonal requirements dictated by the environment, such as climate and life processes, particularly reproduction. Different pelages occur at different stages of the life history and also according to varying seasonal demands, especially in arctic and subarctic terrestrial species. Hair growth and molting are established before sexual maturity,or even prenatally, and are inherent features in the biology of mammals. Nevertheless, pelage cycles are coordinated with respect to season (and hence the annual cycle) by the direct proximate stimulus of light acting through neuro-endocrine pathways. Pelage growth may also be regulated directly by nutritional status and, to some extent, indirectly by temperature and behavior. The pelage cycle must be regarded from the point of view of the whole process of follicular activity and fiber production, rather than simply the externally visible molt, if that unique mammalian characteristic, hair, is to be understood in its true biological perspective.


A 42 year-old female with a pancreatic mass and weight loss. Contributed by Mercia Gondim, M.D. and Howard H. Wu, M.D. Clinical history: The patient is a 45 year-old female with left upper quadrant abdominal pain and weight loss over the last few months. Abdominal CT scan demonstrated a 5.7 x 4.5 x 4.1 cm mass projecting off the pancreatic tail and adherent to the colon, highly concerning for malignancy. EUS (endoscopic ultrasound) with FNA (fine needle aspiration) and core biopsy were performed and the results suggestive of chronic pancreatitis, further investigation was recommended. Distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy and partial colectomy were performed. Gross examination: The pancreas and peripancreatic fat were indurated. No obvious mass was identified. The colon segment was firmly adherent to the pancreas Microscopic examination: Sections show pancreatic lobular inflammation (Figure 1) with a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate (Figure 2), storiform fibrosis (Figure 3) and acinar cells loss. The lobules maintained their original size and shape. Additionally, there is periductal inflammation with preserved ductal epithelium (Fig 4), and obliterative phlebitis. Elastic stain is performed to help identified the obliterated vein (Fig 5). The inflammation involved both the pancreatic parenchyma and peripancreatic fat. Immunohistochemistry for IgG4 (Figure 6) was performed and demonstrated more than 20 positive plasma cells per HPF.


This research aimed to analyze the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program on family's  well-being in Batulicin mining area, South Kalimantan. This study applied a combination of cross-sectional and retrospective design. The data were collected in Sarigadung village. Samples in this study were poor families,  whom distinguished by the benefits that received from CSR program. Samples were 70 families that selected  purposively; half were identified as CSR program receiver families while other difined as nonreceiver family of  CSR program. The results showed that more than three-forth of the samples considered CSR programs were  very positive. Generally, the family's income increased after followed CSR program. Number of poor families  under the poverty line decreased and the number of satisfied family increased. Total income of receiver families  of CSR program was higher than nonreceiver families. This research also found there was no significance difference between subjective wellbeing of receiver and nonreceiver families of CSR program. Factors that  affected objective family wellbeing were family size and the benefits of CSR, while the factors that influence  subjective family wellbeing were occapation status of wife and the benefits of CSR.


The paper presents a review of two articles on research design and methodology issues and the ethical issues in conducting a research. The aim of the review is to provide insight on research design related to effects of response rate and the issues of research methodology.


The authors present electronic-structure calculations on chain-like compounds modelling the various microscopic components present in hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films. They demonstrate that the electronic properties are mainly governed by the graphitic component. They describe the influence of polyethylenic, diamond-like polyphenylic, and polyolefinic components on the electronic structure and discuss the nature of possible defects leading to states in the gap.


The magnetic dilution of Vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc) within the isostructural diamagnetic Titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) affords promising molecular spin qubit platforms for solid-state quantum computing. The development of quantitative methods for determining how the interactions with a supporting substrate impact the electronic structure of the system are fundamental to determine their potential integration in physical devices. In this work we propose a combined approach based on X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), atomic multiplet calculations, and density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the 3d orbital level structure of VOPc on TiOPc/Ag(100). We characterize VOPc in different molecular environments realized by changing the thickness of TiOPc interlayer and adsorption configuration on Ag(100). Depending on the molecular film structure, we find characteristic XAS features that we analyze using atomic multiplet calculations. We use a Bayesian optimization algorithm to accelerate the parameter search process in the multiplet calculations and identify the ground state properties, such as the 3d orbital occupancy and splitting, as well as intra-atomic interactions. Our analysis indicates that VOPc retains its spin S = 1/2 character in all configurations. Conversely, the energy separation and sequence of the unoccupied V 3d orbitals sensitively depend on the interaction with the surface and TiOPc interlayer. We validate the atomic orbital picture obtained from the multiplet model by comparison with DFT, which further allows us to understand the VOPc electronic properties using a molecular orbital description.


Three categories of multi-component waveforms of lightning current, composed of three simulated return-stroke pulses and fifteen simulated M-component pulses along with the underlying background current, are generated by the ladder network formed by series connected inductor-and-capacitor elements. Two types of photodetectors, namely, a redlight sensitive one with a detection wavelength range of $200 \sim 1000$ nm peaking at 600 nm, and a near-infrared sensitive one with a detection wavelength range of $400 \sim 1000$ nm peaking at 800 nm, are used to record the luminosity of the discharge gap channel. Parameter correlations are analyzed between the simulated lightning multi-component current and the corresponding channel luminosity. Results show that the peak luminosity is linearly correlated with the peak current, and that there is also a linear relationship between the luminosity 10-90% rise time and current 10-90% rise time. Correspondingly, the resulting luminosity-time integral is linearly related to the current charge transfer. An important implication of this result is that the channel optical observation may well be suitable for the inversion of lightning current transfer charge. In general, however, compared to that from the red-sensitive photodetector, the luminosity waveform from the near-infrared sensitive photodetector is observed to better match the evolution trend of current, and this fact implies that it might allow for a more accurate estimation of the current transfer charge.


Student achievement is lower in communities with high incarceration rates. To investigate this relationship, we assemble a new dataset which matches students' academic performance to the court records of household members. Exploiting the exogenous turnover of judges (who vary in their tendency to incarcerate), we find that increases in the incarceration rate negatively impact the test scores of children in the community, including those who do not directly experience the incarceration of a household member. To explain this result, we show that (i) direct household exposure to incarceration adversely impacts student test scores and behavioral outcomes, and (ii) these effects spill over onto the academic performance of classmates. While smaller in magnitude per student, spillover effects aggregate to explain the majority of the causal relationship between community level incarceration and student achievement. Our results highlight important consequences of incarceration for access to opportunity within entire communities. JEL codes: K14, K42, I24, J13 *We thank Jason Baron, Steve Billings (discussant), Kara Bonneau, Ryan Fackler, Ethan Frenchman, David Hoke, Michael Mueller-Smith, Aurélie Ouss, John Rubin, and Jessica Smith for helpful conversations, and conference participants at the Texas Economics of Crime Workshop and NYU Law. We thank Dalya Elmalt, Joshua Coven, Abhinav Gupta, and Harry Kosowsky for superb research assistance. We are grateful to the North Carolina Education Research Data Center for their data assistance. This research received financial support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation through the NBER Household Finance small grant program. The protocol for this study has been approved by the NYU IRB (#1242). †Department of Finance, NYU Stern School of Business; Email: email@example.com; Web: arpitgupta. info. ‡Department of Finance, Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London; Email: chansman@imperial. ac.uk; Tel: +44 (0)73 80320232; Web: https://chansman.github.io/. §Department of Economics and ILR School, Cornell University; Email: email@example.com; Tel: +1 (607) 255-0395; Web: http://riehl.economics.cornell.edu/.


This paper investigates the problem of adaptive output tracking for a class of nonlinear systems in general lower-triangular form, which not only encompasses some important lower-triangular systems, but also expands the normal lower-triangular form to a more general case. The systems are classified into two cases: polynomial lower-triangular form and function lower-triangular form. Based on Lyapunov stability theory and modified power integrator approach, the adaptive controllers are designed to ensure the global stability property and practical output tracking. Examples and simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of design method.


Recently, manufacturers have highly interest of environmental issues and energy save for a global warming. Almost big manufacturers published an annual green report every year. They described a result of assessment by themselves. In a manufacturing system, it is difficult to estimate of usage energy, and also it is difficult to compare between other manufacturing systems. One of reasons is not to establish the standard for a evaluation method of manufacturing system. Therefore, JISC (Japan Industrial Standardization Committee) is proposing the new standard work item concerning environmental evaluation methods of manufacturing system to ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) TC184 (Automation systems and integration).


The field of compliance has exploded in interest, attention, and growth over recent years. It has emerged as a popular career path for those trained in the law, giving rise to an influx of job opportunities for new law school graduates and seasoned attorneys alike. Additionally, compliance has tightened the essential interplay between business and law. Numerous compliance officers hold J.D. degrees and many also serve simultaneously as both an organization's chief compliance officer and general counsel, thereby muddying the lines between which service constitutes the "practice of law," requiring adherence to professional rules of responsibility, or non-legal work, where such rules would typically not be applicable. This Article will analyze these important distinctions, as well as the lack of regulatory guidance for lawyers in the compliance function, by viewing the discussion largely through the lens of an often-unnoticed ethical rule—the American Bar Association's Model Rule 5.7—which requires lawyers to comply with the full range of professional conduct rules even when they are providing a non-legal "law-related service." This Article will argue that the compliance function is a near-precise fit for this rule and will propose reform to the current regulatory model to ensure that the interests of lawyers, as well as the recipients of their services, are protected to the most fruitful extent possible in today's compliance-driven era. While placing this examination in the context of current scholarly debate that challenges traditional "zealous advocate" models of attorney representation, this Article will claim that, without adequate and clear regulatory reform to establish guidelines for behavior, lawyers in compliance functions risk heightened personal liability due to potential ethical violations from their respective jurisdictions of admission. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 948 I. THE COMPLIANCE BOOM ........................................... 953 A. Influx of Lawyers in Compliance .............................. 953 B. The Role of Lawyers in Compliance ......................... 958 II. THE REGULATION OF "LAW-RELATED SERVICES" ...................................................................... 963 A. The Practice of Law ................................................... 963 B. Rule 5.7 ...................................................................... 969 III. LIABILITY CONCERNS FOR LAWYERS IN COMPLIANCE ................................................................. 978 * Jennifer M. Pacella is an Assistant Professor of Business Law and Ethics at Indiana University, Kelley School of Business. Prior to this academic appointment, she was a faculty member in the Department of Law of the City University of New York's Zicklin School of Business at Baruch College. Professor Pacella is a leading subject matter expert in organizational governance, whistleblowing law, and compliance, and is often contacted by the media for subject matter commentary in these areas. The author is grateful to James Fanto, Bruce Green, Sean Griffith, Veronica Root, and to the Business Law and Ethics Department at the Kelley School of Business and the Department of Law at the Zicklin School of Business, for their very helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article. The author also thanks the Academy of Legal Studies in Business for awarding this article a "Distinguished Proceedings Award" at its annual scholarly conference in 2019. 15 Pacella.docx (Do Not Delete) 5/31/20 12:08 AM 948 WASHINGTON LAW REVIEW [Vol. 95:947 A. Imprecise Fit of Professional Conduct Rules ............ 978 B. Inherent Tension Between Law Practice & Compliance Work ...................................................... 981 IV. PROPOSALS FOR REFORM .......................................... 987 CONCLUSION ............................................................................ 994


This purpose of this study is to examine into the gambling motives, irrational gambling belief, and gambling addiction of horse racing betting participants. to this end, after setting of horse racing betting participants to population, it used 283 copies as the finally research materials by utilizing the convenience sampling. the statistical techniques, which were used for the analysis of this study, included frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, by using SPSS 17.0. through these procedures, the following conclusions were elicited. First, the gambling motives had on effect on the irrational gambling belief. Second, the gambling motives had on effect on the gambling addiction. Third, the irrational gambling belief had on effect on the gambling addiction.


The present paper aims to analyse if the jurisdictional control of conventionality is an effective measure and if its application is possible in dispute settlement regarding environmental matters in Brazilian legal framework, according to the current understanding of the Inter-American Human Rights System. Thus, it discussed the relevance of having internal norms whose validity (and effectiveness) are also compatible with the international framework, whose examination is made through control of conventionality, with primary responsibility falling to Brazilian judges and courts by force of competence attributed by the various internal normative sources and in accordance with the latest interpretation of the Inter-American Court in Advisory Opinion OC-23/17. One concludes that the contemporary global reality calls for norms that accompany scientific and technological advancement without neglecting protection to the environment and to human rights. Therefore, the environmental jurisdictional control of conventionality is a possible and necessary measure to be applied in dispute settlement, aiming not only to avoid a regression in environmental matters, but also to enable and advancement towards sustainable development. The employed methodology, regarding the means, used the deductive and descriptive method, through doctrine, jurisprudential and bibliographic analysis, seeking to reach the objectives of the research. As to the ends, the research approach was qualitative.


Green synthesis has recently attracted extensive attention from scientists all over the world for the production of metal nanoparticles. Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) have been demonstrated as a suitable supplement nutrient for the replacement of selenium ions in terms of safety and efficiency. This work presented a friendly and facile approach to synthesize the Se NPs using polyphenols content in the Cleistocalyx operculatus (CO) leaves extract. The synthesizing conditions were optimized to obtain the Se NPs with uniform distribution and shape. The prepared Se NPs were well-characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy diffractive spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The resultant Se NPs were in spherical shape with the particle size in a range from 50–200 nm. The antimicrobial properties of Se NPs were investigated against Echerichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which showed reasonable activity. The acute oral toxicity of Se NPs in mice was also studied. The result indicated that Se NPs exhibited lower toxicity than that of SeO2 with the lethal concentration (50% death of mice) of 7.75 mg kg−1.


Purpose: In the context of image-guided therapy, MR images with good spatial and temporal resolution, good spatial coverage, good SNR and excellent contrast characteristics are often desired and rarely attained. To reap the benefits of the superior contrast capabilities of MRI one may need to sacrifice somewhat the temporal resolution. A hybrid MRultrasound setup was developed so that the very high acquisition rates achieved by the ultrasound (US) system might help compensate for a slower and presumably higher-quality MR acquisition (Fig. 1). The setup and algorithm utilized here can track organ motion during regular breathing and also detect/handle the more drastic motion involved in coughing or gasping.


The paper presents design, analysis and fabrication of a 1.71 Kg. quadruped robot which incorporates four bar chain leg mechanism as its locomotion element. The main objectives of this paper are mechanical design, gait analysis and fabrication of quadruped robot. Quadruped robot designed and fabricated here involves 8 degrees of freedom which are controlled by servomotors and it walks on flat terrain using symmetrical gaits viz. trot and pace. Its locomotion is controlled by controlling angular rotation of servomotors.


Branch target buffers, or BTBs, are small caches for recently accessed program branching information. Like data caches, the set of intercepted addresses is divided into equivalence classes based on the low order bits of an address. Unlike data caches, however, complete resolution of a single address from within an equivalence class is not required for correct program execution. Substantial savings are therefore possible by employing partial resolution, using fewer tag bits than necessary to uniquely identify an address. We present our analysis of the relationship between the number of tag bits in a branch target buffer and prediction accuracy, based on dynamic simulations of the SPECINT92 benchmark suite. For a 512 entry BTB, our results indicate that, on average, only 2 tag bits are necessary to obtain 99.9% of the accuracy obtainable with a full tag. This suggests that existing microprocessors can achieve substantial area savings in BTB tag storage by employing partial resolution.


This study aimed to explore the following: 1) the impact of Champ4Life's intervention on intuitive eating and food reward; and 2) associations between changes in eating behavior and changes in body composition.


Objective: To explore the clinical significance in the determination of the changes in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in patients with unstable angina (UA). Methods: The serum levels of hs-CRP, TnI and CK-MB were measured by latex scattering immunoassay, sandwich ELISA and enzyme immunoassay for 63 patients with UA and 40 patients with stable angina (SA), respectively. Results: The level of serum hs-CRP was 6.34±1.69 mg/L. As compared with SA group (2.21±0.96 mg/L) and the healthy group (1.10±0.64 mg/L). The serum level of cTnI was 8.60±8.34 μg/ L. As compared with the the SA group (2.47±1.79 μg/L) and the control group (1.94±1.94 μg/L), there were no significant difference in serum CK-MB level (P 0.05). Conclusion: Minor myocardial damage occurs in patients with UA, and inflammatory reaction is an important pathogenic factor. cTnI is a specific and sensitive indicator in the judgment of minor myocardial damage. hs-CRP has its significance in the pathogenesis of UA.


The optimum conditions for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of Eucommia seed protein were studied by single factor and orthogonal test method.The solid-liquid ratio,ultrasonic time,ultrasonic temperature,extraction pH value were selected as single factor to study experimental conditions of Eucommia seed protein extraction process,and then optimum process conditions were determined by L9(34)orthogonal test.The experimental results showed that the optimum conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of Eucommia seed proteins were as follows:solid to liquid ratio was 1∶25,ultrasonic time 30min,ultrasonic temperature at 50℃,extraction pH value of 10.0.Under this condition,extraction rate of Eucommia seed protein was 77.03%.


Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been widely accepted as an excellent characterization method in physics, chemistry, and biology as well as medical diagnosis. In this paper we show the applicability of NMR to archaeological polymer science. Mummies of three gentlemen are well preserved in Chusonji Temple in Northeastern Japan. They are Kiyohira Fujiwara, Motohira Fujiwara, and Hidehira Fujiwara, all belonging to the Fujiwara clans who governed Northeastern Japan in the 12th century. All of them were wound in silk. 13C solid-state high resolution NMR spectra were observed for these silks with the aid of the CP (cross polarization)/MAS (magic angle spinning) technique. For the convenience of comparison, SEM (scanning electron microscope) patterns were observed. From the former the fraction of Silk I1 (antiparallel β-sheet) structure was calculated, while from the latter the cross section and the circularity coefficient [l] of filament were determined. The fraction was defined by the ratio of in...


Objective To investigate the changes of cerebral superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA)and nitric oxide(NO) after intrauterine fetal distress in rats in order to defermine whether hypoxic ischemic brain damage(HIBD) occurred in uterus. Methods Fetal distress model was made by clamping the vessels supplying to fetal rats. Group A(13 pups)was clamped for 5 minutes, group B(10 pups) and C (11 pups) was for 10 and 20 minutes respectively. Group D(13 pups) worked as control 1. After clamping for 10 minutes, Group E (11 pups) was reperfused for 5 minutes, and F(8 pups)for 20 minutes, Group G(10 pups) with no reperfusion as control 2. The level of SOD, MDA and NO in cerebral tissues were measured. Results The activity of SOD in group B and C decreased significantly than that of control 1( P 0.05 , 0.01,). MDA in group C, NO in group B and C increased significantly ( P 0.05,0.05,0.01 respectively). Among reperfusion groups, SOD, MDA and NO changed greatly only in group F ( P 0.01,0.05,0.01). Conclusion Changes of cerebral SOD, MDA and NO after severe intrauterine fetal distress is similar to that of being seen in HIBD. So the newborn's HIBD might have started in uterus after severe fetal distress.


This study was conducted to evaluate variations pattern in selected mechanical properties of stem and branch woods of Khaya grandifoliola with a view to identifying its utilization potentials. Wood samples were collected from Khaya grandifoliola in the Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Khaya grandifoliola tree was felled and sectioned into main boles, primary and secondary branch woods. Fifty centimetres (50cm) length bolts were obtained from the base, middle and top of the stem, two (2) primary branch woods and four (4) secondary branch woods. Bolts from the main bole were partitioned into innerwood, middlewood and outerwood sections of the radial and longitudinal positions at base 10, middle 50 and top 90% of the tree height. Planks were also obtained from the central portion of the bolts of primary and secondary branch and were further converted into test samples. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The mean value of impact bending strength of stem wood was 1970.62 J/m 2 . Primary and secondary branch woods had mean values of 1778 J/m 2 and 1812.93 J/m 2 , respectively. The mean value of maximum compressive strength parallel to the grain of stem wood was 43.13 N/mm 2 . Primary branch wood had mean value of 43.41N/mm 2 , while the secondary branch wood had mean value of 44.31N/mm 2 .The mean value of Modulus of Rupture of stem wood was 65.46 N/mm 2 . Primary branch woods were 66.57N/mm while the secondary branch woods were 62.88 N/mm 2 . The mean value of Modulus of Elasticity of stem wood was 11468.29 N/mm 2 . Secondary and Primary branch woods had mean values of 13599.76N/mm 2 and 12069.82N/mm 2 respectively. The study revealed that wood from tree branches had similar characteristics with stem wood; and would perform same functions in wooden structures. Keywords: Impact bending strength, maximum compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, utilization


Abstract : Time histories of representative maneuvering flight were used to compute the power spectral densities of pertinent aircraft motions. Peak distributions were also examined. The analysis has shown that the mission and the type of air craft are the two most important factors which influence the probability of occurrence of peak motions. The spectral analysis has shown that the predominant frequencies present in maneuver motions, and which appear to be closely related to peaks in the time histories, are not necessarily the natural frequencies of rigid air frame response such as Dutch roll and short period. A statistical model representative of maneuvering motion time histories is briefly described.


This document discusses the design of our Knight Sweeper vehicle. Knight Sweeper is an autonomous vehicle designed to detect any metallic objects and avoid obstacles during its route of navigation. Once detection occurs the vehicle is designed to identify region of detection and avoid collision with the actual metallic object or obstacle in its way. Knight Sweeper will be able to operate in a manual mode as well as in autonomous mode. The project itself uses various hardware components to achieve its overall task. These components are GPS module, compass module, serial camera, wireless RF module, ultrasonic sensors, and metal detecting circuit. Index Terms — Autonomous, IED detector, obstacle avoidance, metal detector.


The extraction rate constant ( k f) of palladium(Ⅱ) extracted by n octyl p ( t butyl)phenyl sulfoxide was measured using a constant interfacial area stirring transfer method. The molecular structures of four substituted sulfoxides as well as their palladium(Ⅱ) complexes were optimized via ZINDO/1 semiempirical quantum chemical modeling methods, and the influence on the structures of extractions to the extraction rate was also discussed.


According to the provisions of the German standard of involute splines DIN5480 published in 2006,this paper discusses the basic approach to designing splines based on DIN5480.Several issues which should be aware of in the design and calculation are accounted for.In the end,a design instance is provided,which can be available for reference in the application of the DIN5480.


ABSTRACT i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ii

LIST OF FIGURES iii

LIST OF TABLE iv

INTRODUCTION 1

Part.1.Establishment of Optimal Culture Conditions for Mass Production of Clinical Grade, Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Introduction I 7

Materials and Methods I 10

Results I 14

Discussion I 26

Part. 2. Comparative study of MSCs with genetically modified MSCs

Introduction II 30

Materials and Methods II 33

Results II 38

Discussion II 46

REFFERENCES 49

국문요약 63


Studies were carried in the shivalik mountain range with an aim to document the indigenous knowledge on the ethno medico folklores of Dogras. During the surveys in the area and interaction with the local populace 67 plant species were recorded which were deeply interwoven in Dogra culture. These plant species were used to cure a varied range of diseases and ailments using diverse plant species and plant parts. The most frequently plant parts used were roots, leaves, flower, seed, bark, fruit etc. in some cases whole plants were used.


We consider the dephasing of two internal states |0⟩ and |1⟩ of a trapped impurity atom, a so-called atomic quantum dot (AQD), where only state |1⟩ couples to a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC). A direct relation between the dephasing of the internal states of the AQD and the temporal phase fluctuations of the BEC is established. Based on this relation we suggest a scheme to probe BEC phase fluctuations non-destructively via dephasing measurements of the AQD. In particular, the scheme allows to trace the dependence of the phase fluctuations on the trapping geometry of the BEC.


We report the development of a tunable, low-noise, all-fiber, single-frequency, linearly polarized high-power master oscillator power amplifier operating over 20 nm, from 1017 nm down to 997 nm. Using Ytterbium highly-doped silica fiber with large mode area, more than 3 W of 997 nm signal was obtained with less than 2% of ASE. These figures keep improving with operating wavelength, to reach more than 16 W and 0.03% of ASE at 1017 nm. The optical signal to noise ratio exceeds 40 dB for the worst case up to more than 60 dB. In addition, relative intensity noise remains very low over the whole tuning range (−130 dBc@10 kHz) down to −160 dBc at 10 MHz. This robust laser has a strong potential to be a new workhorse for demanding applications in this spectral range.


Female Glebula rotundata (Lamarck 1819) were examined every two weeks from August 1978 through November 1979. The population was reproductively active, i.e., marsupium functioning as a brood pouch, from March through early October. Females recharge soon after discharging glochidia larvae, thus initiating another cycle. Each female clam may reproduce three times a year. This reproductive cycle is atypical of other Lampsilini. Two species of sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus and Lepomis macrochirus, served as suitable hosts for G. rotundata under laboratory conditions. Glochidia successfully metamorphosed after attaching to gill filaments and fins of these species. Our studies suggest that fish near large populations of G. rotundata avoid parasitism by G. rotundata glochidia, and recruitment of young clams is low. Glebula rotundata larvae were found on two estuarine fish species Trinectes maculatus and Anchoa mitchilli, which may explain the occasional presence of G. rotundata in estuarine habitats.


An 18-year-old man with a known glioblastoma multiforme, previously treated with de-bulking, chemotherapy, radiation and steroids, underwent a repeat craniotomy after presenting with several days of intractable vomiting and headache. Postoperatively, he developed progressive delirium, bilateral sixth and seventh nerve palsies, dysphagia and ascending weakness of the upper and lower limbs. Within five postoperative days, he was quadraparetic, areflexic and had marked extraocular muscle and facial weakness, dysphagia, dysphonia and respiratory muscle weakness. The patient was started empirically on intravenous immunoglobulin for suspected Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The following day, lumbar puncture demonstrated elevated protein (1.96g/l; normal <0.45), and a reduced glucose (0.5 mmol/l) and elevated red (4125x106 per litre) and white cell (214x106 per litre) counts in the cerebrospinal fluid (the red cells were felt to be related to surgery). The cell differential included 69% neutrophils, 3% lymphocytes, 15% monocytes and 13% blast-like cells. Gram stains and cultures of the cerebrospinal fluid were negative.


The pitting potential (E pit ) of single-crystal beryllium in 0.01 M sodium chloride decreased with crystallographic orientation in the order (0001) > (1010) > (1120). Orientations which were associated with the lowest E pit, (1010) and (1120), were characterized by crystallographically oriented parallel plates of unattacked Be on the pit interior and square pit walls. While pit geometries in the (0001) surface appeared to be random, corrosion propagation was often in the (1010) and (1210) families of directions. Potentiostatic current/time data revealed that metastable pitting was characterized by two types of transients: (i) transients with a lifetime <1 s, similar in shape to the current/time data observed in the repassivation process, and (ii) transients whose lifetimes lasted 5-140 s and were associated with physical damage on the sample surface. The nucleation frequency of repassivation events was directly proportional to passive current density and inversely proportional to applied anodic potential. Although the frequency and magnitude of damage events increased with increasing applied anodic potential for any given orientation the total accumulated damage was greatest for orientations with the highest E pit . Prepassivation resulted in a decrease in the frequency of repassivation events but had only minimal effect on the frequency and magnitude of the damage events. The results are discussed in terms of physical bulk metal properties as well as critical pitting environments (i,e., ohmic and mass transport models).


The author analyzes social and cultural conditions of youth leadership development and formation in Russia. The emphasis is laid on the urgency and importance of effective leaders training. The author studied the development of social leadership forms among young people in Saratov region.


Objective:To explore the regularity of activity in M.fuscus.Methods:The complexion of activity was observed by aptotic place and the rate of capture was surveyed by using the clip in M.fuscus on the ground.Results:1.The M.fuscus could be seen at anytime in the day and night,but there were more activity in the day and the least activity and more young M.fuscus in the night.2.Frequency of activity in different age and sexual M.fuscus had a accordant at anytime.3.There were the most frequency of activity in 10:30~12:30 and 14:30~16:30.Conclusions:In summer and autumn,frequency of activity in the day was higher than the night,there were two apex in the day and night,its frequency of activity was affected by factors of environment.


Background. The demand for rice is increasing at this time when rice importation has been banned in Nigeria. This study investigated the Adoption of Improved West African Agricultural Productivity Programme improved rice production technologies in Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria.
Material and methods. Semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection from seventy-two farmers who were randomly selected and interviewed.
Results. The result showed that 85.7% of the rice farmers were male with mean age of about 42 years, 73.6% were married. The mean household size is five persons. About 18% of the respondents had no formal education; a good number of farmers adopted the improved technologies. Education level, Marital Status and Farming Experience influenced adoption of the technologies, and were positive and statistically significant at 5%. This implies that as the rice farmer increase the tendency to adopt improved technologies, their propensity to farming also increase. Double log was choosing as the lead equation and the result revealed an R2 value of 0.754, which implies that 75% variation in the adoption of WAAPP rice technologies is explained by the variables included in the model, and F ratio was also significant at 1%, indicating goodness of fit.
Conclusion. Major constraints include disease and pest; scarcity and high cost of inputs; inadequate rural road network; Lack of mechanization on rice production. Efforts should be made to link farmers to agro-input dealers for adequate, quality, and timely input supplies.


In light of the disease treatment engineering at K288+500~K289+950 section of Beijing-Tongliao railway line,the author analyzes the stability of the roadbed after the treatment using numerical simulation method,studies the thermal stability of frozen soil,and carries out systematical and overall research into the temperature field of roadbed,which has significance to guide road design theory and engineering construction in frozen soil area.


The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the land use intensity, then propose suggestions for land intensive use and provide reference to the regulation of rural residential areas based on the village cadastral survey. The method of principal component analysis was employed in this paper. The results indicated that the village land intensive use level of studied areas was low, with one village in extensive utilization, two in low utilization, seven in moderate utilization and none in intensive utilization. Based on the evaluation result analysis, suggestions for the land intensive use were put forward, such as control the land use scale strictly and make village planning scientifically and reasonably, use the idle land and idle homestead rationally and improve the land use efficiency; perfect the system of homestead and promote the land intensive utilization.


 The Law of Ukraine No. 2801-XII of 11/19/1992 "Fundamentals of Health Legislation of Ukraine";  "Instruction on Procedures for Assisted Reproductive Technologies", adopted by the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 787 of 09/09/2013;  The Family Code of Ukraine, adopted by the Law of Ukraine No. 2947-III of 01/10/2002;  Provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine of Ukraine pertaining to contractual obligation;  The Law of Ukraine 07/01/2010 No. 2398/VI "On Vital Statistics Registration";  "Rules for Vital Statistic Registration in Ukraine", adopted by the Order of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine No. 52/5 of 10/18/2000;  The Law of Ukraine No. 2235-III of 01/18/2001"On Citizenship of Ukraine";  The Law of Ukraine No. 3929-XII of 02/04/1994 "On Legal Status of Foreigners and Stateless Persons".


In certain welded constructions (e g. trails pipes) the weld root is no longer accessible after its completion. As a result, the weld root defects cannot be visually observed. Under these circumstances the root must be examined with ultrasounds on the other accessible side of the seam. The paper .presents the results of the flaw examination which was subject to an pipe, butt welded, made it with coated electrodes


During the early years of 1950s and 1960s,the outstanding characteristic of rural private credit was that credit in kind was activie. The role of credit in kind changed from leading role to supporting role,and then to leading role. In this period,the reason that credit in kind became the main credit in rural was the result of avoiding inflation risk and cutting down trade costs selected by both of borrowers and accommodators under a turbulence situation,inflation,natural disaster and other unusual situations.


The sharp edges of most precision machined surface must be 'broken', which involves rounding them or adding a flat chamfer. Part longevity, human safety during handling, and proper performance of the component is the intended application of this edge breaking. Traditional visual inspection or single-trace metrology is insufficient to assure parts are within specifications. This paper will present a handheld, 3D-measurement device using polarized structured light which allows for rapid, simple, shop-floor measurement of edge break, chamfer angles, and other precision part geometries. A variety of component measurements will be presented along with studies on accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility in real-world environments


A CFD simulation of the air velocity in a subway tunnel section of 1400 m in length is presented. In this case of study; the simulation compares the air velocity changes when two of six natural ventilation ports are totally obstructed. They are required for hot air exhaust, smoke release and fresh air intake. The mechanical ventilation system is located inside the tunnel at 650 m from the end of a passenger platform and 750 m from the other, it is a non-symmetrical scenario. The simulation was carried in ANSYS® Fluent compared with NFPA calculation and considering geometries and dimensions of an actual subway section of the Mexico City. Four different numerical models were created to analyse eight different cases. The results indicate that the obstruction of the ports create a non-homogeneous distribution of the flow velocity inside the passenger platform with an approximate difference of 1.5 m/s. This value is very important in cases when the backlayering effect has to be avoided as in the case of smoke transportation, exhaust of smoke and the transport of dust or some other contaminant. The emergency procedures and the design of escape routes can be improved by considering the physical changes occurring when the ventilation ports are obstructed. Since the atmospheric pressure influence the direction and velocity of the flow coming from the non-obstructed vents. (Received in September 2016, accepted in February 2017. This paper was with the authors 1 month for 2 revisions.)


A dynamic model of the induction motor developed using Simulink/MATLAB that is beneficial for use in undergraduate electric machines and power electronics courses is presented. The model can be used to study the dynamic behavior of the induction motor, or can be used in various motor-drive topologies with minor modifications. The motor model presented is based on the T-type d-q model of the induction motor. A block model approach is used in the construction of the motor model that will allow students to resolve reference frame theory issues. The model developed is intuitive, easy to use, and allows all motor parameters to be easily accessed for monitoring and comparison purposes. The model presented is capable of being used with various inverter topologies and PWM schemes with minor modifications.


ATP‐sensitive potassium channels (K‐ATP channels) play a key role in adjusting the membrane potential to the metabolic state of cells. They result from the unique combination of two proteins: the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR), an ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) protein, and the inward rectifier K+ channel Kir6.2. Both subunits associate to form a heterooctamer (4 SUR/4 Kir6.2). SUR modulates channel gating in response to the binding of nucleotides or drugs and Kir6.2 conducts potassium ions. The activity of K‐ATP channels varies with their localization. In pancreatic β‐cells, SUR1/Kir6.2 channels are partly active at rest while in cardiomyocytes SUR2A/Kir6.2 channels are mostly closed. This divergence of function could be related to differences in the interaction of SUR1 and SUR2A with Kir6.2. Three residues (E1305, I1310, L1313) located in the linker region between transmembrane domain 2 and nucleotide‐binding domain 2 of SUR2A were previously found to be involved in the activation pathway linking binding of openers onto SUR2A and channel opening. To determine the role of the equivalent residues in the SUR1 isoform, we designed chimeras between SUR1 and the ABC transporter multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 (MRP1), and used patch clamp recordings on Xenopus oocytes to assess the functionality of SUR1/MRP1 chimeric K‐ATP channels. Our results reveal that the same residues in SUR1 and SUR2A are involved in the functional association with Kir6.2, but they display unexpected side‐chain specificities which could account for the contrasted properties of pancreatic and cardiac K‐ATP channels.


The aim of this thesis is the development of a continuous time rainfall-runoff model and the application to the Muson dei Sassi creek for flood forecasting. The spatially distributed mathematical model developed is based on the geomorphological theory of the hydrologic response. The model gives good results in the evaluation of the peeks both in the long term and for single flood events


Endometriosis is the condition in which tissue like that of the uterine mucosa occurs outside the uterus. The disease of women, often affects the pelvis but may involve other area, including skin. The histogenesis of the endometriosis is not clearly established despite the various theories that has been presented. The prevailing theories include. 1. Transtubal regurgitation of menstrual blood. 2. The celomic metaplasia doctrine. 3. Lymphatic dissemination. 4. Hematogenous spread.


study analyzed both incidence and mortality figures of pancreatic cancer for 185 WHO member states for 2020. Also, our study analyzed international patterns in trends of incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer in the last three decades by sex and by age groups. One of the major strengths of our study is the use of the GLOBOCAN database, the large population-based datasets, whereby the trends analysis was conducted only for countries with quality of data that was classified as high or medium quality level. Finally, the described international patterns and trends in pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality over time may be useful in generating hypotheses about risk factors for pancreatic cancer.".


The present invention concerns a platinum (II) four-coordinant complex having the formula: wherein Ry is an alkyl diamine or cycloalkyl diamine and R2and R3are an alkylcarboxylato containing from five to ten carbon atoms. The Ry is preferably trans-D.L-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, trans-R.R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, _ trans-S,S-1,2-diaminocyclohex-ane, cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane ethylene diamine or 1,1-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane. The R2 and R3 are preferably neohexanoato, neoheptanoato, neononanoato, neodecanoato, neooctanoato, neopentanoato, 2-ethylhexanoato, 2-ehtylbutyrato, 2-propyl- propanoato, 2-methyl-2-ethylheptanoato, 2,2-diethyl-hexanoato, 2,2-dimethyl-4-ethylhexanoato, 2,2-diethyl-4-methylpentanoato, 2,2-dimethyloctanoato, 2-methyl-2-ethylheptanoato, 2,2-diethylhexanoato, 2,2-diethy]l-4-methylpentanoato or 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentanoato. In an important further aspect, the present invention involves preparation and therapeutic use of a liposome comprising a phospholipid and a four-coordinate platinum complex having the formula: wherein Ry is an alkyl diamine or cycloalkyl diamine and R2 and R3are analysis of cis-bis-2-methyl-2-ethylhep- (trans-S.S-1.2-DACH) platinum (II) respective percentages for C; H; and N of 47.77%: 8.01%; and 4.15%: as compared to the calculated percentages of and


I analyze the impact of competition on the risk premia of R&D ventures engaged in a multiple-stage patent race with technical and market uncertainty. After solving in closed-form for the case of a two-stage race in continuous-time, I show that a firm's risk premium decreases as a consequence of technical progress and increases when a rival pulls ahead in the race. Compared to the case where firms collude, R&D competition (i) erodes the option value to mothball a project (ii) reduces the completion time and the failure rate of R&D and (iii) causes higher and more volatile in risk premia. Numerical simulations reveal that competition can generate risk premia up to 500 annual basis point higher and up to three times more volatile than in a collusive industry.


Fungi and bacteria are known to effectively biodegrade petroleum hydrocarbon. Fungi are reported to be more efficient in Co-Metabolism of organic matters. In this study, isolation and characterization of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading fungi in municipal drainage bio-sludge has been undertaken by microscopic and macroscopic methods. Eight different strains of fungi were isolated and identified. These include Aspergillus niger, Candida species, Penicillium species, Mucor species, Rhodotorulla species, Rhizopus and Trichorderma species. and Cladospermorium species. All these fungi have been shown by various studies to degrade divers type of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs). The population of total hetetrophic fungi identified ranges from 1.24x104 to 1.71x105 cfu/g while the population of hydrocarbon degradation fungi ranges from 2.1x103 to 9.71x104 cfu/g. The ability of Fungi to degrade different constituents of petroleum hydrocarbon make them an important element in biodegradation technology and this study has shown that municipal drainage biosludge obtained from the Niger Delta has the potential to be harnessed as a rich source of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading fungi. It is recommended that further research on petroleum hydrocarbon degrading fungi diversity in municipal drainage biosludge be undertaken with view to optimizing it use as bioremediation agent. DOI: 10.29011/AESET-113.100013


Introduction: Pulp necrosis is a common consequence of extrusive luxation in mature teeth with complete apical closure. In this report, the researchers presented a case with severely extruded mature mandibular incisors (more than 5 mm), which did not lead to pulp necrosis. Case Presentation: The case was a nine-year-old female with severe dentoalveolar trauma to the anterior maxillary and mandibular region, as a result of a bicycle accident. The treatment consisted of mandibular alveolar bone and central incisors repositioning. After 18 months of follow-up, no sign of pulp necrosis was observed. Conclusions: In young patients with severe extrusive luxation and closed apices, there is the potential for pulp survival, and early endodontic treatment should be avoided until signs of pulp necrosis is observed.


The main topic is to make a study on the reliability and invalidity mechanism of traversing pipelines in case of soil liquefaction. Some earthquake engineering problems, such as prediction of seismic site, intensity, frequency, duration and so on are solved by using grey theory. This paper also deals with the soil-liquefaction and field-assessment and introduces a new way called grey relationship analysis.


This program lists the abstracts of 49 posters exhibited at the Partnership Practices event held March 1, 2011 in the Quebec Street Mall, Guelph.


The influence of strong magnetic field on the 1/f noise in AlGaN/GaN metal‐oxide‐Semiconductor heterostructure field effect transistors (MOSHFETs) has been studied. The independence of 1/f noise on the magnetic fields up to 10 T where the strong geometric magneto‐resistance has been observed, shows that the carrier number fluctuations is the dominant mechanism of the noise in these devices. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Ways of synthesis of powerful high-frequency transistor amplifying stages input matching circuits on a basis of the decomposition approach are shown. Frequency response characteristic of the power transfer efficiency of the stage are analyzed as the separate transistor units characteristics total that allows optimizing the input power distribution in the matching band.


Ethyl 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylate(1) was synthesized from ethyl 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylate(2) by hydrolysis with 40% hydrobromic acid to give 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid(4),followed by esterification with ethanol in the presence of trimethyl chlorosilane with an overall yield of about 52.1%. Also compound 1 was hydrolyzed directly from 2 in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride in 1,2-dichloroethane with a yield of 66.9%.


Background Fibulin‐2 is a 195‐kDa protein belonging to a novel family of extracellular matrix proteins that might be involved in microfibril and elastic fibre organization.


Purpose: To examine how lifestyle, health behavior, and health indices best predict health status in underserved adults. Data sources: Eighty‐four underserved adults from a nurse‐managed center completed an investigator‐developed instrument to measure lifestyle, health behavior, and health indices. The SF‐12 Health Survey measured general (SF‐1), physical (PCS), and mental (MCS) health status. Conclusions: The majority of the sample was female (64%). Sixty‐three percent were at or below 200% of the federal poverty level. For nonsmokers, five independent variables accounted for 47.1% of the variance in SF1 (p < .000), 33.5% in PCS‐12 scores (p < .001), and 23.2% in MCS‐12 scores (p = .017). For smokers, six variables accounted for 48.7% of the variance in SF1 (p = .024), 41.7% in PCS‐12 scores (p = .067), and 25.4% in MCS‐12 scores (p = .378). Implications for practice: Findings provide partial support for the impact of lifestyle and health behaviors on health status outcomes. Focusing concurrent interventions on improving multiple behaviors may have the greatest impact on health status outcomes.


Music Applications are connected to Human emotions that are not consistent and they are actually result of circumstances happening in individuals. Music is one of the best ways to relieve pressure in stressful modern society life. It unites us across markets, ages, backgrounds, languages, preference[1]. Youths are so obsessed that not only day chores even during rest time they prefer music. Music Application have a high demand as this can be used anytime, anywhere, and can be combined with daily activities, travelling, sports. With the rapid development of mobile network and digital music technologies, digital music has become the mainstream consumer content sought by many young people. Nowadays, the internet is growing fast and a large group of people has access to the internet, but people always prefer songs of offline.


Immunotherapy for cancer has had an often colorful and controversial history, dating to investigations by William Coley at Memorial Hospital in the late 19th century. Our molecular understanding of the innate and adaptive immune response in infection, autoimmunity, and cancer has advanced significantly in the last few decades, which has opened avenues by which rational approaches to immune manipulation for cancer therapy may be pursued. We are close to the aim of seeing positive results in large randomized controlled studies that demonstrate the use of immunotherapy for cancer. Since in the last year there has been good news that increases enthusiasm for the use of immunotherapy in advanced malignancies. Recently presented phase III data suggested that a cancer vaccine can result in increased survival in prostate cancer patients refractory to chemotherapy, and interleukin-2 with a vaccine has importantly been shown to result in prolonged relapse-free survival compared with interleukin-2 alone in advanced melanoma. The positive results of the first phase III trial that establishes a role for immune regulatory antibodies as part of the cancer armamentarium that prolong survival has recently been made public, generating the foundation for a nascent field of investigation that evaluates the role of either abrogation of the function of immune regulatory molecules that are suppressive or stimulation of immune molecules that amplify immunity. Based on promising data in metastatic disease, several large ongoing, randomized, well-powered studies of immunotherapy in the adjuvant setting after resection of clinically evident disease will test the idea that immunotherapy is best used in the presence of minimal residual cancer. Recent investigations in cancer immunotherapy have exploited virtually every known facet of the innate or adaptive immune response that has been shown to be deficient in the tumor bearing host. If there is a sea change in this approach to cancer immunotherapy, it is the recognition that immune suppression and immune regulation are aberrant at every level in cancer as established in murine models and confirmed in clinical correlative studies. In this edition of The Cancer Journal: The Journal of Principles and Practice of Oncology devoted to the topic "Immunotherapy of Cancer," we describe how each step in the immune response that is defective in cancer has been a focus for translation to clinical trials. Antigen presentation has been explored by the adoptive transfer of ex vivo-generated dendritic cells and artificial antigen-presenting cells. Vaccine approaches have been somewhat disappointing thus far in cancer, but new vehicles, adjuvants, and combinations with chemotherapy finally suggest that we are one step closer to realizing clinical benefit from vaccination. New knowledge on mechanisms of costimulation and signal transduction in effector T and natural killer cells has spawned a new field of translational research, and the results of the randomized trial in metastatic melanoma cited above constitutes proof that the field of immune regulation is a promising field for exploitation for the clinician. Abrogation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 with human antibodies represents a new paradigm for cancer therapy, and the host of immunoregulatory molecules that are targets for future trials will be reviewed. The use of ex vivo growth and gene transfer for generation of large numbers of tumor-specific T cells, and the means to eliminate or neutralize suppressive cell populations similar to regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells during and after their adoptive transfer is in its infancy. The field of adoptive cell therapy shows great promise and will be reviewed in detail. Soluble factors such as chemokines and cytokines that are produced by both host effector cells and the tumor itself play a significant role in the ongoing host response to cancer. Reversal of those effects and the definition prospectively of chemokine–cytokine gene signatures associated with good and bad outcomes will shed light on new ways to overcome host influences that alter immunity. So many immune approaches have never been poised before for regulatory approval in cancer therapy, which will likely lead to an explosion of new knowledge and clinical trials in the years to come.


The invention discloses a kind of Kufil nano-functional material and its preparation method and application, belong to metal nano functional material and environmental protection technical field.The Kufil nano-functional material is prepared from using the technique of backflow reduction plus mixing quenching.By the regulation and control of solution system before reaction, the controllable collaborative SCM of copper, silver element is successfully realized, and then acquisition grain diameter is homogeneous, favorable dispersibility bimetallic nano functional material.The Kufil nano-functional material has good sterilization, anti-microbial property and excellent response characteristics to light, can directly as it is a kind of sterilize, the quanta point material in anti-biotic material and photoelectric functional material field, solve that nano-noble metal sterilization material is costly and unit nano metal quanta point material photoresponse narrow range and single problem.


. The effects of water vapor, reduced oxygen concentration, and chlorinated solvent vapor on the ignition of various sizes of samples of unalloyed and alloyed plutonium have been studied. Storing unalloyed plutonium lathe turnings in moist atmospheres reduces the ignition temperature, but storing plutonium 1- wt % gallium alloy lathe turnings in moist atmospheres raises the ignition temperature regardless of the moisture level. Adding nitrogen to reduce the oxygen concentration does not, generally, change the ignition temperature. However, the intensity of the reaction is reduced, and at low concentrations ignition is pre vented. The presence of carbon tetrachloride vapor lowers the ignition temperature of plutonium, but the presence of perchloroethylene vapor has no affect.


The treatment status and progress in T cell lymphoma including epigenetic involved mutations that control DNA and histone methylation were reported and intensively discussed in 2014 international T cell lymphoma forum.According to the theory,treatment with HDAC inhibitor belinostat and romidepsin for peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) can achieve 29 %-38 % overall response rate (ORR) and 13.6 months median relief time.NK/T cell lymphoma in southeast asia is a common malignant lymphoma,15 %-28 % of the NHL accounted in China and Japan for,which is significantly higher than that in the European and American countries,mainly related to EB virus widespread infection.L-asparaginase enzymes,such as SMILE and AspMetDex,can make the early cases with more than 70 % long-term survival rate,advanced cases with 40 % response rate.Some new drugs,such as pralatrexate,combined with romidepsin can be used in PTCL cases to improve the complete remission rate.

Key words:
Lymphoma, T cell;  Epigenetic;  Histone;  Deacetylase inhibitor


In present paper,a method to predict the gas fraction was developed by use of RAND algorithm of non-stoichiometry based on the equilibrium theory.This method was validated by comparing the calculation result of a 1000t/d Texaco gasifier and the data in a published reference.Then the effect of temperature on the syngas components was investigated using this method.The results can be referenced for the design and operation of a gasifier.


This article describes the phenomenon of fantasy in Aristotle's doctrine, it presents the arguments in favor of the fact that fantasy is a separate faculty of soul and clarified the role of fantasy as a mediator between sensation and thought.


Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) usually show a tremendous better clinical outcome compared to their HPV-negative counterparts. Although the HPV associated survival advantage is partially explained by the enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in HNSCC (Clin Ca Res 2018, 24(23): 6001), the underlying mechanisms are still poorly elucidated. Cisplatin causes DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) that requires Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway for DNA repair. Consistently, our study showed that HPV-positive HNSCC cells exhibited a FA defective cellular phenotype. In clonogenic cell survival assay, 1h treatment with 5μM cisplatin eliminated approximately 56.7% more HPV-positive HNSCC cells than HPV-negative ones. Furthermore, HPV-positive cells treated with cisplatin showed prolonged G2/M cell cycle arrest and more 53BP1 foci, indicating profound deficiency in repairing ICLs. Consistent with these findings, increased aberrant chromosome formation was observed in HPV-positive cells following Mitomycin C treatment. In order to reveal the mechanism, we further interrogated HPV-labeled HNSCC samples in TCGA database, and identified XPF, an endonuclease protein in FA pathway, was downregulated in HPV-positive HNSCC. Further analysis of cellular and clinical samples confirmed that both mRNA and protein expressions of XPF were significantly lower in HPV-positive HNSCC (P<0.001). To test the importance of XPF in HPV-induced cisplatin sensitivity, we performed a cell viability assay, and found that knock-down of XPF increased the effects of cisplatin on HPV-negative HNSCC by 39.54% (± 4.42%), while no significant change was observed in HPV-positive HNSCC (P>0.05). Notably, inhibition of XPF function by a small molecule inhibitor recapitulated the effect of HPV, resulted in enhanced error-prone DNA repair with alternative end-joining (alt-EJ). In a probe-based ddPCR assay, XPF inhibition increased 32.02% (± 5.80%, P<0.001) alt-EJ events in HPV-negative HNSCC cells, while little difference was detected in HPV-positive cells. Thus, we speculated that combined inhibition of XPF and alt-EJ may improve clinical outcome in the difficult-to-treat, HPV-negative HNSCC, which worth further research efforts.
 Citation Format: Qi Liu, Nan Zuo, Lin Ma, Lanlan Wei. Disruption of XPF function by HPV promotes alternative end joining and sensitivity to cisplatin in HNSCC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6213.


In the last few years it has been found, both theoretically and experimentally, that interactions among different transverse modes may produce complicated patterns, vortices and spatiotemporal chaos in active and passive optical systems [1]. In a passive nonlinear resonator with high Fresnel number but where only a few modes are selectively excited, symmetry broken patterns and vortices have been observed. We find that, in our system, the total number of vortices in any one pattern is generally small and the total topological charge is zero. Among the symmetry broken structures observed in our experiments, we find a recurrent sequence that is similar to one particular sequence observed in an experiment performed in a laser.


Abstract The drug delivery system (DDS) is a hot spot in the field of medicine due to their favorable characteristics, such as the realizability of targeted therapy, sustained and controlled release of drug. Ceramic materials have abundant desirable properties, such as simple preparation, adjustable size and structure, surface area to volume ratio, desirable stability under physiological conditions and excellent biocompatibility, etc. Hence they have been successfully applied in the field of DDS considerably in decades, acting as drug carriers. Traditional ceramic materials refer to inorganic solid compound. They are mainly composed of carbides, oxides such as hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, silica, zeolite, and zirconia, etc. This review summarized the applications of the ceramic materials in the field of DDS in recent years, meanwhile the outlooks of future development were also proposed.


with the reflecting boundary condition. (1.2) determines a transition probability Q(s, x t, dy), s, t [a, b], 0 < a 4 b < Since (Q(s, x t, dy) ;s (0, el} is tight because of (1.1), we can chose (s) 0 so that (1.3) Q(0, 0; t, dy) lim0 Q(s, (s) t, dy) exists, but the limit Q(0, 0; t, dy) depends on and is not uniquely determined in general. We will discuss this problem and its implication to the origin of universes in terms of a Skorokhod problem with singular drift x/t. 2. A Skorokhod problem. Instead of (1.2) with the moving reflecting boundary we consider a two-sided Skorokhod problem with singular drift


The invention discloses a control method and device for a hybrid electric vehicle. The method includes the steps that when a control module judges that the hybrid electric vehicle is in a hybrid power mode currently and an engine is started, an SOC target point set by a user is received and sent to a motor controller; a current SOC value of a power battery is obtained by the motor controller; when the motor controller judges that the SOC target point is equal to the current SOC value, whether the engine can meet the whole vehicle drive requirement independently or not is judged; if the engine cannot meet the whole vehicle drive requirement independently, the motor controller further judges whether the difference value between the current SOC value and the SOC target point belongs to a preset range or not; and if the difference value between the current SOC value and the SOC target point belongs to the preset range, the motor controller controls the energy feedback and electric quantity recovery of a motor. By the adoption of the method, the setting function of the SOC target point is introduced so that a driver can conduct target control over the electric quantity of the power battery of the hybrid electric vehicle.


Ephemeral gullies (EGs) play a crucial role in hydrological connectivity, soil erosion, and land degradation. However, little research has focused on flow hydraulics in concentrated flow channels and their effects on EG erosion on steep loessial slopes. A simulated experiment of rainfall (60–120 mm hr−1) and upslope inflow (0.45–2.25 m2 hr−1) were conducted on concentrated flow channels with loess at 15°–25° slope gradients. The concentrated flow was turbulent and subcritical in most cases. The flow shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power in the concentrated flow channels varied from 32.65 to 109.40 N m−2, 10.85 to 38.66 N m−1 s−1, and 0.08 to 0.16 m s−1, respectively. The EG depth, width, and width‐depth ratio varied within 14.8–24.6 cm, 18.5–33.8 cm, and 1.13–1.83, respectively. Moreover, the EG depth and width increased in a power function with the runoff rate (R2 = 0.82–0.83; p < 0.01). The sediment yield rate (Ys) varied within 15.94–94.44 g m−2 s−1 under the different treatments and had a good linear relationship with the runoff rate (R2 = 0.78; p < 0.01). Furthermore, the flow shear stress and stream power can be used to predict Ys by linear functions. The critical runoff rate and shear stress to initiate EG erosion were determined to be 0.09 m3 hr−1 and 2.66 N m−2. However, the coefficient of determination for the linear relationship between Ys and shear stress was low (0.58). The results indicate that the flow shear stress mechanism might not be enough to explain sediment load variation for EG erosion, and headcut erosion mechanism should be taken into account.


Hepatic sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS) is a rare drug-induced fibrous occlusive hepatic entity. Up to now, there is no perfect therapy to avoid SOS, therefore, new curative options are clearly needed. The current research pointed to explore the probable protective effect of sildenafil against monocrotaline (MCT)-induced SOS, and to further identify the underlying mechanisms. Sildenafil was given to rats for 7 days orally (5 mg/kg/day). In the fourth day animals fasted and given 90mg/kg MCT. Twenty-four hours after last dose of sildenafil administration, liver tissue and blood were collected to evaluate SOS. Results revealed that sildenafil amended oxidative stress in liver tissue as indicated by the significant increase in hepatic GSH level. Furthermore, sildenafil treatment significantly decreased the expression of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell injury markers (hyaluronic acid (HA), Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1(PAI-1) and CD34, plus platelet aggregation markers (CD41 and P-selectin), as well as serum transaminases and hepatic caspase-3 activities. Additionally, macroscopic and histopathological examination of liver tissue augmented our biochemical findings. In conclusion, sildenafil markedly reversed the complicated and multifactorial pathophysiological state of SOS induced by MCT through its cytoprotective, thromboresistance effect on hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. Thereby, sildenafil proves to be a promising new therapeutic agent for SOS.