In France and in Europe, ITS assessment methods have known a recent development in mainly within research activities. Even though the related knowledge has increased, theoretical methods remain difficult to apply in practice, therefore new tools and recommendations should be given to field engineers. The experience gained through more than ten years of research show that concepts such as user acceptance, and system transferability still need to be addressed in more depth if ITS deployment is to be supported. (A*) For the covering abstract see ITRD E110327.


Software engineering establishes that the task of building programs must be addressed in the same way that other engineers build complex systems. Transaction processing systems are not the exception. In order to deal with some of the challenges of programming these solutions, this article introduce a framework, which proposes to build a base of common concepts, obtained from the analysis of pre-existent solutions, and experiences of the developers involved. This elicitation of common concepts is done iteratively, and its outputs are elements of the framework herein introduced. Therefore, it is given a formalization of this framework, through an implementation of a MDD technique (Model-Driven Development). Specifically it was implemented a DSM methodology which proposes to build a DSL (domain-specific language). This DSL is comprised by the domain elements found on the base framework, and it also enables semi-automatic code building through a translation specific tool. By these means, it is expected to foster reusability of components, decreasing maintenance costs, as well as summarizing collective knowledge of the domain spread through workforce's experience.


A serologic basis for the identification of Herellea vaginicola and its differentiation from Mima polymorpha was presented. The validity of this serologic typing was confirmed on the basis of a small number of physiologic tests given in this paper. Thus, the immediate need of the clinical laboratory for simple diagnostic methods to differentiate Herellea from Mima and other related organisms is met. Fluorescent antibody (FA) serotyping, with the current number of types, provided a rapid means of identifying 79% of all Herellea examined. Serotyping may prove useful in future epidemiologic studies. Twenty-eight serotypes of Herellea were established, using FA and Quellung reagents. Both tests were based on the detection of specific capsular antigens rather than on a mixture of capsular and broadly reactive somatic antigens. Serotyping with FA reagents proved to be a specific test and a simple one to interpret. Fluorescent antibody typing indicated that Herellea capsular antigens were, with very few exceptions, unrelated to those of Mima polymorpha . Agglutination tests, upon which most previous studies were based, were totally unreliable for separating the two genera. When accompanied by more sophisticated physiologic testing, FA typing may assist materially in the classification of the bacteria which make up the species Herellea vaginicola , Mima polymorpha , and related species or genera.


I am delighted to introduce the inaugural issue of the International Journal of Care Coordination (IJCC). The journal's gestation began with a call for papers in April 2014. This has resulted in an influx of submissions by authors from different countries, clearly illustrating the relevance of care coordination for different healthcare systems throughout the world. The IJCC was formerly published as the International Journal of Care Pathways. Under the former title, the journal has produced 49 issues over 16 years, starting in 1997. For this achievement as well as for building such a solid basis, I would like to express my thanks to all members of the editorial board and the authors who contributed to the journal. One of the most important reasons for the journal to renew itself is the growing demand for as well as supply of various strategies to improve the delivery of healthcare and their outcomes. In this light, care pathways remain of interest to the IJCC. Additionally, the IJCC aims to focus on other improvement strategies captured under the words 'care coordination'. The IJCC has adopted the working definition of care coordination, as defined by McDonald et al. as part of the Care Coordination Measures Atlas. According to this definition:


In a complex production process attached to every unit are considerable quantities of data that provide many details regarding process performance. On many occasions, although this data is collected in a database or in some cases manually, output is never generated from this data. Often the data is reviewed by operators or engineers but because of its complexity no real conclusions are drawn from it and hence the data is never used to take action or make appropriate decisions. This work explores the theme that the use of information transformed from data is critical in making the necessary decisions and actions in a problem solving process. This methodology is carried out in solving significant yield and rate problems of a ribbon bonding process used to produce state-of-the-art surface radars at Raytheon Company. Transforming data into information particularly through the use of visual tools became essential in determining root causes by bringing forward underlying issues. This led to increased confidence in making the right decisions and ultimately led to implementation of process improvement solutions. Work for this thesis resulted in several process improvement initiatives as well as the implementation of an automated data management tool designed using extensive visual controls to provide real-time process feedback to operators. The process improvement initiatives involved implementation of a new cleaning process prior to ribbon bonding as well as the design, manufacture, and implementation of a work stage that added heat to the bonding process. These process improvement initiatives resulted in the elimination of the yield and rate problems and led to cost avoidance savings of over $2.6M for the first two radars. More importantly, the lessons learned from the methodology introduced in this work and used to solve ribbon bond process problems will lead to lower production costs on all future radars. Thesis Supervisor: Daniel E. Whitney Title: Senior Research Scientist Thesis Supervisor: Roy E. Welsch Title: Professor of Statistics and Management Science


Latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) is found to play an important role in development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), to which the main current approach was radiotherapy. However, the role of silencing LMP2A in the radiosensitivity of NPC cells has not been clarified. In this study, we inhibited LMP2A expression by lentivirusmediated RNAi, to explore the effects of silencing LMP2A on the radiosensitivity of NPC cell line C666-1. A lentivirusmediated RNAi technology was employed to specifically knock down the LMP2A gene in C666-1 cells, whose expression was detected by Western blotting. Clonogenic survival assay and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the clonogenic cell survival, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of C666-1 cells after irradiation. We successfully construct a highly efficient and stable lentivirus vector, which efficiently down-regulates the expression of LMP2A gene in the infected cell line C666-1. Down-regulation of LMP2A significantly decreases the radiobiological parameters (SF2, D0, Dq), and the specific down-regulation arrests cells in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle and increases cell apoptosis after irradiation. Our findings suggest that lentivirus-mediated RNAi silencing targeting LMP2A enhanced the radiosensitivity of NPC cell line C666-1, and LMP2A may be a potential target for radiotherapy in treatment of NPC.


A device for measuring radioactive impurities in gas is developed, consisting of an electrostatic collection type radon detector and an extremely low radioactivity proportional counter. This device measures the radioactive impurities released by materials into the gas and a filtering test for radon removal from gas. The performance of the newly developed proportional counter was evaluated by measuring radon rate. The calibration factor of $^{222}$Rn as 27.4$\pm$0.2~count/day/mBq and the background rate of $^{222}$Rn as 0.84$\pm$0.13~mBq were estimated.


Salmon Rushdie is speaking in this quotation of Indian writers like himself, who live and write in Britain and for whom the 'remains' of their past lives can take on an even 'greater status, greater resonance' in a new setting. This concept may assist in our understanding of the Irish Australian poet, Fionan Mac Cartha, or William Carty, who wrote much of his poetry in the Irish language and whose English language poems also contained Irish language words. For Mac Cartha the poet there was but one home, Ireland, and one language that spoke of home, the Irish2 language.


We describe a new high temperature environment based on aerodynamic levitation and laser heating designed for neutron scattering experiments up to 3000°C. The sample is heated to the desired temperature with three CO2 lasers from different directions in order to obtain a homogeneous temperature distribution. The apparent temperature of the sample is measured with an optical pyrometer, and two video cameras are employed to monitor the sample behavior during heating. The levitation setup is enclosed in a vacuum-tight chamber, enabling a high degree of gas purity and a reproducible sample environment for structural investigations on both oxide and metallic melts. High-quality neutron diffraction data have been obtained on liquid Y3Al5O12 and ZrNi alloy for relatively short counting times (1.5h).


The invention relates to the technical field of electric energy quality of digital substations of an electric system, and provides a method for analyzing electric energy quality harmonic waves of a digital substation. The method comprises the first step of receiving real-time sampling data x[n] sent by a merging unit (MU) of the digital substation, the second step of carrying out software digital filtering on the received real-time sampling data x[n] to filter out higher harmonic waves and disturbing signals to obtain the system frequency, the third step of acquiring the sampling rate of the digital substation and carrying out corresponding harmonic wave and inter-harmonic wave analyzing according to the acquired sampling rate to obtain the analyzing result, and the fourth step of carrying out subsequent index operation and interface display on the electricity energy quality according to the analyzing result in the third step and sending the electricity energy to a master electricity energy quality analyzing station. The method can meet calculation demands of harmonic waves and the inter-harmonic waves under various sampling rates, the calculation amount can be greatly reduced, and the actual engineering application demands can be met.


Based on the theory of optical wave propagation in the slant path and the ITU R turbulence structure constant model which is altitude dependent,the modified Rytov method,which is applicable to the propagation in the horizontal path,is extended to the propagation in the slant path. According to the zero inner scale spectrum model,the scintillation index as a function of the Rytov variance is obtained in the weak to strong fluctuation regions with plane wave incidence. Finally, the scintillation index with different zenith angles is discussed in detail


The LHC nuclear program has started with a run at √ s=2.76 TeV per nucleon pair in 2010. The first data with a reduced luminosity confirms most of the trend s observed in the last ten year's program at RHIC. The strong elliptic flow points to a small vis co ity of the produced medium; the large jet quenching points to a large density; quarkonia is suppressed and promises to be an excellent tool for temperature measurements; finally the pa rtonic wave function of the nuclei is subject to strong screening effects which can be understood fr m saturated parton densities. The theoretical approaches checked in the last ten years provid e also a good understanding of these findings. At the same time, new experimental probes as recons tructed jets call for new theoretical developments. Here I present a small overview of the theoret ical status of hot and dense QCD from the point of view of its application to the nuclear progr am at LHC and RHIC, focussing on some of the observables.


Aim To investigate the association of cornual-fundal location of the placenta and breech presentation at term delivery. Methods This study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Novi Sad, in 2011. The inclusion criteria were delivery at ≥37 weeks of gestation, singleton gestation, and cornual-fundal location of the placenta determined by ultrasonography at ≥37 weeks of gestation when 3/4 or more of the placenta was in the cornual-fundal region. Results Out of 2750 ultrasound examinations performed, 143 showed cornual-fundal location of the placenta (frequency 5.2%). Eighty six cases had cephalic presentation (60.14%) and 57 (39.86%) had breech presentation. Of the remaining cases with non- cornual-fundal location, 2585 had cephalic presentation and 22 (0.84%) had breech presentation. The difference in the frequency of breech presentation between the cornual-fundal and non-cornual-fundal groups was significant (χ2 = 77.78, P < 0.001). Conclusion Cornual-fundal location of the placenta may be an important clue in resolving the etiology of a number of cases of breech presentation at term delivery.


In this paper, we present a methodology to use assertions in network-based designs to facilitate debugging and monitoring of SoCs. We rely on our assertion-checker generator (MBAC) to produce efficient RTL-level checkers from high-level temporal assertions, with optional debugging features. We further have built tools to encapsulate the source design with assertion checkers generated by MBAC and to coordinate the sending of management flits. Further details of the debug infrastructure are presented as well.


People are the most important asset of any organisation, and all employees are entitled to the highest consideration for their safety while in the workplace.


With the help of analytic method of velocity vector, the relation between absolute and relative velocity of light and velocity of light source is revealed. Then the formula of relation between light-wavelength change and tangential and radial velocity of light source is presented and the conclusions listed below are reached: (1)The light-wavelength change is determined together by tangential and radial velocity of light source; (2)Doppler effect is a special case of above-mentioned formula, (3)When the radial velocity of light source equals 0, the light-wavelength change is all determined by the tangential velocity of light source and the quicker it′s tangential velocity is, the shorter the light-wavelength; (4)When the tangential and radial velocity of light source both does not equal 0, the light-wavelength is changeless under certain condition.


The design of a repairable redundant computer is discussed using the Von Neumann multiplexing scheme. The general considerations, as well as the reasons for selecting this type of redundancy, are given. A reliability model of the redundant equipment is presented with resulting curves for estimating the reliability improvement and the additional cost of the redundant equipment. The mean time between failures of a typical redundant computer is shown to be several orders of magnitude greater than that of the nonredundant version of the same computer.


In an experimental carbon black plant of the channel type, the effect of channel height, draft control and gas composition on the properties of the carbon has been examined. The channel height was shown to be the most important variable. The rubber reinforcement and the yield of the carbon vary in a similar manner with the channel height at which the carbon was recovered. The sorption of the iodine and methylene blue increased almost logarithmically with the channel height. No direct relation between reinforcement and sorption is possible over the whole range, although the very high sorption obtained at greater channel heights was accompanied by a retarded cure. Sorption was increased by heating the blacks. The volatile content is high at low channel heights, passing through a minimum at the point of optimum yield. This test showed even poorer correlation with rubber reinforcement. Apparent density varied directly with channel height.The effect of draft control upon reinforcement, sorption, and volatile c...


The articles in this Focus section are devoted to fictional works that take episodes in the history of science as their topic and to the use of fictional techniques in popular histories of science. Along with specifying the obvious defects of many such texts as works of history, the authors are looking to identify literary techniques that might usefully be adopted by historians. Careful reading of some of the best works of fiction can yield a further benefit, since they may raise fundamental issues about the certainty with which we can know the past and the means by which we can represent it in historical writing. C . P. SNOW'S CLAIM THAT SCIENCE AND LITERATURE constitute "two cultures" has often been echoed in the almost half-century since it was put forward. It has been invoked, for example, to justify the pedagogical importance of the history of science. At the same time, commentators have regularly complained about the holes in Snow's analysis, about his neglect of the traffic across the purported barrier between the two cultures. Recent years have seen many examples of literary writing that takes science as its subject, including poetry, drama, and novels. At the same time, fictional and literary motifs have found their way into popular and even scholarly writings on the sciences. Snow himself was the author of several novels centered on the personal and moral dimensions of scientific research. The Search (1934) featured a young man discovering his vocation under the influence of a charismatic older scientist, a character apparently based on J. D. Bernal. The New Men (1954) focused on the development of nuclear fission during World War II. And The Affair (1960) told of a scandal surrounding a case of apparent scientific fraud.1 Sinclair Lewis's Arrowsmith (1925) had pointed the way for * Department of History, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3586. 1 On Snow's career and work see C. P. Snow, The Two Cultures, with an introduction by Stefan Collini (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1993); John de la Mothe, C. P. Snow and the Struggle of Modernity (Austin: Univ. Texas Press, 1992); and David Edgerton, "C. P. Snow as Anti-Historian of British Science: Revisiting the Technocratic Moment, 1959–1964," History of Science, 2005, 43:187–208. 756 FOCUS—ISIS, 98 : 4 (2007) Snow in exploring the fictional possibilities of laboratory science. His most prominent successor has been Carl Djerassi, Nobel Prize–winning chemist and one of the discoverers of the birth control pill, who has dubbed the genre "science-in-fiction." Djerassi's works include the novels Cantor's Dilemma (1989) and The Bourbaki Gambit (1994) and the plays Oxygen (coauthored with Roald Hoffmann; 2001) and Calculus (2003). They concentrate on the ethics of scientific research, on the role of ambition and competitiveness, and on the place of the individual scientist in the collective. A Web site devoted to what it calls "LabLit" celebrates work of this kind, distinguishing it from the more generally recognized "science fiction" by its concentration on the realities of scientific practice in the present rather on than imaginary future scenarios.2 Other contemporary novelists whose work has given serious attention to the ideas and practices of the sciences include Rebecca Goldstein, Ian McEwan, Peter Ackroyd, Richard Powers, and Harry Mulisch. More to the point here, several fiction writers have apparently been paying attention to the research of historians of science, at least to judge by their treatment of historical individuals and topics in their books. Iain Pears's An Instance of the Fingerpost (1998), an ingenious multiply told narrative about a murder in Oxford in the 1660s, seems to depend quite heavily on the works of Robert Frank, Steven Shapin, Simon Schaffer, Michael Hunter, and other scholars. John Banville's novels Kepler (1981) and Doctor Copernicus (1976) rely on historical writings on early modern astronomers, including Arthur Koestler's The Sleepwalkers (1959). Janna Levin's A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines (2006) unabashedly makes use of biographical studies of Alan Turing and Kurt Gödel. Neil Belton's A Game with Sharpened Knives (2005) draws on biographies of Erwin Schrödinger to give a brilliant reconstruction of his years in Dublin during World War II. Nicholas Mosley's Hopeful Monsters (1990) leads its readers from 1930s Cambridge to the Manhattan Project, and Alan Lightman's Einstein's Dreams (1993) takes them into the purported nighttime fantasies of the twentieth century's most famous physicist. In the same category, one could mention works by Umberto Eco, Allen Kurzweil, A. S. Byatt, Sebastian Faulks, and Neal Stephenson. Finally, Thomas Pynchon's fictional creations rest on massive research efforts that clearly include immersion in numerous primary sources. It is nonetheless striking that his preoccupations frequently chime with those of historians of science: eighteenth-century astronomy, geodesy, and navigation in Mason and Dixon (1997) and mathematics, physics, and philosophy at the turn of the twentieth century in the recent Against the Day (2006). To what degree have historians of science been aware of this development or tried to respond to it? Russell McCormmach's Night Thoughts of a Classical Physicist (1982) is still unique, to my knowledge, as a novel about the history of science by a professional scholar in the field.3 Perhaps it is not to be expected that historians will turn into novelists en masse. Short of this, however, they might try to learn what they can from the novelists' techniques. The popularity of fictional history of science suggests a widespread demand for factual knowledge of the subject, if only it can be cast in a digestible form. Can 2 http://www.lablit.com (accessed 5 June 2007). 3 Russell McCormmach, Night Thoughts of a Classical Physicist (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1982). Ken Alder was a novelist before he became a historian of science and has returned to experiment with fiction in one of his articles: Ken Alder, "History's Greatest Forger: Science, Fiction, and Fraud along the Seine," Critical Inquiry, 2004, 30:702–716. Since writing this, I have learned of Rebecca Stott's novel about Newton, Ghostwalk (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2007). Stott was previously the author of Darwin and the Barnacle (London: Faber & Faber, 2003). FOCUS—ISIS, 98 : 4 (2007) 757 F O C U S historians learn to modify the standard forms of the scholarly article and monograph to reach this wider audience? This is one question explored in the essays that make up this Focus section. Rather than fearing works of historical fiction as threats to professional identity, the authors seek to learn from them about the popular historical consciousness they reflect. Historical fiction can easily be criticized as naive or inaccurate; such criticism is often warranted and sometimes necessary. But the genre can also be seen to raise fundamental questions about literary form and historical content or, as Kathy Olesko puts it, about the relationship between narrative structure and historical epistemology. The situation can be described by Clifford Geertz's phrase "blurred genres."4 Historical and fictional writing are generically distinct and likely to remain so. But the line between the two has been blurred by elements of style and content diffusing from one side to the other. On the one hand, novels such as Denis Guedj's The Measure of the World (2001) and Daniel Kehlmann's Measuring the World (2006) adopt the findings of historians as the basis for fictional creations. And on the other, writers such as Dava Sobel and Janet Gleeson purvey "true stories," carefully researched and accurate in detail, that nonetheless employ certain techniques of fictional narrative. The essays that follow identify some of these techniques and isolate their defects from the point of view of professional scholars. Specialist historians, with their detailed knowledge of the context in which a novel is set, are always likely to find some aspects of the fictional portrayal implausible. Charles Gillispie voices some telling criticisms of Guedj's novel and is able to show, by comparison with the works of Koestler and others, how the novelist's craft has yielded some much more distinguished creations. There has been a general tendency among novelists to isolate heroic figures from their settings and to cast their opponents unjustifiably in the role of villains. Historians usually strive for a more neutral view. They may also resent the tendency of popular writers to adopt a style that conceals the work of historical investigation and confirms rather than challenges prevailing stereotypes. Such criticisms are perfectly legitimate, but to stop at this point would be to overlook the potential of historical fiction to raise more profound questions. As Olesko in particular argues, fictional works can lead us to reflect on the craft of the historian, especially on the way plausible narratives are shaped from the findings of research. John Gascoigne criticizes Sobel for her failure to reproduce the labors and uncertainties of the historian's investigative pathway. Lawrence Principe would also like to see this done, and he suggests ways in which historians' work could feature in fictional narrative without breaking the continuity of the text. There are other kinds of contemporary fiction that do in fact explore the epistemological standing of history itself. By using specific narrative techniques, they lead readers to ask about how historical knowledge is achieved and what degree of certainty it can attain. A particularly accomplished example, from the genre of drama rather than the novel, is Michael Frayn's play Copenhagen. Originally produced in London in 1998, then on Broadway in 2000, and subsequently in many other locations, the play has become the object of significant critical attention and the focus of more than one


A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of wireless sensor nodes forming a temporary network without the aid of any established infrastructure or centralized administration. In such an environment, due to the limited range of each node's wireless transmissions, it may be necessary for one sensor node to ask for the aid of other sensor nodes in forwarding a packet to its destination, usually the base station. One big issue when designing wireless sensor network is the routing protocol to make the best use of the severe resource constraints presented by WSN, especially the energy limitation. In this paper, we propose a new scheme called EBMR: Energy-Balancing Multipath Routing Protocol that uses multipath alternately to prolong the lifetime of the network.


Social scientists have long recognized that higher levels of human capital—a person's knowledge and skills—contributes to one's own economic success. The human capital stock at a regional level can also contribute to local economic vitality. As the U.S. economy has shifted away from manufacturing and the distribution of goods to the production and dissemination of knowledge and ideas, human capital has become increasingly important to local economies. Regions with higher levels of human capital tend to have greater amounts of economic activity, more rapid economic growth, and their workers tend to be more productive and earn higher wages. Thus, building regional human capital is an increasingly important component of local economic development strategies. Colleges and universities have an important role to play in this regard. Human Capital & Local Economic Activity While human capital includes a wide array of knowledge and skills, a college degree represents a significant piece of human capital development. Figure 1 shows the relationship between human capital ("HC Stock" - measured as the share of the adult population with a college degree) and economic activity (measured as GDP per capita) for metropolitan areas within New York State. New York City (NYC), Albany, and Rochester have relatively high levels of both human capital and GPD per capita, while Binghamton, Glens Falls, and Utica rank relatively low on both counts. While the positive correlation between human capital and economic activity is clear, other factors contribute to differences in economic activity. For example, NYC's economic activity is especially high; it benefits from its dense economic environment and the amount of physical capital that has been invested in the area. By contrast, although Ithaca has a relatively high level of human capital, its large share of students tends to push down the GDP per capita. Moreover, this positive correlation does not necessarily establish a causal link. In fact, causality may well run in the opposite direction—higher levels of economic activity may lead to an increase in human capital levels if highly skilled people are attracted to more productive places. Taking these issues into account, recent research on a broad set of U.S. metropolitan areas


The effects of intravenous injections of aminophylline on the coronary blood flow, cardiac oxygen consumption, cardiac work, and cardiac rate were studied by catheterization of the right ventricle and coronary sinus in anesthetized dogs. There was no substantial increase in coronary flow when cardiac activity increased following injection of the drug; this suggested that the oxygenation of the myocardium in general was not improved. Further studies on coronary blood-oxygen saturations substantiated this concept as pertaining to the infarcted heart of dogs as well as the normal. Nitroglycerin however increased general myocardial oxygenation in normal hearts.


PURPOSE: A device for distributing/storing large image data of a GIS(Geographic Information System) and a managing method thereof are provided to distribute/store the large image data not stored in a single system to many image databases, and to support operations such as integrated search and modification. CONSTITUTION: A map viewer(110) searches/outputs spatial geographic information. An image viewer(120) searches/outputs the image data. A large image data distributing/storing/managing component(130) communicates with the map viewer and the image viewer, distributes/stores the large image data not stored in the single database to many image databases, and manages access/integrated search/management for the distributed large image data like one database. A server(200) comprises a distributive storage information database(210), image databases(220), and a spatial geographic database(230).


Glauber's salt is a promising phase change thermal energy storage compound because of its low price, suitable phase change temperature (32.4/sup 0/C), high latent heat (3.665 x 10/sup 5/kJ/m/sup 3/) and the availability of a suitable nucleating agent (Borax). However, segregation due to incongruent melting is a serious problem associated with Glauber's salt. Mechanical mixing in devices like rotating drums has been shown in the past to prevent segregation, but these devices often have a very low heat transfer area per unit storage area. Encapsulation of Glauber's salt in small particles increases the heat transfer area per unit storage volume enormously and helps alleviate the segregation problem. Mechanical mixing of the capsules and their contents is also much easier and more efficient than mixing the entire storage volume. In this study, a mixture consisting of 96% Glauber's salt and 4% Borax was encapsulated in 25 mm diameter hollow polypropylene spheres with 5% air space in each sphere to increse the mixing efficiency. Agitation and heat transfer were provided by fluidizing the spherical capsules with water in a pilot-plant-scale (340 mm diameter, 1.37 m free height) column. The instrumentation of the system was capable of supplying data for accurate and detailedmore » energy balances. A closed water recirculation system allowed the superficial velocity to be varied without changing the heat input or output from the system. The capsules were tested for impermeability in water and in air for a period of one year and proved to be completely impermeable.« less


The authors describe a circuit simulation, analysis and optimization software which can utilize the most common parallel processing hardware, i.e. the workstation network. The parallel processing ability has been implemented using an easy-to-use but powerful methodology. The efficiency of this methodology is demonstrated in terms of both CPU and programmer time. The feasibility of converting even large existing software systems for at least partial parallel execution is demonstrated. With a suitable set of tools the amount of changes which are needed is small. Despite the limited bandwidth of an Ethernet network, a set of networked computers can be used as an efficient parallel processor for some of the problems in electronic design automation.<<ETX>>


Electric field dependence of optical modulation in self assembled InAs quantum dot waveguides have been studied at 1300 and 1500 nm. Electro-absorption and electro-optic coefficients of these waveguides have been obtained at both wavelengths.


Purpose: The mandibular ramus sagittal split osteotomy is a common procedure in cosmetic surgery. A late complication of this procedure, pseudoaneurysm rarely happens. The purpose of this case is to present our experience that is rare late vascular complication after mandibular ramus sagittal split osteotomy.Methods: A 21-year-old male was operated by local plastic surgeon for treatment of mandibular prognathism. After 9 days, the man was transferred to our hospital with persistent bleeding and swelling on the mandibular area. We operated the man three times and failed to control hemorrhage. Therefore, we did angiography and found the pseudoaneurysm on the buccal and pterygoid branches of internal maxillary artery. Then we did selective embolization for removal of the pseudoaneurysm. Results: The man was operated using the therapeutic embolization, and the pseudoaneurysm was removed. The results were successful, and we couldn't find any bleeding and the pseudoaneurysm during the follow-up of 12 months.Conclusion: The selective embolization is the good therapeutic method of late vascular complication after mandibular ramus sagittal split osteotomy.


Limited options for controlling herbicide-resistant weedy rice and barnyard grass in Arkansas rice has led to the exploration of alternative herbicide sites of action (SOA). Very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA)-inhibiting herbicides have been used successfully in US row crops and Asian rice production for control of annual grasses and smallseeded broadleaves but are not labeled for use in US rice. Preliminary experiments have indicated adequate rice tolerance to acetochlor and pethoxamid; however, limited weed control information in rice systems is available. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate weed control with early-season applications of acetochlor and pethoxamid on weedy rice and annual grasses in rice. In separate experiments, microencapsulated acetochlor at 1050 and 1470 g ai ha-1 or pethoxamid at 420 and 840 g ai ha-1 was applied alone delayed preemergence (DPRE), at spiking, 1-2 leaf, and 1-2 leaf rice. In both years, injury less than 10 and 20% was observed for all acetochlor and pethoxamid treatments, respectively, 2 weeks after treatment (WAT). Both herbicides controlled barnyard grass >92% and suppressed weedy rice 33 to 63% 2 WAT. Regardless of application timing or rate, acetochlor and pethoxamid reduced weedy rice density relative to the non-treated 4 WAT. Control of weedy rice, barnyard grass, broadleaf signal-grass, and large crabgrass was maximized when either herbicide was applied DPRE or to spiking rice and generally decreased as application timing was delayed. Furthermore, control of weed species early in the season influenced rough rice yield, as the highest yields were harvested when acetochlor or pethoxamid was applied DPRE or at spiking. Residual control of annual grasses and suppression of weedy rice from early-season applications of acetochlor and pethoxamid indicate they could be valuable in a season-long rice herbicide program while providing an alternative SOA to combat herbicide-resistant weeds.


Accretionary orogens act as major sites of generation of continental crust but the growth model of continental crust remains poorly constrained. The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), as one of the most important Phanerozoic accretionary orogens on Earth, has been highly debated in terms of the net volume of juvenile crust from being surprisingly high to very low. Using published geochemical and zircon Hf–O isotopic datasets of three belts in the Eastern Tianshan terrane of the southern CAOB, we first explore the variations of crustal thickness and isotopic compositions in response to the tectono– magmatic activities with time. Our study clearly delineates that syn–collisional episode experienced a significant mantle–derived crustal growth, attributing to the crustal thickening at the extents of approximately 15 km, 10 km, and 20 km for each belt. Steady progression to radiogenic zircon Hf isotopic signatures associated with syn–collisional crustal thickening indicates enhanced input of mantle–derived material, which predominantly contributes to the vertical growth of the continental crust. Given the surface areas and relative increases of crustal thickness as the proxies of magma volumes, together with the calculated mantle fraction of the mixing flux, we then are able to evaluate a volume of ca. 39% juvenile crust formed in the CAOB during the Paleozoic. A crustal growth rate of 0.326 km 3 /y is hence calculated given a lifespan of 255 Ma for the CAOB. This study highlights the validity of using crustal thickness and zircon isotopic signals of magmatic rocks in quantifying the volume and growth rate of juvenile crust in complex accretionary orogens. Our work depicts


Within the increased concern for environmental protection, an important aspect is related to renewable energy not only because of the potential for carbon emission reductions but also because of energy security. Relying on renewable energy sources can be a basis for less dependence of the economy on limited energy sources, especially when considering their potential price fluctuations. The role of banks has already been recognized in the context of supporting the greater use of renewable energy solutions. In this paper, the focus is on green banking (GB) services and customers' intention to adopt them. For its analysis, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) was applied. It was extended with environmental consciousness, as a predictor of attitude and behavioral intention. Moreover, relations between customer intention and its predictors were examined separately for the male and female gender. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first research in which behavioral intention toward green banking services was investigated by including mentioned variables from the gender aspect. According to the obtained results, environmental consciousness, attitude and perceived behavior control have the largest influence on customers' intention. In addition, from the gender aspect, unlike male, the intention of female customers is significantly affected by perceived behavior control.


Al coatings, with thickness (x) up to 20 µm, were deposited by dc sputtering on both sides of the Metglas 2605S2 precursor melt-spun ribbons. Spin reorientation, induced by the magnetoelastic effect, was clearly observed in the Al/Metglas 2605S2/Al trilayers by monitoring the 2 and 5 line intensities of the Mössbauer spectra obtained at different temperatures. The average spin orientation angles can be controlled by adjusting the Al thickness. A magneto-mechanical coefficient, which measures the rate of spin reorientation with respect to the temperature variation, was obtained and is found to be equal to −0.15° K−1 and −0.28° K−1 for x = 5 µm and 20 µm, respectively. Using a spin structure phenomenological model, in-plane native magnetic anisotropies ranging up to 3 kJ m−3 were estimated for the Metglas 2605S2 ribbons. Energy anisotropy values higher than 20 kJ m−3 are associated with inhomogeneities and defects from the sample preparation method and may correspond to about 10% of the ribbon volume.


Abstract In this paper, a current error space vector (CESV) based hysteresis controller for a 12-sided polygonal voltage space vector inverter fed induction motor (IM) drive is proposed, for the first time. An open-end winding configuration is used for the induction motor. The proposed controller uses parabolic boundary with generalized vector selection logic for all sectors. The drive scheme is first studied with a space vector based PWM (SVPWM) control and from this the current error space phasor boundary is obtained. This current error space phasor boundary is approximated with four parabolas and then the system is run with space phasor based hysteresis PWM controller by limiting the CESV within the parabolic boundary. The proposed controller has increased modulation range, absence of 5th and 7th order harmonics for the entire modulation range, nearly constant switching frequency, fast dynamic response with smooth transition to the over modulation region and a simple controller implementation.


This article examines a cornerstone doctrine of corporate law, the business judgment rule, in the light of various corrupt practices in large public companies — principally the options backdating scandal. It finds that the rule is an impediment to actions such as shareholder derivative suits that can deter this improper conduct. Recent decisions from Delaware however may indicate a change in the application of that doctrine. The article argues that such an approach should be encouraged and extended so that corporate officials may be more accountable to the public interest.


An optical arrangement comprising a light source emitting coherent light, and an optical lattice (1) with a plurality of successive parallel diffraction structures (3) having a periodical distance corresponding to a lattice period. Said structures form a reflecting layer consisting of a reflecting base layer (2) and a transparent protective layer (7) covering said base layer. The diffraction structures are disposed on a carrier (2) forming the base layer (4) and are respectively provided with a blaze flank (5) which is substantially inclined at a littrow angle with respect to the base surface (4) and a counter flank (6). The thicknesses of the protective layers (8,9) on the blaze flank (5) and the counter flank (6) are selected independently from each other, whereby the lattice performance, i.e. either adsorption or the diffraction efficiency of the optical lattice (1), is optimized. According to the application, an optical lattice (1) is created with low requirements in terms of the light source or an optical lattice is created which is affected as little as possible by incident light. The invention also relates to a method of production of an optical lattice associated with said optical arrangement.


The transformation to bioeconomy is a challenging task for developed countries and even more for emerging economies of Central and Eastern Europe. New life sciences clusters emerge and new players from public and private sector appear on the international biotechnology scene. Universities are conscious of the adversities in their future strategy and it is up them how quickly they adapt and how they withstand the competitive universities. Further, it is up to regional and national policies to launch programmes to enhance and 'sell' science. It is obvious that Vysegrad Pact countries are fully aware of the life science and biotechnology commercialization, conditions and consequences of these processes. In the BioPolis project, vertical policy instruments (biotechnology specific) and horizontal policy instruments (generic or not biotechnology specific) are included. Vysegrad Pact countries transform from centrally planned to market economies and at the same time from traditional to knowledge-based, even bio-economy as seen in developed countries. It is observed that those countries performing best in the commercialization of biotechnology were a strong commitment to supporting basic scientific research. Lack of incentives and missing bridges between industry and academia are institutional and network failures. Government bodies should consider the definition and implementation of public initiatives to meet the specific needs of spin-off companies in the maturation phase. The paper follows and summarizes indicators of biotechnology commercialization in four European countries of Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and Czech Republic.


Elevator tension members for the system 12, 22 has an aspect ratio greater than 1, is defined as the tension members ratio (w / t) of the aspect ratio (aspect ratio) it has a width (w) to thickness (t). Increase in aspect ratio results in a reduction in maximum rope pressure and increased flexibility in comparison with the conventional elevator ropes. As a result, the pulley 24 is smaller than the binary number to be used for tensile member 22 of this type. The particular embodiment with a tension member 22, a common layer wrapped a plurality of individual load carrying rope (a plurality of individual load carrying ropes) in the coating. Coating layer 28 is formed a mating surface 30 that is combined with the traction sheave (24) and separates the individual ropes 26. Elevator system, pulley, tension members, and the aspect ratio, the engagement surface


Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is an important component in many network systems. The rapid development of the Internet requires NIDS to improve performance in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, we propose a flow-based anomaly detection system in applying Machine Learning approach in a SDN network. The paper implements a testbed to achieve an eight-feature dataset as the input for training six Machine Learning models. The obtained experimental results showed that the proposed NIDS is potentially a good security solution for a SDN network.


Aerospace applications are not new but potentially the final frontiers for power electronics research and developments. On the aviation side, because of the need for fuel saving and greenhouse gas reduction, more electric aircraft (MEA), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, and future hybrid and turbo electric propulsion call for a new generation of power converters, motor drives, and solid-state circuit breakers with unprecedented power density, efficiency, and reliability <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">[3]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">[4]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">[5]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">[6]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref7">[7]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref8">[8]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref9">[9]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref10">[10]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref11">[11]</xref>. On the space side, lunar, Mars, and deep space expeditions, will need light-weight and highly efficient power electronics systems to work reliably at places that no man has gone before, where space radiation and extreme operation conditions present more challenges to power devices and circuits <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref12">[12]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref13">[13]</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref14">[14]</xref>.


The global energy crisis in the 1970s and early 1980s had adverse economic impacts in all oil-importing countries, including India. The objective of the present paper is to analyze energy consumption changes that have taken place in the Indian economy during 1973174 to 1983184 and 1983184 to 1991192, and the factors responsible for these changes. We develop a structural decomposition analysis in which the energy consumption changes are the result of the following six different factors: technical changes; changes in the final demand structure; changes in the interaction term of technical changes and final demand structure; changes in energy exports; changes in energy imports; changes in energy change in stock. Then, we separate the technical changes and final demand structure again, which identifies explicitly the effects of energy consumption.


Abstract Galactic microquasars have been detected at very-high-energies (VHE) (> 100 GeV) and the particle acceleration mechanisms that produce this emission are not yet well-understood. Here we investigate a hadronic emission scenario where cosmic-rays (CRs) are accelerated in magnetic reconnection events by the turbulent, advected-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) believed to be present in the hard state of black hole binaries. We present Monte Carlo simulations of CR emission plus γ-γ and inverse Compton cascades, injecting CRs with a total energy consistent with the magnetic energy of the plasma. The background gas density, magnetic, and photon fields where CRs propagate and interact are modelled with general relativistic (GR), magneto-hydrodynamical simulations together with GR radiative transfer calculations. Our approach is applied to the microquasar Cygnus X-1, where we show a model configuration consistent with the VHE upper limits provided by MAGIC collaboration.


In a previous we argued that some major novelties to be addressed by a new generation of urban models should be related to: i) the knowledge expectations connected with the use of a model (i.e. epistemological background), ii) the feasibility of its application domain (i..e. the operational underpinnings) and iii) the urban phenomena and perceptions characterizing the present cities ( i.e. the so-called Post-Fordist cities). We also emphasized that many drawbacks and limitations which nowadays make the classical urban modelling unsatisfactory were not caused so much by their methodological underpinnings but rather by the limited scope of the whole model application. This paper presents an operational simulation model (the PFUS model) which broadens the focus of the classical model application and allows to explore some features of the new kind of development taking place in modern cities (i.e. the local-global interactions, the role of localized resources). The paper is articulated into three parts. Part 1 outlines the conceptual and formalised structure of the model. Part 2 presents the results of its application to the Piedmont region. Finally in part 3 the main novelties of the PFUS model application are discussed emphasizing in particular their implicattions for planning purposes.


In this paper we construct a Gibbs measure for the derivative Schrödinger equation on the circle. The construction uses some renormalizations of Gaussian series and Wiener chaos estimates, ideas which have already been used by the second author in a work on the Benjamin–Ono equation.


The effects of pre‐anaesthetic medication on target propofol concentration, induction dose, time to induction, and discomfort on infusion were studied in 45 female patients undergoing ambulatory gynaecological procedures using 'Diprifusor' target controlled infusion of propofol. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either no premedication (group 1) or premedication with diazepam alone (group 2) or in combination with alfentanil (group 3). Induction was more successful in premedicated than unpremedicated patients with an initial target propofol concentration of 4 μg.ml−1 (87% in group 2 and 93% in group 3 vs. 38% in group 1, p < 0.01). Premedication was also associated with the requirement of a lower mean target concentration for induction, a lower induction dose and a shorter time to induction. There were no significant between‐group differences in discomfort on infusion or target concentration during maintenance. For short ambulatory procedures, the recommended initial target concentration of propofol is 4 μg.ml−1 in premedicated and 6 μg.ml−1 in unpremedicated patients.


Currently many but not all centers transplant hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremic positive (+) donor kidneys into HCV+ recipients. Directed donation of HCV+ organs reduces the wait time to transplantation for HCV+ patients. Direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy can cure HCV in virtually all who are infected. Some have suggested that treatment of HCV+ waitlisted patients be deferred with the hope that earlier transplantation will provide better outcomes than early DAA therapy. However, there are not enough organs to guarantee prompt transplantation for the current waitlist of infected candidates. A Markov medical decision analysis model was created to compare the overall outcomes of delayed DAA therapy (Option 1) to immediate DAA therapy (Option 2) in waitlisted HCV+ patients. Option 1 patients were modeled to be transplanted 1 year earlier, with a higher cumulative transplant incidence (54% at 5 years post‐listing vs 45% for Option 2). Despite this, Option 2 provided 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.49) more life years than Option 1. However, Option 1 was preferred for regions with much greater access to HCV+ organs or in patients with very low HCV+‐associated mortality. The best option from an individual patient's perspective will differ by region and candidate.


Milk yield, milk flow, and udder morphology traits were measured in 72 East Friesian crossbred multiparous ewes to estimate the variation in milk flow patterns present in this research flock, and to asses the repeatability of these measurements and their relationships with other lactation traits. A special milk flow apparatus designed for dairy ewes was used on two consecutive morning milkings at approximately 90 d in lactation to measure milk yield and flow rates. Udder morphology and teat placement traits were measured 4 hr prior to the evening milking. From the original 72 ewes, 48 of them were measured every two weeks during their fourth and fifth months of lactation with the milk flow apparatus only. Milk yield traits measured included: machine milk yield and time (the amount of milk extracted by the machine only); stripping yield and time (milk extracted by the milker during stripping); and total milk yield and time. Milk flow traits measured included: milk flow latency (the time it took for milk to begin to flow); maximum milk flow rate; and the time at which maximum milk flow occurred. From the milk yield and milk flow data, calculations were made to estimate average milk flow rate (total milk yield/total milking time), stripping percentage (stripping yield/total milk yield), and machine milking efficiency (machine milk yield/total milking time). The average ewe during mid-lactation yielded 1.14 L of milk in 2.25 min at the morning milking. Of the total milk, 20% of it was extracted by the milker during stripping. Rumination occurred in 93% of the ewes during machine milking. Milk flow traits had good estimates of repeatability between consecutive test days, and reasonable estimates of repeatability as lactation progressed. Machine milking efficiency was significantly positively correlated to maximum milk flow and average milk flow, and significantly negatively correlated to milk flow latency and stripping percentage. Cistern height and teat position score were positively correlated with stripping percentage and negatively correlated with machine milking efficiency. Regression analyses for some of the milk flow traits on machine milking efficiency indicate that average milk flow rate and stripping percentage can be used together to estimate machine milking efficiency. Bimodal or "two-peak" milk emission was observed in 43% of the ewes. These ewes had significantly higher machine milking efficiency, higher maximum milk flow rate, shorter milk flow latency, and shorter milking times. We conclude that this flock of experimental East Friesian-crossbred ewes is well adapted to machine milking and milk flow measurements along with subjective udder morphology scores appear to be reliable techniques for evaluating machine milking efficiency.


University library ought to establish its database of the characteristics,realize the internet information resources-sharing ought to proceed efficiently with the organization and management to the internet information resources; and strengthen to cultivate on the in-ternet information personnel.


The structures and surface work functions of graphanes with five fundamental configurations are systematically studied with the density functional theory. We find that, from the point of view of energy, hydrogenated graphene prefer forming the chair graphane than the other ones. The work function and layer thickness of the five structures vary with the hydrogenation, providing important theoretical data for experimental identifying the configurations of graphanes by STM and AFM.


1. Introduction to Racialized Schools 2. Theoretical Frameworks of Racism 3. A Self-Analysis of Personal Racism 4. Are You a Racist? 5. Interpretive Acts of Racism in Schools 6. A National Research Study on Racism in Schools 7. The Transformation of Schools and School Personnel 8. Transformational Leadership-Anti-Racist Change Agents 9. School Personnel Anti-Racist Competencies for Combating Individual Racism 10. Anti-Racist Guidance Lesson for Combating Racism 11. Concluding Themes on Racism in Schools


In this study; firstly we try to explain relation between economic growth and development, and then, how income distribution is effected in different stages of economic development in economic theory. The study includes current issues and it examines global economic process, economic growth, and income distribution in the light of current discusions. Moreover the study aims to clarify the relationship between economic growth, development and income distribution in the historical process from past to today. In summary we try to discuss how income distribution is effected by economic growth in globalization age


By assuming the operational amplifier can be represented by a single-pole model, a very simple circuit has been developed to replace grounded inductors in ladder filters. The resulting active filters can be used at high frequencies and produce very little noise at their outputs.


We present a determination of the Hubble constant from the joint, free-form analysis of 8 strongly, quadruply lensing systems. In the concordance cosmology, we find $H_0 = 71.8^{+3.9}_{-3.3}\,\mathrm{km}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ with a precision of $4.97\%$. This is in agreement with the latest measurements from Supernovae Type Ia and Planck observations of the cosmic microwave background. Our precision is lower compared to these and other recent time-delay cosmography determinations, because our modelling strategies reflect the systematic uncertainties of lensing degeneracies. We furthermore are able to find reasonable lensed image reconstructions by constraining to either value of $H_0$ from local and early Universe measurements. This leads us to conclude that current lensing constraints on $H_0$ are not strong enough to break the "Hubble tension" problem of cosmology.


Situations that require deviation from the desired path present a challenge for traditional path tracking controllers because they are not given sufficient information about where it is safe to deviate from the path. The controller presented in this paper uses environmental information and a vehicle model to ensure that, should deviations from the path be necessary to avoid obstacles, the vehicle will deviate in a path that is safe. In this paper, we propose a strategy for path tracking and obstacle avoidance using Model Predictive Control. Keywords—Autonomous vehicles, Model Predictive Control, Obstacle Avoidance


The recent statement by the American Academy of Pediatrics that, "Vietnamese orphans are no threat to U. S. health," is disturbing. The report focuses on the fact that orphans represent little risk of unusual communicable diseases requiring quarantine. It concerns itself with the physical health of these infants and provides a comprehensive list of infectious diseases that may affect them. However, there is little concern expressed for the children except as victims of a number of infectious diseases, poor immunizations, and nutritional deficiencies with the conclusion that the only problems they will face are "manageable or self-limiting."


The principle of Wheaststone bridge measuring resistance is introduced.It is analysed and proved through experimental data that the factors,which affect the measuring accuracy of Wheaststone bridge for measuring resistance,include the sensitivity of electric bridge and the error of the resistance value of wheatstone bridge.The sensitivity of the electric bridge is related to the supply voltage,the galvanometer and the total resistance value of wheatstone bridge.The condition of extremum for the sensitivity and proportional arm resistance value is derived.The relative error resulting from proportional arm can be removed by using variable arm measuring so as to improve the measuring precision.


Sorting is much used in massive data applications, insurance systems, education, health, business, etc. To the sorting operation that sorts the data as desired, quick access to the required data is achieved. Typically sorted data are organized in strings as file elements or tables. The most common case is when the tabular data is processed in the main memory of the computer. The paper presents the algorithms currently used for sorting objects that are involved in static and dynamic data structures. Then the selection of the data set on which particular algorithms will be applied will be made and the advantages and disadvantages of each of the algorithms in question will be seen.Thereafter, it is determined the efficiency of the sorting algorithm work and it is considered what is determinative when selecting the appropriate algorithm for sorting.


Abstract Feeding ecology is one of the most important aspects in the life history of snakes; however, studies about their trophic ecology are scarce and sometimes inaccurate. Liophis poecylogyrus is a medium-sized snake distributed widely in South America and relatively abundant in the study area. We describe the diet and sexual dimorphism of L. poecilogyrus from northeast Argentina based on the examination of museum specimens, and we compare our data with studies that include representative samples of this species. Amphibians were the most frequent prey (75%), but only one reptile was found (1%). Families represented were: Bufonidae (53%), Leiuperidae (19%), Leptodactylidae (14%), Hylidae (7%), Cycloramphidae (3%), Microhylidae (2%), and Gymnophthalmidae (2%). We observed that L. poecilogyrus has significant sexual size dimorphism in all morphometric characters analyzed but not in scalation variables. Despite the fact that L. poecilogyrus is considered by some to be an omni-carnivore, our data and other quantitative studies on distant populations from South America lead us to suggest that this species eats primarily anurans. The population studied has its own characteristics but retains similarities with geographically nearby and remote populations. This species is a specialist and its feeding habits seem to be conservative both in different populations of the same species and in phylogenetically related species. Sexual size dimorphism may be a common feature of the taxonomic group.


The article is devoted to the activities of interdisciplinary Educational-research institute for nanostructures and biosystems founded in 2008 due to realization of the innovative educational program at Saratov State University. The main directions in scientific investigations in nanoand biomechanics, nanochemistry, nanoand biotechnologies and computer modeling are described.


Abstract : Videodisc systems vary in capability but most are applicable to Command and Control requirements especially training and data retrieval. A professional non-broadcast video system can be configured at a cost less than $75K. The Hand-Held Computer has applications for DoD but not without certain reservations. A low-cost, off-the-shelf package may be assembled to build an electronic notepad.


In addition to the Thurstone-type scale, the Likert-type attitude scale (2) has been used extensively in psychology and social sciences but not in arithmetic. This study reports the results of work on the construction of an attitude scale using Likert-type test items and procedures for measuring pupils' attitudes toward arithmetic. The word attitude used in this study is defined as a learned, emotionally toned predisposition to react in a consistent way, favorable or unfavorable, toward a person, object, or idea. The Likert-type scale is composed of third-person statements to which a subject may make five responses: strongly agree, agree, have no opinion, disagree, or strongly disagree. The weighted statements are averaged, and the score is placed on a continuum from 1 to 5, with 5 being most favorable. Since each score is called a rating and since the ratings are summarized for all the statements, the method may be called summated ratings. To prepare the scale the writers used the strongest items from the Dutton Thurstone-type scale and reworded them to make third-person statements. Other items for the scale were secured by asking a variety of students from junior high school through college to take the Dutton scale and to list two things they liked and two things they disliked about the new mathematics


SUBTITLE: MULTIMODAL FREIGHT HUBS OFFER SHIPPERS ONE-STOP SHOPPING FOR ALL THEIR DISTRIBUTION NEEDS -- SOMETIMES RIGHT IN THEIR OWN BACKYARDS.


Carroll, J. B. (1983). The difficulty of a test and its factor composition revisited. In H. Wainer & S. Messick (Eds.), Principals of modern psychological measurement: A Festschrift in honor of Frederic M. Lord (pp. 257-283). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Carroll, J. B. (1988). Individual differences in cognitive functioning. In R. C. Atkinson, R. J. Herrnstein, G. Lindzey, & R. D. Luce (Eds.), Stevens' handbook of experimentalpsychology (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 813-862). New York: Wiley. Carroll, J. B. (1993). Human cognitive abilities: A survey offactoranalytic studies. New York: Cambridge University Press. Cronbach, L. J., & Snow, R. E. (1977). Aptitudes and instructional methods: A handbookfor research on interactions. New York: Irvington. Guttman, L. (1954). A new approach to factor analysis: The radex. In P. F. Lazarsfeld (Ed.), Mathematical thinking in the social sciences (pp. 258-348, 430-433). Glencoe, IL: Free Press. Humphreys, L. G. (1981). The primary mental ability. In M. F. Friedman, J. P. Das, & N. O'Connor (Eds.), Intelligence and learning (pp. 87-102). New York: Plenum. Humphreys, L. G. (1982). The hierarchical factor model and general intelligence. In N. Hirschberg & L. G. Humphreys (Eds.), Multivariate applications in the social sciences (pp. 223-240). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Lord, F. M., & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical theories of mental test scores. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Marshalek, B., Lohman, D. F., & Snow, R. E. (1983). The complexity continuum in the radex and hierarchical models of intelligence. Intelligence, 7, 107-127. Roff, M. (1941). A statistical study of the development of intelligence test performance. Journal of Psychology, 11, 371-386.


Raman spectra of solid N2O4 condensed from gaseous NO2/N2O4 were investigated. When deposited at 80 K the O2NNO2 dimer is formed. Deposition at 15 K produces additionally bands of the NO2 monomer and the O2NONO isomers. Warming to 180 K induces autoionization to NO+NO−3 which remains stable over the 15–180 K range. The transition is probably an intermolecular process invoked through the low energy lattice modes or ν4 twist vibration of the dimer.


This paper proposes a surrogate approach which utilises an supervised neural network to significantly shorten the time required for thermal qualification of electrical machines' insulation. The proposed approach is based on a feedforward neural network trained with Bayesian Regularization Back-Propagation (BRP) algorithm. The network predicts the winding's insulation resistance trend with respect to its thermal aging time. The predicted insulation resistance is evaluated against experimental measurements and an excellent match is found. Its trend is used for estimating the sample's time to failure under thermal stress at various temperatures. The temperature index of the insulating material, predicted by the neural network, matches with an error of just 0.4% margin against the experimental findings.


Peroxidatic oxidation of tyrosine was directly demonstrated in tumor cells of Harding Passey mouse melanoma using dihydroxyfumarate (DHF) as cofactor: there was no evidence of oxidation of tyrosine by aerobic dopa oxidase ("tyrosinase") in these cells. Peroxidative oxidation of tyrosine was correlated with a positive benzidine reaction and peroxidase-dependent oxidation of dopa to melanin. Melanoma cells with peroxidase activity were designated as type A cells. Many of the type A cells also demonstrated oxidation of dopa to melanin which was mediated by aerobic dopa oxidase ("tyrosinase"). In cells with both enzymes, peroxidase activity was present in melanosomes, whereas aerobic dopa oxidase activity was present in both melanosomes and in the Golgi-associated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum (GERL). Without inhibitors, cells containing both enzymes showed reaction product in melanosomes and in the GERL after incubation in tyrosine, DHF, and hydrogen peroxide. After preincubation with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), new melanin was still formed in melanosomes, but was eliminated in the GERL; when catalase was present in the incubation medium, reaction product was completely eliminated in all areas. These results indicate that melanin in the GERL induced after incubation with tyrosine, DHF, and hydrogen peroxide was due to the action of dopa oxidase on dopa synthesized by peroxidase. Some larger, more heavily melanized tumor cells (type B cells) were present which had aerobic dopa oxidase activity, but no demonstrable peroxidase activity. These may represent end-stage cells in which aerobic dopa oxidase acts on dopa formed by previous peroxidase catalysis. Synergism of peroxidase and dopa oxidase may be a mechanism of melanogenesis in vivo.


A new oscillator for electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) was developed by using an operational amplifier without any LC component. The home-made EQCM using this oscillator showed only 0.02 Hz frequency noise at 0.3 s gate time when a 6 MHz AT-cut crystal was used. Pb underpotential deposition on gold substrate in nitric acid media was examined to demonstrate the performance of this EQCM. The derivative of frequency change could be obtained without averaging multiple scans


The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly becoming an integral component of many applications in consumer, industrial and other areas. Notions such as smart industry, smart transport, and smart ...


The iron\|doped titania catalysts were prepared by sol\|gel method, and characterized by XRD, UV\|Vis diffuse reflection spectra. Their photocatalytic activities were tested by degradation of nitrite.The results indicated that the iron\|doped samples cause changes in crystalline phase and particle sizes of the titania. Samples containing low amount of iron (3 0%) were more effective for nitrite oxidation than pure TiO\-2.


To clarify the food value and physiological functions of carrot leaves, which are normally discarded, we measured the polyphenols in carrot leaves and their DPPH ( 1 , 1 -diphenyl2 -picrylhydrazyl)radical-scavenging activity, and further studied their effect on serum lipids in rats on a high cholesterol diet. Carrot leaves contain protein, lipids, ash, total vitamin C and alimentary fiber at levels greater than the roots. The polyphenol contents were the highest in the boiled leaves. DPPH radical-scavenging activity was higher in the leaves than in the roots. There was no difference between any of the groups with regard to the various measured values in rat serum, but the total serum cholesterol and serum phospholipids were lower in the group receiving the leaves and roots than in the group receiving a high cholesterol diet. The ABTS ( 2 , 2 '-azino-bis ( 3 -ethylbenzothiazoline6 -sulfonic acid)) radical-scavenging activity showed a high value in the group receiving the roots. These results suggested that carrot leaves have just as much nutritional value as the roots, and since they are a food item with a physiological activity, they can be effectively used instead of being discarded.


Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of substance P(SP)positive fibers in lumbar intervertebral disc tissue and its correlation with disc degeneration.Methods Twelve normal human lumbar discs obtained at autopsy and 21 degenerative disc specimens from patients in lumbar discectomy were observed in the morphologic features and immunostained with an antibody against neuropeptides SP.Results SP positive fibers were sporadically observed in the normal discs but generously in the degenerated discs.The amount of SP positive fibers was positively correlated with the degree of disc degeneration.Conclusion SP positive fibers have a significant positive correlation with disc degeneration,and it may promote the degeneration of lumbar disc as a neuritic mediator.


Previous Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) systems have difficulty in effectively managing the whole design process which often makes the modeling of product fall into chaos. Process-oriented knowledge-based CAD system is proposed in this paper to manage product design process. For realizing process-oriented knowledge-based CAD system, mathematical representations of process design are proposed; the algorithms of process planning using graph theory are studied. A detailed discussion about typical design is put forward including process-oriented knowledge based design methods and architecture. The implementation of Process-oriented knowledge based design of reducer is studied as a case. Process-oriented knowledge-based CAD system is realized which makes the whole design process efficient and stable.


Problem Statement: This article addresses the question and role of organizational change and change management in building long term organizational sustainability. Organizations need to recognize the need for different types of organizational changes that help organizations to achieve congruence with its environment. Practices have shown that successful adaptation to changing environment can be considered as one of the major sources of sustainable competitive advantage and a source of longevity. Methodology: Based on the existing literature on change management and organizational long term sustainability we have presented review of results of studies done among USA and Europe's long living companies. The goal was to determine which elements can be recognized as key ones for long term longevity and how important is change management in building sustainable competitive advantage. Results: Understanding how organizations grow, develop and decline, that is how they change over time, becomes crucial in building competitive advantage and enabling long term development and growth. This article has presented and analyzed results of different research among long living and successful organizations. The review reveals different sets of assumptions that can be considered as set of guidelines and principles organizations should follow to ensure long term sustainability and competitiveness. Conclusions: Long living companies differ from companies whose life expectancy were very short by having successfully recognized needs of their organizations to change in order to avoid different declines and crisis in their life cycle. The paper has showed based on previous research that change management can be considered as an important determinant of organizational longevity. Organizations need to have a built in mechanism for recognizing different needs for change and developed mechanism for successful change management.


Nitrogen removal had become a major focus in piggery wastewater treatment since nitrogen was the nutrient causing eutrophication. Recently, partial nitrification-Anammox (PN/A) was a promising process for ammonia-rich wastewater. This study investigated the start-up and operation of PN/A process for nitrogen removal from piggery wastewater under oxygen-limited (0–0.2 mg/L). Firstly, the diluted piggery wastewater was used as the influent; results showed that excess of biodegradable organic carbon would threaten Anammox bacteria survive. Then, the anaerobic digestion of piggery wastewater with the gradient dilution was fed into the reactor, corresponding to gradually increasing the ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to ammonia (COD/N) to 0.99, 1.37, and 1.61, the PN/A reactor could recover to good performance. And the ratio of COD removal value (CODremoved) to ammonia (CODremoved/N) closed to 0.17 averagely on phase III–V, which indicated that digested piggery wastewater which mainly consisted of refractory organics as the effluent did not affect the operation of the PN/A process. Using the high-throughput sequencing, the abundance of Candidatus Brocadiacese was decreased from 8.61% on day 125 to about 4.56% on day 173 and remained a stable proportion (3.41% on day 235). Our study provided a start-up strategy of the PN/A process for treating piggery wastewater.


The two-dimensional vector mapping of current distributions in high-TC superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−y thin films obtained by converting magnetic-field data measured by scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy is reported. The current distribution contains the contributions from both transport supercurrent and vortex current. The transport supercurrent is found to flow mainly along the edge of a stripline, and the numerical calculation based on the simple London model by taking the specific sample-detector geometry into account is given. The agreement between the experimental data and the calculated results is good, demonstrating that the scanning SQUID microscope provides a useful tool for studying the current distribution in a superconductor.


The analysis of commodity data by time series methods is not easy and there are methodological traps to be avoided. We argue that Meyer and Kim have fallen into two of these, with the result that their autoregressive model is of dubious descriptive value. This contention is backed by reference to an analysis of 12 1/2 years of sugar price data. Our dataset consists of 3186 quotes of daily sugar futures closing prices in^T sterling per long ton, quoted on the London Sugar Market, and covering the period January 1961 to July 1973.


3701-03 Ammonia, nitrogen and ammonium nitrate: Manufacturing Applies to establishments engaged in the manufacture of ammonia, nitrogen and ammonium nitrate. Ammonia is a colorless gas used as a component in fertilizer, medicines and cleaning compounds manufacturing. The manufacturing process involves combining hydrogen and nitrogen gases with a catalyst which causes a reaction between the two gases when heated in a generator. Ammonium nitrate is a crystalline compound used mainly in fertilizers, explosives and propellants. The manufacturing process involves combining ammonia and nitric acid in a reactor. Nitrogen is a colorless gas that is obtained from the air and processed by compressing air in a pressurized tank, removing impurities, and separating nitrogen and oxygen through heating.


Aims: Little is known about social disparities in health in late adolescence. Among boys and girls aged 17–19, we aimed to (1) describe frequency of health complaints, (2) investigate the factor structure of health complaints and (3) examine the association between health complaints and socio-economic status (SES). Methods: Data from the large population-based youth@hordaland survey (n=10,253) were used. Health complaints were assessed by five items from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Symptoms Checklist, SES by parental education and perceived family economy. Associations between health complaints and SES were investigated using analysis of variance, and the factor structure of health complaints using confirmatory factor analyses. Results: At least one weekly complaint was reported by 47% of girls and 21% of boys. The items showed a good fit to a simple one-factor model when back pain and neck/shoulder pain were allowed to correlate. Health complaints were more frequent among adolescents reporting poor perceived family economy and lower parental education. Conclusions: Our results suggest that health complaints are common in adolescence and might, as in adults, be part of everyday life. Health complaints are more frequent among adolescents from families with lower SES.


The precariousness of public services is manifested in various ways, through instability in the labor ties of professionals, absence of public tenders, outsourcing and insufficient financing. In the midst of this situation, the present study aims 1 Graduanda em Serviço Social. Universidade Estadual do Ceará – UECE. E-mail: email@example.com. 2 Graduanda em Serviço Social. Universidade Estadual do Ceará – UECE. E-mail: email@example.com. 3 Graduanda em Serviço Social. Universidade Estadual do Ceará – UECE. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 4 Psicóloga. Mestre em Educação. Universidade Estadual do Ceará – UECE. E-mail: email@example.com 5 Assistente Social. Pós-doutorado em Saúde Coletiva. Universidade Estadual do Ceará – UECE. Email: email@example.com to analyze the precariousness of service of health and its implications in the work process in health in Primary Health Care in Fortaleza. The methodology used is qualitative, based on the hermeneutic-dialectic method, simple observation, documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews with managers and health workers.


With the reverse evaporation method,the liposome of the total saponins of Panax ginseng was prepared,the physico-chemical property and dia-skin efficiency were detected in the chitosan environment.The envelope rate of the lipsome and the dia-skin efficiency and stability of the liposome of the total saponin of Panax ginseng are better.But the washability of treated textiles was not good enough.


From the view of concept structure in psychology, this paper analyses the cause of classes overlapping of training sample set in text categorization, and finds it is reflection about fuzzy boundary of nature concept in space distribution between training samples. The paper proposes a categorization framework based on concept structure. In the framework, concept structure and relation between concepts are shown more obviously through anew partitioning training sample set, and then based above processing results we construct hierarchy classifier to improve classification performance. The experiments show that the framework is effective for improving classification performance and its expansibility is good.


Castor, a cross pollinated crop with sexual polymorphism which is highly sensitive to environmental conditions was successfully utilized to develop a two line breeding system. The present study is historically reviewed the development of hybrids variants and refinements in seed production technology facilitate to produce genetically high quality seed. Status of sex expression, developing pistillate lines and the historical achievements in heterosis breeding in India, seed production related issues and future outlook for castor hybrids have been broadly presented highlighting the role of hybrids placing India as a current global leader in production and productivity.


When transfer of Day 7 embryos was surgically to the horn ipsilateral to the CL and non-surgically to the contralateral horn, fetal survival rate was 85 and 35% respectively. After non-surgical transfer to the ipsilateral and surgical transfer to the contralateral horn, fetal survival rate was 20 and 30% respectively.


We present a novel approach for solving pursuit-evasion problems where multiple pursuers with limited sensing capabilities are used to detect all possible mobile evaders in a given environment. We make no assumptions about the number, the speed, or the maneuverability of evaders. Our algorithm takes as input a map of the environment and sensor models for the pursuers. We then obtain a graph representation of an environment using a Čech Complex. Even with such a representation, the configuration space grows exponentially with the number of pursuers. In order to address this challenge, we propose an abstraction framework to partition the configuration space into sets of topologically similar configurations that preserve the space of possible evader locations. We validate our approach on several simulated environments with varying topologies and numbers of pursuers.


Organic farming plays an important role in the improvement of soil organic matter content. Adoption of organic farming leads to overall balance of the ecosystem and sustaining environmental health. Although conventional farming practices are quite better in achieving global food security, the adoption of organic farming is beneficial in terms of long-run ecosystem balance. Organic farming largely excludes the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified crops and feed additives. Organic farming is an important tool to reverse the trend of declining soil organic matter status in the soils. It is mediated by returning plant residues and manures from livestock back to the land, enhancing biological nitrogen fixation by legumes, and versatile crop rotations. Soil organic matter (SOM) balances are the most common decision support tools in organic farming management. The concentration of soil organic matter often serves as a foundational attribute that controls many soil properties. In organically managed systems where no synthetic fertilizers are allowed, soil microbial biomass is important to supply plant nutrients by mineralization processes and to avoid nutrient leaching. The soil organic matter is affected by land use practices, soil depth and climatic conditions under organic farming.


Physicians must educate patients and parents about the risks and benefits of the HPV vaccine to increase rates of vaccination and decrease racial and sex disparities in access to the vaccine.


Bangladesh has been experiencing several problems over the past few decades. Adequate amount of power generation in a sustainable way is an important issue for rapidly increasing population and economic development. Renewable energy can play an effective role to meet energy demand. Since it is an agricultural country, biomass is one of the potential renewable energy sources in Bangladesh. A large amount of cattle dung, Agricultural residue, poultry dropping, water hyacinth, rice husk etc. are available in Bangladesh which is used for power generation. Already some private organizations are producing power from the biomass. Biomass gasification has yet to consolidate its position compared to other techniques for exploiting biomass energy. In this paper, gasification techniques have been reviewed. This paper also presents the scope, potential and technologies related to the use of biomass resources.


The primary objectives of this study were to identify the ecotypes of the 'longicaulis' giant reed (Arundo donax L.) that are winter-frost and cold tolerant in temperate climates on marginal lands and to perform biotechnological research on these ecotypes. We searched for large 'longicaulis' giant reed ecotypes, which wintered successfully in spite of the 2012/2013 winter frosts and sprouted from stem nodes in the spring of 2013 in three locations of the Balaton basin. Starting in vitro culture from the buds of the secondary shoot of the full-grown plant on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 0.3 mg L -1 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) and 0.05 mg L -1 1-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) was the most satisfactory during October. Our experiments indicated that in vitro propagation by stem cuttings can be successfully performed from in vitro shoots (node number increased with 0.2% NaCl treatment) on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium containing kinetin (3 mg L -1 ) and indole-3-acetic acid (3 mg L -1 ). By combining our micro- and macropropagation methods based on propagation by stem cuttings, 400 to 450 plants can be produced from one in vitro shoot during 11 to 12 months of growth.


We start with a short historical survey of the improvements of Liouville's inequality: in the lower bound∣∣∣∣α− pq ∣∣∣∣ > c(α) qd for α real algebraic number of degree d ≥ 3, the exponent d of q in the denominator of the right hand side is replaced by κ with • any κ > (d/2) + 1 by A. Thue (1909), • 2 √ d by C.L. Siegel in 1921, • √ 2d by Dyson and Gel'fond in 1947, • any κ > 2 by K.F. Roth in 1955. See [3] Course N◦4 §4.1.3.


Family is the basic unit where most individuals learn about product categories, how to consume it, and soon. So, understanding family buying behavior is very important. It used to be that husband and wife hold dominant influence family decision-making process. However, now, their role is changing. Today, children's role in family decision-making process is also significant today. Their influence relates to a wide variety of products needed by their family, or not just to the items that directly relate to their need, such as toys or foods. This means that, to market successfully to the children, marketers must understand children's buying decision making process and what media that can be used to socialize their products to them.   Key words: family decision-making, children's role in family decision making, consumer socialization.


weighs on us that if we give a nativity scene very high points, then some of the nativity-scene makers will strive to copy those first prizes and later we will have a deluge of a certain convention that was given a prize. Well, and we try to combat this. We try to ensure that our appraisals are so fair that they will distinguish those who, on the one hand, maintain the tradition, and on the other hand, introduce certain innovative narratives, because after all, the world is changing (Merecik et al. 2017).


Abstract A 63-year-old man with Gaucher's disease presented with bleeding secondary to thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow examination showed many typical Gaucher cells and adequate numbers of megakaryoc...


A warping operator consists of an invertible axis deformation applied either in the signal domain or in the corresponding Fourier domain. Additionally, a warping transformation is usually required to preserve the signal energy, thus preserving orthogonality and being invertible by its adjoint. Initially, the design of such operators has been motivated by the idea of suitably generalizing the properties of orthogonal time-frequency decompositions such as wavelets and filter banks, hence the energy preservation property was essential. Recently, warping operators have been employed for frequency dispersion compensation in the Fourier domain or the identification of waveforms similarity in the time domain. For such applications, the energy preservation requirement can be given up, thus making warping a special case of interpolation. In this context, the purpose of this work is to provide analytical models and efficient computational algorithms for time warping with respect to piecewise smooth warping maps by transposing and extending a theoretical framework which has been previously introduced for frequency warping. Moreover, the same approach is generalized to the case of warping without energy preservation, thus obtaining a fast interpolation operator with analytically defined and fast inverse operator.


COVID-19 has become a global crisis and the vaccine has been seen as an effective approach to stop the epidemic spread. However, the resources for distributing and allocating different types of vaccines are limited and we need a better vaccine distribution policy design to prevent the spread of COVID-19 more efficiently. In this study, a pipeline of combing a random forest model and a DQN model is proposed. The random forest model is built to predict the daily new confirmed cases with the vaccine data as the inputs. And the DQN model is built to design the daily allocation ratio of three types of vaccines, with the aim to minimize the new confirmed cases. The experimental results based on the real-world datasets collected in San Diego validate the effectiveness of the proposed pipeline.


A simulation model of the thermodynamic cycle of a three-valve stratified charge engine is described, with particular reference to the combustion process. Computed pressure and temperature/crankangle diagrams compare satisfactorily with experimental data, except for a large discrepancy in the temperature/crankangle diagrams in one case. There is qualitative agreement between predicted and experimental values of the major exhaust emissions. There is also good agreement between the computed equivalence ratio in the auxiliary chamber and the measured value for an operating condition. The adequacy of the simulation model of the thermodynamic cycle for analyzing the performance of a three-valve stratified charge engine is proved by the following calculations: mass flow, gas temperature, and velocity through the torch opening during the combustion period; mass flow rate and temperature of exhaust gases through the exhaust valve; gas pressure and temperature during exhaust and intake processes; and mass flow through the main and auxiliary intake valves. The model seems to be inadequate for measuring cylinder gas temperature in the main chamber during the combustion period and needs to be modified by considering such factors as the mixture formation and the mixing of jet flame in the main combustion chamber.


When I first saw this title, I thought, 'Not another leadership and management textbook seeking to be all things to all people'. I was pleasantly surprised by the content and the honesty of the editors as to its purpose and its origin. The book is produced for a distance learning Masters course offered by the university where many of the contributors are based. (A wise decision by the editors since it is easier to keep track of progress when co-authors are nearby!) It is also seen as an introduction to the study of leadership. This intention it meets and in some places exceeds. In other places, there is only surface attention to concepts but this is compensated by more than adequate references for each chapter and recommended further reading, which could potentially be followed up given access to the same library as the authors. (As an external examiner of Masters' programmes, I find that some less industrious students do not seek out the original texts but rely on secondary material, such as the book being reviewed.) The editors also recognise the limits of the experience as being largely based in the UK. Nonetheless, there is some recognition of the rest of the world in relation to the impact of global changes on education and the move to decentralisation. Many UKbased texts completely ignore what is happening in leadership and management in Europe (and sometimes the rest of the non-English-speaking world) but there is recognition here, both in the case studies (which are useful vignettes) and in some of the chapter references. Although (in an otherwise focussed chapter on decentralisation by Anderson) phrases like 'evident around the world, for example the U.S.A ..., Canada ... and England and Wales'. (p. 70) do not suggest a truly international perspective on any subject. International examples are employed not only to maximise sales but also demonstrate the international nature of change as an inevitable factor in life for leaders and managers/administrators. There is, suggest the editors, an emphasis in the text on the relationship between leadership and learning, Carnell's and Lodge's chapter seeks to bring this together and also contains (unusually for a book on leadership) some examples of children's drawings and ideas on learning. The 'culture' element of this book is clearly established by Shaw in the second chapter. The clarity of expression in this section is to be applauded. She deals effectively with many of the issues arising from what I term, 'intellectual imperialism' in relation to European Journal of Teacher Education Vol. 29, No. 4, November 2006, pp. 569–571


This article is devoted to model development for storing data about MEMS and its components. This data will be included into engineering database, which is used in MEMS synthesis system based on case-based reasoning.


Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)was a severe chronic respiratory disease in preterm infants.In recent years, the incidence of BPD increased annually with the increased survival rate of preterm infants.Some patients were oxygen-dependent due to their pulmonary dysfunction.In these patients, a scientific and sound domiciliary oxygen therapy protocol could shorten the hospital stay, reduce expenditure and prevent nosocomial infection and relative complications.This article would discuss in detail about the domiciliary oxygen therapy, including the preparation, protocol, domestic nutrition and follow-up as well as the prevention of sudden infant deaths.

Key words:
Home oxygen therapy; Evacuation of oxygen; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Preterm infants