We investigated the impact of assistance on learning and affect during problem-solving activities with a computer tutor we built using the Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools framework. The tutor delivered its primary form of assistance in the form of worked-out examples. We manipulated the level of assistance the examples in the tutor provided, by having similar problem-example pairs in one version of the tutor (high-assistance condition) and reduced similarity problem-example pairs in the other version (reduced-assistance condition). The reduced-assistance condition resulted in significantly higher learning, without increasing negative affect like frustration.


The explosion in complexity of modern ICs resulting from reduced feature sizes, circuit density, and sophisticated electrical stimulus has made failure analysis and defect localization extremely difficult. Dense metallization and flip-chip packaging can leave only the backside of the IC available for interrogation. Laser-based methods provide some of the powerful tools analysts depend on to overcome these obstacles


The paper draws a conclusion that it is necessary and possible to quicken construction of economic circle in Round Beibu Gulf Region, puts forward some rational countermeasures and proposals, and discusses the strategic significance, advantages and disadvantages of economic development in the region.


Theφ75 mm round bar of Q390B HSLA steel is produced by 80 t upper high power DC arc furnace-ladle furnace-200 mm×200 mm billet concasting - 700×1/650×3 mills rolling at Hangzhou Steel. The examination results showed that the steel products had excellent surface quality and macrostructure, the inclusion rating of products was≤2.0, and the mechanical properties of steel wereσB 380-465 MPa,σb 545-625 MPa,δ22.0%-28.5% and AK 98-210 J by controlling chemical composition of steel -0.16-0.19C, 1.35-1.52Mn, 0.03-0.05V,≤0.025S,≤0.025P; feeding CaSi wire and whole period refining in LF, and adopting long nozzle shielding casting during concasting.


Drill string fatigue failure often takes place during the course of drilling,which has not only slowed down the drilling speed but also decreased the drilling benefit,so accurate predicting of fatigue life of drill string is significant to increase reliability of drill string and decrease drilling accident.Since fatigue crack growth of drill string is related to stress of drill string,this paper at first analyzes stress of drill string,and then integrates it with equivalent stress.Based on stress analysis and reliability theory,random parameters that exert effect on fatigue crack life are determined,which consist of drill pressure,rotation speed,and length of fatigue crack.According to Forman model,the model used for calculating growth rate of I-III mixed mode fatigue crack extension crack is established.Case study analysis shows that the model can be used to calculate fatigue life of drill string under the condition of relevant fiduciary level.The result is the same as the drill string life on site and meets the accuracy requirement of drilling.It proves that the model renders great practicality and can be a theoretical reference to accurate prediction of fatigue life of drill string.


Objective. This study was aimed at estimating type-specific HPV prevalence and its cofactors among Honduran women with normal cytology in order to provide valuable information to health policymakers about the epidemiology of this important sexually transmitted infection. Methods. A total of 591 women with normal cytology from Tegucigalpa, Honduras were interviewed and tested for HPV using the SPF10 LiPA25. A structured epidemiological questionnaire was administered to each woman. Results. The overall HPV prevalence was 51%. Twenty-three types of HPV were detected; HPV 16,51,31,18 and 11 were the most common. The highest prevalence of cancer associated HPV types (15.0%) was found in the women less than 35 years. Besides the association with age, the main independent predictors of HPV infection were the lifetime number of sexual partners and having a low socioeconomic status (SES) and less than 5 previous Pap smears. Conclusions. In the population studied, there was a broad diversity of HPV infections, with high risk types being the most common types detected. The establishment of a well-characterized population with regard to the community prevalence of type-specific HPV infection will provide a valuable baseline for monitoring population effectiveness of an HPV vaccine.


Abstract The "Leave-out Sign-dominant Correlation Regions" (LSCR) algorithm is extended to deliver a guaranteed confidence set for the parameters of a time-varying system at any given time. The algorithm is derived by assuming that an upper bound on the parameter variation is available, and the delivered confidence set is valid without any prior knowledge of the noise. Simulation examples are provided to illustrate the performance of the algorithm.


Silica nanospheres have special optical properties such as relatively stable chemical property, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, so they can be widely used in Chemistry, biomedical and materials science fields. However, many existing preparation methods of silica nanospheres not only rely on expensive instruments, but also have long preparation cycles. Here, we propose an optimized Stӧber method to prepare silica nanospheres, which is simple, efficient and low-cost. Silica nanospheres with different sizes can be obtained by repeatedly adding the tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) solution dropwise at a constant speed. The characterizations by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and zeta potential meter reveal that the size of silica nanospheres gradually increases with the increase of the amount of TEOS. In addition, different concentrations of ammonia affect not only the rate of reaction, but also the final particle size of the microspheres. Afterwards, the silica nanospheres with sizes of 190 nm, 235 nm, and 284 nm were prepared into colored photonic crystal thin films by chemical self-assembly, and they appeared blue, green and red under the reflection of natural light. Finally, their reflection spectra were measured using a selfbuild characterization system, and found that their peak reflection wavelengths were 427 nm, 511 nm, and 622nm. These results indicate that the reflection peaks of the films gradually red-shift with increasing silica nanosphere size. The proposed optimized Stӧber method for preparing silica nanospheres is simple and efficient, which can greatly expand their application in various fields. For example, the surface of silica nanospheres can be linked to various chemical groups by silanization, which can be used for biochemical sensing. Colored films prepared from silica nanospheres also have potential applications in decoration and other fields.


Observer design for general nonlinear systems is a difficult area of control theory research till now. The problem of observer design for a class of general nonlinear system with linear output was studied. First, the general form of observer was established by differential mean value theorem, then using the "observer Lyapunov function" defined, a relaxed design method for the observer design for general nonlinear systems was offered. The proof of the asymptotical stabilization of the algorithm was also given. Through the analysis of two typical cases of general nonlinear systems and bilinear systems, the main result of the paper was proved to be feasible. Finally, through the construct process of observer design for a single pendulum system, it showed that the given algorithm is simple and easy to realize.


From past two decades, information and communication technology (ICT) and banking industries have become two most rapidly growing organizations of the Indian service sector. Though other service industries such as hospitality, real estate and many others also contributes an important role in the growth and development of Indian service sector but these two industries provide substantial employment as well as generates enough revenue and therefore, act as two pillars of Indian service sector. The current research literature on the subject have shown that ICT and banking industries are trying hard to position themselves at the top-level across globe and to achieve this goal managers and practitioners are utilizing different quality tools and techniques, one of them is total quality management (TQM). TQM is widely excepted approach and is being implemented across different organizations whether manufacturing or service as it affects business performance, competitiveness and ultimately the customer satisfaction. Previous research studies have shown that there are certain barriers also which hinders the successful implementation of TQM program in various service organizations and therefore, these organizations have either failed to implement TQM or have hesitation to adopt it.This research work report the results of a survey study on identification and ranking of barriers to TQM implementation and investigates their presence across ICT and banking industries. The research methodology adopted was comprehensive literature review on TQM barriers followed by a self-administered questionnaire survey of the identified Indian ICT and banking companies. A total of 121 complete responses were obtained which comprises of 84 ICT companies and 37 banks. A stratified sampling plan was used for calculating a sample size and to carry out further study. Descriptive statistics, reliability test and independent-sample t-test analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The literature identified 12 TQM barriers which were further categorized into three categories namely extensively present, moderately present and rarely present in ICT industry and two categories i.e. extensively present and moderately present in banking industry. The result shows that "employees' resistance to change"; "attitude of employees towards quality"; "inadequate use of empowerment and teamwork" and "lack of continuous improvement culture" are some of the major barriers which are extensively present in these two industries and affects the successful implementation of TQM program. This research also revealed that out of 12 TQM barriers, six barriers namely "inadequate use of empowerment and teamwork"; ''lack of continuous improvement culture''; ''lack of proper training and education''; ''no benchmarking''; ''poor planning''; and ''lack of top-management commitment" showed significant difference in their presence across Indian ICT and banking industries while rest six barriers have no significant difference in their presence. Finally, the study ends by highlighting some of the managerial implications as well as presents the further research study scope in the area.


In this paper, we study the relationship between closed-loop mechanical systems (CLMS) and higher-order constrained systems (HOCS). We show that second-order constraints, i.e. constraints in acceleration, can be used to construct a CLMS, where the control law is given by the related constraint force. As an example we show that, by means of appropriate constraints of this kind, stabilization can be achieved for the inertia wheel pendulum. We also consider the inverse problem, that is to say: can every CLMS be constructed from a HOCS, i.e. can every control law be seen as the constraint force related to a given set of constraints? We answer this question affirmatively, reflecting a deep connection between feedback systems and systems with constraints. Also, we study when these constraints can be integrated to constraints in velocities. We prove that this is possible for CLMSs constructed by means of linear methods and also by some global ones, as the kinetic shaping method with symmetry.


Based on cohesive devices in Halliday's Systemic-Functional Grammar, this study intends to analyze conjunctions in Donald Trump's inaugural speech, exploring the function and effect of four conjunction devices in the speech. Research shows that additive function ranks the first, followed by adversative and causal function, while temporal devices seldom appear in the speech. Besides, it is found that in public speaking, it is necessary to use varieties of conjunction devices to produce better communications


Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare condition marked by a number of symptoms due to hepatic venous obstruction. A 40-year-old female patient presented with abdominal pain, distension, and dyspnea. An abdominal ultrasonogram showed hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and ascites. A hypodense mass obstructed hepatic flow suggested thrombus formation in the hepatic and portal veins and suprahepatic part of the inferior vena cava on computed tomography. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to assess thrombus extension to inferior vena cava and underlying pathological processes. It showed a mass lesion in the right atrium near intra atrial septum about 4 × 3 cm in diameter. The lesion manifested as an intracardiac thrombus extending from the inferior vena cava. After the successful surgical removal, the diagnosis of the mass was confirmed as atrial myxoma by histopathological examinations. We conclude that right atrial myxoma is a rare cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome.


Conclusions When pregnant rats receive 50 ppm F/day during entire pregnancy, their pups' molar teeth show a significant reduction in acid solubility. If fluoride administration is continued during lactation, no added anti-solubility effect is shown. Saliva either inactivates fluoride or salivary tissue is selective against fluoride secretion.


Sulfur is an essential human element of the chemical constant,it constitutes an important component of amino acids,which constitute the cell protein,tissue fluid,and various important component of coenzyme,it is to maintain good health and beauty,skin care,essential nutrition element.Sulfur also helps the body's metabolism,normal brain function may be to maintain and promote the stomach's digestion and absorption and enhance the body's resistance and so on.Some sulfide can treat gum disease,mouth ulcers,acne,angry eyes,rheumatoid arthritis,lupus,atherosclerosis,diabetes,fatigue and other diseases.


The purpose of this paper is to build vehicle number plate recognition for intelligent transport system. Number plate localization and recognition is an image processing technology used to identify vehicle by the number plates. that follows the RTO standards. This system is based on image capturing of the particular vehicle whose number plate is to be localized. Then segment the number plate and recognize each character of the number plate from the image by comparing it with standard RTO template emphasized by the government. .Thus the number plate of the vehicle is obtained. This very special technique finds use in social applications like tracking out the vehicle that violates the traffic rules on roads, violating the parking rules and checking at the toll-gates.


The in situ pyrolysis process of oil shale by superheated steam is a complex process that is affected by the thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupled process. Meanwhile, oil shale's physical properties show strong anisotropy in the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical characteristics due to the mineral arrangements and sedimentary structures. To accurately simulate the in situ oil shale pyrolysis process, the anisotropic thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical characteristics at different temperatures were first determined through laboratory experiments. Then, a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupled model that considers the anisotropic thermal-hydraulic-mechanical characteristics was established to simulate the in situ pyrolysis process of oil shale by superheated steam. The distributions of the pore pressure, temperature, stress, deformation, permeability and production during the in situ pyrolysis process were analyzed. The main results are as follows: (1) the temperature field distributions in oil shale reservoirs ...


Mobile Ad hoc Networks are being adopted in more and more applications in our daily life. Mobile computing and mobile ad hoc networks in particular have become a daily need. As mobile ad hoc networks have been target for many attacks, the security of these networks has become an essential part of their existence. This paper provides a review of the current threats and how these threats are mitigated. The paper also discusses common attacks on mobile ad hoc networks and classifies these attacks in various classification types. The paper also discusses various countermeasures to mitigate the risks of attacks.


This paper reports a bibliometric analysis of the output of the Faculties of Social Sciences and Humanities of the University of Navarra, as recorded by publications in scholarly journals over the period 1999-2005. Information for the analysis was gathered from Journal Citation Reports (JCR) and from the Spanish Indice de Impacto de las Revistas Espanolas de Ciencias Sociales (IN-RECS), Indice de Impacto de las Revistas Espanolas de Ciencias Juridicas (IN-REJS) and Revistas Espanolas de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades (RESH). The aim of this work was to determine the adequacy of these ranking systems as bibliometric tools for describing the output in Spanish journals of a university. The results show the University of Navarra published 7281 documents during the studied period, 1908 (26 %) of which were articles in journals. Just over 39 % of the latter were published in Spanish scientific journals, and 12 % in Web of Science journals. The coverage of the ranking systems varies per faculty: the IN-RECJ best covered articles published by the Law faculty; IN-RECS best represented production from Communication and Economics faculties; and RESH best covered production from Humanities faculties. Some 43 % of the studied articles recorded by IN-RECS were published in the first quartile of journals covered by the index; this figure was 42 % with respect to RESH, and 12 % with respect to JCR. Spanish national ranking systems are therefore useful as a complement to bibliometric information provided via the Web of Science and JCR.


The Tarim desert highway protection forest grows in the hyperarid Taklimakan Desert.Therefore,irrigation and water use are crucial for a sustainable management of this protection forest.In a protected part of the forest near the Tarim Desert highway,stem sap flow and water use of Haloxylon ammodendron were measured using the heat-balance technique.The stem sap flow exhibited a distinct diurnal course with maximum values between 10:00 to 15:00,and minimum values between 00:00 to 03:00.Generally,sap flow was lower at night than during the day.The sap flow was influenced by environmental factors:it was positively correlated with solar radiation,air temperature and wind speed,and negatively correlated with the relative humidity.Under the present irrigation scheme,the soil moisture remained almost constant,and was not correlated with sap flow.In Haloxylon ammodendron,the values of predawn and midday water potential provided no indications of drought stress.The average daily water use of three individuals of Haloxylon ammodendron with a diameter of 2.0 cm,2.8 cm and 3.4 cm were 1.48 kg,2.18 kg and 3.08 kg,respectively,amounting to an annual water consumption of 295 kg,436 kg and 616kg.The good water status of Haloxylon ammodendron indicated that the water supply to the protection forest by the present water management is sufficient.When sufficiently irrigated,Haloxylon ammodendron used a relatively large amount of water,what was also caused by the extremely arid environment.


Abstract In this study, we introduce a method to formulate Ginkgolide B lipid microemulsion (GB-LM). We have assessed its general characteristics and pharmacokinetics in animals. Soybean oil (10.0%) and oleic acid (2.4%) were chosen as the oil phase, refined egg yolk lecithin (PC98T) (1.8%) as the surfactant, and glycerol (2.25%) as the co-surfactant. The optimized formulation process resulted in particles with average diameter of 185.9 ± 52.5 nm and the zeta potential of −19.8 ± 1.3 mV. The GB-LM remained steady for three months at room temperature. Giving each dose of 4 mg/kg to rats through the vein, a clearance rate of CL (L/h): 2.594 and C max (ng/mL) was achieved: 353.8 through pharmacokinetic analysis and statistical analysis. The AUC of GB-LM was about 1.57-fold higher than that of the products available in the market. In addition, brain tissue distribution studies show that after 0.5 h administration of GB, the concentration of GB in brain tissue can reach its maximum, and then significantly decrease after 2 hours. Therefore, the improved formulation of GB-LM shows encouraging results compared with present products in several features.


Smart optical materials are drawing more and more attention due to their wide application in energy conservation, wearable sensors, optical tuning and medical devices. However, current smart optical materials, including electroresponsive, thermoresponsive, and mechanoresponsive materials, are greatly restricted in practical applications due to their long response time, complicated preparation and high cost. This study develops a novel magnetically tunable smart optical material with swift and high-contrast optical switching based on 1D Fe3O4@SiO2 nanochains (NCs), which have the large shape anisotropy of one-dimensional structure and the superparamagnetic properties of Fe3O4 particles. The material exhibited clear transparent state when NCs were arranged parallel to the viewing direction under an applied magnetic field, while it showed good shielding effect when the NCs were randomly oriented upon removal of the field. The light transmittance could be dynamically adjusted over the wide range of 20%~80% through a small applied magnetic field of 50~100 Oe, which is superior to most current reported systems. This swift, sensitive and reversible response is attributed to the good responsivity of magnetic nanochains. Also, an effective model was proposed to explain the transmittance modulation scheme and forecast its optical potential. The large tunable range and low triggered field make Fe3O4@SiO2 NCs an advantageous candidate for application in smart windows, optical switchers and other fields.


This paper examines long distance voicing agreement between consonants (Cs). Two related patterns are observed. In the first one [voice] agreement is restricted to pairs of oral stops that match in place of articulation, as seen in Ngbaka. In the second, observed in Kera, [voice] agreement occurs among all pairs of stops. I argue that these agreement patterns come about through a correspondence relation that is established between Cs in the output. The notion of intersegmental correspondence will be important in explaining two key properties of the phenomena: (i) the potential for interaction between Cs at a distance, and (ii) the preference for voicing agreement to occur between similar Cs. From a wider perspective, this analysis is supported by work on other consonantal agreement patterns that display similar characterizing properties (Walker 1999, Rose & Walker in prep.). In addition, I propose that the correspondence approach has the potential to extend to cases of voicing dissimilation. The analysis is couched within Optimality Theory (OT; Prince & Smolensky 1993). The paper is organized as follows. In §2 I present the data illustrating voicing agreement between Cs at a distance. §3 diagnoses the agreement as arising through the mechanism of segmental correspondence rather than feature spreading. In §4 I lay out a theoretical overview of the correspondence approach to long-distance agreement, and then develop the details of analysis of Ngbaka and Kera. §5 discusses an extension to voicing dissimilation phenomena, and §6 gives the conclusion.


Twisted carbon fiber (TCF) aerogel with good selective sorption is produced in large scale by using raw cotton as the precursor. TCF aerogel shows highly efficient sorption of organic liquids (pump oil: up to 192 times its own weight; chloroform: up to 115 times its own weight). Moreover, it could be regenerated many times without decrease of sorption capacity by distillation, combustion or squeezing, which depends on the type of pollutants.


the watercolour in Holl's paper not only has the earring but also an indistinct word between "Mozart's" and "Ohr." He says that this refers to the younger son and that the attribution to Mozart was a mistake of Nissen's. It would be interesting to know the present whereabouts of the watercolour so that it could be studied in more detail. In the meantime we are forced to the conclusion that there is no portrait showing the left ear of the composer himself. A final question remains. Who first gave this striking but rare abnormality its present eponym? It may be that the practice resulted from Gerber's paper being published in a widely read clinical journal. Justification for the label, however, seems to be scant, and the attribution in the quotation at the beginning of this account may need to be refuted as strongly as the suggestion that the anomaly represents a primitive throwback.


Protease enzymes are ubiquitous in nature and usually found in all living organisms. The present study was conducted for screening bacteria with the ability to produce extracellular proteases. Attempts were made to isolate protease producing bacterial strains from soil samples of tannery wastes from Hazaribag, Bangladesh and subsequent partial characterization was performed. A number of biochemical assays was performed for presumptive identification of the bacteria. Subsequent molecular identification of bacterial isolates was performed using 16S rRNA sequence analysis, which revealed that the isolated bacterium R82 to be Bacillus subtilis. The protease enzyme activity was determined 60.50 U/mL. Further characterization showed that the enzyme produced from the bacteria was extracellular and alkaline protease in nature. The optimum reaction incubation time, pH and temperature were found to be 30 min, 8.0 and 50°C, respectively. Bacterial culture supernatant was used to carry out dehairing of leather (2ʹʹ×2ʹʹ), which was achieved in 24 h. The results showed that isolated bacterial strain could be employed for strain improvement towards commercial production of protease with a promise for dehairing in leather processing industries.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 7(1): 23-34, 2018 (June)


Strategy in Severe COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Case – Control Study. Abstract Since the best ventilation strategy of severe covid-19 patients is still uncertain, we conducted a retrospective case–control study to evaluate the outcome of severe covid-19 patients treated in the emergency department (ED) with a non-invasive low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and early weaning strategy and compared it to a non-invasive high-PEEP strategy. Primary outcome was a composite outcome of ETI rate and/or in-hospital mortality at 7 and 28 days from admission to the ED. We compared 24 severe covid-19 patients treated with non-invasive low-PEEP to 26 sex- and age-matched controls. Main demographic characteristics, p/F ratio, creatinine, procalcitonine, C-reactive protein, d-dimer levels, APACHE II score and NEWS were comparable at admission. The case group received more frequently antivirals (mainly darunavir/cobicistat) and hydroxychloroquine (p = 0.004 and 0.011 respectively). As to primary outcome, at 7 days, 13 cases versus 20 controls experienced ETI or died (p not significant). In the remaining population, at 28 days, 2 out of 18 low-PEEP cases died as opposed to 11 out of 21 high-PEEP controls (11.1% vs 52.4%, p = 0.008; OR 0.11 CI95% 0.02 –0.62). Our analysis of Kaplan-Meier curves confirmed the statistical significance of higher mortality and ETI rate in controls. Although larger trials are needed to confirm our results, this retrospective case-control trial provides a modest evidence that a non-invasive low- PEEP ventilation strategy could reduce ETI rate and mortality at 28 days compared to a high-PEEP approach and be a game changer in the ventilation strategy of COVID-19 patients.


Objective To assess the value of acoustic densitometry technique (AD) in tissue characterization of normal thoracic artery and atherosclerotic plaque.Methods In 43 patients with coronary artery disease,the normal arterial wall and different types of thoracic atherosclerotic plaques were detected by transesophageal echocardiography with AD technique.Results The AD value of the thoracic artery were (38.5±7.4) dB in the normal intima,(37.0±3.2) dB in the fatty site of plaque,(40.7±6.9) dB in the fibrous plaque,(54.3±4.2) dB in the calcified plaque and (29.4±7.1) dB in the thrombosis.There were significant differences among different types of atherosclerotic plaques.Conclusion AD technique provides an objective on-line method of assessment of tissue characterization of the thoracic atherosclerotic plaque.


Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) has emerged as a key technology for dramatic short-term reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in particular from large stationary. A key challenge in this arena is the monitoring and verification (M&V) of CO2 plumes in the deep subsurface. Towards that end, we have developed a tool that can simultaneously invert multiple sub-surface data sets to constrain the location, geometry, and saturation of subsurface CO2 plumes. We have focused on a suite of unconventional geophysical approaches that measure changes in electrical properties (electrical resistance tomography, electromagnetic induction tomography) and bulk crustal deformation (til-meters). We had also used constraints of the geology as rendered in a shared earth model (ShEM) and of the injection (e.g., total injected CO{sub 2}). We describe a stochastic inversion method for mapping subsurface regions where CO{sub 2} saturation is changing. The technique combines prior information with measurements of injected CO{sub 2} volume, reservoir deformation and electrical resistivity. Bayesian inference and a Metropolis simulation algorithm form the basis for this approach. The method can (a) jointly reconstruct disparate data types such as surface or subsurface tilt, electrical resistivity, and injected CO{sub 2} volume measurements, (b) provide quantitative measures of the result uncertainty, (c)more » identify competing models when the available data are insufficient to definitively identify a single optimal model and (d) rank the alternative models based on how well they fit available data. We present results from general simulations of a hypothetical case derived from a real site. We also apply the technique to a field in Wyoming, where measurements collected during CO{sub 2} injection for enhanced oil recovery serve to illustrate the method's performance. The stochastic inversions provide estimates of the most probable location, shape, volume of the plume and most likely CO{sub 2} saturation. The results suggest that the method can reconstruct data with poor signal to noise ratio and use hard constraints available from many sites and applications. External interest in the approach and method is high, and already commercial and DOE entities have requested technical work using the newly developed methodology for CO{sub 2} monitoring.« less


This paper describes a four channel rotary joint. Rotary joints are key elements for steerable antennas. The developed four channel rotary joint enables the use of dual polarised signals in two different frequency bands, for example 20 GHz and 30 GHz.


Proper Names, Beliefs, and Definite Descriptions September 1984 Thomas Charles Ryekman, B.A., University of Michigan at Flint M.A., University of Massachusetts, Ph.D., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor Edmund L. Gettier, III This dissertation investigates issues raised by these two questions: (i) what kinds of propositions are ordinarily expressed by uses of sentences that contain proper names; and (ii) what kinds of beliefs are ordinarily on the minds of speakers when they use sentences that contain proper names? It develops a new view about the connections between beliefs, linguistic behavior, and propositional content, one that explicitly denies that the kinds of propositions typically expressed by uses of such sentences are the objects of the beliefs typically on the minds of the speakers who use them. Chapter I presents both the Mi Ilian and the the description theories of proper names, and reviews the advantages and disadvantages of each. Chapter II critically evaluates Dummett's defense of the description theory against the Modal Objection. Chapter III introduces Kripke's puzzle about beliefs and proper names, it shows that Kripke's puzzle is not solved by the theory of proper names recently presented by Devitt. It critically evaluates the "consistency solutions" proposed by Chisholm, Harrison, Noonan, and Over. Chapter IV continues the discussion of Kripke's puzzle. It critically evaluates the "inconsistency solution" proposed by Marcus. It


The isothermal section of the Al−Si−B ternary system at 700 °C has been calculated using FactSage software and experimentally determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x‐ray powder diffraction(XRD). The calculated results show that there are six three‐phase regions in the isothermal section: Liquid‐Al+AlB2+(Si), AlB2+AlB12+(Si), (Si)+AlB12+SiB3, AlB12+SiB3+SiB6, AlB12+SiB6+SiB14, AlB12+SiB14+(B). Four three‐phase regions of Liquid‐Al+AlB2+(Si), AlB2+AlB12+(Si), (Si)+AlB12+SiB3 and AlB12+SiBn+(B) were confirmed experimentally, which are consistent with calculated results. The small AlB2 particles in the Al‐3B alloy have good refining effect on the primary α‐Al phase in the Al‐10Si alloy, which greatly refines the microstructure and improves the mechanical properties of the Al‐10Si alloy.


When inducing cracks, soundless cracking agents (SCAs) do not generate vibration, harmful gas, dust, nor flying rock fragment, making them suitable for hard rock roof breaking, rock burst prevention, oil or gas reservoir stimulation, and building demolition. In this study, SCA-induced crack initiation and propagation in different stress conditions were modelled using a modified cohesive element method. A new traction-separation law for describing rock compressive shear strength was proposed. The crack length and direction in bidirectional isobaric and unequal stress fields were analyzed in detail. The crack initiation pressure and the incremental ratio of crack length to SCA expansion pressure were proposed as two indicators to evaluate the difficulty in rock breaking in deep underground. Results indicate that (1) the modified cohesive element method used in this study is feasible to model crack propagation in deep rocks; (2) the maximum expansion pressure of SCAs depends on rock elastic modulus and geostress field and should be measured under a condition similar to deep underground prior to SCA borehole spacing design; when using the SCAs with a maximum expansion pressure of 100 MPa in 600 m underground, the suggested borehole spacing is less than 220 mm; and (3) σ3 dominates the crack initiation pressure while the principal stress ratio σ3/σ1 and notch direction control the direction of crack propagation.


We present Herschel PACS and SPIRE spectroscopy of the most important far-infrared cooling lines in M51, [C ii](158 μm), [N ii](122 and 205 μm), [O i](63 and 145 μm), and [O iii](88 μm). We compare the observed flux of these lines with the predicted flux from a photon-dominated region model to determine characteristics of the cold gas such as density, temperature, and the far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation field, G0, resolving details on physical scales of roughly 600 pc. We find an average [C ii]/FTIR of 4 × 10−3, in agreement with previous studies of other galaxies. A pixel-by-pixel analysis of four distinct regions of M51 shows a radially decreasing trend in both the FUV radiation field, G0, and the hydrogen density, n, peaking in the nucleus of the galaxy, and then falling off out to the arm and interarm regions. We see for the first time that the FUV flux and gas density are similar in the differing environments of the arm and interarm regions, suggesting that the inherent physical properties of the molecular clouds in both regions are essentially the same.


In the process of city subway construction,the surrounding soil layers will be disturbed by the digging action.And the subsidence of ground will be happen.It will lead to the settlement,inclination and collapse of building nearby.A geology mechanic model is built in this paper according to the engineering background of a high building.The subway tunnel will go through under it.At the same time,the theory of subsidence is used to predict the subsidence regularity and characters when the tunnel is digging under it.According to the study result,the grouting reinforcement technology is used to pre-strengthen the soft soil.At last,ANSYS finite element software is used to simulate the reinforce effect.The simulation results show that the grouting can control the subsidence of the building.The structural safety can be guaranteed during the subway constructing.The study results can be used as a reference by the similar engineering.


The cultivation systems of sugarcane can cause changes to the soil's physical properties and root development, which in turn, can affect the productivity of the crop. The main objective of this study was to evaluate different soil management systems and their influence on the physical attributes of soil, plant root system development and the productivity of plant cane in re-established area. The experimental design was randomized blocks in 6 x 3 factorial scheme with 4 repetitions. The soil treatments were: T1 = Desiccation + moldboard plowing + light harrow (DPH); T2 = Subsoiler + light harrow (SH); T3 = Desiccation + no-tillage (DNT); T4 = Desiccation + subsoiler (DS); T5 = stubble thrasher + subsoiler (StS) and T6 = stubble thrasher + mid harrow + moldboard plow + light harrow (StHPH), each evaluated at three depths (0.0-0.20; 0.20-0.40 and 0.40-0.60 m). The effects of these treatments were evaluated by analyzing physical properties of soil, root development of the plants and productivity of the crop. All evaluated tillage systems improved penetration resistance, but only to the depth of 0.20 m. The best rates of root development occurred with the T1 treatment. Root development was significantly lower with higher penetration resistance values in all evaluated systems. Sugarcane productivity was significantly higher in systems with greater soil disturbance.


Productivity of the construction industry stagnated in the recent decades [1] while other industries' productivities were on the rise. Multiple differentiating factors between the construction and other industries are held accountable for this development. Fragmentation, individuality, variability and variance to name a few macroscopic examples. In order to foster research and development on the productivity of the construction industry, these macroscopic factors are broken down to microscopic, practical examples from the German construction industry in the first part of this article. The second part contains an overview of the works of a joint research project on the issue and the last part further examines the research agenda on the digitalization of construction processes.


Abstract Through an instructional approach, this article offers a template for a classroom-based geography capstone course grounded in pedagogical elements of synthesis and reflection, as based on exploration of ten key geographic ideas. It provides insights into course goals, structure, and components for instructors who may wish to implement it in geography or in other disciplines, and it situates the template in the general structure of capstone courses detailed in social science literature. The article contributes to geography instruction with a focus on classroom-based capstone courses as an application of teaching and learning undergraduate geography.


We present a simple Ceteris Paribus Logic (CP) and study its relationship with existing logics that deal with the representation of choice and power in games in normal form including atemporal STIT, Coalition Logic of Propositional Control (CL-PC) and Dynamic Logic of Propositional Assignments (DL-PA). Thanks to the polynomial reduction of the satisfiability problem for atemporal STIT in the satisfiability problem for CP, we obtain a complexity result for the latter problem.


A fast Fortran implementation of a variant of Gragg's unitary Hessenberg QR algorithm is presented. It is proved, moreover, that all QRand QZ-like algorithms for the unitary eigenvalue problems are equivalent. The algorithm is backward stable. Numerical experiments are presented that confirm the backward stability and compare the speed and accuracy of this algorithm with other methods.


In recent years, several computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) models have been proposed for the early detection of breast cancer to minimize the mortality rate among women. However, the CAD model needs better accuracy with fewer features to improvise the model's efficiency. In this work, we propose an effective automated CAD model for mammogram image classification using the least number of features. The model presented here employs a two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform for feature extraction from mammogram images. The combined technique called PCA and LDA utilize feature reduction and select significant features. The combined reduced feature matrices are then fed into a random forest classifier, which is used to make the classification between normal and abnormal mammography images. Conventional datasets including INbreast, MIAS, and DDSM were used to test and evaluate the proposed CAD model with minimal features.


ABSTRACT For older adults, exercise that challenges the muscular system, commonly referred to as resistance training, has significant physical, psychometrical and functional benefits. While well recognised by the scientific community, the translation of these benefits into practice has received little attention. Particularly neglected is an understanding of the personal experiences, motivation towards and adherence to resistance training recommendations among older adults. This paper investigated the benefits older individuals attribute to resistance training and the motivational tactics they employed to undertake it. Data were drawn from three focus groups where participants (⩾65 years; presently, previously or wanting to become involved in a resistance training intervention) were encouraged to openly discuss resistance training, physical activity and exercise. Findings revealed that participants were aware of the benefits of training on general and functional health, and that these benefits were employed in the motivation to train. In addition, presently or previously trained individuals stress the importance of environment and programme structure as a training motivator. The benefits to mental and social health, effect on ageing and body image were also raised. However, participants discussed these in a broad context. While it could be said that public knowledge reflects current evidence, it is also clear that individuals are still unaware of a number of specific benefits.


The purpose of this study is to examine the negative effects of silence climate on the innovation behavior and LMX (Leader-Member Exchange). In order...


Abstract Polyacrylamide flocculants are used for the recovery of fine particles of coal and clay from effluents produced in the cleaning of run-of-mine coal. The cost of these flocculants can be a significant portion of the budget of some coal preparation plants and it is therefore necessary to ensure that flocculants are prepared and used in the most efficient possible way. The development of the Autex disperser for wetting each individual particle of flocculant powder and its use in an automatic preparation system is described. Investigations were carried out to determine the, optimum time of mixing and concentration of solution required to produce a flocculant solution at its maximum efficiency. Results show that the most efficient solution was of about 0.1% w/v concentration and had been mixed for approximately four hours. Ageing of the flocculant solution and/or diluting prior to use did not reduce the time of mixing required to obtain the maximum performance.


After explaining several continuous computing technologies in previous chapters, the book focuses on business continuity management in Chapter XIII. Ensuring higher levels of data and applications availability and hence improving the business continuity is not one-time job. Contrary, it represents a process that has to be managed in an efficient and effective way. It encompasses numerous activities that have to be planned and managed. This chapter introduces the main concepts, standards and approaches of business continuity management. In order to give more comprehensive definition of business continuity from the perspective of systems approach, additional dimensions of the second Churchman's system definition cited in the beginning of the book will be used in this section. According to Churchman " …there exists a.client whose interests (values) are served by S in such a manner that the higher the measure of performance, the better the interests are served, and more generally, the client is the standard of the measure of performance. " In our case, the entire business system represents the client of its information system. The higher the measure of performance (e.g., availability Business Continuity Management ratio) provided by information system, the better the interests of an organization are served. Churchman continues with the following dimension: " …there exists a.decision. maker who-via his resources—can produce changes in the measures of performance of S's components and hence changes in the measure of performance of S. " Decision maker in our case will be one or more IT specialists including system administrator, network administrator, IT manager, business continuity manager, including CIO as well. All of them, via their resources that they use, administer or manage (information technologies), can make decisions and produce changes in the measure of performance of S's components and S as a whole (information system). System administrator, by using system administration tools, techniques, utilities, and so-called " tips-and-tricks " on the system operating platform can " produce changes in the measures of performance of the system " (enhance the system availability ratio). Churchman's designer, who conceptualizes the nature of S in such a manner that the designer's concepts potentially produce actions in the decision maker, and hence changes in the measures of performance of S's components, and hence changes in the measure of performance of S, in our case, will be an IS designer, IS system developer, CIO or even CEO, who may propose or create such solutions or define such …


This short article gives a brief history of the development and growth of the Internet, the applications and their impact on society, the major enabling technologies, and the potential problems. It is intended to be a concise summary of the most important things to know about the Internet without getting into technical details. A general understanding of Computer Science subjects, especially on computer networks and protocols, is assumed.


Humanitarian logistics in response to large scale disasters entails decisions that must be taken urgently and under high uncertainty. In addition, the scarcity of available resources sometimes causes the involved organizations to suffer assaults while transporting the humanitarian aid. This paper addresses the last mile distribution problem that arises in such an insecure environment, in which vehicles are often forced to travel together forming convoys for security reasons. We develop an elaborated methodology based on Ant Colony Optimization that is applied to two case studies built from real disasters, namely the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the 2005 Niger famine. There are very few works in the literature dealing with problems in this context, and that is the research gap this paper tries to fill. Furthermore, the consideration of multiple criteria such as cost, time, equity, reliability, security or priority, is also an important contribution to the literature, in addition to the use of specialized ants and effective pheromones that are novel elements of the algorithm which could be exported to other similar problems. Computational results illustrate the efficiency of the new methodology, confirming it could be a good basis for a decision support tool for real operations.


Objectives: During Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES), a real-time monitoring method is urgently needed to reduce the negative effect induced by muscle fatigue. Technology or Method: A novel method named electrical impedance myography (EIM) is proposed to evaluate muscle fatigue degree during NMES. The experiments were performed on the anterior tibialis muscle on several voluunteers. Two EIM parameters: impedance amplitude (|Z|) and phase (θ), were measured in real time, while applying six NMES parameter combinations. The mean power frequency (MPF) of the surface electromyography (sEMG) was selected for verification of the proposed method. Results: |Z| and θ of EIM signals decreased significantly after NMES (p < 0.05). They also both showed a linear downward trend during NMES, which was also observed in MPF of sEMG signals. At the measurement frequency of 20 kHz, steady-state fatigue was achieved when |Z| decreased to approximately 14% of the initial value. Clinical or Biological Impact: This study provides a method for monitoring muscle fatigue induced by NMES, which is beneficial to the application of NMES.


Based on the observation,analysis and evaluation of foundation settlement of bridges and culverts of Zhengzhou-Xi′an Passenger Dedicated Railway and correspondingly the judgment made for the bridges and culverts of the whole line of the Railway to check if they can meet the current requirements in the specifications and standards,the time for laying ballastless tracks of the Railway was finally determined so that proper measures can be taken in advance to ensure the operation safety and riding comfort of trains.


A global regularity theorem for stress fields which correspond to minimisers of convex and some special nonconvex variational problems is derived for Lipschitz-domains. In the first part it is assumed that the energy densities defining the variational problem are convex but not necessarily strictly convex and satisfy a convexity inequality. The regularity result for this case is derived with a difference quotient technique. In the second part the regularity results are carried over from the convex case to special nonconvex variational problems taking advantage of the relation between nonconvex variational problems and the corresponding (quasi-) convexified problems. The results are applied amongst others to the variational problems for linear elasticity, the p-Laplace operator and for scalar and vectorial two-well potentials (compatible case).


We study an uplink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system with one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). In this system, we recently proposed a supervised-learning (SL) detector by modeling a non-linear end-to-end system function into a parameterized Bernoulli-like model. Despite its attractive performance, the SL detector requires a large amount of labeled data (i.e., pilot signals) to accurately estimate the parameters of the underlying model, since the amount of the parameters grow exponentially with the number of users. In this paper, we address this problem by presenting a semi-supervised learning (SSL) detector where both pilot signals (i.e., labeled data) and some part of data signals (i.e., unlabeled data) are exploited to estimate the parameters via expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SSL detector can achieve the performance of the existing SL detector with significantly lower pilot-overhead.


The multicultural music teacher is now one of world music education's hot topics that have the significant value significance in the Xinjiang multicultural music education in the primary education specialty implementation. As the primary education specialty in music education, must base under the multicultural music education field of vision, the national music took a part, strengthens the student to this national music culture sympathy, raises its esthetic consciousness lets various national outstanding culture be able to inherit and to develop. The present paper in view of the current primary education specialty in music education existence question, proposes the multicultural music education in the primary education specialty implementation theory basis and the suggestion.


Asymmetric film-splitting of shear-thinning liquid between rotating cylinders in forward roll coating is analyzed with the Carreau model of shear-sensitive liquid. The mass and momentum conservation equations for steady, two-dimensional flow are solved by means of the Galerkin finite-element method. A simpler model is also developed from the lubrication approximation and its range of validity is established. The major results are that the greater the shear thinning, the farther out of the gap the splitting meniscus moves, the higher the flow rate through the gap, and the more symmetrical the film split than with Newtonian liquid. Experiments reported in the literature confirm some of these predicted trends.


Pineapple is one of the most economically important fruit crops of Mauritius and is often sold after being minimally processed (MP). Unfortunately, minimally processed whole (MPW) and fresh-cut (MPC) pineapples are susceptible to microbial contamination that can compromise the quality of the products. It is therefore important that MP pineapples have optimal freshness, nutritional quality, and are free from microbial contamination which would otherwise constitute a public health hazard to the consumers.The main aim of this study was to assess the microbiological, nutritional, and physicochemical quality of MP pineapples sourced from wet markets and supermarkets. Samples of MPW and MPC pineapples collected from open markets and supermarkets were subjected to microbiological, pH, and vitamin C analyses. The MP pineapples were also challenged using the specific spoilage organism (SSO), Pseudomonas fluorescens and subsequently stored at either ambient or refrigeration temperature to simulate storage conditions of wet markets and supermarkets, respectively. Laboratory analyses revealed that the Total Viable Counts (TVC), pH, and vitamin C content for MPW and MPC pineapples sampled ranged from 4.8 – 5.5 Log CFU/g, 4.16 – 4.96, and 21.60 – 28.90 mg/100 g, respectively. Since the population density of TVC was less than 7 Log CFU/g, which usually marks the onset of microbiological spoilage, the products were considered to be of a satisfactory microbiological quality. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in the microbiological load, pH, and vitamin C content for pineapples sourced from markets and supermarkets. Taken together, this study reveals that MP pineapples sold in wet markets and supermarkets have a satisfactory microbiological, nutritional, and sensorial quality with a shelf-life of >7 hours and >5 days when stored at room (29°C) and refrigeration (4°C) temperatures, respectively.


An atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) reactor utilizing a unique vertical geometry which enables 3C-SiC films to be grown on two, 4-inch diameter Si wafers has been constructed. Contrary to expectations, 3C-SiC films grown in this reactor are thickest at the downstream end of the substrates. To better understand the reason for the thickness distribution on the wafers, an axisymmetric finite-element model of the gas flow in the reactor was constructed. The model uses the ANSYS53 Flowtran package and includes compressible and temperature-dependent fluid properties in laminar or turbulent flow. It does not include reaction chemistry or unsteady flow. The ANSYS53 results predict that the cool, inlet fluid falls through the inlet pipe and the warm, diffuser region like a jet. This jet impinges on top of the susceptor and gets diverted to the reactor side walls, where it flows to the bottom of the reactor, turns, and slowly rises along the face of the susceptor. This may explain why the SiC films are thickest at the downstream side of the wafers, as gas containing fresh reactants first passes over this region. Modeling results are presented for both one atmosphere and one half atmosphere reactor pressure.


Based on literature sources and MMBI research conducted in 2008-2009, the Dolgaya Bay (Barents Sea) hydrometeorogical conditions are described. The main features of meteorological and hydrological regime in connection to planned tidal power plant construction in the Dolgaya Bay are shown.


Sameh Wahba, AUC alumni and pilot describes talks a bit about his experience at AUC and his dreams both as a journalist and pilot, also describing how they both helped him in becoming a more "serious" person in life and in his profession.


The national standards and military standards in force about titanium and titanium alloy plate strip in China were introduced.The feature,performance index,similarities and differences of them were analysed.The proposal about perfection and development of titanium and titanium alloy plate strip standard system in China was raised.


The author studies the means of expressiveness in the German-language texts of parable, tells that the novelty of this work is in the consideration and analysis of lexical means of figurativeness by the examples of the German-language parable texts: comparisons, metaphors, and its varieties, epithets; and basing on the analysis concludes that parable language is rich enough in tropes, has the developed system of lexical expressiveness against neutral vocabulary.


We reveal that the oxygen atoms in Sn-based anode materials catalyze de/lithiation in form of Li2O intermedium by using a nerve-cell-like anode in Li-ion battery. The nerve-cell-like anode structure was...


Method for prefabricating cables comprising the following steps: introducing an elongate, in particular pin-shaped abutment (6) at the end of a cable (1) between exposed individual wires of a litz-wire conductor (4) of the cable; positioning a sleeve (3) around the outer circumference of the exposed litz-wire conductor (4), with the result that the sleeve surrounds at least one partial length (L) of the exposed litz-wire conductor (4) and of the abutment (6); compressing the sleeve, as a result of which a contact part (7) which is connected to the sleeve (3) and/or the abutment (6) is electrically connected to the litz-wire conductor (4). In addition, the present invention relates to a cable which has been prefabricated in this way.


Following Trager & Bloch (1941), I argue that diphthongs in English are short vowels followed by a glide, that is, a consonant (Szigetvári 2016). In the present paper, I bring further evidence for this claim, based on the distribution of unstressed vowels in British English.


The concepts of tactical interaction, tactical innovation, and tactical adaptation were introduced by McAdam in a 1983 article in American Sociological Review. Tactical innovation refers to the introduction of new and novel tactics by movement actors. McAdam defines tactical adaptation as "the ability of [movement] opponents to neutralize these [innovative] moves through effective tactical counters." Taken together these two "define an ongoing process of tactical interaction in which insurgents and opponents seek, in chess-like fashion, to offset the moves of the other. How well each succeeds at this task crucially affects the pace and outcome of [movement activity]" (1983: 736, emphasis in original). McAdam goes on to demonstrate the utility of these concepts by showing empirically that the pace of insurgency in the US civil rights movement waxed and waned in accordance with these two processes. Peaks in protest activity correspond to the introduction and spread of tactical innovations (e.g., bus boycott, sit-in, Freedom Rides, etc.), while valleys reflect the gradual development of effective tactical counters by social control forces.

Keywords:

interactional sociology, movements, repression, social control


A process is provided for preparing ceric alkoxides, which comprises reacting ceric ammonium nitrate com plexed with and in solution in ethylene or propylene glycol ether or tetrahydrofuran with an anhydrous alkali metal alkoxide at a temperature within the range from about -30°C. to about 200° C., preferably from 0 to about 150° C., until ceric alkoxide and the nitrate salt of the base are formed; the nitrate formed during the reaction is insoluble in the glycol ether and tetrahydro furan and can be separated from the reaction mixture, and the cerium alkoxide when soluble in the glycol ether or tetrahydrofuran can be isolated from the solu tion pure, or as the complex with the alcohol or with the solvent, or in some cases the alkoxide can be used without separation from the reaction mixture in the presence of the nitrate.


The skeleton structure requirements on seismic design were introduced,and it was discussed about seismic grade,structural tensility and joint tube design of skeleton structure.It pointed out in order to enhance skeleton structure seismic performance,and it should make sure the skeleton structure had better tensility and satisfied seismic design requirements.


A summary is given of irradiations that were made to determine the neutron flux distributions in the core of the JEN-1 reactor. Gold foils of 380 mu g and Mn-Ni (12% of Ni) of 30 mg were employed. The epithermal flux was determined by the Cd ratio. The resonance integral values given by Macklin and Pomerance were used. (auth)


Popular travel destinations worldwide are often visited because they are historically significant. As such, many historic locations are promoted using historical imagery. While tourist attractions and travel destinations advertise based on their historical significance, few studies have looked at how the use of history impacts consumer perceptions of the aforementioned travel destinations. This paper examines how retro imagery in visual-based marketing appeals influences consumers' desire to travel to popular tourist locations. The study reported here utilizes two experiments with a travel destination with a known association with retro imagery and nostalgic advertising.


The sharp drop in equity prices across the globe during the 2008 financial crisis coincides with a spike in equity price risk (VIX) of similar magnitude across a broad set of developing and developed countries. This spike in risk across many countries appears unrelated to a sudden shift in fundamentals and does not appear to be the result of a transmission of shocks across countries through financial markets. In this paper we provide an explanation for this phenomenon by developing a model that allows for the possibility of large self-fulfilling shifts in risk. This builds on Bacchetta, Tille and van Wincoop (2010), who develop the concept of risk panics in a closed economy framework. During such a panic a weak macro variable becomes a focal point (coordination device) for a self-fulfilling increase in perceived risk. We show that when macro fundamentals have a limited impact on equity prices during normal times, the risk panic will impact countries very similarly.


Previous text comprehension studies using the contradiction paradigm primarily tested assumptions of the activation mechanism involved in reading. However, the nature of the contradiction in such studies relied on validation of information in readers' general world knowledge. We directly tested this validation process by varying the strength of the relation between information presented in a narrative and information in general world knowledge. In Experiment 1, we found that the strength and timing of the inconsistency effect depended on the strength of this relation. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that this was due to differences in the rates at which readers activated, integrated, and validated information in the high- and low-related conditions. The results are explained within the context of a view of reading that incorporates resonance (R), integration (I), and validation (Val) processes during reading—the RI-Val view of comprehension.


Firewalls are important elements in today's network security. This paper presents a flexible policy-based firewall management framework. The framework provides policy-based management to manage different types of firewalls, such as packet filter firewall, application layer firewall. It is important to know whether the firewall policy configuration and enforcement is correct. We believe that there is a need to verify firewall configurations before and after they are deployed. Our framework uses a analyze tool to discover inconsistency before policies are deployed, the tool is based on formal specification and analysis of policy rule relations. Our framework also provides an automated mechanism for validating firewall policy enforcement after they are deployed.


This project builds upon previous surveys of geographical education across Canada completed by Baine (1991) and Mansfield (2005). The purpose of this study was to survey the geography curriculum in each of the ten provinces and three territories in Canada. Geography and social studies curriculum guidelines for grades 1 through 12 were collected in each regional jurisdiction across Canada. A summary of key information was recorded for each grade in each jurisdiction; included were course title, prominent themes, and units of instruction. The overall goal during data analysis was to draw a series of comparisons between the general trends discovered by Baine (1991) and Mansfield (2005) and the patterns that emerged from geography curriculum documents as of 2009. The data suggested that, with the exception of Ontario, all provinces and territories have de-emphasized or deleted specific courses or units in geographical education. In a social studies curriculum dominated by history and civics, there is often little stated emphasis on geographical content, concepts, or skills in grades 1 through 12.


Wheat yellow mosaic virus(WYMV)and Chinese wheat mosaic virus(CWMV)are similar in symptoms,transmission routes and occurrence rule and it is difficult to detect them with the traditional methods.Aiming at this problem,multiplex RT-PCR was established to detect WYMV and CWMV at the same time.Three degenerate primers CWWY-R2,CW1-F2 and WY1-F2 were designed according to variation in nucleotide sequence between CWMV and WYMV.The cDNAs were reverse transcripted with total plant RNA as template and CWWY-R2 as the reverse transcription primer.Then a fast detection method of these two viruses was established through optimizing the concentrations of the main ingredients and PCR conditions.The optimal PCR reaction system was 1.6 μL of diluted cDNA,0.4 μL of each primer set(10 μmol·L-1 forward and reverse primer each),2 μL of 10×PCR Buffer(without Mg2+),0.4 μL of dNTPs(10 mmol·L-1 each),0.8 μL of Taq DNA polymerase(5 U·μL-1),0.8 μL of MgCl2(25 mmol·L-1) and 13.2 μL ddH2O.The PCR Reaction profile was as denaturation at 94℃ for 5 min,30 cycles of 94℃ for 50 s,50℃ for 50 s and 72℃ for 90 s,a final extension at 72℃ for 10 min.Expected fragments of 508 bp for WYMV and 918 bp for CWMV were successfully amplified by the multiplex RT-PCR method.The samples from Gaoyou,Yangzhou and Dafeng County of Jiangsu Province were detected with this method,and the results revealed that they were infected by WYMV,WYMV and CWMV,respectively.Expreimental results showed that this method was with high efficiency and accuracy.


BACKGROUND
No qualitative studies have so far been conducted about patients' attitudes and perceptions toward their own health literacy and the use of digital apps in health and disease management based in Austria.

AIM
In the context of digital apps, what are patients' attitudes and perceptions with regard to their own health literacy?

METHOD
Guided interviews were conducted with patients in an Austrian hospital to obtain qualitative data. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data.

FINDINGS
Responses to the research questions fell into three main categories: 'health', 'health literacy' and 'digital applications in health and disease management', with each having its own set of subcategories. Digital apps appear to be an important strategy for helping patients optimise their own health literacy, as well as their health or disease management. Challenges referred to the handling of sensitive data or the possibility of publishing unfiltered information.

CONCLUSION
Further studies need to be carried out to gain a more detailed understanding of the findings. Personal experience plays an important role in supporting quantitative findings.


Greenhouse environment control is challenging since it is a partially open system being complex, nonlinear and highly uncertain. For such a complex system, empirical knowledge is often not sufficient to control the environment well. This paper proposes an approach for environment control based on computational experiments. The data source is from the second Autonomous Greenhouses International Challenge. Descriptive model is built with lightGBM algorithm for air temperature and CO2 concentration inside greenhouse. Computational experiments were carried out to optimize the ventilation opening, which has double effect of cooling and CO2 concentration decreasing. The aim of optimization is to keep the temperature as close as possible to the set line, while keeping a necessary level of CO2 concentration. The results indicate that the temperature can be better controlled than the original empirical methods for different conditions, while the CO2 concentration is maintained. The proposed approach overcomes the shortage of controlling ventilation with static knowledge, and can be applied to the real greenhouse.


RBS is the indispensability means of analyze elements component of the surface layer of solid,impurity concentration and distribution of content,as well as film thickness,interface specialty analysis.The method has the advantages of high sensitivity,short analysis times,low damage to the sample and simple and reliable analyses etc.In the field of research it has wide application.Focusing on starting with Rutherford Backscattering technology analysis theory,using the wide-angle Coulomb scattering between projectile ion and target nuclei,through the measurements of scattering ion energy,yield and other physical to determine impurity atoms depth distribution and other parameters in the target.Thus we can have more comprehensive understanding of the target impurity species,the distribution and so on.


The types of resistors considered are generally referred to as power resistors to distinguish them from their smaller cousins used in the electronics industry. Power resistors have traditionally been assigned a nominal power rating based on their steady state continuous duty and we look at nominal ratings between 30 watts and 750 Watts. These are often used in snubber circuits, for steady state voltage sharing and for dynamic braking of motors. Many power electronics applications demand higher dissipation than this, but often only for very short duration. Later on we look at the short time capabilities within this range.


Bioretention is an important low impact technology that has prominent stormwater detention and purification capacity. Current study focused on analyzing the impact of environmental factors and system structure on bioretention evaporation efficiency. In operational phase, the moisture content in bioretention packing changes constantly, directly affecting the stagnation efficiency of the bioretention. Therefore, it is very important to study the evaporation efficiency of the bioretention for objective evaluation of hydrologic effects. In this study, an artificial climate chamber was used to investigate the effect of environmental factors and bioretention structure on the evaporation efficiency of bioretention. The evaporation capacity of bioretention was analyzed under different temperature and relative humidity conditions in a laboratory-scale artificial climate chamber. The result showed that evaporation rate at the initial stage was close to the maximum evaporation capacity under an environmentally controlled rapid decrease. Results revealed that after 15 h, the evaporation rate decreased more than 60%, and the evaporation rate decreased rapidly at the higher temperature, whereas the evaporation rate in the third stage was low and stable. It was about 1 mm/d (0.82~1.1 mm/d) and formed a dry soil layer. The results revealed that cumulative evaporation of the bioretention with a submerged zone was notably higher than that without the submerged zone, and the cumulative evaporation after 50 h was 16.48% higher. In the second stage of evaporation, the decreasing amplitude of the evaporation capacity of bioretention with the submerged zone was also relatively slow. Moisture content in upper layers in bioretention packing was recharged from the bottom submerged zone by capillary action and water vapor diffusion. These research findings can be used to evaluate the hydrologic effect of bioretention and can also be used to guide its design.


This essay gives an extensive examination of competition assessment and remedies in IPR-related merger cases in China, and aims to reveal the impact of IPRs on merger control under the framework of China's Anti-monopoly Law.


A POSSIBLE FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION IS DEVELOPED FOR THE DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE SURFACES AND OTHER STRUCTURES INVOLVING SOIL OR AGGREGATE MASSES. THE FORMULA MAY BE ABLE TO SUBSTANTIATE THE HOUSEL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL SUPPORT AND PERIMETER AREA FOR A GIVEN DEFLECTION. THE DERIVATION OF THE RELATION BETWEEN THE INCREASE IN SUPPORTING STRENGTH AND LAYER THICKNESS FOR FOUNDATION MATERIALS OVER A SUBGRATE, WHERE THE LOAD TESTS INDICATE HOUSEL'S RELATIONSHIP IS BEING MAINTAINED, THROWS FURTHER LIGHT ON THE DESIGN SITUATION, AS IT AFFORDS AN INDICATION OF WHICH TYPE OF DESIGN FORMULA MAY BE REQUIRED TO MOST NEARLY REPRESENT CONDITIONS. IT INDICATES THAT THE SUPPORTING POWER OF THE FOUNDATION IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE FOUNDATION MATERIAL STRENGTH, FROM WHICH IT WOULD FOLLOW THAT METHODS WHICH SPECIFY SET FOUNDATION THICKNESSES, REGARDLESS OF FOUNDATION MATERIAL QUALITY, ARE INCORRECT. /AUTHOR/


The El Reno Oklahoma Mesonet (ELRE) site is one of a few Oklahoma Mesonet sites that has measured inversions of 10°C or greater between 1.5 and 9 m. Historical analyses revealed that strong inversions at ELRE have occurred because of rapid cooling near the surface shortly after sunset when conditions are calm, clear, and dry. In addition, ELRE is a very well sited station and is located on very slightly sloped terrain with no obstructions nearby. Four Portable Automated Research Micrometeorological Stations (PARMS) were deployed along a transect orthogonal to ELRE for 3 months in the spring of 2005 to quantify the micrometeorological processes that caused rapid cooling and subsequent strong inversions to form. One-minute data collected from the PARMS and ELRE during the study verified the variability and duration of strong inversion events. Analyses from the field study also revealed that significant horizontal and vertical differences in air temperature and wind speed existed during periods of differential wind speeds between the PARMS and ELRE.


Colonic intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC‐IM) are associated with cholinergic varicosities, suggesting a role in mediating excitatory neurotransmission. Ca2+ release in ICC‐IM activates Ano1, a Ca2+‐activated Cl− conductance, causing tissue depolarization and increased smooth muscle excitability. We employed Ca2+ imaging of colonic ICC‐IM in situ, using mice expressing GCaMP6f in ICC to evaluate ICC‐IM responses to excitatory neurotransmission. Expression of muscarinic type 2, 3 (M2, M3), and NK1 receptors were enriched in ICC‐IM. NK1 receptor agonists had minimal effects on ICC‐IM, whereas neostigmine and carbachol increased Ca2+ transients. These effects were reversed by DAU 5884 (M3 receptor antagonist) but not AF‐DX 116 (M2 receptor antagonist). Electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the presence of L‐NNA and MRS 2500 enhanced ICC‐IM Ca2+ transients. Responses were blocked by atropine or DAU 5884, but not AF‐DX 116. ICC‐IM responses to EFS were ablated by inhibiting Ca2+ stores with cyclopiazonic acid and reduced by inhibiting Ca2+ influx via Orai channels. Contractions induced by EFS were reduced by an Ano1 channel antagonist, abolished by DAU 5884, and unaffected by AF‐DX 116. Colonic ICC‐IM receive excitatory inputs from cholinergic neurons via M3 receptor activation. Enhancing ICC‐IM Ca2+ release and Ano1 activation contributes to excitatory responses of colonic muscles.


Features of stabilized ballistic targets radar imaging are considered at this work. We introduce the algorithm of determining the observation angle law for radar imaging purposes. The proposed algorithm is based on the combination of trajectory estimation results and backscattering signals


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a box for memory disks by which the memory disks can be easily kept and transported and they are not damaged. SOLUTION: The upper part and the lower part of the box 14 to contain a plurality of memory disks provided with partition holes are opened by the first and the second side walls (18, 26), (20, 28) which are long and arranged opposite to each other, and the third and the fourth side walls 22 which are short and arranged opposite to each other. And the first and the second tooth rows (50a-50n) fitting to the periphery edge of the disks are formed at every equal distance at the inside of the first and the second side walls (18, 26), (20, 28). And further, the first and the second recessed notches which are larger than the hole of the memory disk and extend from the upper part of the third and the fourth side walls 22 to the lower part thereof and further, which are arranged opposite to each other, are provided at the third and the fourth side walls 22 so that the hole of the memory disks are exposed to the outside.


The tradition campus network can all been classified three level star or reticulation model, but more and more disadvantage is uncovered because the increase of network consumer and application service. The paper aims at settling up these disadvantage and shortcoming, puts forward the new coniform campus network design model, this model has well network bandwidth and network manage capability, and it offsets the disadvantage of tradition campus network construction model at large scale.


The current paper describes various co‐branding methods that are available to franchisors and franchisees. The paper also presents an exploratory study that provides some insight into the activities in which franchisors in the food service industry may be willing to engage, in collaboration with other firms, when entering and maintaining co‐branding relationships. A sample of International Franchise Association (IFA) members was selected for the survey.


Abstract. In man tolbutamide was shown to share certain properties with the drugs handled by the hepatic drug‐metabolizing system: its prolonged administration is capable of accelerating its own metabolism; the same effect is obtained by pretreatment with microsomal inducers such as phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin and diazepam. — Chronic addiction to alcohol produces an enhanced rate of tolbutamide metabolism; on the other hand, prolonged treatment with tolbutamide is able to increase the rate of ethanol oxidation. The existence of a microsomal oxidation of ethanol supports the hypothesis that microsomes may be the site of the interference between alcohol and tolbutamide. — Additional evidence is provided by the observed inhibition of tolbutamide metabolism by ethanol infusion.


The merits of cylindrical and spherical metal vessels and of pre- stressed concrete vessels are discussed, together with the problems associated with their construction. The stresses to which the vessels are subjected, the resulting strains, and the conditions to be respected are considered. It appears that the concrete vessels permit higher coolant gas pressures and have a higher intrinsic safety. (D.C.W.)


It is said that the goal of the design of good acoustical environment is at first the reduction of undesirable sounds. and in addition the introduction of desirable sounds by which our minds are soothed. The task of creating the desirable sounds leads to the realization of a comfortable acoustic environment and the design of soundscape. It may be an important starting point of soundscape design to select suitable sounds for the target spaces. because each space has a different surrounding condition and requires a special ambient sound. This paper aims to survey preference of the environmental sounds suitable for the public spaces in urban areas such as parks. bus terminals. 35 kinds of natural sounds are. rated by 26 pairs of adjectives. The results of psycho-acoustic experiments are as follows. 1. The proper adjectives for expressing the environmental sounds are classified into 6 groups of comfort, pleasure, fullness. variety, distinctness. and naturalness. 2. Bird singing. murmuring of a stream, artificial sounds. singing of insects and animals are the affirmative rank of preference. 3. Green musics consisted of music and natural sounds are preferred to the pure natural sounds. 4. Sound level relative to background noise causes various preferences to natural sounds in public spaces.


A real-time simulating and testing instrument was introduced.DSP was used to collect high speed data and the protocol was using TCP/IP for data transmission,Virtual instrument technology used in data analysis treatment can meet the requirement of capability test,primary frequency regulation testing,parameter identification test and simulation for hydraulic turbine speed governor.


Recently, a linear disruption predictor (Vega et al 2020 Nucl. Fusion 60 026001) was installed in the JET real-time network for disruption mitigation purposes. From a mathematical point of view, the predictor is based on computing centroids of disruptive examples and non-disruptive examples in a two-dimensional space. This is the reason for calling it centroid method (CM). It uses a single signal: the mode lock normalized to the plasma current. The predictor is not based on thresholds to trigger alarms but on the differences of amplitudes between consecutive samples. The article analyses its results for the range of discharges 94 152–97 137 (June 2019–March 2020), including discharges of both baseline scenario and hybrid scenario. The article presents a comparison between the CM predictor and several different disruption detection systems operational in the JET real-time event detection platform named PETRA (Plasma Events Triggering for Alarms). The CM predictor outperforms all the other classifiers implemented in PETRA, according to all the main statistical indicators normally used to qualify these tools.


For the purpose of improving the multi-axis synchronous control precision for shaft-less drive printing press, this paper presents a leader-follower mode based flocking control method. First, based on flocking intelligence theory, as well as the use of graph theory and matrix theory, the interaction relation of each agent is described and the distributed synchronous control strategy is proposed. Next, PID controllers are designed to make tracking error and synchronous coordinating error converge to zero, respectively. Specifically, by using an offline parameter optimization method, the system has received a better synchronous performance. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methodology.


The paper describes the design and implementation of a new type on nonlinear digital controller. This controller and other comparable ones are evaluated by implementing them on a laboratory microturboalternator system coupled to a minicomputer. Offline theoretical predictions of the system response, based on a comprehensive mathematical model, are presented. The results show that the transient performance of this new controller compares favourably with that of existing digital controllers. A novel nonrecursive solution to the discrete Riccati equation is also demonstrated.


Image blur resulting from camera motion is an annoying factor for robotic vision, especially for high-speed applications. This work proposes a sensor fusion model for blind image de-blurring using inertial measurement unit. The model attempts to observe the camera motion, estimate the point spread function and de-convolute the image simultaneously. To solve the problem, an iterative estimation procedure using Maximum A-Posteriori Expectation-Maximization (MAP-EM) algorithms and Unscented Kalman Filter are proposed. Simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed formulation to blindly de-blurring the image under camera motion.


This project introduces a novel multidisciplinary approach combining Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks and Granular Computing, to the data processing and information generation problem in large urban traffic systems. It addresses the challenge of realtime information generation and dissemination in such systems by designing and investigating a hierarchical real-time information framework. The research work is complemented by designing and developing a simulator for such a system, which provides a simulation environment for the model developed. The proposed multidisciplinary hierarchical real-time information processing and dissemination system framework utilises results from two different areas of study, which are Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETS) and Granular Computing concepts. Furthermore, a new geographically constrained VANET topology for information generation is proposed, simulated and investigated.


Two new fluorescent chemosensors have been designed and synthesised through functionalisation of a common 7-aminocoumarin precursor. One sensor features a di(2-picoyl)amine metal ion-binding moiety that allows for selective detection of Zn2+ ions over other common cations in aqueous solution, with the sensor exhibiting a 5.4-fold increase in fluorescence upon Zn2+ binding (limit of detection = 26 nM). The second sensor incorporates an aminophenyl group designed to react with highly reactive oxygen species (hROS). This sensor reacts with ClO− in preference to other ROS, exhibiting a 27-fold increase in fluorescence upon the addition of 150 equivalents of ClO− (limit of detection = 2 μM).


: Nowadays, there are different geotechnical software solutions for prediction of retaining structures and soil behavior, with satisfactory accuracy. Given the input parameters based on the quality exploratory work, the software provide a reliable assessment of the causes of certain structural damage to the designers of geotechnical structures, enabling them to choose cost-efficient and reliable technical solutions in remediation or construction of new structures. The potential in conduction of various kinds of researches using adequate numerical models are great, whereby variant solutions and corresponding parametric analysis can be compared. In this paper, the case study has been subjected to necessary analyses and a proposition for the repair of damage on the roadbed has been formulated. This proposition was realized and it has been described in the paper. form the aspect of safety coefficients, characteristic sliding planes and by comparing the strained models. The comparison performed for the : initial state – drained soil; state – soil and for the proposed repair model. Simulation in the numerical model confirmed the existing structure. From repair model The proposed model may an for solving of similar cases in


Objective
Fungi produce many different carotenoids and some are attractive in medical and industrial sources. In this work the ability of Mucor hiemalis (PTCC 5292) to produce carotenoids in media with different nitrogenous and carbon sources and incubation with white, yellow, blue and red lights (15W, 220V, E27) against dark-grown were studied.
Materials and Method
The microorganism cultivation in SDA medium, with or without aeration (120 rpm) at 25 °C. Mycelia were collected and dried at 50 °C. The dried mycelia were homogenized in hexane, acetone and H2SO4 (0.5 M) solvents.  The carotenoids determined by TLC and HPLC methods.
Results
Theresults showed that M. hiemalis accumulated astaxanthin (mono-esters, di-esters and free), echinenone and canthaxanthin in the mycelia in different conditions. Blue and white lights incubation was the best for production of carotenoid pigments with 1.2 and 1.33 mg/g dried mycelia respectively, but the red light incubation not only did not have an amplifying effect on the production of carotenoid but also slightly reduced this effect. Also, the effect of intervention of lactose sugar showed more effectiveness in producing carotenoid than yeast extract and dextrose or in the presence of both of them.
Conclusion
The information reported in this study on the comparative ability of M. hiemalis for producing carotenoids, should be useful for assessing the biotechnological production of carotenoid pigments if it incubates with white or blue lights.


The large tropical forest tree, Anacardium excelsum (Bertero & Balb. Ex Kunth) Skeels, of the family Anacardiaceae, was studied in Panama. Using Alexander's stain, which differentiates aborted and non-aborted pollen, the proportion of aborted pollen versus plant age, size variation in aborted and non-aborted pollen and pollen:ovule ratio were estimated. Aborted pollen was smaller than non-aborted pollen regardless of plant age. The proportion of aborted pollen varied from 15.8 to 54.7% showing a steady increase with plant age, and the pollen:ovule ratio also increased with age. These results support the qualitative prediction that pollen abortion gradually increases with ageing reflecting an increase in genetic load with age. Key words: Age effect, reproductive success, tropical forest


Eucalypt forestry in sub-Saharan Africa is challenged by non-native eucalypt-feeding insects. In recent studies, six invasive eucalypt insect pests, namely Blastopsylla occidentalis, Glycaspis brimblecombei, Gonipterus sp.n.2, Leptocybe invasa, Thaumastocoris peregrinus and Ophelimus maskelli were confirmed present in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the diversity and distribution of natural enemies of these pests in six countries in the region. Plant parts (leaves, petioles and stem) infested with the insect pests were sampled from multiple sites in each country. The emerged natural enemies were identified using morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data. Nine species of natural enemies were confirmed present in the surveyed countries, namely Anaphes nitens, Closterocerus chamaeleon, Megastigmus sp., M. pretorianensis, Psyllaephagus blastopsyllae, P. bliteus, Quadrastichus mendeli, Selitrichodes kryceri and S. neseri. No natural enemies were found in Ghana and Sierra Leone despite the presence of L. invasa in both of those countries. Interestingly, most of these natural enemies were unintentionally introduced into the surveyed countries. Results of this study showed that both insect pests and natural enemies introduced into one country are likely to affect many other countries in the region. These findings call for a more coordinated approach to the management of plantation pests in the region.


In this paper, we study the selection and active trading of stocks by the use of a clustering algorithm and time series outlier analysis. The Partitioning Among Mediods (PAM) clustering algorithm of Kaufman and Rousseeuw(1990) is used to restrict the initial set of stocks. We find that PAM is effective in its ability to specify nonuniform stock series from the entire universe. We are pleasantly surprised that the algorithm eliminated the bankrupt Enron and Federal Mogul stock series, without our intervention. We use outlier analysis to define two separate active trading strategies. The outliers within a time series are determined by the use of a Kalman Filter/Smoother model developed by de Jong and Penzer(1998). Weekly trading in stocks with an initial $30,000 with a closed stock portfolio from 1993 to 2001, we obtained a 17.8% annual return on a cash surrogate passive strategy, 18.1% on a passive strategy using all the stocks in our restricted asset universe, 20.2% on a combined cash protected and outlier active strategy, and 23.3% using the outlier active strategy only. Comparing these results to the passive strategy being entirely invested in the S&P 500 Large Cap index with at 9.9% return, we find that under this stock portfolio any of our strategies are superior to that of a purely passive index strategy.


On 8 April 1789, the day after he conducted a performance of his arrangement of Handel's Messiah, K. 572, at Count Johann Esterhizy's palace for Baron van Swieten's Society of Associated Cavaliers, Mozart left Vienna, accompanied by his friend, patron, and Masonic brother Prince Karl Lichnowsky, for a lengthy journey to Berlin and several neighboring cities in northern Germany. He was to be absent from home for a full two months. It was the first time he and his wife Constanze had been separated since their marriage in August 1782: they had travelled together to Salzburg in 1783 as well as on visits to Prague in January-February 1787 and again in October-November of the same year. From the first poststation, he described how he wept as he looked at her portrait: "I write this note with eyes full of tears."' Travelling by way of Budwitz, Mozart and Lichnowsky arrived in Prague on the loth. From there he reported to Constanze on two matters of great import which virtually guaranteed a prosperous outcome to his journey: he had sought out Domenico Guardasoni, who had succeeded Pasquale Bondini as impresario of the Italian opera in Prague, and received from him a commitment for a new opera to be presented "next autumn" on most favorable terms-25o ducats (i.e., 1125 florins) including travel expenses; it was all "practically arranged," wrote Mozart.2 Even more exciting, he told her he had received confirmation that King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia not only would welcome him but was anxiously awaiting his arrival in Potsdam. The oboist Friedrich Ramm, who had just come from Berlin, told Mozart "that the King had frequently and insistently inquired whether it was certain that I was coming to Berlin, as I had not yet appeared. He had said a second time: 'I fear that he will not come at


"These strange signs, which I am unable either to praise or to condemn, remind me of an admirable and useful saying of Carriere's: 'Think of what it would be like as a statue."'1In the December, 1908 issue of the Mercure de France, Charles Morice puzzled over a new kind of art which he had no way of knowing would become the major underwriter of the modern tradition as we know it. Sympathetic, but lost for words, Morice serves as an eloquent reminder, as does Apollinaire occasionally, that at that time there was no formalistic critical apparatus for talking about what has since become known as Cubism.


Here in we report, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) prepared from leaf extract of Datura metel L. via green synthesis method. Datura metel L. is an herbal medicinal plant of solanaceae family. The as - prepared Ag NPs characterized employing UV-Vis spectrometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) techniques. The appearance of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak at 415 nm suggested that creation of Ag NPs in UV-Vis spectrum. XRD pattern showed face centered cubic crystal structure of Ag NPs with organometallic complex phase. Peaks in FTIR spectrum reveal the existence of biomolecules. SEM image illustrate their clastic rock morphology and EDAX profile authenticate the company of Ag and plant trace element. The Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Choronopotentiometry, and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis were performed as prepared Ag electrode. The specific capacitance of 267.59 F/g at 0.5 A/g and cyclic retention of 83.7% after charge-discharge 5000 cycles are obtained. Hence this material could be utilized as Supercapacitor energy storage devices.


The hot carrier solar cell (HCSC) is a novel concept to utilize the maximum energy from the sun in a photovoltaic device. It requires a hot carrier absorber (HCA) material which can absorb a broad range of solar energy and maintain 'hot' carriers for a long enough time to allow extraction of the carriers whilst they are still hot, thus minimizing the thermalization loss. It also requires energy and charge carrier selective contacts incorporated in the device. Recent literature presents many potential HCA materials with their pros and cons. In this paper, we explore the structural and optical properties of atomic layer deposited HfOxNy thin film, as a candidate HCSC material.


In Beckett we can detect themes of central importance to psychiatry. In both his novels and plays, his characters struggle with difficulties in memory, narration and vocalisation, with repetition, progression and ending, with failure, and with the pressure of incessant speech. Contemporary scholars