This article will, however, mainly focus on some of the projects done by Kenya's Community Health and Awareness Puppeteers (CHAPS) and arepp: Theatre for Life (sic) from South Africa in an attempt to analyse the role of the puppet's dual nature and sign systems in educational puppetry.


Today quantum computer modeling thematic attracts many scientists as it is difficult to examine theoretically synthesized quantum algorithms. The main problem is whether a newly created algorithm would have an efficient implementation on the quantum computer or not. Mathematical core of quantum computations is quite discovered and allows quantum computer workflow simulation using classical computers. However simulating the workflow without optimizations causes performance decrease even for modeling of small quantum systems consisted of less than ten qubits. One of the methods for molding performance improvement is using quantum gates transform optimization algorithm. The algorithm uses heuristic optimizations to achieve better performance result. In this work flowcharts of optimization algorithm presented describing single qubit quantum gate transform and controlled gate transform. The results comparison of the classical mathematical approach for quantum computer simulation and using optimization algorithm shows that there is a significant performance improvement using quantum gates transform optimization algorithm.


Six hexaploid triticale strains were crossed as female parents with a set of six commercial wheat cultivars to study the effect of parental genotypes on crossability in triticale x wheat crosses. Significant differences were observed in crossability among different parental lines. Crossability in triticale x wheat crosses ranged from 0.7 to 59.7%. The highest mean seed sets of 26.3 and 22.5% were obtained with DT 78 and Raj 3077, respectively.


In the wake of 21st century, Low-tech industry is still the footstone of China economic development. Low-tech industry has become the pillar industry of national economy over the past 30 years of rapid growth, while labor-intensive products with low technology content and value-added will be the focus of low-tech sector. Confronted with increasingly intensive technology competition and excessive production capacity of manufacture industry worldwide, more and more enterprises realize it is urgent to find new development way. This text analyzes the development condition, opportunities and challenges of China low-tech sector based on Dongguan textile & garment industry. A basic qualitative and quantitative approach to the competitiveness of low tech industry is sketched out by production capacity and efficiency, innovation, human resource and market environment. The significance of low-tech industry for processes of economic development is stressed. In the conclusion I suggest that it is necessary to set up technology innovation mechnism to serve for SMEs and complete the basic work of business management. It is urgent for the government to formulate the relative law and policy to eliminate the system obstacles of industry cluster and encourage low-tech firms "go abroad" to implement internationalization strategy. This is a realistic way of promoting the healthy development of China low-tech industry to cope with the internal disturbance and foreign aggression under the financial crises.


A necessary condition for the optimization of multistage counter-current processes is derived in a variant of the discrete maximum principle. This result can be used to optimize a process where the states in any number of stages have direct effects on one another. To illustrate this, a multistage countercurrent extraction process is analyzed; and under a certain performance index such a process is found to have an advantage over the corresponding crosscurrent process.


This paper presented an investigation into the performance of system identification using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) technique for the dynamic modelling of a two-dimensional flexible plate structure. It is confirmed experimentally, using National Instrumentation (NI) Data Acquisition System (DAQ) and flexible plate test rig that ANFIS can be effectively used for modelling the system with highly accurate results. The accuracy of the modelling results is demonstrated through validation tests including training and test validation and correlation tests.


The effect of anisotropy in the nearest-neighbor spin interactions that couple $N\geq 2$ consecutive spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic chains is studied theoretically by considering the limit where the coupling is purely of the Ising type. An analysis based on the equivalent Luttinger model reveals that the groundstate is an Ising antiferromagnet in general.


Digital technologies shape travel environments. Noticing online privacy issues, consumers can hold distinct attitudes towards disclosing personal information to service providers. We conducted a panel survey to gauge travelers' willingness to share personal information with service providers, provided with different types of nudges. Based on the results of clustering analysis, two segments were identified: travelers who are reasonably willing to share (Privacy Rationalists) and those who are reluctant to share (Privacy Pessimists). This study provides empirical evidence of privacy segmentations in the travel context, which has not been reported


We determine a fundamental upper bound on the performance of any adaptive protocol for discrimination or estimation of a channel which has an unknown parameter encoded in the state of its environment. Since our approach relies on the principle of data processing, the bound applies to a variety of discrimination measures, including quantum relative entropy, hypothesis testing relative entropy, R\'enyi relative entropy, fidelity, and quantum Fisher information. We apply the upper bound to thermal (amplifier) channels with a known transmissivity (gain) but unknown excess noise. In these cases, we find that the upper bounds are achievable for several discrimination measures of interest, and the method for doing so is non-adaptive, employing a highly squeezed two-mode vacuum state at the input of each channel use. Estimating the excess noise of a thermal channel is of principal interest for the security of quantum key distribution, in the setting where a fiber-optic cable has a known transmissivity but a tampering eavesdropper alters the excess noise on the channel, so that estimating the excess noise as precisely as possible is desirable. Finally, we outline a practical strategy which can be used to achieve these limits.


Porphyromonas gingivalis, the gram-negative anaerobic oral bacterium, initiates periodontal disease by binding to saliva-coated oral surface. The cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) genetically linked to FimA1 (1-200 aa) or FimA2 (201-337 aa) of the P. gingivalis fimbrial antigen were introduced into Solanum tuberosum cells by Agro- bacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. The integration of CTB-FimA1 or CTB-FimA2 fusion genes were confirmed in the chromosome of transformed leaves by genomic DNA PCR amplification method. Synthesis and assembly of the CTB-FimA fusion proteins into oligomeric structures with pentamer size was detected in transformed tuber extracts by immunoblot analysis. The binding activities of CTB-FimA fusion proteins to intestinal epithelial cell membrane receptors were confirmed by GM1-ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GM1-ELISA). The ELISA showed that the expression levels of the CTB-FimA1 or CTB-FimA2 fusion proteins were 0.0019, 0.002% of the total soluble protein in transgenic tuber tissues, respectively. The synthesis of CTB-FimA monomers and their assembly into biologically active oligomers in transformed potato tuber tissues demonstrates the feasibility of using edible plants for the production of enterocyte targeted fimbrial antigens that could elicit mucosal immune responses.


Aim: This project intends to explore Saudi EFL teachers' voice in decision making and educational reform. The researcher will engage in an exploration and exposition of the power relations between EFL teachers and the Saudi educational policy which is top-down, deterministic and exclusionary in nature. The main aims are to problematize and critique the deterministic top-down educational practices in the Saudi educational system that marginalize teachers and neglect their voice in the educational processes, raise teachers' awareness about their marginalization and its effect on their practice, and propose a different model of educational management in the Saudi educational context. A major part of the study's agenda is to bring to light issues that have never been considered seriously in educational research within the Saudi context. These include: teachers' voicelessness, marginalization, de-professionalization, and exclusion Theory: The overall theoretical framework underpinning this work is informed by Critical theory. According to Gibson (1986) critical theorists in education has three main goals. First, they strive to locate all kinds of inequalities and injustices in educational systems. Then, they try to trace those oppressive educational realities to their origin and expose how they are sustained. In the final stage, they propose remedies and solutions for those injustices. Critical studies on Teachers' voice in the Saudi public educational context are almost absent from literature. Therefore the current study is an attempt to bridge that gap. However, studies such as Mullick (2013) and Alfahadi (2012) are significant in that they included some elements relevant to the focus of the current research project. Design : The study is informed by the critical paradigm and will be qualitative in nature. It will be conducted in Saudi Arabia. A number of 20 Saudi EFL teachers form different public schools will be purposively chosen to participate. The scope of this study is on depth rather than breadth. In addition to its critical agenda, this study intends to get an in-depth understanding of the nature, causes, and consequences of this phenomenon. This is important to expose reality, analyze it critically and present an alternative version of that distorted reality. Therefore, in-depth interviews will be the main data collection methods. Data will be thematically analyzed. Analysis and interpretation will be guided by the Thematic Analysis Model developed by Braun and Clarke (2006). To insure validity of the study, the researcher will adopt a number of techniques. These include: member checking, rich description and clarification of research bias (Creswell, 2012). The time framework set for completing this project is 2 years and will be funded by the government. (Preliminary) Results Project is in progress and the researcher hasn't reached this stage yet. Questions The researcher needs feedback on the following points: 1- Given the cultural sensitivity to critical approaches in the Saudi context, what do you think are the best ways to convince teachers to take part in this project? 2- What are the potential risks of employing a single research method (in-depth interviews). 3- The issues the researcher intends to explore are almost absent from educational literature in Saudi Arabia: how can the researcher approach his literature review in this case? Keywords : EFL English as a Foreign Language References Alfahadi, A. (2012). Saudi teachers' views on appropriate cultural models for EFL textbooks: insights into TESOL teachers' management of global cultural flows and local realities in their teaching worlds (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Exeter). Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101. Creswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications. Gibson, R. (1986). Critical theory and education. London: Hodder and Stoughton. Mullick, H. (2013). Voices Imprisoned Within Classrooms: A Critical Approach to Curriculum Development and Teacher Voice on a Preparatory Year English language Program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Bilin. Mult. Teach. Eng, 1(2), 37-48.


A detailed study of the lava-pyroclastic sequence exposed in the walls of the Opasny ("Dangerous") Canyon at the western slope of the Mutnovsky volcano (Southern Kamchatka, Russia) has allowed us to identify four pumice and ten welded tuff units. Only some fragments of the canyon walls have been studied earlier (e.g., Seligman et al., 2014) because even in summer they were partly covered by snowpacks. In recent years, most of the snowpacks have melted, which made it possible to carry out continuous tracing of rocks horizons exposed in the >70 m high canyon walls. During our field investigations, we managed to describe and correlate the sections of the upper, middle and lower parts of the canyon and to compile a summary section of major pyroclastic units. High-precision electron microprobe and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of pumice and welded tuffs have allowed us to identify all of them as the products of the Gorely caldera complex, which neighbors Mutnovsky volcano from the northwest. Modern intra-caldera Gorely edifice is a shield volcano however, our findings highlight the importance of this eruptive center as a source of powerful middle-late Pleistocene explosive eruptions. Geochemical correlation of pyroclastic horizons with distal tephra layers found in the North Pacific sediment cores allowed us to determine the ages of the eruptions based on age models for the cores (Rea et al., 1993, 1995). The oldest pumice tuff exposed at the bottom of the Opasny Canyon was emplaced ∼350 ka BP, which is consistent with the 361±8 ka Ar-Ar date obtained on the welded tuff north of the Gorely caldera (Bindeman et al., 2010). Two upper pumice horizons were erupted 160-180 and ∼30 ka BP in agreement with their stratigraphic position above welded tuffs Ar-Ar dated at 227-332 ka (Seligman et al., 2014). This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant #16-17-10035.


Awareness of audience is a difficult concept for young writers to embrace. However, Weblogs or blogging may foreground the needs of the audience for a given written work, and provide novice authors the tools to obtain and make use of audience feedback, and subsequently, grow as writers who are aware of their audience. The article presents a case study conducted in a second-grade classroom for the purpose of comparing students' growing awareness of audience and the ways in which their written work addressed the needs of the audience. Methods used included analysis of student written work, student comments to peers on blog posts, and survey data. Findings show that student writers were able to improve their writing based on the near-immediate feedback provided by their peers; students were able to provide substantive feedback on the work of others; and students were motivated to revise their work based on the feedback they received via blog comments.


COPD is commonly associated with nutritional disorders and skeletal muscle dysfunction. The aim: of our study was to investigate a possible connection between the body composition and balance impairment in different COPD phenotypes (emphysematous and bronchitic). Methods: 27 stable COPD patients (both emphysematous and bronchitic phenotypes) and 17 healthy subjects (control group) having similar demographic data. We analyzed the body mass index (BMI), the percentage of free-fat mass (FFM) and the percentage of body fat. We also analyzed the impact of different COPD phenotypes on equilibrium using several tests: COPD Assessment Test (CAT), 6 minutes walking test (6MWT), Activities Balance Confidence scale (ABC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Single Leg Stance (SLS) and Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Results: We observed differences in BMI values (25.3 control vs. 17.6 emphysematous phenotype, vs. 36.1 bronchitic phenotype), FFM (77.1% vs. 87.2% vs. 58.9%) and body fat (18.2% vs. 10.2 % vs. 37.3%). Presence of COPD was associated with significant worsening of balance tests, especially bronchitic phenotype. Moreover, we found a positive and significant correlation (p Conclusion: COPD patiens have balance impairment compared to healthy subjects and the bronchitic COPD phenotype is more likely to experience falls than the emphysematous COPD phenotype. The body composition and body weight discriminate pulmonary phenotypes, and can be used as predictors of outcome independent of lung function impairment.


Recognizance on bail system in criminal litigation is a forcing measure of confining personal freedom.The object of application is a criminal suspect or defendant who is possible.There are a lot of questions on China's System of Awaiting Trial on Bail for various reasons of practice and administration of justice.The legal function of recognizance on bail system isn't given full play.So we should modify the criminal law,change the ideas of criminal procedure,perfect recognizance on bail system,obtain the full display on the system's effect and promote our lawsuit democratization development process.


Detection and interpretation of signs of "covert command following" in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) remains a challenge for clinicians. In this study, we used a tactile P3-based BCI in 12 patients without behavioral command following, attempting to establish "covert command following." These results were then confronted to cerebral metabolism preservation as measured with glucose PET (FDG-PET). One patient showed "covert command following" (i.e., above-threshold BCI performance) during the active tactile paradigm. This patient also showed a higher cerebral glucose metabolism within the language network (presumably required for command following) when compared with the other patients without "covert command-following" but having a cerebral glucose metabolism indicative of minimally conscious state. Our results suggest that the P3-based BCI might probe "covert command following" in patients without behavioral response to command and therefore could be a valuable addition in the clinical assessment of patients with DOC.


We provide approximate analytic expressions for above-threshold ionization (ATI) transition probabilities and photoelectron angular distributions. These analytic expressions are more general than those existing in the literature and include the residual binding potential in the electron continuum propagation. They successfully reproduce the ATI side lobes and specific holographic structures such as the near-threshold fan-shaped pattern and the spider-like structure that extends up to relatively high photoelectron energies. We compare such expressions with the Coulomb quantum orbit strong-field approximation (CQSFA) and the full solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for different driving-field frequencies and intensities, and provide an in-depth analysis of the physical mechanisms behind specific holographic structures. Our results shed additional light on what aspects of the CQSFA must be prioritized in order to obtain the key holographic features, and highlight the importance of forward scattered trajectories. Furthermore, we find that the holographic patterns change considerably for different field parameters, even if the Keldysh parameter is kept roughly the same.


In this paper we present a generic data dispatcher which can distribute data without any requirements with regard to the data format. Two major topics to be considered are determination of the actual message type and dynamic creation of sub-sequences which can be sent to different servers. An example based on the CORBA framework was implemented to prove the concept.


During 1932 a species of mealy bug came into prominence in a few orchards in the Annapolis valley, more particularly at Lakeville and the district north of Berwick. The insect was less conspicuous in 1933, but in 1934 some severe infestations occurred. This mealy bug is scattered over the entire fruit growing area in Nova Scotia, and has probably been present for several years.


Tropical maize (Zea mays L.) has been suggested as a germplasm source to improve yield and disease resistance for U.S. breeding programs. Our objective was to compare the performance of testcrosses between tropical-derived lines and an elite U.S. tester with the performance of adapted commercial hybrids. A group of 190 lines was derived from seven tropical commercial hybrids and intercrosses among them using two cycles of pedigree selection for adaptation to North Carolina. Ear-to-row sib-mating and selfing were used to develop the lines. Visual selection of each generation concentrated on silk-tassel synchrony, earliness, standability, lower ear height, and ear quality. No selection for combining ability was made during line development. Lines were topcrossed onto the public U.S. single cross B73Ht/Mo17Ht. Testcrosses were evaluated in yield trials at three locations during 2 yr. Among 190 testcrosses, 16 were within the LSD (0.05) of the commercial checks for yield, standability, and grain moisture. Most genetic variation for yield, standability, and grain moisture was accounted for by differences among pedigrees rather than differences among lines within a pedigree. Seventeen testcrosses yielded more than the tester, B73Ht/Mo17Ht. The inbreds B73 and Mo17 represent two dominant heterotic groups utilized by U.S. maize breeders. Since tropical-derived lines appear to combine well with B73/Mo17, they could be used as a source of disease resistance for either heterotic group. In addition, they have potential to enhance the combining ability of inbreds representing these two heterotic groups


: According to the curricular guidelines of Brazilian High School, the teaching of Chemistry is part of the segment of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Technology, being considered the discipline responsible for the essential cultural instrumentation of human education, co-participant in the interpretation of the world and responsible action in fact, which must be approached through social themes contemplating three axes of chemical knowledge: properties, transformations and constitution. Its teaching also articulates


Selection of an adequate tool for accurate short-term load forecasting task is becoming more important for electric utilities. Machine learning techniques are proving useful for short-term electricity load forecasting. In this paper we evaluate performance of several machine learning algorithms applied to electricity load datasets. We evaluated performance of SMOreg, and Additive regression algorithms for load forecasting using electricity consumption datasets. We also performed an Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) analysis on short-term load forecasting.


SOLEIL, the French 2.75 GeV third generation light source, is delivering photons to beam lines in routine operation since January 2007. The storage ring is presently equipped with 14 insertion devices. Commissioning the insertion devices consists in characterizing all the effects on beam dynamics in terms of closed orbit distortion, focusing, chromaticity, coupling, injection efficiency, beam lifetime and sensitivity to working point. We will focus here on the significant effects observed with some undulators. INTRODUCTION The SOLEIL storage ring is now operating with 11 insertion devices (IDs) and 3 new ones have been installed during the last shutdown period in May 2008 (Table 1). During operation, the Users have the full control of their undulators [1]. It is then important to identify expected and unexpected effects for each undulator and all together in different configurations. The first step was to compensate for orbit distortions introduced by residual first order field integrals in order to reach the required μm position stability during field variations. This significant work is still in progress and reported in detail in [2] and [3]. In parallel, a systematic characterisation of each undulator is performed for each configuration of field and phase. We will present here the more significant effects, their analysis in terms of beam dynamics and a comparison with calculation (using field maps generated by RADIA code [4]) and magnetic measurements. Table 1: Insertion device main characteristics. Number Name Type Period (mm) Length (m) 4 U20 In vacuum 20 2.0 1 HU44 Apple II 44 1.6 2 HU52 Apple II 52 1.6 3 HU80 Apple II 80 1.6 3 HU256 Electromagnetic 256 3.1 1 HU640 Electromagnetic 640 10


The progress of a country depends on the rationality of its people. Only rational people can stand against the superstitions that are ruining a country. Many writers and poets with such Dravidian ideology are promoting Dravidian ideology among the people by lashing the contradictory superstitions through their writings and speeches. They are struggling to break blind rituals, formalities, superstitions, and absurdities. They are inculcating beneficial ideas like Tamil language, anti-other language, women's education, women's rights, anti-child marriage, widow remarriage, abolition of untouchability. Among them, Pavendhar Bharathidasan's role was immeasurable. In this way, this article examines the Dravidian ideologies of Pavendhar Bharathidasan.


Steganography, which is the science of concealing the very existence of data in another transmission medium, comes along not to replace Cryptography but rather to boost the security using its obscurity features. Steganography has various useful applications such as for Human rights organizations (as encryption is prohibited in some countries), Smart IDs where individuals' details are embedded in their photographs (content authentication), data integrity by embedding checksum, medical imaging and secure transmission of medical data and bank transactions to name few [1]. Conventional encryption methods suffer in the sense that any eavesdropper is able to notice the encrypted transmitted data. This carries threat of attacks such as brute force attack. Different algorithms, to date, have emerged dealing with Steganography. Some target the image spatial domain which gives a high payload capacity, while others prefer the frequency domain for robustness to attack at the expense of a small embedding space.


The draft resolution concerns the issue of enforcement officer's collection of enforcement costs in another enforcement proceedings after their final determination. The author of the commentary critically refers to the statement that the costs of enforcement for to the court enforcement officer, established by a valid order, do not benefit from the priority provided for in Article 1025 § 1 Item 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure in another enforcement proceeding.


An indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test was established with special polyclonal antibody for the de- tection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viral antigens. Avian influenza H5N1 virus was propagated in Madin- Darby canine kidney cell (MDCK), and purified by sucrose velocity gradient technique. Two clean NewZealand rabbits were vaccinated with this oil- emulsion vaccine. The rabbit anti- avian influenza virus H5N1 specific IgG was extracted by caprylic- ammonium sulphate method, purified by Sephadex G50 chromatography after dialyzing. An IFA test was developed to the rapid diagnosis of HPAI by using the anti- AIV H5 lgG as the primary antibody and the fluo- rescein isothiocyanated(FITC) conjugate goat anti- rabbit lgG as the second antibody. cardiac muscle and pancreas were the most suitable tissues to choose in diagnosis of HPAIV when using this fluorescent antibody test. Fluorescence was observed in artificial infection chickens as earlyas 36h after AIVH5 inoculation, when clinic symptoms were not seen at this period oftime. Applythis method todetect AIV H7, AIV H9, infectious bronchitis viruse and infectious laryngotra- cheitis virus infected chickens tissues, all showed negative results. These results indicated the indirect fluorescent anti- body test was specific to AIV H5. A total of 104 clinical specimens from 69 farms were detected by this method, 8 of 9 virus isolated positively specimens were positive, while the other 60 isolated negatively specimens were negative either. Obviously, IFA and virus isolation method had a good correlation. The IFA established in this study had been demon- strated tobe a rapid, sensitive, specific and economical test for the diagnosis of HPAI H5 subtype.


The biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in monocyte‐like leukemia U937 cells was monitored by adding [3H]choline, [14C]ethanolamine or [14C]glycerol to the culture media; incorporation into phospholipid (PL) increased with time. The effect of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) on PC and PE synthesis was investigated by pretreating U937 cells for 72h with 10 μM 18:1 (n –9), 18:2 (n –6), 18:3 (n –3), 20:4 (n –6) and 20:5 (n –3). The UFA caused no alteration in cell growth, as evidenced by light microscopy and the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [3H]leucine. Total cellular uptake of radioactive precursors remained unaffected by all the treatments. Pretreatment with 20:5 resulted in approximately 25 per cent reduction in the incorporation of [3H]choline into PL, while no significant effect was detected with the other UFAs. 18:3, 20:4 and 20:5 depressed the incorporation of [14C]ethanolamine into PL by 34 per cent, 28 per cent and 49 per cent respectively. However, there was no redistribution of label with any of the treatments. 18:3, 20:4 and 20:5 also antagonized the stimulatory effect of endotoxin (LPS) on PC and PE synthesis. In addition, the incorporation from [14C]glycerol into PC and PE was reduced by 18:3, 20:4 and 20:5.


Since the end of the Cold War, thoughtlessness act in conducting 'humanitarian interventions' has posed analytical challenges for international relations academicians. Traditional security advocators have tried to distinguished implications of 'humanitarianism' based on their interest and how it helps state in regaining the outcome. This research identified motivation of state in conducting humanitarian intervention. There are growing studies, as expressed by the constructivist, that humanitarianism is states' political weapon that shifted the involvement patterns of policymakers and actors in humanitarian interventions. On the other hand, primary criticism from realism stressed economic and political ambition behind humanitarian interventions and makes it impossible to be moral, ethical, and cosmopolitan. The objective of this study is to examine the practices, motives, and challenges of humanitarian interventions. Data gathered from published books and journals selected through rigorous analysis. The research finds that the failure of humanitarian interventions indicates the following: First, humanitarian interventions requires expensive cost in people's life and other resources. Moreover, there is a moral obligation to save the victims.  Second, actors are engaged to operate the mission and has limited right to demonstrate their self-interest to protect the victims. Third is the issue of sovereignty and the subjected state's willingness to integrate. To overcome the problem, government should promote global governance transformation and the cosmopolitanism nature between actors.


In order to check the structure design and construction quality of city deck bridge,the bridge static load experiment is done.Through the deflection and the strain of the testing data,it determined whether the bridge can satisfy the design requirement.


One of the impacts of the Mount Merapi eruption in Central Java Indonesia for children is
suffered psychological trauma. Some indicators are moody, silent, low expressive, and less
enthusiasm in carrying out education after disasters. These conditions need psychological
intervention using social stories Punakawan. Based on a literature review, social stories can be
used as a means of psychological intervention. Social stories provide information about
something that happened in a situation, the cause, what should be done, and designed according
to the level of children's development. This paper aims to describe social stories using
Punakawan (clown-puppet) a5 ·a form of traumatic healing for children. Punakawan consist of
Semar, Gareng, Petruk, and Bagong are a famous puppet characters for the children of Mount
Merapi refugees and the model of life. Social stories are given advice about daily living such as
hygiene behavior, the behavior of mutual assistance, cooperation aimed reducing children's
negative emotions after the eruption of Mount Merapi. The method used effectively as a form of
traumatic healing for children to explore the value of indigenous psychology of Mount Merapi
refugees.


The current global market is driven by many factors, e.g. by the facts that we live in the information age and that information is distributed in short times, large amounts and by many data channels. It is practically impossible to analyse all kinds of incoming information flows and transform them to data by classical methods. New requirements call for new methods. Artificial neural networks once trained on patterns can be used for forecasting and they are able to work with extremely big datasets in reasonable time. Traditionally, this is solved by means of a statistical analysis first a time-series model is constructed and then statistical prediction algorithms are applied to it in order to obtain future values. The common point for both methods is the learning process from samples of past data, or learning from the past. From many of the uncommon points the input conditions for the model creation and the length of the time series pattern set could be pointed out. On one hand, very sophisticated statistical methods exist that have strictly defined input conditions for datasets; on the other hand, practically open input conditions of artificial neural networks can be used. Regarding the length of the time series, the main problem of the Czech Republic, short and middle term predictions are valuable datasets. The lengths of selected economic values are not huge enough for quality of prediction or forecasting. Hand-in-hand with typical problems of real datasets (noisiness and/or missing data), there is the issue of the quality of the numerical forecasting. In addition, the strong nonlinearity of the models leads to an unsolvable usage of classical methods or construction of models that are not representing the reality. These are only few of the difficulties related to economic and financial modelling and prediction. Possible problems of numerous types of the artificial neural networks with n-setups make the issue even more complicated. The aim of this chapter is to compare different types of artificial neural networks using short and middle terms predictions of a real-world economic index. A number of papers dealing with artificial neural networks used for particular problems and often for the test do not use real-world economic indexes. The chapter is divided into four sections. The first simply presents the introduction to the research domain. The second section describes state-of-the-art artificial intelligence approaches to both prediction and forecasting of economic indexes. In the third section, neural network types and learning algorithms dealing with the prediction of time series and learning optimization are presented. In detail, the third section also includes methods of verification and validation of artificial neural networks and description of real-world economic indexes


Rhabdomyolysis is a serious and potentially life threatening syndrome characterized by muscle necrosis and the release of intracellular muscle constituents into the circulation. The clinical presentation varies from classical symptoms such as myalgia and weakness to acute kidney injury (AKI) (1). The acquired causes of rhabdomyolysis have been identified in three categories as traumatic or muscle compression (crush syndrome, prolonged immobilization, vascular and orthopaedic surgeries), nontraumatic exertional or non-exertional. Hereditary causes are genetic disorders associated with terminal glycolysis or glycogenolysis, lipid metabolism, crebs cycle, mitochondrial respiratory chain, myopathies and others. Furthermore, some of the acquired causes (infections, exercise or medication) can trigger rhabdomyolysis in patients with underlying hereditary metabolic disorders (24) Here we present a male patient with carnitine palmitoyltransferase type 2 (CPT2) deficiency who had a homozygous missense mutation (c.338C>T/p.Ser113Leu) on the CPT2 (NM_00 0098) gene. 2. CASE REPORT


Abstract The aim of this work is to study the lap shear strength as well as the response to galvanic corrosion and environmental degradation of Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) enhanced adhesive bonding on metallic substrates so as to establish whether the response of MWCNT enhanced adhesive patches to environmental degradation is percolation or material system dependent. The incorporation of MWCNTs into an epoxy patch may mediate the galvanic effect between substrate/patch, but also enhances localised degradation phenomena into the polymer matrix. The introduction of 0·1 wt-%MWCNTs positively affects both the galvanic and environmental durability of the adhesive, whereas higher contents adversely affect its behaviour suggesting a percolation threshold between 0·1 and 0·5 wt-%CNT, which, however, is system dependent.


In probabilistic tracking tasks, the quality of the observation model used is of prime importance. In some models, evidence is extracted from the outline of the object while in others, it is extracted from the region bounded by this. In this article, we shall study and compare the behavior of two outline-based models with one histogram-based model.


A novel approach for obtaining the output waveform, the propagation delay and the short‐circuit power dissipation of a CMOS inverter is introduced. The output voltage is calculated by solving the circuit differential equation only for the conducting transistor while the effect of the short‐circuit current is considered as an additional charge, which has to be discharged through the conducting transistor causing a shift to the output waveform. The short‐circuit current as well as the corresponding discharging current are accurately predicted as functions of the required time shift of the output waveform. A program has been developed that implements the proposed method and the results prove that a significant speed improvement can be gained with a minor penalty in accuracy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The even-even nucleus $^{26}$Mg has been studied through the reaction $^{27}$Al(d,$^{3}$He) at 25 MeV beam energy. The spectroscopic factors have been extracted upto 7.50 MeV excitation energy using local, zero range distorted wave Born approximation. The comparison of the spectroscopic factors have been done with previously reported values using the same reaction probe. The extracted spectroscopic factors for different excited states were found to be in good agreement with the previously reported values for the same. The present results were also compared with the predictions from shell model as well as rotational model. The analog states of $^{26}$Al and $^{26}$Mg were found to be in good agreement.


The utility model relates to an electrical power connector. The prior connector is characterized in a complicated structure and complex disassembling and assembling department. The cylindrical shell on the sleeved connecting part of the socket of the utility model is evenly provided with four to eight installation holes along the direction of circumference, and the steel balls are moveably positioned in the installation holes. The outside of the cylindrical shell is sleeved with a connecting cutting sleeve. A spring makes the connecting cutting sleeve and the cylindrical shell cooperatively connected through the limit ring outside of the cylindrical shell and positioning ring inside of the connecting cutting sleeve. The connecting cutting sleeve can be stretched along the external wall of cylindrical shell coat. The outside of the cylindrical shell of the plug is provided with a clamping groove corresponding to the steel ball position of the socket along the circumference direction. The utility model is able to realize the reliable linking of the socket and plug through the steel balls, the connecting cutting sleeve and the positioning groove, which has no necessary to have any accessory parts, such as the handlebar, steering, and hang etc. The utility model has the advantages of a simpler structure and convenient disassembling and assembling.


Objective: Cure rates for cancer are increasing, especially for breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. Despite positive trends in survivorship, a cancer diagnosis can trigger accelerated functional decline that can threaten independence, reduce quality‐of‐life and increase healthcare costs, especially among the elderly who comprise the majority of survivors. Lifestyle interventions may hold promise in reorienting functional decline in older cancer survivors, but few studies have been conducted.


Objective To study the relation of lens and transversa diameter,anteroposterior diameter of eyeball of high myopic eye.Method Thickness,transverse diameter and density of lens,transverse diameter and anteroposterior di- mension of eyeball were measured by GE Lightspeed pro 16-slice spiral CT.Results The average thickness of high myopic eye and emmetropia were 4.12±0.78 and 4.49±0.94;the transverse diameter were 8.93±0.43;and 8.44±0.97and density were 83.96±8.17HU and 87.20±6.75HU.the difference between them are significant.And the transverse diam- eter of eyeball were 24.39±1.46 and 23.06±1.32 the anteropesterior dimension of eyeball were 26.57±1.82 and 23.14±1.69.the difference are significant as well.Conclusion Change of thickness,transverse diameter and density of lens, transverse diameter and anteroposterior dimension of eyeball may be the pathological change of high myopic eye.


Sinusitis can significantly decrease quality of life, is costly in both health care expenditure and lost productivity, and can lead to complications if treatment is delayed. Our objective was to explore disparities in health care access among adults with sinusitis based on sociodemographic factors.


The traditional way of psychological counseling is to have face-to-face communication with psychological counseling teachers at a specific time and place. It is difficult to meet the development needs of information and intelligence due to the limitations of time and place. In order to solve these shortcomings of the traditional psychological counseling mode, this paper puts forward the design method of College Students' online psychological counseling system based on mobile wireless network, optimizes the system hardware structure combined with mobile wireless network technology, and improves the system software function and operation process. Finally, experiments show that the performance of College Students' online psychological counseling system based on mobile wireless network obviously meets the current research requirements, It effectively solves the problems of traditional methods and fully meets the research requirements.


Despite increasing attention from academics and practitioners Design Management lacks a widely-agreed upon empirical measure. This paper proposes a new conceptualization of Design Management based on the view of design as a "managed process" within organizations (Bruce and Bessant, 2002, p. 38). We employ an expert rating procedure of product design briefs and Exploratory Factor Analysis to derive eleven factors of information elements contained within these document that constitute Design Management: F1 Insights into Customers; F2 Business Model; F3 Product Aesthetics; F4 Authenticity; F5 Symbolic/ Experiential Value; F6 Functional Value; F7 Promotions/ Distribution; F8 Sustainability; F9 Production/ Development; F10 Project Management; F11 Risk/ Safety. Further, we clarify the strategic role of Design Management by relating these factors to measures of firm performance at the product project- and competitive advantage-levels. Our findings are rationalized using the Balanced Score Card for Design Management approach, made up of: (1) Customer Perspective; (2) Process perspective; (3) Learning and Innovation perspective; and (4) Financial perspective. Our results confirm the overwhelmingly positive relationship between Design Management and firm performance and highlights the differential effects of individual factors across the two measures.


Installation precision of universal testing machine is important to user. If vertical angle of testing machine is not ensured, axis tensile property is not ensured to influence the precision of testing and connect precision between oil pipe and oil cylinder, oil pipe and oil valve. Precision of connector seal easily is decreased to induce oil leakage and decrease stability and working time of testing machine.


This study deals with media in learning English especially reading descriptive text for the seventh-grade students. The objective of the study were to develop a Scramble Game using ClassDojo as a media in learning English especially descriptive text for junior high school. This study was conducted by research and development (R & D) design through six phases; gathering information and data, analyzing data, designing Scramble Game Using ClassDojo as media in descriptive text, validating by experts, revising, and final product. The subject of this research was the seventh-grade students of SMP Dharma Pancasila Medan. The instruments for collecting data were questionnaire and interview. The data were gathered by administering interview to the English teacher and distributing questionnaire to the seventh-grade students to get the students' needs. The evaluators of the developed media were two experts namely an English lecturer and English teacher. The findings show that Scramble Game Using ClassDojo was able to be developed into media in learning English using the research method and needs analysis. The result of the research was the Scramble Game media that the teacher can use as the learning media of descriptive text for the seventh-grade students of junior high school. The developed media have been validated by experts. The total of validation score from the Expert I and Expert II are 91.8% so it was categorized "Very Good". It means the developing Scramble Game Using ClassDojo are appropriate as media in reading descriptive text and can be used for the seventhgrade students of SMP Dharma Pancasila Medan in learning English especially descriptive text.Key Words: Research and Development (R&D), Reading, Media, Descriptive Text, Scramble Game, ClassDojo.


The Epstein‐Barr virus membrane antigen gene gp340 was isolated, inserted into several strains of vaccinia virus and expressed under the control of a vaccinia virus promoter. The EBV‐derived protein which was produced by the recombinant vaccinia viruses was heavily glycosylated, readily labelled with threonine, could be detected at the surface of infected cells and had a mol. wt. of approximately 340 kd, all of which are properties of the authentic gp340. Polyclonal rabbit antisera against gp340 and an EBV‐neutralising anti‐gp340 monoclonal antibody both recognised cells infected with the recombinant vaccinia viruses. Moreover, rabbits vaccinated with one of the recombinants produced antibodies that recognised EBV‐containing lymphoblastoid cells and neutralised EBV.


Long queues and increased traffic demands at the north and south parking control plazas required the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (D/FW) to research innovative methods for improvement of traffic flow, improved methods for accepting parking fee payments, and reduced operating costs. D/FW, operating the single largest parking system in the world, turned to the toll industry and determined that the implementation and integration of an automatic vehicle identification system into the existing computerized parking control system would offer significant benefits and assist in resolving many of their traffic problems. The proximity of the Dallas North Tollway, with a successful AVI program (over 150,000 transponders in use), provided the nucleus for a customer base already knowledgeable in the benefits and use of an AVI system. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 490001.


Using the Infrared Array Camera and the Multiband Imaging Photometer aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope, we have obtained images of the Lupus 3 star-forming cloud at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, and 24 μm. We present photometry in these bands for the 41 previously known members that are in our images. In addition, we have identified 19 possible new members of the cloud based on red 3.6-8.0 μm colors that are indicative of circumstellar disks. We have performed optical spectroscopy on six of these candidates, all of which are confirmed as young low-mass members of Lupus 3. The spectral types of these new members range from M4.75 to M8, corresponding to masses of 0.2-0.03 M☉ for ages of ~1 Myr according to theoretical evolutionary models. We also present optical spectroscopy of a candidate disk-bearing object in the vicinity of the Lupus 1 cloud, 2M 1541-3345, which Jayawardhana & Ivanov recently classified as a young brown dwarf (M ~ 0.03 M☉) with a spectral type of M8. In contrast to their results, we measure an earlier spectral type of M5.75 ± 0.25 for this object, indicating that it is probably a low-mass star (M ~ 0.1 M☉). In fact, according to its gravity-sensitive absorption lines and its luminosity, 2M 1541-3345 is older than members of the Lupus clouds (τ ~ 1 Myr) and instead is probably a more evolved pre-main-sequence star that is not directly related to the current generation of star formation in Lupus.


It is very urgent for a fast and effective algorithm to mine association rule with the increasing amount of database. As an evolution method on antibodies, immune algorithm is of great random, robustness and parallelism, and can search quickly and effectively in a global way. This paper presented an immune based association rule algorithm (IARA), which could improve the efficiency to search database; the searching of rules is carried out using the artificial immune algorithm (AIA) based on the distance concentration. The advantage of this approach is that it can avoid the need for massively searching for association rules. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed.


Though Chinese conversation structure has some overlap with the English conversation structure, it has many differences in the details because of the in? uence of unique Chinese culture. This thesis analyses every part of the Chinese conversation structure by listing many concrete examples which reflects how Chinese culture in? uence the Chinese conversation structure.


book to your maiden aunt who has always held that you can't believe anything you see in the papersshe'll find little in the parts of it she can understand beyond proof of her contention. And perhaps you'll hesitate in putting it on the list for prejournalism youngsters whose lack of discrimination is equalled only by their wide-eyed belief in the romance of the newspaper life. But you can have a lot of fun with it yourseUespecially if you don't try to swallow it in less than six or eight doses. And you may end with my belief that, entertaining as Bob Casey makes it, it isn't in a class with the stuff he writes for the city desk. For my money, there isn't a yam in it, for example, that compares to his classic about the lumberman who came from Washington to Chicago with his wooden nickels. His reputation, in the end, will rest not on this book, or "Torpedo Junction" or any of the rest, but on hiswork as a newspaper man. MITCHELL V. CHARNLEY University of Minnesota


This paper presents an implementation of an architectural module that corresponds to a long serial chain modular robot. As such, this configuration poses possibilities that can move using travelling wave gaits based on snakes and caterpillars. The gaits are controlled with a Gait Control Table which is a simple but powerful way to coordinate the motion of a multiple degree-of-freedom systems. The gaits are implemented on a self-sufficient modular reconfigurable robot with onboard power, computation, sensors and actuators.


With the ever-growing technology development, high-tech products such as mobile phones, computers, electromagnetic devices and smart devices are facing high design and production modification requirements with relatively shorter life cycles. For instance, every forthcoming smart phone goes out of production in a shorter period after its launch, followed by its next generation. The design of high-tech products requires high investments in smart and automated manufacturing technology to ensure higher production efficiency. For high-tech products with short life spans, the manufacturing performance-quality variable is an important design parameter that affects system reliability, production efficiency and manufacturing costs. Major performance-quality factors of a manufacturing system which affect productivity and reliability of the manufacturing process are discussed in this research. The study investigates an integrated smart production maintenance model under stochastic manufacturing reliability for technology dependent demand and variable production rate. The smart unit production cost is a function of manufacturing reliability and controllable production rate, as a manufacturing system can be operated at different production rates within designed limits μ ϵ [ μ m i n , μ m a x ] . Manufacturing reliability is increased through investment in smart manufacturing technology and resources. The integrated smart production maintenance model is formulated under general failure and repair time distributions and the optimal production maintenance policy is investigated under specific failure and repair time distributions. A mathematical model is developed to optimize the manufacturing quality-performance parameter, variable production rate, per unit technology investment and production lot size. The total cost function is optimized through the Khun–Tucker method. The mathematical model is also validated with numerical analysis, comparative study, and sensitivity analysis for model key parameters.


It is well known that the magnitude of impact load is one main reason for polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutter failure rapidly when drilling conglomerate formation. However, there are many factors affecting the magnitude of impact load. To assess and mitigate these impacts, the discrete element model of PDC cutting‐broken conglomerate has been established, and the influence law of cementation strength difference (CSD), gravel diameter, and cutting velocity on impact load and gravel fragmentation in the process of cutting broken conglomerate is performed. What is more, the laboratory experiment of rock cutting by different shaped PDC cutters under different CSD and gravel diameters has also been conducted, and the correctness of numerical simulation results is verified by laboratory experiment. Meanwhile, the cutting depth and impact load of different shape PDC cutters under different CSD and gravel diameters have been analyzed. First, the simulation results show that the stripping mode of gravel mainly occurs when the CSD is large, and the corresponding axial and tangential impact load (mean axial peak cutting force [MAPCF]/mean tangential peak cutting force [MTPCF]) is relatively small. As the decrease of CSD, the gravel will be directly broken and the magnitude of the MAPCF/MTPCF will gradually increase, and the probability of impact damage to the cutting cutter will incrementally increase. In addition, larger gravel diameter and cutting velocity will lead to larger MAPCF/MTPCF, and the mode of gravel fragmentation changes gradually from being stripped to being directly broken with the increase of gravel diameter. Second, the laboratory experiment results not only verify the correctness of the simulation results but also find that ridged diamond element cutter has the smallest impact load and the largest cutting depth under different CSD and gravel diameters. This paper can provide a theoretical foundation for the optimization of drilling parameters and PDC bit design in drilling conglomerate formation.


The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the detection of data contained in internal combustion engine exhaust particles, in particular ash particles. It can be used in particular for the detection of gases from reciprocating engines, preferring in combination with conventional test instrumentation. The object of the invention is to provide opportunities for detection contained in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines particles in a simplified, comparable and reproducible form. For this purpose, the inventive device is designed so that immediately an exhaust gas sampling probe for extracting a partial exhaust gas stream is disposed in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. Through this exhaust gas sampling probe, the exhaust gas is passed over a temperature-controlled feed line into a particle collection chamber to a definable minimum temperature. In addition, a device for determining the mass flow of the particles guided through the plenum exhaust gas partial stream exists.


Sir, Recently, a meta-analysis was published that looked at the detrimental effects that even a modest increase in maternal body mass index (BMI) may have in terms of increasing the risk of fetal and infant deaths (1). Although obesity is an issue that is increasingly focused on the clinical literature, the worldwide epidemic of overweight and obese individuals is also having a significant effect on forensic practice (2). While the published review confirmed increased rates of death in the very young associated with overweight mothers, independent of congenital defects, it did not analyze possible lethal mechanisms. It is here that medicolegal experience may provide useful insights. For example, looking at these infant deaths in a forensic sense, two quite different processes may be occurring—the first is extrinsic and involves the relationship of obesity to infant death in shared sleeping situations, and the second is intrinsic and raises the possibility of synergistic effects that infant obesity may have with other risk factors for sudden infant death. First, it is well recognized that maternal obesity in conjunction with other factors such as prematurity, small infant size, smoking sedation, and fatigue may increase the risk of infant death from smothering in shared sleeping situations (3,4). Maternal obesity is also associated with increases in infant size (5) which may have consequences for subsequent health. For example, animal studies have demonstrated impaired pulmonary function in immature obese animals, and obesity in children may negatively affect lung performance. Obesity has a range of other effects including increased fat deposition in pharyngeal tissues associated with obstructive sleep apnea, upward compression of the diaphragm, and decreased chest wall compliance. Is it possible that these factors may act synergistically with other risk factors for unexpected infant death increasing the possibility of a fatal outcome? (6). Using a forensic approach to obesity, the range of possible lethal mechanisms in infant deaths associated with overweight mothers may be expanded.


In this paper, we investigate a class of third-order singular neutral differential equations with time-dependent delay. Applying Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem, we prove the existence results of a positive periodic solution for this neutral equation.


Summary . The article studies the effectiveness of the use of cavitated concentrates (grain mix, wheat bran) on the synthesis of fats of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and their quantitative conversion into other energy compounds in fore-stomachs of red steppe bulls during rearing and fattening. Based on the studies, it was found that after feeding with cavitated grain mixtures and wheat bran, the syn-thesized amount of volatile fatty acids (VFA) became higher by 0.18 and 0.64 kg or 8.4 and 29.8%, re-spectively. The difference in energy value of the analyzed VFA was 3.2 and 11.73 MJ or 8.36 and 29.88% in favor of experimental groups I and II, respectively. If we consider separately volatile fatty acids, then they amounted to acetate – 1.43; 5.07 MJ (8.45; 29.95%), propionate – 0.77; 2.73 (8.43; 29.90%), butyrate – 0.81; 2.93 (8.27; 29.93%) and higher fatty acids – 0.28; 1.03 MJ (7.98; 34 %). During reaing and fattening of experimental calves of the Red Steppe breed in the control group, where grain mixtures of traditional preparation were used, 54.58 MJ (58.50%) of energy was received through pre-gastric digestion, after use of cavitated grain mixtures and wheat bran in the diets these figures were higher 4.97 and 17.02 MJ (8.46-30.01%). It should be noted that in group II this indicator was higher by 12.05 MJ (19.87%) in comparison with the analogues from group I which received cavitated grain mix in the diet. The introduction of cavitated concentrated feed into the diet of young fattening positively affects ruminal digestion.


The invention relates to the technical field of liquid crystal display, and discloses a liquid crystal compound and a preparation method thereof, a liquid crystal composition and a preparation method thereof, and a liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal compounds has a structure as shown in P1, the compound has good physical and chemical stability and higher clearing point, the liquid crystal composition comprising the liquid crystal compound P1 also has high clearing point, and the application range of the liquid crystal display panel can be greatly expanded.


This study was undertaken to determine whether there was a correlation between fine particles (PM2.5) levels and hospital admissions for asthma in Taipei, Taiwan. Hospital admissions for asthma and ambient air pollution data for Taipei were obtained for the period of 2006–2010. The relative risk of hospital admissions for asthma was estimated using a case-crossover approach, controlling for weather variables, day of the week, seasonality, and long-term time trends. For the single-pollutant model (without adjustment for other pollutants), increased asthma admissions were significantly associated with PM2.5 levels both on warm days (>23°C) and cool days (<23°C), with an interquartile range rise associated with a 12% (95% CI = 6–18%) and 3% (95% CI = 0–8%) elevation in admissions for asthma, respectively. In the two-pollutant models, PM2.5 levels remained significant for increased asthma admissions after inclusion of SO2 or O3 both on warm and cool days. This study provides evidence that higher levels of PM2.5 elevate the risk of hospital admissions for asthma in Taiwan.


Radical literacy entering universities in Indonesia is still a hot topic to this day. Efforts to tackle the problem of radical literacy have been carried out but nothing has been successful. For this reason, this research needs to be followed up on. The purpose of this research is to study positive thinking between critical thinking strategies and efforts to counter radical literacy in universities. This study uses a bivariate correlation research method using SPSS 24 for Windows with a positive coefficient of 0 to 1. Variable X (free) of this study, the critical learning strategy (development of learning learning during four meetings) and Y variable (research) of this study , namely efforts to ward off literacy in higher education (learning from test scores). Data collection techniques used, namely questionnaires and tests. Analysis of the study used Pearson coordination coefficient analysis, the normality test. 4C (Communication, Collaborative, Critical Thinking, and Creativity) with research counteracting literacy in higher education with a category of 0.61s / d 0.080. Keywords: 4C learning (Communication, Collaborative, Critical Thinking, and Creativity), radical literacy, critical reading


In ecological risk assessment, mechanistic effect models (MEMs) are thought to overcome the limitation of standard laboratory single species test by accurately extrapolating the models to populatio ...


Two and three terminal planar InP TED structures have been fabricated using semi-insulating iron doped InP substrates grown by the liquid encapsulated Czrochalski technique. Two terminal TEDs employed a vapor phase epitaxial n layer grown directly on the substrate. Direct implantation of29Si into the substrate to form an extended n type layer was used for three terminal TEDs. Both types of TEDs displayed negative resistance regions in the pulsed I/V characteristics with current dropbacks of between 25% and 35%. The highest observed pulse power output for two terminal TEDs was 1.25 mW at 11.7 GHz. Three terminal TEDs delivered their best pulsed performance at 2.1 GHz with 106 mW and 6% efficiency.


The role of the dairy manager is to plan strategically and to direct resources in a way that leads to a profitable and sustainable dairy enterprise. Management is the process of decision-making and has three major functions: planning, implementation and control. Tremendous development, adoption and management of new production enhancing technologies over the past few decades has led to rapid increases in herd size and milk production levels. The challenge to the managers of these modern dairy herds is to economically achieve high milk yield without sacrificing animal health and welfare, deterioration of the environment or human safety.


We study the air layer dynamics beneath a drop impinging a heated surface at low impact energy using high-speed reflection interferometry imaging and theoretical analysis. The air film has been subdivided into two distinct disjoint regions, the central dimple and the peripheral disc. We decipher that a gaussian profile can approximate the dynamic shape evolution of the central air dimple. We further observe that the dimple geometry is a function of impact energy and its dependence on surface temperature is relatively weak. The air layer rupture time and rupture radius increases with increase in substrate temperature. We characterize the air layer profile as a 2D Knudsen field and show that a unified treatment, including continuum and non-continuum mechanics, is required to comprehend the air layer dynamics coherently. The airflow dynamics in the central dimple region falls within the purview of continuum stokes regime. In contrast, the peripheral air disc falls within the non-continuum (gas kinetic effects) slip flow and transition regime characterized by a high Knudsen number. However, the initial average air disc expansion dynamics could be understood in terms of stokes approximation. In non-continuum regimes of the peripheral air disc, we discover intriguing asymmetric interface perturbations. The asymmetric wetting of the substrate initiates at the edge of the peripheral disc region.These perturbative structures cause asymmetric wetting/contact between the droplet and the substrate. Due to the asymptotic effects of capillary and van der Waals interaction in the disc region, the sub-micron spatial structures can exist at short time scales.


Before the U.S. government could develop the first atomic bombs in World War II, it first had to design and construct three "secret cities" at which that work would be completed. Created almost entirely from scratch, the secret cities of Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Los Alamos, New Mexico; and the Hanford/Richland area of Washington State reflected cutting-edge ideas about design, engineering, and planning.


Monitoring apparatus for personnel transport apparatus (2) for (1), as a person having a conveying device configured elevator, escalator or moving walkway, monitoring device: at least one challenge means (5) and at least one safety circuit means (13 safety switch (7)) the challenge means (5) connected to the safety switch for monitoring personnel carrier member (2) (15). In this case, the safety circuit arrangement (13) has means (8) associated with the current direction. Further, inquiry means (5) is designed to test voltage having a polarity conversion is loaded into the safety circuit (13). Further, such a person is given a monitoring device having (1) a conveying device (2).


Objective:To evaluate the application of Care bolus technique in gadolinium ethoxybenzyldiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(Gd-EOB-DTPA)enhanced liver dynamic MR imaging during arterial phase in HCC diagnosis.Methods:72patients with Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced liver dynamic MR imaging were divided into group A and group B.Group A underwent dynamic imaging with Care bolus technique.Group B underwent conventional imaging with fixed-time delay technique.Signal intensities of lower thoracic arteries and celiac trunk were acquired and analyzed after Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced liver dynamic MR imaging,as well as imaging of the portal vein.Independent sample test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used in statistical analysis.Results:In group A and group B,the signal intensities of the lower thoracic arteries were 15.5±7.8and 21.3±11.3,respectively(P=0.0065),and those of celiac trunks were 22.5±8.2and 31.0±14.0,respectively(P=0.0015),with significant differences.The non-displaying rates of the portal veins during the arterial phase were 53%and 4%,respectively,with a significant difference(P=0.000).The optimal enhancement rates of the two groups in HCC lesions were 79%and 46%,respectively(P=0.005).Conclusion:Care bolus technique is obviously better than fixedtime delay technique in arterial displaying of HCC.It can be used in Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced liver dynamic MR imaging.


The quality of freshly caught fish deteriorates rapidly and the conservation potential is greatly reduced if it is not stored correctly. Before reaching the consumer the freshly caught fish goes through a number of various different processing states, since being unloaded at the docks which decisively influence its sanitary state. Apart from its microbiological quality (which is always very important), there are a series of substances which form in the fish when the storage is deficient, some of which are known (trimethylamine, hypoxanthine, etc.), and other which are not known but could be the cause of chronic reactions in humans. This study has evaluated the hygienic and sanitary conditions at 13 fish markets and 46 storerooms in the Balearic Islands that are responsible for the display, first sale, storage and distribution of the fish before it is sold to the general public. The parameters used are those established in the different standing santitary laws as are laid out in the Community Directive 91/493/CEE for these types of establishments. In the centres visited, information about the buildings, the refrigeration, the handling of the fish and the manipulation technique was compiled. The aim of this study is to find out about the sanitary conditions of these establishments so as to identify thier weak points which have to be watched and controlled so as to imporve the sanitary quality of the fish and avoid the transmission of illness to the consumer


We report the detection of 18 Jovian planets discovered as part of our Doppler survey of subgiant stars at Keck Observatory, with follow-up Doppler and photometric observations made at McDonald and Fairborn Observatories, respectively. The host stars have masses 0.927 ⩽ M⋆/M☉ ⩽ 1.95, radii 2.5 ⩽ R⋆/R☉ ⩽ 8.7, and metallicities −0.46 ⩽ [Fe/H] ⩽+0.30. The planets have minimum masses 0.9 MJup ⩽ MPsin i ≲ 13 MJup and semimajor axes a ⩾ 0.76 AU. These detections represent a 50% increase in the number of planets known to orbit stars more massive than 1.5 M☉ and provide valuable additional information about the properties of planets around stars more massive than the Sun.


The year is drawing to a close and the Autumn Semester is almost finished. At this time we always like to think of our many friends across the country who have been so supportive of our programs and endeavors. On behalf of the Department I would like to wish you all a joyous holiday season and extend to you our best wishes for a happy and healthy new year. There have been many new developments in the Department this year. We have a new tenure-track hire in Russian and we are offering Turkish for the first time ever. We have increased the number of Fulbright Teaching Assistants to include students not only from Austria but also Russia and Argentina. We have two new (and heavily used) multi-media rooms and we hope to add to this number in the future. We continue to look for ways to modernize our Language Lab. The Faculty have been very productive with their scholarship, research and service during the past year, as you can read in the various language sections of this Newsletter. Colleagues have also sponsored Study Abroad trips to Mexico, Germany and Austria, Rome, Paris and Russia. In addition, many of our students participate in University-sponsored direct placement programs at foreign universities (several of our students studied Arabic in Egypt this summer, for example). Faculty also serve as advisors to various Language Clubs which were very active with a host of activities. I would like to sincerely thank all of our donors (listed below) who made generous monetary contributions to the Department during this last year. Our support from the State is always rather meager and we depend on your gifts to help fund a variety of educational activities and to provide needed scholarships for many of our deserving students. Everyone in the Department greatly appreciates your continued kindness and support.


Portocaval interventions in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension initially made in a termino-lateral manner, even though had initially desaster results, allowed Child and Pugh to reveal the specific risc factors of the hepatic patients. The improvement of the surgical techniques for shunts, by making a compromise between the portal bloud flow which will irrigate the liver an will be deviated , had as a result a decrease in the incidence of postoperative liver failure and of the hemorragical reccurance, also improoving in an abvious manner the long term surviving rate in this patients. So, Warren performing the sleno-renal shunt ( typ I and II), the introduction of the portocaval and mesocaval partial shunts, and finally the transjugular portosystemic shunt (TIPS), represented therapeutical alternatives for cirrhotics patients with HTP waiting for a liver transplant (1-4).


A rise in the minimum wage may contribute to decrease earnings inequality by promoting larger wage increases for workers in the low tail of the wage distribution, but it may also increase inequality by promoting layoffs. This paper uses a semiparametric model to analyze the impact on inequality of a 6.3 percent increase in the real minimum wage in Colombia between 1995 and 1999, a period of economic downturn. Simulations suggest that if the employment effects of the minimum wage increase are ignored, the underlying policy would contribute to reduce earnings inequality. On the contrary, by considering the drop in wages of those who lost their jobs, simulations suggest that the policy in question would increase earnings inequality under some assumptions about the employment elasticity of the minimum wage and the new level of earnings unemployed workers rely upon.


In this paper, we propose a novel amorphous In-Ga-Zn-oxide (a-IGZO) thin film transistor (TFT) pixel circuit for pulse width modulation (PWM) driving active matrix micro light-emitting diode <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LED) displays. The proposed pixel circuit compensates for wavelength shifts according to gray level and threshold voltage (VTH) variation of TFTs with only two capacitors. This compact operation can be achieved by simultaneous compensation for VTH along with data input in the constant current generation (CCG) circuit and the PWM circuit, which consist the pixel. Since the VTH variation in TFTs is compensated, the proposed pixel circuit can supply a uniform and stable current to the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LED throughout all gray levels. The compensation accuracy was verified by HSPICE with an oxide TFT model based on the measurement data. In addition, we analyzed the optimization method to improve the PWM driving by controlling the electrical properties of TFT, and verified this approach by simulation.


Prof. Boris I. Plotkin [arXiv:math.GM/0210194, arXiv:math.GM/0204245] drew attention to the question when an equivalence between two categories is isomorphic as a functor to an isomorphism between them. It turns out that it is quite important for universal algebraical geometry and concerns mainly the categories $\Theta \sp 0 (X) $ of free universal algebras of some variety $\Theta $ free generated by finite subsets of $X$. In the paper, a complete answer to the Plotkin's question is given: there are no proper autoequivalences of the category $\Theta \sp 0 (X) $. Also some connected problems are discussed.


IT business value is an important theoretical and practical research topic in information system.Enterprise Resource Planning systems(ERP),as an indispensable IT application of a company,is the necessary conditions to maintain the vitality and competitiveness,and critical for the survival and development of firms.So far,there is lack of study on the moderating effect of the impact of ERP investments on firm performance.Based on 129 listed companies from Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 1998-2007,this research uses panel data model to study the moderating effect of corporate governance,diversification,and the time interval of ERP implementation.The empirical results show that the corporate governance has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between ERP investments and firm performance,and firms with higher level of diversification have worse performances after the ERP implementation,while ERP investments in the popularization stage are better than the development stage.This research makes up the study of the shortcomings and gaps on IT business value,and has guiding significance to increase the effectiveness of ERP implementation.


The main challenges of European health systems relate to increasing demand for care and rising expectations, the epidemiological shift towards lifestyle-related (chronic) disease and the need to develop sustainable solutions. Prevention in a broad sense—universal, selective and indicative—plays an important role in developing into sustainable health systems. To address these challenges, knowledge is needed. However, this knowledge is not restricted to fundamental and biomedical knowledge. We also need (and some might say: 'mainly' need) knowledge about the social and economic influences on health and health care utilization and on the implementation of policies to address these influences. Therefore, international health research programmes, such as those of the European Union, should not one sidedly focus on biomedical research. Apart from leaving out these important influences on health and health care, for biomedical knowledge to be used, we need to know more about the dynamics of implementation and about the broader socio-economic and health system context in which implementation takes place.

European health systems show large variation in structure, integration, processes and outcomes (in terms of health, equity, quality and costs). We have …


This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). We investigated the evolution and radiation characteristics of individual neutron stars and stellar systems. Our work concentrated on phenomena where new techniques and observations are dramatically enlarging our understanding of stellar phenomena. Part of this project was a study of x-ray and gamma-ray emission from neutron stars and other compact objects. This effort included calculating the thermal x-ray emission from young neutron stars, deriving the radio and gamma-ray emission from active pulsars and modeling intense gamma-ray bursts in distant galaxies. We also measured periodic optical and infrared fluctuations from rotating neutron stars and search for high-energy TeV gamma rays from discrete celestial sources. * Principal Investigator, E-mail: email@example.com


First of all, during the elaboration of the topic on the state of intellectual property rights in the pharmaceutical sphere, the report of the European Commission on the situation with the protection of intellectual property in third countries was analyzed, on the basis of which the most common problems were identified. The problem of "evergreen' patents, which is typical for Ukraine, is taken into consideration and research. In the course of the work the definitions of the terms "original drug" and "generic" are given. The obligatory stages of launching original medicines on the pharmaceutical market were also studied and the reasons for the long duration and high cost of this procedure were noted. In the same context, the reasons for the policy of many countries to support the production of generic drugs were considered. The main attention is paid to finding out the reasons for the emergence of "evergreen" patents and the consequences of their distribution. To confirm the negative impact of the above problem on the state's provision of a high level of public health, indicators of the cost of medicines and the degree of patient provision were presented. It was noted that the state has taken a step towards solving the problem of "evergreen" patents by adopting the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Reform of Patent Legislation". However, in the course of the work, the effectiveness of some of the provisions of the Law was questioned and their assessment by the European Commission was given. In addition, the adopted Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on Elimination of Artificial Bureaucratic Barriers and Corrupting Factors in Health Care", which amended the Laws of Ukraine "On Medicinal Products" and "On Protection of Rights" on inventions and utility models". Based on the analysis, the introduction of the "Bolar provision" into national legislation was noted, and both its advantages and possible risks were described. On the basis of the conducted researches the conclusions in which the priority direction of a policy of the state concerning regulation of the intellectual property rights in the field of pharmaceuticals is underlined are made.


A mathematical equation to describe the elastic behaviour of articular cartilage under a sinusoidally varying compressive stress is derived. The response of the articular cartilage is represented by a class of functional differential equations (FDE). The explicit solution to the FDE, with initial function, is constructed by the method of continuation with some change in variable (see Hale (1971)).


Sensor networks allow robust and precise estimation by fusing estimates from several distributed sensor nodes. Because of the often limited communication resources, a trade-off between the amount of information communicated and the quality of the fusion result has to be made. On the one hand, obtaining the optimal fusion result often needs an infeasible amount of additional information, but on the other hand, conservative methods usually lead to more pessimistic results in comparison. This paper proposes a square root decomposition of the incorporated noise terms to reconstruct the cross-covariance matrices between sensor nodes. To save communication bandwidth, a residual is defined that allows bounding of the cross-covariance matrix with a reduced number of noise terms. The consistency of the proposed method is demonstrated by two simulation examples featuring a linear and a nonlinear setup and is compared with other state-of -the-art fusion methods.


Linear free energy relationships based on Abraham descriptors have been obtained for partition from water and the gas phase into hexadec-1-ene and into deca-1,9-diene, and for permeation through egg lecithin bilayers. Comparison with equations for partition into a large number of organic solvents shows that hexadec-1-ene and deca-1,9-diene are excellent models for permeation through egg lecithin bilayers. Wet octanol is a poor model, as are all polar organic solvents. The egg lecithin bilayer is non-polar and has only weak hydrogen bond acidity and weak hydrogen bond basicity. Comparison of equations for permeation through egg lecithin bilayers, through the human intestinal membrane, through the blood-brain membrane and through human skin shows that these four permeation processes are chemically far apart. It is not possible to obtain any general model for permeation: each permeation process requires a different model system.


Just after dawn on a grey muggy morning in February 2012, some of the best surfers in the world, along with their sponsors and event officials, gathered on a beach in southern Queensland, all eyes on the ocean. It was the first day of the opening event in professional surfing's annual competition, a season that would see the best surfers - male and female - compete around the globe for millions in prize money and lucrative sponsorship deals, and a decision needed to be made.


MY attempt' to identify the Proven?al poet Daude de Pradas as one whose career centered around Rodez (Aveyron) has been variously received: Bertoni,2 Boutiere,3 Brunel4 have raised no question. Jeanroy5 queries whether, despite the number of documents attesting the rise of one Deodatus de Pratis from obscurity to the rank of 'official' or ecclesiastical judge, the same person is always referred to. K. Lewent6 simply refuses to be convinced that Daude was actually canon of Rodez rather than of Maguelonne, as his biography reports. We intend, in this note, to offer an additional piece of evidence, this time internal, to the effect that Daude was not only a native of Rouergue but identified himself with that province. In the Auzels Cassadors, a work on falconry signed by him and generally acknowledged as by our author, there is a passage in which he speaks of a juniper gum to be used in the treatment of a disease of the bird's mouth (boca):


Structured dialogue models are currently the only tools for easily building spoken dialogue systems. This approach, however, requires the dialogue designer to completely specify all dialogue behavior between the user and system, including how information is grounded between the user and the system. In this paper, we advocate factoring out the grounding behavior from structured dialogue models by using a general purpose dialogue manager that accounts for this behavior. This not only simplifies the specification of dialogue, but also allows more powerful mechanisms of grounding to be employed, which cannot be implemented within the framework of structured dialogues.


Background: A review of the literature was made concerning repressed memory phenomena and recovered memory therapy, and data from six psychiatric case histories were examined specifically with regard to repressed memory phenomena. The ramifications of repressed memory phenomena were examined regarding cultural origins and legal consequences, the role of the therapists in such cases, and the effects of repressed memory claims on the patients. Methods: A discussion of the literature regarding repressed memory phenomena and their cultural significance and legal applications precedes an examination of six cases involving repressed memory claims—three clinical psychiatric case histories and three forensic psychiatric case histories. Each case was evaluated with regard to its ultimate forensic resolution and/or its psychological impact on the patients and their families. Results: Repressed memory claims have gained cultural ascendancy during the last decade and have proliferated within the legal system, beginning with the late 1980s. Claims of repressed memory phenomena and methods of recovered memory therapy at the present time have shown little regard for substantiated proof or sound critical thinking in the pursuit of assigning blame for a wide array of adult mental illnesses and disorders. Conclusions: A method must be developed as a standard for repressed memory cases that will preserve the best interests of the patient and the integrity of the therapist's treatment plan. Recommendations are made for safeguarding the well-being of the patient and for defining the objective and credible role of the therapist in repressed memory cases.


For managers and supervisors it is very important to know how employees respond to job dissatisfaction Through the help of such knowledge these managers and supervisors will be able to diagnose the employee job dissatisfaction that might exist in the work place and then take the necessary precautions in a timely manner Research has shown that employee job dissatisfaction responses can be classified under four major headings They are: 1 Exit Leaving the organization; 2 Voice Actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions; 3 Loyalty Passively but optimistically waiting for conditions to improve and 4 Neglect not paying attention to the work or engaging in lax and disgraceful behaviors The more managers and supervisors are aware of the nature and the type of these responses the greater that they will gain control over these behaviors How employees respond to job dissatisfaction is a relatively new phenomenon and has been studied satisfactorily in the western cultures In Turkey however scholars have not paid much attention –if any at all to this phenomenon Thus in this study an attempt has been made to explore the job dissatisfaction responses of Turkish employees and the likely implications of these responses have been discussed


A chronological survey was done on the operation for pulmonary tuberculosis in 1353 cases admitted to this Sanatorium, from April 1949 to March 1947.
The cases formerly indicated for thoracoplasty were mostly undergone pulmonary resections. Annual changes were not seen in sex, but ago distribution, tended to shift from younger to older. Preoperative condition of the patient was gradually improved, and reached to its limit recently. The condition roentgenological was improved annually, though, almost one half of the cases had cavities which were less expected to being improved by chemotherapy. The positive cases of tuberculous bacilli in sputa were getting decreased in number, without any expectations for improving by subsequent ohemotherapy. By the way, occurrence of resistant bacilli was increased in a sense. Duration from onset to operation was increase. Preoperative chemotherapy was shifted use of streptomycin, PAS and INAH instead of single use, and the dosage and duration were tended to increase.


Spectrum Access System (SAS) is a three-tier spectrum sharing framework proposed for 3.5 GHz by Federal Communication Commission (FCC) in the United States. General Authorized Access (GAA) users in SAS do not have an assigned channel and can opportunistically access the Priority Access Licensee (PAL) channel satisfying the interference constraint proposed by FCC. Coexistence among GAA users in SAS is a key problem to be solved to enhance the system capacity to meet the increasing traffic demand. In this work, we propose a method for fair and efficient spectrum utilisation for GAA users. To achieve the fairness among GAA users equal interference budget allocation scheme is proposed for each set of GAA users that can hear each other. Our proposed method decide the optimal channel switching schedule that maximises the average capacity of GAA users while satisfying the interference constraint at PAL protection area. This work jointly considers the fairness between GAA users and the average capacity maximisation of GAA network. Simulation result justifies the performance of our proposed method for average capacity maximisation of GAA users and fairness between GAA users by comparing with existing works.


Boswellia serrata (gugul) and Curcuma longa (Turmeric) are well known for their anti-microbial activity. In the present study, Oleo gum resin of Boswellia serrata and dried rhizome of Curcuma longa were extracted with methanol and evaluated its antimicrobial activities using two gram positive organisms (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus)and two gram negative organisms (Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli). Both the extracts have shown significant antimicrobial activities. The screening of antimicrobial activity performed on methanolic extract of both the drugs were traditionally used as herbs shows that, they are endowed with potentially exploitable antimicrobial activity.


The inclusion in education is not restricted to the multifaceted vision of the deficiency. It consists in the dialectic exclusion/inclusion, becoming constituent part of the exclusion. We know that the antinomy exclusion/inclusion means the right to the satisfaction of the basic necessities of learning; the elimination of the barriers to the learning and the participation of all in the educative system. We understand that this only will occur when to direct the thought for the creation of inclusive cultures, the production of inclusive politics and the development of inclusive practical. These three dimensions are necessary to the inclusive (de/en)velopment inside of any school, which intends to become inclusive. We want to show the necessity to argue concerning the relation exclusion/inclusion; of the differences seen as being specific of the human being and the affectivity. The affectivity is essential for the learning. The management of the positive affectivity predisposes use the action and the reaction in different situations. The positive affectivity makes the pupil "to feel" the learning, rousing the interest in learning, eliminating the school failure in the children of popular class. Consequently, the triad, affectivity-learning-inclusion is vital for the educative process.


Abstract:  A simulated clandestine shallow grave was created within a heterogeneous, made‐ground, urban environment where a clothed, plastic resin, human skeleton, animal products, and physiological saline were placed in anatomically correct positions and re‐covered to ground level. A series of repeat (time‐lapse), near‐surface geophysical surveys were undertaken: (1) prior to burial (to act as control), (2) 1 month, and (3) 3 months post‐burial. A range of different geophysical techniques was employed including: bulk ground resistivity and conductivity, fluxgate gradiometry and high‐frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR), soil magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and self potential (SP). Bulk ground resistivity and SP proved optimal for initial grave location whilst ERT profiles and GPR horizontal "time‐slices" showed the best spatial resolutions. Research suggests that in complex urban made‐ground environments, initial resistivity surveys be collected before GPR and ERT follow‐up surveys are collected over the identified geophysical anomalies.


Nurses working in care homes have been experiencing a tough time of late. They rarely receive any plaudits, instead having to tolerate a stream of negative news stories and features bemoaning the poor standard of care on offer to residents.


In this paper, thin layers of ZnO were deposited onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. Subsequently, different layers of perovskite (MAPbX3, X = I, Br, Cl) were spin-coated onto these ZnO layers. The resulting layers were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Special attention was given to the surface topography, the crystallinityand optoelectronic properties.XRD analysis of all the thin layers showed two diffraction peaks for the ZnO/MAPbX3 heterojunction corresponding to the crystallographic planes (100) and (200). The ZnO/MAPbBr3 peaks were more intense than the peaks from the ZnO/MAPbI3 and ZnO/MAPbCl3 samples. SEM images showed the crystalline nature of the produced thin layers. The grain size of the ZnO/MAPbBr3 sample was approximately 747.00 nm, while those of the ZnO/MAPbI3 and ZnO/MAPbCl3 samples were 412.00 nm and 330.55 nm, respectively. UV-visible characterization demonstrated that the iodine-based sample had the highest solar radiation absorption and had the smallest bandgap, with Eg = 1.95 eV.


The present work of investigation on costs by order of production was realized in the Avicola of the Prado, that dedicate to the production of chickens of meat for its consumption, where several shortcomings were found in the determination of the real costs of production, such as the control of raw materials as is the balanced food, the indirect manufacturing costs. The costs are determined empirically and other costs are omitted as is the mortality of the chickens, negatively affecting the real determination of the utility.
Information was taken from books, theses, scientific articles and website documents, with an analysis of our research topic to have a basis and scientific basis in the realization of the work, the research was carried out through a descriptive design applying methods of research as the Inductive method, deductive method, in the same way I use data collection instruments such as interview and survey with the objective of knowing how is the determination of the costs of the farm Avicola del Prado.
The production of chickens in the poultry farm of the meadow is under orders from customers, so compared to the theoretical references studied, it was concluded that a cost system in order of production would be the most appropriate for the poultry farm to determine its costs efficiently and therefore know the real utility that the poultry is generating, with the results obtained through the data collection methods we can say that the poultry farm needs a cost system in order of production since you can know the real cost production and if to help the road of it.
Key Words: Costs, by production order, preserving system, poultry farm, roads, utility