Effects of fluoride (F) on electrocardiogram (ECG) values were determined in ten healthy adult male New Zealand white rabbits. After the initial ECG values were measured, the rabbits were administered 20 mg NaF/kg body weight by oral intubation for two months, and the new ECG values were determined. There was a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the R-R interval (duration between the peaks of two consecutive R waves of ECG) and P-R interval (duration from the starting of P wave to the starting of QRS complex in ECG), while significant (p<0.001) increases in the mean heart rate and corrected QT intervals were observed compared to the initial baseline values. The results indicate that F adversely affects the ECG in male rabbits.


The current state of water quality formation in surface water bodies, which serve as sources of drinking water supply in the Dnieper river basin, was considered. The water treatment technologies currently used in Ukraine, were analyzed. The inconsistency of these technologies with the current water quality in these sources of water supply was established, as these technologies are not quite suitable for the purification of water with a significant organic component of any genesis. It was found that one of the main factors that influences the quality of water in water bodies in the warm period is phytoplankton, especially during their "flowering. The factors accompanying this phenomenon were shown, the development trends and their influence on the operating water treatment systems were analyzed. It was considered the feasibility of using reagents with the effect of oxidation of the organic component of the source water, in particular chlorine dioxide, the use of which is effective in disinfection of chlorine-resistant microbiota and phenols oxidations. Moreover, in the conditions of the expected increase in the concentration of mycocystins, chlorine dioxide can be, by analogy with ozone, a fairly effective oxidant of these toxins with a prolonged disinfection effect.
The potential development areas of water treatment systems by intensifying bio-physico-chemical processes on the basis of the existing typical capacitive and package units of water treatment plants are given. The perspective areas of scientific and technological developments for substantiation of effective solutions on modernization of existing water treatment facilities were established in these conditions, namely it is reasonable to consider only those solutions, which provide effective purification of water with high concentration of phytoplankton without comprehensive or radical change of water treatment technology. That is, these approaches should make maximum use of existing treatment facilities, either by their reconstruction, or with the use of new reagents, or a combination of both.


The effect of tempering temperature on the mechanical property and microstructure of a large heat input welding steel was researched by traditional mechanical testing equipment,OM and SEM.The results showed that the microstructure of the steel under TMCP is ferrite,basinet,and a little of martensite.The structure of the samples is ferrite and tempering sorbite,and some carbides are precipitated after high temperature tempering.The fracture of the samples is characterized by dimples and the inclusions are usually two or some kinds of complex inclusions including Al2O3、MnS and TiO2.With increasing tempering temperature,the carbides on the ferrite base gather and grow.The tensile strength of the samples reduces sharply after tempering,and the impact toughness improves greatly,and the elongation increases gradually.The best tempering temperature is in the rage of 600~630 ℃.


The Gnomon of the idios logos was a handbook or code of regulations that consisted of a list of legal rulings relevant to the affairs of the institution of the "Private" or "Special Account" (idios logos) in the Roman province of Egypt.

Keywords:

archives and documents;
economic history;
government;
politics;
and law;
legal history;
Roman history


In this article the experiences of three Dutch travelers (the authors Everhardus Johannes Potgieter, Gerard Keller and Marcellus Emants) are discussed. They found an exotic environment. Most important, through their presentations of Swedish culture life and literature, they acted as `cultural transmitters' who paved the way for a visible `turn' regarding Swedish society and culture in the nineteenth century in the Netherlands.


ABSTRACT
 When I first decided to investigate an intersectional approach to frame forces operating in cases of indigenous women affected by land conflicts, I had not envisioned that the metaphorical aspect would be such a crucial part of operationalizing the concept. Since its first formulation, the term intersectionality has been attached to the image of intersecting roads, and still today when searching for online videos for pedagogical purposes, the results show cars driving towards people standing on crossroads to explain the meaning. Intersecting roads, however, also emerged in my fieldwork in a literal maner. The passage from metaphor to materiality of the concept of intersectionality, I argue, can affect the identitarian logic that predominates in most proclaimed legal intersectional approaches. The paper proposes to bring intersectionality to materiality by re-imagining the metaphor of intersectionality through an ethnographic approach to indigenous peoples' land conflicts in La Pampa, Argentina.


For various bearing states, the traditonal model has insufficient ability to extract important information, low accuracy and poor generalization ability of the model in complex environment.Therefore, a bearing fault diagnosis method based on CNN-BiLSTM-Attention is proposed. This method combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and bidirectional long and short term memory network (BiLSTM), adds the Dropout mechanism to the BiLSTM network to suppress the overfitting problem, then introduces the attention mechanism to automatically assign different weights to the BiLSTM network to improve the sensitivity and the ability to grasp different fault information. In order to verify the effect of this model, the Case Western Reserve University(CWRU) bearing fault dataset was used for experimental verification, the results show that the proposed model has higher accuracy and stronger generalization ability than other models in the multitask problem under complex working conditions.


The article by Wolraich, Doffing, and Worley in this issue is an important study in that it begins the difficult process of asking, ''What does a clinician do when significant differences are found between parent and teacher behavior reports about a child evaluated for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?'' Teacher and parent ratings on a standardized behavioral checklist informed by DSM-IV criteria were compared for ADHD diagnostic criteria. Behavioral symptoms and performance (''impairment'') were assessed. There was considerably low agreement between parent and teacher reports of ADHD symptoms. In that the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD in school-age children requires documentation of impairment in two settings (school and home), few children in the study met complete criteria for diagnosis. The authors then analyzed the data by using a diagnostic model that allowed for fewer than six out of nine behavioral criteria in the presence of parent-teacher agreement on impairment. Using the alternative model, the authors conclude that ''allowing for observer disagreement by using more lenient core symptom scores could reduce the effect'' of the authors' presumption of underdiagnosis based on current criteria. The method of employment of specific diagnostic criteria for ADHD is crucial when we apply this study to children who are underachieving in school. It begs the question, ''What is ADHD?'' Most clinicians would agree that ADHD is a neurobehavioral condition in which symptoms are dependent on and modified by the environment. Why should we expect a child with a behavioral condition to respond to different situations in similar ways? The environmental effect of a school classroom on a particular child may be different when one classroom is compared to another, and when one teacher is compared to another. Likewise, home environments and tolerance levels of parents for various behaviors are equally varied. The environment in which children live is not the only variable that yields different observations of child behavior by adults. Differences in temperament among teachers and parents may account for variance in behavioral reports. It is not uncommon for two parents, living in the same home of a child under evaluation, to endorse different behaviors or degrees of behavior when their child is evaluated for ADHD. Similarly, behavior reports from multiple teachers of a middle school or high school student may reveal significant differences. From this perspective, one might conclude that low agreement on behaviors observed by teachers and parents should be seen frequently. Although difficult to achieve, it would be interesting to study the agreement between parents and an educator trained to observe differences in children. Most teachers do not receive specific training in observing and recording behaviors. If a special education teacher or a school psychologist observed the children, would this difference alter the discrepancy between observed behaviors in school and reports by parents in the home? From a clinical perspective of a pediatrician confronted with this apparent dilemma, the low agreement on teacherparent reports of child behavior may be ''an opportunity'' for further clinical investigation. The authors of the study imply that the difference is problematic. In many cases, it may reflect a crowded classroom, an inexperienced teacher, undernutrition, marital disharmony (or other family conflicts), or an inability of a parent to accurately reflect on home behaviors (to name only a few contributing environmental influences). The opportunity is available for further clinical investigation. When faced with this situation, I ask the parents their opinion about the differences in reporting of behaviors. Have you spoken to the teacher about your child's classroom behavior and performance? What was the content of the discussion? Why do you think that the report from school is not consistent with your own observations at home? Tell me more about your son's behavior at different times: when playing, studying, at a meal, at a religious service, with siblings, etc. In a learning environment with pediatric residents, I often send the resident to the school for a naturalistic classroom observation and compare the observation of the student's behavior and learning style with the teacher and parent reports. There is also an opportunity available here for the resident's education. Compared to other childhood biological disorders, pediatricians and other clinicians are challenged during the diagnostic process of a behavioral condition like ADHD. Lacking a biological test for confirmation, we are left with a Commentary


Some 35 years ago, in Brouwer's clinic, OQjenick, deVet, and one of the authors (J.J.M.) observed a female patient with intermittent disturbances of the visual field due to compression of the optic chiasm by a meningioma. Her history indicated that the visual difficulties occurred toward the end of each of her frequent pregnancies-she had seven-and disappeared again after each delivery. They became permanent shortly before her hospitalization 10 years after their onset. Similar clinical observations have been reported since that time (Hagedoorn, 1937; Rand and Audler, 1950; Weyand, MacCarty, and Wilson, 1951; Bickerstaff, Small, and Guest, 1958; Tarnow, 1960), dealing with the problem of cerebral tumours, especially meningiomas, in pregnancy. There is agreement that meningiomas and neurinomas enlarge during pregnancy. Water retention in the body and increased fluid content in the tumour are thought to be the cause. Other observers believe that there is acceleration of growth, presumably as a result of hormonal changes.


Professional commitment has been studied in multiple settings, yet little is known about the professional sport setting. A total of 27 male athletic trainers, employed full time in the professional sport setting, participated in this study. Our participants were 34 years old (range 30–58), with 21 ± 7 years of experience as a certified athletic trainer, and more than 17 ± 7 years of experience in the professional setting. We conducted online asynchronous interviews. All data were analyzed following an interpretative approach. Data saturation was met, and we used a peer review and researcher triangulation. Barriers to professional commitment included time away from family/home and negative work environment. The facilitators to professional commitment were competition, positive work environment, and off-season professional development. The professional sport setting is unique, much like the collegiate setting, and thus our findings highlight that time away and a negative workplace atmosphere can reduce an a...


ABSTRACT In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of using the mixture of plant growth regulators auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin in the physiological behavior and productive components of cabbage plants hybrid Fuyutoyo ® . The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications, evaluating five doses of the mixture of plant growth regulators, in the form of the commercial product Stimulate ® (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mL p.c./100 L H 2 O). The spray applications of plant growth regulators started when the plants presented 7-8 expanded leaves, carried out fortnightly, totaling five applications along the cycle. The authors evaluated gas exchange measures; fresh mass, diameter and firmness of "heads"; and number of leaves. The study concluded that applications of 200 mL of the mixture of plant growth regulators p.c/100 L H2O promoted higher photosynthetic yield (21.40 µmol CO 2 /m 2 /s), and fresh mass (3.46 kg), vertical and horizontal diameter (13.23 and 16.61 cm), number of leaves (30.95) and firmness of the "head" (54.48 N). The authors recommend, in order to choose the best dose, to analyze to which market segment the product will be directed.


N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae are obligate human pathogens that colonize mucosal surfaces and are often carried asymptomatically. These bacteria have developed adhesive structures that promote ...


Although a wide variety of degradation modes can occur in aqueous environments for corrosion-resistant metallic materials, localized corrosion such as pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, SCC, and hydrogen embrinlement (HE) is considered to be the primary mode. The evaluation of the susceptibility of candidate corrosion-resistant container materials to pitting and crevice corrosion is well underway using electrochemical polarization techniques described in the Activity Plan E-20-43144. The proposed activity (E-20-56) is aimed at evaluating the SCC behavior of these materials in susceptible environments using the linearelastic-fracture-mechanics (LEFM) concept. The mechanical driving force for crack growth, or the stress distribution at the crack tip is quantified by the stress intensity factor, K, for the specific crack and loading geometry. The critical stress intensity factor for SCC, KISCC for candidate materials will be evaluated in environments of interest, and their comparisons will be made to select the waste package inner container material having an optimum SCC resistance.


As intermodal systems are being developed, designs must be re-thought to take into account concerns that seamless trans-shipment of cargo could also result in seamless shipment of dangerous goods. Several U.S. initiatives have emerged to address this possibility. One is the U.S. Custom Service's 24-hour rule, which require cargo manifests at the port of call 24 hours before the cargo is loaded. Container tracking tests are also being conducted. What remains to be determined is which carrier in a chain of transfers is responsible for keeping a record of the cargo. Among the different approaches for tracking shipments are trackside scanners in the Alameda Corridor outside the Port of Los Angeles that read tags on cargo containers, biometric smart cards to track identities of truckers and cargo handlers, electronic seals for ship containers that send automated alerts via transponders and warn when a container has been tampered with without authorization, and seals on rail containers that can be read by devices along the route. Still, a great deal of testing remains to be done, and a global set of standards needs to be agreed upon.


The invention discloses a mobile phone card holder capable of identifying three cards simultaneously. A rotating shaft, a first elastic sheet installation hole and a second elastic sheet installation hole are arranged on a protruding area of a fixing insulating plastic cement layer; a third elastic sheet installation hole is arranged on a recessed area of the fixing insulating plastic cement layer; a first Micro-SIM card contact elastic sheet, a TF card contact elastic sheet and a second Micro-SIM card contact elastic sheet are arranged in the first elastic sheet installation hole, the second elastic sheet installation hole and the third elastic sheet installation hole respectively; the top of the first Micro-SIM card contact elastic sheet and the top of the TF card contact elastic sheet are both arranged in a first card slot of a card support; the top of the second Micro-SIM card contact elastic sheet extends into a second card slot of the card support; a micro switch is arranged in the first card slot; and the micro switch and a limiting elastic sheet form a loop. The mobile phone card holder provided by the invention can identify three cards simultaneously, and therefore, the inner installation space of the mobile phone card holder can be fully utilized, and the overall thickness of the mobile phone card holder will not be increased.


In this paper the effect of uncertainties in the cross-sectional parameters of CPWs and MSLs (e.g. line geometry, substrate material) on the propagation constants is investigated, and fundamental differences between CPW and MSL are illustrated. Since both planar waveguides can be characterized by on-wafer S-parameter measurements, the propagation of uncertainties when using either CPWs or MSLs as calibration standards for the well-known Thru-Reflect-Line calibration procedure is also investigated.


The dielectric constant s of Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3-Ph(Fe1/1W1/3)O3 binarysystem has been measured at high hydrosatic pressures from 0 to 14kbar andtemperature from -190℃ to 100℃. The experimental results indicate that temperature and Pressure-induced phase transitions are diffused. With increasingpressure) the phase transition temperature T. drops linearly with dTm/dP=-3.1℃/kbar, maximum permittivity emax decreases, and the diffusion degree ofthe phase transition increases. These properties of diffused phase transition athigh pressure are discussed phenomenologically in this paper.


264 Intertribial percid hybrid tests were made among the Percini,Luciopercini and Etheostomatini.Only those between the Luciopercini and Etheostomatini(both reciprocals)fed, indicating a close phylogenetic relationship.A series of morphologic characters also support separating the Percini from the other two tribes of North American Percidae. Fish eggs can be fertilized by sperm of related species and most of the putative natural hybrids are between relatively closely related species (Hubbs,1955).The paternal and maternal chromatin of relatively distantly related taxa may interact in the environment of the egg cytoplasm to initiate development and the amount of successful ontogeny is reasonably closely associated with the accepted phylogenetic relationship(Hubbs,1967a).The relationship of hybrid survival to morphologically based phylogeny has been shown for cobitids(Suzuki,1957),cyprinids(Suzuki, 1968),centrarchids(Hester,1970),cyprinodonts(Hubbs and Drewry,1959),salmonids (Simon and Noble,1968),and many others. The overall concordance of hybrid experiments and classification(Nikoljukin,1952;Kryzhanovsky,1968)permits application of hybrid survival to help in determining phylogenetic relationships when morphological data are conflicting. Many percid hybrids have been produced artificially.Hybrids between Stizostedion vitreum and S.canadense have been reared by Nelson(1968),hybrids between Perca fluviatalis and Gymnocephalus(=Acerina)cernua have been reported by Kammerer(1907), and a series of crosses among darters reported by Hubbs(1967b)who also reported less success in interfamilial crosses.Despite all of the tests on percid hybrids,none have been done between darters and other percids and laboratory tests between Perca and Stizostedion had severely deformed larvae (Kammerer,1907;Balon,1956)in striking contrast to the putative"normal"natural hybrid reported by Peippo(1962). Collette(1963)discussed the various methods of arranging the percid genera and the following summary is based on his tribal groupings.The darters(Etheostomatini)are a nearctic compact group of small benthic fishes comprising approximately 100 species in three or more genera,Percina,Ammocrypta, and Etheostoma.The walleyes(Luciopercini) are a group of 5 closely related large piscivores usually placed in one genus(Stizostedion). The perches(Percini)are a group of 7 species in 3 genera,Perca,Gymnocephalus,and Percarina.The fourth group is an eurasian group(Romanichthyini)of four species in two genera,Zingel and Romanichthys. This paper reports on the survival of hybrids between species representing the first three tribes and of representatives of those percid tribes with a variety of available species.The three groups have been arranged with the following relationships:perches and walleyes in one group contrasted with darters(Jordan, 1923);perches and darters,in one group different from but related to walleyes(Collette, 1963);and the three groups of equal taxonomic rank(Hubbs and Lagler,1958).The hybridization results support the last interpretation but are in best accord with a grouping of darters and walleyes contrasted with the perch and its allies.


We are currently developing a failsafe multiline tether system for long-duration, highvalue, and crew-rated missions. The lifetimes of current single-line tethers are limited by damage due to meteorite and orbital debris impactors to periods on the order of weeks. Although single-lme tether lifetimes can be improved by increasing the diameter of the tether, this incurs a prohibitive mass penalty. We have developed a tether structure composed of multiple lines with redundant interlinking that is able to withstand many impacts. Analytical modeling and numerical simulation of this design indicate that this tether structure can achieve lifetimes of tens of years without incurring a mass penalty. Moreover, while single-line tether survival probability drops exponentially with time, redundant linkage in failsafe multiline tethers keeps the tether survival probability very high until the tether lifetime is reached. d


Abstract: We compared exotic pasture grass cover near the edges of 20–25-y-old secondary forests (N = 8) with those of mature forests (N = 8), bordering actively grazed pastures on the Pacific Coast of Ecuador. We estimated grass cover in 224 1 × 3-m plots along transects that ran from the pasture edge into forest interiors (11–44 m). Using a spline regression, we divided the transects into three segments: exterior (in the pasture), edge and interior (in the forest). With a stepwise regression, we tested the effect of transect section, forest type and distance from edge on grass cover. Forest type, distance from edge, interior transect section and the combined effect of distance from edge in both the interior and exterior sections explained variation in grass cover. Grass abundance was higher and penetrated further into secondary than mature forests. Edge proximity and differences in forest canopy openness likely favours recruitment and persistence of pasture grasses.


Plasma levels of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols, the lipoproteins that transport them, and proteins involved in their absorption from the intestinal lumen fluctuate in a circadian manner. These changes are likely controlled by clock genes expressed in the intestine that are probably synchronized by neuronal and humoral signals from the suprachiasmatic nuclei, which constitute a master clock entrained by light signals from the eyes and from the environment, e.g., food availability. Acute changes in circadian rhythms--e.g., due to nonsynchronous work schedules or a transcontinental flight--may trigger intestinal discomfort. Chronic disruptions in circadian control mechanisms may predispose the individual to irritable bowel syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and peptic ulcer disease. A more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying temporal changes in intestinal activity might allow us to identify novel targets for developing therapeutic approaches to these disorders.


Green Design and Manufacturing is the embodiment of sustainable development strategy in the manufacturing industly. APPlying Life Cycle Assessment method,in this paper,a specific product:High- Speed Rotary Tablet Pressing machine (Model: GZPK100) is analyzed, its effect on the envionment during the life cycle is quantified. Then,the application of Green Design to practice is explored.


Cockayne 1 stated in 1933 that the tendency toward loss of hair is closely linked to the genes for dark hair. He cited Sabouraud as having reported a familial history of loss of hair in 22 of 81 cases of alopecia areata. We think that the cases here reported furnish evidence of a hereditary tendency toward complete loss of hair on the scalp and body. REPORT OF CASES Case 1.— Mrs. M. S., a white woman aged 32, was seen by us on Oct. 15, 1941 because of a complete loss of hair of the entire body. It had begun in March 1941 as a typical alopecia areata involving the left parietal region of the scalp. This spread rapidly and involved the entire scalp, eyebrows, axillas, pubes and extremities. She had been under treatment with ultraviolet irradiation and application of phenol without success for three and one-half months before we


Silver microtracks with excellent electrical functionality were created by electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing of commercial metallo-organic ink. Novel e-jet printing was performed in a fully voltage-controlled fashion. By using a 20 μm nozzle and reducing the printing distance to 50 μm, metallic tracks with a sub-100 μm linewidth were successfully achieved on Si substrates. The physical properties of the printed tracks were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectrum analysis, and electrical measurements. A low resistivity in the range (2–4)×10−8 Ω m, 1.7–2.4 times of the theoretical value of silver, was obtained for the printed microtracks. A uniform fine track with a 35 μm feature size was produced by pulsed jet printing operating at low voltage, and a drop-on-demand capability of ∼7 pl/drop was estimated.


The factors affecting AFLP analysis in the study of genetic diversity of oats(Avena sativa),including primer selection,digestion and ligation of DNA,amplified conditions and detection ways,were investigated.An optimization system of AFLP markers for oats was established: 800 ng/μL oat DNA was digested with 10 U EcoRⅠand 4 U MseⅠat 37 ℃ for 7 h and then 65 ℃ for 4 h,ligation mixture was kept at 16 ℃ for 12 h;pre-selective amplification was set up with 1 μL restriction-ligation sample DNA,0.6 μL 10 μmol/L EcoRⅠand MseⅠprimers,2 μL 10×buffer and 2 μL dNTPS,ddH2O was added up to 20 μL.In 20 μL selective amplification,5 μL diluted(20×) DNA pre μselective amplification product,0.8 μL 50 ng/μL EcoRⅠand Mse I selective primers.Clear,steady and higher polymorphic oat AFLP bands were obtained through this optimized system.


Along with single-cell genomic sequencing, the technologies collectively known as "meta'omics," including metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics, and metaproteomics, are powerful new tools for learning how microbes in, on, and around us affect our health and well-being. We can then use this understanding to diagnose, prevent, and treat inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and other diseases.


Abstract We give a classification of irreducible admissible modulo $p$ representations of a split$p$-adic reductive group in terms of supersingular representations. This is a generalization of a theorem of Herzig.


 Instructions and Data streams can be either single or multiple  Single Instruction, Single Data (SISD)  Serial, non-parallel computer – e.g., single CPU PCs, workstations and mainframes  Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD)  All processor units execute same instruction on different data  Example: Vector processors such as IBM 9000, Cray C90  Multiple Instruction, Single Data (MISD)  Rare (e.g., C.mmp), data operated on by multiple instructions  Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data (MIMD)  Most modern parallel computers  Processors may be executing different instructions on different data streams  Review Terminology from tutorial


From 1992,the real estate industry steped into oligopoly market with the government regulation changing.The developer performs oligopoly action based on land strength and enjoys supper profits.The oligopoly actions affect the efficiency of market and low down the group benefit.With these,it becomes important to strengthen the regulation of real estate market.


In the classical nonabelian Hodge theory [Sim], one has the following Simpson correspondence: Let X be a compact Kähler manifold. There is an equivalence of categories C X : HIG(X) → MIC(X), where HIG(X) is the category of polystable Higgs bundles over X with vanishing first two Chern classes and MIC(X) is the category of semisimple flat bundles over X. The equivalence is independent of the choice of a background Kähler metric, and the following functoriality holds: Let f : Y → X be a morphism of compact Kähler manifolds. Then for any (E, θ) ∈ HIG(X), one has a natural isomorphism in MIC(Y )


............................................................................................................... I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................... III CERTIFICATION .................................................................................................. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................... V LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................ IX LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... XIII GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.......................................... XV 1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................1 1.1 Research Context.............................................................................................1 1.2 Types of Marine Protected Areas....................................................................3 1.3 Global Agreement on Marine Protected Areas ...............................................8 1.4 Australian National Representative System of Marine Protected Areas.......11 1.5 NSW Marine Parks........................................................................................15 1.6 Effectiveness of MPAs..................................................................................19 1.7 Research Questions .......................................................................................23 1.8 Structure ........................................................................................................24 1.9 Scope .............................................................................................................26 2 STATUS OF NSW MARINE PARKS IN RELATION TO NATIONAL AND REGIONAL COMMITMENTS. ............................................................................29 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................29 2.2 Evolution of NSW Marine Parks...................................................................30 2.2.1 Selection and declaration of marine parks in NSW ...............................30 2.2.2 Marine park zoning and review..............................................................33 2.2.3 Recent developments..............................................................................38 2.3 Methods .........................................................................................................41 2.3.1 Assessment of NSW MPA commitments and targets ............................41 2.3.2 MPA gap analysis...................................................................................41 2.4 Results ...........................................................................................................42 2.4.1 Assessment of NSW MPA commitments ..............................................42 2.4.2 MPA gap analysis...................................................................................49 2.5 Discussion .....................................................................................................54 2.5.1 NSW legal obligations for establishing MPAs. .....................................54 2.5.2 Progress towards meeting national commitments. .................................55


Charge transfer of polycrystallines and mononocrystals of K3H(SO4)2 superprotonic conductor was investigated. We have shown that in an external dc electric field the protonic charge transport assisted by electrons behaves nonlinearly below the temperature of fast proton phase transition. This can be considered as a soliton-like behaviour. The current fluctuations, which are proportional to the basic current, are most probably evoked by the formation of charge density waves which are pinned/depinned in the crystal lattice. ac investigations also indicate nonlinear character of conductivity.


We have analysed 1012 cases of cerebrum trauma of CT images and compared with results after operations.We found that the accuracy of CT diagnosis was 9921%.CT is best method of diagniosis cerebrum trauma.


The Schaub bound is one of well-known lower bounds of the minimum distance for given cyclic code C, and defined as the minimum value, which is a lower bound on rank of matrix corresponding a codeword, in defining sequence for all sub-cyclic codes of given code C. In this paper, we will try to show relationships between the Schaub bound, the Roos bound and the shift bound from numerical experiments. In order to reduce computational time for the Schaub bound, we claim one conjecture, from numerical examples in binary and ternary cases with short code length that the Schaub bound can be set the value from only defining sequence of given code C.


More and more complex and diverse network security problems bring great challenges to the analysis of abnormal network behavior. In order to detect the abnormal connection behavior of the network more accurately, this paper first uses the knowledge graph technology to extract the graph feature parameters that can reflect the node and the overall situation of the network, and then proposes a two-stage unsupervised anomaly analysis method for the abnormal changes of the feature parameters. In the first stage, the anomaly analysis of the whole network graph features is carried out based on clustering technology, so the rough positioning is carried out. In the second stage, the abnormal trend analysis is performed on the graph features of important nodes to determine the category of abnormal connection behavior. On this basis, the time series prediction method is used to predict the node graph features, so as to provide early warning for network security. The experimental results show that the method can effectively extract the network abnormal behavior and predict the development trend of the network in the future, and provide a good support for the understanding of network security situation.


In this paper, we prepared poly para aminobenzoic acid (PABA) membrane on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using cyclic voltammetry(CV) following electrochemically degrading to form a porous PABA (PPABA) membrane. The PPABA membrane was characterized using CV technique, scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements. The PPABA membrane could improve sensitivity of dopamine (DA) and inhibit ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) electrochemical oxidation. The PPABA/GCE-based electrohemical sensor displayed a good linear ranges from 0 μM to 30 μM DA with a low detection limits of 1.6 μM DA (S/N=3) in voltammetry measurement. The proposed sensor has the advantages of being simple, reproducible and stable and can be used as a new sensitive electrochemical biosensor for the detection of DA.


The thermoluminescence of single crystals of ammonium perchlorate irradiated with X rays, uv light, or high energy electrons has been measured between 80 and 420 K. With a heating rate of 5 K/min. ...


The characterizations of a modular lattice to be semisimple are obtained. By using these results, the necessary and sufficent conditions of an algebra module, module, ring, group and semigroup, respectively, to be semisimple are given.


We read with interest the recent article from Bernal et al. about the use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) during the liver transplant assessment to determine the aerobic capacity and hence survival of patients with chronic liver disease. The aim of the study group was to confirm the relationship between the aerobic capacity determined at the time of CPET and survival after liver transplantation. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality after surgery for patients undergoing liver transplantation. Because of the low incidence of postoperative deaths in the transplant cohort (17 patients over a median follow-up period of 754 days), it is difficult to comment on the relationship between the aerobic capacity at the time of CPET and postoperative mortality. This is confounded by the fact that patients with CPET exclusions, who likely had higher mortality rates, were not included in the study. Furthermore, the low incidence of postoperative deaths raises questions about a limited role for physical training interventions in improving the aerobic capacity and, therefore, postoperative mortality. This is supported by the finding that the patients in the transplant group who were nonsurvivors at 1 year had a higher median peak oxygen consumption value of 17.1 mL/kg/minute, whereas the median was 15.9 mL/kg/minute for the survivors. We agree with the authors that measuring the aerobic capacity at the time of CPET may have more of a role in predicting postoperative hospital stays. An investigation of whether preoperative optimization aimed at increasing oxygen consumption could reduce the length of stay and, therefore, resource use would be interesting. This study shows a correlation between measures of aerobic capacity and handgrip strength (HGS). There is 1 small previous study showing that malnutrition (determined by HGS) is associated with increased mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. Further studies of HGS in the setting of liver disease may help to support the use of HGS in predicting the survival of patients after liver transplantation. HGS is a useful alternative to CPET because of its availability, lower cost, and ease of assessment. HGS can also be used for those patients who have exclusions to the performance of CPET. This study also demonstrates a correlation between the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score and the aerobic capacity. All 3 measures—the aerobic capacity at the time of CPET, HGS, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score—are associated with increased mortality and lengths of stay after liver transplantation. However, until studies are conducted to assess the impact that physical training interventions and nutrition have on optimizing these measures preoperatively, none of these should be used as the sole determinant for liver transplantation.


Hello, my name is Sara Nyman and I'm a senior economist in the Markets Competition and Technology in the World Bank. In this presentation I'm going to give you an overview of Competition policy for the Data driven economy particularly focusing on digital platform firms in developing countries. This module compliments the earlier module on data as a resource for the private sector where I outline some of the key risks that lie in the increasing use of data by the private sector including risks of a tendency towards concentration and entrenched market power.


Maroon 5 is an American band, originally from Los Angeles (California), which was formed between 1994 and 1995 under the name Flowers of Kara. Its first album received good reviews by music critics and fans due to their hybrid sounds between rock and rhythm & blues. Second album of Maroon 5, "It won to be soon before long", achieved a great sonorous transformation, which is the analysis of this document. The present thesis contains a breakdown of the theory of the genders: pop, rock, R & B and funk. This serves as the framework in which the band's second album would be closely studied. Finally, this work also includes a production and the final product will be a text and two unpublished songs of the band Jam 4.


The canon of constitutional law, like any fundamental principle, is a function of the values that inspire it. If a meaningful learning experience is the overarching concern, the common denominators of constitutional law casebooks should reveal the canon's general shadings. Insofar as casebook authorship until recently was the province of a relative few, the canon's analysis and indexing have been a rather hierarchical enterprise. Recent trends in publishing, however, have expanded the sources of and opportunities for definition. Among other things, these developments have complicated the ability to monitor the canon or track its permutations. Although the market ultimately has limits to the amount of mass distributed hard copies it can absorb, the forces of electronic interactivity and utility are coalescing toward reducing the significance of these barriers. Expanded access to electronic data bases already has freed instructors, in theory if not always in practice, from the procrustean hold of standardized source materials. With the publishing industry itself aggressively encouraging instructors to generate individualized casebooks, autonomous selection is emerging as a realistically convenient and viable alternative to authoritative selection. To the extent editing and usage become more coextensive, the canon's definition may be subject to dynamics that are more populist than elitist. Decentralization of the editorial process presumably creates the potential for higher diversification and innovation quotients. Whether an expanded community of


HST/STIS spectral monitoring of Eta Carinae and its ejecta reveals the presence of a relatively small bipolar structure inside the central regions of the familiar Homunculus lobes. Astrometric analysis shows that the Little Homunculus was most likely ejected during the 1890 event. Here we employ a simple plasma analysis on the ejecta: (1) identify the forbidden [Fe II] lines, and (2) use them with a Boltzmann distribution to estimate a locus in "gas temperature" -versus- "Reddening" parameter space. Our preliminary result shows that gas temperature of the Little Homunculus may be around 5000 K with reddening E(B-V) approx. = 0.5 of a standard interstellar reddening is valid.


We study modular symmetry anomalies in four-dimensional low-energy effective field theory, which is derived from six-dimensional supersymmetric $U(N)$ Yang-Mills theory by magnetic flux compactification. The gauge symmetry $U(N)$ is broken to $U(N_a) \times U(N_b)$ by magnetic fluxes. It is found that Abelian subgroup of the modular symmetry corresponding to discrete part of $U(1)$ can be anomalous, but other elements independent of $U(1)$ in the modular symmetry are always anomaly-free.


On reading the article, The Washingtons of Sulgrave, in the October 1937 issue of The William and Mary Quarterly, anyone, not well acquainted with what has already been published about the Washington family and Sulgrave Manor, would naturally suppose that Mr. S. H. L. Washington, has recently made some startling discoveries hitherto unknown to the accredited American and English workers in that field of research. It is certainly unfortunate that that writer should have omitted to explain that many of the facts were first published in the late Mr. Edward Lee McClain's contribution to American and some English history in 1932 at the time of the celebrations connected with the bicentenary of President George Washington's birth, entitled The Washington Ancestry and Records of the McClain, Johnson and Forty other Colonial American Families, compiled by Mr. C. A. Hoppin, of New York, a distinguished and reliable genealogical expert. This work bears the imprint, "Copyright1932 Edward Lee McClain. All Rights Reserved." Now Mr. S. H. L. Washington's first claim is the correction of the "hitherto accepted" mistakes about the early life of Lawrence Washington (the founder of the Sulgrave branch) and he suggests that Sir William Parr (and not Sir Thomas Kytson) influenced Lawrence Washington to remove from Warton in Lancashire and become a wool merchant in Northampton, England. By 1932 the errors about the early career of Lawrence Washington had all been exposed. I was the first to prove that Lawrence Washington as late as 1529 was still in Warton, Lancashire. The Rev. H. Isham Longden has shown in his History of the Washington Family that Lawrence Washington is of record March 24th 1530 at Northampton, receiving property and married to Elizabeth widow of William Gough, a rich mercer, who had been bailiff of Northampton in 1514 and had made his will August 24th 1528. The Rev. H. I. Longden, Mr. C. A. Hoppin and I all knew that the marriage of Catherine Kytson in 1545 had nothing to do with Lawrence Washington's arrival at Northampton in 1529 or 1530, and nowhere do we state that it influenced him. At the Public Record Office in London, more than thirty years ago, I examined some pleadings and depositions of the time of Henry VIII relating to the ownership of a farmhold in Warton, Lancashire. Margaret Washington (nee Kytson), widow, and her son Lawrence were accused of wrongfully occupying in 1529 the Warton farmhold after the death of Robert Washington in 1528.


The functional distribution of income can be affected by price changes in international markets, by changes in technology which may be biased in factor saving, and by reductions in cost which allow vertically -integrated production processes to be fragmented and spread over several countries. Simple 2x2 Heckscher-Ohlin models yield predictions about income distribution which are at odds with frameworks allowing a wider variety of commodities to be produced and traded. In this framework a country losing out in a labour-intensive segment of production to foreign competition may experience increases in real wages.


The study explores the business of mortgage default insurance for residential property finance as a potential innovation in the South African housing finance system. The commercial viability (in terms of post-tax earnings) of such an insurance programme, as targeted at the low-income households, is investigated, with a focus on the so-called gap market in the country's housing market ladder. One highlight of the study is the difficulty of determining an appropriate price for the premium, given no prior historical record of default behaviour in the target market. This leads to a less than ideal resort to a claims pattern (and earnings pattern) from a mature and yet arguably different market in Canada. These so-called international patterns of default behaviour, although perhaps not representative of the local South African situation, have been used in successful first-time MI implementation elsewhere in emerging economies. The study finds in favour of a profitable, sustainable programme under assumed economic conditions of relatively high mortgage interest rates of 13% pa and higher. Premium underpricing, however, appears to occur at mortgage rates of 10% pa and lower, rendering the business unworkable over a 9-year forecast period, with persistent annual reported negative earnings for the period.


The next Australian census is to be held on 9 August. The trend has been for fewer people to identify as Anglican, says sociologist Andrew Singleton, an associate professor at Deakin University, who is conducting research on behalf of the Bishop Perry Institute as to what it means to be Anglican in contemporary Australia.


Objective: To see the frequency of coronary artery stenosis in the patients of stable angina having left bundle branchblock, and to see the effects of gender and age on this correlation. Design: Experimental case series. Setting: Bahawal Victoria Hospital,Bahawalpur. Period: June 2006 to May 2008. Methods: One hundred and forty one (141) patients of Stable Angina presenting with atypicalchest pain, both male and female of 30—70 years age, positive for LBBB and with normal Cardio-Thoracic Ratio, normal echocardiographyand negative for conventional risk factors and family history of Coronary Artery Disease were taken. All patients were angiographied .Results: A total of 141 patients were investigated through coronary angiogram to see the frequency of coronary artery stenosis in thesepatients. Ninety five (67.4%) patients proved to have coronary artery stenosis. The male patients showed higher frequency (87.4%) ofharboring coronary vessel blockade as compared to that (35.2%) in females (P value <0.0005). There was no relation between age and thefrequency of coronary stenosis (P value >0.05). Conclusions: There is significant difference (P value <0.0005) in coronary artery stenosisamong men and women having LBBB.


Due to an increase of human activity, an increase health risk has emerged from the presence of pollutants in the environment. In the transition to renewable and sustainable life style, treatment of ...


We produce molecules using Bose-enhanced Raman photoassociation. We apply the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) technique on a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to produce more than ultracold molecules. This chemical reaction is only made possible because of the Bose enhancement of the optical transition dipole moment between the initial atomic state and an intermediate molecular state. We study the effect of Bose enhancement by measuring the transition Rabi frequency in a BEC and by comparing it with measurements for two atoms in sites of a Mott insulator. By breaking the dimers' bond and directly observing the separated atoms, we measure the molecular inelastic collision rate parameters. We discuss the possibility of applying Bose-enhanced STIRAP to convert a BEC of atoms into a BEC of molecules, and argue that the required efficiency for STIRAP is within experimental reach.


Background: Body habitus differences may explain some of the variation in lung function between individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). We tested the hypothesis that measures of lean muscle mass and obesity are independently associated with lung function in CF. Methods: Cross-sectional study design using UK CF registry data from 2096 clinically stable adults. Results: Serum creatinine and BMI were positively and independently associated with FEV1 and FVC. One standard deviation increment in serum creatinine was associated with an FEV1 increase of 171 ml (95% confidence intervals CI: +116 to +227 ml) in males and 90 ml (95% CI: +46 to +133 ml) in females. Compared to the reference group of 20–24.9 kg/m, those with a BMIb20 kg/m had lower FEV1 with values of −642 ml (95%CI: −784 to −500 ml) for males and −468 ml (95%CI: −564 to −372 ml) for females. Conclusions: Prospective studies and controlled trials are required to ascertain if these associations have therapeutic potential in modifying disease progression. © 2012 European Cystic Fibrosis Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


In the transportation vocabulary, "anticipating" is gradually replacing "reacting". Indeed, being able to forecast the evolution of the traffic in a network is a basis on which many traffic management strategies and multiple Iintelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications should ideally rely. Real time prediction capabilities are therefore becoming a concrete need for the management of networks, both for urban and interurban environments, and today's road operator expectations drive increasingly complex and exacting requirements.


Minimum miscibility pressure is the least required pressure for complete mixing of gas and oil in the reservoir conditions. It is an important parameter in the processes of gas injection in a miscible manner and its precise determination is very vital in choosing the type of injecting gas and planning injecting equipment for increasing the recovery efficiency. The common method is determining MMP in slim tube or 1-D simulation of slim tube. Usually determining the minimum miscibility pressure via slim tube apparatus is an expensive and time-consuming test and to carry it out it is necessary to have a sample of reservoir oil and suggested injecting gas. Occasionally it is possible that for some unknown reasons despite spending much time and money it won't bring up any result. As a result, for determining this parameter, finding another method which has a higher precision in addition to being swift and less expensive is very necessary. On the other hand, there are several simulation methods to determine minimum miscibility pressure. These methods are so fast rather than slim tube experiment and relatively precise. MMP can be estimated numerically using compositional simulation, method of characteristics (MOC), mixing-cell methods, intelligent methods, and empirical correlations. However, nowadays one dimensional (1-D) slim tube simulation based on compositional simulation is very common. In this paper a suggestive method is proposed for determining MMP. A mixing rule method coupled with artificial neural network model (ANN) based on a numerous experiment data. Accuracy and computational time of artificial neural network method were compared to common prior models and correlations. The results show although intelligent methods are so fast, 1-D slim tube simulation is still a proper method to determine MMP in high accuracy. Average absolute relative error for MMP value is 1.5% for 1-D slim tube simulation, while the number for ANN is 3.25%. However, ANN method is recommended for fast MMP estimation.


Traffic regulation may optimise the commercial speed and the travel duration for public transport authority. National French studies 1 have shown that bus priority systems save between 20 and 30% of crossroads travel time. The public authority transport of Toulouse (TISSEO) owns around four hundred buses, which cross potentially 500 crossroads. Bus priority systems had already been tested on a small scale within the city centre of Toulouse.


The present study investigates the sustainability of microenterprises using primary data on 222 microenterprises in the informal small business segment of India. We identified relevant factors inducing entrepreneurs to sustain their business despite facing challenges emerging in the business world from time to time. The findings indicate that microenterprises with higher initial capital investment and those run by more experienced entrepreneurs have more chances for their long-run survival. The findings further indicate that the attainment of higher education is unrelated to long-term survival in the microbusiness world, perhaps because it opens more options of livelihood leading to exploration and experimentation of other areas of work engagement. The probability of long-run survival is higher in manufacturing microenterprises as compared to trading and services, likely because manufacturing experiences less volatility in this penurious context. Finally, microenterprises managed by males have better chances of long-run sustainability than female-operated microbusinesses.


Velocity analysis employs coherency measurement along a hyperbolic or non-hyperbolic trajectory time window to build velocity spectra. Accuracy and resolution are strictly related to the method of coherency measurements. Semblance, the most common coherence measure, has poor resolution velocity which affects one's ability to distinguish and pick distinct peaks. Increase the resolution of the semblance velocity spectra causes the accuracy of estimated velocity for normal moveout correction and stacking is improved. The low resolution of semblance spectra depends on its low sensitivity to velocity changes. In this paper, we present a new weighted semblance method that ensures high-resolution velocity spectra. To increase the resolution of semblance spectra, we introduce two weighting functions based on the first to second singular values ratio of the time window and the position of the seismic wavelet in the time window to the semblance equation. We test the method on both synthetic and real field data to compare the resolution of weighted and conventional semblance methods. Numerical examples with synthetic and real seismic data indicate that the new proposed weighted semblance method provides higher resolution than conventional semblance and can separate the reflectors which are mixed in the semblance spectrum. Accuracy and resolution of velocity spectra are very important in seismic data processing, as they have considerable impact on the quality of the final seismic section. We improve the accuracy and resolution of velocity spectra by introducing two weighting functions to the traditional semblance velocity analysis.


This paper presents a study of the interaction of an optical wavefront with the aerial photographic reconnaissance window. Such interaction distorts the shape of the wavefront to a degree proportion ate to window quality. The optical transfer function of windows is dis cussed, and sample MTF's are, calculated. A simple criterion for window selection is demonstrated. After a brief discussion of oneand two-dimensional variations in optical thickness, the study goes on to correlate interferometric patterns of windows with photographic image quality obtained through them. Effects due to. varying aperture and fo cal length are considered, as are panoramic multiple-window configura tions and effects of stress.


Abstract Background and objectives: The Fractional Ultrapulsed CO2 laser has been successfully used in treating fine wrinkles, acne scars, and photoaged skin. However, the downtime typically lasts a week or more. The purpose of this study was to observe the efficacy of external cell growth factors after Fractional Ultrapulsed CO2 laser therapy. Methods: The back skin of 20 male guinea pigs were divided into four regions after hair removal, then these four regions were irradiated with Fractional Ultrapulsed CO2 laser, respectively. These 80 incised wounds were randomly divided into three therapeutic groups and a control group. The general condition of the wound healing was observed grossly. The determination of physiological functions was done and biopsies were harvested at different time points to compare the change of skin flexibility and fibroblasts number. Results: The wound healing time of therapeutic groups shortened when compared with the control group. The flexibility of skin and the number of fibroblasts were also more than the control group. The effects of combined application of rhEGF and rb-bFGF therapeutic group were most conspicuous. Conclusions: Combined application of rhEGF with rb-bFGF could be more beneficial to the wound after Fractional Ultrapulsed CO2 laser therapy. It could accelerate the wound healing and increase the flexibility of wound skin, so the significance was important to direct clinical application.


In this paper, a mathematical model is introduced to calculate the electric field on insu-lator surfaces witL local arcs occuring under AC source and impulse voltage being superimpo-sed. Using numerical simulation and electric field measurement. the relations between theelectric field distribution and local arc development on contaminated insulator surfaces canbe described. Thus a new method is established to reveal the flashover mechanism of con-taminated insulators from the view point of the field theory.


The present invention provides a device for sharing screens, which includes a sensor for determining contact with at least one other mobile device, a communication unit for communicating with the at least one other mobile device based on information received from the sensor, a display unit including a physical screen for displaying a graphical component, and a controller for tiling and combining the physical screen of the display unit with physical screens of the at least one other mobile device into a logical screen.


The attitude control problem of a satellite using small thrusters was investigated.With a simulation example,the drawbacks of control method using slantwise on-off switching line proposed in the relevant reference were discussed.A necessary and sufficient condition for an ideal limit circle was deduced theoretically in the case that the desired attitude precision and the parameters of thrusters and slantwise on-off switching line were known previously.Analysis on the case that the ideal limit circle cannot be formed was also conducted.Based on these analyses,a new control method called "Modified Limit Circle Control" was proposed as well as its design procedure.This study can provide meaningful reference for some relevant engineering applications.


Color vision is important in honeybees to identify flowers as potential food sources. To enable highly efficient foraging, bees have to learn, memorize and retrieve color information. The color discrimination performance of bees is highly dependent on how stimuli are perceived. Discrimination of perceptually similar colors requires differential conditioning with target and distracter stimuli, but fails when target colors are learnt in isolation with absolute conditioning (Dyer and Chittka, 2004; Giurfa, 2004). An enduring question is where in a bee brain is such information processed and stored. Here we present data on fine color discrimination in free-flying honeybees on a rotating screen apparatus (Dyer et al., 2005). Bees were trained with either absolute or differential conditioning considering two similar 'blue' color stimuli. A control group was confronted with an unpaired presentation of the grey background color and a sucrose solution reward. After 50 conditioning trials, the bees were tested with a non-rewarded touch test which simultaneously presented both colors. Bees trained with differential conditioning performed significantly better in the final test than bees of the alternative groups (absolute, grey). For the neuroanatomical analyses, the bees from the three groups were kept for three days in individual chambers excluding light to avoid new stimulus input, but to enable long-term memory formation. Subsequently, these animals were analyzed for differences in the neuronal network of the mushroom bodies by whole-mount immunostaining to search for variations in the number of synaptic boutons in the olfactory lip region and the visually innervated collar. With this work we aim to provide insights into the neuronal mechanisms behind complex color learning and memory in insects.


[Objective] The aim was to provide the technical support for the studies on DNA molecular marker and germplasm resources of Lycium bararum L.and the identification of genuine medicinal plant.[Method] With dry fruit of L.bararum as the material,its genomic DNA was extracted by routine CTAB method,high-concentration-salt CTAB method,improved CTAB method,5×CTAB method,routine SDS method and improved SDS method etc 12 kinds of method.The extraction effect of different method was compared.[Result]In 12 kinds of extraction method,the extraction effects of 5×CTAB5 method,improved SDS method etc 4 kinds of method were not ideal.The genomic DNA from dry fruit of L.bararum could be efficiently extracted by other 8 kinds of method,and the quality and yield of genomic DNA extracted by 8 kinds of method had no obvious differences.[Conclusion] In 12 kinds of extraction method for DNA,the genomic DNA from dry fruit of L.bararum extracted by 8 kinds of method could meet the requirement of RAPD analysis..


The philosophy of education is a challenge for teachers, because there is not always a favorable situation for the activity becomes philosophizing. The challenges of Philosophy of Education in Basic Education is to analyze whether or not the teaching process using appropriate methods recommended by the Common National Base Curriculum in the design of the learning objectives as a form of social interaction. The results are proposed to provide a basis for teachers who wish to avail of these objectives in class. We understand that the results will be satisfactory to understanding the philosophy.


Nowadays, reinforcement of fiber is necessary for concrete to enhance its quality with mechanical characteristics. The main objective of this work is to determine the mechanical properties of bamboo and glass fiber reinforced concrete. In concrete, E‐glass and bamboo fibers are mixed with three different proportions such as 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25. Cubical‐, beam‐, and cylindrical‐shaped concrete structures are developed for mechanical testing. After the curing period, the cubical structures are utilized for compressive strength testing, the cylindrical specimen for split tensile testing, and the beam‐shaped specimen for flexural strength testing. From the outcomes, 1% fiber substance (glass and bamboo fiber proportions of 75:25) provides better split tensile strength 4.13 N/mm2, compressive strength 42.08 N/mm2, and flexural strength 7.7 N/mm2. The comparative analysis of the proposed concrete composition with the conventional concrete mixture is also carried out. The experimental results are validated using support vector regression, and such predicted outcomes are closer to the experimented values. Furthermore, the ETABS platform is utilized for validating the proposed hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) with single reinforcement‐like glass particles. In which, the testing properties like bending moment, shear force, and axial force are favorable for the HFRC.


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During the year-long debate over health care reform, removing barriers to clinical integration received far less attention than it should have. Melinda Hatton, American Hospital Assoc.


The article presents the current applications of econometric methods in the analysis of gray economy. The work presents a formal framework of methodology for the study of unofficial economy and the possibilities of econometric methods in analyzes aimed at estimating the size of the shadow economy and in-depth studies of its structure and cause-and-effect relationships. In addition to indirect methods, such as the balance of electricity consumption (household electricity approach) of M. Lacko or the analysis of the currency demand method of V. Tanzi – the methodology of structural equation models, assessed as an approach with unused exploratory potential, has been widely discussed.


A method and system, a 3D model of the 3D object is rendered as an image including image sampling point group. The 3D model is a distance field, the distance field includes surface cells representing a surface portion of the 3D object. Set of image sampling point group in the image for each surface cell in object order phase is obtained. Next, each of the surface cell is processed independently of the other surface cells. The processing in the image sequence phase, from said each of said image sampling points of the image sampling point group in the set, by projecting a light beam to pass through the surface cells, the contribution of the surface cells of the said image sampling point the determined and then rendered into the image. .FIELD 1A


Process innovation of high purity hydrochloric acid by three-in-one graphitic synthetic furnace method was introduced.The best process flow was defined.Combing the reality the points for attention and key point of operation were put forward.


Few models exist to predict mortality in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. Our aim was to build a machine learning‐based risk stratification model for predicting mortality in atezolizumab‐treated cancer patients.


We demonstrate entanglement generation between mode pairs of a quantum field in a nonuniformly accelerated cavity in Minkowski space-time. The effect is sensitive to the initial state, the choice of the mode pair and bosonic versus fermionic statistics, and it can be stronger by orders of magnitude than the entanglement degradation between a nonuniformly accelerated cavity and an inertial cavity. Detailed results are obtained for massless scalar and spinor fields in (1+1) dimensions. By the equivalence principle, the results provide a model of entanglement generation by gravitational effects.


Challenges such as hypoxia elicit a powerful response from both the central cardiovascular and respiratory neuronal networks. Recent work indicates that purinergic neurotransmission in the brain stem is an important modulator of central respiratory network responses to hypoxia. This study tests whether alterations in purinergic neurotransmission extend beyond respiratory responses to hypoxia and also mediates respiratory inputs to cardiac vagal neurons. To examine central cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia, we used an in vitro medullary slice that allows simultaneous examination of rhythmic respiratory-related activity and synaptic neurotransmission to cardioinhibitory vagal neurons. Here we show that P2X receptor activation mediates respiratory-related excitatory neurotransmission to parasympathetic cardiac vagal neurons, the dominant control of heart rate. These data demonstrate a critical functional role for adenosine 5′-triphosphate–mediated purinergic signaling in facilitating respiratory-related excitatory neurotransmission to cardiac vagal neurons after hypoxia.


Tunable graphene integrated metamaterial absorber is proposed for energy harvesting and visible light communication. The structure provides unity absorption in the visible spectrum in which it can be used perfect absorber for energy harvesting. In addition, it also provides tunability because of the graphene conductivity to be used as photoconductive or thermal switch for visible light communication.


The active and the passive techniques of surface wave were employed to investigate some major road pavement failures within the Calabar metropolis, Cross River State. The dispersion curves from MASW (active) and ReMi (passive) were inverted to give a 1D shear wave velocity model. The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate the major causes of the incessant road pavement failures especially few months after its construction and repairs within the study area using the shear wave velocity and blow count (N values). These roads are all located within the same geologic setting of the Calabar Coastal Plan Sand and showed evidence of road failures ranging from pot holes, alligator cracking, rutting and shear failure cracking etc. For each site, two sets of data were collected; the Passive and the Active seismic surface wave data. The survey was able to gather the following data from each location; shear wave velocity, primary wave velocity, N-values for both the active and the passive data which were both derived by the Seisimager surface wave software. The software was used to delineate low velocity layers within the depth of 4m – 6m at the failed portions of the survey sites exception of location 1 (the control site) which showed an ideal situation of increasing velocity with depth. These low velocity layers were inferred to be the major cause of the incessant failure of the pavements in the survey areas. These velocities and the N- values (blow count) were used to classify each location into sites C, D and E, according to the 1997 National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).


The article studies self-reported alcohol consumption of European juveniles and examines its link to the level of their self-control, making use of data from International Self-Report Delinquency Study 2 (ISRD-2). The proportion of problematic drinkers and the mean level of self-control as well as the strength of the association differs among European countries. Following Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime, two hypotheses are tested, focusing on different degrees of social tolerance of juvenile drinking and alcohol availability (i.e., opportunity). Findings based on logistic multilevel models for several indicators of problematic alcohol use suggest that social tolerance (reflected in the level of cultural acceptance of juvenile drinking and in the level of policy strictness) can indeed explain the cross-national differences in the strength of self-control–problematic drinking relationship, while the contribution of opportunity is questionable in this respect. Opportunity, however, is highly relevant when explaining cross-cultural differences in the extent of problematic drinking.


It is an opportune time to reflect on the VM/AC activity inasmuch as four years have elapsed since the recreated committee convened. I was privileged to serve this first committee as chairman. My selection indicates in part the confidence CVM places in the AABP.
The committee was very active during the years I served as chairman. I think it acted in a manner which has been helpful to the agency as well as the regulated industries and the American public. The issues considered by the committee were primarily requested from CVM. The following is a recap of some of the issues discussed by the committee along with its recommendations.
The committee was asked to consider the efficacy and labeling requirement for antimicrobial agents used in veterinary medicine.
The committee discussed the extra-label use of drugs in food producing animals and made the following reommendations.
The committee was asked to consider ways to improve the credibility and respect for the prescription veterinary legend.
The committee was asked to critique a revision of the Rx/OTC labeling policies for Rx and OTC drugs. The committee recommended that products be approved only as Rx or OTC with none labeled as both, but if dual labeling was necessary, that CVM provide all label claims in the Rx product label for those products which are approved for both Rx and OTC designation.
The committee was asked to consider the criteria for determining Rx/OTC designation.


Pseudochthonius ramalhosp. nov. is described to Gruna do Vandercir cave, in the Serra do Ramalho karst area, southwestern Bahia, Brazil. This area has an extensive limestone outcrop, with several caves, and the occurrence of potential minerals that are financially attractive for mining projects. The new species shows troglomorphic characteristics such as the depigmentation of the carapace and absence or reduction of eyes. It is a rare troglobitic species, and following the criteria of IUCN, we categorized the species as Critically Endangered – CR, IUCN criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii). According to Brazilian legislation, locations, where critically endangered species live, can be protected by law, and we consider this cave/region to be of maximal relevance for protection.


The Learning with Errors (LWE) Problem has received much attention since its introduction and been widely used in cryptography. However the error sampled from Gaussian distribution affects efficiency of application based on LWE, the LWE variants with errors taken from uniform distribution came into being in 2013, which has an asymptotic complexity analysis.An improved BKW algorithm has been proposed to the LWE problem with binary uniform errors, and a study of the complexity of the algorithm is given in the paper. As a result, new bounds are provided for the concrete hardness of cryptography based on the variant, and parameter choices for quiet a few important algorithm.


Following China in the field of construction projects launched legal system,a bidding system, the contract management system,after the birth of the project supervision system.Supervision in the im- plementation of the last decade,it has achieved outstanding results,but also to be further strengthened and enhanced.This test from years of supervision,and to make questionable counterparts.


With the launch of the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), a new era of detecting planetary debris around white dwarfs (WDs) has begun with the WISE InfraRed Excesses around Degenerates (WIRED) Survey. The WIRED survey will be sensitive to substellar objects and dusty debris around WDs out to distances exceeding 100 pc, well beyond the completeness level of local WDs and covering a large fraction of known WDs detected with the SDSS DR4 WD catalog. In this paper, we report an initial result of the WIRED survey, the detection of the heavily polluted hydrogen WD (spectral type DAZ) GALEX J193156.8+011745 at 3.35 and 4.6 μm. We find that the excess is consistent with either a narrow dusty ring with an inner radius of 29 RWD, outer radius of 40 RWD, and a face-on inclination, or a disk with an inclination of 70°, an inner radius of 23 RWD, and an outer radius of 80 RWD. We also report initial optical spectroscopic monitoring of several metal lines present in the photosphere and find no variability in the line strengths or radial velocities of the lines. We rule out all but planetary mass companions to GALEX1931 out to 0.5 AU.


RATIONALE
In order to obtain reliable analytical results for the separation and determination of arsenic species by high-performance liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC/ICP-MS), the analytical procedure must be fully validated and the measurement uncertainty of the analytical result should be estimated.

METHODS
The total arsenic concentration of the samples was determined by ICP-MS. Separation of the arsenic species, AsB, As(III), DMA, MMA and As(V), was accomplished by liquid chromatography, which was hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, used for detection purposes. Automated handling of these systems was achieved with Chromera software.

RESULTS
The separation capability between the analytical signals of arsenic species, AsB-As(III), As(III)-DMA, DMA-MMA and MMA-As(V), was 1.3, 1.1, 5.1 and 4.6, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) values ranged from 0.070 µg L(-1) for DMA to 0.13 µg L(-1) for MMA. The expanded uncertainty U [%] values for coverage factor k = 2 estimated for AsB, As(III), DMA, MMA and As(V) were 12 %, 13 %, 5.6 %, 9.6 % and 8.6 %, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
This study reports, for the first time, building the uncertainty budgets for five arsenic species and estimation of the expanded uncertainty (for k = 2). The qualitative and quantitative parameters determined in the validation process indicate that the presented analytical procedure can be applied for the determination of AsB, As(III), DMA, MMA and As(V) in water.


Objective To explore the ways and the effect of health education intervention with the herbal steam therapy in Bi syndrome patients.Methods 122 cases who were Bi syndrome patients were randomly divided in to observation group(62 cases)and control group(60 cases).The observation group was given the herbal steam therapy and the health interventions.The control group adopted the conventional instruction only. Results The cure rate and the improved rate of the observation group patient was 91.19%higher than the control group 70%.There was a statrstically significant difference betweer the two groups(P0.05).There were significant differences in the patients action at comply doctor'advice between the two groups(P0.05). Conclusion Bi syndrome patients who were adopted the herbal steam therapy in absorption through the skin rapidly and used effective health education were the effective ways in improving the clinical treatment rate as soon as possible.They can relieve clinical symptoms and pain significantly. Conclusion: The herbal steam therapy with a series of health intervention in Bi syndrome patients is an effective approach to improve the health condition and life of quality.


As the 12th Five-Year Plan of information construction and development to a certain extent,building green data center to upgrade the level of public services has caused all walks of life network planning and management attention.Through the analysis of data center server unified deployment and the allocation of resources,it constructs the virtual service system,optimizing virtual server management strategy to realize green data center resources integration,eliminate information isolated island to share public service platform,but also reduce energy consumption and realize energy saving and emission reduction.


In this study the contribution of the words in the paranthesis to the text, their semantic values and grammatic values will be studied. Theatre scripts are primarily written to be played and put on the stage. Author, transmits the plot to the audiences through the dialogues of heros. The text, which is written in the form of dialogue, gets across with author- reader and author- director- actors- audience. In a drama, personal nouns which show the change of the speaker; time and place words and the words that indicate the emotions and the moves of the people can not be included into the text. These expressions, which can be accepted as diggressions, both provide the reader to envisage the stage and lead the director and the actors in the process of staging. Can the words, conveying semantic value but kept out of the speeches in the context of syntax, be counted as non-textual? Perhaps these words might be thought as a common style of a drama and as a stereotyped form of expression, In this study words types, wordgroups, phrase types and moods which are used as diggressions or non-textual speeches in Turkish will be examined with respect to Haldun Taner's "Kesanli Ali Destani".


The authors demonstrate the excellent transmission characteristics of soliton-like pulses. The nonlinear fibre Sagnac interferometer is a good configuration for demonstrating optical soliton switching as it is insensitive to external perturbations, requires no interferometric adjustment of path length and enables them to use long lengths of optical fibre. They demonstrate for the first time, complete pulse switching for soliton-like pulses. A nonlinear transmission coefficient of 93% was obtained which should be compared with the linear transmission of 2.5%. The results confirm the viability of optical solitons as the natural bits for nonlinear optical processing in an all fibre geometry. >


McLennan W. 1989-90 National Health Survey health status indicatms Australia. Cat. no. 4370.0. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1992. Garthright WE, Archer DL, Kvenberg JE. Estimates of incidence and cost of intestinal infectious diseases in the united states. Public Health Rep 1988; 103: 107-14. Stone DH, Mitchell S, Packham B, Williams J. Prevalence and first-line treatment of diarrhoea1 symptoms in the community. Public Health 1994; 108: 61-8. Australian Sentinel Practice Research Netiuork annual report 1995. Sydney: Research and Health Promotion Unit, Royal Australasian College of General Practitioners, 1996. Bridges-Webb C, Britt H, Miles DA, Neary S, et al. Morbidity and treatment in general practice in Australia 1990-1991. Med JAust 1992; 157: S1-56. General practice in Australia: 1996. Canberra: General Practice Branch, Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services, 1996. Aust 1996; 165: 672-5.


Farm cases, poultry handling, ultrasound and rabbit dentistry were just some of the practical sessions available to students at the Association of Veterinary Students' 'Hands on Vets' congress in Edinburgh last month. Topics discussed included working with wildlife, veterinary politics, the impact of stress and the results of the latest BVA/AVS survey. Georgina Mills reports


This paper reports the results of a pilot study of the routine daily interactions of elementary school teachers. The study was undertaken to identify a method that can be used to study interaction patterns for a large sample of teachers. Specific questions were whether teachers would consistently record and self-report their daily interactions, and what type of instrument should be used to solicit information. Participants were 16 experienced elementary school teachers from 7 districts (9 schools). to A journal, log, checklist, and open-ended interview were developed measure teacher interaction. Effectiveness of these pilot instruments was evaluated using the criteria of number of incidents recorded, detail and quality of information, and comments and recommendations from the teachers. Data suggest that teachers can independently self-report their interactions with sufficient detail to make an analysis of interaction patterns possible. It is suspected that motivation to report interactions may be a factor in a larger sample of teachers. The interview method required considerable teacher and researcher time in spite of the useful information it yielded. The loose structure of the journal made it less efficient in eliciting the information needed. The log and checklist, however, were usable and effective in collecting information and are suggested for further studies of this sort. One figure and two tables present study data. (Contains !"!S references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. U S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION r al Educational Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) document nas been reproduced as received ItOrn the person or org2m/ation oripinating Minor changes nave been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinions stated in th.sdocu msnt do not necessarily represent official OFRi position or policy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TaeokiN TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC).Teacher Interaction Patterns: Can they be Measured?


The Greenland Geodetic Network (GNET) consists of 58 global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) installed on the bedrock around the perimeter of the island. Much of the network was installed between 2007 and 2009, providing a long time series of GNSS data for much of Greenland. The network is currently owned and maintained by the Danish Agency for Data Supply and Efficiency (SDFE), while the National Science Foundation (NSF) provides support for data transport from the deep field. Here, we present a new resource (go-gnet.org) intended to be a clearinghouse to foster international collaborations and to encourage new and innovative use of these data.


One of the highly stable quartz substrates for surface acoustic devices is the LST-cut using the leaky surface acoustic waves. It has been reported that the temperature dependences of the center frequency and the insertion loss are affected by the thickness of the electrode film.

In this paper, with a view to finding the relationship between the optimum cut angle and the thickness of the electrode film, the temperature dependences of the center frequency and the insertion loss have been studied theoretically and experimentally in the case where the cut angle and the thickness of the electrode film are varied. Good agreement has been found between the theoretical and experimental results if the thickness of the electrode film is taken into account.

The relationship between the cut angle and the thickness of the electrode film for the temperature dependences of the center frequency and the insertion loss has been found theoretically and presented in the form of contour plots. It has been demonstrated that devices with superior performance can be obtained by controlling the cut angle and the thickness of the electrode film.


In this article, I examine an underexplored area of Nietzsche's thought, namely his comments regarding several integral aspects of capitalism. In particular, I argue against the interpretation of Nietzsche as a bourgeois ideologue, by showing how his claims about money-making, money itself, work, workers, pleasure, and the marketplace amount to a critical view of capitalism's essential features. In addition, I distinguish his critical standpoint from more familiar critiques of capitalism such as that of Marx, using Nietzsche's own criticisms of socialism to propose that, in contrast, Nietzsche's perspective vis-a-vis capitalism is what I call aristocratic. By "aristocratic" I refer to the attitude or "pathos of distance" Nietzsche possesses in relation to such things as money-making, work, and the marketplace, rather than some literal aristocracy that he supposedly defends. Finally, I offer a brief discussion of how Nietzsche's aristocratic perspective can assist the Marxist critique today by rejecting one of capitalism's strongest ideological supports, that is, the myth of capitalists as great individuals.


This study was examined to find out the effect of recovery from psychological stress when watching the plants indoors. As the instrument of measurement of psychological stress GSR(Galvanic Skin Resistance) was used because it was convenient for reading the psychological sign without medical sense and instrument. To make the condition of stress and recovery, video programs were made and especially the video program of recovery was made up three types - type 1 was watching the plant of botanical garden. type 2 was watching very busy street, type 3 was closing eyes naturally-. Two group persons - the normal, the mental handicapped - participated in this test to compare the effect of recovery of the two. In view of the result of this test, the rate of relief of stress was best effected in watching the video program of the plants. Among the two groups, the recovery of stress was made better effect on the mental handicapped than the normal. The result of this test were to suggest useful advice. It is desirable that the worker who stay inner space for long time have contact with the plants visually to keep healthy mind. It is sure that the plants have a good effect on the mental handicapped as the therapeutic value.


The current study was aimed to evaluate immune response induced by  Burkholdaria cepacia antigens to determine whether these antigens could be a useful immunogen for vaccine development against this bacteria. Four successive doses of OMP and killed antigen extracted from B. cepacia isolated from sputum of patients with lower respiratory tract infections were injected into rabbits using multisite injection protocol. We found that these antigens stimulate specific mucosal and systemic humoral immunoglobulin titers as well as to the significant increased (p≤ 0.05) in the total protein concentrations at serum and mucosal respiratory secretions in addition to the significant increase in the concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM at rabbits sera. INF-γ concentrations were significant increased at serum and mucosal levels with stimulation of migration inhibition index of leukocytes. These immunogen induced positive skin test tuberculin type delayed hypersensitivity. Thus B. cepacia antigens were B and T cells dependent type, and could be a useful immunogen for vaccine development.


9120 Background: Best supportive care in oncology should improve the most important symptoms. Proportions of patients who improve or worsen with usual care for symptoms over a 4-week period is unkn...


This article considers Taha Hussein's modernization project in the 20th~century the aim of which was to help Egyptian society, and thus the whole Arab-Muslim world, evolve and thus come out of a state of stagnation and blindly following to move towards active participation in human civilization. This article considers Hussein's project to be integrated and transversal and to involve his literary and critical work along with his committed socio-political endeavours as expressed through the many functions he occupied and the responsibilities he took on. Four component parts define this project: (1) the modernization of Arab individuals; (2) the revolution with regard to heritage; (3) a new perception of the local culture and the cultures of others; (4) teaching and culture as levers for development and societal modernity.


The latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has provided unequivocal evidence that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean, and land, and demands further reduction of CO2 emissions1). Therefore, innovative new technologies, including separation, storage, and utilization of CO2, are indispensable for achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. Chemical looping (CL) technologies have the potential for reducing CO2 emissions worldwide. The basic concepts of chemical looping combustion (CLC) processes2) were presented in a patent by Lewis and Gilliland in 19543). The term "Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC)" was first proposed by Ishida et al. in a thermodynamic study4). The main features of CL systems are sequential redox reactions and CO2 separation using multi-reactor systems with circulating metal oxide particles acting as oxygen carriers (OCs). The redox cycles form CO2, H2, and N2 separately in each reactor as well as generate high-grade heat. Consequently, CL systems can separate CO2 and reduce CO2 emissions. Therefore, redox reactions involving metal oxides are important for application to CL systems in power generation, hydrogen production, and energy storage5)~7). Various CL systems are shown in Fig. 1. In a typical CL system, the OCs circulate between the fuel reactor (FR) and the air reactor (AR), i.e., the OCs are reduced (Eq. (1)) and reoxidized (Eq. (2)) repeatedly. During these reactions, carbonaceous fuels (CmHn) are converted to CO2 in the FR and generate high-grade heat in the AR to produce electricity using a steam turbine, as shown in Fig. 1(a). A CL hydrogen production system with CO2 separation using three reactors was proposed for partially oxidizing OCs with steam to form H2 (Eq. (3)), as shown in Fig. 1(b). In addition, an advanced CL system involving energy conversion and storage with a reversible solid oxide fuel cell/solid oxide electrolytic cell (SOFC/SOEC) system, the CLtype air battery, has been proposed, as shown in Fig. 1(c). The H2H2O system acts as a redox mediator (Eq. (3))8),9). (2n + m)MO + CnH2m → (2n + m)M + nCO2 + mH2O (1)


Digital Image watermarking is the enabling technology to prove ownership of copyrighted material, to solve the problem of piracy and to detect the originator of illegally made copies. In this paper, to solve the authentication problem an effective, imperceptible and secure blind image watermarking algorithm is proposed which uses Flower Pollination Algorithm to select the blocks in the image in which watermark information is embedded. To keep the algorithm imperceptible only few blocks on the basis of fitness function are selected and watermark is embedded into transform domain using DWT. The performance of algorithm is tested using MATLAB software on various images of size 512 X 512 and watermark image of size 32 X 32. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is highly imperceptible, more secure and highly robust against salt & pepper noise and histogram equalization. General Terms Digital Watermarking, Security, Imperceptibility, Robustness


The invention provides a secondary battery cell and a method of manufacturing the same. In a secondary battery cell including an electrode group that is manufactured by winding a positive electrode having a plurality of positive leads and a negative electrode having a plurality of negative leads, the lengths of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively longer than the length satisfying the rated power generating capacity of the secondary battery cell and are cut not upon a positive lead and not upon negative lead, respectively.