An analysis of dopant diffusion and defects in 3D Fin structure using an atomistic lattice kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) approach are shown. Atomistic KMC simulations are compared with 3D methodology of Atom Probe Tomography (APT). Atomistic dopant distribution in 3D Fin structure is shown. KMC simulation shows that implant temperature has an impact on amorphization and residual defects and dopant-defect complexes are formed at top-of-Fin and edge-of-Fin-side after SPER.


its plenty and wasteful amount in Vietnamese Mekong delta. If the paper fragment can be replaced by the rice straw as fiber material, the modified-sludge will be promising able to recycle by FCSS. In this study, unconfined compression tests were carried out to investigate the strength and strain characteristics of the rice straw fiber-cement-reinforced sludge. The results indicated that the rice straw could be used instead of paper fragment in FCSS with high mechanical performances. Moreover, empirical functions were obtained to predict the optimum values for rice straw content and cement content.


An underactuated three‐link gymnast robot (UTGR) is a simple model of a gymnast on a high bar. The control objective of a UTGR is to swing it up from a point near the straight‐down position and to stabilize it at the straight‐up position. To achieve this, we first divide the motion space into two subspaces, swing‐up area and balancing area, and design a controller for each. The design of a swing‐up control law that ensures that the UTGR enters the balancing area is crucial because the UTGR is subject to a nonholonomic constraint and is highly nonlinear during the swing‐up motion. This study focused on how to design a swing‐up control law that contains no singularities. The key concept is the introduction of a virtual coupling between control torques, which converts the problem of avoiding singularities to one of imposing constraints on the parameters of the control law and properly selecting those parameters. A swing‐up control law thus designed ensures that the UTGR enters the balancing area in a natural stretched‐out posture. This makes it easy to stabilize the UTGR in the balancing area. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


5.12 WenChuan earthquakes has seriously destroyed SiChuan earthquake-hit area.The local libraries also sufferedheavy casualties and serious economic losses.With the starting of reconstruction, the rebuilding of new library is also in progress,location selecting, designing and constructing are all in accordance with the basis of scientific planning and overall consideration.Meanwhile, the function and features of the new library will be highlightened, the safty management will be strengthened, thelevel of pulic service and social management will be improved, and emergency mechanism for unexpected events will be set up.


Predictions of the daily solar wind velocity (V) at 1 AU from the flux tube expansion factor ƒs are examined with radial basis function neural networks. The flux tube expansion factor is calculated from the potential field model, using Wilcox Solar Observatory magnetograms, with the source surface placed at 2.5 solar radii. The time series extend over 20 years from 1976 to 1995 and consist of approximately 3000 daily values of ƒs and V. The correlation between monthly averages of 1/ƒs and V is 0.57, independent of the assumed Sun-Earth solar wind travel time τ. However, for daily averages the correlation drops to 0.38 with τ = 5 days. Even adjusting τ to match the observed velocity does not improve on the overall correlation. A time series of ƒs(t) extending over t − 4 to t is used as input to the neural network. The network is trained to predict the solar wind velocity V(t + 2) 2 days ahead. The overall correlation on a test set, not included in the training, is 0.53, and the root-mean-square error is 85 km/s. Although the increase is significant, the correlation is still low. However, by studying a number of test cases it is seen that high-speed streams originating from coronal holes are well predicted, while transient structures related to coronal mass ejections are not predicted. To go further, a more detailed description of the solar magnetic fields must be included. The potential field model does not describe the currents in the corona, and changes of the photospheric magnetic field from day to day are smoothed out. By examining the relative error of the calculated photospheric magnetic field and the observed field, it is shown that the correlation between 1/ƒs(t) and V(t + 5) increases to 0.47 for errors smaller than 20% and drops to 0.3 for errors larger than 34%.


The project management, knowledge acquisition, and testing traceability of knowledge-based systems are addressed. Conventional software engineering mechanisms are utilized and woven into a process that encompasses the entire development lifecycle. Over the course of several KBS development projects, a process has been created and a suite of tools that assist in its execution has been selected. The projects have ranged from typical interactive-type systems to embedded and flight-worthy code. It was found that knowledge acquisition is key to the KBS lifecycle. A sophisticated tool, gIBIS, was used to combat this problem. This tool provides a visual and expedient methodology for the categorization of data, its representation and relationships, intuitive interface, and high-level prototyping capabilities. Traditional software engineering mechanisms have been coupled to gIBIS to create a flexible environment for the development and management of KBSs.<<ETX>>


The article analyzes the current problems of legal regulation and the application of incentives and penalties for convicts serving sentences of imprisonment. The scientific work contains a historical content analysis of the current systems of measures of incentives and penalties in different periods of the historical development of society and the penal system of the Russian Federation. Based on the conducted empirical research among 20 employees - detachment commanders from 13 regions of Russia, undergoing advanced training the program «Organization of educational work» in the Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penal Service of Russia, the authors of the article prepared a number of recommendations and suggestions for improving the current legislation and its application in this area. The article draws attention to the exclusion of ineffective incentives from the penal legislation of the Russian Federation, in particular, the award of a gift and a cash prize. Proposals were made to expand the list of incentive measures to ensure the differentiation and individualization of the sentence of imprisonment. The authors made proposals to improve the penalties applied to those sentenced to imprisonment: to increase the size of the disciplinary penalty, taking into account inflation, not to include the convicted person in a punishment cell and a single chamber type in the general term of serving a sentence, to add the list of penalties. In addition, the article deals with the problems of recognizing a convict as a malicious violator of the established order of punishment. The results of the study can be used in the educational process in the study of legal disciplines, in the law enforcement practice of employees of the penal system of the Russian Federation, as well as for further research in this area.


The present invention relates to catalytic transfer hydrogenation method. The catalyst used in the process is the metal cyclo pentadienyl complexes coordinated to the second ligand. Preferred metals include rhodium, ruthenium and iridium. Preferred 2 ligand is a diamine, and aminoalcohols, particularly those comprising chiral centers. Hydrogen donor is advantageously a mixture of a secondary alcohol or triethylamine and formic acid. The invention can be used to deliver the hydrogenation of ketones and prochiral imine in particular. Catalyst used in such a method is also provided.


This paper describes some of the difficulties and challenges that arise during the design of tools for validating Z specifications by testing and animation. We address three issues: handling undefined terms, simplification versus enumeration, and the representation of sets, and show how each issue has been handled in the Jaza tool. Finally, we report on a brief experimental comparison of existing Z animators and conclude that while the state of the art is improving, more work is needed to ensure that the tools are robust and respect the Z semantics.


A wave‐number‐based formulation of the surface variational principle is used to investigate the effects of substructures on fluid‐loaded systems. The paper examines issues of scale associated with the spatial distribution and representation of substructure attachments. The primary emphasis is suspended discrete spring‐mass systems. A further extension considers an elastic beam attached at multiple locations. The main structure is a simply supported plate of infinite width contained in an infinite baffle and exposed to water on one side. Scales are introduced to the formulation by using a spectral Fourier series to represent point attachments. Previous work had considered the case where line masses are fastened to the plate. The concept that evolved entailed comparing the displacement and surface pressure obtained from analyses whose only difference is the number of terms in the spectral series used to represent the attached masses. The difference between such analyses is an indicator of the significance o...


Background: Estimating correct gestational age is the first and foremost goal of obstetrician and gynaecologist and cannot be underestimated. Commonly the parameters used are BPD, head circumference (HC), Femur length (FL), Abdominal circumference (AC). Recently transverse cerebellar diameter is a new diagnostic tool to measure the gestational age. Aim: To determine the accuracy of transverse cerebellar diameters in estimating gestational age, taking LMP as the gold standard. Study design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Setting: This study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, JPMC, Karachi, Pakistan Duration: Six months after the approval of synopsis from January 29 2021 to 28 July 2021. Methods: Ultrasonographic measurement of Transverse Cerebellar Diameter(TCD) was taken. Routine measurements of crown-rump length or bi-parietal diameter were also done. Accuracy was considered if the difference between TCD and LMP was ≤2 mm. Correlation of age on LMP with TCD was tested using Kendall's tau-b test and its scatter plot as generated. All the collected data was entered into a proforma attached at the end and used electronically for research purposes. Results: A total of 114 patients were inducted after informed consent. Their mean age was 28.18±27.24 years. Maternal age was 28.18 ±27.24 years, maternal weight was 60.59 ±9.64 kg and BMI was 23.58±3.63 kg/m2.Median (IQR) of gravida was 2.0 (2). Mean of gestational age on LMP was 33.84 ±5.29 and was significantly more as measured by TCD was 31.51±5.05 (p<.001). Age on LPM and TCD showed linear correlation. Accuracy of TCD was documented in 108 (94.7%). Conclusion: It is to be concluded that transverse cerebellar diameter was found to be equally good and relatively comparable with LMP in predicting gestational age. Keywords: Gestational Age; Intrauterine Growth Restriction; Last Menstrual Period; Miscarriage; Stillbirth


Human–computer interactions (HCIs) use computer technology to manage the interfaces between users and computers. Object detection systems that use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been repeatedly improved. Computer vision is also widely applied to multiple specialties. However, self-checkouts operating with a faster region-based convolutional neural network (faster R-CNN) image detection system still feature overlapping and cannot distinguish between the color of objects, so detection is inhibited. This study uses a mask R-CNN with data augmentation (DA) and a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) in lieu of a faster R-CNN to prevent trivial details in images from hindering feature extraction and detection for deep learning (DL). The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm allows more accurate and efficient detection of overlapping and similarly colored objects than a faster R-CNN with ResNet 101, but allows excellent resolution and real-time processing for smart retail stores.


Leaders of nanoscale science and technology advance a systems theoretic model as an alternative to scientific reductionism. Within this essay, I seek to formu- late their concerns in a more philosophical idiom, and thereby provide a basis for a common discourse about the nature, values, and limits of current science. This will be of special importance as we contemplate the radical capacities for human en- hancement made possible by converging technologies. The evolution of a hierarchical architecture for integrating natural and human sciences across many scales, dimensions, and data modalities will be required. Half a millennium ago, Renaissance leaders were masters of several fields simultaneously. Today, however, specialization has splintered the arts and engineering, and no one can master more than a tiny fragment of human creativity. The sciences have reached a watershed at which they must unify if they are to continue to advance rapidly. Convergence of the sciences can initiate a new renaissance, embodying a holistic view of technology based on transformative tools, the mathematics of complex systems, and unified cause- and-effect understanding of the physical world from the nanoscale to the planetary scale. (Roco & Bainbridge 2002, p. x)


The article considers the main ways of cooperation in application of law and legal assistance of implementation rights and legitimate interests. Author substantiates findings about availability of application of law's forms of and legal assistance of implementation rights and legitimate interests legal assistance of implementation rights and legitimate interests as a function and as an ideology of application of law.


Sentences in The Community: Reforms to restore credibility, protect the public and cut crime The Centre for Social Justice, a think tank co-founded by Conservative MP Iain Duncan Smith, has published a report highly critical of community sentencing in England and Wales. Intended to contribute towards the success of the Coalition Government's Transforming Rehabilitation Programme, the report published in May 2014 argues that "sentences served in the community are currently proving ineffective, and are suffering from high reoffending rates and low public confidence" (p. 9). Reasons for the failure are identified as: * Offenders not successfully completing sentences through termination due to non-compliance and/or reoffending; * A lack of basic information on the outcomes of sentences provided to magistrates to inform future sentencing decisions; * Long waiting times before offenders commence community sentences; * Drug Rehabilitation Requirements which do not ensure abstinence. Accepting that the Transforming Rehabilitation Programme will introduce innovation to the delivery of probation services, the paper "seeks to contribute towards the success of these reforms by setting out the current challenges facing sentences in the community and presenting ideas on how to make them more effective in reducing reoffending" (p. 6). Solutions recommended to rectify weaknesses in the community sentencing system include: * guaranteeing sanctions of imprisonment are made swiftly (within 24 hours of breach) and are proportional to the frequency and the manner in which offenders fail to comply with the requirements of community sentences; * implementing a system of court reviews by which magistrates can assess the progress of community sentences; * providing magistrates with information on offenders who breach and/or reoffend; * ensuring the period of time between sentencing and commencing a community sentence does not exceed one month; * introducing randomized drug tests for offenders on Drug Rehabilitation Requirements; * enabling families and mentors to support offender rehabilitation, for example by attending probation meetings. Sentences In The Community: Reforms to restore credibility, protect the public and cut crime can be found at: http://www.centreforsocialiustice.org.uk/UserStorage/pdf/Pdf%20reports/CSJ Communit y Sentencing Report WEB-final.pdf Personalisation in the Criminal Justice System: What is the potential? A very different analysis of the reforms to community sentencing being pursued presently by the Coalition Government is contained in a new policy briefing paper published by the Criminal Justice Alliance. Central to the paper is the question of whether it is possible for the criminal justice sector "to promote individual choice and control, given the need for deprivation of choice implicit in the very concept of punishment" (p. 1). Rather than prioritize increased compliance and the certainty of penal sanction as the Centre for Social Justice does, the paper focuses on improving relationships, active citizenship and opportunities for offenders to make their own choices, for example in respect to education, training and employment opportunities. Drawing on reforms made to the social care sector some twenty to thirty years ago which resulted in the decarceration of disabled and mentally ill people from long stay hospitals into community living arrangements, the authors argue that a new agenda of 'personalisation' can motivate offenders to change and make positive progress towards rehabilitation. As well as community care, the concept of personalisation is grounded in two related criminal justice ideas: first, the 'Good Lives Model' of criminal desistance which affirms the importance of allowing offenders to make certain decisions for themselves; and second, 'Justice Reinvestment', the idea that local community settings, if properly resourced, can provide opportunities for local agencies to work together to support the rehabilitation of the high number of offenders who live in high crime communities. …


The pace of hydropower development in India got slowed down due to various reasons such as financial crisis, land acquisition, environment clearance, resettlement and rehabilitation etc. Government of India took several steps for the accelerated growth of hydropower to achieve the ideal hydro-thermal mix of 40:60 including incentives to encourage private investment and funding through Infrastructure Development Finance Co. (IDFC). Construction of dams with large capacity reservoirs and run-of-the-river schemes are essential for exploiting the vast available hydropower potential in this country.


Objective To investigate the clinical curative effects of duloxetine combined with thioctic acid on diabetic painful peripheral neuropathy. Methods Sixty-two patients with diabetic painful peripheral neuropathy were divided into three groups by random digits table: group A(22 patients, duloxetine combined with thioctic acid group), group B (20 patients,duloxetine group) and group C (20 patients,thioctic acid group). The other treatments were same. All patients were treated for six weeks. The pain remission level and nerve conductive velocity were compared among three groups. Results The pain level in three groups was significantly alleviated after treatment (P < 0.01 ). The general effective rate was 86.4%(19/22),70.0% (14/20) and 50.0% (10/20) in group A,group B and group C,respectively (P < 0.05). Visual analogue scales (VAS) in group A was significantly lower than that in group B and group C from the second week after treatment (P < 0.05 ). Nerve conductive velocity was improved in both group A and group C after treatment (P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). In group B,compared with that before treatment,nerve conductive velocity had no significantly improved after treatment (P> 0.05). Conclusion Duloxetine combined with thioctic acid can enhance the clinical curative effects on diabetic painful peripheral neuropathy.

Key words:
Diabetic neuropathies;  Thioctic acid;  Duloxetine


A multi-phase hybrid type stepping motor, the torque variation of the motor is as small as possible, in order to improve the stability of its torque, and reduced in the resonance vibration when the rotation thereof. Fixed magnetic poles are provided two or more small teeth with the teeth of the rotor section interval; the total number of the small teeth of the asymmetrical stator NS, NS = 5 × (n0 + n1) {where n0 is the five fixed magnetic poles each a small number of teeth, n1 is the remaining five fixed magnetic poles} small teeth, a small number of teeth of the asymmetrical stator n1 small teeth arranged asymmetrically between the stator n0, and the rotation axis as a center, of the n0 small teeth asymmetrical stator disposed opposed to a small number of teeth of the asymmetrical stator side of n1; relationship teeth of the rotor (NR) of the small teeth of the stator and the total number (NS) of NS≥0.8NR {i.e. NS large ratio 0.8NR or equal 0.8NR}, a difference between NR and NS NR-NS = K (S0-S1) +10 (S1-1 + B), {where K is an integer of 2 to 5, S0 and S1 are smallest possible integers or may be equal, B is a fraction, 10B is an integer}, supplied by the power supply to the stator coils 10 to generate the desired N and S poles, having a full step angles = electrical angle 90 ° = αF, αF = step angle 360 ° / 10NR and half step angles = electrical angle 45 ° = αH, αH = 360 ° / 20NR, at work, N poles of the same number of S poles. When the operation by the same number in each step of the magnetization of each magnetic pole so that the N and S poles, all stepping, the adjacent poles have any of the above with at least one S-pole.


The present invention relates to a flexible substrate CIGS solar cell in which a Na supply method is improved. The flexible substrate CIGS solar cell is made of; a substrate of a flexible material; a back side electrode formed on the substrate; a CIGS light absorption layer formed on the back side electrode; a buffer layer formed on the CIGS light absorption layer, and a front side electrode formed on the buffer layer. The back side electrode is a Na added Mo electrode layer which is made of a single layer. The present invention applies the Na added Mo electrode layer which shows low specific resistance of 1/10 than an existing Na added Mo electrode layer and provides a flexible substrate CIGS solar cell of high efficiency which forms a back side electrode into a signal layer. Also, a process which forms a back side electrode is formed of a process which forms the Na added Mo electrode layer of the single layer only. Therefore, a manufacturing process and manufacturing costs of the flexible substrate CIGS solar cell are reduced. Furthermore, the present invention comprises a process of eliminating a Na compound formed on the surface while a Na added metal layer is exposed to air and solves a problem in which a light absorption layer is separated or the conversion efficiency of a solar cell is reduced.


Investment in technology in the field of education has increased radically over the past 2 decades. The main reason for this is the notion that technology will restructure our schools and reform the system of education. Although this trend initially began in developed economies, it can now also be witnessed in various developing countries. Both policymakers and technology companies are supporting this trend, however, a number of researchers have repeatedly made calls for critically assessing the usefulness of integrating these technologies in schools. The primary aim of our study is to explore the perceptions and experiences of private school principals in Pakistan regarding the implementation of digital technologies. In most developed countries, there was an evident push from the governments to integrate technology in schools. However, in the case of Pakistani private schools there is no government intervention for technology integration as the schools are owned and operated by individuals and private trusts. Many of these individual school owners also act as the principal at their schools as well. Based on the aforementioned information, the views of these school principals are invaluable to understand technology integration in Pakistani private schools. The analysis from the interviews, which was the sole technique used to gather data, revealed that the majority of principals viewed technology integration positively. Abundance of information and enhancement of student learning were seen by them as the two key values of technology. The interviewees emphasized that overreliance on technology can have a negative impact. The school heads identified four major barriers to successful technology integration: teachers' readiness; cost of technologies; school culture; and state infrastructure.


The invention provides a positive photosensitivity polyamide acid ester resin composition, a preparation method and application thereof. The resin composition comprises the following components in portion by weight: 10 to 70 portions of the soluble polyamide acid ester resin, 100 to 1,000 portions of an organic solvent, 0.1 to 50 portions of a photosencitizer, 0.1 to 50 portions of a photosensitizer additive, and 0.1 to 50 portions of a built-in adhesion promoter, wherein the soluble polyamide acid ester resin is prepared from aromatic diacid chloride diester containing fluorin, aromatic diamine and mixture thereof, and a molecular weight conditioning agent. The positive photosensitivity polyamide acid ester resin performs a photodegradation reaction after exposure through ultraviolet ray (i ray and g ray), and after an exposure area is dissolved by an aqueous solvent, a pattern with high resolution can be obtained. Furthermore, a polyimide layer membrane formed after being heated and cured has low specific inductive capacity, low water absorbing capacity, excellent thermal stability, mechanical performance and optical performance.


Human sexuality refers to people's sexual interest in and attraction to others, as well as their capacity to have erotic experiences and responses. Sexuality may be experienced and expressed in a variety of ways, including thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviors, practices, roles, and relationships. These may manifest themselves in biological, physical, emotional, social, or spiritual aspects. The biological and physical aspects of sexuality largely concern the human reproductive functions, including the human sexual-response cycle and the basic biological drive that exists in all species. Emotional aspects of sexuality include bonds between individuals that are expressed through profound feelings or physical manifestations of love, trust, and care. Social aspects deal with the effects of human society on one's sexuality, while spirituality concerns an individual's spiritual connection with others through sexuality. Sexuality also impacts, and is impacted by cultural, political, legal, philosophical, moral, ethical, and religious aspects of life.


─ In recent years, the electromagnetic scattering from the coated conductors has been paid more and more attention by many scholars. The parabolic equation (PE) method is firstly utilized to analyze electrically large conductors coated with lossy medium in this paper. The impedance boundary condition is implemented to analyze the lossy medium and the implicit finite difference method of Crank–Nicolson scheme is implemented to solve the parabolic equation. As a result, the computations can be taken in each twodimensional transverse plane. By this means, both the CPU time and memory requirement are reduced greatly. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Index Terms ─ electromagnetic scattering, finite difference scheme, impedance boundary condition, parabolic equation method,


In recent years, new software architectures have been developed in which components can be bound and unbound dynamically as the context demands. This capacity to dynamically adapt the software's structure, behaviour and quality of service should make resilience easier to achieve by allowing systems to respond more flexibly to changing environmental contexts. However, because the decision of how to react to a new context is devolved to a run-time decision-making element that senses the context and selects an appropriate component configuration, a new approach to how software is specified is needed. A self-adaptive system that uses architectural adaptation may be conceptualized as a dynamic SPL. In this paper we argue that the problem of specifying a DSPL can be reduced to a constraint satisfaction problem. We combine goal modeling techniques with constraint programming to provide the analyst with a means to identify the system variants best suited to the various environmental contexts that a system might encounter at runtime. We illustrate our approach using the example of a self-adaptive wireless sensor network.


We demonstrate the first ultra-long haul transmission of Y-00 quantum-noise randomized stream cipher. 40-Gbit/s QPSK signal is encrypted by 216-level phase randomization with a key. Irreducible security based on signal masking by quantum (shot) noise and adequate signal quality after 10, 118-km SMF transmission are achieved.


This study aims to determine how quickly students' ability to respond to the material provided by the teacher and assessed through posttest questions with the category of learning outcomes given relative time according to the lesson hours and learning speed categories with a relatively faster time 30 minutes from the time of study hours. Because the mathematics learning outcomes at Serang 2 Vocational High School in Kota Serang are far from KKM expectations, in order to achieve values that exceed KKM with the help of teachers who play an important role in mathematics learning. The data collection technique is done by using the learning outcomes test, while in the learning speed category it uses time in minutes to complete the learning outcomes test. In this thesis, the validity and reliability of the instrument were carried out, then using the normality and homogeneity test and two-way ANOVA test on the hypothesis test. The results of the study explain that there is an influence of the teacher's role on the speed and learning outcomes of students with two-way ANOVA analysis has a value of 5.538 Fcount greater than Ftable 3.25 which means H0 is rejected


Targeting on current situation of railway cargo transportation,the article described the benefits of railway-enterprise direct transportation,analyzed the existing problems of railway-enterprise direct transportation,and put forward the corresponding improvement recommendations.


THE most usual histological manifestation of Meniere's disease is a large distension of the endolymphatic system probably caused by an increase in the volume of endolymph, and resulting in the distortion of the membranous labyrinth which may rupture and herniate. These membranous structures can be displaced so that they are pressed against the sides of the bony labyrinth. Transmission electron microscopy has shown that cilia are absent or much reduced in the membranous labyrinth and that the cells show considerable cytoplasmic vesiculation and vacuolization (Friedmann et al., 1963). The actual source of the excess of endolymphatic fluid, or perhaps the reason for the failure of the mechanism for removing this excess fluid, have not been determined. We have examined the surface ultrastructure of the membranous labyrinth in the hope of finding ultrastructural clues to these mechanisms.


Abstract : The volume provides a preliminary view on the methods by which foreign intelligence, particularly Soviet, might be integrated into the R+D planning and decision-making process. It examines the need for, and suggests the content of, net assessments of current US and Soviet technology, considers the problem of utilizing foreign intelligence in long-range estimates, and suggests a method of integrating available intelligence into the planning and concept formulation process. Since R+D decisions are not made in an economic/political/ doctrinal vacuum, the paper outlines factors in these areas which should also be considered in order to understand the context of the Soviet decision-making process.


【Objective】Antibacterial effects of 17 Trichoderma spp. strains on banana Fusarium wilt were identified to provide references for controlling banana Fusarium wilt effectively by using Trichoderma spp. 【Method】Three inoculation methods (viz. Inoculation of the pathogen ahead of the Trichoderma spp.; inoculation of the Trichoderma spp. ahead of the pathogen, inoculation of the pathogen and the Trichoderma spp. at the same time) were used to mensurate antibacterial effect of Trichoderma spp. strains on banana Fusarium wilt. 【Result】Under the three different inoculation methods, the Trichoderma spp. strains of 0026Ⅰ, 0024Ⅱ and 0018Ⅱ① had the highest antibacterial effects, with the antibacterial rates of over 90.00%, followed by 0023Ⅰ②、0028Ⅱ② and 0025Ⅱ with the rates of over 80.00%. 【Conclusion】The Trichoderma spp. strains of 0026Ⅰ, 0024Ⅱ, 0018Ⅱ①, 0023Ⅰ②, 0028Ⅱ② and 0025Ⅱ are all applicable in biological control of banana Fusarium wilt.


Survival, growth, yield and quality of cucumber grafted were studied,and the resistances to fusarium wilt and phytophthora blight were evaluated. The results indicated that Lagenaria siceraria, Cucurbita moschata and Benincasa hispida were suitable to be used as tree stocks during cucumber grafting, with more than 98% of survival for cucumber seedlings grafted. When inoculated with Phytophthora drechsliri and Fusarium oxysporum,more cucumber seedlings grafted survived than those without grafting by 20%, and also a higher yield was harvested by more than 100%. Besides, the plants of cucumber grafted grew vigorously, and no effects were found on the quality of fruits.Lagenaria siceraria was the best tree stock for grafting of cucumber.


Fierce competition in the global markets forced companies to improve the design and management of supply chains, because companies are always looking for more profit and higher customer satisfaction. The emergence of the green supply chain is one of the most important developments of the last decade. It provides an opportunity for companies to adjust their supply chains according to environmental goals and sustainability. The integrated production-inventory-routing is a new field that aims to optimize these three decision-making levels. It can be described as follow: a factory produces one or more products, and sells them to several customers (by direct delivery or a specific customer chain). The current study aims to model a production-inventory-routing system using a system dynamics approach to design a green supply chain under uncertain conditions. For this purpose, first, the association between selected variables was determined. Then, the proposed model was validated. Finally, to identify variables with the highest influence, four scenarios were developed. The results indicated that minimum total transportation cost, the total warehouse capacity of the supply chain, and the maximum production rate are the most influential strategies to achieve ideal condition.


Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the entry probability and performance of private labels at an organic food retailer. For a growing sector with unique market structure and category characteristics, it examines how competitive factors affect the attractiveness of a product category for private label entry by an organic food retailer and how the manufacturer brand assortment that the retailer stocks affects private label share.Design/methodology/approach – This study analyses store level cross‐category data from an independent organic retailer and field data on retail competition.Findings – The findings show that organic private label stock‐keeping units are more likely to be present in categories with supermarket competition. They also show that concentration of shares amongst manufacturer brands (as measured by the Herfindahl index) negatively affect the probability that the retailer will enter a category with a private label stock‐keeping unit (SKU) but positively affects the share of th...


Abstract. Thermoplastic composites offer new possibilities for the aerospace industry. Large and thin structural parts can be processed rapidly and more cost-effectively than thermoset composites since the latter need to undergo lengthy curing reactions. An additional advantage is the possibility of being assembled by welding processes. However, joining thermoplastic composites remains challenging due to the lack of knowledge of the impact of process parameters (time, pressure, temperature) on the welded joints. A polymer film named energy director (ED) is usually set up at the interface to enhance the weld resistance. A combined experimental-numerical approach was carried out to estimate the influence of ED thickness on the thermal diffusion within the assemblies and the mechanical resistance of welds in the ultrasonic welding (USW) process. The studied materials are unidirectional carbon fibre-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) and 50 µm and 250 µm polyetherimide (PEI) films as ED. Thermocouples (TCs) are inserted into the PEI layer to measure the temperature evolution during USW. Besides, the thermal profile is obtained based on the simulation of conduction phenomena through the thickness of the material using the finite element method (FEM). The effect of the ED through-thickness model points out the evolution of the temperature profile with time during the USW process for different PEI thicknesses. For both ED thicknesses, the temperature reached is above the PEI glass transition (220 °C) allowing macromolecular interdiffusion. According to our results, only the first ply reaches the melting temperature of PEEK, showing that the composite parts are not thermally affected during USW. Because of the high conductivity of unidirectional CF/PEEK composites, a thinner ED leads to a too-short heating time at the interface. Associated with too high power in a short time, a lower weld resistance of APC-2 parts is obtained by single lap shear for 50 µm PEI layer, 12 MPa, compared to 43 MPa obtained for 250 µm. A higher PEI thickness at the interface slows down the cooling step, resulting in a deeper interdiffusion of PEI and so, a stronger weld.


Background: Diagnosis of breast cancer during pregnancy was formerly considered an indication for abortion. The pendulum has since swung to the other extreme, with most reviews now rejecting termination while endorsing immediate anthracycline-based therapy for any pregnant patient beyond the first trimester. To assess the evidence for this radical change in thinking, a review of relevant studies in the fields of breast cancer chemotherapy, pregnancy, and drug safety was conducted. Discussion: Accumulating evidence for the short-term safety of anthracycline-based chemotherapy during late-trimester pregnancy represents a clear advance over the traditional norm of therapeutic abortion. Nonetheless, the emerging orthodoxy favoring routine chemotherapy during gestation should continue to be questioned on several grounds: (1) the assumed difference in maternal survival accruing from chemotherapy administered earlier – i.e., during pregnancy, rather than after delivery – has not been quantified; (2) the added survival benefit of adjuvant cytotoxic therapy prescribed within the hormone-rich milieu of pregnancy remains presumptive, particularly for ER-positive disease; (3) the maternal survival benefit associated with modified adjuvant regimens (e.g., weekly schedules, omission of taxanes, etc.) has not been proven equivalent to standard (e.g., post-delivery) regimens; and (4) the long-term transplacental and transgenerational hazards of late-trimester chemotherapy are unknown. Summary: Although an incrementally increased risk of cancer-specific mortality is impossible to exclude, mothers who place a high priority on the lifelong well-being of their progeny may be informed that deferring optimal chemotherapy until after delivery is still an option to consider, especially in ER-positive, node-negative and/or last-trimester disease. Background Immediate chemotherapy may be clearly indicated for pregnant breast cancer patients with unresectable primary tumors or metastatic presentations, whereas operable tumors raise a more complex conflict of interest: the mother is threatened directly by cancer recurrence and hence, indirectly, by any treatment compromise made on behalf of the fetus. Decisions made in this context tend to be less drastic for the mother than for the fetus, given that the latter has more life-years to lose, and faces health hazards that are wholly avoidable. This risk imbalance is worsened by the weaker advocacy position of the fetus, who tends not to be considered the primary 'client' in such oncologic scenarios. Published: 30 May 2007 BMC Cancer 2007, 7:92 doi:10.1186/1471-2407-7-92 Received: 28 September 2006 Accepted: 30 May 2007 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/92 © 2007 Epstein; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


The predictive value of coronary artery calcium (CAC) in heart transplant (HTX) patients is not established. We explored if the absence of CAC on computed tomography (CT) could exclude moderate and severe cardiac allograft vasculopathy [CAV2–3; the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) recommended nomenclature] and significant coronary artery stenosis (diameter reduction ≥50%) and predict long‐term clinical outcomes. HTX recipients (n = 133) were prospectively included and underwent CT for CAC scoring and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) 7.8 ± 5.0 years after HTX. CAC was detected in 73 (55%) patients. The absence of CAC on CT had a negative predictive value of 97% for ISHLT CAV2–3 and 88% for significant stenosis on ICA. During 7.5 ± 2.6 years of follow‐up after CAC CT (n = 127), there were 57 (45%) nonfatal major adverse cardiac events and 23 (18%) deaths or graft losses registered as first events. Patients with CAC had significantly more events (P = 0.011). In an adjusted Cox regression analysis, the presence of CAC was significantly associated with a negative outcome (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–3.0; P = 0.023). The absence of CAC predicted low prevalences of ISHLT CAV2–3 and significant coronary artery stenosis in HTX patients. The presence of CACS was significantly associated with a worse long‐term outcome.


Honeywell Engines, Systems & Services has developed the A dvanced C ombustion T ool (ACT) CFD process to rapidly analyze the performance of a combustor configuration from a given fuel injector, CAD geometry and engine cycle information. ACT integrates and streamlines the traditional steps of generating and specifying geometry, mesh, physical models, boundary conditions, initial conditions, convergence criteria and post-processing. Notably, ACT utilizes several key features to reduce cycle time and improve fidelity in the CFD analysis process: a high-pressure spray diagnostic facility to obtain fuel droplet boundary conditions, feature-based macros to parametrically automate geometry and mesh generation, preprocessors to simplify and standardize boundary condition and physical model specification, and post-processors to provide graphical and analytical responses. This integrated process for CFD modeling and optimization is the subject of this paper. A demonstration of this process is the numerical prediction of the TFE731-60 combustor flowfield on a 30 degree sector model compared to experimentally measured results.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


It is often useful to transform an image in some way, producing a new one that is more amenable to further manipulation. Image processing involves the search for methods to accomplish such transformations. Most of the methods examined so far are linear and shift-invariant. Methods with these properties allow us to apply powerful analytic tools. We show in this chapter that linear, shift-invariant systems can be characterized by convolution, an operation introduced in its one-dimensional form when we discussed the probability distribution of the sum of two random variables. We also demonstrate the utility of the concept of spatial frequency and of transformations between the spatial and the frequency domains. Image-processing systems, whether optical or digital, can be characterized either in the spatial domain, by their point-spread function, or in the frequency domain, by their modulation-transfer function. The tools discussed in this chapter will be applied to the analysis of partial differential operators used in edge detection, and to the analysis of optimal filtering methods for the suppression of noise. Most of the methods discussed here are simple extensions to two dimensions of linear systems techniques for one-dimensional signals, but we shall not assume that the reader is familiar with these techniques. We treat the continuous case in this chapter and the discrete case in the next.


— The polyethylene-thermoplastic (PE/TPS) based film was introduced many years ago, but the compatibility of PE/TPS still an issue because synthetic compatibilizer has a safety drawback. In this work, aloe vera (AV) was introduced as a compatibilizer to enhance stress and characteristics of PE/TPS film. This paper determines the optimum PE/TPS/AV film formulation using full factorial design (FFD) analysis. Melt blending and hot-press techniques were used to prepare the film. Four selected PE/TPS/AV samples were chosen to discuss mechanical properties, functional groups, thermal degradation, and thermal properties changes. Based on FFD, PE was the most significant material that caused substantial changes in the film's mechanical properties. Concurrently, the interaction between PE/TPS and TPS/AV significantly influenced the value of the secant modulus. The addition of AV into TPS improved the stress and reduced the strain. New peaks are present in TPS/AV that share the same functional group with PE. Thus, improving the stress of the film. The presence of AV caused peaks 2916 cm -1 and 2849 cm -1 of TPS to strengthen at once; the thermal degradation increases tremendously from 282 °C to 354.70 °C. The melting temperature showed a reduction when TPS/AV was added into PE, but the crystallization temperature did not significantly change. However, significant changes occurred for crystallization enthalpy when TPS/AV was incorporated in PE at once, affecting the degree of crystallinity. In conclusion, AV was suggested to act as a compatibilizer/crosslinker or plasticizer to improve PE film packaging properties.


Abstract : With advances in technology, increasingly important become the operational properties, consumption, cost and shortage of oils, working fluids (subsequently referred to as oils) as well as the role of oil parameters as diagnosis indications for an oil-machinery system as a whole. Hence it follows that the man-hours required for maintenance and improvement of ecological situation near machinery operation sites should be reduced. Especially important is the problem regarding aircraft (AC), which is associated with elevated requirements to their reliability and operational safety. The analysis of the problem has shown that the major way to its solving is the creation and implementation of a methodological and information-analysis base providing the on-condition oil application in place of scheduling oil changes and, as a consequence, the more complete realization of oil quality potential in service. The paper is prepared based on the analysis of the results of multiyear investigations of oil properties in the course of their accumulation for machinery of various types, mainly aeronautical engineering, and their diagnosing. It is the continuation of works presented previously at analogous conferences held in Swansea (England), Buenos Aires (Argentina),Pensacola (USA).


The conventional determinants of FDI location decisions are limited to the characteristics of the host country or the home-host dyad. Borrowing from research in spatial dependence and social network analysis, we argue that the decision of home country firms to invest in a host country depends also on the ability of the host country to serve as a stepping-stone to invest in third countries. Consequently, on average the indirect route connecting a home with a host country via an intermediate country will be more effective than the direct one. By examining the action of surviving firms' international investments, we are able to capture the home-host country relatedness for international investments and, building on it, the host-country connectedness, and examine their relationship. Our empirical tests provide evidence for the positive effect of host-country connectedness on home-host country relatedness and also support our prediction that the indirect route might be more effective. Finally we propose a way ...


Contract cheating (or ghost writing) is a growing problem in higher education that can only be handled with academic wisdom/experience. Signs such as using quotes from abstracts, verbosity, and perfection with technical word usage are good indicators of this offense. This is because the ghost writers are usually professionals with higher standards literacy than the students. However, as a result of internationalisation many students with Western post-graduate qualifications are returning to their native countries, where employability is restricted. Having studied the internationalised curricula and established global links via social media, some of these students have started new ghost writing services. These services are easily accessible, economical, and above all, provide realistic essays that resemble a genuine original student essay; with expected verbatim as well as common student mistakes. This interview based study confidentially investigated the attitudes and the justifications of these "ghost-writers" from a developing country. This study has highlighted several high calibre post-graduates who have understood the Western ways of scientific writing, who have produced a network of "consultancies" with the ability to share field specific "contracts" amongst them. Since they advertise by social networking sites, this trade cannot be easily detected. Most interestingly, there are country specific consultancies with graduates from universities of that country. Since they themselves are past students, making contacts is easy for them. This paper will further discuss the wider issues arising from these interviews and discuss the possible ways to tackle this new threat to academia.


Aim: This study involves the effect of different household processing on nutritional and anti-nutritional factors in moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) seeds and with their product development. Methods: This study involves the effect of different homemade processing of moth and Sorghum on proximate composition and anti-nutritional factors and further development of certain products using processed moth and Sorghum flours. Results: During the process of soaking, the moisture content, and vitamin C contents were found to be increased; with a significant decrease in ash content, fat content, crude fiber content, protein content in both samples (except iron content). In moth bean, 72 h germination process resulted in a decrease in moisture content, fat content, crude fiber content, with an increase in ash content, protein content, iron content, and vitamin C contents whereas in Sorgum all the contents were decreased except moisture content, and vitamin C contents. Ash content, protein content, iron content and vitamin C content with a significant decrease in moisture content, fat content, and fiber content. After processing, the anti-nutritional factors were also decreased in both samples. The modified recipes with the processed moth bean, Sorghum, and blended flours were developed as thalpeeth and papri-chat and acceptability studies of products were carried out and compared with standard. It was found that all samples were acceptable to panel members making then quality for the potential usage as delivery vehicles for use gluten allergy, scurvy, and malnourished children. Conclusion: We can conclude that moth bean and Sorghum to our diet will help to improve the nutritional profile at low cost.


To emphasize that models for recognition are described with domain know・ledge and that objects of different structures or feature measurements can then be identified if they have the same name in natural Ianguage, this paper use object unde7standing to distinguish from the usual object recognition. To avoid the bottleneck of obtaining a complete description to the objects of the same name, ease-based reasoning (CBR) is employed where several known instances (called cases) of the named object are considered as domain knowledge and a building-bloek method is used 'for reasoning. The cases and unknown objects are representecl by fuzzy attributed graphs<FAG's). Using an algorithm proposed in this paper for calculating similarity between two FAG's, an object can be recognized <understood) basecl on the cases through recognizing its functional parts. To identify the functional parts of an unknown object, genetic algorithmsCGA) are adopted for searching the best matched structures in cases. Algorithms are verified by some examples of line drawings of chair and non-chair.


In this study, complex shapes are defined as the sculptured surfaces created by the blending of curves, to form surface patches. Past investigations show that non-uniform rational B-Splines (NURBS) curves are the most appropriate for the modeling of sculptured surfaces. The main objective of this research is to examine the effects of toolpath and feed rate variations on the machining of the Coons surface, which is modeled through NURBS. Based on simulation results, it is clear that toolpath and feed rate selection plays a significant role in sculptured surface machining. In particular, the toolpath selection seemed to have a greater effect on the surface finish and machining time than the feed rate. The results also show that the feed rate option has a much greater effect on roughing than finishing operations. It can also be seen in this research that the toolpath option played a more significant role than feed rate selection in determining the file size.


— Temperature dependence of force of gravitation is one of the fundamental problems of physics. This problem has got special value in connection with that the general theory of relativity, supposing the weakest positive influence of a body temperature on its weight, actually rejects an opportunity of measurement of negative influence of temperature on gravity in laboratory conditions. Really, the recognition of negative temperature dependence of gravitation, for example, means basic impossibility of achievement of a singularity («a black hole») at a gravitational collapse. Laboratory experiments with exact weighing the heated up metal samples, indicating negative influence temperatures of bodies on their physical weight are described. Influence of mistakes of measurements is analyzed. Calculations of distribution of temperature in volume of the bar, agreed with experimental data of time dependence of weight of samples are executed. The physical substantiation of negative temperature dependence of weight of the bodies, based on correlation of acceleration at thermal movement of micro-particles of a body and its absolute temperature, are given.


Since the time when Matteo spread western culture into China and Chinese culture into the West,there existed cultural intercommunications and two parallel but non-conflicting cultural exchanges,i.e.,western cultural to the Oriental and eastern culture to the West.Fewer studies have done to the latter exchange.The paper dwells on the philosophical ideas in the spreading of eastern culture to the West.It,taking Leibniz for example,re-presents the process and the impact of the spreading of Confucianism to the West in the 17th and 18th centuries.Finally,it rethinks and comments on its cultural,historical and practical significances.


Food allergies have become a global epidemic, affecting over 10% of the general population and 8% of children worldwide. Eliminating or limiting a food group from the diet can have adverse effects on micronutrient consumption. Milk allergies, for instance, can influence the amount of calcium consumed in the diet, particularly when limiting or excluding milk/milk-containing products from the diet. As milk products tend to be a primary source of dietary calcium, a milk allergy can serve as a barrier to meeting daily calcium needs. Previous literature has analyzed the influence parents and caregivers have on their children's diet, however, there is a gap in literature that analyzes the impact a child's diet may have on members of their household. Moreover, there are no studies to the researchers' knowledge that investigate the dietary impact that a child's milk allergy may have on their parent or caregiver. To investigate the correlation between a child's milk allergy and their parent's or caregiver's calcium consumption, this study surveyed parents and caregivers of a child with a milk allergy, intolerance, or suspected milk allergy (experimental group) and parents and caregivers of a child without a milk allergy (control group). A comparative analysis of mean calcium intake among the two groups was conducted using the validated Calcium Assessment Tool (CAT) to determine if a child's allergy influences their parent's or caregiver's diet. The results demonstrated that the experimental group (272 mg/day) consumes a significantly lower quantity of calcium than the control group (520 mg/day; p =0.002). Notably, both groups consume inadequate calcium relative to the recommended dietary allowance of calcium of 1,000 mg/day. Factors such as demographics, elimination and specialty diets, as well as satisfaction of healthcare provider care were also evaluated. Future research could investigate the impact a child's milk allergy may have on their parent's intake of additional micronutrients, as well as the impact other food allergies have on their parent's micronutrient intake. Abstract The prevalence of food allergies have doubled every 10 years among both children and adults. Food allergies can lead to negative implications on the nutritional status of those who suffer from allergies. While research has been conducted that evaluates the nutritional impact food allergies may have on children diagnosed with food allergies, there is a marked gap in literature that investigates the impact that a child's allergy may have on their parent or caregiver. This research study evaluates the impact a child's milk allergy may have on the dietary calcium intake among their parents and caregivers by comparing mean calcium intake between parents and caregivers of milk-allergic children, and parents and caregivers of children without a milk allergy. A comparative analysis of calcium consumption among the two groups was conducted using the validated Calcium Assessment Tool (CAT) to determine if a child's allergy influences their parent's or caregiver's diet. The results demonstrate that the experimental group consumes a significantly lower quantity of calcium than the control group (272 mg/day vs. 520 mg/day, p =0.002). Notably, both groups consume inadequate calcium relative to the recommended dietary allowance of calcium of 1,000 mg/day. Future research could investigate the impact a child's milk allergy may have on their parent's intake of additional micronutrients, as well as the impact other food allergies have on their parent's micronutrient intake. Abstract Parents and caregivers of children with food allergies are at a greater risk of developing adverse psychological and psychosocial impacts, such as increased anxiety, stress, and worry. These concerns can impact a parent's or caregiver's overall quality of life, such as comfortability in dining at restaurants, as well as attending social events or other gatherings. This study investigates whether quality of life variables influence dietary calcium intake among parents and caregivers of a child with a milk allergy. The results of this study demonstrated a lack of significance across all variables investigated when comparing mean calcium intake among participants who agreed or did not agree with the factors evaluated. Further analysis showed that nearly half of participants (48.8%) reported not feeling comfortable dining outside of the home with their milk-allergic child and 39.0% are not comfortable attending social events with their child. This study addresses a significant gap in literature on the dietary impact a child's food allergy has on their parent or caregiver's diet.


Damin and colleagues in this issue of DMRR Assessing quality of diabetes care and its variation in Aboriginal community health centres in Australia reviewed the quality of diabetes care and its variation among Aboriginal community health centres. They assessed partitioning of variation attributable to health centre and individual patient characteristics. The results demonstrated wide variation across different categories of diabetes care measures and across centres. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective
To study the impact of setup error caused by computed tomography (CT) images with different resolutions in the Sentinel system on clinical treatment.

Methods
A phantom was scanned by large-aperture positioning CT with two different resolutions (CT1: 0.5 mm×0.5 mm×1.0 mm, FOV 256 mm, Matrix 512, thickness 1 mm; CT3: 1.0 mm×1.0 mm×3.0 mm, FOV 500 mm, Matrix 512, thickness 3 mm). The CT images were transferred to the planning system. The radiation fields were designed and transferred to MOSAIQ and Sentinel systems. Ten fixed setup errors were applied to a six degree of freedom couch. The Sentinel system was used to position the two groups of CT images and generate the setup errors. The comparison of two datasets was made by paired t-test. Cone-beam CT was used for independent verification.

Results
The setup errors in x-, y-, and z-directions were significantly smaller on CT1 than on CT3(0.19±0.11 vs. 0.33±0.16 mm, P=0.061; 0.59±0.79 vs. 1.07±1.09 mm, P=0.008; 0.67±0.75 vs. 1.16±1.30 mm, P=0.043). There were no significant differences in rotational errors in x-, y-, or z-directions between the two datasets (P=0.494; P=0.182; P=0.298).

Conclusions
The Sentinel system has a higher setup accuracy in the 0.5 mm×0.5 mm×1.0 mm mode than in the 1.0 mm×1.0 mm×3.0 mm mode. However, the later mode is still an acceptable choice in clinical treatment.

Key words:
CT resolution; Setup errors; Sentinel system; Radiotherapy


how historians choose to define them, cannot always be counted upon to demonstrate moral righteousness. But to make a claim for the legitimacy or appropriateness of the Vichy Labor Charter based on the fact that mem bers of the anticapitalist hairdresser's union supported it neglects the fact that other "workers" equally unhappy with the capitalist system, such as the railway workers, actively resisted the regime. Zdatny might have done hairdressers and workers more justice by investigating the aesthetics of fascist hairstyles rather than he did by drawing the conclusion that "work ers" could find some aspects of Vichy Labor law redeeming. If historians begin to break down the category "working class," they are sure to find, especially in the context of World War Two, that what was "good" for some workers was not necessarily good for all.


Campaign professionals claim that campaigns have significant effects on vote choice; however, the academic literature is unable to corroborate their claims: it most often shows that the effects of campaigns are minimal, if at all present. I argue that this mismatch can potentially be mitigated if the indirect effect of campaigns, manifested through emotions, is taken into consideration. While previous research shows that campaigns induce emotions, this paper examines the effects distinct emotions have in the vote choice function. Using data collected before the 2012 British General Elections, the analyses show that, consistent with the expectations, emotions affect vote choice indirectly by altering the relative importance of the habitual (partisanship) versus reasoned (issue and leaders) components of the vote choice function. Consequently, I conclude that it is entirely possible that campaigns affect vote choice indirectly, by influencing whether the decision mechanism a voter relies on is dominated by habit or it is a reasoned evaluation of the political context.


This massive study expands upon a number of Collins' previous publications. Notably, it adds to the argument of Nirvana, Time and Narrative (1992) which in part resulted from a number of public lectures at universities, including Concordia University. In its broadest terms, the book is a history of the Pali imaginaire, the mental universe of monastic-authored Pali Buddhist texts, demonstrating the coherence of the Pali worldview as a cultural system, yet abstracted from any discrete time or place (in pre-modern Southern Asia). Collins counters two old presuppositions in the study of Buddhism: he argues against the doctrinal centrality of Nir-


Plant macrofossils from the upper middle Miocene Konan Tuffaceous Sandstone and Mudstone Member of the Bifuka Formation, known as the Konan flora, northwest of Shibetsu City, Hokkaido, Japan, were taxonomically revised. A total of 31 taxa were recognized, which were assigned to 14 families and 19 genera, including a new fossil species, Salix palaeofutura sp. nov. The Konan flora includes three taxa of evergreen conifers, one perennial monocot herb and 27 deciduous dicots. The most abundant and common species were Fagus palaeojaponica, Acer subcarpinifolium, Acer protojaponicum, Picea sp. A and Cercidiphyllum crenatum, in addition to a number of species of the Betulaceae and Salicaceae. From the absence of evergreen angiosperms as well as the common occurrence of Fagus palaeojaponica, Picea, Acer and Betulaceae species, this flora was comparable to that seen in the modern Mixed Northern Hardwood Forest of East Asia, which is distributed in northernmost Honshu and extends toward lowland Hokkaido. On the basis of floral features, mode of occurrence, and the lithology of plant-bearing beds, the Konan flora was deemed to represent mountain to riverside vegetation with humid and cool temperate climatic conditions. In contrast to the early to late Miocene floras in Japan, the Konan flora belongs to the late Miocene–Pliocene Mitoku-type flora, with a few relict species from the early Miocene. The Konan flora represents one of the earliest occurrences of this type of flora, suggesting that floral modernization was initiated much earlier in areas with humid and cool temperate climate than previously thought.


This paper presents control system design for multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) motion platform referred here to as spherical motion platform (SMP) based on compliant spherical wheels. The SMP is capable of providing smooth unlimited rotational motions along all axes and three DOFs translational motions. The various motion platforms have been explored and applied to industry for virtual reality. However, existing motion platforms have limited motion range and motion coupling. In this paper, the full-scaled SMP is developed as practical applications for virtual reality. In addition, the compliant mechanism of spherical wheels helps the SWMP controlled without slipping between a cockpit sphere and the spherical wheels. In addition, for orientation measurement, sensor fusion of both an optical sensor and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is utilized to control the cockpit rotation without mechanical contact and compensates accumulated error of the IMU. A sliding mode controller with active driving control is designed to deal with disturbances including uncertain dynamic model and coupling effect, respectively. Finally, the experimental results show the sensing and control operation are successfully implemented using the real scale SMP and can be applied to virtual reality simulation as motion simulator.


Electromagnetic levitation has developed from a pure physical phenomenon into a practical containerless processing technique in the fields of both applied physics and materials science. In order to obtain a better understanding of this processing technique, two typical levitation coils were designed and the physical characteristics in levitation droplets suspended in these two coils, such as electromangetic field, levitation force field, total levitation force, and power absorption, were analyzed numerically and calculated in this paper. It was found that the eddy current density, together with the magnetic flux density and levitation force density, increases rapidly with radius as it approaches sample surface. The maximum levitation force produced by coil A is larger than that of coil B, whereas the levitated sample can obtain less power absorption at the equilibrium position in the former coil than that in the latter one. Moreover, the calculated results also demonstrated that the levitation ability decreases as the atomic number increases. The larger the material's electrical resistivity, the easier the samples can obtain more power absorption. PACC: 4110F; 1220; 6470D; 0260


A new scheme of driving super-long LED panel with the array mode of LED cell board is proposed based on the study and analysis to all kinds of LED screen control system and the cell board.Relevant experiments and tests show that control system with this new method could maximize the speed of bidirectional data output to super-long LED panel.And the controllable horizontal length of LED large-screen could be doubled.


The use of highly directional antennas in millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular networks necessitates precise beam alignment between a base station (BS) and a user equipment (UE), which requires beam sweeping over a large number of directions and causes high initial access (IA) delay. Intuitively, such delay can be lowered by using wider beams, as fewer directions need to be swept. However, this results in a weak received signal and higher misdetection probability, which in turn increases the IA delay as more rounds of beam sweeping would be required to discover a UE. In this paper, we propose a multi-armed bandit approach for beamwidth optimization in 5G New Radio (NR) mmWave cellular networks. We aim to find the optimal beamwidths at the BS and the UE that minimize the beam sweeping delay for a successful IA. We first formulate the beamwidth optimization problem based on analyzing the interplay among beamwidth, beam sweeping overhead, and misdetection probability. Then, we propose a two-stage solution framework based on a multi-armed bandit approach. In the first stage, an initial solution of the BS beamwidth and the optimal solution of UE beamwidth are derived. In the second stage, each BS learns its optimal beamwidth by solving a multi-armed bandit problem with a Thompson sampling-based algorithm. Our extensive simulation results show that, the proposed algorithms can decrease the IA delay by more than 50% compared to the traditional fixed-beamwidth schemes.


An important topic in the neurobiology of the affective disorders relates to changes in the metabolism of neurotransmitters. Since the early 1960s, the 'serotonergic' hypothesis (Coppen et al, 1972) has been supported by findings such as a low concentration of 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) of patients with melancholic depression and/or suicidal behaviour (Banki & Arato, 1983; Åsberg et al, 1984; Banki et al, 1984; López-Ibor, Jr et al, 1985; Korpi et al, 1986) as well as the efficacy of serotonin precursors, when combined with MAOIs, in the treatment of depressed patients (Coppen et al, 1963; Glassman & Platman, 1969; Ayuso et al, 1971; López-Ibor, Jr et al, 1976).


We develop a matrix method to compute the configurational partition functions of chain molecules that have intramolecular double strands, including RNA and DNA and antiparallel β‐sheet regions in proteins. An accurate theory has not been available for these types of molecules due to the nature of their self‐contacts: (i) biomolecules have many self‐contacts, and (ii) contacts are sequence‐specific. The present theory, which we call the firehose model, can treat such conformations, including specific loops, bulges, and stems. The method is based on the use of polymer graphs. Tests against exact enumeration results on the two‐dimensional (2D) square lattice show that conformational entropies are predicted quite accurately. As an example, we compute the denaturation profile of a 2D chain designed to resemble an RNA structure.


Objective To search a kind of ideal seeded cell of bone tissue engineering. Methods Bone marrow tissue was fetched from rabbit,got bone marrow stromal cells by the method of density centrifuge,observed the conformation,growing feature and osteogeneric capability of the cells during culture in vitro by light microscope,transmission electron microscope and measure of osteogeneric capability. Results Most of the cultivated bone marrow stromal cells were triangle-like or shuttle-like cells. They growed and breeded rapidly,and had osteogeneric capability. They were easy to differentiate to osteoblasts. Conclusion The cultivated bone marrow stromal cells are matured ones,and could become the more ideal seeded cells for bone tissue engineering.


The present study was intended to examine the effect of discrimination on the development of job stress and depression, and the mediating role of job stress between workplace discrimination and depression among nurses in hospitals in Iran. The sample comprised 166 nurses holding a bachelor's degree or higher and working in hospitals located in the districts of 5 and 17 of Tehran, the capital city of Iran, which are usually inhabited by economically middle- and low-income people respectively. A random sampling technique was employed based on a cross-sectional design. This study revealed that workplace discrimination was positively correlated with job stress (β = .178, p = .000) and depression (β = .142, p = .002). Job stress was positively correlated with depression (β = .253 and p = .000). The study analysis revealed that job stress partially mediated the relationship between workplace discrimination and depression among nursing professionals. The study suggests that workplace discrimination can be considered a predictor of negative health outcomes and nurses may be vulnerable to job stress, resulting in depression.


Democracy requires places where citizens can gather together to discuss the issues of the day and work on solving problems. In the past, architects recognized this and built public squares where citizens could assemble. In recent years, though, public space and civic interaction have declined radically. The suburban emphasis on the automobile and the shopping mall created a landscape with a minimum of public spaces. Some architects and developers, however, have caught on to the fact that a one-dimensional landscape dedicated to shopping alone will never satisfy the many wants and needs humans have. If we are truly concerned with the state of American democracy, we should build a landscape that symbolizes our respect for the public realm and encourages the intermingling of citizens.


abstract:Does preventive repression dampen or does it bolster mass support for groups that dissent despite obstruction? Although a large literature recognizes the importance of preventive repression for authoritarian stability, we know very little about its effects on public opinion. To gain traction on this question, this article draws on evidence from unusually detailed data on unauthorized and authorized protests from Russia and an original survey experiment. The author shows that when authorities engage in preventive repression, such as when they deny protest authorizations, protesters' ability to generate support is compromised. Preventive repression also conditions the effect of nonviolent demonstrator tactics on public opinion. These effects, however, are contingent on citizens' attitudes about the law and the authorities. This article's findings—which provide one of the first causal tests of the mass opinion effects of preventive repression—expand our understanding of the consequences and audiences of repression and have implications for studies of authoritarian resilience.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the aspiring administrators' perceptions of their preparation as technology leaders in an educational leadership master's program of a large suburban university. An instrument based on the requirements of the National Educational Technology Standards for Administrators (NETS-A) was developed to survey 58 program candidates who were in their last semester of the program. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the agreeable extent of the responses. Univariate Analysis of Variance was used to determine if significant differences existed in perceptions among the classifications of the demographic variables. Results of the study showed that the aspiring principals' rating of their technology preparation was slightly above average. All the subscales were rated above average except for Subscale 4 (Support, maintenance, operations, and finance) and Subscale 5 (Assessment and evaluation). Candidates' perceptions of their program preparation were divided. Program realignment with NET-A Standards is recommended.


Diuretic activity test of ethanol extract of beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica Less.) Has been carried out on male white rats of the Wistar strain. Beluntas leaves contain flavonoids which are potential as one of the diuretic agents. The total flavonoid content contained in beluntas leaves was 55,72 mg/g extract. This study used male white wistar rats divided into 5 groups, consisting of the normal control group (Sodium CMC 1% 2 mL/200 gBW), positive control group (furosemide 20 mg/kgBW), and 3 dose groups treated with leaf ethanol extract beluntas namely 150, 300 and 600 20 mg/kgBW. The test animals not given initial treatment were only acclimatized for one week. The urine volume of the test animal was measured after treatment every one hour for 6 hours. Diuretic activity tests are carried out in a cage of metabolites that can accommodate mouse urine. The urine volume of mice is measured and analyzed qualitatively on sodium, potassium, and chloride ions. Furosemide as a positive control resulted in the highest urine volume of 5,48 mL. Ethanol extract of beluntas leaves at a dose of 600 mg / kgBW produced a total urine volume of 4.16 mL and had the highest diuretic activity compared to other extract doses of 60%. The ED50 value was 491.2076 mg / kgBB which had diuretic activity in the treatment dose of 600 mg / kgBW with a significance value (P> 0.005).The furosemide and ethanol extract of beluntas leaves showed positive results in the urine of the mice contained sodium, potassium, and chloride ions.


Nowadays, investigations of some specific secondary metabolites estimated near 10,000 various compounds of phenolic nature in different plant species. The interest in natural compounds is not only due to their antioxidant potential, but also to their economic impact, as most of them may be extracted from underexploited plant species. The presented research work presents an extended analysis of the most important phenolic acids of the selected known and underexploited plant species from the families Asteraceae and Rosaceae with the development of phylogenic tree analysis according to the nonparametric rate smoothing (NPRS) methods. HPLC-UV analysis revealed the original spectrum of phenolic acids in selected known and underexploited plant species of the families Rosaceae and Asteraceae. The analysis of phenolic acid's contribution from their total amount in the methanolic extract in Asteraceae found the high percentage of syringic acid in leaves varied between 64.13% and 95.13%. The detected high contribution of syringic acid among estimated phenolic acids in Asteraceae leaves suggests its possible prevalence in the representatives of the family Asteraceae. The content of draconic acid in the leaves of most representatives of the family Rosaceae which represented more than 30% of total phenolic acid content. The high presence of such phenolic acids may relate to the antioxidant activity of the studied herbal extracts.


The Eighth World Congress of Archivists will meet in Washington, from September 29 through October 3, 1976. Concurrently with the congress, the Microfilm Committee of the International Council on Archives will be holding its seventh meeting. At the first meeting of the General Assembly of World Archivists, in Paris in 1950, Lester Born, the first general secretary of the International Council on Archives, presented a paper in which he urged archivists to extend their use of microphotography. He pointed to a wide spectrum of uses: microfilm could promote the exchange of documents between archives, it could facilitate scholarly access, and it could enable archives to supplement their own holdings. Born's paper prompted a lively discussion. Although some of the discussants pointed to specific examples in which microfilm had assisted archivists, a few, especially those from France, questioned the permanence of microfilm and the many technical problems which they said made the use of microfilm by archives difficult.1 Although uses of microfilm by archives were reported in Archivum2 and discussed at a number of world congresses, many of the older archival administrations looked upon microfilm as a threat to their exclusive control over the records in their custody. It was not until May 1966, when the Extraordinary Congress of the International Council on Archives met in Washington, that a more mature evaluation of the role that microfilm could play in archives, as well as the beginnings of a consensus, were reached. That Congress had as its theme "Archives for ScholarshipEncouraging Greater Ease of Access." The discussions at Washington led to a number of unprecedented and unanimous recommendations. Some called for a liberalization of restrictions, others called for the strengthening of microfilming programs by extending them whenever possible to entire series of records, and another called for the formation of a committee to investigate the most economical and rapid methods for the publication of archival sources and to study the use of microfilm as a mean of publication.3 In the fall of 1966, at the Munich meeting of the ICA Executive Committee, Ernst Posner, the U.S. representative, was successful in seeing that a Liberalization Committee and a Microfilming Committee were established. The work of these two com-


The collision integral occurring in the rate coefficient describing the energy change of ion pairs moving in a gas is made available by determining accurate curve fits throughout the region of most physical interest.


A numerical analysis of the effect of heat conduction of different building materials on conjugate heat and mass transfer in a square cavity is presented. The air fluid inside the cavity is contaminated with Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ). The governing equations of mass, momentum, energy and concentration with a turbulent k-e model were solved by the finite-volume technique. From the thermal point of view, case A (adobe block) was the optimal configuration in order to reach comfortable conditions. In general, the case B (red brick) was the best choice for air quality purposes with a difference of 200 ppm with respect to other building materials for all Rayleigh numbers under study.


Cesarean section is the most frequently performed surgery in al the public sector hospitals, as well as in private hospitals in Mexico. Objective: To determine the association between the medical indications of the cesarean surgery in patients aged from 1 0-19 years to 35 years in the "Hospital de Especialidades del Nino y la Mujer" for the period from January to December 2013. Material and methods: Cross-sectional retrospective, comparative study at the "Hospital de Especialidades del Nino y la Mujer", in Queretaro, where all the teenage patients from 1 O to 19 years of age and women aged from 20 to 35 years on whom cesarean section was practiced at the hospital, were studied. Age, medical! Indications prior to surgery and previous pregnancy periods were analyzed. Results: 120 patients from the cases (teenagers) files and 120 from the control group (from 19 to 35 years of age) were recorded. 10 medical indications of cesarean section, as well as an association to the iterative indication with the control group were found. Conclusions: Treatment protocols must be elaborated by the staff of each hospital having as keeping in mind that the most important task is the labor. lt is also important to ask for a second opinion when facing a programmed cesarean section in order to reduce the frequency of the cesarean section surgery.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of a population of geriatric horses.

DESIGN
Retrospective study.

ANIMALS
467 horses that were > or = 20 years of age.

PROCEDURE
Medical records of 539 geriatric horses that were evaluated at a university large animal hospital between 1989 and 1999 were reviewed. Data collected included signalment, reason for evaluation, specific diagnoses, surgical procedures, inpatient or outpatient care, duration of hospitalization, and outcome.

RESULTS
467 horses met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Horses that were > or = 20 years of age comprised 2.2 and 12.5% of horses evaluated during 1989 and 1999, respectively. Pony breeds were significantly overrepresented in the > or = 30-years-of-age group. Gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal, and respiratory tract problems were most frequently reported. Colic was the most common clinical sign, followed by lameness. Diagnoses made most frequently included pituitary dysfunction, strangulating lipoma of the small intestine, laminitis, heaves, large colon impaction, and gastric ulcers. Pituitary dysfunction was significantly more prevalent in horses that were > 30 years of age. Laminitis was significantly associated with the presence of pituitary dysfunction.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
It was difficult to assess association of age with illnesses identified in these horses. Demographic data and information regarding common diseases of horses that are > or = 20 years of age are limited but will become increasingly important as this geriatric population increases.


Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) represents random, minor deviations from perfect symmetry in paired traits. Because the development of the left and right sides of a paired trait is presumably controlled by an identical set of genetic instructions, these small imperfections are considered to reflect genetic and environmental perturbations experienced during ontogeny. The current paper aims to identify possible neuroendocrine mechanisms, namely the actions of steroid hormones that may impact the development of asymmetrical characters as a response to various stressors. In doing so, it provides a review of the published studies on the influences of glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens on FA and concomitant changes in other health and fitness indicators. It follows the premise that hormonal measures may provide direct, non-invasive indicators of how individuals cope with adverse life conditions, strengthening the associations between FA and health, fitness, and behavior.


In this paper, a peak current predictive control algorithm based on discrete disturbance observer is proposed for BOOST converter. Compared with typical peak current predictive control algorithms, the proposed algorithm does not require additional a sensor to measure the input voltage in real time. The minimum beat tuning method of discrete disturbance observer is presented. It is proved that the inductance current tracks the reference value after two sampling cycles and eliminates input voltage disturbance after five sampling cycles. Simulation and experimental show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Colonies of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum adsorb many types of animal cell, including erythrocytes of various species, spermatozoa and tissue culture cells (Manchee & Taylor-Robinson, 1969). This adsorption can be prevented by treating the colonies with antiserum to whole mycoplasma organisms. The adsorption-inhibiting activity of the serum can in turn be abolished by treating the serum with haptens isolated from mycoplasmas. We have examined the role of specific mycoplasma antigens, particularly those of the cell membrane, in the adsorption of H-HeLa cells to colonies of a strain of Mycoplasma hominis. Mycoplasma horninis, sc4, isolated from the urethra of a man attending a venereal diseases clinic, was used throughout. Antisera to whole organisms, purified membranes and soluble fraction were those prepared by Hollingdale & Lemcke (1969). Antisera to lipid-free and recombined membranes and urea extract of whole membranes were prepared in rabbits according to Hollingdale & Lemcke (I 972). In the test for inhibition of H-HeLa cell adsorption, the culture medium, growth of mycoplasma colonies on agar and origin of H-HeLa cells were as described by Manchee & Taylor-Robinson (I 969). Suitable colonies of the mycoplasma, preferably in groups of three or four, were surrounded with a glazed porcelain assay cylinder; about six cylinders were used on each agar plate. Each cylinder was filled with a dilution of the antiserum, prepared by a twofold serial dilution in 20% (v/v) normal guinea-pig serum in phosphatebuffered saline pH 7-2. Control cylinders contained 20% (v/v) normal guinea-pig serum in phosphate-buffered saline alone. After the plates had been incubated at 37" for 3 h, the antiserum was replaced with H-HeLa cell suspension in phosphate-buffered saline (2 x 106 cells/ ml) and the plates reincubated at 37" for 2 h. The cylinders were emptied and removed, excess cell suspension removed with a few ml phosphate buffered saline and the colonies examined under a stereo-plate microscope. The adsorption-inhibition titre was taken as the reciprocal of the dilution of antiserum which reduced cell adsorption to 25 yo compared with untreated control colonies. The method for metabolic inhibition was as described by Hollingdale & Lemcke (1969). The metabolic inhibition titre was the highest dilution of antiserum inhibiting a colour change of 0.5 pH.


The article examines current trends in language policy and attitudes towards multilingualism and minority languages in the European Union, the USA, and Australia. On the example of some languages (Basque, Breton, Corsican, Sámi etc.) various factors affecting the current situation of minority languages are analyzed with priority to the state language policy. Special attention is concentrated on a new phenomenon in European sociolinguistics – the emergence of "new speakers" from minority groups who have learned these languages not in the family, but due to the educational system. Regarding the US language policy, the situation with the languages of North American Indians is described through some positive changes that have occurred in the economic, legal, cultural and linguistic environment of Indian tribes. The Australian case is analyzed as an equally striking example of progress from banning the use of aboriginal languages to modern programmes of their revitalisation. On the basis of the considered cases the author points to the importance of such factors as language activism and the financial and economic situation of minorities themselves. It is concluded that the change in the value paradigm only sets the framework conditions for the implementation of language rights but does not guarantee their success.


A design procedure of the geometrical and thermodynamical characteristics of radial inflow turbine operating whit fluid R245fa was implemented in a Matlab codee. Subsequently in the same code was implemented a procedure able to provide a performance prediction of the generated geometry. The results are a large number of data useful for a post process analysis; whit them the performance of turbines operating at the optimum condition are predictable and are discussed


The present invention relates to the use of sulfonyl-substituted 2- sulfonylaminobenzoic acid N-phenylamides of the formula (I), wherein A and R1 to R6 have the meanings indicated in the claims, for treating pain and for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment of pain.


In spite of increased automation, there is still a need for muscular power and for manual tools in the modem consumer and industrial environment Yet, although the concepts of human performance and ergonomic efficiency have been applied to various industrial tasks in recent years, they have been neglected in the design of many tools, especially shovels and spades. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to ascertain the extent to which, in the past, ergonomic principles have been applied to the task of shovelling and to the design of the shovel itself. Those design aspects which have been previously neglected, but could possible lead to improved shovelling efficiency, are outlined as a guide for further research.


The deuteron deep inelastic unpolarized structure function F2D is described using the Wilson operator product expansion method. In the leading twist approximation the convolution model is restored and an explicit formula for the nucleon distribution function in the deuteron is presented, accounting for binding effects in a covariant way. The long distance behavior, related to the deuteron bound state properties, is evaluated using the Bethe-Salpeter equation with one nucleon on-mass-shell. The calculation of the ratio FD2/2FN2 is compared with other convolution models showing important deviations in the region of large x. In part, this deviation can be attributed to deuteron model dependencies.


Since the latter half of 1996,the contradiction between energy supply and demand in China has been moderating. The contents of energy development strategy have been changing from showing concern for balance between supply and demand of energy system to showing concern for the coordinative development among energy social-economy and environment. Taking Jiangsu Province for example,this thesis builds the multiobjective decision model in coordinative development among energy social-economy and environment.This model provides a useful decision method for the policymaker. The calculation shows as follows: (1)From the economic benefit point of view,nuclear power generation and wind power generation aren't able to compete with fossil fuel power generation in short term,because of the comparatively large investment in the early period of construction.In 2005,coal will stillmake up 72% of energy consumption in Jiangsu.Since then,the in crease of coal consumption will be tending to tardy along with the in crease of the expenses of preventing pollution and pollution emission limit.It is essential to lay equal stress on coal,oil and natural gas?and nuclear energy in the energy structure of Jiangsu Proince in 2020. (2)Coal still occupies an important place in energy consumption in Jiangsu.It not only tallies with the characteristics of energy resources in China, but also is economical. The key is to lay stress on developing domestic large-typed fossil fuel power plant and clean coal technologies. (3)After the year of 2005, oil and gas will increase in rapid speed. In view of limited oil and gas resources in Jiangsu and limited average resources per capita in our country, it is necessary to expand imports of oil and gas, and to develop the outward oriented energy economy based on making full use of domestic or international resources and markets. (4)Nuclear power will play an important role in promoting the coordinative developemtn among energy social-economy and environment in Jiangsu. Jiangsu possesses developed economy and technology,and has an advantage in developing nuclear power stations. But the developing speed is not at all quick. One of the nost important reasons is to worry about safety, because Jiangsu has a large population,average 700 people per square kilometre. In fact the safety of nuclear power station is indubitable. Jiangsu should unswervingly develop nuclear power generation.While constructing Tianwan nuclear power station in Lianyuangang,the second and the third phases of the project should be started as quickly as possible. (5)Jiangsu has comparatively rich wind energy resources. But their utilization is still in the olwer degree.In China wind power generation has been main attack direction of developing new energy.Jiangsu should grab at this opportunity to quicken the tempo of construction of the large and middle-sized wind power stations.


We present a new approach to FLIM. The approach is based on the RATS method and uses compressive imaging. This combination allows for imaging of photoluminescence decay on the microseconds timescale with unmatched setup simplicity.


— Array process is a part of signal process. Here, angular resolution is attended so that, every year some articles are published. The purpose of this article is improving the resolution of capon algorithm for angles close together. So, statistical method is used for algorithm improvement. It is shown that proposed algorithm for angles close together has better results.


We investigated the sidewall damage formed by electron-cyclotron-resonance reactive ion etching (ECR-RIE) using CH/sub 4//H/sub 2/. It was found that the reverse current of p-i-n junctions is affected by the O/sub 2/ plasma treatment conditions for removing the hydrocarbon deposited on the etching mask during etching. By optimizing the treatment conditions, we succeeded in low damage sidewall formation, which is of the same quality as the mesa formed by wet etching. AES measurements indicate that the thickness of the damaged region is restricted to about 8 nm.