Every author who writes about the history of feminism laments the historical amnesia that separates each new generation of activists from those who have gone before. Because the tradition of thinking about women's rights and women's nature is at the center of public discourse so episodically, generation after generation has the experience of discovering and explaining the realities of gender-based inequality anew, and too often they remain poorly informed about both the achievements and the mistakes of those who have gone before.1 Given the massive intellectual energy of the field of women's history since the late 1960s, it is puzzling that we have not had a scholarly synthesis of the struggle for women's rights in the United States since Eleanor Flexner's Century of Struggle in 1959. Feminist historiography, however, tracks right along with the concerns of particular generations. In the late 1960s and early 1970s feminism had everything to do with the emergence of women's history as a field within the discipline. Historians of women, themselves committed to and imprinted by the recent upsurge in feminist activism, were less concerned with the ideas and activism of the woman suffrage movement, however, than with unearthing the daily lives of ordinary


Where do animals move to, how many animals move, which routes do they choose, and how many animals survive the migration or dispersal are key questions for ecologists. Information on movement and migration often comes from tagging studies. This article presents a short review of the models typically used in tagging studies. New models are being developed to deal with continuous, complete data from satellite and archival tags and state-space models for this type of data are presented.

Keywords:

multistate;
state-space;
movement;
migration;
capture-recapture


Simple Summary Since small bowel adenocarcinoma may mimic a colorectal primary neoplasm histologically, it is pivotal to find biomarkers to discriminate these two biologically distinct neoplasms. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2), expressed in the vast majority of colorectal carcinomas, and other gastrointestinal phenotypic markers, such as cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20 and caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), in 100 small bowel adenocarcinomas. We identified 20 SATB2-positive small bowel adenocarcinomas, including nine sporadic cancers, seven celiac disease-associated cancers and four Crohn's disease-associated small bowel adenocarcinomas. Six small bowel adenocarcinomas, including two cases associated with celiac disease and four sporadic, displayed a full colorectal carcinoma-like immunoprofile. Unlike SATB2, cytokeratin patterns stratified small bowel adenocarcinoma patient prognosis. The small bowel should be considered as one of the possible sites of origin in cancers of unknown primary, even when the neoplasm shows a colorectal carcinoma-like immunoprofile. Abstract Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a transcription factor expressed by colonic cryptic epithelium and epithelial neoplasms of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract, as well as by small bowel adenocarcinomas (SBAs), though at a lower rate. Nevertheless, up to now, only small SBA series, often including a very limited number of Crohn's disease-associated SBAs (CrD-SBAs) and celiac disease-associated SBAs (CD-SBA), have been investigated for SATB2 expression. We evaluated the expression of SATB2 and other GI phenotypic markers (cytokeratin (CK) 7 and CK20, caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR)), as well as mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, in 100 SBAs, encompassing 34 CrD-SBAs, 28 CD-SBAs and 38 sporadic cases (Spo-SBAs). Any mutual association and correlation with other clinico-pathologic features, including patient prognosis, were searched. Twenty (20%) SATB2-positive SBAs (4 CrD-SBAs, 7 CD-SBAs and 9 Spo-SBAs) were identified. The prevalence of SATB2 positivity was lower in CrD-SBA (12%) in comparison with both CD-SBAs (25%) and Spo-SBAs (24%). Interestingly, six SBAs (two CD-SBAs and four Spo-SBAs) displayed a full colorectal carcinoma (CRC)-like immunoprofile (CK7−/CK20+/CDX2+/AMACR+/SATB2+); none of them was a CrD-SBA. No association between SATB2 expression and MMR status was observed. Although SATB2-positive SBA patients showed a more favorable outcome in comparison with SATB2-negative ones, the difference did not reach statistical significance. When cancers were stratified according to CK7/CK20 expression patterns, we found that CK7−/CK20- SBAs were enriched with MMR-deficient cases (71%) and patients with CK7−/CK20− or CK7−/CK20+ SBAs had a significantly better survival rate compared to those with CK7+/CK20− or CK7+/CK20+ cancers (p = 0.002). To conclude, we identified a small (6%) subset of SBAs featuring a full CRC-like immunoprofile, representing a potential diagnostic pitfall in attempts to identify the site of origin of neoplasms of unknown primary site. In contrast with data on colorectal carcinoma, SATB2 expression is not associated with MMR status in SBAs. CK patterns influence patient survival, as CK7−/CK20− cancers show better prognosis, a behavior possibly due to the high rate of MMR-deficient SBAs within this subgroup.


Objective To compare acupuncture and medicine for treating allergic rhinitis.Methods Three hundred and eighty-six patients were randomly allocated to two groups.An acupuncture group was treated by needling bilateral pterygopalatine fossae,once daily,7 days as a course.A control group was treated by oral administration of Tranilast capsule,0.2 g three times daily,for 7 consecutive days.Results The effective rate was 93.36% in the acupuncture group and 69.63% in the control group.There was a significant difference in curative effect between the two groups(P0.01).Conclusion Acupuncture is significantly better than Western medicine in treating allergic rhinitis and has no side effect.


e13000 Background: Brief cognitive screening measures are often selected by clinicians and researchers for brain tumor patients, primarily because of their ease of use. Currently, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most commonly chosen, despite a reported low sensitivity. The primary objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of the MMSE with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).

METHODS
44 patients with brain tumors were prospectively accrued and administered the MMSE and MoCA by blinded investigators, 75% of who completed a 4-hour "gold standard" neuropsychological assessment (NPA). Quality of life and community integration were measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br) and Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), respectively. McNemar's test was used to compare sensitivity and specificity at pre-defined cutoff scores and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to examine outcomes across all cutoffs. Correlations were assessed with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

RESULTS
55% of patients met criteria for the DSM-IV diagnosis of Cognitive Disorder NOS on the NPA. Using pre-defined cutoffs, the MoCA was significantly more sensitive than the MMSE (55.5% versus 16.6%; p = 0.016), although specificity of the MoCA was poor (60.0%). MMSE scores below 27 were 100% specific; however, this applied to only three subjects. Furthermore, 39% of cognitively impaired subjects scored perfectly on MMSE. A MoCA cutoff of 22 had 28% sensitivity and 93% specificity, and a cutoff of 28 had 94% sensitivity and 20% specificity. The MoCA was correlated with both the FACT-Br (r = 0.319, p = 0.04) and CIQ (r = 0.427, p = 0.005), while MMSE scores did not correlate with either (p > 0.2).

CONCLUSIONS
The MoCA is more sensitive than the MMSE, though at no cutoff is it both sensitive and specific. Despite its limitations, the MoCA may offer cost saving in the oncology clinic as a cognitive screen: individuals with MoCA scores a) below 22 are likely cognitively impaired, b) above 27 are likely cognitively normal, and c) 22-27 would likely benefit most from NPA. Furthermore, the MoCA is better able to detect cognitive impairment that is related to functional limitations and quality of life. [Table: see text].


A striking feature of the Lao economy is the existence of considerable differences in well-being and economic development among the provinces (and among the regions). This has long been a concern for both some Lao policy makers and the donor community. Not only the size of these differences but also their persistence, and in some cases their widening, have been a source of policy concern. Laos has been engaged in an ambitious reform program since the mid-1980s. A main component of this program is the removal of barriers to internal trade and to labor and capital mobility, a measure generally seen as favorable to regional economic growth and one which will help the laggard provinces to catch up. Some 10 years after the start of the reform process, however, it is clear that the new policy has failed to narrow the gap between rich and poor provinces, in spite of a better integration of the poor ones into the Lao economy. The main purpose of this study is to highlight the disparities between the Lao provinces and explain why some are so much richer (or poorer) and more (or less) productive than others. A second purpose is to examine the factors behind the emergence and persistence of regional disparities and see whether (and how) the reform policy in force in Laos since the mid-1980s-and the integration of the Lao economy into the greater Southeast Asian region-are likely to affect the patterns of provincial development.


This paper investigates suspended sediment transport and dynamics of two nested agricultural lowland Mediterranean catchments with a difference of two orders of magnitude in the surface area (i.e., 1 and 264 km2). The effects of the drainage catchment area over the specific suspended sediment yield are assessed by using the nested approach over various timeframes. A detailed analysis of the rainfall–runoff–sediment transport relationships during the 2‐year study period shows that the hydrological and sedimentological responses were extremely variable for both catchments. Very low or no correlations were observed between the rainfall intensity and the selected hydrological variables and sediment loads. However, remarkable or high correlations were obtained between the rainfall intensity and the maximum and average suspended sediment concentrations, indicating that rainfall per unit time has little control on the hydrological response, but that, simultaneously, its high‐erosive power triggers sediment production, increasing the sedimentary response of the catchments. This study also illustrates how sediment is mainly transported during floods, producing predominantly clockwise hysteretic loops. Moreover, the small headwater catchment exerts a reduced (or even negligible) effect over the hydro‐sedimentary response of the larger downstream catchment, caused by the reduced sediment availability in a landscape with an inherent disconnection of the sediment pathways.


We report the discovery of a young planetary-mass brown dwarf in the ρ Oph cloud core. The object was identified as such with the aid of a 1.5–2.4 μm low-resolution spectrum obtained using the NIRC instrument on the Keck I telescope. Based on the COND model, the observed spectrum is consistent with a reddened (AV ∼ 15–16) brown dwarf whose effective temperature is in the range 1200–1800 K. For an assumed age of 1 Myr, comparison with isochrones further constrains the temperature to ∼1400 K and suggests a mass of ∼2–3 Jupiter masses. The inferred temperature is suggestive of an early T spectral type, which is supported by spectral morphology consistent with weak methane absorption. Based on its inferred distance (∼100 pc) and the presence of overlying visual absorption, it is very likely to be a ρ Oph cluster member. In addition, given the estimated spectral type, it may be the youngest and least massive T dwarf found so far. Its existence suggests that the initial mass function for the ρ Oph star-forming region extends well into the planetary-mass regime.


DMF-based polyurethanes for wet-type polyurethane artificial leather were prepared using 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) as diisocyanate, 1,4-butanediol (BD)/1,6-hexanediol (HD) as chain extender, and four different macroglycols (MW: 2000): poly(butylene/3-methyl-pentylene adipate) glycol based on 1,4-butanediol/3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol (MPD), poly(butylene adipate) glycol based on BD, polycarbonate glycol based on HD/MPD, and polycarbonate glycol based on HD. The properties of the as-polymerized polyurethane solutions and their films and the size/uniformity of cells of the foam layer of the resulting artificial leather were investigated. The viscosities of as-polymerized polyurethane solutions were significantly high in the range of 7500–15,000 cps, indicating that the molecular weight of the obtained polyurethanes is high. The tensile strengths of polyurethane films based on carbonate-polyol and BD chain extender were found to be higher than those of polyurethane films based on ester-polyol and HD chain extender. The elongation at the break of polyurethane films with the MPD component were higher than that of polyurethane films without the MPD component. The artificial leather containing MPD had smaller cells than the artificial leather without MPD and had higher uniformity. From these results, DMF-based polyurethanes prepared by using MPD components containing polyols are found to be most suitable for wet-type artificial leather.


This paper provides a brief introduction to the work that aims to apply the achievements within the area of engineering psychology to the area of formal methods, focusing on the specification phase of a system development process.


(57) Abstract: the endoscopic multiple sampling Baioputomu (10) includes a hollow outer member (16), extending through said hollow outer member, displaceable inner member in the axial direction (18 ) and a. Base ends of the outer and inner members are coupled to an actuator (24) so that may be displaced in the axial direction with respect to the other one of them. The end of the outer member (16), but is one in binding of the cylinder having a sharp distal edge portion (42) (40) and the jaw assembly (44), the end of the inner member (18), on the other It is coupled. The jaw assembly is preferably toothed, a pair of jaws cup (46a, 46b) which faces provided with, each of said jaw cup, group members of the resilient arms (50a, 50b) ( It is coupled to 52).


We include in this paper our conclusions on the use of mosaic decoration in Colonia Patricia Corduba , paying particular attention to purely technical matters, spatial distribution, documented themes and motifs, the purpose of the rooms where they are used, and appreciation of the patron.


First, this paper gives a precise representation of the diagonal section of the largest weak t-norm of a probabilistic metric space, which makes the important YouZhu theorems in the theory of probabilistic metric spaces obvious. Then it shows that probabilistic metric space-system is equivalent to ordinary metric space-system in the sense of isometrical isomorphism, and random metric space-system is distinct essentially from both probabilistic metric space-system and ordinay metric space-system.


Analog iterative decoders are provided that are based on the so-called min-sum algorithm (also referred to as max-sum or max-product, Max-Log-MAP or BP-based decoding) and can be used to decode powerful coding schemes such as low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and turbo codes. The circuits can be implemented by standard CMOS technology, which means lower fabrication cost and/or simpler design compared to previously reported analog iterative decoders that are based on BiCMOS or sub-threshold CMOS technology. Soft information is passed among variable nodes and parity-check nodes. A low-voltage high-swing Max WTA circuit is also provided. The circuit can be implemented by short channel MOSFET transistors and yet provide a reasonably high degree of accuracy. Applications include soft computing, and analog signal processing, in general. A Min WTA circuit can also be built based on this circuit by subtracting the input currents from a large reference current.


This article asserts that the practice of dance improvisation is the embodiment of the noetic cycle, the cyclical relationship of two theories of noesis, Aristotle's and Husserl's. Aristotle describes noesis as the thinking and planning of work to be done. Husserl's noesis describes the reception of sensuous information and the translation of that information into actionable data. Using videos of my solo release-based improvised dancing in the studio, I discuss how each theory of noesis is present in practice. These theories of noesis, when seen as complementary to one another, reveal improvised dance making as arising from the interrelationship of awareness and action. The noetic cycle provides dance makers with more theoretical lenses for researching dance and shows that dance is a testing ground and the means for philosophical inquiry.


There is increasing interest in the management of osteoradionecrosis via pharmacological therapy as an alternative to surgery. Successful outcomes have been presented in the literature based on clinical and radiographic assessment. The current case reports on a clinically healed case of osteoradionecrosis who subsequently underwent resection for the purpose of oro‐dento‐facial rehabilitation providing a rare insight into the histopathological status of resolved case via medical management.


In this paper, the principles of an adaptive technological programming environment based on an intersubjective paradigm are developed. For this purpose, the understanding of programming is adequately enriched by introducing conceptual logical structures. This allows you to move away from the general concept of programming as a subject-defined activity and to lay the foundations for its technologization.


I rememberfondly nlcepinfilnteon that Christmas mominn near the turn of the century. Fresh snow had fallen the night before and Holmes and I had stayed up past midnight by the fire, smoking our briars, and recalling the many adventures and dilemmas which other Decembers had brought our way. Overcome by a sense of peace and wellbeing, I slept long and awoke to the sound of carriages muffled by the deep snow and a few cheerful voices ofpeople hurrying along Baker Street beneath my window. The air was cold and the sky was a tone of clear blue seldom seen in the Great Citv. 1 ~u l l ed mv dressinz gown around me. " . . . ., selected a favorite pipe, and went out to the living quarters of 221B to share Christmas with mv friend and colleaeue Mr. Sherlock Holmes. Holmes was in his chair by the crackling fire, humming some tune that sounded operatic, and concentrating the rest of his energy on repairing the fmish on his precious violin. For several weeks he had beeuso engaged, wmplaining of difficulties he had enwuntered in producing a certain quality color-tone in the varnish, and ignoring my urgings and pleas to attend the new play that had opened at Covent Garden. "Holmes!" I cried. "What a morning!" But I could tell that progress on his violin had stalled and, since no new case occupied his thoughts, he was in one of his sullen moods, totally unacceptable in my mind, even for Holmes, on a morning like this. Holmes did not speak to me, and, when Mrs. Hudson knocked on our door and entered carrying a gift, wrapped smartly in bright red paper, Holmes raised only an eyebrow. "A gift for you, Watson, from an admirer no doubt", he said. "No, Mr. Holmes", Mrs. Hudson shook her head. "It's for you! I found it on the step this morning, 'Mr. Sherlock Holmes, Merry Christmas'the tag says." Holmes put the violin down and took the package fmm the outstretched arms of our fsithful landlady. Since I had been associated with him, only on the most rare occasions had Holmes ever received a gift of any kind, and indeed, he reacted with concern and a grim look of suspicion. He set the red package before him on the floor, glanced a t the tag, and with utmost care untied the ribbon and slipped off the wrapping paper. All this was done without agitating the giR, as it sat before us now in a plain brown box the size of an ale mug.


Objective
To investigate and compare the clinical effectiveness of different silicone tube removal timing after consequent lacrimal intubation on the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction.

Methods
In this retrospective, single-blind, randomized controlled, comparative clinical trial, the patients with lacrimal duct obstruction, including presaccal canalieular obstruction (PSCO) and nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO), were treated by lacrimal duct plasty combined with consequent lacrimal intubation. These patients were randomly divided into two groups by different timing of silicone tube removal: In Group A, silicone tube were removed at 1 month after surgery; In Group B, silicone tube were removed at 3 months after surgery. Effective rates were analyzed at 6 months after tube removal.

Results
A total of 248 patients (256 eyes) completed follow-up. The total effective rate reached 73.44% (188/256), the effective rates of group A and group B were 67.48% (83/ 123), 78.95% (105/133) respectively (χ2=2.706, P=0.100). The effective rates of PSCO in group A and group B were 64.44% (29/45), 87.76% (43/49) respectively (χ2=7.110, P=0.008), and the effective rates of NLDO in group A and group B were 69.23% (54/78), 73.81% (62/84) respectively (χ2= 0.417, P=0.518). Lacrimal duct inflammation, extubation difficulty were more seen in group B than in group A.

Conclusions
Consequent lacrimal intubation is an effective and nontraumatizing procedure for the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. For patients of PSCO, removal of the silicone tube at 3 months after surgery is more effective than at 1 month. But for patients of NLDO, different timing of silicone tube removal is less likely to affect the final result. Long-term wearing tube may bring more complications.

Key words:
Lacrimal duct obstruction; Consequent lacrimal intubation; Effective rate; Complication


This study examines the extent to which the modular approach to anticorruption enforcement has taken hold in six South American countries. We describe the process of enforcing anti-corruption law, in functional terms, and why modular design might be an optimal way of reconciling the advantages and disadvantages of coordination among institutions. We then identify a number of factors that might influence the design of the anti-corruption institutions adopted in any given country. Next we examine whether and to what extent modular institutional design has been implemented in anti-corruption enforcement in six South American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru. For each country we describe the institutions responsible for enforcing anti-corruption law, the coordination mechanisms they have developed, and factors that have hampered the development of those mechanisms. Our results show that the same functions or combinations of functions are often performed by different institutions in different countries. In the area of anti-corruption law enforcement at least, we are now convinced that a cross-country analysis limited either to a particular area of law, say civil, criminal or administrative law, or to a particular set of institutions, such as the courts and police, carries a serious risk of being misleading. This risk may be present in other areas of law enforcement.


Education is closely related to human development. This relation is interpreted in different ways in Psychology which is evidenced in the different theories, methodologies and practices existent today. This radically impacts the study and intervention of people with learning disabilities. In this article we carry out a critical analysis of the studies of dyslexia based on the Historical Cultural Theory. We will show how the basic conceptions of this learning disability lead to interventional methodologies through insurmountable paths to achieve their primary objective: awareness phonological. In contrast, the Historical Cultural Theory, theories and methodologies provide the necessary and essential conditions for the development of word sound analysis to prepare children for learning to read and write. This is part of the comprehensive response of the Cuban educational system to the phenomenon of dyslexia, where the qualities to be able to read and write are not considered innate qualities, but rather the product of a complex human development promoted by education.


The conventional wisdom is, or until recently has been, that the earth's scenery is essentially youthful, much of it being of pleistocene age. The validity of this assertion was questioned, surfaces and forms of much greater antiquity being cited from several cratonic regions, and also from the older orogens. Exhumed forms, some of them of great age (one inselberg landscape of Archaean age was noted), are more common and extensive than has previously been supposed. Epigene forms of Mesozoic ate are increasingly being demonstrated from the world's cratons and orogens. Etch features also are more widely eveloped than has been realized. It was recommended that studies of denudation chronology be undertaken, possible in relation to contrasted cratonic regions. The nature and age range of surfaces that make up the shields ought to be analysed, the processes responsible for shaping the surfaces, and, in the case of the ancien epigene forms, the reasons for their survival.


An analysis of kerosene-based nanofluid flow past a semi-infinite vertical plate is carried out numerically. A set of unsteady, nonlinear governing equations are derived, namely, the momentum, energy, continuity, and concentration equations. The Crank-Nicolson implicit finite difference scheme is used to solve the governing equations. It is unconditionally stable. Based on different values of physical parameters, the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles across the boundary layer are depicted. Graphs comparing the heat transfer characteristics of Newtonian fluids with local and average, skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are provided. With an increasing value of the Prandtl number of kerosene-based nanofluid the local skin friction coefficient decreases while the Nusselt number increases. Furthermore, the Sherwood number decreases as the Prandtl number increases.


For assessing the settlement of stone column reinforced ground, the most commonly used standard in situ control in India, is a load test on a single stone column and on its tributary area with a rigid plate. The interpretation of results from this test is rather complex because the load applied through a rigid plate of diameter that is intermediate to those of the granular pile and granular pad, is shared by both granular pile and the in situ soil while the unit cell representing the treated area is loaded uniformly all over. In the present paper, a simple procedure is developed for estimating settlement of treated ground, based on the results of the load test on a single stone column, in terms of settlement and differential settlement factors. Design charts are presented for normal ranges of non-dimensional geometric and relative stiffness parameters for ready use.


Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of DYCAL and zinc oxide iodoform paste in the treatment of old floor of pulp chamber perforation. Methods 45 cases with old floor of pulp chamber perforation occurred all in the molar and were combined with medullary cavity polyp. All the perforations were repaired by DYCAL after treating the impacted teeth, then the root canals were prepared and filled with zinc oxide iodoform paste and gutta-percha, and the PAZ zinc was used to fill the bottom and silver amalgam was used to fill and repair after two weeks of observation. The clinical symptoms of impacted teeth were observed, X-ray examination was done, and clinical curative effect was evaluated at the visit after 1 year. Results In 45 cases, there were 6 cases with unsuccessful visit,30 cases were successful and 9 cases were failing among the remaining 39 cases, the successful rate was 76.9%,and the effect of smaller diameter perforation was better than that of bigger diameter perforation, the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion The short-term clinical curative effect of DYCAL and zinc oxide iodoform paste in the treatment of old floor of pulp chamber perforation is satisfactory, and worth of application at the grass-roots work.


I took interest in the article by Khamanarong et al. (2004) that presented "the incidence and characteristics of variations of renal arteries in Thais." The authors variously describe more than one renal artery as "multiple" (Gray, 1906; Geyer and Poutasse, 1962), "single hilar artery," "two hilar arteries," "double renal arteries," "triple renal arteries," "upper and lower polar artery" (Coen and Raftery, 1992), and "additional renal arteries" (Satyapal et al., 2001). The literature is replete with a number of other varying names for this artery including "accessory" (Gray, 1906; Schaeffer, 1953; Verma et al., 1961; Skyes, 1963;), "aberrant" (Verma et al., 1961; Graves, 1969), "anomalous" and "supernumerary" (Brodel, 1901; Anson et al., 1947; Geyer and Poutasse, 1962), "supplementary" (Eisendrath and Strauss, 1910), "accessory aortic hilar," "aortic superior polar," and "aortic inferior polar" (Eisendrath and Strauss, 1910; Rupert, 1913; Llyod, 1935; Merklin and Michels, 1958; De Beer, 1966). To avoid confusion and facilitate accurate reporting of more than one renal artery and to standardize the nomenclature, Satyapal et al. (2001) proposed the following simple definition: "An additional renal artery, other than the main renal artery, is one which arises from the aorta and terminates in the kidney." The rare exceptions to this definition of additional renal arteries may arise from the middle sacral, common iliac, internal iliac, or inferior mesenteric arteries (Eisendrath and Strauss, 1910). The author pleas for standardized nomenclature and respectfully suggests the term "additional renal artery."


THE highest accolade that we can give to a colleague is to call him a good doctor. But when we come to define this term, we are like the Irishman describing a leprechaun: "Sure, I know one when I see one, but I'm damned if I can tell you what it is." It refers, I suppose, to the combination in a man or woman of many qualities of scientific knowledge and understanding, of practical skill, of the personal attributes of detachment on the one hand and empathy on the other which, taken together, confers uniqueness upon an individual. I like Professor Knox of Birmingham's description of our enterprise:


Objective:Retinal microcirculation reflects retinal perfusion abnormalities and retinal arterial structural changes at relatively early stages of various cardiovascular diseases.Our objective was to establish reference values for major functional and structural parameters of retinal microcirculation


The problems of the forest sector identified by many researchers are primarily related to the quality of institutions and the lack of effective institutional relations in the industry, according to the authors' opinion. The results presented in the article, which prove the existence of a causal relationship between the qualitative characteristics of institutions and institutional relations and economic results, are shown for the first time in the case of the forest industry. In order to achieve the objective, the economic interrelations between forest industry entities are analyzed in the context of their institutional environment. It is revealed that the existing institutional structure of the industry supports the conflict of incentives between the owner (state) and the user (tenant) of forest land. The theoretical aspects of the specification of property rights, minimization of transaction costs and costs of contractual relations in the Russian forest industry to increase its economic efficiency are investigated. The transformation of Russian forest industry institutions should be based on the comparative advantages of existing institutions, economic models of successful forest management, objective institutional and economic indicators of sustainable growth, such as the specification of property rights and the minimization of specific transaction costs.


Abstract Mobile acoustic surveys are a common method of surveying bat communities. However, there is a paucity of empirical studies exploring different methods for conducting mobile road surveys of bats. During 2013, we conducted acoustic mobile surveys on three routes in north‐central Indiana, U.S.A., using (1) a standard road survey, (2) a road survey where the vehicle stopped for 1 min at every half mile of the survey route (called a "start‐stop method"), and (3) a road survey with an individual using a bicycle. Linear mixed models with multiple comparison procedures revealed that when all bat passes were analyzed, using a bike to conduct mobile surveys detected significantly more bat passes per unit time compared to other methods. However, incorporating genus‐level comparisons revealed no advantage to using a bike over vehicle‐based methods. We also found that survey method had a significant effect when analyses were limited to those bat passes that could be identified to genus, with the start–stop method generally detecting more identifiable passes than the standard protocol or bike survey. Additionally, we found that significantly more identifiable bat passes (particularly those of the Eptesicus and Lasiurus genera) were detected in surveys conducted immediately following sunset. As governing agencies, particularly in North America, implement vehicle‐based bat monitoring programs, it is important for researchers to understand how variations on protocols influence the inference that can be gained from different monitoring schemes.


Text detection and Recognition from natural scene images are useful in many applications. In this paper, we propose a novel CC-based text detection algorithm, which employs Edge-Enhanced Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) and stroke Width transform. We extract connected components (CCs) in images by using the edge-enhanced maximally extremal region algorithm then these candidates are filtered using CC based analysis and stroke width filtering. For each non horizontal text perform text rotation to make it as a horizontal text and apply boundary box localization. The detected text can be recognized using an Optical character recognizer. Experimental results on ICDAR 2005 robust reading competition datasets show that our method yields better performance of the proposed method.


The properties of the viscous boundary layer at the free surface of a rotating baroclinic fluid are analyzed and compared with those of the well-known Ekman boundary layer at a rigid surface. Although the ageostrophic components of the flow in the free surface boundary layer are weaker than in the Ekman layer, there are problems of practical interest in which their effects are not negligible. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00188.x


Surgical reconstruction of blocked arteries began in the late 1960s and has proved to be remarkably successful. The coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operation is the foundation of surgical management. The goal of this operation is to restore the blood supply to the heart muscle by creating a new route for the blood to flow around the blockages. CABG is the most common operation performed on the human heart. Current surgical planning is very dependent on the expertise of the surgeon and uses only a limited amount of information obtained from sectional images. Therefore, the accurate position of the occluded region and the length of the vessel to be transplanted need to be known before CABG in order to reduce the time required for surgery and the risk. Our research aims at interactive surgical planning for CABG based on a hybrid cardiac model composed of ventricles, atria, and coronary artery. Using the proposed model, the position of the occluded or narrowed portion of the coronary artery can be found easily and the site of the transplant can be planned interactively. Moreover, an accurate quantitative estimate of the length and thickness of the vessel to be transplanted can be provided.


The pandemic of the new coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), initially described in China, is challenging the health care systems of all countries. Every emerging disease raises many questions with a scarcity of answers since all its characteristics are still being discovered. In the case of SARS‐CoV‐2, most of the literature comes from adult patients. Children seem to be less affected. Pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 disease usually suffer a mild illness, with a low risk of complications, or mortality. Defining the role of children in the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 is critical as some national infection control decisions involving children, such as school closures or social distancing, will probably impact the dynamics of the virus. To aid in the knowledge of COVID‐19 in children, this study presents an expert review of the literature published from 1 January to 28 May 2020, including peer‐reviewed and preprint nonpeer‐reviewed studies, along with some relevant articles afterward, summarizing ten key points that characterize the disease in children.


We investigated the changes of hemostasis indicators of blood in rats by the inhalation of the drug based on royal jelly and propolis – «Apinhalin» with the adrenal edema of lungs. It was determined, that the inhalation therapy of the drug "Apinhalin" contributed to the normalization of the functional state of platelets and the improvements the hemocoagulation processes of blood in rats.


Total knee arthroplasty is a common procedure as a surgical solution to reduce pain and improve knee function. However, this procedure heavily depends on the skills and experience of a surgeon to determine the correct amount of soft tissue balancing during the procedure. Analysis of the contact point between the femoral and tibial component of the knee prosthesis is usually performed manually using radiographic images. This method requires much work and also expose the patient to radiation. A force distribution measurement system was developed in an attempt to address this problem. The current study investigates the in vitro kinematics of a posterior stabilized fixed bearing prosthesis. Eight malalignments experiments have been conducted in 0° extension and 90° flexion. The results show that there was a posterior femoral rollback phenomenon observed through the changes of the force center of gravity. The malrotation caused a higher concentration of force to the prosthesis especially during extension. Varus caused a higher concentration of force in medial condyle. Finally, the anteroposterior and mediolateral translation affect the prosthesis especially in extension position. The results obtained in this study were comparable with the past findings using radiographic images.


There exist many results generalizing the Theorem of Tumura–Clunie. Concerning a wider class of differential polynomials we will give a new estimate of the characteristic of f which allows to derive or improve results of Tumura/Clunie, Hayman, Mues, Steinmetz, Toda, Weissenborn, Xin-Hou Hua, Ishizaki and Yi. In this paper we examine functions of the form where f is meromorphic and transcendental p[f]. Q[f] are non-vanishing differential polynomials in f, and Q[f] is of degree γ Q < n-1 and weight г Q 1. if γ Q ≤ n 2 then: 2. if γ Q = n-1 then:


14:00-16:00 IMF, World Bank, and the Global Financial Crisis Policy responses and impact on workers IMF/WB assistance for balance-of-payments problems, stimulus packages, infrastructure construction, etc. IMF role in developing new regulatory frameworks CHAIR: David Hawley, Sr. Advisor, (IMF) Tam Bayoumi, Sr. Advisor (IMF) Jodi Scarlata, Sr. Economist (IMF) Justin Lin, Sr. Vice President and Chief Economist (WB) John Evans, General Secretary (TUAC)


ABSTRACT RelSoft is a prototype PC software architecture aimed at facilitating the arduous task of maintenance evaluation and reliability analysis of mining equipment carried out by mining engineers. Two approaches employed in the analysis of equipment maintenance data are integrated in the software architecture. The first approach deals with a basic maintenance analysis used in the determination of equipment failure trends. The second approach is used to predict failure trends based on statistical reliability models. An example case study related to failure data of a fleet of three sco-optrams in underground mines in the Sudbury mining region is discussed.


A number of factors in the measurement of serum thymol turbidity need further evaluation. These factors include the unit system used in reporting serum thymol turbidity values, the pH of the buffer, the composition of the buffer, and the instrument used for measurement. Before uniform values between laboratories can be achieved, a stable standard is necessary. With such a standard, thymol buffers of different composition and pH may be compared. The response of different optical systems to serum thymol turbidity may be easily measured and evaluated. In 1944, Maclagan' reported that a buffer prepared with thymol and barbital at pH 7.8 produced a marked turbidity or precipitate with certain serums. These serums were usually from patients with parenchymatous disease of the liver. Since then, the thymol turbidity test has been used in assessment of dysfunction of the liver. In order to estimate the extent of liver damage, an arbitrary set of units was proposed by Maclagan, based on the standards of Kingsbury and associates. These visual standards were prepared by treating gelatin with formalin. This formed a firm gel with various degrees of turbidity. The preparation of these visual standards presented problems in reproducibility, and they were not suitable for photometric use. Using a more quantitative approach, Shank and Hoagland in 1946 introduced the use of a barium sulfate suspension as a standard for photometric determination of thymol turbidity. In 1955, Reinhold proposed the use of colloidal glass suspension to replace the barium sulfate standards. This preparation was made by agitating fragments of borosilicate glass in water until an even, milky suspension was formed. This is a difficult process with respect to reproducing particles of uniform size.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to cell lines that produce monoclonal antibodies and their relative G3BP protein. The present invention also relates to the use of these antibodies or derivatives thereof for the production of pharmaceutical and diagnostic reagents.


INDEX  Introduction  Background to discussing intraneural injections as cause of nerve injury. 1. Are all needles and nerves equal? 2. Are all nerve block drugs equal? 3. Types of intraneural injection.  The evidence that intraneural injections occur. A. Origin of the theory that pain occurring with nerve block injection indicates nerve injury. B. Does a signal of pain with nerve block injection always indicate a disaster, and does lack of pain with nerve block injection guarantee safety? C. How close to the nerve does paresthesia technique of nerve location bring the needle? D. How close to the nerve does an electrostimulation technique bring the needle? E. Can using a nerve stimulation guided technique prevent intraneural injections? F. Can using ultrasound guidance techniques prevent intraneural injections?  The outcomes of intraneural nerve block techniques injections i. Are intraneural injections harmful? ii. Do intraneural injections cause high intraneural pressures? iii. Case reports of non-anesthesia accidental intraneural drug injections. iv. Why do some nerve block injections cause sharp distal radiating pain, or sharp localized pain at the point of injection?  Evidence and experience of visualized intraneural injections from the era of ultrasound-guided nerve blocks.  Concluding discussion.


Recent seismic surveys and reprocessing by Sevoteam/MAGE make it possible to verify and add information about the sedimentary cover especially Lower Paleozoic terrigenous and carbonate complex (Cambrian-Lower Permian) within the southern part of the Barents Shelf, including the aquatorial continuation of the Pechora Platform, Kola-Kaniri Monocline, South Barents Basin, West-Kola Saddle and other structures.


In this contribution, the influence of free radicals concentration on the Electrostatic Charging Tendency (ECT) of aged mineral oils is reported. A free radical reagent, 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), is used to assess the relative concentration of free radicals. Prior to the ECT measurement, the oil samples were subjected to various stresses (corona discharges, multiple arcs or local overheating). Different ASTM standards were considered to assess the physicochemical properties before and after stress applications. It is found that free radicals affect the ECT. The theoretical premises that, free radicals may contribute to the ECT, is experimentally confirmed under laboratory conditions. The reason why this information is important is that ECT can significantly affect partial discharge inception in in-service transformers. Index Terms : Power transformer, mineral oil, free radicals, ECT.


A Jerk chaotic system′s dynamics is investigated.It is demonstrated that multi-scroll attractors can be generated using a step function.Based on the LabView software,a multi-scroll chaotic system can be designed and simulated easily.The results indicated that the system has a stable dynamic characteristics,translational characteristics,the output amplitude range controllable characteristics.


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There is a powerful force sweeping through much of biological science: Automation[[HN1][1]]. Spurred by the convergence of robotics, software, and molecular biology, automation is


The dye-sensitized solar cells microfluidically integrated with a redox flow battery (µDSSC-RFB) belong to a new emerging class of green energy sources with an inherent opportunity for energy storage. The successful engineering of microfluidically linked systems is, however, a challenging subject, as the hydrodynamics of electrolyte flow influences the electron and species transport in the system in several ways. In the article, we have analyzed the microflows hydrodynamics by means of the lattice-Boltzmann method, using the algebraic solution of the Navier-Stokes equation for a duct flow and experimentally by the micro particle image velocimetry method. Several prototypes of µDSSC were prepared and tested under different flow conditions. The efficiency of serpentine µDSSC raised from 2.8% for stationary conditions to 3.1% for electrolyte flow above 20 mL/h, while the fill factor increased about 13% and open-circuit voltage from an initial 0.715 V to 0.745 V. Although the hexagonal or circular configurations are the straightforward extensions of standard photo chambers of solar cells, those configurations are hydrodynamically less predictable and unfavorable due to large velocity gradients. The serpentine channel configuration with silver fingers would allow for the scaling of the µDSSC-RFB systems to the industrial scale without loss of performance. Furthermore, the deterioration of cell performance over time can be inhibited by the periodic sensitizer regeneration, which is the inherent advantage of µDSSC.


A model for plasma transport near marginal stability is presented. The model is based on subcri‐ tical resistive pressure‐gradient‐driven turbulence. Three‐dimensional nonlinear calculations based on this model show effective transport for subcritical mean profiles. This model exhibits some of the characteristic properties of self‐organized criticality. Perturbative transport techniques are used to elucidate the transport properties. Propagation of positive and negative pulses is studied. The observed results suggest a possible explanation of the apparent nonlocal effects ob‐ served with perturbative experiments in tokamaks.


The utility model discloses an intelligent temperature measurement reminding teacup which comprises a teacup body, a temperature sensor, a circuit board, a display, a power supply, a buzzer, a lead and a single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer, the power supply, the buzzer and the display are welded on the circuit board, the temperature sensor is connected with the circuit board through the lead, the circuit board, the power supply, the single-chip microcomputer, the buzzer and the lead are positioned between the inner wall and the outer wall of the teacup body and fixed on the outer wall, the temperature sensor is positioned between the inner wall and the outer wall of a cup bottom and fixed on the inner wall, and the display is positioned between the inner wall and the outer wall of the teacup body and embedded into the outer wall. The intelligent temperature measurement reminding teacup is simple in structure and convenient to mount and can measure and display water temperature and remind people of drinking water in the water temperature suitable for drinking when the people pour a cup of boiling water to be placed and cooled as the water temperature is too high, so that the people cannot forget to drink the water.


—In recent years, major flash memory vendors have produced SSDs and fusion memories as substitution for hard disks. However, there has been a lack of studies on access restriction of QLC flash memory, since most researches have targeted small capacity flash memory. As a solution, we propose to implement an adaptation layer between the file system and FTL (Flash Translation Layer). Instead of immediately writing data given from file system to flash memory, the adaptation layer gathers and adjusts data in the unit of a page, and separates random data from sequential data. By implementing the adaptation layer, previous FTL algorithms can be fully applied on the QLC flash memory. According to our experiment, the adaptation layer forms smaller number of pages than the current data gathering algorithm.


Distribution is the core of logistics, but actual logistics activities often cannot accurately meet full-load distribution. How to formulate an explainable and operable distribution plan is a problem that the logistics industry pays extensive attention to. This article takes the distribution of commodity vehicles in a random environment as the research object. Under the premise of allowing delayed and early distribution, it is based on full-load and on-demand delivery, and the cost difference between full-load and on-demand delivery is used as the basis for delay compensation., constructed a proportional pricing model for delay compensation, and then analyzed specific cases. The results show that the mechanism can effectively improve the full-load rate and customer satisfaction and reduce the cost of logistics enterprises, providing a more reasonable solution for enterprises to formulate distribution plans.


The five-year program of federal aid to nursing education, set up under the 1964 Nurse Training Act, will end on July 1, 1969, unless Congress acts during the present session to continue it. This program has included funds for school construction and renovation, teaching improvement grants, payments to diploma schools, loans for nursing students, and traineeships for graduate nurses to prepare for positions as administrators, supervisors, clinical specialists, and teachers. The legislation required that a report, reviewing this program and making recommendations for its continuation, extension, or modification, be submitted to Congress by January 1, 1968. This report was prepared by a Program Review Committee, appointed by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.The committee has recommended that the program be expanded and continued for at least five years. Specific recommendations include some additions to the program, for example, extension of basic support grants to all schools of nursing (now only diploma schools receive them), grants to assist in planning for the transition of nursing education from hospital schools to educational institutions, grants for the establishment of new schools of nursing in medical centers, and funds for research, recruitment, and regional planning. Other recommendations call for grants for the establishment of demonstration centers for new approaches to nursing practice, utilization of skills and training, and increases in the federal share of costs of school construction as well as larger loans and scholarships for students. The committee also recommended that sufficient funds be provided for the administration of the program by the Division of Nursing, USPHS.Excerpts from the report are presented here.


The titling work was done with the purpose of elaborating a physical activity guide for the early adults with moderate intellectual disabilities who are in the Casa Comunal Camino al Progreso Zona 8, through the information collected Raise the need for a study focused on the improvement of the viso motive capacity from exercises and activities that strengthen the daily action in the different environments. The theoretical foundation that was proposed was oriented towards terms such as adult, moderate intellectual disability and visual motor skills. The study methodology covered a non experimental descriptive study, the methods used were the historical logical, analytical synthetic, observational and systemic structural functional methods. We used as a technique the survey in which the results obtained favored the study proposal, which presented the different activities for people with moderate intellectual disability in order to improve their viso motor skills.


This paper presents the real-time multi-user eye tracking technique for multiview 3D systems. The proposed technique used the Haar feature-based face detection and classification. Then, it calculated the best matching template, and extracts eye positions based on biological proportion. Simulation results showed the proposed method enhanced the average F1 score up to 0.312, compared with conventional methods.


Previous studies of hormones and other potential teratogens were not designed to identify low-risk agents resulting in confusion about the teratogenicity of hormones. Because the potential exposure rate of drugs commonly used in pregnancy is high a malformation rate of only 1%-2% could result in thousands of malformed babies every year. Since the thalidomide experience it has been determined that for a teratogen to cause a birth defect there must be a genetic disposition for adverse reaction to a given agent and exposure must occur at a vulnerable period during development. Reasonable guidelines for prospective and retrospective studies of teratogenicity include determination of whether malformation has occurred excluding cases with disagreement about actual exposure; correlation of time of exposure with the stage of embryonic development; avoidance and use as controls of patients with birth defects that could have been caused by the teratogen; and seeking a large enough series of cases and controls to reach statistically reliable conclusions. None of the studies of hormones and birth defects in the world literature meets these requirements because of failure to correlate the time of exposure with the period of vulnerability in most cases. Research on the mechanism by which hormones produce malformations suggests that steroid hormones may affect normal cell differentiation directly or that toxic breakdown products rather than hormones themselves cause the damage. The ability to eliminate toxic reactive intermediates is genetically controlled and the body is not able to manufacture new receptors for each of the 5000 new chemicals created in laboratories around the world. It has not been convincingly demonstrated that any chemical formulations of exogenous hormones are entirely safe: the authors argue that any exogenous hormone synthetic or natural can produce maldevelopment in responders genetically predisposed to react adversely to a drug at a vulnerable period of embryogenesis. Patients who take hormones during the 1st 2 months after conception approximately double their risk of having an infant with a major anomaly from 2-3% to 5%. Patients should be informed participants in decisions regarding the use of hormones. New studies are needed that eliminate the flaws of e


Traditional ways of applying AE technology to structural integrity assessment have been to early detect and warn of dangerous discontinuities and damage processes in various kinds of structures. On the other hand there is another application field of continuous monitoring with greater importance to safety aspects, which positively utilizes the fact that there occur no or very few AE signals in a sound structure, that is, structural integrity is hold if there are no occurrence of AE signals. Such a structure is a storage tank made of thin-wall mild steel, which generally shows very strong AE activities. To evaluate structural integrity of a storage tank, it is generally needed to previously establish database of AE activities acquired from field tests and structural matenals testing, by using appropriate techniques of analyzing signal activities and source location. There is a successful expenence which reversely utilized the detectability of abnormalities possessed with AE technology, that is, 3-year continuous monitoring of AE activities in two liquid-waste storage tanks using a 32-channel AE system. As the result, it became clearer for AE continuous monitoring to be an effective and economical nondestructive method to evaluate structural safety and reliability accurately enough. This paper presents the result of monitoring structural integrity of the liquid-waste storage tanks, including AE methodology developed for that purpose, that is, techniques for evaluating AE activities with fractal-type peak-amplitude distributions and AE source location applicable, basic reference database stored from laboratory and field tests, and criteria for assessment of structural integrity.


The invention discloses a solar energy back plate increasing light absorptivity. The solar energy back plate comprises an upper layer 1, a middle layer 2 and a lower layer 3; the upper layer 1 is connected to the middle layer 2 through an adhesive layer 4; the middle layer 2 is connected to the lower layer 3 through the adhesive layer 4; the solar energy back plate is characterized in that the upper surfaces of the upper layer 1 and the middle layer 2 are provided with projection structures; and the cross section of the projection structure is of a triangle shape. The photovoltaic back plate of the invention can reduce a degree of incident light reflecting back to the air, increases absorptivity for light by the photovoltaic assembly and further increases the power of the photovoltaic assembly.


Volatility is the feature in the India fiber market. By using the granger's causality test, the study inferred that there was a unidirectional causality between WPI values of jute and cotton and WPI values of silk and cotton at an all India level. By carrying out the co-integration test the study find that there was an inverse relation between WPI silk values and cotton values and WPI silk and Jute values


Abstract Erratum to: Exceptional changes in skeletal anatomy under domestication: the case of brachycephaly Integrative Organismal Biology, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2021, obab023, https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obab023 Due to production error in the above article, figure 1 has been updated as follows online:


The design of the Space Station Platforms incorporates and expands on the serviceability and modularity features of the Multi-mission Modular Spacecraft (MMS). This design is adaptable to a wide range of mission requirements through the use of distributed systems with sizing granularity applicable to both multi-use missions, such as earth observations, and large facility missions such as astrophysics observatories. The design permits on-orbit growth, repair, instrument change-out, and resupply of propulsion fuel and cryogen at the Space Station Servicing Facility or with the Shuttle and Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV). The Platform Program encompasses the design and development of the orbiting unmanned elements of the Space Station to conduct long-term, autonomous, commercial, scien-tific, and technology ventures and investigations. These unmanned elements fall into two general classes of platforms: the Co-Orbiting Platform (COP) and the Polar Orbiting Platform (POP). The COP for the initial operating phase will be developed to support solar and stellar viewing astrophysics missions. The POP will be developed to accommodate earth observation, oceanographic, atmospheric, and solar and plasma physics missions. Current Shuttle payload capability limitations at the Western Test Range (WTR) place a restriction on another objective of platform designs for polar applications, which is to accomplish meaningful science or payload operations after one launch. For this reason, the POP will also be designed to be launched using Expendable Launch Vehicles (ELV's). Features of the Space Station Co-Orbiting and Polar Platforms are described that will allow them to be con-figured optimally to meet mission requirements and to be assembled, serviced, and modified on-orbit.


An increasing number of invasive insect pests has been observed in Eucalyptus plantations outside Australia. Among these, the eucalyptus weevils Gonipterus spp. are major insect pests. Both larvae and adults feed on foliage, causing tree growth reduction and consequent economic losses. An egg parasitoid, Anaphes nitens (Girault) (Hym: Mymaridae), is the unique biological control successfully established and regulating Gonipterus spp. in many regions. However, it shows low parasitism rates in particular areas where Gonipterus platensis has established such as at high altitude eucalypt stands in the Iberian Peninsula, with high economic value. In these cases, it urges to find complementary biological control agents. In 2016, we conducted an exploratory survey, to find parasitoids associated with the native Gonipterus populations, in Tasmania (Australia), which could be later used as biological control agents. We collected from eucalypts growing on road-sides, Gonipterus individualized egg pods. Whenever, both Gonipterus larvae and an adult parasitoid emerged from the same egg pod, we used a sister larva to identify the Gonipterus species using molecular tools. Both Gonipterus spp. and parasitoid distribution through the surveyed sites/locations was determined. A distribution map and a list of egg parasitoids found associated with Gonipterus species, is provided based on our collections. Further studies on Gonipterus larvae and larval parasitoids should also be evaluated to identify other suitable biological control agents to be released outside Tasmania against Gonipterus species.


Let K be the classical quaternion field over the field Q of rational numbers with the quaternion units 1, i, j, k, with relations i 2 = j 2 = − 1, k = ij = −ji. For a quaternion x ∈ K, we write its conjugate, trace and norm by and Nx, respectively. Put and consider the map h: A → B defined by


We report about a patient with esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis (EIP) who was referred to our department for further investigation of dysphagia. EIP is a rare, pathologically well defined disease, most frequently characterized by stricture-associated symptoms. The diagnosis of EIP is made by barium swallow and can be confirmed by endoscopy which shows typical diverticula-like changes of the esophageal wall.


Join us for the 3rd annual Highland Games and Celtic Gathering on June 9-11, 2017. Enjoy the aroma of Scottish, and local Eugene food trucks,… Find OR craft shows, art shows, fairs and festivals


e15522Background: Taxanes are an integral part of chemotherapy for a broad range of tumor types. The usual toxicities associated with Taxane use are peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression and musc...


Existence of a generalized solution to a strongly singular convective elliptic equation in the whole space is established. The differential operator, patterned after the (p, q)-Laplacian, can be non-homogeneous. The result is obtained by solving some regularized problems through fixed point theory, variational methods and compactness results, besides exploiting nonlinear regularity theory and comparison principles.


An attached paper is originally prepared for a publication with the title of "Brazilian Farmers at a Crossroads: Biotech Industrialisation of Agriculture or New Alternatives for Family Farmers?" which is based on the field surveys conducted by authors in August 2000, December 2001 and July 2002. Instead of rewriting it to fit the conference, we've decided to put this supplementary note on it aiming to clarify some relevant points at issue. * * * As already mentioned in the abstract circulated beforehand, a main point of this paper is that the GMO issues should be contextualised in ongoing realities not only at the global level, but rather the local level. The small soybean farmers, a major and averaged rural actor in the southern states of Brazil, are getting marginalised in the globalisation and industrialisation of agri-food system, at the same time they are faced with and entangled in the GMO politics. The dispute over GMOs in Brazil has been developed mainly among the elite actors; the federal government and multinationals on the one side, and Greenpeace and the IDEC, a domestic consumers' organisation on the other, while MST, a landless farmers' movement, also takes part in an anti-GMOs movement to some extent. But still, we believe that we need to address the local realities surrounding small family farmers who are prompted to respond the external realities as a matter of their business and live lihoods. Another point is that the role of an extension agency in organising and facilitating small family farmers to shift their farming from conventional (for export market) to agroecological (for local market) by adopting the participatory and educative approach. This extension agenda is not only implemented for the purpose of conserving natural resources, but also helping small family farmers stay in their farmland while keeping them away from the GMO contamination along with the competitive conventional market. The idea of agroecology itself is nothing new and has been already practiced locally all over the world, in many cases initiated by NGOs and rural community or farmers groups though. The experience in the state of Rio Grande do Sul above all is highlighted in our paper on the ground that public institutions (EMATER/RS, an extension agency, and the state and local governments) are playing a critical role contrary to prevailing sceptical views on institutional engagements in alternative development processes. Although our paper is not intended to disregard a broadly-


This paper describes the alternating direction explicit-latency insertion method (ADE-LIM) for the fast simulations of transmission lines. LIM is one of the fast transient analysis techniques for large networks. However, because this method is based on an explicit finite-difference method, it has a limitation of the time step size for the numerical stability condition similar to the finite-difference time-domain technique. On the other hand, the ADE method is one of the finite-difference methods and has advantages of less computational complexity and numerical stability. In this paper, we propose ADE-LIM as an improved method of LIM. This method can circumvent the above time step limitation problem because the method is based on the ADE algorithm. Numerical results show that ADE-LIM is about 3-3.5 times faster than LIM in the transmission line analyses with appropriate accuracy.


The adjustment principle of power distribution among parallel synchronous generators is briefly introduced,and a computer-based PID control system specialized for power distribution of power plant is proposed.It is validated by practice that this system is able to achieve an appropriate power distribution among parallel synchronous generators so as to ensure their long-term,stable and economical performances.


The Danube delta, at the border of the Black Sea in Romania, is Europe's second largest river delta. It is a heterogeneous assemblage of shallow lakes, channels and main river branches surrounded by vast wetland areas. Such systems have the potential to release large amounts of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. However, estimating CO2 and CH4 emissions from the delta's freshwater systems and identifying the controlling processes is challenging due to the delta's spatial complexity and seasonal dynamics.


We investigated whether N‐terminal and C‐terminal products of expressed in renal cell carcinoma/mesothelin (N‐ERC and C‐ERC) in peritoneal effluent can predict peritoneal permeability in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).


In this work, novel monolithic carbon aerogels obtained by using a polymer template method were characterized and evaluated for their applications in the hydrogen and deuterium adsorption capacity. The properties (i.e., surface area, pore size distribution, hydrogen and deuterium adsorption capacities, etc.) of the carbon aerogels were affected by the polymer templates. The results showed that the carbon aerogel with the molar ratio of polyacrylic acid (PAA) to zinc chloride (ZnCl2) being 0.75:40 was featured the highest surface area (1806 m2/g) and had the highest hydrogen adsorption capacity. Moreover, the deuterium adsorption capacity of the carbon aerogel was to be further elucidated.


Evaluation of the Equations of Prediction of the Basal Metabolic Tax in Resident Active Men and Women in Brasilia, DF, Brasil. Introduction: The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) can be considered as the basic needs of the organism and can be responsible for 70% of one's daily total energy expenditure. The correct determination of it is essential to nutritional attention. To determine it, there are direct and indirect methods, that are not always accessible. That is the reason why equations were developed to calculate the BMR. However, a lot of studies have been shown that this equations can overestimate the results, specially for people living in Tropics. Goal: The aim of this study was to determine if the equations can be used in the population of Brasilia, Brasil. Methods: We used data obtained from 2006 to 2007, by indirect calorimetric. Individuals from both sex and aged 18 to 59 years were tested. Data was compared to the following equations: Harris e Benedict; Henry e Rees; FAO/WHO/UNU and Schofield. Results: We fond out that all the equations evaluated lower estimate data on a average from 2,91% to 14,08%. Discussion: The predictive equations, even when analyzed on a average and show lower differences, show big differences when analyzed individually. Conclusion: We conclude that the equations are not suitable for the population in study.


Radically improving passenger service is a main reason behind major capacity enhancement in Antwerp, Belgium's central rail station. Attention to architectural detail, a 26 m-deep atrium, and a 65-commercial unit shopping area complement changes to platforms and tracks. Shorter wait times and smoother movements of trains in and out of the station are anticipated. The author includes information on Intercity train service and stock replacement by European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) equipped locomotive-hauled sets. An insert describes problems associated with high-speed service in certain European nations.


Student Researcher: Kathelyn Larson, Mt. Edgecumbe High School Mentors: Dr. Timothy Hinterberger, WWAMI Biomedical Program; Emma Coleman, Smith College, Anchorage, Alaska Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) are transcription factors that regulate gene expression in skeletal muscle cells. In mammals, expression of the four genes that make up the MRF family, MyoD, Myf5, myogenin and MRF4, is largely confined to the skeletal muscle cell lineage. The frog Xenopus laevis is an attractive model system for studying MRF expression and the roles of these genes during embryogenesis. The embryonic cell populations that express these genes, particularly MRF4, are not, however, precisely known in Xenopus. Published in situ hybridization results have shown MRF4 mRNA in somites, but studies in our laboratory also show MRF4 expression in the anterior region, possibly in the eye primordia and the brain. To confirm this, we dissected embryos into ventral, anterior, and dorsal regions and assessed MRF4 mRNA from each region by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our results indicate that MRF4 is expressed in the anterior region at a level comparable to that found in the dorsal region where the somites are located. This suggests that MRF4 may be involved more broadly in cell differentiation in Xenopus laevis than it is in mammals. BACKGROUND


Summary Our job as music teachers is much broader than working with those few students who wish to follow in our footsteps. We must encourage and inspire all of the students involved in our programs. Still, given the power-ful influence that this survey attrib-uted to the high school music teacher, we must consider how we might iden-tify and nurture potential teachers more directly. Take the time to speak with interested and promising stu-dents about how much music teach-ing has meant to you. Telling them how personally and professionally rewarding it has been will certainly influence students in strong and posi-tive ways. Of course, the opposite is true as well. Music teachers who find their profession unrewarding and unsatisfying will likely communicate these feelings to students. We some-times get caught up in all the small things that our jobs require and forget the fundamental reasons we became music teachers. Passion for what we do is the most powerful tool for moti-vating all students, and it will strike a chord with those who see themselves in our shoes. College music educators must also play a greater role. One way we can help is to communicate regularly with high school teachers about students who have shown an interest in music teaching. In our clinics and outreach programs, we could build in opportu-nities for high school musicians to try their hand at conducting. We must also begin to talk to our college and university schools of music and our state organizations about better schol-arship support for music education majors. Millions of children's experiences with school music, now and in the future, depend on actions all of us take today. Good music teachers must be encouraged, nurtured, developed, and valued. All of us who currently teach must accept this responsibility We should not just assume that quali-ty music teachers will always be there. Talented young music students often have other abilities as well. Other pro-fessions, some more lucrative, com-pete for their interest. Active steps based on good information, such as the ones discussed above, might help encourage promising young students to commit to the enriching and rewarding profession of teaching music.


The effects of sand and organic matter on virus inactivation at low temperatures : Comparing models of constant and time-dependent inactivation while considering the uncertainty of measured virus concentrations


1 -Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid and its derivatives (Accs) have been extensively used as mechanistic probes and enzyme inhibitors as well as in the design and synthesis of conformationally constrained peptidomimetics. The constrained peptide analogues from Aces are relatively rigid and capable of capturing nucleophiles and electrophiles, which entails important changes in their reactivity and conformation.' Much synthetic effort has been devoted to achieving stereoselective and efficient syntheses of cyclopropane amino acids.'" Recently, we reported that 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of phenyldiazomethane to (Z)-2-phenyl-4-arylidene5(4H)-oxazolones to the stereospecific formation of trans-2,3-dia1yl-4-aa-5-phenyl-6-oxaspiro[2.4]hept-4-en-7-one.l These results prompted us to investigate the addition of aryldiazomethanes to substrate la-ld; apart from stereoselective aspects, the spiro compounds formed should be of interest as precursors for the synthesis of trans-2,3-diaryl1 -aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid derivatives and we now report our results in detail (Scheme


— Countries all over the world are going towards digitized society, where most of the services of the government to its citizen are delivered online or digitally. E-governance development is seen as an indicator of a country's development, and so every country is putting much effort in e-governance development. As per the United States E-Government Survey 2012, the steady improvement E-Government Development Index (EDI) score has led to a world average of 0.4877 as compared to EDI score 0.4406 in 2010, which reflects that countries in general have improved their online service delivery to cater to citizen needs. Most of the countries have begun to shift from decentralized single-purpose organization model of e-government to an integrated unified Whole-Of-Government (WOG) model, which supports and strengthens the service delivery with interconnected departments and divisions; and improved efficiency and effectiveness in public service delivery. There are lots of obstacles and challenges for achieving this. Low income and high population, higher illiteracy is some of the commonly found challenges. Countries with largest populace such as India, China, and Indonesia, these challenges are very intensive; even then, these countries are striving hard to excel in e-governance development. United States though not really falls in this category, but this country rank 3rd in the largest populace country list, and so exploratory studies on the e-governance initiatives are done on this country.


Abstract This contribution offers a new strategy, to augment the pH process control in a laboratory scale fermenter, based on inverse neural plant model. An integration term is introduced to improve the pure neural controller performance. This element, adjusted by a fuzzy system with respect to the control error, operates in parallel with neural controller to ensure offset-free performance in case of system uncertainties or model mismatch. Four fuzzy rules were applied to generate the integrator parameters. Experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of the fuzzy integrating term and the robustness of the proposed control system.


The importance of national states as an economic unit is descending following the process of economy globalization,and multinational company turns out to be the main organization carrier and the decision-making power decentralized to city since the 1970s.International completion among states materialized to city-centered regional completion,and city became the crucial actor in global governance system.As the organization node,world city constructed an economic control and social-economic connection network system according to different function and status in global production process.The paper deemed that under the guide of social network theory,based on the drawbacks of world city/global city and inter-city research of world city system,world city network research started with relational perspective,and discovered the inter-city relationship and the dynamic of world city network formation with quantitative analysis by infrastructure approach,corporation approach and social culture approach.The paper deemed world city network research as the response of academic studies to the effects of world city on transformation of information and communication technology,corporation organizations and global governance patterns.In conclusion,the paper discussed some reference and inspirations to related research fields in China on orders of inter-city relation,spatial organization logic,production and collection of relational data,spatial scales and types of urban economy.


The utility model relates to a wall board used for constructions, in particular to a light-weight partition wall board, which comprises a high strength cement board which forms a main body of the light-weight partition wall board and consists of an upper layer board, a lower layer board, a left lateral board and a right lateral board, wherein fiberglass gridding cloth is arranged inside the high strength cement board, cement reinforcing ribs are mounted between the upper layer board and the lower layer board, flame-retardant polystyrene foam is filled between the cement reinforcing ribs and the high strength cement board, the end surface on each of the outer side of the upper layer board and the lower layer board is sequentially provided with a groove and a chamfer, and an embedded part is respectively disposed on the left lateral board and the right lateral board. The light-weight partition wall board has the advantages of enhancing strength between cement boards, improving thermal and sound insulation effects, increasing stability of wall board connection, eliminating slits produced in wall body connection by welding the embedded parts and the like.


Worldwide there are an increasing number of long urban road tunnels being considered, planned and constructed. Many of these tunnels are twin tube, have a gradient of 1 percent or more and normally operate with single-direction traffic flow in each tube. A new concept has been proposed for ventilating these tunnels using the natural longitudinal flow provided by the vehicles using them.


SUMMARY We propose a rootkit installation method inside a GPU kernel execution process which works through GPU context manipulation. In GPU-based applications such as deep learning computations and cryp- tographic operations, the proposed method uses the feature by which the execution flow of the GPU kernel obeys the GPU context information in GPU memory. The proposed method consists of two key ideas. The first is GPU code manipulation, which is able to hijack the execution flow of the original GPU kernel to execute an injected payload without a ff ecting the original GPU computation result. The second is a self-page-table update execution during which the GPU kernel updates its page table to access any location in system memory. After the installation, the malicious pay- load is executed only in the GPU kernel, and any no evidence remains in system memory. Thus, it cannot be detected by conventional rootkit detec- tion methods.


This paper investigates international stock market index return predictability using option-implied information (SP500, DAX, FTSE, CAC, and SMI). We document at a daily frequency the predictive power of several forward-looking variables such as the variance risk premium and the Foster-Hart (FH) risk measure. Our results suggest that the variance risk premium is a significant predictor of returns at a daily frequency. Out-of-sample forecasts also show explanatory power for return horizons of less than one month, which could not be investigated using the typical monthly estimates. The FH measure also has significant forecasting power. Moreover, our results show that VRP and FH are complementary: the former best explains short term returns (daily to monthly) and the latter, longer horizon returns (monthly to yearly). While higher-order risk-neutral moments are often significant in-sample, they show less predictive power once VRP and FH are introduced in the model.


In this work, a comprehensive study of the molecular spectroscopy of vinyl chloride is reported. A high resolution VUV photo absorption spectrum of vinyl chloride has been measured using a synchrotron radiation in the range (5 11) eV (115 > λ > 250) nm. The excited Rydberg states of vinyl chloride were calculated using a software program. The photolysis has also been investigated to give an estimate of the life time in the atmosphere. Introduction Research in the area of molecular excited electronic states covers a broad field of endeavour, touching as it does many aspects in spectroscopy, dynamics/kinetics, photo-dissociation, and chemical reactions (1). Vinyl Chloride is a highly volatile molecule that exists as a gas at Standard Temperature and Pressure; for this reason, occupational exposure to Vinyl Chloride Molecule (VCM) occurs primarily through inhalation. Vinyl chloride is most commonly released into the environment as gas emissions or wastewater from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic manufacturing plants. Liquid vinyl chloride evaporates easily into the air. Vinyl chloride, if it is near the surface of soil or water, can also evaporate. Vinyl chloride in the air can break down within a few days to other substances, some of which can be harmful. Small amounts of vinyl chloride can dissolve in water. Vinyl chloride formed from the Rydberg states and Molecular PhotoAbsorption... 47 breakdown of other chemicals can enter groundwater. Vinyl chloride is unlikely to build up in plant, animal, or aquatic life. The independent scientific community has recognized VCM as a multi-potential carcinogen for almost thirty years and it is recognized as a potent cause of a wide variety of cancers arising in various organs of the body, both in humans and in animals. These cancers are not at all limited to vinyl chloride's "signal neoplasm," an giosarcoma of the liver, whose very existence in a given population strongly implies a larger occupational cancer risk caused by vinyl chloride. Most vinyl chloride is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic and vinyl products (2). Acute (short-term) exposure to high levels of vinyl chloride in air has resulted in central nervous system effects (CNS), such as dizziness, drowsiness, and headaches in humans. Chronic (long-term) exposure to vinyl chloride through inhalation and oral exposure in humans has resulted in liver damage. Cancer is a major concern from exposure to vinyl chloride via inhalation, as vinyl chloride exposure has been shown to increase the risk of a rare form of liver cancer in humans. It has been classified vinyl chloride as a Group A, human carcinogen. H Cl \ / C = C / \ H H Fig. ( 1 )The molecular structure of Vinyl chloride (C2H3Cl) Despite being an atmospheric pollutant, vinyl chloride ~VC, C2H3Cl) has been widely used in the industry for poly ~vinyl chloride production (3). The understanding of its photochemistry and spectroscopy is therefore very important. The purpose of this experiment is to measure cross-section for the photo ionisation of ions as a function of photon energy, and also to determine the Rydberg states for the molecule vinylchloride through the use of Synchrotron radiation. The Syncrotron radaition provides an excellent source of photons for photo absorption experiments. The emission is entense and extends over a contiuous energy range. Further more the light is highly colimated and completely polarised in the plane of the stoage ring (4). The emission of synchrotron radiation is the product of the acceleration of charged particle. In a synchrotron radiation source (SRS), the charged particles are electrons and the key acceleration is initiated by strong magnetic fields. The applied magnetic fields are perpendicular to Anwar Mustafa Ezzat Al-Faydhi 48 the pulse velocity so electrons fellow arced trajectories. The intensity of the radiation output of an SRS is proportional to the square of the electron velocity. Theory The features of the spectra can be labelled by calculated assignments representing Rydberg series. These calculations are taken place from the Rydberg formula: 2 ) ( . . δ − − = n R E I En ....................................... (1) Where En is the energy of the experimental band of the spectrum , I.E. is the ionization limit of the series , R is the Rydberg constant , n is the principle quantum number , and δ is the quantum defect which assigned in this work . However, it is also possible that Rydberg transitions may not be sharp and therefore not easily fit to the above equation. Broad transitions might also be valence transitions, and Robin notes that researchers at one time had a propensity to assume that any broad transition was a valence transition. In the vacuum-ultraviolet, valence and Rydberg states are much more likely to mix than they are in the quartz-ultraviolet. Rydberg states can be defined as those which fit Eq. (1) and whose wave functions are appropriate to generate such a series. Excitation energies are often reported as the difference between the Rydberg state and the corresponding ionization limit; these are referred to as \term values" in this context. For theoretical work, it may be more desirable to compute these term values than the actual excitation energies because the Rydberg state should look more like the ion than the ground state; orbital relaxation and correlation effects are more likely to cancel. While any particular valence transition may also fit Eq. (1), it will not belong to a series with increasing quantum number n. An electron in a polyatomic molecule will fit such a formula if it is very diffuse, so that the core appears as a point charge. Of course this will never be entirely true, so the parameter ± is added to correct for the extent to which the distant electron penetrates the core. The ground state of an atom may have an electron with a large radius and may thus be referred to as a Rydberg state; for neutral polyatomic, this never happens. Rydberg transitions may be split by core asymmetries, but the splittings decrease with increasing n because the core becomes better modelled as a point charge as the electron radius increases. For second-row atoms and molecules, the general trends in δ are: ns: Penetrate the core to a large extent; δ ~ 1. Rydberg states and Molecular PhotoAbsorption... 49 np: Penetrate to a moderate extent; δ ~ 0.6. nd: Hardly penetrate the core; δ ~ 0. For lower rows of the periodic table, more general rules are required. A Rydberg orbital will be non penetrating ( δ ~ 0) if the core does not contain any occupied orbitals of its symmetry. Mulliken refers to such core orbitals as "real precursors". Hence δ ~ 0 for, e.g., 2p, 3d, and 4f. (5) Experimental Apparatus The experiment was held in the Daresbury Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS) fig. (2). A synchrotron is a source of radiation that provides a continuum of photons from infrared to X-ray energies. The main features of a synchrotron emission spectrum are that the intensities are many orders of magnitude higher than conventional light sources ( 8 ) . Fig.( 2 ) Schematic layout of the Daresbury SRS The SRS offers a large mix of experimental facilities which deliver radiation with wavelengths extending from the infrared to hard X-rays. Synchrotron radiation is a very efficient source of light due to its high beam brilliance and excellent collimation. It has been previously applied as radiation source to the study of photochemical reactions on polymers (6). The SRS is a 2GeV electron storage ring, operated solely for the Anwar Mustafa Ezzat Al-Faydhi 50 provision of synchrotron radiation (synchrotron light) for multiple simultaneous user experiments. It routinely operates at high circulating currents (150-250mA) and long lifetimes (>24 hours), typically providing 4,500 hours per year of user beam with outstanding stability and reproducibility. The UV beam , fig. ( 3 ) , passes through a simple static gas cell with an absorption path length of 25 cm and the transmitted intensity It measured at 0.05 nm intervals using a photo multiplayer detector ( 500 Volt operating voltage ). The transmitted light intensity , as well as the sample pressure ( measured on an MKS 390HA Baratron capacitance manometer ±0.1 % ) . Fig. (3) Schematic diagram of the VUV beam line The typical resolution was ~0.075 nm. The sample cell is then evacuated and the radiation transmitted through the empty cell Io is recorded. The absolute photo absorption cross section was calculated using the attenuation Beer – Lambert law : ) exp( x n I I o σ − = ........................................... (2) With n is the target gas number density, σ is the absolute photo absorption cross section of the molecular species and x is the path length (7). The Results The VUV photo absorption cross section for Vinyl Chloride (C2H3Cl) using special program (9 and 10) is shown in fig. (4). Rydberg states and Molecular PhotoAbsorption... 51 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 Wavelength (nm) C ro ss -S ec tio n Fig. ( 4 ) The VUV photo absorption cross section for Vinyl Chloride The spectrum feature a large number of fine structure, these structure have been tentatively assigned to members of Rydberg series converging to the ionization energy ( 9.99 eV ) as in table ( 1 ), using equation ( 1) . The assignments of the Rydberg states for Vinyl Chloride were calculated using a special software program written for this research. Energy of the experimental band of spectrum Assignment 6.782 3s 6.930 3s 7.415 3p 7.453 3p 7.493 3p 7.667 3p 7.710 3p 7.778 3d 7.867 3d 7.919 3d 8.061 3d


The propagation of short light pulses through advanced photonic structures like photonic crystals is influenced by the interplay of various physical mechanisms, for instance by the strong material dispersion and the low group velocity. To study the complex interplay between different mechanisms as pulses propagate through a structure, local time-resolved measurements are crucial.


The embodiment of the invention discloses an adjusting method and device for a CPU frequency adjustment mode in a terminal. The method comprises the steps that when a scene triggered by a start-up operation of an application program is detected to enter an event, and a current scene course package corresponding to the scene entering the event is obtained; the CPU frequency adjustment mode in the terminal is adjusted according to the obtained current scene course package and a prestored frequency adjustment mode list. By obtaining the course package and the prestored frequency adjustment mode list, the adjustment of the CPU frequency adjustment mode in the terminal is achieved, the adjustment technology of an existing frequency adjustment mode is optimized, the power dissipation of the moving terminal is lowered, and the performance of the moving terminal is improved.


KT15 3NB CHORIOPTIC mange of sheep has not been identified in Britain since the late 1960s (Kirkwood and Littlejohn 1970) and was thought to have been eradicated as a result of compulsory dipping for the control of Psoroptes ovis (Bates 2000). Chorioptic mites feed on epidermal debris and can cause exudative dermatitis of woolless areas of the lower limbs and poll of both sexes of sheep, and of the scrotum of rams. Chorioptic mange of sheep has been reported from most countries around the world. In New Zealand, Chorioptes bovis commonly causes 1 to 2 mm diameter scab-covered erythematous lesions which can rapidly progress to severe mange, affecting the entire lower half of the scrotum of rams (Crawford and others 1970). The skin lesions are believed to be associated with a hypersensitivity reaction (Heath 1978). Severe mange affecting more than one third of the scrotum can raise the temperature of the testes (Rhodes 1976) and cause seminal degeneration and reduced fertility (Rhodes 1975). During late winter 2000, superficial exudative fissured lesions of the scrotal skin (Fig 1) were found in a group of 18 housed Suffolk rams. In some animals, handling of the scrotum initiated a nibbling response. In one adult ram, extensive pruritic areas of hair loss, skin thickening, exudation and scab formation were present above the coronary band and around the accessory digits of the pelvic limbs (Fig 2). Similar 2 to 5 mm diameter lesions were found over the lower pasterns. Less extensive pruritic lesions were identified over the lower pelvic limbs of a further six animals. Superficial skin scrapings from the limbs and scrotal lesions ofsome animals yielded small numbers of about 0-25 to 0-5 mm ovalshaped mites. The mites were identified as Chorioptes species by the rounded mouthparts, short unjointed pedicels and bell-shaped suckers (Fig 3). During the previous three years, chemical control of ectoparasites in the flock had been limited to the strategic use of cyromazine (Vetrazin Pour-on; Novartis Animal Health) for the management of blowfly strike. None of the ectoparasiticides currently available in Britain is licensed for the treatment or prevention of chorioptic mange in sheep, but doramectin at a dose of 300 [g/kg is effective in the treatment of P ovis (Bates and others 1995). Overseas, treatment and control of scrotal mange is usually achieved by topical application of an organophosphate dip, although there are anecdotal reports that long-acting endectocides may be effective (West and others 1999). A preliminary observational study was therefore conducted to assess the value of doramectin for the treatment of scrotal mange. Nine animals were treated with an intramuscular injection of 300 [tg/kg doramectin (Dectomax Injectable Solution for Cattle and Sheep; Pfizer) and nine animals were untreated controls. The extent of the scrotal skin lesions was scored before treatment (day 0) and on three occasions after treatment (days 13, 20 and 32). Superficial skin scrapings from a 2 cm2 area over the lower third of the scrotum were examined on six occasions (days 0, 1, 4, 13, 20 and 32) for the presence of chorioptic mites. Single punch biopsies from the scrotal skin of two untreated animals showed moderate serocellular crusting with neutrophils and moderate parakeratosis. Acanthosis, spongiosis and intracellular oedema and foci of mononuclear FIG 1: Exudative crusts and haemorrhagic fissures of the scrotal skin