ABSTRACT This article investigates Black moviegoing in the United States during the silent film era. In existing scholarship, African American moviegoers tend to be discussed with reference to race movies – that is, independent films featuring all-Black casts. However, even during their heyday, race movies were in limited supply and could not compete directly with the dominant, vertically integrated Hollywood film studios. Thus, using data gathered from film programmes of Harlem's Black cinemas in the 1920s – reconstructed primarily through Black newspapers New York Age and New York Amsterdam News – the article discusses the popularity of Hollywood films among Black spectators. If Black viewers were not embedded in the newly institutionalised white fan culture – consuming screen narratives that representationally marginalised them – then what were the parameters of their engagement? Drawing on fan magazines, social surveys, and established literature on African Americans as consumers of mainstream culture, this piece interrogates the pleasures of cinema as articulated by Black viewers.


AIM
Neonates in NICU (especially when premature) are particularly prone to skin damage by action of external aggressive conditions such as chemical, physical, infectious, radiant, mechanical and iatrogenic factors. Strategies for avoiding disruption of the skin barrier are thus highly needed in such patients.

METHODS
We evaluated the effectiveness of a acetate tocopherol (AT) ointment for topical use in 21 neonates admitted to our NICU and affected by neonatal abstinence syndrome with severe diaper exulcerative and erosive erythema with ulcer and granulation tissue at the bottom of the lesion (group A), and compared them to 19 matched neonates affected by the same condition and treated with a commonly used skin ointment (emollient type, water-in-oil category) (group B). For all newborns we calculated: the dermatological severity score (using a clinical score from 0 to 9 points according to the increasing severity of the lesions) at time 0, 4 and 7 days; the mean days for achieving complete recovery; the rate of therapeutical failures.

RESULTS
Mean score at day 0 was 7.8 in group A vs 7.9 in group B (P=0.35 NS). At day 4 it was 4.6 in group A vs 6.5 in group B (P=0.03), at day in 7 it was 3.1 in group A vs 5.2 in group B (P=0.04). A complete recovery with restitutio ad integrum occurred after 9.1 mean days in group A vs 12.2 mean days in group B (P=0.04). The rate of therapeutical failures was significantly lower in group A (4.2% vs 30.6%; OR 0.235; P<0.01) than in group B. No adverse effects related to AT use were reported.

CONCLUSIONS
AT in our experience proved to be safe and more effective than the commonly used skin ointments in the topical treatment of exulcerative skin lesions in NICU neonates.


The Anshanguan Tunnel on National Road 107 is 512 meters long,whose entrance and exit are shallowly embedded and characterized by unsymmetrical loading.It contains abundant water,weathered wall rock,and accumulated gravel,which makes the entry extremely difficult.To resolve the difficulties,New Ao method was used in tunnel designing,and a variety of new auxiliary technologies were applied in tunnel construction.As a result,safety has been ensured.


The Coulomb approximation (CA) has long been regarded as a useful tool for rapid estimates of line strengths, absorption oscillator strengths, and spontaneous transition probabilities of the lighter multi-electron atoms and ions, in situations where large quantities of atomic data are required for the analysis of spectroscopic measurements from a variety of plasma sources, in particular interesting stellar objects (e.g. white dwarf stars) and magnetically confined fusion plasmas. This applies especially in cases where the plasma is spatially inhomogeneous, and produces several ionisation stages of the same impurity element, emitting copious radiation in bound–bound transitions from cascade processes following charge-exchange recombination. While more advanced theoretical methods are routinely used by the specialist, the CA provides a very convenient method of checking atomic data chosen by the experimentalist from extensive compilations through the internet, or by the use of machine codes provided by others. The origins, advantages and shortcomings of the method are described and discussed, as well as convenient modifications thereof, which may readily be implemented for these purposes. Particular attention is paid to the choice of electron coupling of states in which the optical electron has a large orbital angular momentum ( ℓ ≥ 3 ) . The text is illustrated by numerous examples of application to spectra of practical interest from astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.


Objective  Lithium has been reported to increase radioactive iodine (RaI) doses in benign thyroid disease and in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). It is not known whether lithium influences the outcome of RaI therapy in DTC. We therefore studied the clinical effects of RaI without and with lithium carbonate in patients with proven metastatic DTC. Controversy also exists on the mechanism by which lithium increases RaI dose in DTC. We performed an in vitro study specifically aimed at examining the effects of lithium on the sodium iodide symporter (NIS).


Black and white photo of details of a building comprising 3 maisonettes at 216 Domain Road, South Yarra. It was designed by Marcus Martin, and was owned in 1936 by Mr Tristan Buesst. Featured: entrance porch to lots 2 and 3.


Introduction: Epidural administration of α -2 adrenergic agonist is associated with sedation, analgesia, anxiolysis, hypnosis and sympatholysis. Clonidine has been used successfully over the last decade for the said purpose and the introduction of dexmedetomidine has further widened the scope of α -2 agonists in regional anaesthesia. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical profile and efficacy of two alpha 2 agonists dexmedetomidine and clonidine when administered epidurally as an adjuvant to Bupivacaine in patients undergoing elective infraumbilical and lower limb surgeries. Methods: A prospective randomized double blind controlled study was planned. 60 patients of ASA I & II physical status aged between 18-60 yrs who underwent elective infraumbilical and lower limb surgical surgery from 1 st of January 2019 to 31 st of November 2020 and satisfying all the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study and were randomly allocated into two groups. Group


The mechanism of the shift of the jump (toward the increasing wavelengths) in the intensity of the ion recombination radiation is studied, in the framework of an effort to determine the density of hot laser plasma from the continuum X-ray emission. The shifts of the jump were detected in an experiment in the wavelength region of 4.5-6 A; several previous results in this wavelength region are included and discussed. Observed shifts agree with calculations which indicate that the average plasma density in the region between the critical density and the ablation surface increases with increasing target aspect ratio. 8 references.


Objective To observe the effects of intensive insulin treatment on the prognosis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) patients.Method From July 2005 to July 2007,65 patients with MODS from Department of Intensive Care Unit,the Second Hospital of Jilin University were randomly divided into two groups:intensive insulin therapy group(n=31)and control group(n=34).Intensive insulin treatment group received insulin by intravenous injection in order to maintain blood glucose levels at 4.0~6.1 mmol/L,while the control group received routine insulin treatment in order to maintain blood glucose levels at 10.0~11.0 mmol/L.The mortality in hospital,incidence of nosocomial infection and time of mechanical ventilation were observed in two groups.Results After the intensive insulin therapy,the mortality in hospital,incidence of nosocomial infection and time of mechanical ventilation were significantly lower than in control group(P0.05).The prognosis of MODS patients was significantly improved.Conclusions Intensive insulin therapy might reduce the complications and mortality,improve the prognosis in the patients of MODS.


The traditional concept mapping method developed for English causes problems in other languages. These problems are mostly caused by the limitation of the traditional concept mapping method in representing the complete meaning of the proposition compared with the natural language. This study investigates an alternative method to construct a concept map of a proposition that contains adverbial phrases or clauses that are difficult to make sense of with the traditional method. The study results in an alternative concept mapping method for the propositions which is easier to construct and has a clearer meaning than the traditional one. We also developed an online concept mapping program which can construct a concept map using the newly derived method. We applied the new concept mapping method and program to seniors at the university. The result was that 73% of the participants preferred the newly developed method for presenting adverbial phrases or clauses, and in reading, 79% of the participants preferred the new method to the old one.


Hall measurement is an effective means to measure carrier density and mobility in metals and semiconductors. This work examined the carrier mobility determined in the accumulation layer of organic field-effect transistors (OFETS) and proposed a method to explain data taken from rubrene single-crystal devices. The model was used to extract information on the trap states and the properties of the transport layer at different temperature.


This article describes the microscale preparation of modafinil, a pharmaceutical recently approved for the treatment of narcolepsy, by a sulfide oxidation reaction. The synthesis is straightforward and appropriate as part of a midlevel undergraduate organic laboratory. An unusual feature of modafinil is the presence of a chiral sulfoxide functionality where a sulfur atom acts as a stereocenter. This apprises students that atoms other than carbon can act as centers of chirality. The diastereotopic nature of protons adjacent to the sulfur stereocenter can be identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and functional group changes monitored by IR spectroscopy. The nature of modafinil and its role in society as an anti-narcoleptic is a source of attraction and fascination among undergraduates.


Abstract: Nationality is explained as a political relation of private individuals with governments which on the one hand has basic role in authority arena of governments and on the other hand has essential role in benefiting people of some rights and commitment to some assignments. In this regard and in nationality arena, women status is more complicated than men status because the marriage and binary nationality of it or forcible naturalization due of this legal establishment as forcible phenomena of marriage at different legal structures has placed the women status in especial position. This has two descriptions. These descriptions can have negative effect on individual operation of legal due to nationality and also can increase the possibility of cheating into law for women especially in legal systems which accept temporary marriage (like the legal system of Iran). In types of marriage, the nationality status of women has been encountered to uncertainties and questions. In this base, legal systems of different countries sometimes do have to independence of nationality and sometimes vote to the unity of nationality and the necessity of woman's nationality of man's nationality. In this article, we try to describe the challenge of woman's nationality in both legal systems of Iran and United States of America and finally evaluate the success and the failure of each of them.


This paper proposes an MIMO channel model under the environment of high-speed railway, based on the radio propagation around high-speed railway and the MIMO scattering wireless channel model, then emphasizes the construction of the modeling. The simulation results show that the spatial correlation consistently decrease with the increasing antenna spacing, which extends the research field of the MIMO channel modeling.


Optics is an enabling science that has far ranging importance in many diverse fields. However, many students do not find it to be of great interest. A solution to this problem is to train teachers in active learning methodologies so that the subject matter can be presented to generate student interest. We describe a workshop to present an example of an active learning process in Optics developed for training of teachers in developing countries (a UNESCO project) and will focus on 2 two different activities: 1. Interference & diffraction is considered by students as being very hard to understand and is taught in most developing countries as purely theoretical with almost no experiments. Simple experiments to enhance the conceptual understanding of these wave phenomena will be presented and 2. Image formation by the eye. Here we will discuss myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism as well as accommodation. In this module we will discuss image. The objective of the workshop will be to provide an experience of the use of the active learning method in optics including the use of experiments, mind's on & hands-on exercises, group & class discussions


This paper proposes an efficient nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) framework to solve nonconvex lithium-ion battery trajectory optimization problems for battery management systems (BMS). It is challenging to solve these problems online due to complexity and nonconvexity. To address these challenges, we combine four established techniques from the control literature. First, we represent the single particle model (SPM) using orthogonal projection techniques. Second, we exploit the differential flatness of Fick's second law of diffusion to capture all of the dynamics in one electrode using a single scalar trajectory of a "flat output" variable. Third, we optimize the above flat output trajectories using pseudospectral methods. Fourth, we employ the NMPC strategy to solve the battery trajectory optimization problem online. The proposed NMPC framework is demonstrated by solving 2 optimal charging problems accounting for physics-based side reaction constraints and is shown to be twice as computationally efficient as pseudospectral online optimization alone.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


We investigate the implications of ambiguity aversion for performance and regulation of markets. In our model, agents' decision making may incorporate both risk and ambiguity, and we demonstrate that nonparticipation arises from the rational decision by some traders to avoid ambiguity. In equilibrium, these participation decisions affect the equilibrium risk premium, and distort market performance when viewed from the perspective of traditional asset pricing models. We demonstrate how regulation, particularly regulation of unlikely events, can moderate the effects of ambiguity, thereby increasing participation and generating welfare gains. Our analysis demonstrates how legal systems affect participation in financial markets through their influence on ambiguity. The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com., Oxford University Press.


Background:At adolescence phase occurs physically changes rapidly which is not balanced with psychological changes This considerable change can confuse adolescent who experience it, so they need understanding, guidance, and support for the surrounding environment. Youth knowledge about adolescent reproductive health is still very low. Inadequate knowledge of puberty will make adolescents to have wrong attitude and  have to be negative about sexuality.Based on the results of the study said that the role of peers influences premarital sexual behavior in adolescents.MTsN 1 and MTsN 2 Kota Bandung were partners in this IbM activities. Based on preliminary studies,their students's knowledge was still lacking in terms of adolescent reproductive health.The aim of IbM activity was forming peer educator to increas life skills about adolescent reproductive health.
Method:The partner in this activity is young women and young men atMTsN 1 danMTsN 2 Kota Bandung. The method was provide knowledge about adolescent reproductive health through the formation and training of peer educator. Adolescent reproductive health booklets were given to the peer educator as a guide to carry out their roles.
Result:Increased knowledge of peer educators about adolescent reproductive health. Peer educators can carry out their role in providing information both in groups and individual discussions.
Conclusion:The results was peer educator has been formed in both partners and they have carried out their roles. Peer educator was formed as a place to discussion among peers related to adolescent reproductive health, so that it can increas life skills or positive behaviors related to reproductive health. This program should maintain independently and continuously


Radiative lifetimes of the B2Σu+(ν′ = 0) level in N2+, the C 3πu (ν′ = 0, 1, 2) levels in N2, the B1Σ+(ν′ = 0) and C1Σ+(ν′ = 0) levels in CO, and the B2Σ+(ν′ = 0, 1) levels in CO+ have been measured to be 60.4 ± 0.4, 40.4 ± 0.5, 40.6 ± 0.5, 38.5 ± 0.6, 23 ± 3, 2.2 ± 0.8, 53.6 ± 0.7, and 64.1 ± 0.8 nsec, respectively. The measurements were made by studying the time distribution of photons emitted in the decay of these levels after collisional excitation by a pulsed‐proton beam. The apparent lifetime of the levels was studied as a function of target pressure over a range 1–200 mtorr. Collisional quenching and resonance trapping were observed in varying degrees. The radiative lifetimes are derived from the extrapolated zero pressure relaxation rates, and ν′ ‐ progression transition probabilities are determined by using our measured B‐A and C‐A electronic branching ratios in CO, and the CO+ band strength measurements of Judge and Lee.


It is now more than three months since the pestilential cbolera has been reported among us. Has it swept over the land as an atmospberic influenza! Has it followed any definite track of the wind, or any regular direction of tbe compass? Has it been attended with any new or unusual atmosphleric phenomena? Has it followed any geological formation, or mineralogical peculiarities ? From the tertiaries of the London bason, up to the granitic series of Edinburgh, it bas appeared with strict impartiality. It lurked about in the fine weather of October, in the wet month of November, and at Christmas it was reported at Belfast, in Ireland, having taken ship from Glasgow. On board one of the emigrant sbips fromn Bremen, it has crossed the Atlantic to New York. All the western ports of our island, however, and all the Channel harbours, have been free from invasion. They have no extensive trade with Riga, Hamburgh, or any of the northern pest port8. More than three montbs ago we were told on authority that it might at any time be expected to jump out of any uncleaned cesspool, or undrained ditcb; all our villagers' pigs were forthwith ordered to be killed, for pigs and pigsties were voted "nuisances." Like the fabled "wandering Jew," this swarthy Asiatic was said to be out on bis travels through the land, and that he took lodgings in these appropriate localities. Ditches and cesspools'are quite as common at Liverpool as at Leith; quite as numerous at BrikTol as at Hull; yet, neither Liverpool nor Bristol have yet reported any cases, notwithstanding the stringency with wbicb reports are hunted after, and although three months bave elapsed since Hull received her first inmportation. The sbipping of Liverpool and Bristol rivals that of London and Leith, but the shipping all arrive with clean bills of healthfrom ports xot yet contaminated with cholera contagion. The secondary spread of the pestilence which is now begun will be marked by the appearance of cases at these western ports, as well as some of our inland towns, which are unfortunate enough to receive many infected tramps. Verbal quibbles about the meaning of contagion are worse thlan useless. Ouir great lexicographer defines contagion by the ternm infection. The terms are synonymous, for he equally defines infection by the word contagion. Contagious matter is either liquid, as in the small-pox vesicle, or solid, as in the dried pustule, or it may become diffusible in the aqueous vapour of the atmosphere. It then assumes the miasmatic state. Tbe emanations from the bodies of the sick are of this atmospheric character, and consequently become the sport of the winds, or remain hovering like a mist, when the air is stagnant or loaded witb. moisture. When the temperature favours decomposition or putrefaction, nearly all contagious increase in virulence. Syphilitic contagion appears never to spread atmospherically, though it must decompose, of course, as do all animal poisons. The poison of scarlatina, on the contrary, is highly diffusible; such appears to be the case with pe8tilential cholera. The contagion of this Asiatic scourge has now for many years been a fruitful topic of controversy in medical fraternities. Among the early practitioners of India who witnessed the first outbreak and successiveravages of this new plague in Hindostan, the analogies of the disease, to the more violent forms of the simple cholera, so accurately described by Sydenham, and ascribed by him to the atmospheric and epidemic conditions of the autumnal season, led them to lose siglht of the specific character of the new disease, which was at length discovered to be so completely suigeneris, as to deserve a more diagnostic name than that which they bave given to it. Looking upon it onlv as a climatorial development of the same disease, in a more aggravated form, they were content to call the one English, and the other Indian, cholera. No doubt India had often suffered from epidemic visitations of ordinary cholera, as England and other climates had done. The abundance of the fruit season, and the excessive temperature of the Indian summer, produced the common cholera of milder climates in an endemic form, and they were accustomed, before 1817, to observe occasionally the vomiting, the purging, the cra3mps, the collapse, and the death of many who were seized. But the occurrence of the new disease, during alt the seasons of the year, taking a definite course, with a far more fearful mortality, defying theordinary therapeutic means with which they were accustomed


1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Most of studies about housing demand estimation are based on the Mankiw-Weil's model to estimate the requirement of housing demand. But housing providers are impossible to determine the market demand, which can not reflect the consumer price preferences. Therefore, the purpose of this study is make procedure to estimate housing demand on price using PSM approach unlike estimation methodology.


Whole genome sequencing has enormous promise for improving health by gathering data from thousands of people and identifying mutations that cause disease, but privacy of individuals needs to be protected, a new report concludes.1

The report was produced by the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, which held four public hearings and took information from 18 federal agencies about their systems for safeguarding genetic and whole genome sequence data. The commission, which is chaired by Amy Gutmann, president of the University of Pennsylvania, offered recommendations for ensuring privacy and security as the field of genomics advances.

While society …


In narrative, plot exists on two levels: the plotting of the author, who creates the storyline; and the plotting of the characters, who set goals, devise plans, schemes and conspiracies, and try to arrange events to their advantage. The plotting of both author and characters is meant to exercise control: for the author, control over the reader, who must undergo a certain experience; for the characters, control over other char- acters and over the randomness of life. But sometimes the goals of the author are at odds with the goals of characters. The author needs to make the characters take par- ticular actions to produce a certain effect on the reader, such as intense suspense, cu- riosity, or emotional involvement; but acting toward this situation defies narrative logic, because is not in the best interest of the characters, or not in line with their per- sonality. In this article I propose to investigate two types of aesthetically deficient plot twists that arise from this conflict between author and character goals. One in- volves an active intervention by the author, an attempt to fix the problem through hackneyed devices; I call this "cheap plot tricks" (henceforth CPT). The other results from ignoring the problem, or covering it up, a strategy (or omission) that leads to what is known among film writers as "plot holes" (henceforth PH). Through this em- phasis on the kind of events that makes the sophisticated reader groan, I will be breaking away from the almost exclusively descriptive tradition of both classical and postclassical narratology, and I will adopt an evaluative stance closer to the prescrip- tive spirit of Aristotle's Poetics.


Although semi-definite relaxation (SDR) can be used to solve NP-hard, semi-supervised, graph-based binary classification problems, existing solvers for SDR generally consist of projection onto a positive semi-definite (PSD) cone that has high time complexityper iteration. A faster algorithm that solves graph-based binary classification problems with a sequence of linear programs based on Gershgorin Disc Perfect Alignment (GDPA) linearization does not require PSD cone projection, but the overall time complexity can still be as high as due to the requirement of solving multiple linear programs. In this paper, we propose a fast graph-based binary classification problem solver with only time complexity. We overcome the computation burden by further relaxation of SDR (RSDR). Specifically, we first derive an upper bound of the Shur complement of the last diagonal entry of the PSD classification matrix, and then derive a trivial solution of the dual of the semi-definite program (SDP) for the graph-based binary classification problem. The only time-consuming part of the proposed solver is the computation of the first eigenvector of the PSD classification matrix, where we adopt Locally Optimal Block Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (LOBPCG), that is known to have linear time complexity. Experimental results show that (i) our proposed RSDR performs on average faster than GDPA linearization based SDR across all experimented datasets with comparable classification error rates, and (ii) the unrolling version of our proposed RSDR that learns the PSD Mahalanobis distance metric matrix has fewer number of trainable parameters compared to conventional black-box networks, is up to faster than the unrolling version of GDPA linearization based SDR (SDR unrolling) in inference time, and has smaller average classification error rates compared to SDR unrolling.


Cholesterol is necessary for the conversion of Vibrio cholerae hemolysin (VCH) monomers into oligomers in liposome membranes. Using different sterols, we determined the stereochemical structures of the VCH‐binding active groups present in cholesterol. The VCH monomers are bound to cholesterol, diosgenin, campesterol, and ergosterol, which have a hydroxyl group at position C‐3 (3βOH) in the A ring and a C–C double bond between positions C‐5 and C‐6 (C–C Δ5) in the B ring. They are not bound to epicholesterol and dihydrocholesterol, which form a covalent link with a 3αOH group and a C–C single bond between positions C‐5 and C‐6, respectively. This result suggests that the 3βOH group and the C–C Δ5 bond in cholesterol are required for VCH monomer binding. We further examined VCH oligomer binding to cholesterol. However, this oligomer did not bind to cholesterol, suggesting that the disappearance of the cholesterol‐binding potential of the VCH oligomer might be a result of the conformational change caused by the conversion of the monomer into the oligomer. VCH oligomer formation was observed in liposomes containing sterols with the 3βOH group and the C–C Δ5 bond, and it correlated with the binding affinity of the monomer to each sterol. Therefore, it seems likely that monomer binding to membrane sterol leads to the assembly of the monomer. However, since oligomer formation was induced by liposomes containing either epicholesterol or dihydrocholesterol, the 3βOH group and the C–C Δ5 bond were not essential for conversion into the oligomer.


The antiviral activity of polysaccharides from diverse sources has been recognized for a number of years. In early studies1-3 the ionic charge of these polysaccharides was not considered to be important for the inhibitory effects. Within the last few years, however, numerous reports have shown that anionic polysaccharides and other polyanions have potent antiviral activity in vitro. These inhibitors may be either natural (biological) or synthetic compounds and their negative charges may be conferred by sulfate, phosphate, or carboxyl groups. Our interest in this class of viral inhibitors originated from a study of the behavior of two plaque-size mutants of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus? In brief, these studies revealed the presence of a viral inhibitor in agar that was identified as a sulfated polysaccharide. When used in the standard agar overlay plaquing procedure, it restricted the growth of the small, but not the large, plaque mutant of EMC virus. The inhibitory effect of agar was readily abolished by polycations that reacted with the polyanion in agar, and in such treated agar overlays, both plaque-type viruses formed plaques that were indisting~ishable.~ With the identity of the agar inhibitor established, it became evident that the sulfated polysaccharide in agar, as well as other polyanions, affected a large number of animal viruses. Among these are picornaviruses, arborviruses, myxoviruses, and herpes viruses. The occurence of resistant mutants, which has been observed with other antiviral agents, is also common with this class of inhibitors. In fact, in the case of certain virulent strains of polio virus, there appears to be a dependence on these polyanions for optimum growth and plaque production.0 Studies on the mode of action of these inhibitors have been concerned primarily with the extracellular interaction of virus and polyanion that might prevent virus adsorption to the penetration of host cells. In the case of EMC,' dengue," and herpesg-11 the extracellular inhibitory reaction was found to be reversible. Although most of the studies on the effects of these polyanions have been performed in in vitro cell culture systems, the problem of whether the cells are involved in the observed effects has not been extensively studied. In view of a number of reports by other investigators12-15 on the uptake of mucopolysaccharides by cultured cells, this question was investigated employing histochemical methods specific for demonstrating acid mucopolysaccharides in cells. The results of these studies, as well as the effects of sulfated polysaccharides on cellular and viral growth, are reported here.


We consider the group action of the automorphism group $\I_n=\aut(\Zz_n)$ on the set $\Zz_n$, that is the set of residue classes modulo $n$. Clearly, this group action provides a representation of $\I_n$ as a permutation group acting on $n$ points. One problem to be solved regarding this group action is to find its cycle index. Once it is found, there appears a vast class of related enumerative and computational problems with interesting applications. We provided the cycle index of specified group action in two ways. One of them is more abstract and hence compact, while another one is basically procedure of composing the cycle index from some \textit{building blocks}. However, those \textit{building blocks} are also well explained and finally presented in very detailed fashion.


Objective To study the relationship between plasma Tau protein and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene types in Alzheimer disease (AD).Methods The peripheral blood of 92 AD patients and 100 healthy controls were selected.The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP) was used for ApoE gene polymorphism analysis, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA) was selected for quantitative analysis of Tau protein.Results Compared with healthy controls [(5.2 ±4.1) pg/mL].Tau protein concentration in plasma increased in AD patients [ (21.3±4.6) pg/mL.P 0.01), especially in those carrying ApoEe4 allele [(21.3±4.6) pg/mL, P0.01].Conclusions Tau protein concentration is associated with ApoEe4 and it may be used as the biological indicators of early AD diagnosis.


An ensemble of experiments based on a 1⁄4° global NEMO configuration is presented, including tidally forced and non-tidal simulations, and using both the default z* geopotential vertical coordinate and the z ̃ filtered Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian coordinate, the latter being known to reduce numerical mixing. This is used to investigate the sensitivity of numerical mixing, and the resulting model drifts and biases, to both tidal forcing and the choice of vertical coordinate. The model is found to simulate an acceptably realistic external tide, and the first-mode internal tide has a spatial distribution consistent with estimates from observations and high-resolution tidal models, with vertical velocities in the internal tide of over 50 meters per day. Tidal forcing with the z* coordinate increases numerical mixing in the upper ocean between 30°S and 30°N where strong internal tides occur, while the z ̃ coordinate substantially reduces numerical mixing and biases in tidal simulations to levels below those in the z* non-tidal control. The implications for the next generation of climate models are discussed.


Circuit design courses in general, and microwave circuit design courses as a subspecialty, have been taught over many decades. It is relatively recently, however, that instructors have started experimenting with more modern approaches to in-class and out-of-class instruction. In our attempt to make instruction more effective we have turned to: a) utilizing classroom interaction systems and collaborative work in class, b) studio-like approach to labs where students are encouraged to explore a problem through design, simulation, building and testing of simple structures, c) makerspaces that enable full design-build-test-redesign cycle of fairly sophisticated designs, and d) systematic literature reviews for graduate students taking the courses. We describe our experiences in designing and implementing a sequence of two courses, present assessment data, discuss obstacles to student learning, and propose additional ways to improve student learning.


Fouling of high-efficiency polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film-type fills is a problem at many power plants in India. Investigations were carried out to ascertain the reasons for the severe fouling. This article presents details of the assessment and studies conducted to develop site-specific cleaning procedures and treatment programs for controlling fouling of cooling tower fills at the power stations.


Different manifold shapes of microchannel device are investigated for the pressure drop characteristics under the effect of varying microchannel depth, width and spacing. The response surface methodology is applied to optimise the operating conditions of different microchannel systems. Four operating parameters, the channel width, depth, spacing and the inlet Reynolds number are considered in this study. The individual effects of these operating parameters and the combined effects of multiple operating conditions on pressure drop characteristics are examined using CFD. The semi-elliptical manifold shapes results the high level of fluid flow uniformity within microchannels and lower pressure drop. The maximum percentage reduction in the pressure drop across the microchannel device is 70%, obtained for semi-elliptical manifold shape as compared to other. The heat transfer analysis is also carried out in the extent of the study.


Mailing II rootstocks were grown throughout 1960 in sand on nutrient culture solutions containing 1, 4 or 10 mg. equivalents of nitrogen as nitrate (referred to as N4, N10 rootstocks) and during that summer each rootstock was budded with the variety Lord Lamboume. The growth, flowering and fruiting performance of the resultant maiden shoots were recorded from bud break 1961 to fruit set 1962. Throughout this second period each tree was given only a minimum of nitrogen (Nx) except during a certain period of one or two months' duration, when it received a simulated fertilizer application (N10).The greatest amount of primary extension growth in 1961 took place on the maidens given supplementary nitrogen in June on the N1 and N4 rootstocks and in July on the N10. Secondary extension growth in 1961 was apparently induced by supplementary nitrogen given to the maidens on the N4 stocks in July and to those on the Nx in August.The highest number of fruit buds and blossoms in 1962 resulted from the June 1961 high-...


The external corrosion assessment of a typical offshore transportation system has been presented. Cathodic protection design was carried out for the pipeline and it was found that a bracelet square weld on anode of L = 195mm, G =101.6 mm, Thickness = 70mm, M = 149.75 kg, ∅ = 1.2235mm, N = 128 and s = 300mwas found to be satisfactory in providing secondary/ backup protection for the 48inchespipeline in the external environment provided. The external anticorrosion coating selected is the Three layer polyethylene (3LPE) coating based on the dimensions of the pipeline and the design temperature of 80°C. The 3LPE external corrosioncoating will comprise of an inner layer fusion bond epoxy, a middle layer: adhesive and an outer layer: High density polyethylene (HDPE) base with additives.


The invention discloses a household intelligent water leakage alarm system comprising a water leakage probe, a water leakage signal amplifier, a water leakage monitoring cable and a control module. The water leakage probe, the water leakage signal amplifier, the water leakage monitoring cable and the control module are electrically connected in sequence, one end of the water leakage monitoring cable is further provided with a holder and a camera, and the holder is electrically connected with an electricity leakage monitoring cable, the camera is arranged on the holder, an LCD display module, an alarm device, a wired network communication module and a GSM short message communication module are arranged on the outside of the control module, and the control module is electrically connected with the LCD display module. The household intelligent water leakage alarm system realizes dual monitoring, and is good in alarm effect and convenient and reliable in operation.


The moral function of social security has been ignored in the academic filed in our country,which does not mean it plays less important role in our society.Exploring social security in moral system,analyzing its content,its subject and its cultural origin,and focusing on its moral function,could help us to improve our recognition of its implications,constantly construct the moral platform for better understanding,and finally enhance the development of social security in our country.


With the rapid development of photovoltaic power generation technology, its participation in reactive power control of distribution network technology has been widely concerned. However, photovoltaic output has great volatility and randomness, which also brings challenges to the security and stability of distribution network reactive power regulation. Firstly, considering the topology of photovoltaic power generation unit and the demand response of the grid point, the reactive power model of distribution network including photovoltaic power generation is established based on source grid coordinated regulation. Then, on the basis of the above research, a source-grid cooperative photovoltaic reactive power double-layer regulation model was established. These include the upper-level control model responding to grid reactive power control demand, and the lower-level control model uses particle swarm optimization algorithms to allocate and control the upper-level demand for each photovoltaic power generation unit. Finally, based on IEEE33 distribution network model, it is verified that the proposed method can effectively solve the impact of photovoltaic output fluctuation on reactive power regulation and control of distribution network.


I n this short intervention, I will develop two points for the purpose of exploring how the Antarctic has been encountered and thought about in gendered terms. First, there is a general point to be made about the marginal role of women in the history of Antarctic exploration and discovery (Darlington 1956; Chipman 1986; Rothblum, Weinstock, and Morris 1998). While this is changing with growing numbers of women scientists working in the Antarctic, in general terms the polar continent remains one shaped by practices carried out by men. Second, as Lisa Bloom has noted, ideologies of gender have been used to exclude women while allowing men to perform in a world where human life is possible only with the help of artificial colonies (Bloom 1993, 6). Using the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) as a brief example, I examine how men in the immediate post-1945 period saw the Antarctic as a testing ground of manly character (Dodds 2002). A more general theme that emerges in this short essay is the gendered service performed by women in particular. Excluded from the ice until the 1960s and 1970s (at least in the case of overwintering as part of scientific parties), they were nevertheless invoked in terms of place naming and territorial conquest and later even encouraged to have babies in Antarctica. The implications of this highly gendered engagement with Antarctica are worthy of consideration because they touch upon how and with what consequences the polar continent has been settled and studied. This is a place, after all, where a predominantly male homosocial history of inhabitation had to be imported along with the material objects necessary for survival. By the 1940s, seven countries, including Great Britain and Australia, pressed territorial claims to the polar continent and Southern Ocean. Men, largely from the Euro-American world, overwhelmingly dominated the claiming, colonizing, and administrating of Antarctica. It was men who raised flags, planted signposts, issued proclamations, and constructed bases


Summary form only given. High power, pulsed gyroklystrons operating in the X, Ku, and Ka bands are being developed for driving future linear colliders. Various design aspects of two and three cavity, coaxial, relativistic gyroklystron systems are studied. Nonlinear simulations predict that over 40% efficiency, 45-50 dB gain, and 100-160 MW power levels are possible for the fundamental and second harmonic designs operating at 8.6, 17.1, and 35.0 GHz frequencies. Advance design features such as radial coupling slots in the input and output cavities and dielectric loading are studied using HFSS simulations. An improved three cavity, Ku band design will be presented based on these features. In addition, a possible implementation scheme for energy recovery using a single-stage depressed collector will be presented. It is shown that the energy recovery could boost the net device efficiency above 50%.


The transport properties of S(9) clusters sandwiched between gold electrodes are investigated with a combination of density-functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green's-function method. In general we find a rather large conductance both when the cluster is oriented with its symmetry axis parallel to the transport direction and when it is perpendicular to it. In both cases the transmission is dominated by several closely spaced and extremely broad cluster molecular orbitals so that the transmission coefficient is almost flat around the gold Fermi level. This is only marginally affected by the external bias so that the I-V characteristic remains almost linear at least up to 1 V and for both the orientations. Furthermore the electron transport is only little affected by the bond length between the cluster and the electrodes, with the largest sensitivity found for the perpendicular orientation. Our results are rationalized by analyzing the device density of states projected over the various molecular orbitals.


In Part I of this note, we argued that d/dX Action (where Action = Integral dt L, L being the Lagrangian) for a particle with constant velocity is p whether the classical L=.5mvv or the relativistic L=-mo sqrt(1-vv) (c=1) is used. Thus, a fluctuation or error of delta X leads to a change of (delta X) p in the Action. We tried to argue that this led to the form exp(ipx). In this note, we revisit this scenario. We argue that if one wishes to have a constant error due to a fluctuation/error in X in the Action regardless of p, then delta x = 1/p is a characteristic length. At first one may expect a relative error to be of interest, but we argue that a potential may knock a particle from one p value to another. In such a case, it may be useful to have the error, and not the relative error, remain constant. Thus, one already has a wavelength, but this suggests a periodic function to describe the error of the action throughout space, and there are many possibilities. A periodic function may have positive and negative values corresponding to positive and negative X fluctuations in a regular way. We ultimately argue that exp(ipx) is ideal and is also linked to spatial density through exp(-ipx) exp(ipx)=1. Thus, we argue that two ideas are involved. First, the idea of an error/fluctuation in the Action is used to develop the idea of a wavelength. Secondly, one tries to find a periodic function associated with the wavelength which is also linked to spatial density. Finally, one tries to generalize these ideas to the nonrelativistic case of potential present. This seems to present a statistical picture.


The first stage of SuperKEKB Phase III commissioning has finished in this July. The electron beam generated by RF gun is used for injection of High Energy Ring (HER). It is the first time to realize the full and continuous injection by RF gun at KEK. During these 4 months operation, any problem occurred in laser system and RF gun. Thanks to the reliable monitoring system in the current laser system, stable electron beam with low emittance is provided for HER injection with comparable low background. Meanwhile, the best laser injection status and electron beam generation status can be found by the precise control system. We demonstrated more than 5 nC electron charge by use of current laser system and RF gun. In order to realize high charge electron beam with low emittance and low energy spread, we will do temporal and spatial reshaping for laser in the following days. Another laser system is also under investigating for improving the quality of electron beam in the later stages of SuperKEKB phase III.


There are many factors in weather conditions affecting the output power of photovoltaic (PV) modules in the PV system. For better modelling the output of PV modules, it is necessary to analyze the input factors of the model, finding out the key factors or combinations that affect the output greatly. In this paper, sensitivity analysis was accomplished to analyze the input weather factors of PV modules precisely by combing Sobol algorithm and artificial neural network (ANN). First, the modeling of output power of PV modules was realized by ANN self-learning method with the help of experimental data. Then, a sensitivity analysis with Sobol algorithm was built to study the sensitivity of the change of output power for PV modules with the change of three input weather factors, including solar irradiance, module temperature, and air relative humidity, and obtain sensitivity coefficients of these weather factors. Finally, the welltrained ANN model with high fitting accuracy was utilized for Sobol sensitivity analysis, giving a reliable analyzing result of the weather factors.


The control of Ge surface roughness using deionized water (DIW) was systematically investigated. It was found that a very flat surface was obtained by pure-DIW dipping at room temperature, while quite a rough surface was observed at high temperature. The surface reaction model of Ge with H2O is proposed to explain the correlation of surface roughness (SR) formation with the etching process of Ge in DIW. In addition, the effects of SR on electrical properties in Ge/GeO2 stack such as capacitance–voltage (C–V) curves, interface state density, and electron mobility are presented.


PURPOSE: A steering wheel with biometric sensor which can measure the bio-signal of an operator is provided to steadily detect the bio-signal of a driver. CONSTITUTION: A steering wheel with biometric sensor comprises a outer shell member, a stud(5) and a washer. The outer shell member is a sheet shape covering the outermost of a steering wheel. The stud passes through from the outside of the outer shell member to the inner side in order to form a sensing projection. A head part locates outside the outer shell member. An insertion part is projected from the lower part of the head part and is inserted through the outer shell member. The washer is combined with the part of the stud which is penetrated in the inner side of the outer shell member.


Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is a well-developed deposition process that shows great promise for scaling up the production of high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) to quickly fabricate useful lengths of superconducting tapes and wires.The primary advantage of MOCVD is its potential for high tape throughput, a key factor in determining the cost of second-generation HTS tapes.This article details progress in long-length HTS tape fabrication, high-throughput processing, and techniques to improve critical current levels in high magnetic fields.


This paper deals with a new evaluation method of conically ground drill point geometry, aiming to develop a computer aided inspection system of it. In the proposed method. five geometrical parameters for the evaluation are derived from the kinematic relationship between the drill point and the grinding wheel when regrinding. The parameters are determined by mathematical model matching with the measured coordinates of many points on the flank surface. Various matching methods such as gradient methods and Genetic Algorithm are examined by numerical simulation. The results show that the combined method of Steepest Gradient Method and Genetic Algorithm is suitable for this matching from the viewpoints of calculation speed and accuracy.


A simple, rapid, sensitive and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the quantitative determination of urinary 6β-hydroxycortisol (6β-OHF) as a non-invasive indicator of drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in man. The urine (10ml) containing 6β-hydroxycortisone as an internal standard was loaded onto a Sep-Pak C18 column and eluted with ethyl acetate. The samples were analyzed on a Radial-Pak Nova-Pak C18 column, and the compounds were eluted with a mixture of 0.01 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate-acetonitrile-methanol (935 : 55 : 10) containing 0.005% trichloroacetic acid as a mobile phase and quantified by ultraviolet absorbance measurement at 243.5nm. The analytical recovery of added 6β-OHF was almost complete. The reproducibility assessed by repeated analysis was satisfactory, that is to say, the coefficient of variation ranged from 2.06 to 2.25% (within-run) and from 2.82 to 3.11% (between-run). In healthy adult subjects (23-41 years), the mean excretion rate of 6β-OHF was 214 μg/d (S.D.=41.4; n=10) and the mean ratio of 6β-OHF to 17-hydroxycorticosteroids was 0.0310 (S.D.=0.00662; n=10).The present HPLC method was found to be applicable to the routine assay of urinary 6β-OHF in clinical studies.


The emergence of text mining has enabled firms to understand the requirement of consumers in real-time by mining publicly available information from Internet. More and more researchers pay more attention to improving the methods of text mining and the role of text mining has become increasingly prominent. This paper introduces the use of text mining in article screening and classification to help graduate students select more valuable articles and quickly have a clear understand of research status and content. Using data from a popular Chinese database CKNI, we find that thousands of articles appear when we use keywords to search in the database and these articles are complex and disorganized. Our study provide a method to screen and filter these articles, and extract topics for each class. Our study has a great significance to the improvement of graduate students' research ability in a short time.


THE GEOCHEMISTRY Of MOLVBDENUM IN THE COASTAL AREA SOILS OF THE STATE OF PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL Eleven soil profiles of the typical soils of theregion known as "Zona Litoral-Mata" of the State of Pernambuco wero studied. Tho amount of molybdenum in the surface horizons ranges from 2.13 to 0.06 ppm with an average of 0.90 ppm. Most of the seUs are perfectly normal in respect of molybdenum content. The largest proportion of exchangeable molybdenum is tound in the surfacial horizon, probably adsorbed by the soil organic matter. By taking into account the pH and the oxtractable molybdenum, the soils studied were classified into two groups: 1. Deficient soils and 2. BoTderline soils. Index tenm:geochemistry, soils chemistry, soil fertility, minor elements, molybdenum Pcsq. agropec. bras, Brasilia, 13 (N ° 1): 73-91 1978


Starting from (001)-oriented 80-nm-thick SOI layer, V-grooves were engraved by anisotropic etching nature of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution. The gate stack consists of HfO2 dielectric film with SiO2 interface layer and TaN/poly-Si electrode films. Following to the gate patterning, ion implantation was processed, BF2 + at 15 kV and 2×10 15 /cm 2 for p-FETs and P + at 15 kV and 2×10 15 /cm 2 for n-FETs, respectively. Activation and diffusion of dopants was promoted by annealing at 1000 o C for 10 min. The devices were finally metallized and annealed in H2 gas at 400 °C for 30 min.


The National Perinatal Depression Initiative has provided the opportunity for us to work within a specialized multidisciplinary team at the Parent and Infant Mental Health Service (PIMHS). We work as mental health clinicians, balancing infant-focused, woman-centred care, to deliver parent-infant interventions informed by evidence. This innovative approach has highlighted specific areas that require further consideration. Contemporary health policies and guidelines highlight the role of the midwife as fundamental in identifying risk and initiating referral pathways, yet it is evident that there is a gap between ideal and actual service delivery. It is widely accepted that perinatal mental illness can impact negatively on the mother, infant and other family members, with immediate, long-term and intergenerational developmental consequences possible. Recent research has also demonstrated that women with untreated mental illness are at increased risk of obstetric complications during pregnancy and delivery. However, despite the identified adverse sequelae of undetected and undertreated peri-natal mental health disorders, many women do not receive the care they require. Research suggests that midwives perceive that they lack knowledge and competence in mental health care and that physical care assumes priority in many midwifery practice settings. Yet the relationship between a midwife and the childbearing woman and her family provides an ideal opportunity to identify risk and commence intervention that could ameliorate the woman's distress and change the trajectory of the infant's development. This poster will demonstrate the process of our exploration of the role of the midwife in perinatal mental health and  identify two areas for further development: A mental health education module for Bachelor of Midwifery students and research collaboration between Obstetrics and PIMHS to further integrate mental health and maternity.


The SBS grafted with acrylonitrile was studied in this paper.Effects of t he monmer ratio,amount of BPO,reaction time and temp erature on adhesive properties were discussed,and the low -toxicity adhesive with good pro perties for TPR was prepared.


Objective properly deal with open wounds to check and prevent scars from overgrowing and the producing of the keloids.Methods Treat the 118 cases of open wounds within soft tissues in the malxillofical region with debridement,skillful suture,and so on.Results All the patients recovered during the first period.Conclusion properly grasping every link of the trentment of open wounds within soft tissues can check and prevent scars from overgrowing and the producing of the keloids to the utmost.


The present invention includes a base film having flexible characteristics and; A lower number of metal wires provided on the base film and; The cover layer covers the plurality of copper wiring formed by exposing one end and the other end of the plurality of copper wires and; A first gold plating pattern formed on the one end and the other end of the plurality of metal wiring exposed to the outer cover layer and; Spaced with a plurality of grooves to a top of the base film including a predetermined width of the one end and the other end, and a plurality of metal patterns formed and; The flexible printed LED for backlight comprising two gold-plated circuit pattern substrate and a method of manufacturing a plurality of metal patterns formed on the surface, and provides a backlight unit having the same. The liquid crystal display module, LED, backlight, a flexible printed circuit board


It is noted that the introduction of cables with solid dielectric insulation and of modern splicing technology has imposed new standards and restrictions on cable testing and cable fault locating. The arbitrary use of high voltages and energies during DC, AC, and impulse testing of in-service power cables with solid dielectric insulation frequently programs the cables with defects which become faults after the cables are returned to service. The inadequacy of DC testing in determining the cables' AC breakdown strength, the danger of programming the cables with faults when DC and impulse testing at unnecessarily high voltages, and the advantages of very low frequency (VLF) testing and arc reflection methods (ARM) in locating cable defects and faults are presented. It is concluded that by establishing cable fault locating and cable testing guidelines for cable with solid dielectric insulation, which incorporate current research and available technology, utilities can realize substantial savings in cable replacement, cable rehabilitation, and work force budgets.<<ETX>>


EDITOR—Coker et al found a high prevalence of various illnesses among British Gulf war veterans, confirming other recent reports from the United Kingdom and the United States.1 They say that they found no evidence for the existence of a unitary "Gulf war syndrome" and think that several possible causes are responsible for the symptoms reported. There have also …


Whole organ engineering has emerged as a promising alternative avenue to fill the gap of donor organ shortage in organ transplantation. Recent breakthroughs in the decellularization of solid organs and repopulation with desired cell populations have generated neo-organ constructs with promising functional outcomes. The realization of this goal requires engineering advancement in the perfusion-based bioreactors to (i) efficiently deliver decellularization agents, followed by (ii) its reconstruction with relevant cell types and (iii) maintenance of viability and function of the repopulated organ. In this study, we report the development and assembly of a perfusion bioreactor with the potential to enable regenerative reconstruction of pancreas. The assembled bioreactor is versatile to efficiently decellularize multiple organs, as demonstrated by complete decellularization of pancreas, liver and heart in the same set-up. Further, the same system is amenable to support organ repopulation with diverse cell types. Using our in-house bioreactor system, we demonstrate pancreas repopulation with both immortalized MIN-6 beta cells and differentiating human pluripotent stem cells. Importantly, we show the significant advantage of perfusion culture over static culture in enhancing cell engraftment, viability and phenotypic maintenance of the repopulated pancreas. In addition, this study is a significant step forward for whole organ engineering as it will facilitate cost-effective and easy assembly of perfusion bioreactors to enable rapid advancement in regenerative organ reconstruction.


In 2010, the supply of exclusive breast milk in Medan is very low. It is only 3,04% of infants who get exclusive breast milk. Low supply of this exclusive breast milk is caused by the private practice midwives' behavior in giving formula milk for newborns. This study is aimed to analyze the influence of personal selling performed by private practice midwives who give formula milk feeding for newborns. Methods : This type of research is explanatory research which is aimed to analyze the effect of the personal selling performed by private practice midwives who give formula milk feeding for newborns. The writer used survey method with cross sectional approach. Results : Three variables that were significantly associated to formula breastfeeding to neonatal infants  are personal selling (p<0,05), knowledge and attitude. Conclusion : The results show that the personal selling has dominant influence toward formula milk feeding for newborns. The writer suggests the private practice midwives to provide correct and clear information about exclusive breast milk. Keywords : Formula Milk , Personal Selling , Private Practice Midwife


The practical aspects of Orsk Humanitarian and Technological Institute (the branch of) OSU cooperation with employers personified by educational institutions and enterprises of East Orenburg region are revealed in the article. The ways of joint problem solving in the sphere of training of competitive employees are shown on the example of close cooperation between mechanical and technological department of OHTI with enterprises forming company towns of Orsk, Gai, Novotroitsk. The cluster approach of the Institute to the forming of the system "applicant student employed graduate of Higher educational institution" is presented.


As wireless network was developed and Capability of Wireless Phone was increased, M-Commerce was activates In Wireless network environment. User Authentication and Security in E-Commerce Environment is very important, so Authentication Technology, such as WPKI and Hermes System, XML Digital Signature in Wire Network is studying. But if authentication systems was implemented heterogeneous, WPKI is difficult to implement the system, it`s not interoperate with authentication system on wire internet, not support XML digital Signature. Hermes system also not interoperate with XML digital signature system. So our paper designed System that can interoperate among digital signature systems and XML document to apply XML digital signature technology on wire network to wireless network, and then implemented system that can XML digital signature to use Java Card.


Raman spectra of BaTiO 3 and Ce: BaTiO 3 single crystals have been recorded between room temperature and 180℃. Three new bands at 986,1204 and 1480 cm -1 in the X(ZZ) Y geometry are discovered. Based upon the temperature dependence of Raman scattering cross sections, the new bands are attributed to the second-order Raman spectra of BaTiO 3 , while the strong asymmetry bands at 275 and 514 cm -1 in A 1 (TO) spectrum are confirmed to be of first order. On the basis of above results, the Raman spectra of cubic BaTiO 3 and the model of phase transitions are discussed. It is found that doping with Ce in BaTiO 3 lowers its Curie temperature, which agrees with the experimental results of dielectric constants.


In this brief, the distributed state and parameter estimation problem is addressed for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems subject to sensor saturations over wireless sensor networks. In this regard, a novel estimation design is proposed that involves identification of an unknown parameter under event-triggering mechanism. A sufficient condition for exponential uniform ultimate boundedness of estimation error is established using Lyapunov stability theory. The estimator gains to ensure boundedness of error are linked to the solution of inequality constraints. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed estimator is demonstrated using a simulation example.


From the AGM in March, BCS has a new President Brian Runciman MBCS speaks to John Higgins against a backdrop of a year when we hope some of the worst effects of COVID-19 will be starting to recede, and new priorities start emerging


Effect of zinc and/or nickel addition on cobalt deposition was studied under simulated normal water chemistry condition of boiling water reactor. Type 316L stainless steel coupon was exposed to high temperature water including cobalt ion, together with zinc and/or nickel ions up to 1,000 h using experimental recirculating loops. Either addition of zinc or nickel ions reduced amounts of cobalt deposition on stainless steel. Simultaneous addition of both zinc and nickel ions showed the synergy effect; less amounts of cobalt deposition were observed for simultaneous addition of zinc and nickel ions comparing to individual addition at equivalent concentration. Glow discharge spectrometry and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed that the different mechanism of reducing cobalt deposition prevails between zinc and nickel ions.


Recent studies of scientific texts need to be set against the history of the genre, which in part establishes the institutional framework within which any individual text is created. The definition of the appropriate form of communication is part of how a discipline constitutes itself, and is part of the achievement of that discipline. This paper examines the changing features of spectroscopic articles in Physical Review since its founding. Analyses of article length, use of references, sentence length and syntax, vocabulary, graphic features, organization and argument indicate that articles become increasingly theory-based and knowledge-embedded through time. Self-consciousness about the theoretical character of argument also increases. The changing character of communication within a scientific community also has implications for the social structure of that community.


In this paper we propose exemplar-based 3D texture synthesis method which unlike existing neural network approaches preserve structural elements in texture. The proposed approach does this by accounting additional image properties which stand for the preservation of the structure with the help of a specially constructed error function used for training neural networks. Thanks to the proposed solution we can apply 2D texture to any 3D model (even without texture coordinates) by synthesizing high quality 3D texture and using local or world space position of surface instead 2D texture coordinates (fig. 1). Our solution is based on introducing 3 different error components in to the process of neural network fitting which helps to preserve desired properties of generated texture. The first component is for structuredness of the generated texture and the sample, the second component increases the diversity of the generated textures and the third one prevents abrupt transitions between individual pixels.


The invention discloses a method for testing pressure of gas in a water-containing wall rock coal seam. The method comprises the steps of: (1) selecting a pressure testing place in a rock layer tunnel; (2) estimating the thickness of the coal seam at the pressure test place; (3) selecting thickness of a water plugging coal pillar, wherein the water plugging coal pillar is a part between a hole bottom after the hole is drilled in the coal seam and a water-containing layer, and the thickness of the water plugging coal pillar is a vertical distance between the bottom of the drilled hole and the water-containing wall rock; (4) designing the drilling direction and the position of the hole, and computing the length of the coal hole according to an included angle between the drilling direction of the hole and the trend of the coal seam, the thickness of the coal seam and the thickness of the water plugging coal pillar; (5) performing drilling at the pressure testing place, and stopping drilling until the drilling construction enters the coal seam and reaches the designed coal hole length, thereby completing the drilling construction; and (6) sealing the hole and testing the pressure. By utilizing the basic characteristic that the coal seam is an impermeable stratum, the invention provides a method for testing the pressure of the gas in the water-containing wall rock coal seam, which can directly eliminate the influence of the water-containing wall rock (roof or bottom plate) when the hole is formed.


INTRODUCTIONAt last time the many scientists working with systems of technical sight. And all of them have large problem. Itis the making of unifical objects recognition systems. The methods of recognizing by signs are more attractive for de-ciding this problem. We must note that all known methods let pick out only one of all possible signs [1, 2]. But pickingout several object's signs quantity will be best for its recognition.It is necessary to decide the input information treatment problem for receiving desirable results of engeneeringactivity. The image identify problem is most interesting part of main treatment problem. That is mean that the aim ofoptimal technical sight system working out is put. This system will not base at the standard logic-mathematical algo-rithms. We noted from this that optimal technical sight systems creation connected with new treatment and informationanalysis methods. These methods base at the physics-technological basis of dates treatment and transformation. Wehave mark the next, that information perception has been maximal approach to natural parallel perception and treatmentin such systems. The information perception and treatment way need to making arrangements like arrangements eye-processor type [3]. The apparatus like that has made input and dates preliminary treatment and this information analy-sis and object recognition.The information treatment consists of the four parts in those arrangements. The first is preliminary treatment byKVP-transformation method [4]. The second is forming unobviously expressed signs systems. The next is making unitfinish function. She take into account weight marks of quality and quantity object characteristics. And last is makingknowledge underground and finish recognizing.Each stage contains large quality difficult tasks. They have been decide by principle new ways. And that is whythe authors proposed to use the new mathematical operations. Those operations will help describe all informationtreatment.THE INFORMATION PRELIMINARY TREATMENTAuthors proposed to use method oftransfonii all possible signals at the unit signals type. This method will be asa preliminary treatment. The quantronum (time) transformation (KVP-transformation) proposed make here. It is basisfor this treatment way. This way the universal of information preliminary treatment arrangements lets fulfil. Its resultwill not depend from input signals type (electrical, sound, light, magnetic etc.) in those arrangements. This fact willpossible because all signals transform at some universal function by quantization. And just this result will be in processafter then.This function has corresponded to next demands. These are high adaptation maximal simple and very fast imagedescribing and it must have large reliable.The functions of logic-temporary type (LTF) as a unit function are use [3]. This is expedient at the conditionswhen the optoelectronic treatment arrangements will apply. Those functions are not only simple describe but they letreach high information treatment speed. This speed by help information carrier will be secure. And the carrier is timefactor. The some quantity of light flow carry out transforms at corresponded time intervals in the current time moment.It transformation is plate transformation. And it fulfilling for LTF making. This way to information treatment is veryimportant in the eye-processor arrangements. By this fact they the process of image treatment make automatic in tech-nic sight systems.


The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of (La2/3Sr1/3MnO3)m/(SrRuO3)n superlattices have been investigated based on the first principles calculations. An obvious Jahn-Teller distortion, which depends on m, n, appears in MnO6 octahedron in the superlattices. The stretch along c-axis of MnO6 octahedron at the interface lifts the Mn eg orbital degeneracy, with electrons preferring the lower energy 3z2−r2 to the higher energy x2−y2. Benefitting from the charge transfer at the interface, the still occupied x2−y2 orbital can mediate a robust in-plane double exchange interaction. La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 block is ferromagnetic and metallic, even for the superlattice with m = n = 1.


Background/aims:

One main purpose of vacuum degassing is the removal of nitrogen and hydrogen from the liquid steel. The progress of dehydrogenation and denitrogenation during degassing cannot be observed on-line from measured waste gas values. It is therefore usual to elongate the vacuum treatment more than necessary to be sure that the aim values are reached. To overcome the uncertainty in the required degassing duration, a dynamic process model for dehydrogenation and denitrogenation was developed.

Results and conclusions:

The dynamic process model for denitrogenation and dehydrogenation is based on the principles of thermodynamics and reaction kinetics. It was applied to the vacuum tank degassing (VD) and the vacuum circulation (RH) process. The model was validated by comparison of simulation results with measured process data. The resulting simulation accuracy is about 8 ppm for nitrogen and 0.2 ppm for hydrogen. A simplified version of the process model is used for on-line observation of the current nitrogen and hydrogen content.


In this work is presented and validated Decisor , a Decision Support System (DSS), that it has the double purpose of, to assist the decision makers in decisions with multicriterials characteristics and maping the process that the decision maker adopted to arrive at the choice of its final alternative. For one better agreement of the decision process of the individuals is


Recently health care (HC) organizations have increasingly embarked on organizational climate (OC) assessment with the intent to improve their efficiency and the quality of the delivered services. This is important; however, it is even if more crucial to ensure that workers engaged in the evaluation process are aware of the importance of their fruitful engagement in this investigation as well as of its potential benefits. From the management viewpoint, this is crucial to plan and implement management initiatives able to create a great place to work. The purpose of this paper is to shed empirical light on how, in effect, HC workers perceive OC for itself and as a performance driver to assess and manage. The study was carried out through an action research (AR) project, which included the use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Key phases of the AR project were some focus groups and a survey. During the focus groups, several methods and approaches were adopted for getting opinions from people and animating discussion. About the survey, a total sample of 560 HC workers was investigated.  The AR project has shown that even if HC workers intuitively conceive OC as an important performance driver, the meaning of the construct is not completely clear. Moreover, a good level of awareness among HC workers about how and why OC can improve individual and organizational performance represents a key issue to address in evaluating and managing OC.


Objective To explore the application of E-PTFE as a spacer graft for strengthening orbital septal in the reconstruction of oriental lower pelpebral bulge. Methods Lower lid blepharoplasty via lower lid skin, combined arcus marginalis release and orbital repositioning. E-PTFE as a spacer graft was transplanted between orbital septal and fascia of under-orbicular muscle. Results Ninty two cases were followed up. The good function and cosmetic results were obtained without severe complications. Conclusion In the Hamra's operation, E-PTFE as a spacer graft was transplanted for strengthening orbital septal. It can strengthen the middle construction of lower lid and control the release of orbital fat. It can also prevent the recurrence of lower lid bulge.


The invention discloses an environment-friendly ebony texture veneer processing technology. The environment-friendly ebony texture veneer processing technology includes the steps that a substitute base material and a raw material substitute veneer are selected and used; the raw material substitute veneer is bonded to the substitute base material; the outer surface of the raw material substitute veneer is sequentially sprayed with a primary bottom color, designed to have the ebony texture effect, and sprayed with priming paint, base paint and finish paint. According to the environment-friendly ebony texture veneer processing technology, the raw material substitute veneer and the substitute base material which are rich in timber resource are selected and used, the raw material substitute veneer is bonded to the substitute base material, and the surface of the raw material substitute veneer is designed to have the ebony texture effect; due to the fact that the substitute veneer and the substitute base material which grow into useful timber quickly are used for replacing ebony, a large amount of ebony can be saved, significant economic benefits can be achieved, besides, the effects of being environmentally friendly and low in carbon can be achieved, and therefore significant social benefits can be achieved.


Cyclic tests performed in the temperature range 300773 K on duplex stainless steel DIN 1.4460 show that the cyclic stressstrain behaviour of this steel is strongly temperature dependent. At 300 and 473 K an almost constant peak tensile stress stage, is followed by a slight softening that continues up to failure in the case of 300 K, but by a secondary hardening at 473 K. Pronounced initial cyclic hardening followed by secondary hardening was the main feature of the temperature range between 573 and 723 K. At 773 K, after a weak hardening stage, a strong softening continues up to failure. The mechanical behaviour and the evolution of the microstructure were analysed, and the internal and the effective stresses were studied. It was found that the internal stress is responsible for the strong hardening that occurs in the intermediate temperature range and for the softening at 773 K.


The minutes of evidence contain a memorandum submitted by the Automobile Association and a memorandum submitted by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. The views of the Association and of the Society on the following topics are set out: standards of vehicle construction, MOT tests, standards of driver training and examination, motor cycle rider training and examination, pedal cycle rider training, pedestrians' awareness of good road practice, road lighting and vehicle lighting, speed limits, drink and driving, cost-effective engineering solutions, monitoring the impact of the 1981 transport act, extent of enforcement, accident research. The discussion of this evidence by the committee with representatives of the organisations is given. (TRRL)


Jatropha curcas L. is a potential plant species for biodiesel production. However, its seed yield is too low for profitable production of biodiesel. To improve the productivity, genetic improvement through breeding is essential. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) has the huge potential to accelerate genetic improvement. We mapped 506 markers (216 microsatellites and 290 SNPs from ESTs) onto 11 linkage groups. However, genetic analysis of the yield traits has not been done in jatropha.Quantitative trait loci (QTL)mappingwas conducted to identify genetic factors controlling growth and seed yield in jatropha.We identified a total of 28QTLs for 11 growth and seed traits using a population of 296 backcrossing jatropha trees. QTL and expression QTL analyses were applied to identify genetic factors that are relevant to seed oil traits in jatropha.We screenedkey genes in auxin pathway includingARFand IAA families and downstream effectors to identify candidate genes controlling seed size in jatropha. JcARF19wasmapped in themajor QTL region and significantly associated with seed length.


The influence of non-radiative recombination on the photoluminescence decay time (τPL) has been studied for GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells with Ga- and In-rich environments of N atoms. At low temperatures, this influence is suppressed, due to the carrier localization phenomenon, which leads to a spectral dispersion of τPL. For investigated samples, this dispersion has been found to be in the range of ~0.2–2.0 ns. With the temperature increase, the free exciton emission starts to dominate instead of the localized exciton emission and the dispersion of τPL disappears. The dynamic of free exciton recombination is strongly influenced by the non-radiative recombination, which varies between samples, due to different concentration of non-radiative centers. The study of influence of non-radiative recombination on τPL has been performed at 180 K, since this temperature is high enough to eliminate the localized emission and activate non-radiative recombination and low enough to observe excitonic emission without stron...


The 2008 global economic and financial crisis hit hard in Iceland. During the crisis its three largest banks all collapsed in just a few days with severe consequences for the economy and the people. Prior to the crisis, Iceland, a high income OECD country, had experienced strong growth and unprecedented expansion in overseas investments and activities, especially in the financial sector. This article focuses on the actions of the international community when the Icelandic authorities, during a period of great uncertainty and need, sought assistance to protect the Icelandic economy before the banking system fell.


Introduction: Azithromycin has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties 1 . Long term azithromycin reduces exacerbations in in patients with non-CF bronchiectasis 2 . This study determined the effect of long term azithromycin on improvement of symptoms, frequency of exacerbation and hospital admission. Method: We reviewed 41 patients with CT diagnosis of Non CF Bronchiectasis who were started on long term Azithromycin. Five lost to follow up, 5 did not tolerate azithromycin and 3 died. 28 patients followed up for one year. Subjective symptom assessment, number of exacerbation and hospital admission recorded at 3, 6 and 12 months from start of azithromycin. Results: Twelve (42.9%) patients were male and 16 (57.1%) were female. Significant reduction in exacerbations was observed after 12 months on Azithromycin (Table 1). 16 (57%) patients described significant subjective improvement in symptoms and 11 (39.3%) patient had some improvement, and 1 (3.3%) patient had worsening in symptoms. No significant change observed in number of hospital admissions. Conclusion: Long term Azithromycin significantly reduces the infective exacerbation of bronchiectasis and improves patient symptoms. References: 1. McCormack J, Bell S, Senini S et al. Daily versus weekly azithromycin in cystic fibrosis patients. Eur Respir J. 2007; 30(3):487-495 2. Wong C, Jayaram L, Karalus N et al. Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (EMBRACE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2012; 380(9842):660-667.


Venture capital is the catalyst for accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements has provided the impetus for the production and development of venture capital.Based on the questionnaire survey of high-tech enterprises and venture enterprises in Fujian Province,this paper empirically analyzes the promotional mechanism of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements to the development of venture capital.The results show that participation in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements can help venture enterprises accumulate more management experience,improve the investment level and risk management,but it has little effect on venture enterprises to expand their social resources.We should accelerate the development of science and technology agencies,create a good market environment for technological innovation activities,introduce and cultivate professional talents of venture capital so as to promote the development of venture capital.


As big data has become a national strategy in many countries, China's local governments are aware of the political significance of big data, social value and economic value. For the purpose of helping the local governments to accelerate the pace of development of big data, this paper adopts the method of case study and takes Foshan city of Guangdong province, a leading area of information technology application in China, as an example, and proposes the top-level design of government big data development and the countermeasures of how to use big data to improve governance capability. The top-level design of the big data development of local government includes: laws and rules about data sharing and opening, big data management organization, personnel training and introduction, government data governance system, information system upgrading and integration, awareness training of data sharing, data opening and data security, development of big data industry, and funds, etc. Based on the connotation of Chinese government governance, four major themes are put forward to improve local government governance capability with big data. The first is using big data to promote standardization and facilitation of government services. The second is to promote precision of social governance. The third is to facilitate the convenience of government commercial services. And the fourth is to promote the scientific level of macro control.


The Gottesman–Knill theorem established that stabilizer states and Clifford operations can be efficiently simulated classically. For qudits with odd dimension three and greater, stabilizer states and Clifford operations have been found to correspond to positive discrete Wigner functions and dynamics. We present a discrete Wigner function-based simulation algorithm for odd-d qudits that has the same time and space complexity as the Aaronson–Gottesman algorithm for qubits. We show that the efficiency of both algorithms is due to harmonic evolution in the symplectic structure of discrete phase space. The differences between the Wigner function algorithm for odd-d and the Aaronson–Gottesman algorithm for qubits are likely due only to the fact that the Weyl–Heisenberg group is not in S U ( d ) for d = 2 and that qubits exhibit state-independent contextuality. This may provide a guide for extending the discrete Wigner function approach to qubits.


In this paper, we present a new approach to assessing the position of the sight in first-person shooters. In such games, one of the most difficult tasks is to accurately aim the weapon. And if the game has a bullet drop, you have to take into account the properties of the bullet and weapon and shoot higher. Position of the scope depends also on the distance to the target and angle. Traditional methods of software-assisted aiming require access to the game files or processes. In our approach, we use only screen captured images.We present our system of automatic aiming based on neural networks. The main advantage of this approach is that our system for accurate definition of scope position requires only information about what is happening on the screen. To achieve this goal, we use technologies of convolutional neural networks that allow detecting objects in the image, as well we used Feed-Forward neural networks for adjusting the sight.


The GPC results for samples taken from along the cable and with radius suggest that some very minor changes in the molecular weight distribution have taken place with aging. The changes are too small to affect the physical properties of the insulation and would not be normally connected either with large chemical or bulk electrical changes. This then appears to exclude the possibility of uniform molecular degradation as a necessary preliminary to the very local changes associated with dielectric breakdown, unless the aging process can vary significantly over distances of a meter or less. Further efforts will be directed at finding such "hotspots", if they indeed exist, and at improving the precision of the techniques for detecting molecular weight changes.


The London papyrus of the Athenaion Politeia of Aristotle makes this statement about the prizes awarded in the musical contests at the Panathenaic games:It has been generally assumed that the andhere are connected with the prizes offered in the musical contests in IG n2 2311.1–22.For instance the winner in the lyre-playing contest receives a gold crown worth 1000 drachmas as well as 500 drachmas of silver(lines 4–7).In consequence, the here are connected with the prizes offered in the musical contests in IG n2 2311.1–22.For instance the winner in the lyre-playing contest receives a gold crown worth 1000 drachmas as well as 500 drachmas of silver(lines 4–7).In consequence, the,in Aristotle should refer to the cash prize awarded to the winner in the lyre-playing contest.In other words, a sum of silver money would be referred to in Aristotle by the plural


The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a heterogeneous disease expressed in a variety of ways, including thromboembolic disease. Therapy for this phase of APS is primarily anticoagulation. When the disease is aggressive and resistant to anticoagulants immunotherpay has been applied with variable success. Steroids, cyclophosphamide, plasma exchange, plasmapheresis, and immunoglobulin infusion have been used. This is a report of a patient with very aggressive APS treated successfully with rituximab immunotherapy. This 60 year old female had four episodes of deep vein thrombosis and two episodes of pulmonary embolus. An inferior vena cava filter had been placed. She came to hematologic attention in 2001, when the APS diagnosis was established based upon positive lupus anticoagulant and antibodies to cardiolipin and phosphatidyl serine. Long term steroid therapy was considered potentially too toxic. Azathioprine therapy was initiated at 100 mg daily and then increased to 150 mg daily without reduction of antibody titers. Thereafter she developed thrombosis in-situ in the pulmonary artery, requiring surgical thrombectomy. Therapy with rituximab was begun at 375 mg/m2 weekly times four, with repeat infusions every 6 months. Infusions were well tolerated. Warfarin therapy was continued throughout. Antibody titers have fallen. There have been no further episodes of TED. Therapy with rituximab has been well tolarted and appears to be effective. Therapy is continuing with additional antibody titers to be obtained.


The national stormwater program increasingly is receiving more attention and focus. This article highlights how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has responded to this interest by initiating several new products and projects. Low-impact development (LID), or green infrastructure, is based on the idea of creating stormwater management systems that mimic natural hydrology. The idea is to promote infiltration and evapotranspiration of stormwater near where it falls and to avoid or mitigate the impacts of increased runoff volumes on streams, lakes, and coastal waters. The EPA has several efforts underway to promote the LID concept, including a voluntary agreement that has been signed by more than 50 national organizations. In addition, a new EPA publication highlights 17 case studies that document cost savings associated with implementing LID strategies. The EPA has provided funding for another new publication, Urban Stormwater Retrofit Practice Manual, that provides detailed information to help stormwater managers develop and implement effective retrofit programs in their communities. Other EPA efforts include the stormwater compliance strategy, which is a new compliance monitoring strategy that covers all aspects of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System stormwater program. This multi-year strategy sets goals for EPA and state audits and inspections, and will guide EPA and state enforcement and compliance efforts. State environmental agencies are developing thousands of total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) to help guide restoration of watersheds. EPA is working closely with state programs and has documented a number of promising approaches for developing TMDLs for stormwater sources. Future EPA efforts include a stormwater and the clean watersheds needs survey, new national construction and development regulation to better address the impacts of sediment and other pollutants from construction sites, and a stormwater webcast series.


A RECENT paper by Crawford and Morris (1960) shows that 5,ooo deaths from rupture of the heart occur annually in Britain. The striking features which it presents at post-mortem-its recognition is inescapable to the most casual inspectionnaturally led to its description in pathological works long before coronary occlusion and myocardial infarction, its necessary antecedents, were defined. Two centuries elapsed between Harvey's description of a case and the interpretation of the basic pathological changes involved. In the further century that has passed, the pathological changes have been described with greater exactness, and certain clinical and epidemiological facts have been added. After a brief account of the condition it is the purpose of the present paper to consider some of the significant literature of the past.


It is common to establish shock and vibration design and/or test criteria for equipment mounted on a structure by computing a conservative upper bound for the spectrum of the dynamic load induced response of the structure based upon predicted or measured spectra at various points. This task is usually accomplished by one offive procedures, namely, the computation from the available spectra of a simple envelope, a normal tolerance limit, a distribution-free tolerance limit, an empirical tolerance limit, or a normal prediction limit. These five procedures are reviewed and illustrated usinR the power spectra computed from vibration signals measured during the lift-off of a large launch vehicle at 12 locations in a structural region where equipment will be mounted. The results are compared and the merits and liabilities of the various procedures are discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Abstract Glyphosate (GLY) is a type of broad-spectrum herbicide and has been widely used for weed control. In the past few decades, GLY was generally considered to be low toxic or non-toxic to animals. However, recent studies demonstrated that GLY has adverse effects on honey bees. How honey bees' internal antioxidant and detoxification system responds to GLY exposure needs to be investigated. In this study, we calculated the median lethal dose (LD50) of GLY in honey bees and evaluate the effect of GLY on detoxification-related gene expression and antioxidant enzyme activities of honey bees. Our results showed that the LD50 of GLY to honey bees at 24 and 48 h were 1773.06 and 537.67 µg active ingredient (a.i.)/bee, respectively, which suggested the low toxicity of GLY to honey bees. Moreover, we found significantly downregulated enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), upregulated activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as well as upregulated gene expression of CYP9Q1 in the head, and CYP9Q2 in the head and abdomen, which indicated the important roles of GST, AChE, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYPs/P450s) in protecting bees against GLY stress. Our study will help to clarify the role of antioxidative enzymes and detoxifying enzymes in terms of preventing or limiting GLY stress injury.


Stress and temperature response of Polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites is mapped and predicted using creep-recovery measurements. The results indicate that the PE nanocomposite exhibit nonlinear response. When montmorillonite layered silicates (MLS) are introduced into the polymer, the stress response deviates substantially. Recovery curves of the nanocomposites were lower than those of the creep response. Viscoplastic strain was lower in the case of the nanocomposites. The material responses are analyzed using mechanical analogs.Copyright © 2006 by ASME