Objective: To determine the frequency of hospital-acquired infections in surgical departments of Isfandyar Bukhari District Hospital, Attock.Study Design: It is a prospective cross-sectional study.
Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at IBD Hospital, Attock from March 2016 to March 2017.Methodology: A total of 10,238 patients of either sex having age 5-60 years who developed wound infection within one month after various surgical procedures were included in the study. Pus was collected, transported and microbiological procedures were performed using standard techniques. Patients with any co-morbidity, e.g. tuberculosis, diabetes, liver diseases, any known pre-surgical infection or operated from malignancies were excluded from the study. The culture reports of patients were observed for the presence of various types of pathogens.Results: 22 patients out of 10238 met the criteria for nosocomial infection, 12 were male and 10 were females. Staphylococcus aurens (35.5%) was the most common organism isolated, followed by E. coli (24%), pseudomonad (14.8%) and klebsiella (6.5%).Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen responsible for causing the nosocomial infection (at the surgical site) followed by E. coli and Pseudomonas.Key Words: Nosocomial infection, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella.


A 55-year-old man presented with short stature, progressive bilateral leg deformity (figure 1) and loss of all teeth since childhood. Similar bony deformities were present in his mother, elder brother and both his daughters. His only son was, however, asymptomatic. There was no history of fracture. On examination, he had bilateral genu varum with an intercondylar distance of 22 cm. His biochemical evaluation was as follows (reference ranges shown parenthetically): serum calcium 2.35 mmol/L (2–2.5 mmol/L), phosphorus 0.77 mmol/L (0.81–1.4 mmol/L), alkaline phosphatase 367 mIU/mL (30–150  mIU/mL), 25(OH) vitamin D …


Standard single frequency, "fringe-counting," microwave interferometers are of limited use for steady-state plasma experiments. We have constructed a swept frequency microwave interferometer, similar to a classic zebra-stripe interferometer, optimized for electron density measurements in steady-state plasma experiments. The key element in the system is a frequency doubled YIG oscillator capable of sweeping from 20 to 40 GHz. As the source frequency is swept, the sum of the reference and plasma leg signals exhibits a series of beats. Both the frequency shift and phase shift of the beat pattern due to the addition of plasma in one leg of the interferometer is used to determine the line-integrated electron density.


The compound R2C(SiMe2Ome)(SiMe2Cl)(R = SiMe3 throughout) reacts more rapidly with CF3CH2OH than with MeOH, and R2C(SiMe2OMe)(SiPh2Br) reacts with EtOH to give exclusively the rearranged product R2C(SiMe2OEt)(SiPh2OMe), indicating that the rate-determining step of the solvolyses involves formation of a methoxy-bridged cation; migration of the OMe group also occurs in the reaction of the bromide with AgBF4.


Indian education system promotes social equality, embraces an inclusive learning environment, and adheres to a heterogeneous classroom. Besides, social equity in the education system could occur due to gender disparities and inadequate funding. In addition, the Indian government, in terms of providing social equity, aimed to significantly rectify the historical, cultural, and gender inequalities to promote equal educational opportunities for all structures regardless of their background. Furthermore, the digital divide amplifies existing disparities, as socioeconomically disadvantaged children face little or no access to online educational resources during the pandemic. Addressing these difficulties necessitates the implementation of comprehensive policy reforms, augmented financial allocation, active involvement of the community, and an unwavering dedication to the principles of social justice.


Reinforced earth retaining walls are being utilized more frequently in civil infrastructure projects as an alternate design structure to typical reinforced concrete walls and other structures for supporting backfill. The objective of the present study is to model and analyze a 2-dimensional Segmental Precast Concrete Panel (SPCP) wall using the 2-dimensional finite-element tool PLAXIS and analyze the behaviour of the wall concerning the effect of reinforcement type and surcharge loads. The present work also includes the investigations of the effects of reinforcement type and surcharge loads, as well as the influence of different supporting systems on the deformations and ground-surface settlements of the SPCP wall. Ribbed steel reinforcements, Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) geogrids and Density Polyethylene (HDPE) geogrids are used to evaluate the wall deformations for reinforcement types. For ribbed-steel reinforcement, ground settlements and wall deformations are 14% and 25% less compared to those of PET and HDPE geogrid reinforcements, respectively. With the increase in surcharge on the backfill soil, wall deformations and surface-ground settlements are increased significantly by 150%. To decrease the deformations of walls resting on soft soil, pile foundations and aggregate piers are considered as supporting solutions. In the case of reinforced blocks with pile foundation as supporting systems, the wall deformations and settlement are 60% lesser than for aggregate pier supporting systems. KEYWORDS: Segmental precast concrete panel, PLAXIS, Reinforcement type, Aggregate pier, Pile Foundation, Wall deformation


The use of mass timber as a structural element is not a new phenomenon. For example, within almost every major city in the world, there are upscale enclaves centered around the adaptive reuse of factories and warehouses from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These former industrial structures are almost always constructed from masonry and mass timber.Within the past decade, the building industry has seen a renewed interest in mass timber structures. This resurgence has been fueled by several trends, including the mass production of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) and a growing awareness of mass timber's sustainable advantages. A number of high-profile heavy timber structures have found commercial success in the United States and abroad. Leading architectural practices such as Skidmore Owings & Merrill (SOM) have used research initiatives like the Timber Tower Research Project to jump-start a fertile debate within the design industry. On the demand side, building owners have pushed the design community to find innovative ways to incorporate mass timber into their projects.This interest has often driven designers and builders to aggressively distinguish their projects from predecessors, pushing for pure mass timber structures while giving less consideration to hybrid structures (mass timber and masonry/concrete structures). This bias towards material purity risks ignoring important lessons from the past and may in some cases lead to inefficient structural choices and structures with less durability and sustainability than their hypothetical hybrid counterparts.This paper posits that some of the energy generated by a resurgence in mass timber construction would be well spent on understanding, celebrating, and rediscovering the elegance and importance of hybrid structures.


An LC lens and a forming method thereof are provided to deposit conductive material by using a sputtering method, remove an air layer within a liquefied lens unit, and align LC molecules of an LC layer vertically, thereby reducing polarization. First and second substrates(211,231) are prepared. By forming a first electrode(212) on the first substrate, a first substrate unit(210) is formed. An LC(Liquid Crystal) layer(220) where LC molecules(222) are vertically aligned is prepared. On the prepared second substrate, a second electrode(232) is formed so as to expose an upper center of the second substrate. On the exposed second substrate and the second electrode, an insulating layer(234) is formed. To cover an upper front of the insulating layer, a third electrode(235) is formed to form a second substrate unit(230). The first substrate unit, the LC layer and the second substrate unit are sequentially laminated to be coupled with each other.


In line with the behavioral research approach in management control, this paper suggests the integration of a new variable: the satisfaction of non-opportunistic managers with respect to management control. Adapting results of research in marketing to management control allows us to consider this variable as a partial proxy of the performance of management control. Through a survey (N=155 answers), the authors validate a model integrating the satisfaction of managers as an explanatory variable of their managerial performance. The explanatory power of this link is statistically significant, although weak. These results also suggest very interesting outputs for practitioners, especially about levers that management accountants should privilege in order to optimize the managers- satisfaction and, thus, their managerial performance. These levers have two dimensions: a technical one and a relational one; the former seems to be the most determinant.


To completely avoid producing elements jointed at their corner nodes and checkerboard patterns,which frequently occur when the topology optimization of plane continuum is studied,the theory of topology analysis of plane continuum in topology optimization process and the simple algorithm for programming are studied.According to algebraic topology theory,the boundary of elements and plane continuum are operated as a one dimensional complex.By use of the adjacency vector in graph theory,the structural topology is described and the topological operation is achieved on a computer.By above,the structural topological feature in the evolutionary process is gained.These methods are effcient and reliable.Under topology constraints,according to the results of stress analysis,by deleting elements and moving nodes at the boundary,more satisfactory results can be gained by using a few numbers of elements and iterations.To demonstrate the efficiency of these methods,solutions including some well known classical problems are presented.


The competency of Safety Practitioners has given rise to a number of competency frameworks of varying levels of complexity, (HSE/IET/BCS, 2007, Rail Safety & Standards Board, AEA Technology, 2003). To date the focus has been on the content and structure of these frameworks, with respect to the criteria that must be satisfied to substantiate competency claims. Here we do not attempt to provide a competency framework or identify specific criteria for safety practitioners. Instead we focus on the question of how to assess an individual against any given framework. Existing schemes frequently attempt to assess against competency as a whole and employ a single assessment method that does not take account of a competency's multi-faceted structure. This can be overcome by assessing competency at the sub component level. We propose an approach to assess one sub component of competency, namely practitioner behaviour and provide evidence of the effectiveness of the approach. (6 pages)


SPECTRA®is a new high specific modulus, high specific strength and low specific gravity fiber made from polyethylene. Major applications of interest at OCEANS/86 include marine and oceanographic ropes, as an electromechanical cable strength member, for fish netting, as a replacement for wire, and for use in composite structures such as boat hulls, impact shielding and instrument housings. The proprietary technology used in the production of these materials provides a unique range of fiber properties. Tensile strengths are 7 to 10 times that of steel for its weight and up to 60% higher than the aramids. Specific gravity is 0.97, which means it floats. Chemical and abrasion resistance is excellent as are the dielectric properties. This paper includes data on the fiber and the results of application studies on SPECTRA based products. Accelerated abrasion, including cycling over sheaves, wilt show that SPECTRA based ropes have demonstrated life cycles approximately 1000% greater than ropes made with other high modulus, high strength fibers.


1105 Background: Both NVBO and X are active drugs in MBC. We designed a phase I trial of the combination of these two oral drugs in MBC. Methods: Main inclusion criteria were: documented MBC, ECOG PS 0–1, HER2 negative, and adequate major organ function. Patients could have received chemotherapy (CT) for the disease. Four dose levels were established: 1) NVBO 60 mg/m2, X 1,650 mg/m2/day; 2) NVBO 70 mg/m2, X 1,650 mg/m2/day; 3) NVBO 70 mg/m2, X 2,000 mg/m2/day; 4) NVBO 80 mg/m2, X 2,000 mg/m2/day. No further escalation was attempted. NVBO was given on days 1 and 8 and X was given from day 1 to 14. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. Results: Eighteen patients (pts) with MBC entered the study. Median age 61 years (range 44–80), 11 pts (61%) received prior (neo)adjuvant CT. 14 pts (78%) received prior hormone therapy, 13 pts (72%) received no prior chemotherapy for advanced disease and 3 pts (16%) were CT-naive. After including 3 patients on each dose level no dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was found. No addit...


Integral kitchen is a new form of kitchen, and becomes an inevitable trend. The existing evaluation methods of integral kitchen CMF include graphic display, sample display and product display, but there are some problems such as tedious evaluation process, high cost and subjective evaluation. The paper analyses existing evaluation methods, demonstrates the necessity of applying virtual reality to the integral kitchen CMF evaluation. The results show that the integral kitchen CMF evaluation system based on virtual reality can improve the efficiency and quality of evaluation. This paper puts forward four design strategies, and provides reference for related design research.


In this paper, the author presents the experiences made by applying the linear mixture modelling technique to an urban area located in the north of San Diego, Ca. Landsat TM satellite imagery was chosen to perform the analysis on. The paper presents the results of linear unmixing applied to raw and first-order corrected imagery. To evaluate the accuracy of the unmixing method, the results of the sub-pixel classification were compared to a reference, which is represented by high-resolution imagery, called ADAR. images were acquired at the same day time. In both scenes, noise removal and geometric registration with terrain correction were performed. Topographic effects were also corrected. Conspicuous are the big reflectance differences of vegetation and soil in the images. This is caused by different climatic backgrounds. 1996 was a year with less precipitation and higher temperatures than usually and 1998, a year dominated by El Niño, was relatively cool and wet. The resulted reflectance variations of especially vegetation might effect the classification results. Reference values for the sub-pixel classification were obtained by an interpretation of digital airborne photographs taken by an ADAR 5500 system. The ADAR data were acquired in June 1998. The images have a ground solution distance of 1m. 3 LINEAR MIXTURE MODELLING Linear Mixture Modelling has been discussed often in articles. Therefore here will be only a very brief explanation of the technique. LMM computes the spectral constituents of a pixel by analysing its spectral signature. It assumes a single reflectance of a photon at the object within the given instantaneous field of view. In many cases, it approximates reality. Whenever there is radiation transmission through one of the materials or if there are multiple reflections within a material or between two objects a nonlinear mixing occurs. In the LMM, the DN of a pixel in each spectral band is expressed as a linear combination of the characteristic relative radiance of its component endmembers weighted by their respective areal proportions within the pixel. [Ichoku 1996] Thus, the DNi of a pixel in the i-th band is given by:


This article summarizes a study conducted on seventeen news programmes from eight Western European countries. The analysis focuses both on what subjects were taken up (substance) and on how they were presented (form). The results reveal that however standard this essential feature programme may seem, every such broadcast is unique in the way it blends a limited number of ingredients. Qualitative comments are made on the effectiveness of several techniques used by some stations. Correlative analyses reveal two coherent groups comprising those stations broadcasting from `Germanic-culture' countries on the one hand, and those from `Romance-culture' countries on the other. The study also highlights the significant quantitative and qualitative differences in the coverage of the closing of the Maastricht Summit (which took place during the period covered by the study).


The structure and dynamics of a truncated (residues 82–136) caveolin‐1 (Cav1) construct having a helix‐break‐helix motif are explored by both all‐atom free energy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in an explicit bilayer membrane. Two stable Cav1 conformations with small (LB‐Cav1) and large hinge angles (RB‐Cav1) between two helices are identified although their relative free energy cannot be reliably estimated due to the sampling issues. RB‐Cav1s contain one or two lipids residing between the helices that are hydrogen bonded (h‐bonded) to both helices in a multidentate fashion. LB‐Cav1s show the helices with mono‐dentate lipid h‐bond interactions or multidentate interactions limited to a single helix at most. The two conformational states of Cav1 remain their initial state during 2‐μs MD simulation, suggesting that there is a significant hidden barrier (other than the insertion depth of Cav1 and its hinge angle) and the Cav1 conformational states are tightly regulated by the h‐bonds between Cav1 and lipids along with the associated lipid rearrangement during the course of Cav1 conformational changes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


In the last 20 years, an increased age at marriage and an increased risk of divorce raised the proportion of adults between the ages of 25 and 54 who are unmarried from 15% to 33% (U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1972, 1992). Today, the average parent with two or three adult children is likely to have at least one unmarried child and very likely to experience a child's divorce. The effect of these changes on intergenerational systems of support is virtually uncharted. Although it has been suggested that unmarried children (especially daughters) carry a disproportionate share of the burden of caring for elderly parents (Lang & Brody, 1983), others have speculated that unmarried children are a special burden for their parents (Pillemer & Suitor, 1991; Speare & Avery, 1993). This report uses the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) to examine whether divorced and never-married children differ from married children in support given to and received from parents. We separate divorced from never-married children and coresidence from other kinds of support. Our focus is not on care of the elderly, but rather on the routine forms of social support that characterize family relationships during active adulthood. PRIOR RESEARCH CHILDREN'S MARITAL STATUS AND CORESIDENCE The unmarried are very much more likely than the married to reside in their parents' homes during adulthood, and most research shows that, even into parents' old age, children live with parents rather than vice versa (Aquilino, 1990). Among the nearly half of parents over 65 who have an unmarried child, 28% have a coresident child (Aquilino, 1990). For the most part, research shows that these children are a net burden, contributing little economically or in terms of household labor (Grigsby, 1989). CHILDREN'S MARITAL STATUS AND PARENTAL EXCHANGE The consensus about children's marital status and intergenerational exchange breaks down when we turn to other types of parent-child exchange. Findings from previous studies are so mixed that it is clear that measurement and design issues have a critical impact on whether one finds that unmarried children exchange more, exchange less, or are not different from married children. For example, Cooney and Uhlenberg (1992) used NSFH data to conclude that married children receive and perceive more help from their parents than do unmarried children, while Marks and McLanahan (1993) and Hogan, Eggebeen, and Clogg (1993) used the same data set to conclude that unmarried children receive more help than the married. The latter findings appear to depend on excluding childless respondents and on coding coresident children as givers and receivers of help. Findings are also mixed when we ask whether unmarried children give less to their parents. Although Lang and Brody (1983) reported that unmarried daughters give 3 times more assistance to their elderly mothers than married daughters, most studies suggest that the unmarried give less to their parents (Hogan, Eggebeen, & Clogg, 1993; Johnson, 1988; Rossi & Rossi, 1990). THE PROBLEM The analysis to follow compares never-married, divorced, and married respondents to examine whether the retreat from marriage may affect the exchange of parents with their adult children. Although using the same data set as many previous studies, our design and sample are more comprehensive: We examine coresidence (of parent with child and child with parent) separately from nonresidential exchange, examine both giving and receiving, include adult children who are childless as well as those who are parents, and distinguish between never-married and divorced children. In addition to establishing marital status differentials, we examine five moderating factors: gender of child, recency of child's divorce, whether child has own children, child's age, and parents' marital status. Control variables are distance, race, education, number of siblings and presence of sisters, and parents' age, health, and marital status--all of which can be considered causally prior to the child's marital status. …


We study the Langevin equation for stochastic quantization of gravity. By introducing two independent variables with a second-class constraint for the gravitational field, we formulate a pair of Langevin equations for gravity which couples with white noises. After eliminating the multiplier field for the second-class constraint, we show that the equations lead to stochastic quantization of gravity including a unique superspace metric.


Abstract Preservation of cisco (Coregonus artedii) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) for 72 hr in 10% formalin or by freezing reduced median total length by 0.7–2.1% for both species and increased median condition factor by 6.3–9.4% for cisco and 4.8–8.8% for yellow perch. Formalin increased median weight by 1.8% for cisco and 5.0% for yellow perch; freezing and thawing reduced weight by 1.7–2.0% for each species. Changes in length, weight, and condition factor were not significant for unpreserved fish remeasured after 72 hr, suggesting that the above changes were not entirely due to errors in measurement. The study revealed that even small changes in length or weight due to preservation can produce large errors in condition factor.


In this article, we share experiences of the nature of an infant collaboration and how information and communication technology (ICT) is at its heart. We situate our discussion in the broader discourse surrounding educational research collaboration. The main issues we address are: (i) the peculiar nature of our collaboration; (ii) the main collaboration stimuli; (iii) the anticipated benefits and costs of the collaboration; and (iv) the role of ICT. We show that while ICT is invaluable to our collaborative work and its future prospects, it requires a great deal of commitment to nurture, grow and maintain. Although the initial objective of our research network is to examine how technology mediates student–instructor interaction, through ICT we are moving the frontiers of this collaboration to other areas of expertise, interest and strength. Through the log of our communication via Skype, WhatsApp, phone calls and other channels, we demonstrate how beneficial ICT is to our collaboration. We conclude with other possible forms that this network could take and emerge into, given the composition of the research network.


E VER since the close of the first World War, Leon Blum has been the leading representative of Frenclh socialism. The obligations of this role have thrust him into innumerable ideological and political battles. The climax of his career came in I936, when victory for the Popular Front swept him into the premiership of the Third Republic. After the fall of France he was incarcerated in Nazi prisons. It was at this time, when everything seemed unrelievedly black, that he wrote A l'echelle hurnaine. This book, which remained unpublished until I945, is the political testament of a man who has not permitted past failures to undermine his faith in the values he cherishes. The ideas which it expounds underlie his approach to the problems of France, of present-day socialism, and of the entire civilized world. He returned to Paris in the spring of I945; and since then he has reaffirmed these ideas with admirable candor and lucidity. They represent his contribution to the great debate that n"ow rages in France-a debate that is of incalculable importance not only to Frenchmen but to men of good will everywhere. Blum readily admits that his own generation has failed in its self-appointed task.' But he is anxious to extract from its mistakes those lessons which will help the youth of France, the masters of tomorrow, to do a better job. When a na-


The soil research study was conducted from three block in Sawai Madhopur district of Rajasthan for evaluate the soil fertility status of cultivated land of farmers. The Total No. of 120 Soil samples were collected from different cultivated fields (0-15 cm depth) and analyzed for soil properties and macro nutrient fertility status viz. Soil P H , EC, OC, & Available Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potash and Sulphur by standard method. The Soil P H , Electrical Conductivity, Organic carbon of soil samples were found with an average of 7.75, 0.54 dS m -1 & 0.38 % respectively. Available nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potash and Sulphur content of soil samples were reported with a mean value of 213.70 kgha -1 , 22.35 kgha -1 , 125.57 kgha -1 and 15.34 mgkg -1 respectively. It can be concluded that the soil samples under research study is categorized neutral to slightly alkaline in P H , whereas organic carbon, electrical conductivity, Available N2O, P2O5, and K2O were low to medium range and sulphur content was found in medium range. Hence, various efforts viz. use of biofertilizers, organic manures with balanced chemical fertilizers were suggested for farmers regarding the benefits of improving soil fertility and nutrition status.


By means of selecting typical test point and establishing relative data mining model,the associated relation between the maximum strength and the trolley location is analyzed.With the help of visualization tools,the mining for the association rule is done to a certain depth,and the usefulness and the certainty of the rule are evaluated with its support,confidence and lift.


The author is thankful to Institute of Industrial Relations at Seoul National University for its financial support for this research.


Abstract A kind of nonphosphine polymer catalyst has been synthesized by partial substitution of the chlorine atoms of poly(vinyl chloride) with -SR groups (n-propyl, n-hexyl, benzyl, and p-tolyl). Rhodium complexes of these sulfur-containing polymer ligands are highly active catalysts for the hydroformylation of α-olefins. At 60°C and 60 kg/cm2, conversion of 1-hexene was nearly complete within 4–6 h. The rhodium to 1-hexene mole ratio was 1/800 to 1/1 000, and the catalyst could be reused once again without losing activity. The effects of reaction temperature, pressure, H2/CO ratio, S/Rh ratio, concentration of catalyst, and reaction time on the catalyst's activity were examined. The possible mechanism of hydroformylation is discussed. A copolymer of butyl vinyl sulfide and acrylonitrile was synthesized and its rhodium complex was prepared. The catalytic acitvities of this complex for the hydroformylation of 1-hexene was also investigated.


The extracting and decoloring technique of aloe gel liquor and optimum decoloring conditions were studied. Decoloring rate as the index,the factors affecting the decoloring processing technique was filtrated by orthogonal experiments with 4 factors and 3 levels.It showed that the effects of factor A and factor B were remarkable and the optimum decoloring condition was A 1B 3C 2D 1(Aloe gel liquor:1:1,active carbon:0.5%,decoloring methods:whisking in general temperature,decoloring time:20 min)


The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of
key research insights about child abuse and neglect, since the early 1960s,
with an emphasis on prevention science and practices. A narrative review of the
literature was selected to highlight the overall pattern of research findings
related to the prevention of child abuse and
neglect. This paper takes an ambitious goal of exploring whether working
together towards a society free of child abuse is pure imagination, a
possibility, a reality, or something else. The World report on violence and
health recommends a public health approach within an ecological framework that emphasises social-justice methods
as promising universal prevention strategies to end child abuse and
neglect. In addition, collective and coordinated efforts of researchers,
practitioners, policy makers, parents and caregivers have the potential to
change the current situation, and substantially contribute to stronger futures
where all children live within safer families and societies, free from abuse
and neglect. However, many challenges exist in the current global climate of
great social, economic and health inequalities. Nevertheless, this paper is
motivated by a strong hope that it is possible to globally eradicate child
abuse and neglect and emphasise that every child in the world has the right to live free from abuse and neglect, and to feel
safe, respected, valued and treated with dignity in public and family
life.


Abstract: In vitro and clinical methods providing data to obtain the wear equations and models for dental composites are summarized. The general criticism about wear equations being less beneficial for practical use for wear prediction is discussed. In general, the objective of this chapter is to find not an alternative to the existing predictive models, but a way of correlating clinical wear observations and results of in vitro models to establish clinical corroboration for the predictive wear models. For future work, analysis of wear patterns in retrieved restorations and artificial neural networks for wear prediction are proposed.


Ara, the first novel of the Portuguese writer Ana Luisa Amaral, is a book which brings several puzzles, both in its narrative construction, as in the issues it raises. Is Ara a sacred altar which would consecrate the human? The ethereal? From this initial question, this article aims to look into the text, analysing Ara as a journey in
itself, in questioning the narrative and normative standards.


LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
桐城派是中國文學史上的重要流派,"有清一代的古文,前前後後殆無不與桐城生關係"(郭紹虞語)。桐城古文的流傳,前後有三個重要時期:一是姚鼐晚年在江南的書院講學;二是道光年間梅曾亮在京師傳桐城古文義法;三是咸同間曾國藩登高一呼,奠定了桐城古文的中興局面。這三個時期中,桐城古文義法經由梅曾亮,如何在京師以及全國範圍内流傳,在以往的"桐城派"研究中,是一個非常薄弱的環節。梅曾亮傳播桐城古文,是通過師友交游的方式,不同於姚鼐的書院講學和曾國藩的幕府納士。這種交往難以從文論的角度來討論,但在衆多的清人文集中,又留有清晰的印跡。本文從京師士大夫的交往方式和特定的文人圈子入手,以具體史料來還原梅曾亮在京師的師友交游,和他周圍古文圈子的形成。同時,本文也兼顧這一古文圈予與京師其他士大夫圈子間離合交錯的關係,從而鈎沉出道光年間桐城古文經由梅曾亮的京師交游傳播到全國的具體過程。The T'ung-ch'eng school is a very important literary genre in Chinese literary history, "All prose of Qing dynasty have relationship with T'ung-ch'eng prose". There are three important periods of time in the diffustion of T'ung-ch'eng prose writing law. In the first period Yao Nai teached in colleges of south city in his senectitude. In the second period Mei Tseng-liang associated with his "mentors and friends" in Hsuan-an of capital during Tao kuang period. In the third period Tseng Kuo-fan advocated T'ung-ch'eng Prose utmostly during Xian Feng and Tong Zhi period, causing the resurgence of the T'ung-ch'eng school. Among these periods, the study about the second is the most feeble tache. The method of Mei Tseng-liang transmited T'ung-ch'eng prose writing law in capital, is different from Yao Nai's giving lectures and Tseng Kuo-fan's setting up his private bureaucracy. It's hard to discuss this association from the point of literary theory, but there have left a lot of testimony in poetry and prose anthology of Qing literati. My thesis starts with the association of capital literati, through citing detailed historial materials, to revivify the history of Mei Tseng-liang and the acient prose group around him. At the same time, I also pay attention to the other literati circles in capital, analyzing their anfractuous relationship, accordingly attest to the particular process of T'ung-ch'eng ancient prose spreading to all of the country through Mei Tseng-liang.


The system (400A-B) to perform the method and wherein the method is provided. The method includes receiving a request from the non-security routine and performing a non-security routine. The method also includes performing a second evaluation of the request from the security routine in the step of performing a first evaluation of the request, the software on the hardware. And the computer system (400A-B) comprises a configurable processor 404 to execute the security routine and non-security routine. The computer system (400A-B) may also include associated hardware to perform a first evaluation of the request related to the non-security routine. The hardware is also configured to provide to said security routine for notification of the request. It said security routine is configured to perform a second evaluation of the request. It said security routine is further configured to reject the request in response to the request.


Since the probability of developing or dying from most neurologic disorders is relatively small, the Poisson distribution is often utilized to establish confidence intervals around rates or ratios for


The paper presents a new method for the identification of plasma streams in the solar wind by self-learning neural classification network on their spectral features in magnetic hydrodynamic range. To do this, the wavelet skeleton spectrums of solar wind parameters of the interplanetary magnetic field recorded in Earth orbit by patrol spacecraft is calculate. Algorithm for classification of wavelet skeleton spectral images for plasma streams in the solar wind on the Earth's orbit, based on neural network processing of compressed data on the main magnetic and dynamic parameters of the flow is propose. A neural network like Kohonen layer differentiated by frequency ranges performs the classification. Specifically, analyzes and establishes the spectral features of solar plasma flows in the form of magnetic clouds (MC), corotating interaction regions (CIR), shock waves (Shocks) and high-speed streams from coronal holes (HSS).


SUMMARY For estimating the variance of nonlinear statistics in large-scale complex surveys, the method of balanced repeated replications has received special attention. The method at present is useful in stratified clustered designs with equal number of primary selections from each stratum. This paper extends the method to general sample designs with arbitrary number of selections from each stratum. It is shown that mixed orthogonal arrays of strength two, or equivalently, equal frequency orthogonal main-effect plans for asymmetrical factorials give a set of balanced subsamples useful in variance estimation.


A 29-year-old East Asian woman presented to our plastic and reconstructive surgery clinic with asymptomatic, well-defined, yellowish round nodules on her left lower eyelid. Four years previously, she had received an injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler (Restylane ; Q-Medical, Uppsala, Sweden) into both lower eyelids for lower pretarsal augmentation at a local clinic. Approximately 5 months after the injection, a firm, lumpy area developed on the left lower eyelid, at the injection site. Physical examination revealed firm, yellow lumps on the patient's left lower eyelid (Fig. 1a). There were no inflammatory signs or symptoms at the site of injection. The patient underwent surgical excision of the nodules under local anaesthesia. The excised specimen was 3 9 3 mm in size, and was a well-demarcated, firm, yellowish, round nodule (Fig. 1b). To determine whether the lump consisted of HA, we stained the excised specimen with Alcian blue pH 2.5. The excised lump stained positively (Fig. 2a), and after processing with hyaluronidase, it stained negatively (Fig. 2b), thereby confirming that the lump was noninflammatory and composed purely of HA filler. In general, inflammatory nodules and granuloma formation are considered late adverse events of fillers, occurring 8–12 days after injection. These nodules may subsequently enlarge over 6 months at all injected sites. Many theories exist as to the aetiology of foreign-body reaction to HA filler injections. A hypersensitivity reaction to a tiny amount of protein contaminants within the filler or bacterial contamination at the time of filler injection have been suggested as potential aetiologies for the granulomatous response. However, the nodule in this case represents a very rare local complication of HA filler injection. Furthermore, the mechanism by which a noninflammatory lump from HA filler injection develops is not clear. We suggest several hypotheses to explain this mechanism. First, there is a possibility that the depth of filler injection was inadequate. It is better to inject into the mid to deep dermis or beneath the dermosubcutaneous junction or submuscular level than into the superficial dermis in order to avoid nodule formation. Second, the amount or activity of hyaluronidase might differ according to the depth of the skin tissue. In addition, there may also be differences in individual hyaluronidases. Third, there are active facial muscle movements around the perioral area; hyperfunctional movement of the orbicularis oculi muscle might push the injected HA filler materials superficially, at which point the injected HA materials might not be able to disperse into surrounding tissue and therefore will clump in the dermis. Fourth, a foreign-body reaction, such as granulomatous or inflammatory responses, might not have developed because of the fibrous capsule formed earlier. Quite recently, the first case of a late-onset, noninflammatory, encapsulated reaction to HA filler injection was reported. Although a delayed noninflammatory nodule is a very infrequent complication of HA filler injection, physicians need to be alert to the possibility of the development of a pure HA nodule. (a)


Pharmacokinetics and hematopoietic effects of KW-2228 and recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in monkeys were studied after a single intravenous, a single subcutaneous and repeated subcutaneous administration at a dose of 10μg/kg or 10μg/kg/day. 1. After a single administration of KW-2228, white blood cell (WBC) count in peripheral blood largely increased. WBC reached a maximum level, about 2 times higher than basal level, at 12hr after administration, and returned to control level at 24hr. WBC count was 4 times higher than basal level, at 12hr after a single subcutaneous administration of KW-2228. After repeated administration for 10 days, the WBC showed 6 times higher level than basal one. It was due to the increase of segmented neutrophils. The same effect was also observed after rhG-CSF administration and there was no differences between the effect of KW-2228 and rhG-CSF. Red blood cell and platelet counts were not changed in this experiments. 2. After a single intravenous administration, KW-2228 and rhG-CSF showed biexponential elimination from the plasma. Half-lives of KW-2228 were 0.43±0.09 (α) and 1.34±0.35hr (β), respectively, which were a little longer than those of rhG-CSF, 0.40±0.04(α) and 1.11±0.05hr (β). 3. After a single subcutaneous administration of KW-2228 or rhG-CSF, both plasma levels reached maximum levels of 13.20±3.76, 8.96±2.81ng/ml respectively, at 2hr, and then were eliminated monoexponentially. Plasma levels of KW-2228 were significantly higher (1.5 ?? 2 times) than those of rhG-CSF, especially in the elimination phase. Elimination half-life of KW-2228 was not different from that of rhG-CSF. 4. After repeated subcutaneous administration for 10 days, Cmax of KW-2228 was decreased to about 2/5 of that of a single administration and elimination half-life was about 2/3. Also AUC was decreased to 1/4. The same results were obtained after rhG-CSF administration. No difference was shown between plasma levels of KW-2228 and rhG-CSF after repeated administration.


Background: Universitas Binawan is a higher education institution located in the east area of Jakarta, which is adjacent to the Ciliwung River. This river often becomes the cause of the flood; hence the Binawan campus is frequently used to shelter the survivors . Students accordingly become respondents to give aid to those in need. However, knowledge regarding disaster preparedness of the students and factors influencing it have yet to be known. Hypothetically, the demography of the students may affect their level of expertise. Purpose: This study investigates the correlation of demographics (age, semester level, gender and significant field) with disaster preparedness knowledge. Method: Using a cross-sectional design with a survey method, this study involved 318 participants that were selected purposively. Data was collected using a questionnaire through an online platform, then analyzed with Wilcoxon and Chi-Square test. Result: Result shows that age (p = 0.000) and major field (p = 0.020) have significant correlation with disaster preparedness knowledge, while semester level (p = 0.134) and gender (p = 0.936) have no correlation. Conclusion: This study reveals that not all demographic factors affect students' level of knowledge regarding disaster preparedness. Further research needs to be conducted to scrutinize other factors that may influence it.


In the Letter of van Tiggelen et al. [1], one can read ''The Galilean transformation imposes that E0 E v B and B0 B 1=c2 v E both for the static and the dynamic fields. . .The Galilean invariance of the Feigel Hypothesis. . . follows.'' [2]. It has been known since 1973 at least that these equations cannot describe fields in moving media: Lévy-Leblond and Le Bellac [3,4] have shown that these transformations do not form a group as two successive transformations do not give a similar transformation. A theory of moving media is covariant with respect to either the Lorentz transformations or the Galilean transformations of the fields, first introduced by Lévy-Leblond and Le Bellac. Indeed, they have shown that there exist two Galilean limits of the full set of Maxwell equations: the magnetic limit and the electric limit. If one denotes 1 v2=c2 1=2, where c is the light velocity, the relativistic transformations for the fields in vacuum between two inertial frames with relative velocity v are


Remarks upon the present shortcomings of publications dealing with physics at both scholarly and popular levels of exposition, with suggestions for improvement.


The ethnopharmacological study contributes to the discovery of new drugs and especially those facing anticancer therapy. Tumors affect various tissues in a benign or malignant way. Malignant form includes abnormal growth of cells, invasion of new tissues by tumor cells dispersion in the organism resulting in death in many cases. Since anticancer drugs severely affect normal cells, it is noteworthy that the use of plant extracts and derivatives in cancer treatment is of fundamental value in chronic diseases control. The use of medicinal plants spans all continents, ranging in specific/native plant availability, cultural and historical values. The scientific validation of medicinal preparations used popularly not only ends up taking the confirmation of new ways to treat cancer, but in parallel leads us to understand, by means of pre-clinical trials, the action mechanism of bioactive compounds on cells tumor. Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal Brazilian Journal of Hygiene and Animal Sanity ISSN: 1981-2965


The sources and fate of sedimentary organic carbon(SOC)in LDEs play a critical role in controlling the global carbon cycle.Surface sediments were collected from the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent sea.Grain size composition,OC and stable carbon isotope composition,lignin-phenols and pigments were analyzed by combining the results of three end-member mixing model based on Monte-Carlo Simulation to discuss the sources,distribution and diagenetic state of SOC.The results showed that OC content of surface sediments from Changjiang Estuary ranged from 0.21% to 0.63%.Theδ13 C of TOC in this study ranged from-23.1‰ to-20.9‰,indicating a mixture of terrestrial and marine derived OC.The OCnormalized lignin phenols(Λ8)ranged from 0.16 to 1.41mg/100 mg OC and its composition characteristics showed that they originated from a mixture of woody and nonwoody angiosperms.The dominant fraction of sedimentary pigments was degradation products of chlorophyll and mainly distributed in outer shelf.The main fraction of carotenoid was fucoxanthin,indicating that diatoms were dominant species in the study area.Based on the three end-member mixing model,the contribution of marine OC increased from 54.3%in the river mouth to 88.1%in the outer shelf with an average of 70.2%.The contributions of soil(9.3to 32.1%,22.3%in average)and C3 vascular plant(2.7to 13.6%,7.5%in average)were relatively small and both were higher in the Changjiang Estaury and Zhe-Min coast.Significant correlation and coincidence in the distribution of grain size composition,OC,δ13Cand biomarker concentrations showed that hydrodynamic sorting processes play an important role on the transport of terrestrial OC.Fresh and lignin-rich terrestrial high plant debris mainly associated with coarse particles and settled on the estuary,whereas lignin-poor soil-derived OC mainly associated with fine particles and can be transported far away from estuary.The lignin degradation indices,such as ratios of acid and aldehyde,3,5-Bd/V and P/(S+V)were relatively high in offshore sandy regions indicated that terrestrial OC was highly degraded in this area,whereas the ratio of degradation products of chlorophyll was relatively high in the Changjiang Estuary mud-belt area,probably due to the strong OC remineralization in the mud deposits.


Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber was modified with NH2OH and FeCl3 aqueous solution to prepare Fe (III)-amidoximated PAN fiber complex (Fe-AO-PAN), which was characterized using FTIR, XPS, and DRS respectively. Then the photocatalytic activity of Fe-AO-PAN was evaluated in degradation of a typical organic dye, Rhodamine B in the presence of H2O2 under visible light irradiation. The results indicated that Fe (III) ions can be fixed on the surface of Fe-AO-PAN by the coordination of Fe (III) ions with the amino nitrogen atoms and hydroxyl oxygen atoms of the amidoximation groups. Fe-AO-PAN is found to be activated in the visible light region. Moreover, Fe-AO-PAN shows the catalytic activity for dye degradation at pH=6.0 in the dark, and can be significantly enhanced under visible light irradiation.


In this paper, recursive least squares method (RLSM) which is one of the adaptable classical methods is used. Forgetting factor approach is adapted to RLSM to obtain phase information of voltage signal belonging to an electric power network at first. Then responses of the algorithm are investigated for the signal which has zero magnitude for a specific time interval. And the examination of the frequency spectrum with RLSM method algorithm is done. Simulations are carried out by developing MATLABTM codes. Simulation results of method are presented. Ill. 4, bibl. 9 (in English; abstracts in English, Russian and Lithuanian).


Building on our earlier work conceptualizing teaching as the management of instructional exchanges, we lay out a theory of the practical rationality of mathematics teaching—that is, a theory of the grounds upon which instructional actions specific to mathematics can be justified or rebuffed. We do that from a perspective informed by what experienced practitioners consider viable but also in ways that suggest operational avenues for the study of instructional improvement, in particular for improvements that enable students to do more authentic mathematical work. We show how different kinds of experiments can be used to engage in theory building and provide examples of initial work in building this theory.


We develop a comprehensive statistical model for the distribution of observed separations in binary star systems, in terms of distributions of orbital elements, projection effects, and distances to systems. We use this model to derive several diagnostics for estimating the completeness of imaging searches for stellar companions, and the underlying stellar multiplicities. In application to recent imaging searches for low-luminosity companions to nearby M dwarf stars, and for companions to young stars in nearby star-forming regions, our analyses reveal substantial uncertainty in estimates of stellar multiplicity. For binary stars with late-type dwarf companions, semimajor axes appear to be distributed approximately as a(exp -1) for values ranging from about one to several thousand astronomical units. About one-quarter of the companions to field F and G dwarf stars have semimajor axes less than 1 AU, and about 15% lie beyond 1000 AU. The geometric efficiency (fraction of companions imaged onto the detector) of imaging searches is nearly independent of distances to program stars and orbital eccentricities, and varies only slowly with detector spatial limitations.


The conceptual artist John Latham (1921–2006) is sometimes cast as disconnected from the currents of British visual culture. Latham's idiosyncratic cosmology, based upon time and events and incorporating human creativity rather than matter and energy, is used to distinguish this disconnection. This article argues, however, that his work can be seen as closely related to that of other mid-century cultural producers who were engaged with alternative cosmic speculations, and part of a broader shift in the register of representation. Papers from the Latham digital archive help make this case.


In this article, the authors reflect on the lessons of their Stanford Prison Experiment, some 25 years after conducting it. They review the quarter century of change in criminal justice and correctional policies that has transpired since the Stanford Prison Experiment and then develop a series of reform-oriented proposals drawn from this and related studies on the power of social situations and institutional settings that can be applied to the current crisis in American corrections.


The questionary test of Neymann-Kohlstedt slightly modified by the author was used to study the temperamental inclinations of youngsters at the age of thrirteen coursing primary school in Recife (Pernambuco). Among 1097, 674 were found to be introverts (246 boys and 428 girls), 255 ambiverts (107 boys and 148 girls) and 168 extroverts (68 boys and 100 girls).


The stator has a plurality of segments which are connected using the joint to form the stator core. Segments respectively, are disposed juxtaposed to comprise a plurality of laminations forming a lamination stack having axial end surfaces. Lamination stack has an axial surface abutting the end cap of the lamination stack. The end cap has first and second post extending from the end cap in the axial direction. At least one of the posts defines a wire path of the wire wound around the stack. Fitting each includes a bridge portion. Bridge section has an opening sized to joint can receive a post to be removably attached to the post of the end cap of the post and the adjacent segments of the end cap of the segment. Joint has an insulator portion protruding from the bridge portion. Insulator portion, when the fitting is removably attached to the adjacent segments, extending between adjacent segments.


In this paper, we study the long-time dynamics and stability properties of the sine-Gordon equation $$f_{tt}-f_{xx}+\sin f=0.$$ Firstly, we use the nonlinear steepest descent for Riemann-Hilbert problems to compute the long-time asymptotics of the solutions to the sine-Gordon equation whose initial condition belongs to some weighted Sobolev spaces. Secondly, we study the asymptotic stability of the sine-Gordon equation. It is known that the obstruction to the asymptotic stability of the sine-Gordon equation in the energy space is the existence of small breathers which is also closely related to the emergence of wobbling kinks. Combining the long-time asymptotics and a refined approximation argument, we analyze the asymptotic stability properties of the sine-Gordon equation in weighted energy spaces. Our stability analysis gives a criterion for the weight which is sharp up to the endpoint so that the asymptotic stability holds.


It is clear that there is but one substance in the world, and that man is its ultimate expression. Julien Offray de la Mettrie Uni-substantialism. You won't find "uni-substantialism" in the publications of Alfred Korzybski, nor of other writers on general-semantics. I invented the term - rather, I made it up for my "Neuroscience Update 1995" which recently appeared in the General Semantics Bulletin. (1) In so doing I am accepting Korzybski's published invitation to time-bind with him in the further building and development of his system. (I have done this before. See glossary entry XIV, "neuro-linguistic feedback.") (2) Korzybski often wrote that one person alone could not do what he was attempting, namely, formulating and developing and testing the "first non-aristotelian system." He called for help from responsible, serious "coworkers." (Despite his rollicking, sometimes devilish sense of humor, Korzybski was a very serious man. But then, we can't be safely serious if our seriousness is not leavened by a well-exercised sense of humor.) This glossary entry represents one of my modest but not trivial contributions in answer to Korzybski's call. When Korzybski formulated non-elementalism, (3) he was concerned to correct for the structurally unsound splitting with words of non-verbal, unitary structures, e.g., 'mind' and body, etc. He recommended that we 'join' what was not separated in the first place with the extensional device of the hyphen; thus, 'mind'-body, etc. More importantly, he recommended that we (and he) search for terms that don't suggest the sharp, elementalistic split at all; such 'terms' as organism-as-a-whole-in-an-environment-at-a-given-date. Well, that's about as clumsy as we could wish, and we still need the hyphens. Some of Korzybski's better consciously formulated non-elementalistic terms are: semantic reaction (which includes 'thought,"feeling,' non-verbal, organism-as-a-whole effects, etc.), formulation (which includes the formulator), process (unitary but in discernible gradients), evaluation (which includes the evaluator), consciousness of abstracting, extensional devices (to promote consciousness of abstracting, consciousness of process, the extensional orientation), etc. These are all represented in prior installments of this glossary. Underlying Korzybski's formulation of non-elementalism is his awareness that we have evidence for only one 'stuff' in (of) the 'universe,' humans included. He indicated this awareness in his use of such terms as "plenum," "plenum of some structure" (to be determined by scientific work), "process," "organism-as-a-whole-in-an-environment," "differentiation of structure," "excitation-transmission gradients," etc. What we know positively about 'space' is that it is not 'emptiness,' but 'fulness,' or a 'plenum.' Now 'fulness' or a 'plenum,' first of all, is a term of entirely ... non-el [non-elementalistic] structure. When we have a plenum of fulness, it must be a plenum of 'something,"somewhere,' at 'some time,' ... . The problems of 'time' are similar, although they have a different neurological background. ... What we have to deal with in this world and in ourselves appears as periods and periodicity, pulsations, [etc.]. We are made up of very long chains of atomic pulsating clocks, on the sub-microscopic level. On the macroscopic level, we have also to deal with periodic occurrences, of hunger, sleep, breathing, heartbeats. We know already that, beyond some limits, discontinuous times, when rapid enough, are blended into continuous feelings of pressure, or warmth, or light. On objective levels we deal with times, and we feel 'time,' when the times are rapid enough. ... The splitting of these processes into 'matter,' 'space,' and 'time' is a characteristic function of our nervous system. These abstractions are inside our skins, and are methods of representation for ourselves to ourselves, and are not the objective world around us. …


Super Vision considers common problems of therapeutic practice. The aim is not to define a single 'best' way, but rather to show the diversity of valid approaches. Three senior practitioners were asked how they would handle the problem of the therapy veteran. (editor abstract)


Street canyons become a common feature in many countries due to a rapid increase in the population densities in many cities around the world. Noise control at sources is one of the most effective methods from a physical point of view. However, it is difficult, if not impossible, to implement this idea in practice. A possible solution is to understand the acoustic environment of a street canyon before noise control measures are implemented in this complex urban environment. The reverberation time is often used as an index to assess the acoustic environment of the street canyon but there are relatively few studies dedicated to the development of a simple but accurate formula for its prediction. Based on an energy approach, an integral equation and then a simple approximate formula have been developed to predict the reverberation times for a street canyon in the present study. The predicted results of the proposed formulae are compared well with experimental and theoretical results obtained from previous studies.


Aim of the study was to develop a transient electric-thermal model using finite element method to determine the temperature distribution on work piece during single discharge machining of BeCu alloy. An axis symmetric three-dimensional model was used to get the temperature distribution in the Powder Mixed Electrical Discharge Machining process.Machining process has been modelled and simulated using ANSYS 15.0 software. The temperature profile was utilised to estimate the material removal rate of BeCu alloy. Experiments were carried out to validate the numerical results. During the experimentation and numerical simulation,electrical parameters namely pulse on time, pulse off time, and gap voltage were kept constant throughout the experimentation. Powder concentration was varied as 2 gm/lit, 4 gm/lit and 6 gm/lit. Whereas, gap current was varied from 8 A to 14 A with the constant interval of 2 amperes.Alumina powder of 325 mesh size was used during the experimentation. Based on experimental results it was found that material removal rate increases with increase in powder concentration and gap current.The reason being that the temperature attained on the work piece was more than the melting point of the work piece. From the numerical simulation it was observed that the temperature increases with increase in gap current and powder concentration. Thereby increasing the material removal rate. The average percentage error obtained between numerical and experimental was 7.8 %. Thus there was a good agreement between the experimental and numerical results. And the software model helps to simulate the real time results efficiently.


Copulation with sperm transfer was observed between the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and the carambola fruit fly, B. carambolae (Drew & Hancock), in outdoor field cages in Suriname. Sterilized oriental fruit flies from Hawaii were shipped to Suriname for testing against wild carambola fruit flies to investigate whether the oriental fruit fly could be used in a potential sterile insect program against the carambola fruit fly. Of 217 total observed copulations on 5 test dates, 17 (7.8%) were interspecific, and 10 (4.6%) were of the crucial type, sterile oriental fruit fly ♂ × wild carambola fruit fly ♀. Interspecific copulations tended to be of short duration, especially when the male was an oriental fruit fly (i.e., average time in copula was 148.0 min for carambola fruit fly ♂ × oriental fruit fly ♀, whereas only 4.67 min for oriental fruit fly ♂ × carambola fruit fly ♀ at a 5:1 oriental fruit fly:carambola fruit fly ratio). Homogamic (like with like) pairings tended to be longer, especially for carambola fruit fly, with average times in copula of 115.7 and 481.4 min for oriental fruit fly ♂ × oriental fruit fly ♀ and carambola fruit fly ♂ × carambola fruit fly ♀, respectively. With both sexes present, oriental fruit flies began mating earlier in the evening (≈2,500-lux), whereas carambola fruit flies started mating at ≈300 lux. With only sterile male oriental fruit flies released, the proportion of interspecific pairs (oriental fruit fly ♂ × carambola fruit fly ♀) rose to return ⅓ of the total, at a sterile ♂: wild ♂ ratio of 5:1. This was 3-fold higher than for the release of bisexual oriental fruit fly. An index of mating isolation, relative isolation index, was high (>100, where random mating = 1) because of high assortative mating in the case of bisexual oriental fruit fly. Approximately 70% of carambola fruit fly females that copulated with carambola fruit fly males had sperm in their spermathecae. By comparison, 0% (0/6 flies) were mated in the case of carambola fruit fly ♀ mated to oriental fruit fly ♂ when both oriental fruit fly sexes were present, whereas 50% (2/4 flies) were mated when males-only oriental fruit fly were released.


Let M be a semifinite von Neumann algebra and denote by J(M) the closed two-sided ideal generated by the finite projections in M. A subspace S c M is called local if it is equal to the ultraweak closure of S ni J(M) . If M = B(H) and J(M) = K(H), Fall, Arveson, and Muhly proved that S + J(M) is closed for every local subspace S. In this note we prove that if M is a type 11,0 factor, then there exist local subspaces in M which fail to have closed compact ideal perturbations; thus answering in the negative a question of Kaftal, Larson, and Weiss.


A new type of speckle shearing interferometer is proposed and studied experimentally. In the method a liquid-crystal is employed as a phase shifter to apply the phase shifting method for the conventional speckle shearing interferometer. The phase of the transmitted light is changed due to its birefringent property for the applied electric field. It is shown from the measurements of the fundamental properties of the liquid-crystal that the additional phase introduced between the sheared two images can be precisely controlled up to about 2ir by changing the applying voltage. From the experiments to measure the deformation of an object having a rough surface usefulness of the method is confirmed. 1.


Ivy Smith was admitted to the accident and emergency (A&E) department following an overdose. The A&E staff attempted to 'pump' her out, but she died despite their efforts. The coroner was informed. Ivy's mother said that she did not feel that she could give evidence at an inquest and wondered if she could be excused. What is the law?


Disclosed is an object to provide a method and apparatus for manufacturing a dry food. Manufacturing method according to the present invention includes, to enhance the water permeability of moisture dry food, food epidermal processes dry food in an amount of acid solution and time for sufficient reforming, desired moisture by heat so as to obtain an amount, heat dehydrated food product treated with an acid solution, is treated with an acid solution, heating the dehydrated food is cooled, treated with an acid solution, dried, cooled food infusate to inject. .FIELD 1


A correlation-based ~''Hebbian'' ! learning rule at a spike level with millisecond resolution is formulated, mathematically analyzed, and compared with learning in a firing-rate description. The relative timing of presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes influences synaptic weights via an asymmetric ''learning window.'' A differential equation for the learning dynamics is derived under the assumption that the time scales of learning and neuronal spike dynamics can be separated. The differential equation is solved for a Poissonian neuron model with stochastic spike arrival. It is shown that correlations between input and output spikes tend to stabilize structure formation. With an appropriate choice of parameters, learning leads to an intrinsic normalization of the average weight and the output firing rate. Noise generates diffusion-like spreading of synaptic weights. @S1063-651X~99!02804-4#


Since 20 years before,there has been great performance in shrimp industry development of many countries,and it contributed greatly to global food safe,food supply,economics increasing,international trade balance,and obtain employment,the shrimp has been the most important aquaculture in international trade.How to scale the shrimp industry international competition ability of each country,then,put forward some pertinence countermeasures,is an important problem.The article chooses five biggest shrimp export countries' reality data,by calculating some indicators and doing the principal component analysis,lastly,gets the appraisal numerical values of each country's shrimp industry international competitiveness,then gives the recommendations on enhancing China's shrimp industry international competitiveness.


We present a detailed microscopic study of edge excitations for n filled Landau levels. We show that the higher-level wavefunctions possess a non-trivial radial dependence that should be integrated over for properly defining the edge conformal field theory. This analysis let's us clarify the role of the electron orbital spin s in the edge theory and to discuss its universality, thus providing a further instance of the bulk-boundary correspondence. We find that the values si for each level, parameterize a Casimir effect or chemical potential shift that could be experimentally observed. These results are generalized to fractional and hierarchical fillings by exploiting the W-infinity symmetry of incompressible Hall fluids.


This special issue comprises papers presented at the conference titled 'Nature and Culture in Medieval Towns', arranged by the Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research (NIKU) and held in Oslo on the 6th–7th March 2019. This special issue presents four papers that explore how the dynamics between nature and culture both affected, and was affected by, the development of medieval urban settlements in the North Atlantic region, and more specifically in medieval England and Norway. Insights through interdisciplinary discussions of new and previously known archaeological data, in juxtaposition to written sources, and from novel theoretical perspectives, allow us to gain a deeper knowledge of the aforementioned dynamics. The focus on medieval urban sites becomes significant due to the recent tendencies in environmental history to promote the study of more varied social and demographic contexts as these are inevitably linked to, formed by, and forming back the environment within which they are created. In the Middle Ages, the environment was certainly under pressure and was transformed by, among other factors, intensified centralisation and urbanisation. Medieval towns were some of the first institutions that left a distinct 'ecological footprints', as they were dependent on the intensified exchange of energy (food, water, fuel), material (wood, stone, raw material) and waste with the surrounding ecosystems. Towns were also the main foci of political, administrative, economic, and religious activities, and the places where descriptive and prescriptive narratives about the society and people's place in the environment were often (but not exclusively) written. Medieval urbanisation, inseparable from its environment, encompassed ecological and cultural innovations that changed nature-culture dynamics permanently and formed the historical background for modern urban development. In the first article, 'Urban Infrastructures & Environmental Risk in Medieval England', Roberta J. Magnusson accounts for how infrastructure sustainability became an acute problem in England during the Great Transition of the late Middle Ages. The shift from the Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age led to more erratic weather fluctuations and amplified the frequency and violence of severe storms. A growing mismatch in scale between rising infrastructure costs and declining resources was not just another wobble that could be corrected by a renewed mobilisation of traditional recovery mechanisms. If medieval urban infrastructures were to survive into the early modern world, they, and the organisational systems that supported them, would require reconfiguring and restructuring. This article addresses how the environmental hazards threatened three types of urban infrastructures in medieval England: rubble-core city walls, arched masonry bridges, and maritime harbour fixtures, and the ways in which medieval townsmen sought to sustain these public works. In the second article, Axel Christophersen, argues that a study of the longer-term perspectives of social, cultural, mental, and material interactions between people and environment are needed to better comprehend the dynamics and changes in urban ecosystems. The article discusses the medieval version of the concept of 'nature' in order to explore (1) how medieval mentalities determined people's attitudes to nature and (2) how these influenced action and non-action when 'nature' rebelled. This approach is applied to a case study of medieval Trondheim, conducted by archaeologists, historians, bio-archaeologists, geneticists, and epidemiologists, where human, plant and animal remains are studied together with physical interventions (drainage, waste disposal etc.) that aimed to prevent infectious deceases in the urban landscape. This investigation provides a new understanding of how the urban community and authorities acted in the case of epidemics and climate-driven famines in medieval Norway. The article by Per Christian Underhaug discusses how water management systems during the period AD 1050–1250 shaped urban and social spaces in early medieval Bergen, Western Norway. An analysis of archaeological material from recent excavations, relevant written sources, and recent geological data demonstrates that the abundance of water from rainfall, rivers and streams was a very important resource for the development of early urban Bergen. Interventions of regulation and drainage were considered necessary and contributed to the organisation of the medieval town. Recent excavations have uncovered water management systems from the eleventh century and onwards, providing new and previously unknown


SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is the most effective strategy to protect patients with haematologic malignancies against severe COVID-19, but primary vaccine responses are less effective in this population. Here, we characterized the humoral responses following 3 months after mRNA-based vaccines in patients at different stages of the same plasma cell diseases, including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) and multiple myeloma on first line therapy (MM), compared to a healthy control population matched by sex and age. We observed that plasmas from uninfected MM patients after 3 months post-vaccine have lower SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgA antibodies and decreased neutralization capacity compared with MGUS and SMM individuals, and a group of healthy controls. Importantly, we detected significantly higher plasma neutralization capacity in MM individuals who recovered from COVID-19 compared to their uninfected counterparts, highlighting that hybrid immunity elicit stronger immune responses even in this immunocompromised population. In contrast to MM group, no differences in the vaccine-induced humoral response were observed between uninfected MGUS, SMM and healthy individuals. In conclusion, a booster vaccine dose is recommended in uninfected MM patients to develop an adequate and effective humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.


Desktop is offered to each individual in Educational environments of school or academy, as the users are increasing, the more Desktop is required for each person. Huge Desktop accession resulted in many problems including difficulty of management, Software and Hardware cost rising, cramped places, power consumption increasing and etc. To solve those problems, we focus into uprising technology solution, such as Multi Computer, Desktop Virtualization, and DaaS(Desktop as a Service). In this paper, existing problems that can dramatically improve the private cloud computing for desktop virtualization with the requirements of the system were analyzed.


We present an approach for systematic high-speed characterization of VCSELs and discuss both its potential benefits and problems. We show how the VCSEL dynamics, under certain conditions, can be well described by a small number of key parameters that can be extracted from measurements and used for further optimization. The calibrated small signal modulation responses of the laser are measured and fitted to an analytical transfer function allowing the estimation of the resonance frequency, damping factor and parasitic cut-off at different bias points. From this data the relative importance of different bandwidth limiting effects due to damping, thermal heating and parasitics can be deducted. We illustrate the approach on 850nm datacom VCSELs using either ion implantation, selective oxidation or semi-insulating regrowth for current confinement. The bandwidth ofthe implanted device appears to be limited by parasitics effects to 3.3GHz. Due to a much smaller injection diameter, the oxidized VCSEL reaches 10GHz, being mainly limited by the high damping. Finally the regrown VCSEL operates up to 5GHz, limited by the parasitics


Land use change is one of the crucial factors affecting carbon emissions. The continuously increasing CO2 and global warming have raised concerns about carbon emission reduction in the process of urbanization. In this research, the Markov and multi-objective optimization models were conducted to predict the demands for land use in Nanjing in 2030 and 2060 under the natural growth (NG) and minimum carbon emission (MCE) scenarios to coordinate the needs of economic development, ecological protection and food security as well as the target of carbon emissions reduction in the future. The spatial distribution of land use simulated by the FLUS (Future Land Use Simulation) model was used to evaluate the effects of future land use on carbon emissions. The results showed that 1) The demands for each type of land use in the NG scenario were significantly different from those in the MCE scenario. Considering the goals of food security and ecological protection in the future, the total amount of cultivated land would not decrease in the MCE scenario, and the area of construction land was significantly smaller than that in the NG scenario. 2) The carbon emissions of Nanjing under the MCE scenario would decrease by 3.94 and 11.80 million tons in 2030 and 2060, respectively, accounting for 9.97% and 27.17% of the total carbon emissions. The optimization of land use patterns can effectively reduce carbon emissions in the process of urbanization.


Delayed‐onset muscle soreness (DOMS) can be induced by lengthening contraction (LC); it can be characterized by tenderness and movement‐related pain in the exercised muscle. Manual therapy (MT), including compression of exercised muscles, is widely used as physical rehabilitation to reduce pain and promote functional recovery. Although MT is beneficial for reducing musculoskeletal pain (i.e. DOMS), the physiological mechanisms of MT remain unclear. In the present study, we first developed an animal model of MT in DOMS; LC was applied to the rat gastrocnemius muscle under anesthesia, which induced mechanical hyperalgesia 2–4 days after LC. MT (manual compression) ameliorated mechanical hyperalgesia. Then, we used capillary electrophoresis time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy (CE‐TOFMS) to investigate early effects of MT on the metabolite profiles of the muscle experiencing DOMS. The rats were divided into the following three groups; (1) normal controls, (2) rats with LC application (LC group), and (3) rats undergoing MT after LC (LC + MT group). According to the CE‐TOFMS analysis, a total of 171 metabolites were detected among the three groups, and 19 of these metabolites were significant among the groups. Furthermore, the concentrations of eight metabolites, including branched‐chain amino acids, carnitine, and malic acid, were significantly different between the LC + MT and LC groups. The results suggest that MT significantly altered metabolite profiles in DOMS. According to our findings and previous data regarding metabolites in mitochondrial metabolism, the ameliorative effects of MT might be mediated partly through alterations in metabolites associated with mitochondrial respiration.


Foolish Four strategy is one of the most cockamamie stocks picking formula developed in the mid 90's by the Motley fool website. This strategy consists of investing equal amount in each of the top 4 stocks of a market index which results of high dividend yield to square root of stock price dropping one that scored highest. To examine its effectiveness, we applied this strategy to Nifty 50 Index over a period of 5 years (2006 to 2011). This research paper proves the fact that, Foolish four performs better over Nifty Index over a study period. Hence, this study identifies Foolish Four  as one of the stock picking strategy for retail and Institutional investors.


Advertisement uses language in such ways in persuading people. This can be seen in diction of the advertisement. One of the dictions is figures of speech. Figures of speech is a word that diverges from its normal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it such as a metaphor, simile, and personification. The problem of the research is what figures of speech which are used in the advertisement, which figure of speech are often used. In this research, the writer used qualitative method. The results of the research are figures of speech which are used in the magazines are repetition, hyperbole, simile, rhetoric, irony, paradox, personification, and synecdoche, the figure of speech which often used is repetition with percentage 32%. Key Words: Figures of speech, English advertisement,


Research was conducted on the ways that smaller organizations establish and maintain their ethical standards as they grow. In this study, the development of business ethics and corporate social res ...


ABSTRACT In this study the iron oxide incorporated gelatin nanoparticles (IOIGNPS) were prepared following an emulsion crosslinking method employing genipin as a non-toxic crosslinking agent. The drug loaded nanoparticles were characterised by analytical techniques. Whereas the FTIR spectra confirmed the crosslinking of gelatin by genipin and encapsulation of the drug, the TEM analysis revealed the nanosize (up to 100 nm) of the nanoparticles. The magnetisation study suggested for the superparamagnetic nature of nanoparticles. It was found that the amount of released drug increases with increasing percent loading of 5-FU in the range 21.1% to 44.4%. The release profiles of drug were affected by various experimental factors such as the amount and type of gelatin in the feed mixture, pH of the release media, nature of the release medium, and strength of the applied magnetic field. The swelling results indicated that the extent of swelling regulated the extent of drug release.


The infant, H.L., a female, aged three days, was born at the Women's Hospital, Crown Street, Sydney, on January 1, 1938. The pregnancy and birth were uneventful. She was a full-term child weighing 7 lb. 1 oz., but at birth the knee and elbow joints were enlarged, and the limbs were "spastic" and held in semiflexion. Because of the visible deformity and attacks of cyanosis, which were unrelieved by oxygen, she was sent to the X-ray Department for examination. The various radiographic features of the case are as follows:—The skull is somewhat small, with frontal and parietal bossing, sutures and fontanelles normal. The pituitary fossa and basal region of the skull are apparently normal. The nasal bones are long and well developed, giving a slight prominence to the lower half of the face. The orbits are not unduly separated and are regular in outline (Fig. 1). All the cervical and the upper thoracic vertebral bodies show marked developmental changes—particularly the cervical—where the bodies are represented ...


Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271–8587, Japan Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, P. R. China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271–8587, Japan Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271–8587, Japan


This webpage provides a key to the contents of the lectionary in Codex Zacynthius (Cambridge, University Library, MS Add. 10062; Gregory-Aland Lectionary 299).

It was produced by the Codex Zacynthius project in conjunction with the online edition in the Cambridge Digital Library at https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/codexzacynthius/1

It has been deposited in epapers in order to be linked from this electronic edition until it can be more fully incorporated in the edition. A printed version of this list is to be found in H.A.G. Houghton and D.C. Parker, ed., Codex Zacynthius: Catena, Palimpsest, Lectionary (Piscataway NJ: Gorgias, 2020).


This paper describes the design, analysis, and nonlinear simulation results (batch and piloted) for a longitudinal controller which is scheduled to be flight-tested on the High-Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV). The HARV is an F-18 airplane modified for and equipped with multi-axis thrust vectoring. The paper includes a description of the facilities, a detailed review of the feedback controller design, linear analysis results of the feedback controller, a description of the feed-forward controller design, nonlinear batch simulation results, and piloted simulation results. Batch simulation results include maximum pitch stick agility responses, angle of attack alpha captures, and alpha regulation for full lateral stick rolls at several alpha's. Piloted simulation results include task descriptions for several types of maneuvers, task guidelines, the corresponding Cooper-Harper ratings from three test pilots, and some pilot comments. The ratings show that desirable criteria are achieved for almost all of the piloted simulation tasks.


As a new form of organizational structure, network organization has become a focus of attention the theory circles. Many scholars, at home or abroad, have brought up the idiographic models such as Virtual Organization, league of strategy, combo of enterprises, etc. Internet Organization (IO) , as a new type of network organization, can make the great enterprise be well suitable for the new-economy's characters.


Some calendar anomalies that were detected in the stock markets could be also found in the foreign exchange markets. This paper approaches the presence of Turn-of-the-Year Effect in the logarithmic returns of Romanian leu – US dollar exchange rate daily values for a period that starts in July 2005 and it ends in March 2020. The results suggest that at the beginning and the end of a year Romanian national currency tends to depreciate consistently against US dollar.


We present two robust quantum key distribution protocols against two kinds of collective noise, following some ideas in quantum dense coding. Three-qubit entangled states are used as quantum information carriers, two of which form the logical qubit, which is invariant with a special type of collective noise. The information is encoded on logical qubits with four unitary operations, which can be read out faithfully with Bell-state analysis on two physical qubits and a single-photon measurement on the other physical qubit, not three-photon joint measurements. Two bits of information are exchanged faithfully and securely by transmitting two physical qubits through a noisy channel. When the losses in the noisy channel is low, these protocols can be used to transmit a secret message directly in principle.


The molecular structures of chitin and chitin hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide for different time intervals at 160°C were followed using infrared spectroscopy in the range 200–4000 cm−1. The frequency and intensity of active groups NHCOCH3, NH2, OH, and OCH3 in chitin, chitosan, cellulose, and lignin, respectively, were calculated and correlated with molecular structural changes. The dielectric constant ϵ′, dielectric loss ϵ″, and dissipation factor tan δ for the investigated samples were measured in the frequency range 0.1–100 kHz and interpreted in terms of the molecular structure elucidated from the infrared spectroscopic studies. Also, the effect of blending of cellulose and lignin with chitin on their dielectric properties was investigated. It was found that hydrolysis of chitin improved its insulating properties.


The utility model relates to an enclosed side part reinforcing carton, wherein a load-bearing surface carton bottom wall is a complete surface and is integrated with a carton top wall, a front sidewall and a back sidewall, a load-bearing surface is not easy to be broken, and defects that content is leaked because the load-bearing surface of a traditional carton is a folded sealing opening and a rotary cover is easy to be broken are overcome. Simultaneously, an opening of the carton is respectively arranged on a left side surface and a right side surface of a whole carton, and each opening consists of three layers, namely an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer, thus the bearing strength of the carton in a vertical direction is largely increased. According to the enclosed side part reinforcing carton disclosed by the utility model, a corrugated cardboard with fewer layers can be completely modified so that the supporting strength and the supporting value are ensured, paper consumption amount is reduced to the certain extent, and the cost is reduced.


The paper presents a case history when of cardioventer-defibrillator with subcutaneous shock electrode was implanted in child. Surgical installation of cardio stimulator in 1.5 month child is also described.


Sequence alignment is the foundation and an important part of bioinformatics. In local alignment of DNA, MUMmer Algorithm is a double sequence alignment approximation algorithm based on anchor, which includes the following steps: using the suffix tree to find the set of maximal unique matches(MUM), finding out a group of MUMs with the highest score from the set as the anchors, and finally completing the whole alignment by comparing the gaps of those anchors. When it's used in the muti-core environment, the advantages of muti-core are not embodied, and the speed isn't as expected. Mining the potential parallelism of MUMmer algorithm, the paper puts forward a method of parallelism to make it suitable for muti-core architecture, thus to get results as quickly as possible. Experiments show that compared with serial algorithm, the proposed parallel algorithm has been greatly improved in terms of speed, and is more suitable for muti-core architecture.


Neurostimulation devices are indicated in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy who are not candidates for epilepsy surgery. In the latest episode of ANA Podcasts & Webinars, Dr Vikram Rao, Associate Professor of Neurology at the University of California, San Francisco, discusses current clinical practice and advances in neurostimulation and neuromodulation in the treatment of epilepsy. Three surgical devices are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of drugresistant focal epilepsy: the vagus nerve stimulator (VNS; approved in 1997), the responsive neurostimulator (RNS; approved in 2013), and the deep brain stimulator (approved in 2018). The devices are considered palliative, as only a small number of patients become seizure-free; however, the efficacy of these devices improves with time. As Dr Rao explains in this podcast, the devices have their own unique adverse effects based on their location in the body as well as their mechanism of action. Neuromodulation involves the use of stimulation to alter the activity of neuronal systems, and, in the case of epilepsy, the effect is to make the brain less likely to generate seizures. In this podcast, Dr Rao describes why he thinks that the mechanism of RNS in particular may involve neuromodulatory effects. Analyses of intracranial recordings of brain activity stored by the RNS device reveal long-term reorganization of functional connectivity within brain networks, and Dr Rao explains how this plasticity may help identify those who will respond best to this therapy. Also in the podcast, Dr Rao calls attention to important work using devices to identify cycles of brain activity that can forecast when a patient's seizures are more likely to occur, thereby mitigating seizure unpredictability, one of the most disabling aspects of epilepsy. These devices can also provide temporal trends of brain (or cardiac, for VNS) activity and may even improve memory and language functioning in some patients. Dr Rao concludes the podcast by describing progress in the field of neuromodulation for epilepsy, including updates to current technology as well as new devices that address limitations of existing technology. URL for podcast episode: https://myana.org/educa tion/ana-investigates-podcast-series


A comparative study involving 2226 women in a 7-year trial (beginning in 1981) of the experimental levonorgestrel-releasing IUD revealed that users of the hormone-releasing IUD experience less bleeding and spotting than users of the Copper T IUD while being equally protected against pregnancy. In addition the hormonal IUD appeared to protect against the development of benign uterine myomas. The average duration of use of the hormonal IUD was 3.04 years (3416 woman-years) vs. 3.55 years for the copper IUD (3975 woman-years). By the end of the study the cumulative gross pregnancy rates were 1.1/100 for the hormonal IUD and 1.4/100 for the copper IUD. Average annual pregnancy rates were 0.16/100 and 0.18/100 respectively. No ectopic pregnancies were associated with the hormonal IUD and 2 occurred in women using the copper IUD. The actual number of days of bleeding or spotting in women using the hormonal device declined from 50 in the first year of the study to 30 in the fourth year. Copper T users averaged 70 days of bleeding and spotting per year. Hormonal users were also less likely to complain of menstrual pain; however hormonal users were more likely to discontinue the method because of absence of bleeding (Copper T users were more likely to discontinue because of heavy bleeding). Menstrual complaints of all kinds diminished over time in the hormonal users. Hormonal users were less likely to have vaginitis but more likely to have ovarian follicular cysts than Copper T users. Hormonal users were also more likely to have acne headaches dizziness nausea and vomiting. The researchers concluded that the hormonal IUD is an attractive alternative to the Copper T.


VARIATIONS in the arrangement of autonomic nerves are common, doubtless owing to the extensive plexus formations which provide multiple alternative pathways, but most of the anomalies can be classified as being minor rather than major in character. Occasionally, however, a specimen is found which shows radical differences from the usual, and one such specimen is illustrated here. It is a dissection of a male still-born infant, and several features are worthy of notice:


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Employing a sample of 90 teams,which include 306 team members,in a telecom company and its 18 branches in the south of China,we found that(1) two team cultural traits,market orientation,and learning orientation were positively related to team innovation;(2) team reflexivity fully mediated the relationships between market orientation,learning orientation,and team innovation;and(3) leadership style moderated these relationships in some situations.Specially speaking,transformational leadership plays a positive moderating role,but transactional leadership does not.


The rheology of semidilute suspensions of rigid polystyrene ellipsoids at rotational Peclet numbers greater than 103 was studied for two different aspect ratios. The ellipsoid suspensions exhibit shear thinning behavior for both aspect ratios, similar to previous experiments on suspensions of rigid fibers. Possible mechanisms for the rate dependent rheology are discussed and evaluated through a comparison with the rheology of suspensions of spheres with the same material properties as the ellipsoids. For the largest Peclet number, the relative viscosity scales linearly with dimensionless number density and is independent of the aspect ratio.