Caregiving is emerging as a global issue, as countries around the world are facing aging populations, including China. The intent of this study is: (1) to explore what needs Chinese urban family caregivers express, and in what way they may differ depending on certain background variables; (2) to explore what support, both formal and informal, is available for them; and (3) what changes to existing support may be appropriate in order to improve the quality of caregiving as well as the quality of life for caregivers so that they can be better able to provide caring services for old people. In-depth interviews and questionnaires were adopted to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from family caregivers of older adults living in urban Shanghai. The study has found that family caregivers' needs are diversified and differentiated. The support they have received mainly comes from relatives, while formal social support remains still insufficient for them and their families, thus failing to meet family caregivers' diversified and differentiated needs. The findings suggest the efforts to embed the micro-level informal support network into the macro-level formal support system by integrating all parties into forces including governmental and non-governmental sectors, communities and social work, thus enriching the forms, enhancing the strength, and consolidating the foundation of social support for family caregivers.


The royal text 『Daehak Yueui/大學類義』 was based upon the classic text 『Daehak/大學』, and it was published to be used in the King's own studies(聖學). The text was deeply related to a previously published text called 『Seonghak Jibyo/聖學輯要』. The understanding of 『Seonghak Jibyo』 evolved into the understanding of 『Daehak Yeoneuibo/大學衍義補 』, and such evolution of understanding eventually resulted in the publication of 『Daehak Yueui』. By publishing this text, King Jeongjo demonstrated his belief that the philosophy of the Master King(君師) should be supported with actual ruling in order to ascend into a new level of academic study based upon the concept of 'Jeonchae Daeyong/ 全體大用' which was pursued by people at the 『Daehak』 level. In 『Seonghak Jibyo』, both the king and the vassals were required to engage in extensive character building exercises(修身). Yet in 『Daehak Yueui』, the King, who was responsible for the achievement of the status of Taepyeong(太平), was put in center, and the vassals were labelled as mere supporters. Such changes mirrored the King's own efforts to overcome the notion first suggested in 『Seonghak Jibyo』.


A study involving a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was conducted to evaluate effects of corn silage processing and concentrate-to-forage ratio on feedlot cattle performance. 72 Nelore breed aged approximately eighteen months (392.80 ± 24.42 kg BW) were used. No significant interaction was observed between dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio. There was observed a significant effect of silage and concentrate-to-forage ratio on dry matter intake due to metabolic weight. The highest consumption was observed for the processed corn silage at concentrate-toforage ratio 60:40. Related to dry matter intake/day there was a significant effect only for concentrate-to-forage ratio, being the highest intake on 60% forage and 40% concentrate. There was a significant effect for feed conversion ratio only for the period, being the best one observed for the 1st period. Related to weight gain there was an interaction for silage and concentrate-to-forage ratio. It was determined less consumption for processed corn silage on concentrate-to-forage ratio 80:20. However was not observed effect on unprocessed corn silage between concentrate-to-forage ratio. The harvest of corn for silage, at physiological maturity of the grains associated with the processing of silage mass during ensilage, allows diets with 60% of concentrate for Nelore breed feedlot.


The present volume is the edition of an unpublished Greek medical papyrus from the temple of Suchos at Tebtynis in the Fayyum. The text is written on the recto only (the verso being blank), in a librarian's hand, which A. dates to the late first/early second century A.D. Apart from the Greek text (with facing Italian translation, where the state of the text permits translation), A.'s volume contains an introduction, a detailed commentary, a bibliography, indices and three plates showing the papyrus in 1:1 black-and-white photographs. A. has collated the text from forty-five fragments—this would not be unusual, were it not for the fact that these fragments are kept in five different collections (Berkeley, Copenhagen, Florence, Lund, and Milan). Apart from a brief mention of identification based on photographs leading to hypothetical reconstruction, however, the reader will search in vain for an explanation of this extraordinary achievement. The papyrus appears to have been unearthed as part of a cache of papyri—mainly demotic and hieratic, with only a small number written in Greek, in the temple precinct, but the provenance record is far from clear. While the fragments held at Berkeley were found by the Grenfell-Hunt excavations of 1899/1900, those held at the Vitelli Institute in Florence were part of a large find made by Anti in 1931. The remaining fragments were acquired in Cairo between 1932 and 1934. Given that the latter were considered of uncertain provenance, there was no obvious reason for A. to look for missing fragments in those particular collections. It may well be that A. has described her search in her earlier work, but it would have made sense to recapitulate some of it here. This comment is not meant to cast doubt on her conclusions, as it is obvious from the reconstructed text that at least the larger fragments do indeed belong to one and the same papyrus. That is, unless they belong to two very similar texts, since apparently (p. 13) Anti, in his site report, mentions at least two rolls of what he calls medical prescriptions. As for its content, the text is a treatise—or part of a treatise—on the diagnosis and treatment of ailments of the respiratory system. As far as can be ascertained, the treatment is entirely dietetic and pharmacological, with exact weights and measures indicated in the text, as well as instructions for preparing the remedies. A. demonstrates familiarity with an impressive range of Greek medical texts, quoting similar passages, as well as with the relevant secondary literature. Nevertheless, having herself pointed out parallels, in concepts as well as in terminology, between the treatise and some Hippocratic works, she claims a basis of Empiricst doctrine for the former (pp. 44f.). While the possibility of its influence cannot be excluded, the importance of the seasons, of diagnosis, or of pharmacology, are not sufficient proof, nor is the subdivision of the material into diagnostic and therapeutic. Even if one accepts the reconstruction efj.]TTipiKrjs at VII.44 as a reference to the Empiricists, this could even be seen as proof to the contrary, as ancient medical authors do not usually mention their own adherence to a particular ' school' (much as scholars would welcome this). The style, syntax and terminology of the text are explained at some length (pp. 46-52), and, although a certain continuity with the Hippocratic Corpus is I


This paper sets out to examine two locative constructions found in Caijia, an unclassified language with many Sinitic features spoken in
 Guizhou province of China, using the framework of Ameka & Levinson's (2007) typology of
 locative predicates (basic locative construction [blc]). These are the locative verb construction and
 the positional verb construction, both of which are used to answer the question 'Where is the X?'. The different syntactic, semantic and
 pragmatic constraints on the usage of these two main constructions are described and analyzed in detail as well, while the locative verb
 construction is identified as the basic locative construction.
 The present paper also studies the core constituents in these two constructions, for example, localizers, which serve to indicate a
 relative spatial relation between two entities and for whose nominal nature we argue in this paper, a locative verb whose source is 'live,
 dwell', and two types of positional verbs. Even though Caijia is a language very close in its characteristics to Sinitic languages, this
 study demonstrates certain unusual features, atypical for Sinitic. We also show that Caijia does not bear out all the predictions proposed
 by Ameka & Levinson for the locative verbs in the languages of the single locative type, nor does it entirely conform with the hierarchy
 for the blc encoding (Ameka & Levinson 2007).


In a recent paper Poulsen (1963) suggested that the Cambrian fossil Hyolithellus micans (Billings) should be referred to the phylum Pogonophora, and remarked on the similarity of the inorganic constituents in this fossil and the tube of the living pogonophore Galathealtinum bruuni Kirkegaard. Poulsen's material was obtained by elutriation of an unconsolidated Middle Cambrian clay from the Scandinavian island of Bornholm. He reports that 'the deposit.. .can only have been imperceptibly affected by diagenetic processes, and, accordingly much of the original...structure of the fossils is preserved.... The tubes of Hyolithellus consist mainly of an organic substance and some carbonate.' Dr Poulsen was kind enough to present me with fragmentary material of Hyotithellus, have to make a of the nature which use of boron trifluoride (BF3) for promoting esterification of alcohols and organic acids


Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-9, are estimated to play an important role in the progression of systolic chronic heart failure (CHF); however, the existing data is incomplete and controversial. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in plasma MMP-9, associated with CHF and to determine the prognostic value of certain clinical parameters on MMP-9 levels. Methods: Plasma MMP-9 was measured in 20 normal elderly controls (NEC) and in 59 patients with CHF. Systolic dysfunction was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%. Plasma MMP-9 levels and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured performing immunoassays. Normally distributed variables were reported with mean and skewed variables with the median. Group comparisons were made with the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and χ 2 -test, where appropriate. Univariate associations of the variables with MMP-9 were investigated using linear regression analyses. Natural logarithmic transformation was used for skewed variables, including MMP-9 and BNP. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the independent relations to MMP-9. Statistical analyses were conducted on the SPSS version 13.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Results: Plasma MMP-9 concentrations (ng/ml) were significantly higher in HF patients (median 1.7, range 0.5-7.3), compared with NEC (median 1.2, range 0.6-2.9) (p=0.01). Circulating BNP and functional class were not significantly correlated with plasma MMP-9. In addition, no significant relationships were observed between MMP-9 and etiology, leucocytes, and creatinkinase (CK). Plasma levels of MMP-9 showed significant correlation with the clinical parameters LVEF, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Independent predictive effect on MMP-9 levels in multiple regression analysis (F=7.7, p<0.01) were explored for AF, LVEF, SBP and COPD. Conclusions: Plasma MMP-9 was observed to increase in subjects with CHF. Expectedly, MMP-9 was independently correlated with the degree of cardiac dysfunction and clinical parameters depending on it, including SBP and AF, and with the presence of COPD. Further studies are warranted on the concrete mechanisms of MMP-9 variations in patients with CHF. IJBM 2011; 1(3):143-149. © 2011


This report is about research and design of a new shopping experience in a retail section including a self-checkout device. The thesis is done for Master program in industrial design field at Jonko ...


The study aimed to determine seroprevalence and risk factor of porcine cysticercosis. It was conducted in seven subdistricts of Way Kanan District from April 2012 until March 2013. Survey of this study was conducted through 4 stages. The first stage was collecting porcine blood serum, determining ordinate points and interview using questionnaire. The second stage was laboratory testing for porcine sera blood using monoclonal antibody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MoAb-ELISA). The third stage was postmortem examination towards seropositive porcine. The last stage was statistical analysis. A hundred sixty nine (169) samples of porcines were tested serologically. The results of seropositives cysticercosis were found in 3 samples (1.78%), i.e. 2 samples (4.55%) from Negeri Agung Subdistrict and 1 sample (9.1%) from Pakuan Ratu Subdistrict. All seropositive results were obtained from female porcines. The age of porcine was a significant risk factor that affected cysticercosis (OR = 1.083; 95% CI = 1.023 - 1.142). The older porcine had higher risk of cysticercosis than the younger one. There are some ways to reduce the transmission risk of this disease, i.e. public awareness of animal health, increasing animal health service, monitoring pork distribution and conducting field surveillance continuously.


Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alma), vetch (Vicia sativa L. cv. Languedoc) and annual medic (Medicago truncatula Gaertn. cv. Paraggio) were grown at Brinkworth, South Australia, in 1987 in large (0.75 ha) plots and subjected to 3 systems of management: (i) ploughing in at flowering as a green manure crop, (ii) harvesting for grain and ploughing in the dry residues, and (iii) harvesting for grain and removing the residues. A wheat crop was sown over the whole area in the following season (1988) and the effects of type of legume and management on grain yield and grain protein content were measured. The management system imposed on the legume had a highly significant (P<0.01) effect on the grain yield of the following wheat crop, but there were no significant differences between the 3 legumes in their effects on wheat yield or on grain protein content. Ploughing in the legumes as a green manure crop at flowering added about 100 kg/ha more nitrogen (N) to the soil than allowing the legumes to mature, harvesting for seed, and removing residues. Incorporating the dry residues rather than removing them added about 26 kg N/ha. The green manure crop significantly increased subsequent wheat yield (by 49%; P<0.001) and protein content of the grain (by 13%; P<0.05) compared with the treatment in which the legumes were harvested for grain and all residues removed; incorporating the dry residues increased yield by 10%. It is concluded that the amount of N added during the legume phase in a rotation is more important than the kind of legume from which the N is derived. The occasional use of a dense legume crop as a green manure may rapidly add a large amount of N to a soil to be slowly exploited by following grain crops.


People share their experiences of goods and services online, through reviews, ratings and endorsements on social networks, potentially generating welfare-improving information that can help subsequent consumers make better, more informed decisions. While the economics literature has focused on questions of alignment and the intensive quality of provided information, another tension is extensive: in the absence of an incentive, many might choose not to provide information at all. We study three different incentives that encourage information transmission on the extensive margin, examining the tradeoffs between quality and quantity of information. Our findings indicate substantial efficiency gains can be made relative to no incentives, even when the incentives damage the preference alignment between those sending and receiving information. In particular, our results point to a partially aligned incentive (similar to a referral or sales commission) as robustly encouraging the provision of information while not producing substantial reductions in quality. The sharing of information via reviews, ratings and social networks has become an important component of online commerce, helping to reduce uncertainty about unseen products, services, and workers. Although consumers benefit from accurate information on product quality, even small nuisance costs can deter others from providing their opinions. An obvious solution to this problem is to reward those providing information. However, dependent on the parties shaping these incentives, there is the potential to influence not only the likelihood of information being provided, but also the content of that information. In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally examine the effectiveness of different incentives structures in the presence of this quality versus quantity tradeoff. Focusing on the broad strategic tensions, we examine three incentive schemes that represent qualitatively different ways of paying for information provision. The three environments vary over the conditions (and motivating source) for a payment, changing the alignment of preference between those sending and receiving information. The end effect is an incentive that varies between common interests, only partial alignment of interests, and no alignment at all. Examining how each incentive influences both the quantity and quality of information, first in theory and then in practice Date: August, 2018. Lafky: Carleton College, 321 Willis Hall, Northfield, MN; email@example.com. Wilson: University of Pittsburgh, Department of Economics, 230 Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA; email@example.com. Our thanks to the following: John Asker, John Duffy, Matthew Embrey, Emanuel Vespa, Lise Vesterlund, Stephanie Wang, and audiences at the ESA, SEA, George Mason, Lafayette and the Federal Trade Commission. Any mistakes within are obviously not attributable to anyone but ourselves. 1 in the laboratory, we explain how the intensive and extensive margins of information transmission might be efficiently traded off. Our attention to both the intensive and extensive margins for information-sharing is in contrast to the literature in economics, which generally focuses on the intensive margin. The literature typically measures the amount of information shared as the interests of the informed and uninformed parties grow further apart, where the provision of some form of information is taken for granted. While the comparative static here is intuitive—that preference misalignment decreases information sharing—the theoretical literature suggests that even a small biases on the sender's part can be quite destabilizing. In contrast, the experimental literature has documented a much smaller level effect, with greater honesty than predicted. Our contribution is to include an extensive margin, and to assess the effects of incentives for information transmission that vary on both margins. Concurring with previous work, our experimental results replicate the finding that preference misalignment is not as pernicious to information quality as predicted by theory. However, building upon this result, we show that this should make us more willing to trade off some alignment of interests in order to have the information paid for by a third party. In contrast, our incentive that maintains common interests over the provided information does lead to more total information transfer, but as the receivers have to pay for it, their net outcomes are actually made worse than the absence of any incentive. Finally, for an incentive that produces full misalignment of interests, we find the worst information transfer rates across our experiments. While very distorted incentives to provide information do seem to fail in the long run when all parties are commonly aware of their presence, it could be that third parties still choose to covertly offer them. For example, with celebrity endorsements of products where the paid-for nature of the post is not disclosed. If receivers are unaware of the incentives supporting information (and falsely believe senders have common cause with them) third parties might be able to produce large shortrun gains, while simultaneously poisoning the well in the long-run. This insight prompts the final step in our analysis, where we demonstrate that some commonly known degree of misalignment may in fact be desirable, as it can serve as an inoculation against the introduction of more-distortive incentives. Our results highlight a previously unrecognized advantage to commission-like incentives in multi-product environments, and may help explain their prevalence. Commission-style incentives are commonplace, including brokers or realtors providing advice between two competing stocks or houses (an explicit commission on eventual purchases), servers providing recommendations over which dessert to order from a menu (an increased tip), or product review websites (referral commissions via hyperlinks). In each case, the informed party can have partially aligned interests with the decision maker over which of the competing options is better (a particular stock, house, flavor of ice cream, or consumer product), but is misaligned over the decisions to buy anything at at


ABSTRACT Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic is raging across the world and has affected pregnant women as well. There is limited information regarding COVID-19 in pregnant women. The study aimed to find the prevalence of COVID-19 among all pregnant women who delivered during the study period in a tertiary care center. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care center from 16th August to 15th November 2020 after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee of a tertiary care center. All the women who delivered in the hospital during the study period were enrolled and they were subjected to COVID-19 Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction test. A total of 667 samples were taken using convenience sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24 software. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 667 pregnant women, the prevalence of COVID-19 was 47 (7.05%) (5.10-8.99 at 95% Confidence Interval). Though the majority of women were asymptomatic 40 (85.1%), 5 (10.64%) developed mild disease, 1 (2.12%) each had severe and critical COVID-19 pneumonia. Conclusions: The prevalence of COVID-19 among pregnant women delivering in our center is similar to other studies done in similar settings. In our study, we found that the majority of women had been asymptomatic and were diagnosed on routine testing. Hence, it is important to test all pregnant women before delivery for Coronavirus Disease 2019 irrespective of the presence or absence of symptoms.


Earlier notions of leadership opined that leadership can be found in one's genes that determine how an individual behaves and reacts to his/her surrounding (Bass, 1985). That is, a leader can still be detected in a group of people although nobody may be appointed to lead at the outset. In the past, an individual became a leader through inheritance of a rank or the throne in a country or in an institution. However, the temperament or characteristic of an individual determine whether one can lead or not. A leader acts as a conflict contributor, a resolver or peacemaker, and a punisher (King et al., 2009). Besides being dominant over the rest of the group members, a leader needs to influence the followers too with his/her leadership style. The leadership style of a leader depends on the attitude of him/her to influencing followers in the organisation. The modern era indicates that an uncertainty or complex situations are not uncommon. In a context of a small and medium enterprises (SMEs), turbulences arising in an enterprise require an effective leader to sustain a strong sense of opportunity for all followers. Such participation allows followers to share opinions, make better decisions and control the resources. In fact, followers and the leader cannot be separated. Likewise, leadership runs in tandem with development. Development occurs as leadership pushes it (Banyai, 2009). Hence, without proper leadership to lead the followers, it would be rather difficult to reach the mutual goals of the enterprise (Poskas & Messer, 2015). Also, a good leadership through guidance and effective communication enables followers to improve themselves. Hence, to conduct a relevant systematic review, the current paper is guided by the following main research question: how are leadership styles practiced among leaders in the context of small and medium enterprises? The focus of this paper is on the leaders of small and medium enterprises where followers are working together towards achieving the mutual goals of the enterprise.

Keywords: leader; leadership style; PRISMA; small and medium enterprises; systematic literature review


Beckenham 31, intradermal 96 83 (86'45%) 13 (13'55%) 192·7 Table 3 gives the comparative age distributions of the children who produced antibodies and those who did not. It is seen that, although the largest number of those who did not respond (35'18%) was in the age group nine to 11 months, only 22'89% of those who did respond were in this age group. The difference, although large, is not statistically significant.


Article explain that the design of campus space environment is important channels transmitting the culture of college . The design should defer to the conduct and psychology of user and be characterized by the distinctive background of culture of different college . It should push the development of the culture and construct the characteristic of campus environment in an almost imperceptible influence .


Radiation patterns with a prescribed shape are useful for many applications. In this paper an iterative algorithm is presented for obtaining a set of excitation coefficients of a linear array that generates a desired main lobe shape with an arbitrarily suppressed sidelobe level. This technique can be applied to linear arrays with uniform or nonuniform spacing and isotropic or nonisotropic elements. The design examples presented show that the iterative algorithm converges rapidly to the desired solution.


The ability to control the shape and morphology of semiconductor macro/nanocrystals is critical to applications such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photonics and nanoelectronics. Despite significant advances in controlling the shapes by thermal decomposition and solvothermal methods, rigorous shape control by low temperature and aqueous phase controlling remains challenging. Herein, a facile synthetic method based on ethylenediamine assisted precursor transformation technique has been developed for the fabrication of AgI nanocrystals. The central features of our approach are the use of ethylenediamine (en) as complexant and the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as capping surfactants to form Ag(en)xI precursor, which is followed by removing en to form AgI crystals. This work provides new insights into the use of a novel organic-inorganic hybrid composition as precursors for nanocrystals synthesis and offers a potential route to achieve well-defined morphology of inorganic nanostructures with uniform...


With the popularization and development of computer network technology,computer network has been basically spread to all walks of life,we are drilling more and more people are also in the hard computer network technology,I have classes in computer network technology to explore and study route summarization,through class routing and classless inter-domain routing as well as class differences between devices in the network routing technology released in the routing of case studies and draw summary conclusions.


The use of carbon fibre-based polymeric composites in bicycle components has dramatically increased in the last few decades. This paper presents the results of fatigue and impact testing on bicycle forks that are known to have quality-related manufacturing defects. In the investigation performed, acoustic emission testing is used to monitor crack growth during fatigue loading and impact. The results show three distinct stages in composite fatigue failure related to initiation, propagation and final growth. Implications of the results on design and testing of composite bicycle components are addressed pointing to a greater need in understanding current design procedures.


Active learning is an important technique to improve the learned model using unlabeled data, when labeled data is difficult to obtain, and unlabeled data is available in large quantity and easy to collect. Several instance querying strategies have been suggested recently. These works show that empirical risk minimization (ERM) can find the next instance to label effectively, but the computation time consumption is large. This paper introduces a new approach to select the best instance with less time consumption. In the case where the data is graphical in nature, we can implement the graph topological analysis to rapidly select instances that are likely to be good candidates for labeling. This paper describes an approach of using degree of a node metric to identify the best instance next to label. We experiment on Zachary's Karate Club dataset and 20 newsgroups dataset with four binary classification tasks, the results show that the strategy of degree of a node has similar performance to ERM with less time consumption.


A novel N-containing compound, neoengleromycin (1) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of the ascomycete Engleromyces goetzii together with two known cytochalasins: cytochalasin D (2) and 19,20-epoxycytochalasin D (3). Structures were established by spectroscopic (including 2D-NMR) and chemical means. Neoengleromycin (1) possesses the rare structure of an N-substituted hydroxamic acid and represents a new type of natural products.


Conferences are liturgical celebrations, affirmations of solidarity, symbolic spaces for those who speak a language (whether socialism or orthodontics) unintelligible to most of their fellow-humans, and who therefore need from time to time to relax with those of their own kind, as a cross-dresser might feel the gathering urge to withdraw from the world of the bank or bakery and ease into a pair of corsets (A. Terry Eagleton, 'The Gatekeeper')


The aim of this research is to find out the consensus of the state which is the foundation of Hindu's in Bali and the relationship between the consensus of the state and the values of Hindu spiritual culture in order to realize a harmonious, peaceful, and democratic state life. The method used is an ethnographic method with a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were civic education practitioners, Hindu religious activist, and cultural practitioners. Data collection technique is using interview techniques semistructured interviews and observation techniques of complete participation. The data analysis technique used in this study is a data analysis technique which consists of three flow of activities that occur simultaneously, namely data reduction, data presentation, conclusion verification. The results of this study are the state consensus that forms the basis for Hindus in Bali, namely Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Bhineka Tunggal Ika, and NKRI. The state consensus has a close relationship with the values of Hindu spiritual culture in the context of realizing a harmonious, peaceful and democratic state life. The first consensus is Pancasila which is likened to the roof that builds the Indonesian nation, the second consensus is the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia as the constitutional basis, the third consensus is the Bhineka Tunggal Ika which functions as the spirit of development of the Indonesian nation, and the fourth consensus NKRI which functions as a fortress of protection, in strengthening the identity of the Indonesian nation.


Initially released for two-lane rural highways, the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM) is one of the latest tools developed by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for practicing professionals. The IHSDM is a road safety evaluation software that allows highway planners and designers to assess safety and operational performance of a roadway corridor. The IHSDM currently has five evaluation modules: Policy Review, Intersection Review, Crash Prediction, Design Consistency, and Traffic Analysis. The IHSDM was selected as one tool used in the evaluation of improvement alternatives for a two lane rural highway with an extensive history of injury and fatal crashes. Through implementation of the IHSDM for the 23-mile study corridor, a number of valuable lessons were learned. Use of the IHSDM is data intensive and can be complicated by a lack of available data, poor quality data, and inconsistent stationing among the various data elements. For this reason, the IHSDM is best suited for the design community, where recent survey data and consistent CADD-based design parameters allow for a smooth transition into the IHSDM framework. Others intending to use the IHSDM for preliminary design activities should clearly identify the goals of the analysis and the data needs prior to starting the project to ensure that adequate data are readily available. Model calibration to local conditions is an integral part of comparing design alternatives with the IHSDM software (the type of analysis may impact the level of calibration necessary). Evaluation results should be checked for reasonableness and FHWA should be consulted for issues identified with model operation. Although the 2004 version of IHSDM has been released, FHWA continues to refine the model based upon user testing and feedback.


Indonesia has been known as an endemic country of tuberculosis (TB). Most of the cases are pulmonary TB, and pleural effusion is one of the common cases. Untreated pleural effusion can become massive pleural effusion, a true emergency case in the emergency room. In this report we present a 21-years-old female patient with new onset massive pleural effusion due to TB infection. A 21-year-old female patient with no previous medical illness came to ER with shortness of breaths since a week ago. Cough and unmeasured fever have been reported since a month ago. Tachypnea, extreme tachycardia, asymmetric chest movement, decreased vocal fremitus, dullness of percussion, and decreased left pulmonary sound were found. Chest x-ray showed a massive left pleural effusion with tracheal deviation. High flow nasal cannula was given due to blood gas analysis interpreting moderate respiratory distress. Thoracentesis was immediately performed with estimated 1200 CC yellow coloured fluid production. Other laboratory findings include hyponatremia and hypoalbuminemia. This patient was diagnosed with pleural effusion type pulmonary TB, treated with anti-TB drugs, mucolytic, corticosteroid, and analgesics. Serial chest x-rays showed improvement of pleural effusion. In developing countries like Indonesia, the most common causes of pleural effusion was TB infection besides malignancy. A massive pleural effusion diagnosis can be established with history taking, physical examination, chest sonography, chest x-ray, and/or CT-scan. Thoracentesis must be performed within minutes after massive pleural effusion was established.


Objective: To study the changes of fibrosis serum markers and transforming growth factor betal of angintensin II receptor blockade(Diovan) in treatment of patients with fibrosis of hepatitis B.Methods: 35 patients with chronic hepatitis B were randomly divided into group of Diovan and Fufang Biejia Ruangan Pian.Patients in both groups received conventional drugs for 6 months.Serum HA,HPCⅢ,LN and TGF-β1were measured in the above patients at0,6 months after treatment.Results: The serum levels of HA,HPCⅢ,LN and TGF-β were decreased after treatment in both groups.There was no difference between two group of fibrosis serum markers,but significant difference of TGF-β1.Conclusions: Angintensin Ⅱ receptor blockade is effective in treatment of fibrosis of chronic hepatitis B.


Experimental average heat-transfer coefficients for free-convection cooling of arrays of isothermal fins on horizontal surfaces over a wider range of spacings than previously available are reported. A simplified correlation is presented and a previously available correlation is questioned. An optimum arrangement for maximum heat transfer and a preliminary design method are suggested, including weight considerations.


Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Udalguri, Assam Agricultural University carried out an experiment on modification over traditional solar tent dryer for better drying and lesser the infestation of flies using the fish Puntius sophore during September October, 2019 in Chanbari and Jhargaon village under Bhergaon and Rowta Agricultural Developmental Block of Udalguri District, Assam. The fishes were dried experimentally under modified solar tent dryer and same species of fish were dried traditional solar tent dryer. Organoleptic evaluations showed no physical damage, no discolouration and no insect infestation of fishes under modified solar tent dryer but in case of traditional solar tent dryer insect infestation were observed. The study reveals that the modified solar tent dried fish products are hygienic compared to that of traditional solar tent dryer dried products of same species.


Ctenoglyphus myospalacis, sp. nov. Female (Figs. 1, 2): Body 380μ long and 230μ wide. All peripheral setae bi-pectinate, with 5--12 barbs on each side of shaft. These barbs either smooth or having1--2 branches toward the tip of the setae. The v.e. located in front of v.i. comparativelyshort and broad. d_3 being the longest of the dorsal setae, about twice as long as Sc. End of the sensory rods of the tarsus Ⅰ and Ⅱ slightly enlarged. Tibia Ⅰ and Ⅱwith one simple seta, which is longer than the tarsus. Male (Figs. 3, 4): Body 270μ long and 210μ wide. Chaetotaxy similar to thatof the female, but the peripheral setae somewhat medial, without brances on the barbs. Legs resembling those of the female, but the first 2 pairs comparatively stronger. Holotype (?), allotype (?) and paratypes (10 ? ?, 10 ? ?) were collected inMay-June, 1962 from the nests of Myospalax aspalax (Pallas) in Kirin Province. Hirstionyssus pontiger, sp. nov. Female (Fig. 5): Body oval, 900-1040μ long (gnathosoma not included) and500--550μ wide. Dorsal plate oval, with a rounded tip and 26 pairs of dorsal setae. Sternal plate rectangular. The anterior and lateral portion of this plate hihgly chi-tinized, giving a bridge-like appearance, hence the name. End of genitoventral platebluntly pointed, twice as long as wide. Coxal spurs: 0-1-2-0. Male (Fig. 6): Body length 650-1030μ, elliptical. Dorsal plate oval, with broadly rounded end. Chaetotaxy as in female. Holoventral plate undivided, slightly narrowed between coxa Ⅳ and slightly expand-ed just behind the last coxae. There are 8 paired and 1 unpairec. setae on this plate.Uncovered ventral body surface with about 30 pairs of setae. Legs very strong. Tarsus Ⅲ and Ⅳ with 2 pairs of modified setae, the distalhalves of these setae abruptly thinned and screwed. Coxal spurs: 0-1-2-1. Holotype (?), allotype (?) and paratypes (12 ? ?, 10 ? ?) were collectedin May-June, 1962 from the body and nest of the Myospalax aspalax (Pallas) in KirinProvince. This new species is allied to Hirstionyssus myospalacis Zemskaja et Piontkovskaja,1957, but is distinguished from the latter by the following characters: (1) The charac-teristic sternal plate; (2) posterior end of the dorsal plate bluntly rounded in both sexes;(3) genito-ventral plate with a tapering end; (4) holoventral plate only slightly widenedbehind the last coxae; (5) uncovered ventral surface of the male with about 32 pairs ofsetae. Hirstionyssus ventricosus, sp. nov. Female (Figs. 7, 10): Large mites, 1650--2150μ long (gnathosoma not included)and 900--1350μ wide, venter in most case large, thus the name. Dorsal plate small, greater part of posterior and lateral dorsal surface uncovered,from S_(7-8) abruptly narrowed to form a tail. Sternal plate rectangular, twice as wide aslong, anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin convex. Genitoventral platesmall, tongue-like, Anal plate widely separated from the genitoventral plate. Legs exceedingly strong. Leg Ⅱ stoutest and shortest. Dorsal side of Femur Ⅰ andⅡ with a pair of long smooth setae. One such seta arises from the genu Ⅰ and Ⅱ aswell, but slightly shorter. Tarsus Ⅱ with 3 stout setae in the middle. Tarsus Ⅲ andⅣ with 5 stout setae ventrally. Coxal spurs: 0-1-2-0. Male (Figs. 8, 9, 11): Body oval, 1300-1450μ long by 800-950μ wide. Dorsal plate covering almost entire dorsum, with 26 pairs of setae. Holoventral plate undivided, not enlarged behind the last coxae but narrowingthereafter progressively to a neck connecting with the anal part. There are 9 paired and1 unpaired setae on this plate. Legs Ⅰ and Ⅱ as in the female. There are 2 pairs of modified setae arising fromtarsus Ⅲ and Ⅳ subapically. These modified setae are screwed in their distal halves.Coxal spurs: 0-1-2-1. Deutonymph (Fig. 12): Body oval, 1100--1200μ long and 650-750μ wide. Dorsal plate covering almost entire dorsum. Sternal plate fused with genitoventralplate, anterior margin straight, anterior angle truncate, the width of plate decreasing to-wards the tapering posterior end. There are 3 pairs of simple s


Objective: To study the feasibility of expressing human anti-HBsAg-dsFv-IFN in CHO cells as a method for preparing the putative targeting drug for hepatitis B. Methods: Based on the constructed anti- HbsAg-dsFv gene, the V_L gene was fused with IFN-α2a gene by overlapping-PCR. V_L-IFN and V_H were cloned to different mammalian expression vectors respectively. These vectors were cotransfected into CHO/dhfr cells. The supernatant of cultured transfected cells was collected and assayed for IFN activity and HBsAg affinity by ELISA. Results: The supernatant exhibited anti-HBsAg activity and IFN activity. Conclusions: The successful expression may lead to a new way to make a targeting drug for hepatitis B.


Aims: Bark of different fractions of Sonneratia caseolaris (Linn.) (Sonneratiaceae) were screened for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and CNS activities.
Study Design: For the purpose of these experiments the extracts were subjected to an in-vivo study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in August 2014 in the Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methodology: Ethanolic (ETF), ethyl acetate (EAF), chloroform(CLF) and pet ether (PTF) fractions of bark of  S. caseolaris were used to evaluate the analgesic activity using Acetic acid induced writhing and Formalin test. The same fractions were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using Carrageenan induced hind paw edema model. The CNS depressant activity was evaluated by Hole cross method. Two doses of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg were used.
Results: The different fractions produced significant (p<0.05) writhing inhibition at both doses and reduced the number of linking induced by formalin. Among these fractions the most potent activity was found in ETF about 79.40% (300 mg/kg) that was almost similar to standard Diclofenac-Na 82.78% (10 mg/kg), then EAF 74.59% followed by CLF 59.03% and PTF 52.45% at dose 300 mg/kg).
In formalin-induced paw licking model, all fractions of S. caseolaris showed superior result in the late phase compare to the early phase .The same fractions of extracts caused significant (p<0.05) inhibition of carrageenan induced paw edema in a dose dependent manner. A statistically significant (p<0.05) locomotor activity was also observed.
Conclusion: Our result revealed that all the extractives of S. caseolaris have noticeable analgesic, anti-inflammatory and CNS depressant activities.


Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of spontaneous pneumothorax of senile with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods: Retrospective study on the records of spontaneous pneumothorax in 52 elder patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 30 cases of young and middle-aged patients;characteristics of them were compared.Results: The acute and chronic onset of the spontaneous pneumothorax in the elder patients were 19 cases and 33 respectively;43 cases of them were cured(82.7%),9 died(17.3%).Conclusion: The onset of spontaneous pneumothorax in senile with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is insidious;the disease is lack of typical clinical feature,with various concomitant diseases,with higher motality.Closed chest tube drainage should be performed as early as possible because of the unsatisfactory effect of simple evacuation.


Discusses and contrasts the governance and competence perspectives of the firm.The competence perspective is decidedly production oriented, while the governance perspective is exchange oriented.Further, the competence perspective relies on the routine as the unit of analysis, whereas the governance perspective uses the transaction as the unit of analysis. Another distinction involves incentive conflicts: while such conflicts (such as opportunism) are relatively unimportant in the competence scheme, they are central to the governance perspective. A strategic theory of the firm must address the existence of the firm, the boundaries of the firm, internal organization, and competitive advantage; however, the governance perspective (at least in its present stage of development) fails to come to grips with a number of issues that are relevant to the strategy field.When regarded as complementary to the governance perspective, the competence perspective may work in concert with governance to address such issues. Both theories, then, are imperfect: although the governance perspective is relevant to business administration, it misrepresents many issues by reducing all problems of organization, management, and strategy to problems of aligning incentives; the competence perspective, on the other hand, remains true to traditional strategy issues but remains fairly undeveloped. This chapter also serves as an introduction to a collection of articles on the title theme, 'Competence, Governance, and Entrepreneurship.' (SAA)


"Building a new socialist countryside" is not a new concept. Shortly after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the CPC once used this parlance in the goal of national construction in the 1950s. However, at that time this parlance was accompanied by the agricultural cooperatives. The fifth plenary session of the sixteenth CPC central committee proposed the mission of building a new socialist countryside under the new historical conditions, which is an integrated and unified management of the overall guiding ideology. The CPC's new rural development thinking is mainly about the planning of urban and rural development, about the enhancement of the democratic construction in rural areas, and about the acceleration of the cultural construction and the development of social undertakings in the rural areas, and so on. In the new era, the CPC's idea of building a new countryside will have a more rich and profound meaning, which will play a very important role in guiding the construction of the rural areas.


With growing consumer demand for natural products, greener extraction techniques are found to be potential alternatives especially for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic manufacturing industries. Cavitation-based technology has drawn immense attention as a greener extraction method, following its rapid and effective extraction of numerous natural products compared to conventional techniques. The advantages of cavitation-based extraction (CE) are to eliminate the application of toxic solvents, reduction of extraction time and to achieve better extraction yield, as well as purity. The cavitational phenomena enhance the extraction efficiency via increased mass transfer rate between the substrate and solvent, following the cell wall rupture, due to the intense implosion of bubbles. This review includes a detailed overview of the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), negative pressure cavitation (NPC) extraction, hydrodynamic cavitation extraction (HCE) and combined extractions techniques which have been implemented for the extraction of high-value-added compounds. A list of essential parameters necessary for the maximum possible extraction yield has been discussed. The optimization of parameters, such as ultrasonic power density, frequency, inlet pressure of HC, extraction temperature and the reactor configuration denote their significance for better efficiency. Furthermore, the advantages and drawbacks associated with extraction and future research directions have also been pointed out.


In Belgium, as in most countries, the universities play a central role in the development and organization of teaching and research in physics. However, as research has steadily required increasing financial and human support, progress in a number of areas has been largely stimulated by the existence of national research foundations. The sixties saw the explosion of the traditional group of four complete universities, located at Brussels, Ghent, Liège and Leuven, into a more regionalized ensemble. The free univer sities of Brussels and Leuven split into Dutch and French speaking entities and new universities were created in Antwerp, Hasselt, Mons and Namur. This centrifugal expansion had a positive impact on research in general and on physics in par ticular. The reason is partly to be found in the fact that the activities of newly created research groups could, in general, be coor dinated satisfactorily with those of established institutions through the sup port given by national research foundations and even by government sponsored « concerted actions ».


The effect of various milling parameters such as milling time,water to powder weight ratio,ball to powder weight ratio and grinding ball gradation on the particle size and morphology of glass frit was investigated.The silver paste,prepared by mixing the glass frit with a certain proportion of silver powder organic vehicle,was printed and sintered in silicon chip.The electrical properties of polycrystalline silicon solar cells were detected.The results show that the grinding time of 4h,solid to liquid weight ratio of 1:0.8,ball to powder weight ratio of 2.5:1 and grinding ball gradation of 3:2:1 are the best ball milling parameters for glass frit used for front silver paste.The Rs of solar cells is 7.15mΩ and its conversion efficiency reaches 16.56%.


Nowadays with the advance of the space exploration and the large-scale utilization of mineral resources, many nations begin to put their eyes on 'Asteroid Mining'. In fact, the United Nations' Outer Space Treaty was signed 55 years ago. But with new problems about global equity and interest protection popping up, it's quite essential to update the original treaty. In order to structure a solid fundamental for our analysis, we firstly build a definition model to define the 'Global Equity'. We use great amount of indicators searched from OECD and integrate them into four main factors:' Resource', 'Society',' Economy' and 'History'. Through 'AHP' and 'TOPSIS', we work out the weights of every factor and their sub-indicators. We successfully build the Equity Assessment Model (EI model) and the importance of each factor appears immediately. Then we calculate the EI value of each nation which shows the overall condition of the nation in the course of resources allocation. Based on the data we get, we classify the nations into three grades: 'Top Qualified Countries', 'Rest Qualified Countries', 'Unqualified Countries'. The explanation will be given later. So how are the mineral sources allocated in the market? We think the mining countries should get rewards to cover the cost of researching and exploring. Also, the 'Unqualified Countries' should be aided and given some welfare and discount. The rest countries purchase their share of minerals regularly. Different countries have different shares of mineral resources they can purchase based on the Allocation Model we build. We use the Regression Analysis of input-output and Copulglas functionto help build the model. The share scheme and welfare scheme are two features of our analysis. After that, we jump to the conclusion that the economy and even the whole world will get better after the asteroid mining is implemented.


In this study, solutions of time-space fractional partial differential equations(FPDEs) are obtained by utilizing the Shehu transform iterative method. The utilityof the technique is shown by getting numerical solutions to a large number of FPDEs.


From philosophical angle this article studies sport alienation, especially adopting Nietzsche's "the Will to Power" to discuss sport alienation's rootstock. From a broad angle it studies sport alienation, awakening people's attentions to sport alienation again.


Study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the discovery learning method and the results of learning to draw shapes.The population in this study were all students of class X SMA Negeri 1 Pollung who took shape drawing lessons with a total of 288 students and a sample of 40 people, namely each The class consists of 5 students with sampling using the Quota Sampling technique. This research method uses correlational research. The findings of this study indicate that there is a correlation between the ability to draw shapes with the discovery learning method (X1) with the results of learning to draw shapes (Y) = 30.20 for DK = n-2 = 38 α = 0.05 ttable = 1.684 turns out that >  (30.20> 1.684), the ability to draw shapes using discovery learning method (X2) with the result of learning to draw shapes (Y) t _count = 3.46 for DK = n-2 = 38 α = 0.05  = 1.684 turns out that >  (3.46> 1.684). The magnitude of the relationship between the ability to draw shapes (X_1) (X_2) with learning outcomes to draw shapes (Y) has a correlation of 0.98 and 0.49, and the contribution is 96% and 24%.


This work is part of the SHIECC Project, whose aim is to design and implement a computer-supported collaborative learning environment applied to courses in engineering. The authors focus here on the conceptual model of the system; the present their agent-based architecture and propose new cooperative learning strategies to be applied within the cooperative learning sessions of SHIECC.


The invention provides a method for preparing a NBR60-grade membrane dermalis mixed rubber. The method for preparing the NBR60-grade membrane dermalis mixed rubber comprises the following steps: adding NBR220S into an internal mixer for plastification mixing; adding zinc oxide, stearic acid, PEG-4000, an anti-aging agent RD, an anti-aging agent 4010NA and coumarone sequentially for mixing; further adding N330 carbon black, N660 carbon black, light calcium and ATBC for mixing, thereby obtaining the NBR60-grade membrane dermalis mixed rubber. The method has the beneficial effects that as NBR220S raw rubber of a high content of propylene is used in the mixed rubber, the tensile strength and the tearing strength of the mixed rubber are improved, meanwhile the problems that air leakage can be easily caused as a similar product is poor in air tightness, or serious compression set of a product material is caused, can be solved, and the service life of the mixed rubber can be prolonged.


In the last ten years as a secondary school teacher I have created countless online resources for my students to access from school and from home. Now, Education Queensland's Learning Place provides us with an easy means to publish online materials and combine them with powerful communication and collaboration tools. The Learning Place is a conglomeration of communication and collaboration tools such as chats, blogs, forums and a virtual learning environment powered by Blackboard. In the last three years I have used Blackboard and one of its open source competitors, Moodle to write online courses for high school students, university students as well as professional development for teachers who want to integrate online learning activities into their subjects. This article considers three approaches to planning online lessons and activities. Some of these concepts are as old as my jokes. However, I often find teachers racing head-long into webenabled teaching and eventually burning themselves out without realising it doesn't need to be so difficult. Perhaps the biggest and most common mistake I see teachers make is that they try to write online lessons as if they were teaching face-to-face with same level of detail and authority. They write short learning activities or instructions which are just as easily done in the classroom. Instead, the potential of online teaching as a way to facilitate collaborative and independent learning is neglected. My first piece of advice is:  Start somewhere  Start small  Start where success is most likely Take a moment to consider these three approaches. They aren't new, but they are valuable. Later in this article I will discuss a range of online learning activities which can be used with your class.


Much effort has been expended by researchers in the development of new procedures for characterizing asphalt cements. Such procedures have long been needed to improve the day-to-day monitoring of asphalt composition. Furthermore, the development of these procedures is crucual to the long-term research effort directed at improving the quality of asphalt binders. High-pressure gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) is one of the procedures currently being evaluated that has produced encouraging results. Some evidence has been presented to indicate that this procedure may be useful for predicting the performance of asphalts. However, some of the results from HPGPC analysis are not fully understood; for example, the relationship between HPGPC data and viscosity is still obscure. Consequently, the main objective of this project was to study the relationship of HPGPC data to viscosity and penetration. In this project, the three products of a residuum oil supercritical extraction refinery unit were blended to produce asphalts of varying composition. Thus, these asphalts are all from the same crude source and refinery process; any variation in their rheology is directly attributable to changes in their chemical composition. It was established that there is a quantitative relationship between HPGPC data and the rheological properties of the blended asphalts. In addition, it was determined that changes in the asphalt composition were accompanied by corresponding changes in the HPGPC profile. Therefore, it was concluded that HPGPC may be useful for monitoring changes in asphalt properties that occur during the construction process and subsequent exposure to the elements.


The aim of this paper is to investigate how Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping of materialized aspects of human culture in pre-conquest Amazonia can increase our understanding of the distribution of indigenous languages and ethno-linguistic entities. The main objective of the project is to build a GIS database for correlating geography, linguistics, material culture (e.g., ceramic styles, rock art styles, horticultural systems, etc.), trade routes, and political projects over time, in order to gain further understanding of the forces behind the extraordinary linguistic diversity in Amazonia. This presentation will exemplify this methodology, focusing on the relationship between symbolism (as expressed in the frog motive in rock art and green stone amulets), trade routes, and language families. By correlating the distribution of symbolic expressions, such as the frog motive, with known trade routes and the distribution of language families at the time of contact, it is possible to test or at least illuminate various hypotheses on the emergence and history of specific ethno-linguistic groups. One such hypothesis, offered here as an example, is that the wide distribution of Arawakan languages in greater Amazonia (from the Antilles to Bolivia) is the imprint not so much of ancient migrations as of a network of trade routes spanning much of the continent several centuries before European contact. (Less)


Background: Epidermal naevi are congenital harmatomas that arise from embryonal ectodermal cells. The inflammatory linear verrucous variant is rare and presents with disturbing symptoms. In blacks the classical erythema is not common but pruritus and discharge are the commonest features. Methods and results: We present inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal naevus in three black adults and illustrated its presentation in our population. Conclusion: Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal naevus is a prurigenic dermatosis whose symptoms can alleviated with full thickness surgical excision. Keywords : epidermal, naevus, verrucous, excision


On the basis of analyzing the voltage-controlled oscillator(VCO) design theory,the general principle of designing a VCO is introduced.An S-band microstrip VCO is designed and realized based on ADS software.Through debugging and testing,the result agrees with that of the ADS simulation.This method has guidance significance and application value for the frequency source research.


In most current seismic design on bridges, only mainshock actions are considered without incorporating the effect of mainshock-aftershock (MA) sequences and interaction soil-pile.However, a large mainshock usually triggers numerous aftershocks in a short period. This paperstudy the effect of mainshock-aftershock sequences on the behavior of interaction Soil-pile-structure system (ISPS). abeam on nonlinearWinkler foundation (BNWF) model is usingand subjected to non-linear static analysis and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) leading finally to the fragility curves which are developed. These analyses aim to capture the collapse state of structures under aftershock events preceded by various mainshock levels. Results obtained from capacity curve, incremental dynamic and fragility curves of ISSP system.The analytical results show that in the MA sequences,for dense soil the vulnerable of mainshock-aftershock (MS-AS) loading are more damage due to mainshock loading for all diameter of the pile and the mass. For soft soil   are more vulnerable to damage due to mainshock-aftershock (MS-AS) loading.  But in the stiff clay the effect of mainshock-aftershock (MS-AS) loading for all the diameter of pile and  for masse are neglected.
Keywords:bridge,interaction soil-pile-structure, Winkler foundation, dynamic analysis, fragility curves,mainshock-aftershock.


Mobile Ad hoc networks are characterized by multi-hop wireless connectivity, frequently changing network topology and the need for efficient dynamic routing protocols. There are many existing protocols for ad-hoc network that can generally be categorized into pro-active and re-active protocols types. In Reactive we will discuss about AODV [2,3,4] (Ad Hoc on-Demand Distance Vector Routing) protocol. AODV adopts a very different mechanism to maintain routing information. It uses traditional routing tables, one entry per destination. An important feature of AODV is the maintenance of time based states in all nodes. For the route discovery the control packets are used: Route Request (RREQ), Route Reply (RREP), Route Error (RERR).This paper is an effort to provide overview and working of the AODV protocol. Index Terms – MANET, Proactive, Reactive, AODV, RREQ, RREP, Vunerabilites ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Review on TNFRSF11B (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.


Precast concrete panel is one of the Industrial Building System (IBS) components currently used in modern construction industry, especially, in a highly populated urban area in Malaysia, owing to its cost and time efficiency in a project completion. However, the constraints lie in Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) when IBS workers manually lift the concrete panel repeatedly. The aim of this study is to analyze the recommended weight limit (RWL), lifting index (LI) and physiological experience among workers while lifting precast concrete panel with 3300mm x 600mm size and compressive strength of 40MPa. The methods involved include a survey through the Nordic questionnaires, interview sessions, NIOSH lifting index calculation, recommended work limit calculation, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and video recording. The results yielded the MSDs problem. The guidelines of recommended weight limit and lifting index are produced. They benefit workers and increase their awareness on the MSDs issues.


According to three kinds typical welded turnout combination system, a mechanical model of welded turnout combination system has been established. Based on generalized varaitional methods of railway welded turnout, the equilibrium equation of welded turnout combination system is derived, and the additional temperature forces and the displacements of rails is computed. The results can be used to guide the design and the maintenance of continuous welded turout.


Liver segmentation from CT image is a difficult task due to abdomen apparatus complexity. Snakes, or active contours, are extensively used in medical image segmentation. The automatic generation of initial snake curves and improving snake performance in case of blur edges are still open challenges for liver segmentations. In this paper, texture classification and morphology filter are employed to generate initial Snake points. Then, a novel external force, the gradient map derived from morphological multiscale gradients, is proposed to enhance blur edge information in modified snake algorithm. Experiment shows that the proposed algorithm achieves accurate liver boundaries in different sliced abdomen CT images.


We develop a fully self-consistent solver for the six-band k middot p Schrodinger and Poisson equations which enables us to compute the potential, charge distribution and subband energy in Si and Ge hole inversion layers for arbitrary substrate orientations, for both bulk and multigate MOSFETs. The results for the valence subband structure are used in a simplex Monte Carlo simulator to evaluate the low-field mobility. The results obtained in the case of bulk Si devices are compared with the universal mobility curves and a very good agreement is found.


difference, not the brand-name program. Every educator has stories about the "program of the month," which sometimes conflicts with last month's initiative. Practice really does make perfect, and if we want an initiative to succeed, we have to invest the time and effort into it. All educators have to realize that there really are only twenty-four hours in a day. People do get fatigued and stressed. Everything cannot be a priority. The biggest contribution will be in the area of teacher retention, if districts follow the advice given by Reeves. New teachers need much more support and feedback in the beginning years of teaching. We should not let the enthusiasm and energy of young teachers be crushed by the challenges of facing a class without support. These young teachers are as much our future as our students! Leatrice Malec


Objective The purposes of this study were to describe trends in parathyroid imaging utilization and to compare the sensitivities of sonography, scintigraphy, and 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) in different imaging algorithms. Methods A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent parathyroid surgery from 2009 to 2014 was performed. Utilization and accuracy were compared for sonography, scintigraphy, and 4DCT. Results The study population was composed of 604 patients with 850 adenomas or hyperplastic glands. Sonography was the most common imaging modality, performed in 91.2% (551/604) of patients. The utilization of 4DCT increased in the study period from 1.5% (2/133) in 2009–2010 to 75.8% (72/95) in 2013–2014 (P < 0.01). The overall sensitivities of sonography, scintigraphy, and 4DCT, regardless of order of imaging or imaging algorithm, were 58.6% (456/778), 49.1% (317/645), and 82.3% (121/147), respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusions Four-dimensional CT has the highest sensitivity for localization of parathyroid adenomas regardless of order of imaging or imaging algorithm.


The present invention relates to a circuit protection device and a manufacturing method thereof. The circuit protection device according to the present invention, a common mode noise filter having the coil pattern, the internal electrodes, a plurality of conductive material is embedded hole and the magnetic material is embedded holes are selectively formed sheet, internal comprising the ESD protection device having a plurality of sheets with a hole which the electrode and the ESD protection material is embedded is selectively formed, a. According to the present invention, and laminated common mode noise filter and the ESD protection device of a solenoid type as a single element, it is possible to simultaneously suppress a common mode noise and ESD of an electronic device using the same. Thus, from being simplified configuration than the conventional was using a separate device in order to protect the common mode noise and ESD, it is possible to prevent an increase in size of the electronic device, the distortion of the output signal it can be can be prevented to improve the reliability of electronic equipment. .The


We established the ecological environmental quality assessment index system and evaluated the ecological environmental quality of Yinchuan plain to provide anevaluation foundation to the ecological environment construction in Yinchuan plain,in order to promote the eco-environment development.Through frequency statistics,theoretical analysis and expert consultation 25 eligible factors were selected;Using the index method,the differences and linear weighting method the original data were processed,standardized coefficient of the weight of each index was determined,and the environment comprehensive indexs of Yinchuan plain were finally determined.Results showed since 2003~2008,the ecological environmental quality of Yinchuan plain was improving overall. The ecological environment construction in Yinchuan plain has achieved remarkable success.The future urban ecological environment construction should change the pattern of economic growth and develope the green economy,increase economic investment,finally to improve the ecological environment quality.


Applications of statistical concepts to language study are not only very uncommon, but most linguists appear to look upon such attempts with distrust. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate some of the pitfalls as well as some of the advantages to applying mathematical approaches to linguistic materials. The data utilized below were drawn from a morpheme frequency count of Turkish which was undertaken in Ankara in 1957 and completed in 1960 as basic research for a mass literacy project in the Turkish Armed Forces. In the two samples of spoken Turkish which were counted, each word was broken up into its component morphemes, and an exact record was kept of the number of occurrences of each understandable morpheme in the recorded texts. In the written materials, approximately 5% of books, magazines, etc. represent the whole, as the morphemes were counted only on every twentieth page. Separate affix files were kept for written and spoken Turkish, and separate stem files were kept for elicited and unelicited spoken as well as seven different types of written text. However, the samples of the written styles were individually too small, i.e. the largest was just over 20,000 words, so these will be combined here into a single list. A total of 103,485 words (word being defined as a stem plus its affixes), consisting of 163,544 morphemes, was counted (every twentieth page) from a little over 2,000,000 words of printed material. A total of 138,336 words, consisting of 250,026 morphemes of spoken Turkish, was also counted. This sample consisted of all of the spoken text that had been


3 Abstract: The aim of the present study was to consider the relationship between cultural-social factors and students' mental health in Razi University of Kermanshah. The study was conducted using the survey and through questionnaires. Statistical population consisted o f students in Razi University of Kermanshah. To facilitate and expedite the research and to save time and cost, inevitably, 300 individuals were selected from the statistical population by systematic random sampling. Face validity was used for research validity and Cronbach's Alpha was used for the research reliability. Pearson correlation coefficient was used as a statistical technique, comparison of the means was used to test the hypotheses and regression techniques were used to measure the research model. The research findings showed a significant relationship between variables such as leisure (r=0.44), sports (r=0.53), religion (r=0.48), marital status (r=0.71), music (r=0.45) and stress (r=0.31) and the mental health of the students. Regression results showed that these five variables (religion, sports, music, marital status and location) had a significant effect on the dependent variable. Totally, they described 57% of changes of dependent variable (R =0.57). 2


High-precision, high-reliability, and high-density GPS crustal velocity are extremely important requirements for geodynamic analysis. The least-squares collocation algorithm (LSC) has unique advantages over crustal movement models to overcome observation errors in GPS data and the sparseness and poor geometric distribution in GPS observations. However, traditional LSC algorithms often encounter negative covariance statistics, and thus, calculating statistical Gaussian covariance function based on the selected distance interval leads to inaccurate estimation of the correlation between the random signals. An unreliable Gaussian statistical covariance function also leads to inconsistency in observation noise and signal variance. In this study, we present an improved LSC algorithm that takes into account the combination of distance scale factor and adaptive adjustment to overcome these problems. The rationality and practicability of the new algorithm was verified by using GPS observations. Results show that the new algorithm introduces the distance scale factor, which effectively weakens the influence of systematic errors by improving the function model. The new algorithm can better reflect the characteristics of GPS crustal movement, which can provide valuable basic data for use in the analysis of regional tectonic dynamics using GPS observations.


A procedure has been described to determine picomole levels
of adenosine3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (CAMP) in plant materials. The purification of CAMP from other
interfering nucleotide and phenolic compounds is made
using paper and column chromatography. The resulting CAMP
is enzymatically transformed to ATP and estimated by its luminescent reaction with iuciferase. The advantages of this method have been discussed in the light of purification and assay of CAMP. The content of CAMP in lettuce, barley seeds, cabbage leaves, and cultivated mushrooms has been estimated by this procedure


Experimental and kinetic studies of the chemical role of CO2 in hydrocarbon reactions were conducted in a fuel-rich CH4 flat flame with air ratios varying from 0.60 to 0.74. Unburned hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6) in O2/CO2 combustion were found to be lower than those in air combustion. The differences in the CH4 oxidation characteristics between the air and O2/CO2 combustion were caused by the chemical role of CO2 in the reaction R1 (CO2 + H → CO + OH), R2 (CH2(S) + CO2 → CH2O + CO), and higher third body efficiencies of CO2 at an air ratio (= 0.62 where the concentrations of reactants were high. The role of CO2 in R1, R2, and the higher third body efficiencies of CO2 decreased the rate of CH4 oxidation during the early stage of combustion, where O2 was present. Even though R2 did not directly compete with the main chain branching reaction R3 (H + O2 → H + OH) for H radicals, like R1 did, R2 changed the hydrocarbon reaction pathway, thereby decreasing the rate of R4 (CH3 + HO2 → CH3O + OH) which had negative sensitivity in CH4 oxidation. However, we found that R1 and R2 advance CH4 oxidation in the last stage of combustion where O2 was mostly consumed. This is attributed to the fact that the reactions R1 and R2 were able to advance without the presence of O2, and that R1 produced OH radicals that were active in hydrocarbon oxidation in the specific temperature range and R2 enhanced hydrocarbon oxidation when the rate of R4 was insignificant. Although R1 was the dominant reaction to reduce unburned hydrocarbons in the O2/CO2 combustion, the role of R2 was significant at  = 0.62. Meanwhile, when the air ratio was 0.74 where concentrations of reactants were relatively low, the chemical role of CO2 is to only decrease the rate of CH4 oxidation due to the presence of an excessive amount of O2.


The present invention relates to novel diamine dithiol derivative and a suitable salt with a pharmaceutically; in addition, its radioactive rhenium complex and lipiodol liver cancer therapeutic compositions and their liver kit for preparing a composition for the treatment, including; his radioactive rhenium or tekeune syum complex It relates. Liver cancer treatment diamine dithiol derivatives, long chain alkyl side chain of the active substance in the composition is introduced to the diamine dithiol for according to the invention facilitates the formation of the radioactive rhenium or tekeune syum as complex as a new material, and also diamine dithiol derivative - by a radioactive rhenium complex as a combination lipiodol and more powerful van der Waals, and have a more stable state in lipiodol a complex medium. Therefore, it represents a high accumulation rate in the liver tissue when such a composition of the present invention hayeoteul scanning the liver through the hepatic artery can be obtained for an effective therapeutic effect without the side effect of liver cancer. Diamine, dithiol, radioactive rhenium, lipiodol


We study the birational maps of P 3 C. More precisely we describe the irreducible components of the set of birational maps of bidegree (3, 3) (resp. (3, 4), resp. (3, 5)).


OBJECTIVE
Accurate preoperative assessment of aortic invasion by esophageal carcinoma is of great importance for planning surgery. We compared the accuracy of intraaortic endovascular sonography with that of CT in the diagnosis of aortic invasion by esophageal carcinoma.

CONCLUSION
In this study, intraaortic endovascular sonography was sensitive in detecting aortic invasion; both sensitivity and specificity were 100%. Intraaortic endovascular sonography proved useful in detecting aortic invasion by esophageal carcinoma.


The intensity of the Semi-Pelagian controversy in the Gaulish Church of the fifth and sixth centuries The controversy over Augustine's predestinarian views was transferred to Gaul after the Vandal conquest of Africa. The Pelagian controversy was characterised by the participation of several prominent figures and the convention of seven councils. The question, however, is why the Semi-Pelagian controversy was of such a different character. The answer is to be found in the context of the participants in the debate: the unique charac- ter of the Gaulish Church, the influence from the monasteries and the distinctive political setting of this region. John Cassian, founder of the monasteries of Marseilles, took the view that God's grace comes as an answer to the beginning of a good will in the human person and the free will in man can either neg- lect or delight in the grace of God. The same sentiments were soon heard from the monastery on the island of Lerins. The reaction to this stance by Prosper of Aquitaine led to the literary involvement of Augustine. For several decades the bishops of Arles and Vienne attempted to raise their city's ecclesiastical status above the other cities of Southern Gaul – a phenomenon typical of the public life of this region. In 529 Caesarius, former monk of Lerins, of aristocratic descent and bishop of Arles, held a synod at Orange. This synod affirmed a diluted form of the Augustinian position. All the elements of the character of this controversy can be found in the person of Caesarius who was also mainly responsible for the formulation of the canons of this synod.


The steps beyond ITER are open at this stage. During the ITER construction and operation period, other magnetic confinement schemes or inertial fusion may show more promise than ITER, so the door is open for these schemes to supersede the tokamak in subsequent steps. Certainly, the technologies developed for and tested on ITER: remote maintenance, tritium breeding high temperature blankets, and high heat flux components, will provide essential information whatever the confinement scheme used.


Political parties and institutions are established by recognized leaders who maintain reputations for reliably rewarding their supporters. To compete for power in any political system, a leader needs to build a base of active supporters, but their behavior cannot be directly observed by others (moral hazard problem). The essential key to motivating this base is the leader's reputation for distributing patronage benefits to his supporters. The paper explains why a mix of leadership and patronage is necessary to curb the negative effects of moral hazard when building an independent State.


The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of red wine on the physicochemical properties and sensory score of cooked pork patties. The samples consisted of the pork patty without red wine(control), and 1, 3 and 5% red wine(RWP-1, 3 and 5, respectively). There were no significantly differences in the moisture(58.1~58.7%), crude protein(15.9~16.3%), crude fat(23.2~23.7%), and crude ash(2.7~2.9%) contents, and the Hunter's a * -value(0.2~0.6), cooking loss(16.5~19.2%), VBN(11.9~15.6 ㎎%), total bacterial count(2.0~2.1 Log cfu/mL), hardness(3,193~3,336 dyne/㎠), springiness(75.8~79.7%), cohesiveness(47.8~52.1%), gumminess(489~509 ㎏), chewiness(183~209 g) and strength (1,144~1,199 g) between the pork patties. Of the pork patties the L * value of the control and the b * value of RWP-5 were the lowest(p<0.05). The pH and TBARS value of RWP-5 were the lowest of all the pork patties. The flavor of RWP-5 was superior to that of the other pork patties, and the taste, texture, juiciness and palatability of RWP-3 and RWP-5 were superior to those of the control and RWP-1. In conclusion, the addition of 5% red wine was most suitable for enhancing the physicochemical properties and sensory score of pork patties.


A method for coupling together at least two articles, comprising the steps of forming a mold which is formed at least partially of an article, comprising the steps of depositing a curable composition in the mold, the curable composition polymerized by metathesis polymerization, a method comprising the steps of forming a molded polymeric joint for joining two articles to each other, a, and articles formed by the method. A first portion and a second portion, an article comprising a molded polymer joint, a molded polymer joint couples the first portion to the second portion, molded polymer joint of at least about 1.3mm of a thickness, molded polymer joint comprises a metathesis polymer, both the first and second portions have different compositions and molded polymeric joint article. .FIELD 1A


This paper proposes a design of low-power and low-noise CMOS neural recording amplifier with an open-loop configuration. The proposed design has been simulated using CMOS 0.18µm process. The proposed design with the signal folding technique, when compared to the closed-loop configured neural amplifier, has adequately minimized the total power consumption. The performance metrics such as gain, bandwidth, and input referred noise is also finely optimized.


Organizations at risk for specialty care face a slew of challenges in limiting financial exposure. These risk protection strategies can improve contract performance.


Organic chromium (OC) plays an important role in glycometabolism and lipid metabolism. The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of OC on glycometabolism and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats.


Differential cros~sections for elastic proton-proton scattering have been measured for incident momenta of 3, 5, and 7 GeV/c. The protons scattered backwards in the CM system are detected with scintillation counters following analysis with a magnetic spectrometer. Polyethylene and carbon targets.were used for scattered momenta between 500 and 4000 MeV/c, and a gaseous hydrogen target was used for scattered momenta below 600 MeV/c. With a few exceptions, the statistical errors are smaller than . 0 1% for the lower momentum transfers, and increase to 5% for 90 scattering in the center of mass •. The cross sections at high momentum transfer are nearly independent of-momentum transfer but depend upon incident energy, a result consistent with experiments at higher energy.


Direct-current plasma emission spectrometric analysis of platinum group metals in solutions from automobile catalyst shows significant enhancement of analyte values Addition of a lithium buffer does not remove the interference The only matrix constituents in these solutions were aluminum and magnesium, both of which were found to cause enhancement in the determination of platinum, palladium, and rhodium A buffer consisting of 3500 mg/L lithium and 2500 mg/L lanthanum removed the enhancement effect of both magnesium and aluminum on these metals 8-hydroxyquinoline also reduced the degree of interference due to aluminum, although not as efficiently as lanthanum, indicating that formation of compounds in the dc plasma is a possible source for the observed interference


Description Microbes hijack prostate cancer therapy Androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are essential for male reproduction and sexual function. Androgens can also influence the growth of prostate tumor cells, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) either by surgical means (castration) or pharmacological approaches (hormone suppression), is the cornerstone of current prostate cancer treatments. Pernigoni et al. found that when the body was deprived of androgens during ADT, the gut microbiome could produce androgens from androgen precursors (see the Perspective by McCulloch and Trinchieri). Gut commensal microbiota in ADT-treated patients or castrated mice produced androgens that were absorbed into the systemic circulation. These microbe-derived androgens appeared to favor the growth of prostate cancer and helped to facilitate development into a castration- or endocrine therapy–resistant state. —PNK The gut microbiota contributes androgens to promote endocrine resistance in prostate cancer. The microbiota comprises the microorganisms that live in close contact with the host, with mutual benefit for both counterparts. The contribution of the gut microbiota to the emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has not yet been addressed. We found that androgen deprivation in mice and humans promotes the expansion of defined commensal microbiota that contributes to the onset of castration resistance in mice. Specifically, the intestinal microbial community in mice and patients with CRPC was enriched for species capable of converting androgen precursors into active androgens. Ablation of the gut microbiota by antibiotic therapy delayed the emergence of castration resistance even in immunodeficient mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from CRPC mice and patients rendered mice harboring prostate cancer resistant to castration. In contrast, tumor growth was controlled by FMT from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients and Prevotella stercorea administration. These results reveal that the commensal gut microbiota contributes to endocrine resistance in CRPC by providing an alternative source of androgens.


In this paper we prove a generalization of the iterated
homogenization theorem for monotone operators, proved by Lions et
al. in [20] and [21]. Our results enable us to homogenize more
realistic models of multiscale structures.


The quantitative analysis of Wolf-Rayet type spectra requires nonLTE models for expanding atmospheres which have been developed in the last decade. Idealizing assumptions of the so-called standard model are spherical symmetry, homogeneity and stationarity. While the first generations of models were restricted to simple atoms (helium, hydrogen), we now apply more advanced calculations which account for complex model atoms (nitrogen, carbon, oxygen). The re-analysis of the Galactic WN sample from the nitrogen lines led to a substantial revision of the stellar parameters, as far as the WNE-w subclass is concerned. Wind inhomogeneity ('clumping') has been accounted for in a first-order approximation. The degree of clumping is derived from the electron-scattering wings of strong lines. With clumped models, considerably lower mass-loss rates (by a factor two or more) are obtained, while other empirical parameters are not affected significantly. An overview is given about the fundamental parameters of Wolf-Rayet stars as obtained from spectral analyses, including new results on WN stars in the LMC.


The exiting problems in Chinese pushing engineering bill pricing were analyzed,the countermeasures of engineering bill pricing were correspondingly proposed,so as to popularize engineering bill pricing application in engineering and promote enterprises' management level enhancement and healthy development of architectural enterprise.


Ordered mesoporous silica materials are of interest for a wide range of applications. In many of these, elevated temperatures are used either in the preparation of the material or during its use. Therefore, an understanding of the effect of high temperature treatments on these materials is desirable. In this work, a detailed structural study is performed on silicas with three representative pore structures: a 2-D hexagonal pore arrangement (SBA-15), a continuous 3D cubic bimodal pore structure (KIT-6), and a 3D large cage pore structure (FDU-12). Each silica is studied as prepared and after treatment at a series of temperatures between 300 and 900°C. Pore structures are imaged using Transmission Electron Microscopy. This technique is used in conjunction with Small-Angle X-ray Diffraction, gas physisorption, and 29Si solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Using these techniques, the pore size distributions, the unit cell dimensions of the mesoporous structures, and the relative occupancy of the distinct chemical environments of Si within them are cross correlated for the three silicas and their evolution with treatment temperature is elucidated. The physical and chemical properties before, during, and after collapse of these structures at high temperatures are described as are the differences in behavior between the three silica structures.


Abstract THIS PAPER DESCRIBES DEVELOPMENT OF A QUANTITATIVE HPTLC ASSAY FOR DETERMINATION OF HISTAMINE RELEASED FROM THE RAT SEROSAL MAST CELLS. BRIEFLY, HISTAMINE IS QUANTIFIED BY DERIVATIZATION WITH DANSYL CHLORIDE, THEN SEPARATED BY HPTLC AND DETECTED BY DENSITOMETRY SCANNING UNDER FLUOROMETRIC MODE. THE METHOD USES R-PHENYLEPHRINE AS AN INTERNAL STANDARD, AND SHOWS AN EXCELLENT LINEARITY OVER THE RANGE OF 50 TO 300 NG/ML THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS ALLOW RESOLUTION OF THE DANSYLATED HISTAMINE AND INTERNAL STANDARD FROM THE OTHER DANSYLATED CO-EXTRACTABLE POLYAMINES.


Energy conversion efficiency of the body center of gravity (COG) is an effective quantitative index for gait assessment and orthosis design. COG can be measured using a 3D motion analysis device; however, its introduction in hospitals has not progressed because its large size and high costs. This study proposes a method of measuring energy conversion efficiency of COG (%recovery) by using Kinect. Also, this paper assesses the data of %recovery which are simultaneously measured by Kinect and a 3D motion analysis device.


Non‐covalent molecular interactions on the basis of halogen and chalcogen bonding represent a promising, powerful catalytic activation mode. However, these "unusual" non‐covalent interactions are typically employed in the solid state and scarcely exploited in catalysis. In recent years, an increased interest in halogen and chalcogen bonding has been awaken, as they provide profound characteristics that make them an appealing alternative to the well‐explored hydrogen bonding. Being particularly relevant in the binding of "soft" substrates, the similar strength to hydrogen bonding interactions and its higher directionality allows for solution‐phase applications with halogen and chalcogen bonding as the key interaction. In this mini‐review, the special features, state‐of‐the‐art and key examples of these so‐called σ‐hole interactions in the field of organocatalysis are presented.


The relatively high prevalence of bearing faults in electrical machines demand on-line monitoring of the machine's operating data to ensure both high reliability and efficiency and avoid unwanted breakdowns.This paper deals with simulating bearings (5 DOF-model) in conjunction with an induction machine. The main objective therefore is to obtain a deeper understanding of how a faulty bearing affects both the entire bearing and the machine with respect to the vibration signal and additional frictional torque. Furthermore, different shapes of spalls on the raceway are then being described, examined and compared to each other.


This research work aims to analyze the policies implemented by the Ecuadorian government regarding gender violence in the country, taking into account the factors that have influenced the implementation of these policies since the late 1990s. Through an application methodological from a theoretical approach, and through a bibliographic review, where the theoretical conceptualizations of authors such as Michael Howlett and Christopher Hood, on the execution of public policies, change in policies, policy instruments and the implementation gap will be used as a frame of reference and other theories that complement each other, with the aim of explaining the deficient implementation of policies on violence against women implemented in the country. In addition, a brief review of the laws, norms, campaigns and projects carried out by the State and feminist organizations with the aim of preventing and eradicating violence against women will be developed, also to reviewing statistics that give an approximation for the number of cases of violence in Ecuador.


The growing number of private transportation ownership yearly creates congestion problems, especially in urban areas. Public transportation conditions such as Rapid Transit Bus (BRT) are an alternative use of transportation. BRT Trans Semarang Corridor 1 is the busiest Trans Semarang Bus route compared to other routes, this corridor departs from Mangkang Terminal to Penggaron Terminal. The results of previous research samples show that 50% of the passengers of BRT Trans Semarang Corridor 1 chose to walk to and from the bus stops. However, the current condition of the pedestrian paths is less optimal in creating pedestrian comfort, such as the lack of shady vegetation to designs that do not meet the standard needs of the user and the integration system is still minimal with various modes. The purpose of this study is to identify a travel need model such as design and ease of access in accordance with the pedestrian travel demand of BRT Trans Semarang Corridor 1 passenger using the new 3D urbanism approach (Density, Diversity, Design). Density analysis uses descriptive statistical analysis methods and simulates the interpolation of population data and building density using the ArcGIS 10.3 application to generate pedestrian needs such as pedestrian design or elements of pedestrian paths and access to pedestrian paths to environmental density. Analysis of the diversity was performed using the land-use distribution simulation method with ArcGIS 10.3 and FAR (Floor Area Ratio) analysis was performed using the 2016 Sketchup simulation. Compile a pedestrian path model recommendation under pedestrian demand.


Background: Autophagy is an important biological process that is involved in cellular homeostasis and survival. Derailment of some cellular autophagic processes affects normal cellular function, resulting in cancers and other disorders. Autophagy related proteins are Beclin-1, a human tumour suppressor, Bcl-2 and p62 have been characterised in most cancers. Particularly, a number of studies have reported a loss of Beclin-1 and up regulation of Bcl-2 and p62 in breast cancers. However, studies regarding the expression of these proteins in colorectal adenomaadenocarcinoma transformation sequence are yet to be described. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of Beclin-1, Bcl-2 and p62 in both colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections from 14 patients with colorectal tumours and the expression patterns were semi-quantitatively evaluated based on the intensity of staining and the percentage of tumour cells stained. Results: Cytoplasmic Beclin-1 and p62 expression patterns ranged from moderate to high in both tubular adenomas and adenocarcinomas as compared to normal colonic mucosa. Cytoplasmic Bcl-2 expression was moderately expressed in tubular adenomas but negative to low expression was observed in the adenocarcinomas. This study also provided, for the first time, nuclear localization of p62 in only the colorectal adenocarcinomas. Conclusion: Beclin-1, Bcl-2 and p62 may be up regulated in the transition of colorectal adenomas to adenocarcinomas.