Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that results in debilitating cognitive impairment in 40-65% of patients. There are no current treatments for this symptom of MS. This is a systematic review of literature on the impact amphetamines have on cognitive function of MS patients. Methods: An exhaustive search of available medical literature was conducted using MEDLINE-Ovid, MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL.


A novel antiplatelet agent, satigrel (E5510), was administered to 9 patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) and 6 patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) at a dosage of 4mg/day for 2 weeks followed by 8mg/day for another 2 weeks and its effect on platelet function and coagulation-fibrinolytic system as well as hemodynamics were evaluated. Satigrel significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen (p<0.001), lowered plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2) (p<0.01) and 11-dehydro TXB2 (p<0.1), and increased plasma antithrombin III (AT-III) (p<0.001). Hopwever, there were no significant change in plasma levels of β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), platelet factor 4 (PF4), 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-KF), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and plasmin-α2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC). Plasma D-Dimer and fibrinopeptide Bβ15-42 (FPBβ15-42) levels were higher in ASO patients than in TAO patients before treatment and tended to increase in both groups following the administration of satigrel. Furthermore, satigrel improved tissue blood flow in the affected feet (p<0.05) even though clinical improvement and increase in ankle pressure index were not significant. These results suggest that satigrel is beneficial to a failed circulation in these arterial occlusive diseases.


With the increasing use of MRI, treating acute stroke patients having cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) with IV thrombolysis represents a thorny clinical dilemma in vascular neurology.1 CMBs, small round hypointense lesions detected on blood-sensitive MRI sequences, e.g., T2*-gradient echo or susceptibility-weighed imaging, are presumed to reflect minute intraparenchymal bleeding regions resulting from microvascular fragility or increased permeability.1 Hence, much of the enduring clinical interest around CMBs focuses on whether they confer increased intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) risk, including early symptomatic ICH after IV thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in acute stroke.1 While rare, post-tPA ICH is a feared complication, associated with poor outcomes. A large-scale individual-patient data meta-analysis demonstrated that increasing CMB burden on pretreatment MRI is associated with increased ICH risk and poor 3- to 6-month functional outcome after IV thrombolysis for acute stroke.2 Based on these nonrandomized data, 2018 American Stroke Association guidelines,3 while not recommending routine MRI for CMB exclusion before tPA, note the association of >10 CMBs on prior imaging with increased bleeding risk and uncertain treatment benefits. However, the heterogeneous underlying nature of CMBs and the differing patterns of post-thrombolysis ICH, including hemorrhage within the infarct and remote bleeding, leave uncertainty regarding this association. CMBs, as markers of hemorrhage-prone small vessel injury, might contribute particularly to remote ICH.


Objectives We aimed to summarise the prevalence of atypical pathogens in patients with severe pneumonia to understand the prevalence of severe pneumonia caused by atypical pathogens, improve clinical decision-making and guide antibiotic use. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched through November 2022. Eligibility criteria English language studies enrolled consecutive cases of patients diagnosed with severe pneumonia, with complete aetiological analysis. Data extraction and synthesis We conducted literature retrieval on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library to estimate the prevalence of Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Legionella in patients with severe pneumonia. After double arcsine transformation of the data, a random-effects model was used for meta-analyses to calculate the pooled prevalence of each pathogen. Meta-regression analysis was also used to explore whether the region, different diagnostic method, study population, pneumonia categories or sample size were potential sources of heterogeneity. Results We included 75 eligible studies with 18 379 cases of severe pneumonia. The overall prevalence of atypical pneumonia is 8.1% (95% CI 6.3% to 10.1%) In patients with severe pneumonia, the pooled estimated prevalence of Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Legionella was 1.8% (95% CI 1.0% to 2.9%), 2.8% (95% CI 1.7% to 4.3%) and 4.0% (95% CI 2.8% to 5.3%), respectively. We noted significant heterogeneity in all pooled assessments. Meta-regression showed that the pneumonia category potentially influenced the prevalence rate of Chlamydia. The mean age and the diagnostic method of pathogens were likely moderators for the prevalence of Mycoplasma and Legionella, and contribute to the heterogeneity of their prevalence. Conclusions In severe pneumonia, atypical pathogens are notable causes, especially Legionella. The diagnostic method, regional difference, sample size and other factors contribute to the heterogeneity of prevalence. The estimated prevalence and relative heterogeneity factors can help with microbiological screening, clinical treatment and future research planning. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022373950.


These Tables list key protein targets and ligands in this article which are hyperlinked to corresponding entries in http://www.guidetopharmacology.org, the common portal for data from the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY [1], and are permanently archived in the Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16 [2 – 4].


CONTEXT
Mineralocorticoid synthesis by the nonhuman primate periovulatory follicle enhances luteinization. Whether a similar event occurs in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) is unknown.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to determine whether human luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs) produce mineralocorticoids derived from 21-hydroxylase activity and also express mRNA for 21-hydroxylase and the mineralocorticoid receptor.

DESIGN
This was a prospective cohort study.

SETTING
The study was conducted at an academic center.

PATIENTS
LGC lipid content and follicle fluid (FF) hormone analysis was performed on 27 nonobese IVF women. LGCs from six additional nonobese IVF women were used for gene expression studies.

INTERVENTION
At oocyte retrieval, FF was aspirated from the first follicle (≥16 mm in size) of each ovary and pooled LGCs were collected.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
FF steroid analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. LGCs were stained with lipid fluorescent dye BODIPY FL C16 to estimate lipid content by confocal microscopy as a cholesterol source for steroidogenesis in vivo. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using LGCs to detect 21-hydroxylase and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression. Pearson correlation coefficients determined associations between FF steroid levels and LGC lipid content.

RESULTS
FF levels of the 21-hydroxylase-derived steroids, 11-deoxycorticosterone [DOC, 39.97, median (13.94-63.02) ng/mL] and 11-deoxycortisol [11DOC, 2.07 (0.69-5.01) ng/mL], along with the 21-hydroxylase precursor 17-hydroxyprogesterone [1268.21 (493.26-3558.39) ng/mL], positively correlated with LGC lipid content (84 ± 43 fluorescent units/sample) (P ≤ .05, all steroids). 21-Hydroxylase and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression was detected in LGCs.

CONCLUSIONS
Human LGCs likely synthesize 21-hydroxylase-derived mineralocorticoids from cholesterol-containing lipid in vivo to promote postovulatory luteinization via mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated events.


A short-term operation model is developed for optimal operation of hydraulically coupled hydropower plants. The model uses mixed integer nonlinear programming as an optimization tool. An innovative method is proposed to address the issue of hydraulic coupling through the use of tailwater elevation curves. Binary variables are used in the nonlinear programming model formulation for the selection of the tailwater elevation curves. Sensitivity of operation schedules to time delay due to flow transport is analyzed. The developed model is applied to an existing system of hydropower reservoirs in Manitoba, Canada. Results indicate that operation schedules from the operation model, which considers the aspect of hydraulic coupling, are significantly different from those obtained from a similar kind of model that does not consider this issue in an exhaustive approach. The importance of hydraulic coupling and its effect on generating schedules are emphasized.


Introduction 1. Dynamics, feelings, and meanings 2. Ritual, values, and emotions 3. Identity depletion 4. Grief, intensive living, and charisma 5. Gender, identity, and purity 6. Love, mercy, humility, and betrayal 7. Merit, grace, and pardon 8. Moral-somatics, hope, despair, and suffering 9. Revelation, conversion, and spirit power 10. Sacred place, worship, and music Conclusion Bibliography


The concept of pitch shifting has many advantages in different domains. Particularly in producing voice animated movies and cartoons, for enhancing the music systems, dubbing instruments it is very much needed. The task of pitch shifting is achieved using phase vocoder algorithm. It is implemented on Xilinx Artix-7 (XC7a200T1SBG484C) FPGA. Results showed low latency and less power consumption which are suitable for real time applications


In order to analyse the immunodiagnostic potential and evaluation of chemotherapeutic efficacy with S. japonicum recombinant ferritin(rSjferritin). S. japonicum ferritin was expressed in E. coli strain ER2566 and purified with HisBind Resin. Immunoreactivity of rSjferritin was analysed by western blot. rSjferritin was used to detect specific IgG in sera of patients before treatment and at 6 months,1 year and 2 years after treatment, and also to detect cross reactive IgG antibody in sera of patients with other parasitic diseases and healthy individuals by ELISA. The results showed that purified rSjferritin was only recognized by schistosomeinfected sera and immunized rabbits sera. The sensitivity and specificity of rSjferritin as coating antigen was as good as those of AWA and SEA. The negative reversion rate of specific IgG in the sera of patients at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years was 31.8%, 63.3% and 90.5% respectively. The level of IgG against rSjferritin significantly decreased after treatment, and at 2 years after treatment, the IgG returned to normal level. rSjferritin could be used to diagnose schistosomiasis japonica and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the disease.


A semiconductor component with a multilayer stack structure is disclosed, which comprises a substrate; a first conducting layer formed on the substrate and ruled to the bottom surface of the first conducting layer by a laser to form a plurality of first ruling lines; a first group of semiconductor material layers formed on the first conducting layer; a second group of semiconductor material layers formed on the first group of semiconductor material layers, wherein the first group of semiconductor material layers and the second group of semiconductor material layers are simultaneously ruled to the bottom surface of the first group of semiconductor material layers via a laser to form a plurality of second ruling lines, and each second ruling line is composed of a plurality of second holes; and a second conducting layer formed on the second group of semiconductor material layers and ruled to the bottom surface of the first group of semiconductor material layers via a laser to form a plurality of third ruling lines, wherein the second holes are reduced to reduce the distance between the first ruling lines and the second ruling lines and/or the distance between the second ruling lines and the third ruling lines.


Ripk1 -/- mice die at birth from systemic inflammation and this was not transferable in hematopoietic reconstitution experiments. One caveat to interpreting this result is our observation that Ripk1 -/- progenitors failed to engraft lethally irradiated hosts properly. Competitive and serial transplantation experiments suggest that Ripk1 -/- hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) have a cell-intrinsic defect. Blocking TNF allowed Ripk1 -/- progenitors to reconstitute effectively supporting the idea that the cell-intrinsic defect is due to hyper-sensitivity to TNF induced death 1 . TNF can induce both caspase-8 dependent apoptosis and RIPK3/MLKL dependent necroptosis. These results prompted us to determine whether RIPK1 and TNF induced cell death had a role in leukemogenesis. We therefore generated mouse models of AML leukemia by retroviral infection of fusion MLL-ENL constructs into E14 fetal liver cells from Ripk1 -/- , Ripk3 -/- , Mlkl -/- , Casp8 -/- Ripk3 -/- , Casp8 -/- Mlkl -/- and Ripk3 -/- Mlkl -/- mice and transplanting them into sub-lethally irradiated wild type hosts 2 . Except for the Ripk1 -/- MLL-ENL there was no difference in the development of leukemia from these genotypes compared to MLL-ENL wild type. Surprisingly however, given the defective reconstitution potential of Ripk1 -/- HSPC, leukemia induced lethality occurred more than two times faster in Ripk1 -/- MLL-ENL (20 days) compared to wild type MLL-ENL (50 days). No differences in blood profile, histology, myeloid markers or cell cycling were observed. Even more surprisingly, when we retransplanted these leukemias, Ripk1 -/- MLL-ENL had a prolonged disease onset (over 80 days) compared to wild type (around 25 days). I will describe experiments to discover the mechanism behind these intriguing findings. 1. Rickard JA, O9Donnell JA, Evans JM, Lalaoui N, Poh AR, et al. RIPK1 Regulates RIPK3-MLKL-Driven Systemic Inflammation and Emergency Hematopoiesis. Cell. 2014;157:1175-1188. 2. Zuber J, Radtke I, Pardee TS, Zhao Z, Rappaport AR, et al. Mouse models of human AML accurately predict chemotherapy response. Genes Dev. 2009;23:877-889. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Ernest Burch's long and varied career spanning the circumpolar Arctic began with excursions to Labrador, Greenland, and Newfoundland in 1954, 1959, and 1962. His initiation into arctic anthropology through the mentorship of Elmer Harp, Jr., his later collaboration with the Smithsonian Handbook Project, and his Research Associate appointment with the Arctic Studies Center created much common ground with the Smithsonian. This paper reviews Burch's career-long relationship with the Smithsonian Institution and through a short personal memorial he wrote in 2010 for Elmer Harp's Memorial reveals the beginning of his career.


This paper discusses distributionally robust geometric programs with individual or joint chance constraints. Several groups of uncertainty sets are considered: uncertainty sets with first two order moments information; uncertainty sets with known first order or first two order moments information under nonnegative support; uncertainty sets constrained by the Kullback–Leibler divergence with a normal or discrete reference distribution; uncertainty sets constrained by the Wasserstein distance under discrete, full, or nonnegative real-space support; and joint uncertainty sets for the product of random variables. Under each group of uncertainty sets, we find deterministic reformulations of the distributionally robust geometric programs with individual or joint chance constraints. Convexity, solution methods, and relationships of the reformulation programs are discussed. Finally, numerical tests are carried out on a shape optimization problem.


Although the output of creative products provides a valid measure of individual differences in creativity, this criterion assumes that judgments of a product's creativity have long-term stability. This assumption was tested with a sample of 496 operas by 55 composers whose work spanned 332 years (1607-1938). In addition to examining the functional relation between initial reception and current acclaim, the investigation determined whether the interperiod consensus exhibited transhistorical stability, exponential decay, gradual attrition, or fashion cycles. Reception by contemporaries was assessed by 2 measures, whereas current status was gauged by 7 alternative assessments. Current aesthetic success was consistently found to vary as a positive monotonic function of initial reception, but the relationship changed over time in a cyclical manner. The results have important implications for the study of creativity in both historical and modern populations.


Broadly distributed reef fishes tend to have high gene flow mediated by a pelagic larval phase. Here, we survey a reef‐associated fish distributed across half the tropical oceans, from the Red Sea to the central Pacific. Our goal is to determine whether genetic structure of the broadly distributed Yellowstripe Goatfish (Mulloidichthys flavolineatus) is defined by biogeographical barriers, or facilitated via larval dispersal.


Constructions of networks with the private IP addresses, i.e., private networks, become very popular. In general, private addresses may overlap each other. When we manage network equipment in private networks by a remote network manager using network management protocols, each private network requires its own network manager because the manager can not be shared by overlapping private networks. This leads to problems of cost and inefficiency. In this paper, we discuss an efficient method for network management of private networks using the concept of IP address translations. In this method, a new mechanism will be proposed, in which, the globally unique address mapping of SNMP data in address translation will be guaranteed. We will also discuss a trial implementation of the proposed method. By evaluation of network management system models, we will show that the proposed method is effective to reduce the cost and space of equipment in case of a large system including many private networks.


The charging of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) imposes an additional burden on the utility grid, particularly during the (day) peak hours. This burden is normally controlled by shifting PEV charging to the grid off-peak hours. This shifting not only reduces the autonomy of anytime charging but also creates the uncertainty about the charging price every hour. To mitigate this problem, this paper proposes an energy management scheme (EMS) for the charging station that combines the photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage unit (ESU) with the grid. The models for PV power, ESU, PEV demand and grid electricity price are developed as the components of EMS. The scheme is capable of providing interruption-less charging during day-time. Moreover, the EMS has the capability to charge PEV with constant per unit price at and below the level of solar grid parity. The additional feature of EMS is that it can fulfill charging demand of each PEV within one hour at a lower price than standard grid (SG) charging while reducing the extra burden on the grid. The idea to reduce the economic loss of charging station due to cheaper and constant price charging is the involvement of valley-filling operation by both ESU and PEV along with selling the surplus PV energy to the grid. The EMS algorithm comprises of rule-based strategies. To determine the effectiveness of the scheme, numerous charging scenarios are simulated using Matlab. The initial results indicate that the charging through proposed scheme is much cheaper than the charging by conventional SG scheme. Moreover, it has shown to reduce the considerable amount of EV charging burden from the grid. It is envisaged that this is the first effort to propose constant price PEV charging and it will provide an exciting prospect in the field of PEV charging using renewable energy sources.


In the present paper by the use of the Monte Carlo method, an optimal selection of components for a hydraulic excavator swinging mechanism has been made. Three objective functions are defined – the total mass of the components "hydraulic motor", "gearbox", "slewing bearing" and "small sprocket", as well as the product of the total price and the total mass and the price of the same components. By computation of the objective function for multiple random combinations of the components and subsequent ranking of the objective function values, an optimal combination of the components is selected. A major advantage of the method is that it is suitable for computer realization and the number of required calculations is relatively small. Another advantage is that by the objective function value rankings close to the optimal additional combinations are obtained, which significantly extends the design possibilities. .


The conventional transient stability measure of power system robustness to withstand large disturbances is usually named critical clearing time (CCT). The CCT evaluation involves elaborate computations that often include time-consuming solutions of nonlinear on-fault system equations. Among several approaches that have been proposed in the literature to meet very stringent needs of transient stability analysis, recent works suggest that artificial neural networks (ANNs) may be particularly appropriate. In this work, we propose the use of a radial basis function network (RBFN) for estimating the CCT of single faults in power systems. The proposed method has been applied for online transient stability analysis of a small power system (45 buses, 72 lines and/or transformers, and 10 generators). For RBFNs training purposes, we used 19 contingencies with 800 stability scenarios each. For verifying the RBFNs global performance, it was analysed the RBFN sensitivity with respect to the neuron numbers in hidden layer (25, 50, 75, and 100 neurons) for a set of 100 test cases. The numerical results provide a very good global performance index (mean relative error lesser than 3.65%).


The improvement of economic and social conditions in rural areas has long been a special goal in our nation's history. Rural development is a broad-scale effort encompassing the many dimensions or conditions which determine the quality of life, such as access to public services and facilities, economic development, and the protection or enhancement of natural and environmental resources. As suggested by this diversity of programs, numerous government agencies and academic disciplines are involved in the process of rural development.


"Three-basic"means basic theory,basic technology and basic knowledge,which is the most basic skill medical workers must mastered.It is an important content of continuous education.It is proved in practice that three-basic skill competition is an effective measure and available supplement of continuous education,promoting development of continuous education in hospital.


VOL. 7 NO. 2 FEBRUARY 2005 102 Ten years have passed since the last version of the American Heart Association (AHA) blood pressure (BP) measurement recommendations,1 during which time there have been major changes in the ways in which BP is measured in clinical practice and research; hence this document represents a major revision of previous versions.2 BP determination continues to be one of the most important measurements in clinical medicine, and still one of the most inaccurately performed. The gold standard for clinical BP measurement has always been readings taken by a trained health care provider using a mercury sphygmomanometer and the Korotkoff sound technique. There is increasing evidence, however, that this procedure may lead to the misclassification of large numbers of individuals as hypertensive, and fail to diagnose other individuals whose BP may be normal in the clinic setting but elevated at other times. There are three reasons for this: 1) inaccuracies in the methods, some of which are avoidable; 2) the inherent variability of BP; and 3) the tendency for BP to increase in the presence of a physician (the so-called "white coat effect"). Numerous surveys have shown that physicians and other health care providers rarely follow established guidelines for BP measurement, but when they do, the readings they get correlate more closely with more objective measures of BP than the usual clinic readings. It is generally agreed that conventional clinic readings, when made correctly, are a surrogate marker for a patient's true BP, which is conceived as the average level over prolonged periods of time, and which is thought to be the most important component of BP in determining its adverse effects. Usual clinic readings give a poor estimate of this, not only because of poor technique, but also because they typically consist only of one or two individual measurements, and the beat-to-beat BP variability is such that a small number of readings may only give a crude estimate of the average level. The recognition of these limitations of traditional clinic readings has led to two parallel developments: first, increasing use of measurements out of the clinic, Recommendations for Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans: An AHA Scientific Statement from the Council on High Blood Pressure Research Professional and Public Education Subcommittee


During past two decades, most industrial and service environments have been drawn to a variety of new and sometimes radical changes in order to improve the quality of product and services. The role of quality in every aspect of the product's life cycle has been accelerated due to the unprecedented rate of technological advances in computers and sensors. The speeds of data acquisition and the ability to use a wide range of sensors to collect information have rendered sampling obsolete as a method for monitoring product quality in many environments. These advances have resulted in practically instantaneous feedback and adjustment of process parameters in order to ensure that the product quality is within target values. These technological advances coupled with new approaches of quality engineering present significant opportunities for dramatic improvements of product and service quality. This special issue has been an exciting opportunity. From the conception, the special issue of the IIE Transactions was devoted to the emerging trends in quality engineering that focus on linking technological advances with new methodologies for process monitoring and control. This has been accomplished not to the credit of one individual but to the credit of research professionals from around the world. In this issue, seven .creative and thought-provoking articles are included. Topically, they range from tolerancing to preventive maintenance to enhanced SPC applications and approaches to the integration of SPC and 'APC. Cassady, Bowden, Liew and Pohl propose a creative combination of preventive maintenance and SPC. In this work, an chart is used in conjunction with an age-replacement preventive maintenance policy to achieve a decrease in operating costs when compared to using either the SPC approach or preventive maintenance policy alone. This analysis is based upon a simulation-optimization approach. Clearly the synergy of these effective programs, if properly integrated, will increase productivity to new and previously unrealized levels. Del Castillo's.research provides an interest& development of a PI controller that is self-adjusting to minimize the variance of the on-line output measurements from a closed loop process. The underlying process is assumed to be a first order process and that no prior: process information is known before starting the controller. The definitive results show that the proposed contro,ller' converges rapidly to the desired configuration without sacrificing performance during the transied nhalie. Gerth and Pfeifer present d new method of determining critical and non-critical features early in the design phase when cost information is uncertain. This approach, called cost tolerance sensitivity analysis, utilizes minimumcost tolerance methods combined with designed experiments to determine the features overly sensitive to uncertainties in cost estimates. This work represents an initial effort to bring tolerance information early into the design phase, which is obviously a critical quality assurance concern. The integration of APC and SPC is a much-debated topic of concern and research. Jiang and Tsui provide an enlightening economic model for the integration of APC and SPC control charts. In particular, they develop an economic model for SPC monitoring of an automatically controlled process. Average quality costs and ARLs are used to evaluate the performance of some common SPC charting methods. Reynolds and Stoumbos establish a generalized approach to monitoring a proportion with CUSUM charts. Two formulations of the chart are considered: binomial variables and Bernoulli observations. It is important to note that the generalized model for sampling does not assume anything about the time of change in the underlying percent defective, p. That is, a change in p can occur anywhere within an inspection period or a noninspection period. Using the model, they show that there is little difference between the binomial CUSUM chart and the Bernoulli CUSUM chart for moderate shifts in p, but as larger shifts are encountered, the Bernoulli CUSUM chart provides better process disturbance detection. Practically, it is shown that the CUSUM out performs the p-chart for detecting large shifts in p.


This paper explores the relationship between tense/mood and semantic interpretation of if conditionals clauses in European Contemporary Portuguese. The data that we collected and analysed show that the correlation between tense/mood and conditionals interpretation is not necessarily biunivocal/simple: (i) there are formally subjunctive conditionals, which may convey factuality and (ii) indicative tenses and imperfect subjunctive, which may be ambiguous and compatible with three semantic classes of conditionals (factual, hypothetical and counterfactual).


Wilt and pokkahboeng (PB) caused by Fusarium sacchari and F. verticilloides in sugarcane are considered to be minor diseases at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu State, south India. However, during the 2009-10 season sudden outbreaks of these diseases appeared in National Hybridization Garden (NHG) where 608 sugarcane hybrid clones were maintained to perform hybridization. Detailed investigations were carried out on the associated pathogens, disease epidemiology, disease resistance in the clones and their management. During 5-6 months stage, initial symptoms of PB were noticed and gradually PB severity increased from chronic to acute phase along with top rot symptoms. As the days progressed affected canes exhibited wilting along with or without top rot symptoms. When the disease severity increased from resistant to susceptible, the affected clones exhibited combined infections of PB and wilt symptoms. Among the different phenotypes of PB and wilt in the clones, top rot and wilt caused more damage in the clones. However, some of the clones exhibited severe wilt alone with more crop loss and severe wilting, causing extensive damage to some of the established varieties and parents. Fusaria isolated from the affected tissues were found to be pathogenic in artificial testing. The parental clones in the NHG exhibited a clear variation in their resistance to PB, top rot and wilt. The clones originating from the subtropical region, except those from Uchani , were found to have more number resistant types as compared to those from the tropical states. Although the disease situation was precarious, it was successfully managed by an integrated approach involving chemicals and biocontrol agents in the subsequent seasons. Further studies are in progress to characterize the associated pathogens and their interrelationship in causing PB, top rot and wilt diseases in sugarcane.


This article examines the policy tool of a registry of civil society organizations in a regulatory transparency framework. A registry serves as a government 'mapping' tool by collecting data on civil society and nonprofit organizations. Do government efforts to map the third sector hinder or foster nonprofit organizations' capacity and their coordination? The balance between regulation and the strengthening of nonprofit organizations' capacity and the coordination of goods and services through government innovations like the registries—i.e., third sector mappings—might indeed have the potential to foster a more effective and efficient third sector.


The invention offers the safety and high-temperature storability is excellent lithium secondary battery relates to a lithium secondary battery is reversible intercalation / de-intercalation the possible positive and negative electrodes of the lithium, and an electrolyte, wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode It is active; A water-soluble polymer binder; And containing a water-soluble thickening agents, and the electrolyte comprises an ester compound and two or more lithium salt having a non-aqueous organic solvent, electron withdrawing group containing a lactone compound having a cyclic carbonate and an alkyl substituent and at least one of the lithium salt lithium borate is a tetra fluoro. Lactone, the lactone of gamma ballet, gamma-caprolactone, the high temperature storability and safety


The essay on "Some Categories of Interpretive Sociology" is Max Weber's first systematic statement of his own sociology. Weber had written earlier as an economist and as a methodologist of the social sciences. But in this essay, he sets forth the method and indicates the scope of his interpretive sociology. He delineates the boundaries between it and two neighboring disciplines (psychology and law) and defines some basic concepts or categories of social action. The essay first appeared in 1913 in Logos, an interdisciplinary journal of which Weber was an editor.


Incorporation of renewable energy resources in Distributed Generation (DISGEN) is a noble idea now-a-days. Here, an analysis of DISGEN applicability with nonconventional/renewable type distributed energy resources (DISTERs) has been made. Optimized operational strategies along with optimalized installable DISTERs capacities have been determined for having the minimum energy price through a comparative economical study. Schematic of protection corresponding to the power network of Sonarpur TRS/EMU railways car-shed, Eastern Railways, India through single line diagram (SLD) has also been proposed. A novel optimizing technique namely, Group search optimization (GRSO) has been used for solving this optimizing task incorporating constraints in MATLAB.


In this work, the structures of crystalline phases formed from the amorphous Co 80 B 20 alloy under pressures from ambinent pressure to 770 kbar has been investigated. The results obtained are compared with those on amorphous Fe-B alloys.


GREEN, FRANCIS P., and SCHNEIDER, FRANK W. Age Differences, in the Behavior of Boys on Three Measures of Altruism. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1974, 45, 248-251. 4 age groups of boys (5-6, 7-8, 9-10, and 13-14 years) were given 3 opportunities to display altruistic behaviorsharing candy with peers, helping the E pick up items he dropped, and volunteering to work for needy children. Sharing increased steadily with age. Helping increased until ages 9-10 and 13-14, at which virtually all Ss helped. Volunteering to work, however, showed no relationship with age.


For the task planning problem of the command and control architecture, the existing algorithms have problems such as low efficiency and poor re-planning quality under abnormal conditions. Based on the requirements of the current accusation architecture, this paper constructs a distributed command and control architecture model based on multi-agents, which makes use of the superiority of multi-agents in dealing with complex tasks. The concept of MultiAgents-HTN is proposed under the framework. The original hierarchical task network planning algorithm is optimized, the multi-agent collaboration framework is redefined, and the coordination mechanism of local conflict is designed. Taking the classical resource scheduling problem as the experimental background, the comparison between the proposed algorithm and the classical HTN algorithm is carried out. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has higher quality and higher efficiency than the existing algorithm, and the space anomaly is heavy during processing. The planning is more efficient, and the time is more complicated and superior in dealing with the same problem, with good convergence and adaptability. The conclusion proves that the distributed command and control architecture proposed in this paper has high practicability in related fields and can solve the problem of distributed command and control architecture in multi-agent environment.


Motor vehicle and accommodation allowances may be exempt from payroll tax if the allowance doesn't exceed the exempt component or rate.


Abstract It is predicted that grey spatial solitons can exist in biased photorefractive polymer. The functional relationships of the transverse velocity, spatial width and phase profile of these grey solitons with their normalized intensity and degree of 'greyness' are obtained. The polarization properties of these grey solitons are discussed. The intensity full width at half maximum of these grey solitons is found to be inversely proportional to the absolute value of the external bias field.


With a traditional approach to treatment of hypoxemic respiratory failure, it is believed that SpO2 reduction below 88-90% during oxygen therapy requires emergency care including invasive mechanical ventilation. However, the manifestations of hypoxemic respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients have certain features that have led to the change in the traditional respiratory support procedure. The therapeutic goals of respiratory support in this category of patients require clarification.The objective: in patients with COVID-19, to study the relationship of transcutaneous saturation values with clinical indicators that characterize ARF, the state of acid-base balance and blood gas composition.Subjects and methods. A multicenter prospective observational study included 90 COVID-19 patients treated in ICU whose transcutaneous saturation (SpO2) values were below 93% despite treatment. Depending on the degree of impaired oxygenation, patients underwent oxygen therapy through a mask or nasal cannula, high-flow oxygenation or non-invasive ventilation, while it was not always possible to achieve the target values of oxygenation parameters. The patients were divided into the following groups: Group 1 ‒ SpO2 above 93%, Group 2 ‒ SpO2 within 93–90%, Group 3 ‒ SpO2 within 85–89%, Group 4‒ SpO2 within 80–84%, Group 5 ‒ SpO2 within 75–79%, and Group 6 – below 75%.Results. It was revealed that during ARF management by noninvasive methods, different values of transcutaneous saturation and corresponding changes in the acid-base balance (ABB) and blood gas composition were determined When transcutaneous saturation (SpO2) decreased to 85%, there was a corresponding moderate decrease in PaO2 while no metabolic changes occurred. As a rule, there were no obvious clinical signs of respiratory failure (silent hypoxia). In patients with SpO2 reduction down 80–85%, clinical signs of respiratory failure (dyspnea, tachypnea, agitation) and, as a rule, a moderate increase in PаCO2 with the development of respiratory acidosis and compensatory metabolic alkalosis were noted. When SpO2 decreased down to 75–79%, arterial hypoxemia was usually accompanied by moderate hypercapnia and the development of decompensated mixed acidosis and venous desaturation as well as increased lactate levels. With transcutaneous saturation going below 74%, these changes were even more pronounced and were observed in all patients of this group.Conclusion. The revealed changes are mostly consistent with generally accepted ideas about the relationship between values of transcutaneous saturation and blood gas composition and parameters of blood ABB in the case of ARF. Reduction of transcutaneous saturation down to 85% not accompanied by pronounced clinical signs of respiratory failure (dyspnea, tachypnea, agitation), development of acidosis and venous desaturation, and the elevated lactate level can be regarded as relatively safe.


Objective To explore the CT features of Kartagener' s Syndrome. Methods Six patients with Kartagener' s syndrome (male 3cases,female 3cases,aging from 12- 50 years old .average 20 years old)were examined by thoracic conventioal CT scan and high resolution CT (HRCT)at the same time. Accessory sinusal axial CT and coronal CT scan were respectvely done. All CT findings were retrospectively analyzed.Results CT images of all patients with Kartagener' s Syndrome showed visceral inversion of thoracic and abdominal organs. Cylindrical bronchiectasis were seen in all patients and one of them was accompanied with saccularbronchiectasis and lung atelectasis. Maxillary sinusitis were found in all 6 cases^ cases of them were accompanied with ethmoid sinusitis.Conclusion Kartagener s syndrome is a rare disease.lt has the characteristic CT features such as visceral inversion, Bronchiectasis and accessory sinusitis.


Tables and Figures Preface Joy Reid Theory and Practice Chapter 1 An Introduction to Multiple Intelligence Theory and Second Language Learning Mary Ann Christison, SnowCollege Chapter 2 Teachers as Perceptual Learning Styles Researchers Joy Reid, Universityof Wyoming Chapter 3 The Triune Brain and Learning:Practice Insight for the Classroom Emma Violand-Sanchez, Arlington(Virginia) Public Schools Chapter 4 Learning Style Diversity and the Reading Class: Curriculum Design and Assessment Marian Tyacke, Universityof Toronto Chapter 5 Computers and Collaboration: Adapting CALL Materials to Different Learning Styles Ken Keobke, CityUniversityof Hong Kong Chapter 6 Learning Styles and Strategies of a Partially Bilingual Student Diagnosed as Learning Disabled: A Case Study Rebecca Oxford, Universityof Alabama Christine Nam, Teachers College, ColumbiaUniversity Chapter 7 Filed Independence, Field Dependence, and Field Sensitivity in Another Light Madeline E. Ehrmam, Foreign Service Institute, Arlington, Virginia Practice and Theory Chapter 8 "Keep the Fire in Me": Teaching Advanced ESL Learners Through Their Learning Styles Prem Ramburuth, Universityof New South Wales Chapter 9 Bridging the Gap Between Teaching Styles and Learning Styles Maria Hsueh-yu Cheng, ChineseMilitaryAcademy, R.O.C. Kingsley Banya, FloridaInternationalUniversity Chapter 10 Designing ESL Classroom Collaboration to Accommodate Diverse Work Styles Kate Kinsella, San FranciscoStateUniversity Kathy Sherak, San FranciscoStateUniversity Chapter 11 Developing a Survey for Multiple Intelligences: A Collaborative ESL Class Project Chris Sauer, Divine World College Chapter 12 Teaching Modals to Multistyle Learners Barbara Harthill, University of Denver Connie Busch, University of Denver Chapter 13 Transforming Text Through Graphic Responses Roberta Vann, Iowa State University Chapter 14 Adult Learning Styles and Individual Writing Processes in the ESL/EFL Composition Classroom Kristina Torkelson Gray, Northern Virginia Community College Chapter 15 Expanding the Learning Styles of Japanese Analytic Learners Jerry Call, Divine State College Chapter 16 Encouraging Learner Independence David Nunan, The English Centre, The University of Hong Kong Appendices Appendix 1 Multiple Intelligence Inventory for Teachers Mary Ann Christison Appendix 2 Student-Generated Inventory for Secondary and Young Adult Learners Mary Ann Christison Appendix 3 Perceptual Learning Style Preference Survey Joy Reid Appendix 4 The Tyacke Profile Marian Tyacke Appendix 5 Motivation and Strategies Questionnaire Madeline E. Ehrman Appendix 6 Academic Work Style Survey Kate Kinsella Appendix 7 Instructor Self-Assesment Form: Group Work Design and Implementation Kate Kinsella Appendix 8 Style Analysis Survey (SAS): Assessing Your Own Learning and Working Styles Rebecca L. Oxford Contributors References


The organization andfunctional design ofa parallel radix-4 fast Fourier transform (FFT)computerforreal-time signal processing ofwide-band signals isintroduced. Several machineoriented FFT algorithms obtained byfactoring thediscrete Fourier transform (DFT)toan arbitrary radix andwhich arewellsuited fortheorganization ofparallel wired-in processers areconsidered. Thisclass ofmachine oriented algorithms isdistin- guished bythefactthatityields machine implementations ranging fromfully hard-wired serial sequential processorstopartially wired-in cascade processorswith no feedback andwith a level ofparallelism thatisproportional totheradix ofimplementation. Moreover, this class ofalgorithms canyield thecomputed Fourier coefficients ina properly ascending order without theneedforpre-orpostordering ofdata. Theorganization ofa systemfordigital-spectral andtime-series analysis implementing a high-speed algorithm isthenoutlined. Itis shownthatdoubling theprocessing speedbysimultaneous process- ingoftworeal-valued timeseries insuchparallel wired-in computers ispossible. Systemconsiderations forreducing roundoff errorsand forperforming other processesbasedon theFourier transform are discussed. Theorganization anddesign ofa radix-4 256-word synchronous sequential FFT signal processorwhichhasbeenconstructed and whichperforms real-time processing ofsignals sampled ata rateof up to1.6million samples/s isdescribed. Outlined are thebasic concepts whichhavebeendeveloped andusedtominimize logic circuitry inthedifferent units ofthemachine. Oscilloscope displays showing thewholesequenceofcomputations involved inreal-time Fourier transformation ata sampling frequency of1.6MHz are, included. TheFFTof256complex samples iscomputed in160ss. Finally, configurations ofsystemsforsignal processing using other lineartransforms ofgeneralized spectral analysis are de- scribed. IndexTerms-Computer architecture, convolution, correlation, digital filtering, digital processing ofsignals, fast Fourier transform (FFT),special-purpose computer,spectral analysis, time-series analysis.


In the management of isolated locoregional failure after (chemo)radiation therapy for anal epidermoid cancer, salvage abdominoperineal resection (APR) is the treatment of choice. The results of a 15‐year consecutive population‐based series are reviewed.


The dish-Stirling solar energy system, because of its high efficiency, is a leading candidate for producing low-cost electric power from the sun. Dish-Stirling receiver design involves dealing with non-uniform and highly concentrated solar flux at high temperatures (700 - 800/spl deg/C) and, therefore, presents a variety of technical challenges. The technology is in the process of evolving from directly illuminated heater-head "tube receivers" to receivers that use refluxing (i.e., gravity assisted) liquid metals as an intermediate heat transfer fluid. Modern dish-Stirling development was initiated in the late 1970s by the et Propulsion Laboratory for the Department of Energy. The JPL technology development with United Stirling, Inc. involved the USAB 4-95 Stirling engine and directly illuminated heater-head tube receivers. This work eventually led to the successful demonstrations and world record efficiencies by Advanco Corp. and to the attempted commercialization of the technology by McDonnell Douglas Corp. The severe nature of concentrated solar flux and the potential advantages of heat-pipe technology have caused an evolution toward 'reflux' receivers. These receivers are just beginning to be tested in the laboratory and integratea;@rith dish-Stirling systems. In this paper, the history and current status of dish-Stirling receiver development are presented and discussed. The technical challenges to be addressed by the dish-Stirling community and the future plans at Sandia are outlined.


Data are crucial to improve decision-making and obtain greater benefits in any type of activity. However, the large amount of information generated by new technologies has made data analysis and knowledge generation a complex task. Numerous tools have emerged to facilitate this generation of knowledge, such as dashboards. Although dashboards are useful tools, their effectiveness can be affected by poor design or by not taking into account the context in which they are placed. Therefore, it is necessary to design and create custom dashboards according to the audience and data domain. This paper presents an application of the software product line paradigm and the integration of this approach into a web service to allow users to request source code for customized information dashboards. The main goal is to introduce the idea of creating a holistic ecosystem of different services to craft and integrate information visualizations in a variety of contexts. One of the contexts that can be especially favored by this approach is the educational context, where learning analytics, data analysis of student performance, and didactic tools are becoming very relevant. Three different use cases of this approach are presented to illustrate the benefits of the developed generative service.


This is an English translation of "The Resolvent Problem" by Tschebotarow/Chebotarev. In this article, Chebotarev summarizes the history of the resolvent problem from compass and ruler constructions to Klein and Hilbert' formlutions of the problems. He also describes his work on the problem up until that time. The ideas of resolvent degree and essential dimension arose out of the resolvent problems Chebotarev describes here.


1. Introduction.- 2. Introduction to Electronic States in Oxides and an Overview of Transport Properties.- 3. Theories for Many-Electron Systems with Strong Electron-Phonon and Interelectron Coulombic Interactions.- 4. Electron-Electron Interaction and Electron Correlation.- 5. Representative Conducting Oxides.- References.


The academic study of religion emphasises the accurate description and naming of religious phenomena. Using precise and unambiguous labels has been particularly encouraged. However, the study of Christianity in Africa has, over the years, used a vanity of terms for African Independent Churches (AICs). This article surveys the dominant labels and analyses the methodological difficulties that emerge from adopting some of them. The essay maintains that utilising insights from the history of religions may mitigate some of the terminological difficulties that characterise the study of Christianity in Africa.


This paper summarizes the lessons learned from research projects where we have developed information systems for 1) environmental monitoring, 2) mitigating risk of natural hazards and 3) management of water resources. We present the research and development needs identified for development of these information systems, and how these needs should be met in future work


Design of products permits to yield goods and servi c s to produce satisfaction on customers, which is measured as value. However, it is at this stage in which most of the environmental impact, from a lifecycle perspective, is added to t he product. Eco-design aims at increasing value of products while reducing the burdens on the environment by means conscious design towards efficient use of resources. That efficiency , referred to as eco-efficiency, can be increased in a number of manners within environment al engineering. Traditionally, different fields have tackled materials, energy flows and pro ducts from different angles or approaches. In this thesis we describe Functional Sales (FS) and I ndustrial Ecology (IE) as examples of these. Within this latter, we put emphasis on Industrial S ymbiosis (IS) and Eco-effectiveness. We consider these approaches are suitable to work in t he framework of eco-design to increase ecoefficiency. By adding services to material products , and managing material and energy flows with a more ecological consciousness, we expect to increase value of products while reducing the impact on the environment. To analyse this potential improvement, we developed a method involving a new eco-efficiency index (VERI), that recursively intends to ease deci sions on possible eco-efficient alternatives. This index and its method are applied to a case stu dy on management of olive oil supply in region of Murcia, Spain. Here, we propose three sce narios that will involve the implementation of FS and IE to compare the outcomes in value and e nvironmental performance against an idealised current supply chain. The results obtaine d, although not accurate, suggest that FS and EI should be more taken into account in eco-design and, this latter, to also consider holistic viewpoints to find more eco-efficient alternatives for a product development.


This study used an online Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) to assess individual employee health and eight additional statements to assess the worksite health "culture" of Eastern Michigan University. It was hypothesized there will be a relationship between EMU employees' levels of self-reported health risk and their perceptions of supportiveness of the worksite environment and health culture. The results indicated the relationship between health risks of participants and perception of supportiveness of the worksite culture was not significant (p >.05). Of the employees that participated, the top three risk factors identified were body weight (20%), stress (14%), and blood pressure (10%). The tenets of the PEN-3 model were used to identify points of entry for possible future health promotion programming. It was found that 54% of participants were willing to participate in programs to enhance overall health. Further assessment using a larger sample size is needed to enhance understanding of the relationship. HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF A UNIVERSITY WORKSITE v


Objective: There is increased need for identifying the early stages of AD to help facilitate emerging treatment. There is a question as to whether Free versus Cued Recall paradigms are more effective in early diagnosis of AD. The Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales of Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L) is a novel list-learning test that assesses free versus cued recall in detecting subtle changes in cognition. Method: Eighty-six older adults (71% female) with a mean age of 75.5 (SD = 7.5 years) were studied. Twenty-nine participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 57 cognitively normal (CN) controls were administered the LASSI-L. Participants were presented with List A (15 semantically-related words: fruits, musical instruments, and clothing), followed by free and cued recall trials of the same wordlist. Following pre-sentation of List B (a content-equivalent wordlist), a second learning trial of List A was presented, and cued recall was assessed again. Results: Free and cued recall measures of maximum storage, and vulnerability to PSI and recovery from PSI, were entered into stepwise logistic regression models. Results indicated a combination of Cued B1 (p < .005) [vulnerable to PSI] and Cued A1 (p < .005) [tapping initial learning effects] were most predictive of separating aMCI from CN groups. Using area under ROC curve, sensitivity was 62%, and speci fi city yielded an overall correct classi fi cation rate of 82.6%. Conclusion: When using a controlled learning paradigm with semantic retrieval cues, free differentiating have signi fi cant implications for future


Recent literature shows that momentum strategies exhibit significant downside risks over certain periods, or called "momentum crashes." We find that the high uncertainty of momentum strategies is sourced from the cross-sectional volatility of individual stocks. Stocks with high realised volatility over the formation period tend to lose momentum effect, while stocks with low realised volatility show strong momentum. A new approach, generalised risk-adjusted momentum (GRJMOM), is introduced to mitigate the negative impact of high momentum risks. GRJMOM is proven to be more profitable and less risky than the existing momentum ranking approaches in multiple asset classes, including the UK stock, commodity, global equity index, and fixed income markets.


The proximity pulse Doppler radar (PPDR) possesses high-range resolution and has been widely used in short-range detection. Unfortunately, the detection performance is seriously deteriorated by interference. Therefore, a dynamic interference suppression method (DISM) based on a game model is proposed. In the DISM, three interference suppression strategies are proposed for different interference strategies. The first strategy is the deceptive interference suppression strategy via the identity recognition of the PPDR. The second is a barrage interference suppression strategy, which is realized via the recognition of the time-frequency joint features of the target and interference. The last strategy is to combine the previous two strategies. For optimal interference suppression performance, the DISM will dynamically choose an interference suppression strategy according to their payoffs, which effectively enables the PPDR to maintain the dominant position in the game with the interference source. The efficiency of the DISM at different interference and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios is proved by comparison with other methods.


Recent measurements of magnetic losses in a 3% Si‐Fe single crystal sheet ((100) [001] orientation) with a slab‐like domain structure have shown that the losses measured in the two 〈100〉 directions in the plane of the sheet are quite different. Using the Kerr magneto‐optical effect and high‐speed photography, the dynamic domain structures were observed. In the "hard" direction of magnetization, (magnetization in a 〈100〉 direction normal to the static domain walls) 90 degree domain walls are nucleated and annihilated each half cycle. The magnetic losses for magnetization in this direction were calculated by using a domain model for losses and considering the movement of 90 and 180 degree walls. A relationship between the losses in the hard direction and the "easy" direction (magnetization in a 〈100〉 direction parallel to the static domain walls) is found and is consistent with the previous experimental data.


Using Sephadex Gel Chromatography, the resolution of the proteins in cow milk based infant formulas was 6-8 peaks, whereas, only 4 peaks were obtained from the human milk. The significance of these findings with regards to the nutrition of infants is discussed. In addition, sephadex Gel chromatography was inadequate in separating the various eluted proteins suggesting that further separation using ion-exchange chromatography and others may be useful.


For rush repairing of damaging engineering at wartime,a mobile-total powerstation observing system was proposed to observe damaging range,crater position,diameter and depth,then to demarcate map immediately,and calculate damaging area and rush repairing volume using CASS digtal mapping software accurately,finally to provide technical data for confirmation of minimum repairing volume and choice of optimum repairing scheme.Starting at the function design of rapid observing system,this paper introduced the composition of observing system,the rapid locating technology and gathering method of damage data,the confirmation of crater outline boundary,and the calcualtion volume of rush repairing.The feasibility and the advance of the method were proved by practical test of simulated crater.


ABSTRACT: The following review-article deals with three publications that have been
 released in recent years, all of which can be read in the context of memory studies
 through the mention of memory in their titles. It is evident that memory studies has
 become a field of research that ranges from the humanities to the social sciences
 to the natural sciences, with the only common denominator being the object of study
 of memory. But what memory is, how memory is constituted, or how it can be analyzed
 or even made measurable is where the publications discussed differ strikingly. The
 aim of this review is therefore not to place the three publications in a singular
 context but rather, by discussing their differences, to show how diverse memory studies
 is as a field and to present what the breadth of different approaches that look beyond
 one's own disciplinary boundaries can offer regarding the future engagement with memory
 in Scandinavian studies and especially in Scandinavian medieval studies.


This note extends the Dixit-Pindyck analysis of investment, in the form of market entry and exit under sunk costs, to the case of heterogeneous sunk costs. The implication is that the market displays full hysteresis, in the form of remanence and dependence on the nondominated extremum values of the aggregate shocks experienced. These implications are illustrated by numerical simulations.


The concept of lahn which was used in the early periods as taking the word in a different direction started to be used for expressions contrary to i'rab However, in the examples given in the hadith sources, it is seen that the concept of lahn is used for expressions contrary to i'rab, it is also used to cover grammatical errors in a general sense. The lahn which became widespread with the Arabs starting tol ive together with people from different ethnic origins, usually stems from not knowing Arabic and tasheef. Although muhaddithun accepted the absence of lahn in the narratör as an issue that strengthens the narrator's dhabt, they ruled that the presence of lahn does not harm the narrator's justice. For this reason, narrators who are known to make grammatical errors are also accepted as thiqa (reliable). It does not seem appropriate to claim that the narration assumed to be lahn is weak or fabricated fort his reason alone, since different uses arising from dialect differecens are not considered lahn and grammatical defects allegedely occuring as i'rab errors can be interpreted differently. Because, it has been seen that there are other reasons why the narrations with grammatical errors are considered weak. The use of hypothetical examples by those who argue that the words cannot be trusted in the event that there is a situation in the hadith that violates the meaning also supports our opinion.


Generating new motion parallax holograms is required for holographic head-mounted displays when the head moves. Additionally, it is required for hologram generation from light field data that consist of a number of motion parallax images. However, re-rendering three-dimensional (3D) scenes and re-calculating holograms are computationally complex. Therefore, we propose a generation strategy of holograms with different motion parallax from an existing hologram without re-rendering 3D scenes and re-calculating holograms. The proposed method employs Fourier band-pass filtering and the simple relation of trigonometric functions, which makes it capable of skipping the computationally complex processes.


Objective To observe the clinical effects of Quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder, and to summarize its clinical application value. Methods Fifty eight patients with bipolar disorder from July 2009 to July 2011 in our hospital were chosen and randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 29 cases in each group. The observation group was taken the treatment of Quetiapine, the control group was taken the treatment of Quetiapine combined with Lithium Carbonate. The treatment effects between the two groups were compared. Results In the observation group, there were 15 cases of excellent, 10 cases of effective, 4 cases of invalid, 1 case of adverse reactions, and the total effective rate was 86.2%; in the control group there were 15 cases of excellent, 11 cases of effective, 3 cases of invalid, 6 case of adverse reactions, and the total effective rate was 89.7%, there were no significant differences of the effects between the two groups (P 0.05). There were statistically significant differences of the BRMS scores of the two groups in 2nd, 4th, 6th weekend after treatment and before treatment (P 0.05), while there were no significant differences between the two groups (P 0.05). Conclusion The clinical effects of Quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder are similar to that of Quetiapine combined with Lithium Carbonate, both can effectively control the patient's clinical symptoms, but Quetiapine has less adverse drug reactions, which is more secure and reliable, and worthy of clinical reasonable promotion.


The great success of graphene has spurred huge interest in two-dimensional honeycomb lattices of post-carbon group-14 atoms, namely, Xenes. However, the synthesis of Xenes on supporting substrates ...


This paper deals with the design of output-tracking controllers for a class of switched continuous-time Takagi-Sugeno systems subject to external disturbances. Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) conditions are proposed for the design of switched non-Parallel Distributed Compensation (non-PDC) controllers to satisfy robust H∞ output-tracking performances. These have been obtained by considering a switched fuzzy Lyapunov-like function candidate and a descriptor redundancy formulation. Then, relaxed LMI-based conditions are proposed by applying the Peaucelle's matrix transformation. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


a job success,work methods innovation plays a key role.In our teaching practice,the only constant innovation teaching methods,teaching students according to their aptitude,namely,teachers can continuously improve teaching skill,students can learn with achievement.Vocational and technical college,the place is to cultivate specialized talents with occupational features very clear.Therefore,I in developing vocational teaching process,to the traditional teaching method,introducing new project teaching method to the daily accounting teaching process.The practice shows that this method can not only enhance students to master the knowledge and skills,improve tricks to analyze and solve the question ability,and still can fully excavate students' learning potential,is advantageous to the cultivation of students' critical ability.


The mechanical properties and corrosion performances of the ZL101 alloy modified by the composite master alloy were investigated. The results showed that the master alloy had not only obvious effect of grain refinement, but also a significant role in refining dendrite grain of ZL101 alloy. The grain size decreased dramatically from 150μm to 62μm when the addition of composite master alloy is up to 0.5%(mass fraction) and the temperature is 720 for 30 minutes,. Its tensile strength and elongation increased by 27% and 42% respectively. The grain refinement of ZL101 alloy decreased its corrosion performance. The morphology of Si changed into globular from needle modified by NaF, instead of AlTiB.


Abstract A new synthetic route to the reduced calcium titanate CaTi 2 O 4 has been discovered. Single crystals of CaTi 2 O 4 were grown by the reduction of CaTiO 3 with Ti metal powder in a CaCl 2 flux under flowing nitrogen at 1000°C. The pseudo-brookite-type structure of CaTi 2 O 4 was redetermined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data and refined to an R value of 0.016. CaTi 2 O 4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Bbmm : a =9.718(4) A, b =9.960(4) A, and c =3.140(2) A with four formula units per unit cell. The structure is built up from edge-sharing chains of TiO 6 octahedra that condense to form one-dimensional tunnels in which the calcium atoms are located. This new synthetic route provides a simple method of obtaining high quality samples of CaTi 2 O 4 for further study.


Both UMTA and USDOT concur that the confusion surrounding the concept of equity in transportation stems from the varying definitions of the term. The author discusses the various definitions in examining the problems of providing equitable transportation for minority areas, low-income areas, and for reverse commutation (transportation to employment centers in suburbs). USDOT and UMTA guidelines on the issues of equipment assignment, scheduling and routing practices, fare structure and provision of amenities are considered with an eye toward feasibility and cost-effectiveness. The efforts by Connecticut Transit to provide equitable transportation following the filing of a discrimination complaint against them by the city of Hartford is examined as a case study.


The path for developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics that has progressively been formed and developed by several generations of central collective leadership of the CPC on the basis of acquiring an understanding of the feature and law of cultural development is a major theoretical and practical innovation in the development of socialist culture.Our basic experience in this aspect is as follows: forming a guiding theory-the system of socialist theories with Chinese characteristics;forming the basis of common ideology and ethics-the system of socialist core values;making clear the goal and policy for developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics-the "erwei" orientation and the " shuangbai" policy;innovating in the train of thought on developing socialist culture-simultaneously developing cultural programs and the cultural industry;and formulating the cultural development strategy of opening to the outside world—conducting multilevel and wide-ranging cultural exchanges with the outside world.


17O solid-state NMR studies of waters of hydration in crystalline solids are presented. The 17O quadrupolar coupling and chemical shift (CS) tensors, and their relative orientations, are measured experimentally at room temperature for α-oxalic acid dihydrate, barium chlorate monohydrate, lithium sulfate monohydrate, potassium oxalate monohydrate, and sodium perchlorate monohydrate. The 17O quadrupolar coupling constants (CQ) range from 6.6 to 7.35 MHz and the isotropic chemical shifts range from –17 to 19.7 ppm. The oxygen CS tensor spans vary from 25 to 78 ppm. These represent the first complete CS and electric field gradient tensor measurements for water coordinated to metals in the solid state. Gauge-including projector-augmented wave density functional theory calculations overestimate the values of CQ, likely due to librational dynamics of the water molecules. Computed CS tensors only qualitatively match the experimental data. The lack of strong correlations between the experimental and computed data,...


AbstractThe problems are all around us: a mother searching frantically for someone to see her sick child; a crippling disease that puts a family hopelessly in debt; a tenfold increase in deaths from emphysema since 1955; a doubling of Blue Cross rates in just a few years. The list could be extended almost without limit….


A series of Cr-substituted spinel cathodes LiNi 0.5-x Cr 2x Mn 1.5-x O 4 (0 ≤ 2x ≤ 0.8) has been prepared and their electrochemical properties were characterized at different C rates and temperatures. Although the pristine Li[Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 ]O 4 showed a capacity loss from ~ 130 mAh g -1 at 0.2C to ~ 10 mAh g -1 at 10C at room temperature, LiNi 0.4 Cr 0.2 Mn 1.4 O 4 showed capacity retention ~93.8% after 400 cycles under the same conditions and LiNi 0.45 Cr 0.1 Mn 1.45 O 4 gave the best rate property. At 55°C, LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 retained ~80.5% of its capacity after 50 cycles; 98, 92.1, and 91.7% capacities were still observed for LiNi 0.475 Cr 0.05 Mn 1.475 O 4 , LiNi 0.45 Cr 0.1 Mn 1.45 O 4 , and LiNi 04 Cr 0.2 Mn 1.4 O 4 , respectively. Structural analyses and surface morphology changes show that although no second phase was detected during cycling, there is a surface rearrangement on the electrodes. Elemental analyses indicated that the Cr substitution helps to suppress the surface atomic rearrangement, which improves the electrochemical performance.


A 2-D model in Roesser form is proposed for automated irrigation channels. The model reflects directed information flow in both the temporal and spatial dimensions. This is consistent with so-called distant-downstream feedback control architectures. For a corresponding class of spatially and temporally homogeneous models, new measures of performance are defined for the purpose of analysis. These relate to notions of strong practical stability and disturbance attenuation developed in the paper. LMI characterisations of these are provided.


This study aimed to investigate the interdependence among the mothers child rearing styles and "self-concept and social maturity" of Kermanshah students. Our research is correlation one, and in this direction the relationship among child rearing practices, self – concept and social maturity are being examined. The used mechanisms in this search paper are in clouding of, beck self-concept questionnaire, wine lend social maturity questionnaire, Bamrind child – rearing practices questionnaire. The statistical universes of present study were all of the mothers and primary school girl and boy students of Kermanshah city. And the statistical sample were including of 206 objects in general, the girls and boy students of Kermanshah ،s high schools, and the mothers of this city. For selection of specimen we have used from multi – stage and random cluster sampling method, and obtained data have been analyzed According to the correlation coefficient of Pearson product – moment correlation coefficient and independent gropes t test. The results of this examination showed that: There is interdependence among the parent child – rearing practices and social maturity of students (p<0.01). There is an interdependence among the parent child – rearing practices and self – concept of students (p<0.01). There is an interdependence between social maturity and selfconcept (p<0.01). There is difference among the parent child – rearing practices ratio girl and boy (p<0.05).


ABSTRACT.While exploring the effects of mescaline in primates, Kluver and Bucy fortuitously discovered that placidity occurred after temporal lobectomy in the ferocious female rhesus monkey, "Aurora." Elaboration on this in a series of three articles published between 1937 and 1939 eventually led to what is recognized today as the Kluver-Bucy syndrome (KBS). This syndrome is highlighted by inability to recognize objects visually (visual agnosia), hypermetamorphosia or loss of habituation to repetitive stimuli, eating disorders (bulimia), loss of normal fear and anger responses, and altered sexual behavior. Its equivalent in humans is further complicated with dementia, amnesia, and aphasia, and it has been encountered in association with many clinical conditions ranging from porphyria to adrenoleukodystrophy. KBS is currently understood as a disorder of cross-modal association due to interruption of the bidirectional amygdalocortical network mediated by opiate-containing fibers. KBS is of interest to epile...


To reveal the interaction and influence mechanism between emergency rescue entities, and to explore and optimize a cooperation mechanism of emergency rescue entities, a tripartite evolutionary game model of emergency rescue cooperation based on government rescue teams, social emergency organizations, and government support institutions was constructed. The stability of each game subject's strategy choice was explored. Simulation analysis was applied to investigate the influence mechanism of key parameters on the evolution of the game subject's strategy combination. The research results show that government rescue teams, social emergency organizations, and government support institutions have consistent political demands and rescue targets in emergency rescue cooperation. The game subjects are driving forces for each other to choose positive strategies. The game evolution process of the emergency cooperation model shows a "mobilization-coordination" feature. At the same time, the emergency capital stock formed based on trust relationships, information matching, and institutional norms between game subjects can promote the evolution of the game system toward (1,1,1). In addition, for government organizations with limited emergency resources, the average allocation of emergency resources is not the optimal solution for emergency rescue efficiency. However, it is easier to achieve the overall target of emergency rescue cooperation by investing limited emergency resources in key variables that match the on-site situation. On this basis, combined with the practice of emergency rescues in emergencies, countermeasures and solutions are proposed to optimize the mechanism and improve the efficiency of emergency rescue cooperation.


For the automatic control of 3900/450 fine paper machines, in addition to the electric drive control system of the paper machine, other control systems form a subsystem of several multibranches with the coordination control among the sub- stems were studied. The application of common DC bus in the control system of paper machine drive changed the traditional frequency conversion driving mode control in the structure, the rectif ication and inversion modules were rationally uti- lized for the modular control of the whole system and the harmonic interference was effectively inhibited, the structure was simplified, the energy source was saved and the financial investment was reduced. The redundant conf iguration was utilized in both hardware and software and the stability and accuracy requirement of the paper machine drive control were satisfied in a further step.


This paper analyzes event management in the context of public-private sector collaboration. We explore interactions between tourism stakeholders and the event organizer. Our analysis is supported by a case study of the "Giro d'Italia", one of the most important and highly publicized European long- distance road races for professional cyclists. We gather empirical data using document analysis from focus groups and observations of public and private stakeholders in Termoli, a micro tourism destination of Southern Italy that hosted a stage of the 2011 event. We find that connectivity among stakeholders was low even though collaboration was an explicit strategy of the event organizers. The case emphasizes the importance of ensuring effective communication, learning and information dissemination. At the same time it illustrates the criticality of creating and sustaining a positive climate able to generate proactive relationships with stakeholders in the destination. Furthermore, we document a lack of knowledge and ability to extract benefits from hosting the event, as well as difficulties in managing the wide range of activities that such an event requires. We demonstrate that an event can serve as a support tool for community-building and economic development. However, as illustrated, success may be constrained by the local government's ability to organize the event and effectively engage the main local stakeholders while considering the intrinsic tourism characteristics of the destination. Finally the case study demonstrates how informal public-private relationships are important and needed to effectively complement formal structures and procedures in the hosting of events in micro-destinations.


During monitoring the building fire explosion site, the combustible object may easily collapse, thus changing the distance between the combustible object and radar system. For this reason, the combustible object position in a series of 2-D images obtained by Back Projection (BP) imaging technique is displaced. Based on the fact that the echo intensity of specular reflection is stronger than the echo intensity of diffuse reflection, in this paper, a collapse detection method based on the amplitude variations between two frames is proposed to determine whether the combustible object collapses. Besides, a position compensation method which uses the focusing delay skew to reconstruct the 2-D image is proposed to obtain the real position. The simulation results validate the correctness and feasibility of the algorithm.


A directional random variable is rotationally symmetric around a location parameter if its distribution only depends on the angle between the value the variable can take and the location parameter itself. This is clearly an oversimplified model. On the other hand, the performance of depth-based classifiers for directional data has been widely studied only under the case of rotational symmetry of the underlying class distributions. For this reason, this work aims at evaluating the efficacy of some of them under non-rotational symmetry. Particularly, the DD-classifiers exploiting the linear, quadratic, and KNN discriminant rules when associated with angular distance-based depths are examined. Their performances under Kent distributions are investigated by means of a simulation study. As a benchmark, the directional Bayes rule is considered. In passing, these classifiers are also reviewed, noting that the way they work within the directional data domain has been given a bit for granted within the literature.


Nowadays emergency prevention should be considered as a complex compatible process of predicting emergencies and early response to the threats of their occurrence or mitigation of possible consequences. This implements a systematic approach to this problem solving in order to prevent their occurrence or minimize possible consequences of them. The organizational and technical method of compatible forecasting and ensuring the readiness to respond to emergencies in real conditions has been developed. This method is based on a formalized mathematical model of compatible forecasting and ensuring the readiness of civil protection units to respond to emergencies. It provides for the forecasting of emergencies, possible losses caused as a result of them and the comprehensive provision of readiness of civil protection units respond to possible threats. The control algorithm for the implementation of the organizational and technical method of compatible forecasting and ensuring the readiness of responding of civil protection units to emergencies has been developed. Its use involves the implementation of a number of interconnected procedures. Firstly, the collection, formalization and analysis of information about emergencies are carried out. Then the complexity of civil protection units with armaments and equipment and their readiness, as well as the staffing of civil protection units by personnel, are taken into consideration. These procedures ensure the emergencies prediction and readiness to possible threats respond. The received information is taken into account when justifying and forming a decision on the actions of civil protection units to adequately respond and eliminate the consequences of emergencies. The correction of emergency solutions, based on the analysis of the effectiveness of response units actions, is carried out.
Keywords: formalized mathematical model, organizational and technical method, control algorithm, emergency, losses from emergencies, level of readiness


Abstract In this article we present a biomimicking skeletal muscle actuator for prosthetics to overcome the issues of high operating temperatures, low contractile strain, complexity, high weight and cost, and linear output as seen with current and academic prosthetic actuators. The actuator proposed is a fuse filament fabrication (FFF) printed shape memory polymer (SMP) actuator that has nonlinear contractile and passive forces, contractile forces and strains comparable with mammalian skeletal muscle, reaction time under 1 s, low operating temperature of 70°C, and has a low mass (74.0 mg), volume (46.74 mm3), and material costs of $0.0098 per actuator. The FFF actuator is a SMP melt blend composite of polylactic acid and thermoplastic polyurethane with a mixture ratio of 7:3. The FFF actuator here has nonlinear contractile properties that have peak contractile stresses ranging from 0.58 to 0.17 MPa for 100–60% applied strains, respectively, where mammalian contraction values range from 0.1 MPa (typical/av...


PURPOSE
To investigate the effects of magnetic fields on proton therapy beams for integration with MRI.

METHODS
3D magnetic fields from an open-bore superconducting MRI model (previously developed by our group) and 3D magnetic fields from an in-house gradient coil design were applied to various mono energetic proton pencil beam (80MeV to 250MeV) simulations. In all simulations, the z-axis of the simulation geometry coincided with the direction of the B0 field and magnet isocentre. In each simulation, the initial beam trajectory was varied. The first set of simulations performed was based on analytic magnetic force equations (analytic simulations), which could be rapidly calculated yet were limited to propagating proton beams in vacuum. The second set is full Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, which used GEANT4 MC toolkit. Metrics such as the beam position and dose profiles were extracted. Comparisons between the cases with and without magnetic fields present were made.

RESULTS
The analytic simulations served as verification checks for the MC simulations when the same simulation geometries were used. The results of the analytic simulations agreed with the MC simulations performed in vacuum. The presence of the MRI's static magnetic field causes proton pencil beams to follow a slight helical trajectory when there were some initial off-axis components. The 80MeV, 150MeV, and 250MeV proton beams rotated by 4.9o, 3.6o, and 2.8o, respectively, when they reached z=0cm. The deflections caused by gradient coils' magnetic fields show spatially invariant patterns with a maximum range of 0.5mm at z=0cm.

CONCLUSION
This investigation reveals that both the MRI's B0 and gradient magnetic fields can cause small but observable deflections of proton beams at energies studied. The MRI's static field caused a rotation of the beam while the gradient coils' fields effects were spatially invariant. Dr. B Gino Fallone is a co-founder and CEO of MagnetTx Oncology Solutions (under discussions to license Alberta bi-planar linac MR for commercialization).


This paper introduces a generic eigenvalue flow of a parameter family of operators, where the corresponding eigenfunction is continuous in parameters. Then the author applies the result to the study of polynomial growth L-harmonic functions. Under the assumption that the operator has some weakly conic structures at infinity which is not necessarily unique, a Harnack type uniform growth estimate is obtained.


For quick and accurate analysis,convenient and practical operation,direct-reading spectrograph has been widely used. Sampling and using of opto-electrical direct-reading spectrograph are introduced.


The article deals with technologies used for reinterpretative (transformational) influence on the mental model in the old age. Successful resolving of the old age crisis implies personal self-development to the effect of deeper understanding of the world, wisdom, comprehension of the past and of experiences, and transformation of the individual's mental model. The psychological precondition for this process is its relation with intellectual shifts and enrichment of intelligence, with reflection and interpretative (narrative) potential of the subject, and with his/her readiness for self-development. To reinterpretate the mental model of the world, we propose such efficient technologies as the structured autonarrative ("Life book") combined with accompanying methods and the method of externalization of the old age problem with adequate metaphors. Defined were the criterial parameters of the presence of reinterpretative tendencies in the mental model obtained by affecting the structured autonarrative. Key words: late adulthood (old age), mental model, reinterpretation, structured autonarrative, externalization of the problem, metaphor. * * * * * Download/read


This article focuses on two stories by John McGahern, "Wheels" and "A Slip-up", and investigates how they relate to the representation of home and place in McGahern's novel Amongst Women (1990). It explores how the stories take up some of the most pressing concerns in Amongst Women in the way that they productively complicate the powerful connection with the land so vividly rendered in McGahern's work


Abstract N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-4-benzoic acid)-3,4,9,10-perylenebis(dicarboximide) is synthesized from perylene 3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 4-amino-3-hydroxy benzoic acid in 90% yield. Together with the photostability the dye is also very stable thermally. The fluorescence quantum yield is measured as one, Qf=1.The diimide dissolves in water at PH = 8 completely. The diimide is an ideal reference probe for fluorescence quantum yield measurements in 500–650 nm region and an attractive photosensitizer for the photoreactions occur in water.


A new method depending on the dual variational method and reducing the variance of using Monte Carlo method to solve definite integral was proposed and proved.And the results of numerical simulations indicated that the precision of the new method is greater than those of others.


We report on our progress on building a decision support system for course timetabling. Our goal is to construct course timetables that minimize some measure of total con flict and tend toward producing compact schedules for pro fessors and students. Our initial application is for the Sci ence Division courses at Rollins College, but the results should ultimately lead to a more general timetabling system that is adaptable to other institutions. The core of the system is an automated timetable construction, whose strategies and heuristics are based on a weighted graph model that the sec ond author has been developing over the past several years. The other key component is a graphical user interface (GUI) that will allow the user to input problem specific conditions and impose changes, improvements, and/or repairs at vari ous stages of the construction.


With improving the enterprise operational efficiency as the core, the paper takes tire production line optimization in AIP company as a case study. First of all, through drawing the current value stream map, the present production line is visualized, and layout and the activities of the logistics and information flow is analyzed. Therefore, value-added and non-value-added links in the production mode can be identified; Secondly, based on lean thinking and industrial engineering, the production process is analyzed and improved, the introduction of kanban pull and continuous production, and production based on beat balance is aimed to reduce non-value added time, eliminate information block, streamline the personnel and WIP inventory, etc., thus improving the production cycle and capacity. After that, process restructuring and optimization is adopted to improve technique, streamline the production process, and draw the future value stream map so as to redesign the production line. After a comparison of the previous and present value stream map, it is pointed out that enterprise production capacity, equipment utilization and production cycle is improved greatly while the production cost is reduced effectively. Its application has proved that value stream map analysis is an effective way to improve the efficiency of enterprise production, and it can serve as a powerful tool for enterprises to implement lean manufacturing. Therefore, it is worthwhile to promote its application.


Objective:To study the effect of micronization on the dissolution of Chinese medical material,Flos Lonicerae Japonicae. Methods:The content of chlorogenic acid was taken as the index in identification. Thin layer chromatography was adopted to identify Flos Lonicerae Japonicae in quality and UV spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of chlorogenic acid in Flos Lonicerae Japonicae. Results:As the particle size became finer,the extractions of the effective component,chlorogenic acid in Flos Lonicerae Japonicae were increased remarkably,namely ultramicro powder(10 μm)fine powder of 160-mesh sievefine powder of 120-mesh sievefine powder of 80-mesh sievefine powder of 60-mesh sieve. The content of effective component in ultramicro power was increased by 14.4% comparing with that in the fine powder of 60-mesh sieve. Conclusion:Micronization impacts remarkably the dissolution of Flos Lonicerae Japonicae.


Milnacipran has been shown to significantly improve the pain, global well‐being, and physical function of fibromyalgia (FM), and is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the management of this disorder. Post hoc analyses of data from two pivotal trials were conducted to further assess the clinical benefits of milnacipran, to determine the impact of baseline pain severity on treatment outcomes, and to confirm the safety and tolerability of this medication in patients with FM. Patients in these trials were randomized to placebo (n = 624), milnacipran 100 mg/day (n = 623), or milnacipran 200 mg/day (n = 837). Two different composite responder analyses were used to evaluate efficacy: a 2‐measure analysis, requiring ≥ 30% improvement from baseline visual analog scale 24‐hour recall pain scores and a Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) score of "very much improved" or "much improved"; and a 3‐measure analysis, requiring a ≥ 6‐point improvement from baseline in SF‐36 Physical Component Summary scores in addition to the pain and PGIC criteria. Additionally, a pooled analysis of mean changes from baseline pain scores was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of milnacipran over the entire course of treatment. At 3 months, composite responder rates were significantly higher in the milnacipran treatment groups than in the placebo group (2‐ and 3‐measure composite responder analyses: P ≤ 0.001, both doses vs. placebo). These improvements were not dependent on baseline pain severity. Similar composite responder results were observed in patients who continued treatment for up to 6 months. Significant improvements in mean pain scores were seen with both doses of milnacipran vs. placebo as early as 1 week after treatment initiation and were sustained for up to 6 months of milnacipran treatment. The most common adverse events associated with milnacipran were nausea, headache, and constipation.


The paper describes the design of eight new rotationally invariant rate-2/3 and rate-3/4 convolutional codes. The rate-2/3 codes are suitable for 8PSK (8-level PSK) coded signals and are transparent to phase rotations in the received signal carrier phase, that are multiples of π/2 radians, whereas the rate-3/4 codes are suitable for 16PSK (16-level PSK) coded signals and are transparent to phase rotations that are multiples of π/4 radians. The new codes are bandwidth-efficient and, when combined with a simple carrier-phase correction system described in the paper, they are able to tolerate the likely carrier-phase changes in the reference carrier of the coherent demodulation process. Thus they avoid the prolonged error bursts that are otherwise caused in the detected data symbols by such phase shifts. Among these codes, two rotationally invariant rate-3/4 codes have been found with minimum free distances equal to those of the optimum but not rotationally invariant codes, having the same rates and constraint lengths. The majority of the codes designed here have asymptotic coding gains which are only up to about 0.5 dB inferior to those of the corresponding optimum but not rotationally invariant codes. Extensive computer simulation tests have been carried out on the various codes studied, and these have confirmed the optimum or near-optimum performances that have been theoretically predicted for these codes.


We investigated the awareness of managers oinpharmacy organizations (PO) about the elaboration of marketing strategies. It was found, that the most managers of PO understand the common issues of elaboration of strategies in the right way and consider, that these activities are necessary for successful functioning. However, we revealed a lack of training in the field of strategic management and marketing research. We formed the basic methodological approaches to improve awareness of management of PO in the elaboration of marketing strategies.


This is a truly innovative, extremely useful, and breathtakingly beautiful book. I will comment on each of these superlatives in turn, but, first, let me describe the series to which the book belongs. Aging and Society consists of three volumes of which Volume I, An Inventor of Research Findings, is the first to appear. The three volumes will summarize the results of recent research on middle-aged and older people and interpret this knowledge in terms of sociological theory and professional practice. The present volume is a reference work that selects, condenses, and organizes the findings of the census


Based on the Ben-tal generalized algebraic operation,a class of(h,φ)-ρ invex functions is defined,a multiple-objective semi-infinite programming involving this kind of functions is researched,and some important duality conclusions are obtained under weaker convexity.


(57) An apparatus for securing a mobile phone onto the body, comprising a holder (7) for a mobile phone and a mounting for the holder on the body, wherein the fastening consists of a belt structure (1,1 ', 1 ", 2,2 ', 5) which runs over one or both shoulders.


A complex analytic data flow may perform multiple, inter-dependent tasks where each task uses a different processing engine. Such a multi-engine flow, termed a hybrid flow, may comprise subflows written in more than one programming language. However, as the number and variety of these engines grow, developing and maintaining hybrid flows at the physical level becomes increasingly challenging. To address this problem, we present BabbleFlow, a system for enabling flow design at a logical level and automatic translation to physical flows. BabbleFlow translates a hybrid flow expressed in a number of languages to a semantically equivalent hybrid flow expressed in the same or a different set of languages. To this end, it composes the multiple physical flows of a hybrid flow into a single logical representation expressed in a unified flow language called xLM. In doing so, it enables a number of graph transformations such as (de-)composition and optimization. Then, it converts the, possibly transformed, xLM data flow graph into an executable form by expressing it in one or more target programming languages.