In this study, we examined the Ca2+‐permeable Piezo1 channel, a newly identified mechanosensing ion channel, in human dental pulp‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hypothesized that activation of the Piezo1 channel regulates MSC migration via inducing ATP release and activation of the P2 receptor purinergic signaling. The Piezo1 mRNA and protein were readily detected in hDP‐MSCs from multiple donors and, consistently, brief exposure to Yoda1, the Piezo1 channel‐specific activator, elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Yoda1‐induced Ca2+ response was inhibited by ruthenium red or GsMTx4, two Piezo1 channel inhibitors, and also by Piezo1‐specific siRNA. Brief exposure to Yoda1 also induced ATP release. Persistent exposure to Yoda1 stimulated MSC migration, which was suppressed by Piezo1‐specific siRNA, and also prevented by apyrase, an ATP scavenger, or PPADS, a P2 generic antagonist. Furthermore, stimulation of MSC migration induced by Yoda1 as well as ATP was suppressed by PF431396, a PYK2 kinase inhibitor, or U0126, an inhibitor of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that activation of the Piezo1 channel stimulates MSC migration via inducing ATP release and subsequent activation of the P2 receptor purinergic signaling and downstream PYK2 and MEK/ERK signaling pathways, thus revealing novel insights into the molecular and signaling mechanisms regulating MSC migration. Such findings provide useful information for evolving a full understanding of MSC migration and homing and developing strategies to improve MSC‐based translational applications.


The European Employment Strategy (EES) – a key component of the Lisbon Strategy – was launched at the Amsterdam European Council in June 1997. The Amsterdam Treaty obliged member states to develop a coordinated strategy for improved employment outcomes. It created the framework for a country surveillance procedure by way of common employment guidelines on the basis of which member states were expected to develop individual National Reform Programmes. The sole competence for employment policies remains with the member states but the position of the Council and the European Commission, as well as of the European social partners, in regard to influencing and shaping member states' employment policies has been strengthened considerably.


This work presents the application of parallel computing techniques using Graphic Processing Units to improve the efficiency of scheduling heuristics for heterogeneous computing systems. The experimental evaluation of the proposed methods demonstrates that a significant reduction on the computing times can be attained, allowing to tackle large scheduling scenarios in reasonable execution times.


Background: Human skil gene encodes for SnoN, a negative regulator of TGF-β/Smad pathway. Results: We provide a molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation of the skil gene expression by TGF-β/Smads. Conclusion: Transcriptional cofactor complex SnoN/Smad4 negatively controls the expression of skil gene. Significance: The formation and function of complex SnoN/Smad4 is impaired in cancer cells lacking Smad4, which affects TGF-βtarget gene regulation.


A longitudinal study by Bjork et al. [1] reported late mandibular growth with uprighting of the mandibular incisors, resulting in crowding. Nevertheless, researchers continue to blame the eruption of the third molars or lack of the patient retainer wearing for the appearance of lower incisor crowding.. There is a need for more conclusive evidence based on rigorous scientific research and its integration in clinical practice to prove whether there is any associ‐ ation between lower incisor crowding and wisdom teeth eruption, and the present chapter is intended to address that need.


This paper describes spoken term detection (STD) with false detection control using a phoneme transition network (PTN) derived from multiple speech recognizers' outputs at NTCIR9 SpokenDoc STD subtask. Using the output of multiple speech recognizers, the PTN method is effective at correctly detecting out-of-vocabulary (OOV) terms and is robust to certain recognition errors. However, it exhibits a high false detection rate. Therefore, we applied two false detection control parameters to the search engine that accepts the PTN-formed index. One of the parameters is based on the consept of the majority voting scheme, and the other is a measure of ambiguity in confusion networks (CN). These parameters improve the STD performance (F-measure value of 0.725) compared to that without any parameters (F-measure value of 0.714).


vidual procreation, the post hoc assemblage of genetic data on selected gamete donors would not attenuate these individuals' rights to procreate. In fact, donors by definition have already engaged in reproduction, through their contributions to the reproductive efforts of third parties. Moreover, recent state and federal laws, including the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (which protects against discrimination in health insurance and employment), reflect a growing network of legal protections for genetic privacy. Bream and Lott also posit that arguments for enhanced genetic screening for assisted reproductive technology (ART) donors carry the dangerous potential for mandatory genetic testing in couples who conceive naturally. The authors' observations regarding cumulative genetic risks to public welfare seem to suggest that the degree of risk that all procreation entails should be borne equally by natural and assisted conceivers. Although we agree with the observation that occurrences of genetic anomalies in non-ART offspring far exceeds the incidence in donor-assisted populations, the individual impact of a particular donor is potentially much greater than that of the average person reproducing conventionally. As the index case illustrates, 1 undiagnosed donor can be responsible for producing dozens of affected offspring. Bream and Lott flag the disparate treatment of donorassisted and natural reproducers, perhaps to suggest that genetic screening of gamete donors places a greater burden on those who reproduce through ART because conception via intercourse imposes no such requirement. Although we applaud this plea for equal treatment of the fertile and the infertile, we question the logic of the critique. Couples who conceive naturally have the opportunity to assess the genetic risks associated with the blending of their individual genomes. In fact, patients who present for in vitro fertilization or other forms of assisted conception routinely receive genetic health screening. Giving those who use thirdparty reproduction the same opportunity to avoid introducing a genetic anomaly to their pedigree is itself an equalizer for natural and assisted conceivers. Subjecting ART patients to unscreened gametes for the sake of staving off the theoretical risk of increased government scrutiny of all reproductive decisions seems unwise, unhealthy, and unfair public policy.


Compression deformation property, which is directly related to an ability of surface compliant bonding and hermetic sealing, of low-temperature wafer bonding using sub-micron Au particles was studied. Wafer bonding test using 0.3 μm particles demonstrated excellent hermeticity with He leak rate better than 1 × 10-9 Pa·m3/s even on a substrate with a surface topography of a few μm. Cross-section SEM observation of the patterns with different particle sizes demonstrated that special voids are smaller in 0.1 μm particle patterns compared to that in 0.3 μm particle patterns. Deformation measurement revealed that 0.1μm particle patterns with initial height of 17 μm deformed by 9.4 μm after pressed at 100 MPa, which is fairly larger than that of 6.2 μm for 0.3 μm Au particles. This result can indicate that patterns with smaller size Au particles can be hermetically bonded at lower applied pressure.


The article is a study on Zhang Dongsun's "theory of epistemological pluralism" based on his book called "The Theory of Knowledge" (认识论). Zhang Dongsun was one of the first Chinese philosophers of the 20th century to create a holistic epistemological theory, and also one of the first intercultural philosophers. In the Russian scholarly literature, Zhang Dongsun's "theory of epistemological pluralism" is under-researched. The article aims to give a detailed account of the epistemological theory of Zhang Dongsun as comes from his book "The Theory of Knowledge". The article, which uses comparative and systematic approaches is also supported by a significant number of specialist works written both by Russian and foreign scholars. The author outlines the Zhang Dongsun theory regarding epistemological pluralism and his views on cosmology and the evolution theory. Equally, she presents the Zhang Dongsun views on the impact of culture on the phenomenon of knowledge. The author also considers the Western philosophical categories, which could have influenced the formation of Zhang Dongsun's theory of epistemological pluralism.


This article creates a portrait of recent designations of nonbinary gender identities and sexual orientations in Quebec French. It addresses how purism and the condemnation of anglicisms played a part in this vocabulary. The most frequent neologisms in the French press in Quebec are LBGT* and queer. The Office québécois de la langue française (OQLF), Quebec's official language institution, first condemned queer because of Quebec's sensitive history with anglicisms and created allosexuel and altersexuel to replace it. However, these terms were found to be artificial and were not very successful, bringing the OQLF the change its initial normative judgment on queer, which is now accepted. More than the negative attitude toward anglicisms in Quebec, what played a major role in the circulation of those neologisms is the need for traditionally dominated groups to gain symbolic power by choosing their own labels, especially those used in a variety of languages worldwide, strengthening the sense of identity and belonging of historically marginalized groups and individuals.


This paper contains various vibration analysis of multi-stage shaft shape such as the bending, torsional and axial vibration.The shaft system is modeled as Timoshenko beam with the transverse shear and rotary inertia effect and the equation of motion is derived by Hamilton's principle with considering clamped-free boundary condition. Then, eigenvalue problem of discrete equation of motion for multi-stage shaft model is solved and got results of the natural frequency through the numerical analysis. Obtained numerical analysis results through Matlab program were compared with those of FEM analysis to verify the results. This study suggests that design of shaft system be consider torsional and axial vibration as well as bending vibration.


One-dimensional numerical analyses of pulse detonation engine (PDE) have been performed by numerous workers. In one-dimensional codes, however, it is basically difficult to set adequate boundary conditions at exit plane, although PDE performance depends strongly on the boundary conditions. To evaluate the influence of boundary conditions, we performed a two-dimensional analysis for a straight single PDE, flying in an external environment under different fuel/oxidizer equivalence ratios. As a result, the physical processes in one PDE cycle and associated PDE performance are acquired.


Yayasan Kusuma Buana (YKB) was established in 1980 as an independent nongovernmental organization to promote private sector involvement in urban family planning in Indonesia. It specifically aimed to establish 10 fee-for-service family planning clinics in Jakarta and develop training programs to strengthen the service delivery capacities of private family planning providers. YKB actively promotes its services in the community and lays claim to having 2 clinics which have become financially self-reliant. Central to YKB's successful approach is the offering of services at times and locations which are convenient for clients. The midwives and other personnel treat clients decently and warmly, and make every effort to attend to both medical and emotional needs. High-quality, low-cost services are provided in a client-centered manner. Short exit interviews provide managers with data on the ongoing innovation process of the operation. YKB is currently considering how to expand its vision and programs.


Power is increasingly becoming a design constraint for embedded systems. Dynamic Power Management algorithms enable optimal utilization of hardware at runtime. The present work attempts to arrive a...


The effect of relative humidity (RH) on the adhesion of particles colliding with a hard surface was studied for submicron particles of liquid oleic acid, solid ammonium sulfate, and solid polystyrene latex (PSL). For this purpose, a three-arm impactor was designed and constructed. The three arms consisted of one impactor having an uncoated impaction plate (i.e., a rebound arm), one impactor having a viscous-liquid-coated impaction plate (i.e., a capture arm), and one impactor having no impaction plate (i.e., a null arm). The particle number concentrations downstream of each arm were measured by condensation particle counters (CPCs). Data were analyzed to obtain the particle rebound fraction. Use of ambient upstage pressure allowed measurements from 5 to 95% RH at the impaction plate. Particle rebound depended strongly on RH, even for non-hygroscopic PSL particles. The rebound fraction for PSL particles dropped monotonically from nearly unity at 50% RH to 0.4 at 95% RH. For ammonium sulfate, the rebound fraction dropped from nearly unity at 25% RH to 0.5 at 70% RH. The decreased rebound at higher RH was explained by the formation of a water meniscus. The resulting capillary forces inhibited particle detachment. A model, taking into account the impact kinetic energy compared to the contact adhesion energy arising from van der Waals and capillary forces, captured the observations well. The reduced rebound arising from increased adhesion at high RH, independent of particle water content, potentially confounds a recent assumption that non-rebounding atmospheric particles are liquid. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research


Multi-temporal remote sensing image registration is a geometric symmetry process that involves matching a source image with a target image. To improve the accuracy and enhance the robustness of the algorithm, this study proposes an end-to-end registration network—a bidirectional symmetry network based on dual-field cyclic attention for multi-temporal remote sensing image registration, which mainly improves feature extraction and feature matching. (1) We propose a feature extraction framework combining an attention module and a pre-training model, which can accurately locate important areas in images and quickly extract features. Not only is the dual receptive field module designed to enhance attention in the spatial region, a loop structure is also used to improve the network model and improve overall accuracy. (2) Matching has not only directivity but also symmetry. We design a symmetric network of two-way matching to reduce the registration deviation caused by one-way matching and use a Pearson correlation method to improve the cross-correlation matching and enhance the robustness of the matching relation. In contrast with two traditional methods and three deep learning-based algorithms, the proposed approach works well under five indicators in three public multi-temporal datasets. Notably, in the case of the Aerial Image Dataset, the accuracy of the proposed method is improved by 39.8% compared with the Two-stream Ensemble method under a PCK (Percentage of Correct Keypoints) index of 0.05. When the PCK index is 0.03, accuracy increases by 46.8%, and increases by 18.7% under a PCK index of 0.01. Additionally, when adding the innovation points in feature extraction into the basic network CNNGeo (Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for Geometric Matching), accuracy is increased by 36.7% under 0.05 PCK, 18.2% under 0.03 PCK, and 8.4% under 0.01 PCK. Meanwhile, by adding the innovation points in feature matching into CNNGeo, accuracy is improved by 16.4% under 0.05 PCK, 9.1% under 0.03 PCK, and 5.2% under 0.01 PCK. In most cases, this paper reports high registration accuracy and efficiency for multi-temporal remote sensing image registration.


Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were raised against Fusarium avenaceum and Microdochium nivale. Cross‐reactivity studies carried out against 14 different Fusarium species plus M. nivale, 10 other field fungi and eight storage fungi indicated that several cell lines had been produced that secreted MAbs specific to F. avenaceum and M. nivale. It is suggested that these specific MAbs along with other MAbs specific to F. culmorum and F. poae produced at the Central Science Laboratory, could be used in immunoassays to assist in the identification, detection and enumeration of Fusarium species and M. nivale.


As clinker is not the real cement product, there is very big difference between clinker's leaching and cement product's leaching in actual enviroment. The heavy metal leaching of cement is more rational than that of clinker in normal environment. At present, clinker is the mainly object used in the toxicity experiment of heavy metal leaching in China. The paper analyzed the cement product that contains wastes and evaluates by using the experimental method of heavy metal leaching. It also analyzed the leach ate impacting on the water body with the method of fuzzy assessment. The result indicats that the heavy metal content of the concrete containing 13% wastes attained the first class of surface water standard, and would not impair the quality of water body.


Background: Metal implants have the potential to degrade body fluids. Corrosive degradation has been demonstrated in laboratory tests, both under simulated clinical conditions and by electrochemical methods, as well as in studies of retrieved metal implants. The clinical importance of degradation of metal implants is evidenced by particulate corrosion and wear products in tissue surrounding the implant, which may ultimately lead to bone loss. Materials and Methods: The present study is to evaluate the surface changes such as corrosion, surface roughness, and microfractures and for the tensile strength of 18 stainless steel miniplates and 18 stainless steel screws which were used as rigid internal fixation in the management of maxillofacial fractures and orthognathic surgeries. Results: In this study, surface roughness and microfractures were found in all the miniplates and screws that is 100%. Corrosion degradation was found in 12 of 18 plates that is 66.66%. Conclusion: Our results through scanning electron microscopy and stereo electron microscopy showed surface roughness, microfractures, and corrosion. However, tensile strength was not affected when the plates were in situ. Through our study, we recommend their retrieval after the purposes of rigid fixation have been fulfilled.


The noise reduction effects of selected twenty-three representative plant communities were measured and analyzed.The results showed that noise reduction effects of plant community were related to its structure.Coniferous forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest had the best reduction effects and their noise attenuation values were also more 10dB.The effect of noise reduction of plant community was more distinct than that of open space.The plant communities possessing same edificatos,more stories under forest and richer species had better reduction effects than that without any vegetation under forest.The value of noise attenuation of plant community was 4-5 dB bigger in growing period than in defoliating period.


The utility model discloses a fluidized chlorination furnace, relating to a device for producing zirconium tetrachloride by zircon sand. The fluidized chlorination furnace is designed for mainly solving the problem that at present two sets of device are needed in order to produce zirconium tetrachloride, the process flow is long, etc. The fluidized chlorination furnace comprises a chlorine supplying tube, a furnace bottom, a reaction chamber, an induction coil, furnace lining, a protective hood, an insulating layer, a feeding tube, a temperature measuring tube, a water cooling jacket, a transition section, an expanding section, a furnace gas outlet, etc. The utility model has the advantages that the production of zirconium tetrachloride can be done once, the process flow is short, the electricity consumption is less, and silicon oxide can be recovered for use to reduce environment pollution.


Limiting the presence of voltage dips is becoming a key issue while managing distribution networks. In order to face this problem different technical solutions may be adopted. According to the Italian regulatory framework, the protection of customer plants can be achieved by both circuit breakers and fuses. A comparison between the two possibilities is performed: the task is to estimate number, depth and duration of voltage dips by the mean of a Monte Carlo indirect approach able to simulate the grid behaviour, coupled with a short circuit computation tool. The numerical results on a simple radial network are provided. The benefits associated to the fuses limiting capability are highlighted.


Based on the results of the national regional trail for winter rapeseed in four groups,including the upper reaches,middle reaches and lower reaches of Yangtze River and Huang-Huai region in the past twenty years,new varieties of winter rapeseed showed upward trend in average yield,the yield level in Huang-huai group was higher than other groups.The changes of average effective pods per plant were not significant in any group,but the number of grain per pod and 1 000-grain weight showed increase trend.However,the increment of grains per pod in three Yangtze River groups was higher than that in Huang-Huai River group,while the increment of 1 000-grain weight was just opposite.The incidence rate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and viral disease in new varieties of winter rapeseed obviously decreased,and the incidence rate of S.sclerotiorum decreased lower than 5%.Genetic improvement for winter rapeseed should be focus on the number of grain per pod and 1 000-grain weight in the future,and yield level of new varieties in all four groups is expected to increase.


We present a semi-supervised learning method for building domain-specific language models (LM) from general-domain data. This method is aimed to use small amount of domain-specific data as seeds to tap domain-specific resources residing in larger amount of general-domain data with the help of topic modeling technologies. The proposed algorithm first performs topic decomposition (TD) on the combined dataset of domain-specific and general-domain data using probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA). Then it derives domain-specific word n-gram counts with mixture modeling scheme of PLSA. Finally, it uses traditional n-gram modeling approach to construct domain-specific LMs from the domain-specific word n-gram counts. Experimental results show that this approach can outperform both stat-of-the-art methods and the simulated supervised learning method with our data sets. In particular, the semi-supervised learning method can achieve better performance even with very small amount of domain-specific data.


In a multiuser multiple input and multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing channel there is correspondence over channel subjected to co-channel interference. Synchronisation is performed between the transmit antennas and receive antennas through beamforming applied in time domain using zero forcing beamforming technique that reduces interference, time delay making it a time tolerant network, increases the number of users in the channel and with an equaliser that amplifies the channel limit. A calculation is performed that amplifies the SINR furthermore upgrades the total rate limit.


At the beginning of this twentieth Christian century, when we are, sad to say, not yet unused to wars and rumors of wars, and even pacific America is going deep into her pocket to pay for a "big stick" (do not even the gentiles the same ?), the thrill of an old war-song may perhaps still stir us, so unchanging is human nature, Before Christ or Anno Domini, in the Old World or the New. In Jerusalem, two and a half millenniums ago, the song voiced the exultation of loyal hearts in Judah at the news from the banks of the Euphrates that Carchemish had avenged Megiddo, and that the power of the Pharaoh who slew the beloved king Josiah had been broken. With a few changes of proper names and a modernizing of terms? it might in this our day fairly serve to express the satisfaction of patnots in Pokin or Seoul at the tidings that have been coming from the shores of the Yalu, the Liao, and the Hun, or from the Sea of Japan. Again an old empi're, aggressive, perfidious, threatening the independence of weaker neighbors, receirres a blow that drives it back to its own bounds. 9^ain a new power comes into view, youthful, vigorous, that the world hardly knows how to reckon with, itself not without possibility of danger to neighbors and others. Again the jov that welcomes victory may be brief for the weaker land that lies between the two contestants, and the chief result for it be a change of masters. In any event, be its application old or new, Moscow or Memphis, Tokio or Babylon, Kirin or Carchemish, it is a stirring ode this which records " Brhat came as Yahweh's word to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the army of Pharaoh Neco, king of Egypt, which was by the river Euphrates at Carchemish, which Nebuchadrezzar, king of Babylon, smote in the fourth year of Jehoiakim, son of Josiah, king of Judah " (604 B. C.). Old, oppressive Assyria had long been senile and ready for its doom. A reunited and revived Egypt was preparing to lay claim


In Niger, Izala is a well established Islamic reform movement that is known for its strategic use of small media. The author investigates how these media are produced and circulated during the Wa'zin kasa, a three-day international preaching rally, and how they play an active role in popularizing Izala's discourses and practices and in shaping a moral community. The author illustrates that the mobility of these small media has instigated a media dynamic that has transformed the mediascape in Niger and produced new actors and new religious discourses. These 'Sunna media' have played an important role in the spread of the reformist movement, and in the establishment of new forms of authority. In the case of the Izala movement, they have also generated a specific religiosity.


This research attempts to identify the most profound mobility difficulties and traffic safety problems that vulnerable road users (pedestrians, physically handicapped and visually impaired) face while walking on sidewalks and crossing roads in Cairo.


The heterogeneity of the alluvial aquifer controls both water flow and contaminant transport. In particular, the presence of organised features such as permeable connected levels (connectivity) has a significant effect on water flow rates and travel times, because it can lead to channelling. The task of defining a rigorous quantitative measure of connectivity for continuous variables has failed so far, and thus there exist a suite of connectivity indicators which are dependent on the specific hydrodynamic processes and the interpretation method. Nevertheless, limited effort has been devoted to apply the connectivity concept in real case. In the present paper, the effects of connectivity on flow and transport are studied for a large-scale real aquifer: the alluvial plain of Milan (Northern Italy). Based on geological and hydrogeological field data, numerical modelling of flow and non-reactive transport was carried out and results were used for testing several types of connectivity indicators. Also scale dependency of connectivity was analysed, pointing out empirical laws describing connectivity as a function of observational scale. Finally, upscaling method based on connectivity was applied to verify its effectiveness in a large-scale real aquifer. Key-Words: Connectivity, groundwater, heterogeneity, Italy, numerical modeling, scale effects, stochastic simulations


This paper will re-examine the long established position of Evans as the quintessential detached documentary style photographer. I propose that is only part of the story. Evans was the inventor of the clinically detached and knowing 'documentary style'. However, we will see that his magazine portfolios and his portfolios in book form; function quite differently. I will argue they employ a surprisingly engaged pictorial narrative form that echoes his personal scrapbook arrangements of magazine cuttings, and international magazine tropes of the time. Evans arranges his otherwise detached documents in satirical juxtapositions and telling sequences. I will argue that the Vitruvius of the vernacular is after all, also an engaged and engaging storyteller.


Technological and economic change within the business and social function of journalism are moving civic literacy practices ever closer to those of citizen journalism. In this article, I survey the changes underway as journalism becomes less a profession and more a practice, a way of reading and writing about society. I draw from journalism studies and civic literacy pedagogies to argue that the writing classroom has a valuable role to play in shaping civic literacy practices in concert with those of citizen journalism. Many of the practices of citizen journalism—including research, analysis, community engagement, the consideration of evidence and perspectives, a move toward new means of publication and social action—are exactly those capturing the attention of composition scholars. The Paperless End of Newspapers: A Death With some regularity, newspapers carry stories of the death of newspapers. Advertising revenue is down, positions are cut, and established publications such as the Rocky Mountain News in Denver, Colorado, which had printed for 149 years, are shuttered with a farewell and their own obituary as final headlines. Unstoppable technological, economic, and social forces are usually blamed. Many news readers turn to the internet, where readership of newspapers has been growing, although newspapers struggle to learn how to capitalize upon that growth. This is a grim time for traditional newspapers. It is also a time of opportunity and promise for digital literacies and citizen journalism, the potentials of which are the focus of this article. I begin by surveying the present state of journalism and considering the rise of citizen journalism, participatory culture, and news ecosystems—drawing heavily from journalism studies and civic literacy within composition—before proposing a pedagogy in which practices of civic literacy may merge with those of citizen journalism in the writing classroom. Academics and journalism professionals are scrambling to try to come to terms with the technological, economic, and social revolution underway in journalism. They want to know what a post-newspaper newspaper might be, who will read and write and produce it, and what effects those changes might have for our democracy. As this is a growing concern, and as many of those writing about journalism are rather prolific writers themselves, there is much reading to do and much of it in the form of the blog posts that are part of the new journalism. (Jeff Jarvis's BuzzMachine and Jay Rosen's PressThink are two examples.) Readings from the field of journalism studies inform a substantial portion of the theory supporting this article. To give but one example of the concern, Princeton University researchers Sam Schulhofer-Wohl and Miguel Garrido found in a recent study that after the closure of the Cincinnati Post voter participation dropped and local elections were less competitive in the precincts that most relied upon the Post for political coverage. They note that their study is statistically imprecise but nonetheless argue that it is a negative portend for democratic life after the closure of a newspaper. "Do newspapers play a valuable, irreplaceable role in American Page 1 of 16 CF 25: "The Open Gates of the Fourth Estate" by Eric Leake http://compositionforum.com/issue/25/civic-literacy-citizen-journalism.php democracy, or can new media fill the gap when a newspaper closes?" they ask (19). In response to this open and continually debated question, Schulhofer-Wohl and Garrido answer, "If voter turnout, a broad choice of candidates and accountability for incumbents are important for democracy, we side with those who lament newspapers' decline" (20). Communications and public policy professor Paul Starr similarly argues that the decline in newspapers means their traditional governmental watchdog function will go unfulfilled, allowing an increase in governmental corruption, especially on the local level. "If we take seriously the notion of newspapers as a fourth estate or a fourth branch of government, the end of the age of newspapers implies a change in our political system itself," Starr writes. "Newspapers have helped to control corrupt tendencies in both government and business. If we are to avoid a new era of corruption, we are going to have to summon that power in other ways. Our new technologies do not retire our old responsibilities." Similarly, Robert McChesney and John Nichols link the health of American democracy to that of journalism, writing, "We do not know the precise character or content of the news media that will develop; but we do know that without bona fide structures for gathering and disseminating news and analysis, the American experiment in democracy and republican governance will be imperiled" (xi). Here is presented one peek at the future of a newspaperless society. To the extent that a newspaperless future is yet undetermined, there are other possibilities for civic life and literacy in such a society. In the words of Clay Shirky, a professor of new media at NYU, "Society doesn't need newspapers. What we need is journalism" ("Newspapers"). Perhaps journalism can fill the space being vacated by newspapers. Writing in Slate, media critic Jack Shafer argues against the implications of the Schulhofer-Wohl and Garrido study ("Democracy's Cheat Sheet?"). Newspapers carry a lot of frivolous news, Shafer writes. And when they do publish the type of investigative pieces that newspaper advocates champion, those articles only occasionally have the civic effect that journalists desire. For example, the New Orleans Times-Picayune's early expose on the weakness of the city's levees did nothing to avert the failure of those levees. Although, to be fair, there are comparable examples of when newspaper journalism does make a difference. The Pulitzer winners for public service showcase some of the best. Shafer notes that today's newspaper is a fairly modern invention and that our democracy functioned well enough during our first century without a mainstream press, when the freedoms of the press were primarily enjoyed by the likes of pamphleteers, the early American equivalent to today's bloggers. "The insistence on coupling newspapering to democracy irritates me not just because it overstates the quality and urgency of most of the work done by newspapers but because it inflates the capacity of newspapers to make us better citizens, wiser voters, and more enlightened taxpayers," Shafer writes. "I love news on newsprint, believe me, I do. But I hate seeing newspapers reduced to a compulsory cheat sheet for democracy." Too frequently absent from this debate is sustained attention to what, if anything, might enter the civic spaces created with the departure of newspapers. What forms will civic literacy take if the citizenry is not dependent upon a mainstream press, a case that Shafer argues never was the case? What type of citizen journalism might rise to fill the space left by a newspaper economy in decline yet not in collapse? This is not a vision of a newspaperless society but of one where civic literacy practices and journalism are redefined, with important implications for the writing classroom. "We are in the midst of a citizen-driven media revolution, the outcome of which no one can predict," Leonard Witt writes (55). "But one thing is fairly certain: public journalism has morphed into the public's journalism." Witt, a professor of communications and himself a former journalist, is referring to the certainty that old media models are fading while the public is taking greater control and a greater participatory role in creating and consuming its own journalism. No longer will journalism be written in the public's interest for a public that only reads the news. In the new citizen journalism, the public is news consumer and also news writer, editor, and publisher. Shirky also mentions revolution Page 2 of 16 CF 25: "The Open Gates of the Fourth Estate" by Eric Leake http://compositionforum.com/issue/25/civic-literacy-citizen-journalism.php in a recent blog post, relating the digital transformation affecting the newspaper to the social and technological transformation ushered in by Gutenberg: When someone demands to know how we are going to replace newspapers, they are really demanding to be told that we are not living through a revolution. They are demanding to be told that old systems won't break before new systems are in place. They are demanding to be told that ancient social bargains aren't in peril, that core institutions will be spared, that new methods of spreading information will improve previous practice rather than upending it. They are demanding to be lied to. ("Newspapers") Shirky is writing here of the newspaper industry's attempts to reckon with the transformations affecting them. He finds an industry in denial, one that fails to realize the revolutionary scope of the changes taking place. I am interested in the new systems mentioned by Shirky and referenced by Witt. I am interested in what forms these "new methods of spreading information" might take and how those forms and methods relate to social practices for civic literacy for and beyond the composition classroom. In the next section, I review the dominant questions concerning civic literacy within rhetoric and composition, with special attention to democratic hopes of the digital revolution. I then explore the idea of citizen journalism through Jenkins's idea of participatory culture, an idea which is useful in attempting to take stock of the citizen-driven media revolution referenced by Witt and Shirky. Focusing upon redefinitions of journalism and journalism's relation to the public, I give special attention to the interrelation of the mainstream press and the blogosphere in digitally mediated environments, or what Jarvis describes as news ecosystems. There are advantages to and very relevant concerns regarding a shifting model of journalism


On average, the National Health Service (NHS) loses annually £360 million in opportunity costs due to non‐attendance of outpatient appointments (Stone et al, 1999). In addition to draining healthcare resources, failure to attend clinical appointments incurs personal costs. Mobile phone technology has been applied successfully to reducing appointment non‐attendance and improving clinical outcomes for patients with physical illnesses. However, it is unclear whether these applications can be extended to patients with severe and enduring mental disorders. We conducted a trust‐wide survey of 141 psychiatric inpatients of the Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust (82% of the Trust's total inpatient population) to establish how many respondents owned a mobile phone (62%), could use text‐messaging services (62%) and were willing to use the latter as a means of communication with the Trust (80%). Compared to patients with psychotic illnesses, those with non‐psychotic illnesses reported higher rates of mobile phone ownership (78% versus 55%, p=0.01), ability to use text messaging (76% versus 56%, p=0.03) and willingness to receive text messages from the Trust (90% versus 76%, p=0.05). The results of the survey were used to inform the planning of a pilot study aimed at reducing non‐attendance rates of outpatient appointments in Oxleas.


In this paper, we develop a critical view of the process of information systems evaluation based on Michel Foucault's ideas on power and ethics. The application of these ideas in practice led to the identification of two layers of power that impact the evaluation of information systems and future research in this field: An institutional level and an 'emerging' local level. A critical awareness of this 'power-ethics apparatus' by the evaluation practitioner leads to more insightful information systems evaluation. It has also implications for future research on the analysis of issues which impact on processes of information systems evaluation in organisations.


The Granulite Terrane of southern India (GTSI) is believed to be a microcontinental block which was bounded to the west by Madagascar and East African and to the east by Sri Lanka and Antarctica before it collided with the Indian subcontinent during the amalgamation of Gondwana. The Terrane is divided into different crustal units based on the difference in their evolution history: (1) Salem Block (2) Madurai Block (3) Trivandrum Block (4) Nagercoil Block (Santosh et al., 2009). The shear zone present in the terrane, Palghat Cauvery Shear System (PCSS) marked the boundary of the Salem block and other blocks in the terrane. However interpretations from different studies are very controversial based on PCSS being the suture zone. Therefore, this study is wholly directed to a region in the eastern Madurai domain which lies west of Madurai city near the town Usilampatti. Evidences from different studies that have reported UHT rocks which lies in the Khambam UHT belt (Brandt and Raith, 2014; Plavsa et al., 2012). Previous geochronological study is done and yielded ages of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic crust formation age and Pan-African high-grade metamorphism. However, a detailed characterization of the high-grade metamorphism and correlation with metamorphic ages from the same rocks using in-situ dating techniques was lacking.This is the first study for texturally-controlled in-situ monazite dating of a UHT metapelite from the EMD and we could establish three distinct stages of metamorphism. There is a correlation of the metamorphic textures and assemblage with the in-situ metamorphic ages to understand the metamorphic history. We have reported UHT rocks and it is a newly discovered UHT locality in the Madurai Block. Therefore this study will help in redefining the UHT belt in this terrane.


AbstractThree-dimensional winds obtained with an airborne Doppler lidar are used to investigate the spatial structure of topographically driven flows in complex coastal terrain in Southern California. The airborne Doppler lidar collected four hours of data between the surface and 3000 m MSL along a 40-km segment of the Salinas Valley during the afternoon of 12 November 2007. The airborne lidar measurements, obtained at horizontal and vertical resolutions of approximately 1500 and 50 m, respectively, reveal a detailed spatial structure of the atmospheric flows within the valley and their associated aerosol features. Clear skies prevailed on the flight day with northwesterly synoptic flows around 10 m s−1. The data document a shallow sea breeze making a transition into an upvalley flow in the Salinas Valley that accelerates in the upvalley direction. Along with the acceleration of the upvalley wind, the lidar data indicate the presence of enhanced sinking motions. No return flows associated with the sea-bre...


Information about the application programming interface of the operating system is stored in a known location in a known format. This information is completely describe the API represented by the operating system, it is stored in the API metadata file. Language compiler or interpreter uses this API information to create a representation well known in natural native system API in the target language. Language compiler or interpreter can read the API information at compile time and / or running. Metadata is used, the application can refer to the named elements in API. Projection is performed, using the metadata projection is performed, maps the named elements named element in the target language in the API, to convert the data of these elements between the object representation and the native operating system representation Wrapper to define a.


The magnetoconductivity and Hall conductivity of a two-dimensional disordered non-interacting electron system are studied in an arbitrarily strong magnetic field up to the two-loop order. These two-loop diagrams have been assumed to come entirely from the diffusion propagators in the particle-hole channel. The set of conductivity diagrams the authors have calculated are equivalent to those considered by Hikami (1981). They found that there is no second-order leading logarithmic term in the magnetoconductance. If these diagrams are evaluated in the 2- epsilon ( epsilon to 0+) dimension there exists a second-order next leading logarithmic term. This result shows that the scaling function beta (g), up to the order 1/g2, is a universal function of the conductance g and independent of the magnetic field. They also found that, although each of the two-loop diagrams contributes to the Hall conductivity, their sum, however, is equal to zero.


In the passive dynamic harmonic filter, the variation of the capacitor value has an influence on the filtering performance. To analyze the relationship between the capacitor capacity (C) and the filtering performance, the experimental investigations are finished in this paper. The test results show that the variation of capacitor value can result in the resonance point drifting and the proper increase of capacitor capacity can increase the maximum of the absorbed harmonic current.


One of the striking results of the application of physicalchemical methods to the study of physiological problems has been the demonstration of the profound influence which hydrogenor hydroxylion concentrations have upon enzyme action. Those who hold that the great majority of chemical transformations occurring within the body are accelerated by enzymes cannot fail to appreciate the significance in the added demonstration that many of the body fluids, such as blood and tissue juice, retain a very constant hydrogen ion concentration, that in the constitution of the blood and the excretion of the urine appear powerful mechanisms for the regulation of the reaction of body fluids, and that the digestive juices are provided with hydrogenor hydroxylion concentrations suitable to their respective enzymes. When, therefore, we turn to milk, a secretion destined for very complicated chemical and physical changes in the digestive tract during the most critical period of life, we should find in a study of its reaction points of interest not only to the physiologist but to the specialist in infant feeding. A great deal of misconception has arisen concerning the reaction of milk. The older investigators, who were not familiar with modern theory, wrestled heroically with the problem in terms of titratible acid. Courant,' for instance, sought what might be called an " index" of the reaction of both human and cows' milk by titrating against phenolphthalein with an alkali, and against lacmoid with an acid, and dividing the titer in the one case by that in the other. Such an index has absolutely no value except so far as it shows the capacity of milk to "neutralize" the added acid or


The locations of the three disulfide bonds of eclosion hormone (EH) isolated from Manduca sexta were assigned by sequence analysis of thermolysin fragments and by comparison of a key heterodimeric fragment to regiospecifically synthesized parallel and antiparallel isomers. We elucidated the complete structure of Manduca EH as a 62-residue peptide which has three disulfide bonds between Cys14-Cys38, Cys18-Cys34, and Cys21-Cys49.


difficult of interpretation. This is not by deliberate evasion, but because people of the times concerned felt no compulsion to record in full the ordinary, obvious, and apparently enduring matters of their day for posterity. We are left with an abundance of hints, circumstantial evidence, and possible clues. The only way to make these into one coherent picture is a massive onslaught, such as this book provides. It translates a large part of the source material available. The onslaught must embody finesse in detail, since the vital conclusions in this field so frequently depend on hair's-breadth interpretation of laconic phrases. The book is meticulously cautious and conscientious inJts explanations and references. The period covered, with some earlier glances, is dealt with in a balanced fashion. The first four chapters present materials from Tung-ching meng-hua lu and numerous other works, covering theatre, acting, institutions, organization, and social status of theatre and performers, and the main types of performance, principally of the early part of the period. The next five chapters contain whole and partial translations of plays, with extensive discussion of their importance to the history of the theatre. Most of these have not been translated in print before. That of Tzu-yiin t'ing is, I believe, the first published translation of a Yuan-printed play. The final chapter of the book gives poems by Chu You-tun. There are extensive bibliographies, and a thoughtful introduction. A sad omission, no doubt because of cost, is that of an index, which would greatly have added to the value for the student of this excellent volume. WILLIAM DOLBY.


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction, Fixed Point Operators, Elements of an Inductive or Coinductive Definition, Induction and Coinduction Rules, Examples of Inductive and Coinductive Definitions, Datatypes and Codatatypes, Related Work, Conclusions and Future Work, References


Field work in an Anglican parish in the Midlands is used to analyze a conflict between the clergy and certain « guardians of memory » about commemorating the Armistice of the First World War. This controversy, circumscribed in recent times and the community's space, is shown to be a key for understanding social relations, those between various groups, between groups and the local and national memory, and between the community and its territory.


During sticking the transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive body sided and a release site selectivity of the release sheet is stably obtained, also during rework of reattachment, it stably peeling site selectivity of the transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive body sided , transparent adhesive material for optical expressed easily, to provide a transparent adhesive laminate and a method of manufacturing the same for optical. Different adhesive surface tackiness (a) and and an adhesive surface (b), an optical transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive body formed from the addition reaction type silicone gel, the adhesive performance of the pressure-sensitive adhesive surface (a) (Ga) the relationship between the adhesive properties of the adhesive surface (b) (Gb), Ga <a Gb, and adhesive performance (Ga) and the adhesive performance (Gb) is inclined type ball tack test (tilt angle 30 conforming to JIS Z0237 the ball number in degrees) is 3 to 15, that due to an optical transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive body, wherein the ball number difference is 2 to 12.


The future of pig framing is based on increased efficacy of production Producers who wish to keep up with the market competition must take care of the costs of production, reduced food conversion, an increased number of liveborn and weaned piglets, fewer days spent in the fattening facility and an increased percentage of meat on the carcass. Increased production efficiency is secured also by using genetically superior boar obtained through many years of selection aimed at securing certain characteristics. These boar bring new genetic variability to our herds and lead to an increased average value of the herd because of its specific characteristics. In this paper, the breeding value of boar imported from Denmark and Great Britain was examined. The animals are located at a big industrial farm in the vicinity of Novi Sad. The paper presents the results of 846 tested gilts of the Swedish Landrace and Yorkshire breeds which are the offspring of these boar. Abattoir-fattening characteristics were followed - the value of the life gain and the thickness of the back fat. The reasons for eliminating animals from the test were also followed, that is, the exterior faults inherited from the fathers. The population average (for all breeds and combinations of breeds) for the analyzed characteristics was 496 grammas for life gain and 16 mm for the thickness of the back fat. The best results were determined for the daughters of boar 4550 (Yorkshire imported from Great Britain). The maximum achieved values were 6 mm for the back fat and 676 grammas for life gain. Among the Swedish Lanrace population, the biggest success was shown by boar 6910 (from Denmark) with maximum values of also 6 mm for back fat and 685 grammas for life gain. The offspring of these two boars on the average showed a growth of from 50 g (Swedish Landrace) up to 70 g (Yorkshire) bigger than the population average for the same breeds on this farm. The average back fat value for daughter-gilts of boar 4550 is 14 mm, and the average for the Yorkshire at the farm is 16 mm, while the Swedish Landrace daughter-gilts of boar 6910 had average back fat thickness of 15.6 mm, while the value for the population was 17 mm. The most frequent exterior faults are soft bristles and bad leg posture, as well as the appearance of spots and an atypical exterior for the breed to which they belong.


ABSTRACT With the advent of the Internet came the promise of global information access. In keeping with this promise, DigitalLibraries (DLs) began to emerge across the world as a method of providing structured information to their users. TheseDLs are often created using proprietary monolithic software that is usually dicult to customise and extend. The OpenDigital Library (ODL) project was created to demonstrate that DLs can be built as a network of components instead ofas monolithic systems. Although the ODL approach has largely been embraced by the DL community, it is not withouta few shortcomings. This paper introduces a graphical user interface and its associated framework for creating DLs fromdistributed components, consequently addressing a number of the limitations of ODL-like systems, as well as presentinga novel and generic approach for creating component-based systems. This system was subject to a user-based evaluationto con rm its utility and provide insights into possible extensions.


The importance of electric and hybrid vehicles as a serious alternative to conventional-driven vehicles especially in urban areas increases. But the low capacity of the battery minimizes the use for the long distance. A quick charging time realized by a high power level of 50 kW (compared with a standard charging station) enables a higher scope per day. Therefore the development of an infrastructure for high power charging at places with public access like motorway service stations is essential for a wide utilization of electric vehicles. This paper deals with different concepts to integrate quick charging stations in power grids of weak infrastructure areas.


Salvia sclarea L, is an important medicinal plant that its oil has been evaluated for antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, anticholinesterase and antiviral. Yield of plants are influenced by environmental and agricultural management factors such as drought stress and nutrition. Plant nutrition is one of the most important factors that positively influence plant production. Nitrogen, an essential plant nutrient is the most recognized in plants for its presence in the structure of the protein molecule. This experiment was conducted in 2011 in Alborz Research Station, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Karaj, Iran. In order to evaluate the effect of drought stress and nitrogen on traits of Clary Sage, The experiment was conducted in split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was irrigation period (every 3, 6 and 9 days) and the sub factor was nitrogen application (0,100 and 200 and 400 kg/ha). Results indicated that irrigation interval significantly affected all the measured traits except for petiole yield, chlorophyll b and RWC. Nitrogen significantly affected all the measured traits except for leaf yield, chlorophyll b and RWC. The interaction of irrigation×nitrogen had also a significant effect on all the measured traits. Shoot yield was the highest in the interaction of 3 days×200 kg/ha (3680kg/ha). Oil percentage was the highest in the interaction of 9 days×0 kg/ha (0.05%). This experiment briefly indicated that clary sage can be cultivated in areas with low water supply, and it can produce the highest essential oil yield about 1400 kg/ ha when irrigated every 9 days without fertilizer.


It is shown that within the framework of the standard Weinberg-Salam model the C- and P-odd asymmetries in the process e/sup +/e/sup -/..-->..bb-bar, due to the interference between weak and electromagnetic interactions, amount to about 40% at ..sqrt..s = 40 GeV. These asymmetries are absent or changed substantially in SU(2) x U(1) models in which the b quark has I/sub 3/ = 0. The possibility of measuring heavy-quark masses is also discussed.


An instrumental accompaniment at a shaman ritual with, from the front, a haegum, taegum, p'iri, and changgo. The notion of improvisation as an activity distinct from composition is peculiar to the Western art music tradition. The Harvard Dictionary of Music, for example, defines improvisation as "the art of performing music spontaneously, without the aid of manuscript, sketches, or memory.... the art of introducing improvised details into written compositions." It further states that "the great art of improvisation has been lost, since it is no longer practiced by composers and survives chiefly among organ virtuosos."' But the dictionary's definition concerns only the Western art tradition up to the late nineteenth century and is inoperative in describing other cultures' improvisatory music, such as Indian raga, Korean sinawi, or Turkish taksim. Although ethnomusicologists recognize different degrees of a performer's creativity in composition and improvisation, we tend to assert that juxtaposing them "as fundamentally different processes is false, and that the two are instead part of the same idea."2 Following a comparative study on the nature of improvisation in American Indian, Arabic, Iranian, and Indian musics, Bruno Nettl rejected the dichotomy between composition and improvisation, writing that "we must abandon the idea of improvisation as a process separate from composition and adopt the view that all performers improvise to some extent."3 In this article, an ethnocentric view of the improvisatory music of Korea is presented in terms of what Korean musicians think of improvisation as opposed to fixed composition and how improvisation operates as a performance practice. Both classical and folk musicians in Korea are accustomed to considerable freedom in performance, which is unlike the performance practices in China and Japan. This


The principles and sorts of Rogowski coil are analyzed and explained. The paper introduced the numeration means of the coil inside integral and outside integral. The voltage connection of Rogowski coil faradism and outside integral output are deduced. On the basis of the practicality Rogowski coil structure and electric parameters are calculated,the graph and data are listed,and the measurement error is analyzed. The coils shield box and eliminating shake of measure are introduced.


A large number of molecular descriptors (70) were calculated for a series of pyrethroid insecticides using the techniques of computational chemistry. Because the set of descriptors contains considerable redundancy, it is necessary to reduce the size of the data matrix while retaining useful information. Various techniques are available for investigation and reduction of large data sets. Several of these methods have been employed and the results of the different strategies compared. It is concluded that there is no preferred method but that each technique has advantages to offer and is complementary.


In this paper, an adaptive control technique is applied to controlling the chaotic behavior in thruster motor system for deepwater robot. This chaotic oscillation has a direct impact on the stability, reliability and security of the robot. In addition, the proposed approach is also verified in the way of both flexibility and effectiveness, and a kind of chaotic controller that is applicable for manufacturing is designed and constructed. The simulation results show that thruster motor system can escape from the chaotic state in a short time by using the adaptive controller and transfer into continuous stable state. The method presented has improved performance of the control system obviously.


Factories in manufacturing require efficient monitoring to ensure product quality and production safety,but the traditional distributed model can not manage efficiently and meet the growing production demands.In view of this situation,this paper introduces the cloud computing technology into the factory information monitoring,and proposes a factory information monitoring system design via cloud computing.The design takes full advantages of cloud computing in management and services,improves the management of the factory efficiency,and lowers its operating cost.


Through analyses manganese dregs reject of chemical composition,active target,mineral composition and pellet appearance,we prove the manganese dregs reject is a kind of active material,and it may be as the mixing material of building materials such as cement,cement concrete and so on.We mix different mixing quantity into cement and cement concrete by the manganese dregs reject in mixing material,and carries on the experimental test of its correlative performance index,thus discover the situation that mixing quantity of manganese dregs reject affects performance index to find out the best mixing quantity of manganese dregs reject.Meanwhile it give a reference we the study manganese dregs reject on building material application for further.


Researchers improve on a polarization detector by integrating a plasmonic cavity with a graphene phototransistor to enhance high-performance optoelectronic applications.Researchers improve on a polarization detector by integrating a plasmonic cavity with a graphene phototransistor to enhance high-performance optoelectronic applications.


This paper studies the French classical economists between 1903 and 1848. In the first part, we consider how they modified their own theoretical tradition (i.e. Physiocracy) and how they modified basic elements of Smith's Wealth of Nations. In the second part, we deals with the reasons explainig the negative reaction of the Franch economists vis-a-vis Ricardo's Principles. Finally, the last part explain how these econopmists relied on Smith when they tried to escapte the Ricardian approach.


The coastal lagoon system most important and biggest of Colombia and the largest in the Caribbean is the Cienaga Grande of Santa Marta. In their territory, seven Vol13-3-168=+:Vol.11-1=6 15/12/08 18:03 Página 113


Generally speaking, the prognosis of endodontic treatment is directly related to its technical quality, followed by an appropriate restoration. The aim of this study was to verify the incidence of periapical lesions in teeth treated endodontically in the adult population of BeloHorizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study correlated the quality of coronary obturations of these teeth and their interrelation with the teeth's periapical situation. Samples from 603 patients, were analyzed, 1006 teeth in all, which were then submitted to a complete periapical radiographic examination. The analysis of the results, correlating the endodontic treatment with the periapical situation, was proven. It could be concluded that both, an appropriate coronary restoration as well as an appropriate endodontic treatment should have a direct influence on the success of the treatment.


Purpose: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved outcomes for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, most patients experience disease progression. There is limited data regarding molecular predictors of progression, particularly in those patients predicted to respond most favorably. We used a next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform to identify genomic aberrations associated with clinical outcomes following ICB in NSCLC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed stage III/IV NSCLC patients who received radiotherapy (RT) in our department and underwent NGS with OncoPlus, a 1212-gene hybrid capture genomic sequencing assay. We characterized tumor mutations and insertions/deletions for patients who received ICB as well as other systemic therapies and investigated their associations with clinical outcome. Results: 149 patients with stage III/IV NSCLC received RT from 2011-2019 and underwent OncoPlus. Median age was 65, median ECOG was 1, and 125 had a smoking history. 87% had adenocarcinoma. AJCC 8th edition staging: IIIA (n=24), IIIB (n=14), IIIC (n=3), IVA (n=16), and IVB (n=92). 79% had PD-L1 staining: 0% in 45 patients (38%), 1-49% in 34 (29%), and ≥50% in 38 (32%). All received RT to a median of 2 lesions (range 1-15); 48% received palliative RT and 52% received ≥1 course of definitive RT (conventional or ablative). The majority received systemic therapy: 68% (n=102) received chemotherapy, 55% (n=82) received ICB, and 30% (n=44) received targeted therapies. Median follow-up was 18 months (range 1-95); most experienced isolated distant failure (n=64, 43%) or regional/distant failure (n=35, 23%) following their first RT course. The most frequent pathogenic mutations/indels were TP53 (68%, n=101), KRAS (31%, n=45), CDKN2A (27%, n=40), STK11 (26%, n=39), EGFR (19%, n=28), and TP53/KRAS co-mutation (17%, n=26). We found CDKN2A mutation (25%)/deletion (75%) was associated with inferior median recurrence-free survival (RFS; 3 vs. 6 mo., p=0.013) and more markedly median OS (13 vs. 38 mo., p=0.015) compared to wild-type tumors. On multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis including stage, ECOG, PD-L1 %, TMB, type of RT, and # of RT sites, CDKN2A loss was independently associated with 2.5-fold risk of progression (p=0.018) and 3.3-fold risk of death (p=0.05). In high TMB (top 25th%; n=21) or high PD-L1 (>50%; n=30) NSCLCs, CDKN2A loss was negatively associated with RFS (TMB p=0.005; PD-L1 p=0.034) and in the high PD-L1 cohort with a trend towards inferior OS (p=0.08). Conclusions: In a large cohort of stage III/IV NSCLC patients treated with systemic therapy and RT, NGS identified CDKN2A mutation/deletion as a predictor of ICB resistance and poor outcome. In the context of recent evidence for sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibition of CDKN2A-deficient tumors, our findings raise the possibility of utilizing currently available targeted agents in the treatment of CDKN2A-deficient NSCLC patients progressing on ICB. Citation Format: Stanley I. Gutiontov, Sean Pitroda. CDKN2A mutation predicts immunotherapy resistance in stage III/IV NSCLC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 799.


The authors present results of their experiences with the Austin procedure in a group of patients approximately 24 months postoperatively. The overall patients' satisfaction rate was 96%. The overall clinical rating was 77%. Reasons for poor results were analyzed.


In the era of internet every device is getting connected to the internet. In this paper, we have assumed that IoT devices can share their power consumption history. Based on data points collected from real world environment we have conducted experiments to show that IoT can be used as a reliable backbone of a short term load forecasting system. In the experiment four machine learning algorithms Long Short-term Memory (LSTM), Support Vector Machines Regression (SVR), Decision Forest Regression with AdaBoost and Nearest Neighbors Regression were used to analyze the performance of the load forecasting system. In the experiment Long Short Term Memory Network has given comparatively better result than other three machine learning algorithm with a root mean square error of 1.82.


The new theory of reference due to Kripke, Putnam, and others has been the topic of much discussion, mainly over its far-reaching implications, covering a host of issues from a priority and necessity to propositional attitudes and the mind/body problem. (The so-called new theory of reference, which, for reasons both of definiteness and accuracy I prefer to call the historical-chain theory of reference.) Relatively neglected, however, has been the task of developing the theory to resolve a host of technical problems it poses. If the only semantic content that a name or natural kind term has is its referent, what is the content of a sentence containing a vacuous name, and what is the analysis of true negative existential sentences containing proper names? Related to these problems are the analysis and content of propositional attitudes where there is a vacuous name within the attitudinal context, the analysis of the semantic content of fictional names, and the classic problem of intentional identity due to Geach the problem of how two people can have a propositional attitude toward "the same non-existent object." Further, if a proper name or natural kind term is, according to the new theory of reference, supposed to refer to what it initially referred to when the term was introduced into the language, how is reference change possible? And how can the new theory of reference be extended to account for pronouns in general, and anaphoric pronouns in particular? A good part of my book is an attempt to show how the theory, when properly modified and/or further developed, can indeed solve these and a few other central problems. Part I of my book concentrates on how a name (both singular and general) gets introduced into the language and its implications for reference change, new identity puzzles, and formal semantics for pronouns. When introducing a name into the language, there are usually background presuppositions the statement of which I call anaphoric background statements (A-B Statements, hereafter). For example, someone takes a given heavenly body to be a


This article have reviewed the preparation processes, flow path and methods of today's high-performance mesophase asphalt-based carbon fiber, and illustrated the advantages of preparation of high performance asphalt-based carbon fiber. Besides, today's main methods of preparation of asphalt-based carbon fiber have been found, and the key problems of preparation of high performance carbon fiber have been figured out.It is very complex and difficult to control accurately. Preparation of mesophase asphalt-based carbon fiber is mainly reflected in the following points: (1) The selection of asphalt; (2) The quality of the spinning; (3) The effect of oxidation treatment; (4) The temperature during carbonization and graphitization process.


This article argues that if public policies designed to stimulate clusters incorporate social and environmental concerns they are likely to have a relevant role in improving the performance of small scale gem mining in Brazil. This argument is based on empirical studies of the social and environmental problems faced by the opal cluster in Pedro II, Piaui state. The research has been developed as a case study, including an extensive literature review, consultation of official documents and reports, and interviews with key stakeholders. The results suggest that some issues are limiting the development of the cluster, including labour conditions and remediation of environmental impacts. Nevertheless, there are indications that such problems could be corrected, depending on human resources, money and political will. On the other hand, it is also argued that if decision makers desire to make this cluster really sustainable, they will have to debate a second group of issues, such as balance between different actors of the production chain, economic activities that could substitute mining in the case of resource shortage, redistribution of tax revenues and redesign of licensing procedures.


With the advent of new and developing technology into the field of dentistry, it becomes increasingly important for dentists to become familiar with these developing techniques. The use of lasers in oral and maxillofacial surgery has seen a substantial increase in both, applications of lasers for different techniques, and also the number of surgeons opting to use them on a regular basis. This article serves to update practitioners on the development and current applications of these modern tools in regular practice so as to efficiently perform dental treatment and minimize complications associated with conventional techniques. The authors have reviewed articles on the subject from PubMed, Science Direct, and relevant textbooks so as to compile an accurate history of the evolution of lasers, its introduction to the field of dentistry and also its current applications in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.


Visible and near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy was investigated to predict soluble solids content (SSC) of rice vinegars based on least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM). Five varieties of rice vinegars and 300 samples were prepared. After some preprocessing, PLS was implemented for calibration as well as the extraction of principal components (PCs). Wavelet transform (WT) was use to compress the variables. The selected PCs and compressed variables were applied as the inputs to develop PC-LS-SVM and WT-LS-SVM models. The correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and bias for prediction were 0.958, 1216, and -0.310 for PLS, 0.997, 0.357 and 0.121 for PC-LS-SVM, whereas 0.999, 0.199 and 0.030 for WT-LS-SVM, respectively. A high and excellent precision was achieved by LS-SVM models. The results indicated that Vis/NIR spectroscopy could be successfully applied as a fast and high precision method for the measurement of SSC of rice vinegars.


This study aimed to clarify the role of trust mediating green green green perceived value and perceived risk on repurchase intention green products The Face Shop in Denpasar. Collecting data in this study using a questionnaire. The total sample of 100 respondents using non-probability sampling techniques. The analysis technique used in this study is the technique of path analysis (path analysis). Based on the analysis found that the green perceived value and significant positive effect on repurchase intention green. Green perceived risk significant negative effect on the green repurchase intention. Green perceived value has a positive and significant impact on the green trust. Green perceived risk significant negative effect on the green trust. Green trust has a positive and significant impact on the green repurchase intention. Green trusts significantly mediates the effect of perceived value to the green green repurchase intention. Green trusts significantly mediates the effect of perceived risk on the green green repurchase intention.


The manual design of CNNs has become exceptionally complex due to the more sophisticated CNN architectures. Thankfully, more and more researchers endeavour to mitigate the difficulty of manual design by designing automated process, but the computational cost of the automatic methods is extremely high due to the huge search space. In this paper, an evolutionary deep learning framework based on transfer learning is proposed to reduce the computational cost, while maintaining the classification at a competitive level. The main idea is to evolve a CNN block from smaller datasets, and then increasing the capacities of the evolved block to handle larger datasets. The proposed method obtains good CNNs with less than 40 GPU-hours. It also achieves a promising error rate of 3.46% on the CIFAR-10 dataset.


A scientific earth satellite that is guided in a drag-free orbit by a shielded, free-falling proof mass has been proposed by a number of investigators. This paper examines the feasibility and some of the applications of this scheme. The control and guidance system is analyzed with respect to system performance and gas usage requirements. The principal trajectory errors that are due to vehicle gravity, stray electric and magnetic fields, and sensor forces are investigated. It is found that drag and solar radiation pressure forces may be effectively reduced by three to five orders of magnitude for 100to 500-mile orbits and that the deviation from a purely-gravitational orbit may be made as small as 1 m/yr. Such a satellite could be used to make precise measurements in geodesy and aeronomy; and, if a spherical proof mass is spun as a gyroscope, its random drift rate would probably be less than 0.1 sec-arc/yr. Such a gyroscope could be used to measure the effects that would ultimately limit the performance of the best terrestrial or satellite-borne gyros, and it might also be good enough to perform the experiment proposed by G. E. Pugh and L. I. Schiff to test general relativity.


All methods for solving linear or nonlinear systems of equations require the evaluation of residual vectors, most algorithms are based on Jacobian-vector products and many schemes involve vector-Jacobian products. Moreover, while only exact Newton methods form and factor the Jacobian explicitly, some information about the size of its elements or the structure of its spectrum appears to be indespensible for preconditioning purposes. In this paper we will examine what statements can be made about the relative costs of obtaining these various quantities for a linear or nonlinear mapping between Euclidean spaces. Our only assumption is that this vector function is evaluated by a computer program as a composition of arithmetic operations and univariate algebraic or transcendental functions, like the square root and the exponential. Complete Jacobians are in general an order of magnitude more expensive to obtain than the underlying residual. The complexity ratio between these two mathematical objects depends on the sparsity of the Jacobian. Analytical values for Jacobian-vector products are never much more expensive than residuals, which is clearly the case for their approximation by divided diierences. In fact, sometimes such directional derivatives are signiicantly cheaper, especially if evaluated as a bundle. These observations are relevant for Krylov or block-Krylov methods, irrespective of whether the problem is linear or not. Iterative equation solvers that consistency reduce some xed norm of the residual over successive steps tend to involve vector-Jacobian products. Because evaluating these row-vectors is generally assumed to be quite expensive or at least troublesome for the user considerable eeort has gone into the development of transpose-free variants that require only Jacobian-vector products. The good news part of this talk is that vector-Jacobian products can in principle be obtained at the same operations count as Jacobian-vector products. It is commonly understood that all iterative solvers can be painfully slow if the equations are poorly scaled. Most strategies to detect and remedy that calamity are based on guessing or collecting information about some entries of the Jacobian, speciically its diagonal. It has been shown that evaluating just the trace of the Jacobian is in general almost as expensive as evaluating the complete Jacobian. Obviously, this bad news suggests that preconditioning information cannot be obtained automatically, but must be gleaned from \physical" properties of the underlying system, possibly before its discretization or through a multi-level approach.


The present invention relates to a recurrent one thousand people or asthma diagnosis after capillary bronchitis, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, EDN) levels and by analyzing the correlation between the post capillary bronchitis, recurrent one thousand people or asthma, recurrent capillary bronchitis one thousand people related to sex or use of EDN marker for the diagnosis of asthma.


EPA-ReportCover-225-Sep17-v2.indd 1 21/09/2017 16:57 www.epa.ie Identifying Pressures As of 2014, Irish agriculture contributed an estimated 33% of national GHG emissions compared to an EU average of 9%. With the implementation of the Irish Department of Agriculture's Food Harvest 2020, the 2020 projection for Irish agricultural emissions is an increase of 9% (EPA, 2013). Land cover distribution statistics across Europe (EUROSTAT, 2012) estimate that Ireland has the largest proportion of land under grassland (67.1%) compared to an EU average grassland cover of 19.5%. Currently, there is no measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) strategy for carbon sequestration in Irish grassland soils. The lack of MRV and the high percentages of agriculture GHG emissions have resulted in calls within Ireland and Europe for Ireland to reduce its agricultural GHG emissions.


Purpose: The purpose of this work was 1.) Perform dosereconstruction for prostate patients imaged and treated with helical tomotherapy and 2.) Calculate the minimum treatment margins for non‐adaptive treatment delivery. Method and Materials: Megavoltage CT (MVCT) images are acquired prior to each treatment fraction for prostate patients. The daily corrections were recorded for each treatment fraction and used to calculate the random positional setup errors between setup marks on the skin and internal anatomy.Dosimetric error from organ deformation was calculated by contouring the prostate, seminal vesicles, and rectum on each MVCT image.Dose volume histograms were then calculated for each fraction. In addition to the initial margin 10‐mm/5‐mm (5‐mm posterior, and 10‐mm in all other directions) that was used clinically, treatment plans were also created with 8‐mm/4‐mm, 6‐mm/3‐mm, 4‐mm/2‐mm, and 2‐mm/0‐mm. These treatment plans were used to assess the minimum margins that could be used for each fraction. Results: The total shifts from the external laser marks were measured for over 1200 treatment fractions. The standard deviation was ±4.1 mm in the AP direction, ±3.9 mm in the lateral direction, and ±2.9 mm in the SI direction. Without CT‐based IGRT, an addition 6 to 8‐mm of margin would be required to account for random setup variations. Treatment plans with 6‐mm/3‐mm of margin would have covered the prostate and seminal vesicles in 7 out of the 10 patients analyzed. Two patients would have required the 8‐mm/4‐mm margins, and one patient's seminal vesicles would not have been adequately covered with the 10‐mm/5‐mm. Conclusion: A dosereconstruction analysis has been performed for patients treated with CT based IGRT.Treatment margins of 6‐mm/3‐mm would have been acceptable for 70 percent of the analyzed patients. Patients with large fluctuations in bowel gas will require larger planning margins, even with IGRT.


I was so shocked by Janet Smith's article (reflections August 19) that I had to read it twice. I could not believe her suggestion that we give our NHS employers a token of our appreciation in the form of a day's pay.


Military Science of Sun Tzu can guide people to be invincible in business competition.The thought of "He who knows when he can fight and when he cannot will be victorious"and "void the strong and attack the weak" are flexibly used in business and exert great guiding influence.Many businessmen employed the military theories in Military Science of Sun Tzu to manage their own business and achieved big success.


Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has rapidly become the preferred procedure in bariatric surgery. Because of the increased intraluminal pressure and the presence of an intact pylorus, leaks after LSG have a tendency to perpetuate and become chronic. The management of leaks depends primarily on the clinical presentation of the patient, but a leak's location and chronicity also play a significant role in management. In general, patients with hemodynamic instability need to be treated aggressively and expeditiously with surgical intervention, whereas more stable patients can undergo less-invasive interventions, such as percutaneous drainage and an endoscopic approach. However, once the leak becomes chronic, the role of endoscopic and percutaneous approaches is uncertain, and often more radical surgical intervention is required. Among the surgical options for chronic leaks, Roux-en-Y mucosa-to-mucosa anastomosis and proximal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction have delivered durable results, with acceptable complication rates.


Respiratory disease conditions are continuing to cause heavy economic losses in the poultry industry. Since Dec. 1991 respiratory manifestation with different clinical courses have been observed in poultry flocks in different countries. Bacteriological examinations have resulted in isolation of pleomorphic gram-negative rods (PGNR). The detected bacteria were designated as Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale gen. nov., sp. nov. in the rRNA-Superfamily V. The present paper reviews the literatures related to ORT current situation on isolation and identification, serotyping of ORT as well as differential diagnosis from other similar bacterial infections.


An investigation was made of the self-radiation from plasma sites which appeared when intense CO2 laser radiation of microsecond duration propagated in the real atmosphere.


Bilateral lesions of the locus coeruleus markedly reduced hypotensive effects of clonidine in rats. Lesions shifted laterally did not evoke any significant change of the hypotensive effects of clonidine or bradycardia induced by it. Lesions of the ventral and dorsal noradrenergic tract at the midbrain level and lesions of the midbrain raphe area failed to change hypotensive response to clonidine.


Hereditary pancreatitis has recently emerged as an important pancreatic disease. Although relatively rare, this genetic disorder has provided major breakthroughs in our understanding of acute and chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, study of this disorder promises additional insights into the pathophysiology of human pancreatitis, new strategies for developing animal models of disease, and new therapies to treat or prevent acute and chronic pancreatitis. A review of recent findings and mechanisms of disease should benefit scientists who study the pancreas and physicians who care for individuals with pancreatitis. This report will focus on acute and chronic pancreatitis.


High frequency broadcasters begin to consider block and spot approaches to revenue management along with tactics to contain costs. A decline in publicly funded shortwave broadcasters coincides with this interest in profitability. Many for-profit broadcasters began entering the market in the last five to ten years using frequencies and transmitters vacated by government entities. Public broadcasters remaining in the industry must now consider revenue sources to replace shortfalls in government funding.

A description and brief history of the high frequency radio sector provides a backdrop for understanding the evolution of the financial management approaches confronting the sector. Calculating revenue differentials for the block and spot approach will illustrate tradeoffs broadcasters should consider when seeking to improve revenue, contain cost and raise profitability.


The article examines the main factors constraining the development of animal husbandry, and justify the system of measures to improve efficiency in the industry.


A miniature conveyor machine assisted by embedded systems and controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC) has been fabricated with the operating mechanism is based on the detection of two different colors. The objectives of this research are to obtain a miniature machine is controlled by the PLC system, create a ladder diagram-based program structure, and measure the performance of the embedded system. Obtaining the machine is carried out through assembly of the conveyor frame, installation of all devices, and integrated wiring. The programming for the Omron PLC system is based on providing the CX-Programmer 64 bits, establishing algorithms and compiling ladder diagrams, and compiling and uploading processes. The performance measurement includes synchronization conditions between the simulator and the control system, observations of the readings of installed sensors for activating all devices on the output side, and observing the measurement of the filling process time and the installation of bottle caps assisted by the pneumatic system. The results of the performance during the process of filling and installing the lid obtained a success rate of 75%, based on four trials, three successes, and one failure. The general conclusion is that the embedded system that has been built can be used as a simulator for the mechanism of filling liquid into bottles and installing bottle caps, and it is as an implementation of instrumentation and automation processes.


The paper classified the logistics enterprises from four different aspects and analyzed the advantage and disadvantage of different kinds of enterprises. Then the paper proposed the trends for the logistics enterprises to choose its development trends in the future.


In 2015, 4.1% of 17-year-old French teenagers are illiterate and 10% can be considered to be handicapped by reading difficulties. Migrants' children are particularly at risk. The goal of this research was to explore these teenagers' family and school histories so as to identify factors of vulnerability, protection and prevention. The grounded theory qualitative analysis of semi-structured individual interviews with 23 teenagers, their parents and teachers, showed an alteration of the parental function, due to unelaborated intergenerational conflicts, particularly concerning school issues. What is transmitted induces a feeling of insecurity and illegitimacy for the child in the school environment. But school failure also seems to constitute an unconscious strategy for repair and metissage, which the vocational high schools can set into action. The results also underline the importance of the affective dimension inherent in the pedagogical relationship, as well as the training needed by school professionals in that area. They offer interesting perspectives for prevention, such as mediations between the families and the school, to help build a necessary pedagogical alliance.


During the COVID-19 pandemic, abnormal conditions potentially lessened community partnerships in school-based management (SBM), such as democratic erosion at the decision-making or policy-making levels at school. To address these issues, this study aimed at investigating the implementation of SBM at an Islamic elementary school in Indonesia. In this study, a mixed-method research design was used, with 510 participants surveyed for quantitative data and 50 participants interviewed for qualitative data. During the pandemic, it was discovered that SBM did not perform as expected. Moreover, school principals had to make a majority of important decisions regarding the organization of school activities. They were also in charge of putting decisions and policies into action. These findings indicate that democratic principles were violated in the implementation of SBM during the pandemic. In other words, the principals and school committee partnership did not run well since the headmaster dominated the policy making on any activities without considering the voice of the school committee. Through these findings, it can be recommended that the government conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the implementation of SBM at the Islamic school level during the pandemic, and bring together principals and school committees in intense joint meetings.


A flutter test using a scaled model of an advanced composite wing for a Navy attack aircraft has been conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center Transonic Dynamics Tunnel. The model was a wall-mounted half-span wing with a semi-span of 6.63 ft. The wing had an aspect ratio of 5.31, taper ratio of 0.312, and quarter-chord sweep of 25 degrees. The model was supported in a manner that simulated the load path in the carry-through structure of the aircraft and the symmetric boundary condition at the fuselage centerline. The model was capable of carrying external stores from three pylon locations on the wing. Flutter tests were conducted for the wing with and without external stores. No flutter was encountered for the clean wing at test conditions which simulated the scaled airplane operating envelope. Flutter boundaries were obtained for several external store configurations. The flutter boundaries for the fuel tanks were nearly Mach number independent (occurring at constant dynamic pressure). To study the aerodynamic effect of the fuel tank stores, pencil stores (slender cylindrical rods) which had the same mass and pitch and yaw inertia as the fuel tanks were tested on the model. These pencil store configurations exhibited a transonic dip in the flutter dynamic pressure, indicating that the aerodynamic effect of the actual fuel tanks on flutter was significant. Several flutter analyses methods were used in an attempt to predict the flutter phenomenon exhibited during the wind-tunnel test. The analysis gave satisfactory predictions of flutter for the pencil store configurations, but unsatisfactory correlation for the actual fuel tank configurations.


This paper presents a comparison of two Evolutionary Artificial Neural Network (EANN) variants acting as the autonomous control system for instances of the θ-Consensus Avoidance Problem (θ-CAP). A novel variant of EANN is proposed by adopting characteristics of a well-performing heuristic into the structural bias of the neurocontroller. Information theoretic landscape measures are used to analyze the problem space as well as variants of the EANN. The results obtained indicate that the two neurocontroller variants learn distinctly different approaches to the θ-CAP, however, the newly proposed variant demonstrates improvements in both solution quality and execution time. A ramped-difficulty evolution scheme is demonstrated to be effective at creating higher quality results as compared to the standard scheme for EANNs. A correlation between the proposed instance difficulty and identifiable landscape characteristics is discovered as well.


Abstract English is probably the most thoroughly investigated language of the world. There exist extensive studies of English phonetics and of nearly all aspects of English linguistics. Therefore the reader might ask if this new "Manual of English Phonetics" is likely to bring something new or if it is merely a compilation of research results, a kind of encyclopedia of English linguistics.


ABSTRACT In this research, spherical gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were synthesized using the water extract of Haplophyllum Obtusifolium. The physicochemical characteristics of Au NPs were determined by FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, and ξ-potential. UV-Vis has demonstrated the successful synthesis of Au NPs (λmax = 548 nm). The TEM images have revealed the spherical morphology of the nanoparticles, which displayed the mean particle size of 12 nm. DLS data showed aggregation of the particles that was not far from expectation. It appears the main reason for aggregation and large hydrodynamic sizes compared to the solid phase diameter was related to the presence of the molecules that were soluble in the water extract, attaching to the surface of Au NPs in the solution. The cell toxicity results have shown the effectiveness of the nanoparticle on the mouse breast cancer cells. The green synthesized Au NPs displayed lower toxicity against NIH3T3 cell lines .


By looking at the development of technology that is increasingly sophisticated and the number of types of gear lifter available in the market it's hard to be ranked appropriately. The utilization on the machine lifter i.e., Rubber Tyred Gantry-Crane in bridge type Crane Group in which the bridge is equipped with a movable rubber wheel above the ground and on the Gantry-Crane is operated at a seaport to lift or move and stack crates. As for the major components on the Rubber Tyred Gantry-Crane is among others; Spreader, Trolley, and Rubber Tyred Gantry-will operate to lift, move the crates and component contained on the Spreader called Twist Lock. On a spreader has four fruit twist lock is a hook in sperader function to lock the con- tainer at the time the u.s. will be lifted cons kem/moved or stacked.