Objectives: Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine neonatal outcomes of premature infants born to preeclamptic mothers. Patients and Methods: Preterm infants ≤36 gestational age who were born to preeclamptic mothers and normotensive mothers were included in this study. Infant's data including demographic characteristics, neonatal morbidities and mortalities were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Hundred and forty infants born to preeclamptic mothers (study group) and 144 infants born to normotensive mothers (control group) were included. No statistical difference was found between mean gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, and in terms of sex ratio. Cesarean delivery, small gestational age and neutropenia rates were found significantly higher in the study group. Other neonatal morbidities such as necrotising enterocolitis and sepsis were also found higher in the study group but it was not statistically significant. Hospitalization and mortality rates were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Preeclampsia was associated with increased cesarean delivery, small gestational age and neutropenia. There were no significant differences between other morbidities and mortality of two groups. We think that prematurity is the main risk factor of morbidity and mortality regardless of concomitant.


Background: Statin has shown robust plaque-stabilizing effect mainly by reducing plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Longitudinal alterations in plaque inflammation during a year of statin thera...


The Department of German Studies od the University of Zadar in cooperation with the Ministry ofEducation and Women od the Republic of Austria supported by the Croatian Society of Teachersof German Language, Zadar branch, and the County Council of Teachers of German Languageof the Counties Zadar and Sibenik-Knin organized a series of workshops named Austrian days2016 for further professional education of german teachers as well as students of the Deparmtentof German Studies with thematic emphasis on the proven class managment skills, deploymentod pupils mobility in the classroom for the purpose of motivation, methods of deployment ofmovies, music and literaure for the purpose of creative classroom atmopshere under the guidanceof Thomas Stiglbrunner, phd. The workshops achieved best grades by the participants.


The absorption, dose‐linearity and pharmacokinetics of compound K, a major intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides, were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Using the Caco‐2 cell monolayers, compound K showed moderate permeability with no directional effects, thus suggesting passive diffusion. After intravenous dose (i.v.; 1, 2, and 10 mg/kg), no significant dose‐dependency was found in Cl (17.3–31.3 ml/min/kg), Vss (1677–2744 ml/kg), dose‐normalized AUC (41.8–57.8 µg·min/ml based on 1 mg/kg) and t1/2. The extent of urinary excretion was minimal for both i.v. and oral doses. The extent of compound K recovered from the entire gastrointestinal tract at 24h were 24.4%–26.2% for i.v. doses and 54.3%–81.7% for oral doses. Following oral administration (doses 5–20 mg/kg), dose‐normalized AUC (based on 5 mg/kg) was increased at the 20 mg/kg dose (85.3 µg·min/ml) compared with those at lower doses (4.50–10.5 µg·min/ml). Subsequently, the absolute oral bioavailability (F) was increased from 1.8%–4.3% at the lower doses to 35.0% at the 20 mg/kg dose. The increased F could be related to the saturation of carrier‐mediated hepatic uptake and esterification of compound K with fatty acids in the liver. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The X-ray scattering technology and applications to the determination of macromolecular shapes and conformations at the SIBYLS beamline at the supported in Integrated Diffraction Analysis Technologies (IDAT) Molecular Assemblies Genes and Genomics Integrated Efficiently (MAGGIE) ABSTRACT Replication Protein A (RPA) is the primary eukaryotic ssDNA binding protein utilized in diverse DNA transactions in the cell. RPA is a heterotrimeric protein with seven globular domains connected by flexible linkers, which enable substantial inter-domain motion that is essential to its function. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments on two multi-domain constructs from the N-terminus of the large subunit (RPA70) were used to examine the structural dynamics of these domains and their response to the binding of ssDNA. The SAXS data combined with molecular dynamics simulations reveal substantial interdomain flexibility for both RPA70AB (the tandem high affinity ssDNA binding domains A and B connected by a 10-residue linker) and RPA70NAB (RPA70AB extended by a 70-residue linker to the RPA70N protein interaction domain). Binding of ssDNA to RPA70NAB reduces the interdomain flexibility between the A and B domains, but has no effect on RPA70N. These studies provide the first direct measurements of changes in orientation of these three RPA domains upon binding ssDNA. The results support a model in which RPA70N remains structurally independent of RPA70AB in the DNA bound state and therefore freely available to serve as a protein recruitment module.


The security circuit is disclosed that a program for the electric fuse ROM according to an integrated security keys at the design stage of the circuit. The security circuit includes an electrical fuses and electrical fuses Rom Rom compiler. Electrical fuse ROM compiler during the design phase of an integrated circuit containing the electric fuse ROM, in response to the secret key selection of bit cells in the electric fuse ROM inside corresponding to the bit of each of the security key, and arranging the selected bit cell. Thus, the semiconductor device including a security circuit can reduce test time and test costs may increase the production yield.


In leaves of A. thaliana, there exists an intricate network of epidermal surface layer cells responsible for anatomical stability and vigor of flexibility to the entire leaf. Rho GTPases direct this organization of cell polarity, but full understanding of the underlying mechanisms demands further inquiry. We conduct two experiments: (1) a novel procedure is proposed that could be used in other life and plant science studies to quantify microtubule orientation, and (2) shape analysis. We hypothesize ARK2 as a putative interactor in cell polarity maintenance through stabilization of microtubule ordering. We are the first to automate pavement cell phenotype analysis for cell polarity and microtubule orientation. Breakthroughs in the signaling network regulating leaf cell polarity and development will lead science into the frontier of genetically modifying leaves to dramatically increase Earth's plant biomass; impending food shortages in the 21st century will be well served by such research.


In this work, we presented a study which investigated the diagnostic value of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of occupational aluminum (Al) workers, we found that QSM might be a reliable neuroimaging marker for the diagnosis of MCI.


1. A particle executes a random walk over the possible positions x = 0,1,2,…, its initial position being x = d ≥ 0. At the nth step it occupies the position x with probability pn (x | d)and is in the state (n, x). The transition from (n, x) to (n + 1, y) has the probability px, v given by


In forest nurseries production of plant quality involves the selection of suitable substrates and chemical roots pruning with substances applied to the container wall to prevent malformation of roots. Acacia retinodes is a species of rapid growth that often presents problems of spiraling roots inside the container, thereby reducing their survival in field. In this study we assessed the effects of three substrates based on sawdust of pine and chemical pruning with polybags treated with copper carbonate (CuCO3) to 12%, the growth in the nursery of A. retinodes. In the substrates 1 (67% sawdust and 33% forest soil) and 2 (67% sawdust and 33% vermicompost) morphological parameters: dry weight of stem, dry weight of roots, overall height and diameter at the base of stem were higher than the substrate used as control. The chemical pruning improved the morphology of the roots of seedlings. The substrate-containers interaction had a significant effect on the response in cases treated with copper carbonate, higher than those of untreated containers. The use of substrates based on pine sawdust and chemical pruning polybags treated with copper carbonate was two cultural practices in the nursery which helped improve the quality of plant A. retinodes.


Conservation Voltage Reduction, reducing the supply voltage by a small percentage such that customer equipment and distribution transformers may operate more efficiently, has been shown in the US to be very beneficial in delivering Energy Savings. ESB Networks, is trialling the effect of this on Irish Networks with positive results emerging from early stages trials. This paper looks at the actual results of the triled and considers these results in the context of expected results through modelling and simulation and comparison to international results.


The treatment strategy of colonic injuries is a debatable and highly controversial subject worldwide in various medical centers. The method of treatment of left and .. right colonic injuries, diversity or similarity in their management and particularly tlifferences between the treatment of war-associated injury from other types of colonic damage are among the unsettled issues. The present study involves a review of 226 medical records belonging to male Iranian soldiers 15-54 years of age admitted to 3 hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences for injuries sustained during eight years of the Iran-Iraq war. Differenc�s with respect to therapeutic results, symptoms and mortality rates were studied between the two groups of patients with left and right colonic injury with reference to the various surgical treatments employed. Ninety two (40.7%) and 134 (59.3%) cases suffered from injuries of the right and left colon, respectively. The majority (91.6%) had undergone primary surgical treatment in field hospitals before being dispatched to our hospital for convalescence and continuation of therapy. Our study indicates that in the presence of identical side-conditions and regardless of anatomical sites, both right and left colon injury can be treated similarly with no significant differences between the two groups (p=O.804). The peculiarities relating to each case demanded a particular surgical therapy. As compared with the results obtained from other surgical therapies the best surgical management of war-associated colonic injuries with the least sequelae is Correspondence: A.R. Talei, M.D., Dept. of Surgery, Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz, LR. Iran. * Associate professor of surgery


Active components were extracted by different solvents and different means from the flowers of Impatiens balsamina L., and their antioxidative capacities were determined by solvent box method. Tests revealed that the different extracts all have antioxidant activity, and the water extract shows the strongest. The antioxidant capacity of the extraction which obtained from the flowers of Impatiens balsamina L.(100g per) is equivalent to the antioxidant capacity of VC 2.3g, quercetion0.76g, rutin 0.02g,r espectively.


In view of several permutation forms that spiral cylinder might produce, taking minimal energy consumption, the theoretical calculation formula of the actual maximal cutting thickness and the optimal line spacing for cutting picks is deduced. The attack-pick is taken as an example to calculate the optimal line spacing and the area of the piece section for the three possible permutation forms of three-spiral cylinder in the concrete operating mode. At the end, the permutation forms is definiteed on the picture of cutting and the area of the piece section. The derived formulate has certain theory directive significance forms of the selection of arranging the forms of cutting picks.


Polylactides (PLAs) have been known for several decades and have recently gained considerable commercial significance. This development makes it highly desirable to have the rheological properties of these materials well characterized and reduced to useable mathematical models. However, comprehensive rheological characterization of PLAs is not yet available from the literature. In this study, rheological and thermal measurements were made on a comprehensive and well-characterized set of homopolymers and copolymers spanning wide ranges of molecular mass and stereoisomer proportions (L content). For all compositions within the weight average molecular weight range of 105–106(g∕mol) and a reference temperature of 180 °C, the zero shear viscosity is described by the relationship log(η0)=−14.26+3.4log(Mw), the plateau modulus is 1.0±0.2MPa, and average WLF parameters are c1=3.241∕K and c2=164.9K; the later correspond to a Vogel temperature of 288.25 K. The values of the glass transition temperatures at infinit...


Teachers in any country work within real constraints. I n Singapore these include large classes as well as a curriculum with approximate times allocated to differen t topics in order to complete the curriculum. They als o work within an environment where education is valued an students feel it is important to do well. Within t is system the question arises as to how teachers can incorpora te real-life events into their classroom practice.


The aim of the study is to identify the relationships of the results of the physiological and anthropometric tests and special on-ice fitness tests with individual player performance indicators during matches of the Poland men's national ice hockey team played during the U18 Ice Hockey World Championship. A total of 20 hockey players (forwards, n=12 and defensemen, n=8) of the Poland men's national ice hockey team were included in this study. All participants were performed a battery tests including maximal aerobic capacity, Wingate test, Repeated-Skate Sprint test and vertical jump test. Pearson correlations were used to examine any differences in all measures and +/– score. Only the fatigue index calculated from the repeated-skate sprint test was significantly correlated with absolute +/– score (r=0.47, p<0.05). The result of the aerobic capacity test, expressed by means of the oxygen intake value (VO 2 max), despite being statistically insignificant, reached the value of r=0.42. The results of this study suggest that game performance as indicated by the +/– score can be predicted by the fatigue index calculated from the repeated-skate sprint test.


The development of effective small-molecule probes and drugs entails a discovery phase, often requiring the synthesis and screening of candidate compounds, an optimization phase requiring the synthesis and analysis of structural variants, and a manufacturing phase requiring the efficient, large-scale synthesis of the optimized probe or drug. In the pharmaceutical industry, the original chemistry team-based approach is evolving to a bucket brigade-based approach where, increasingly, contracted (outsourced) chemists perform the first activity while in-house medicinal and process chemists, respectively, perform the second and third activities. The up-front coordination of these activities tends not to be optimized – each has a life of its own and each can result in a bottleneck. Therefore, a challenge for the field of synthetic chemistry is to develop a new kind of chemistry that yields small molecules that increase the probability of success in all subsequent facets of the probeand drug-discovery pipelines, including discovery, optimization and manufacturing. Whereas this transformative chemistry remains elusive, progress is being made. Here, we review a newly emerging strategy in diversity-oriented small-molecule synthesis that may have the potential to achieve these challenging goals in the future.


The stream and heat transfer attributes of Boussinesq convection of a Casson liquid in an inclined channel is explored. The non-linear PDE's are transformed into nonlinear ODE's utilizing non-dimensional quantities. These nonlinear ODE's are solved numerically by utilizing Runge-Kutta technique along with shooting strategy. The outcomes are introduced for different estimations of the ratios of wall temperature, variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity, Hartmann number, Casson parameter, buoyancy parameter and angle of inclination. The current outcomes are discovered acceptable concurrence with the previous distributions. It is discovered that the speed and temperature for inclined channel can be expanded or diminished with appropriate estimations of the ratios of physical parameters which is talked about under three distinct cases.


Magnesium-promoted Fe/Cu/K/SiO_2 catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was prepared using spray-dried technology. The structures of the catalysts after calcination at different temperatures were characterized by means of N_2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mssbauer spectroscopy (MES), and H_2 temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). It showed that increasing calcination temperature decreased the BET surface area and increased the average pore diameter and the size of α-Fe_2O_3 crystallite for the catalyst, leading to a difficult reduction of the active phase. The Fischer-Tropsch performance of the catalysts after (calcination) was tested in a fixed bed reactor under the conditions of 250℃, 2.0MPa and 2000h~(-1). With the( increase) of the calcination temperature, the initial activity of the catalyst decreased, and the activity gradually (approached) to a stable value with time on stream, depending on the induction period which prolonged with (increasing) calcination temperature. Additionally, the increase of the calcination temperature also favored the (formation) of heavy hydrocarbons and declined the CH_4 selectivity.


Introduction In Chapters 5–8, various control laws were presented for attitude stabilization and maneuvering. The hardware used to implement the control laws were principally momentum exchange devices as well as magnetic and solar torque controllers. Such controllers work in a linear continuous mode. The torques that they can provide are in the range of 0.02–1 N-m for momentum exchange devices, 10 −2 –10 −3 N-m for magnetic torque controllers, and 10 −5 –10 −6 N-m for solar torque controllers. This form of attitude control has two major disadvantages. First, the speed of attitude maneuvering is limited by the low-level maximal torques that can be delivered to the ACS. The second but no less important difficulty was encountered in orbit-maneuvering tasks. The high-level liquid thrusters (or solid propulsion motors) used for orbit changes induce parasitic torques due to physical irregularities of the propulsion system. The level of induced parasitic torques is of the order of several newton-meters. The only way to control the attitude of the spacecraft under such disturbance conditions is to use reaction thruster controllers (see also Section 8.8). Reaction thrusters used in attitude control are activated in a pulsing mode only. There are no linear, continuous reaction thrust controllers. This fact somehow complicates the analytical treatment of attitude control systems using them as torque controllers. However, they can provide almost any torque level, as surveyed in Appendix C. Reaction torque levels ranging between 0.01 N-m and 30 N-m are very common in most spacecraft. For practical considerations, it is convenient to use thrusters of the same thrust level for all control tasks in the satellite, but if this is not feasible then thrusters with different thrust levels can be incorporated as part of a unified propulsion system. This chapter deals with the analysis and design of reaction thruster attitude control. It also covers two principal difficulties caused by the pulsing mode of thruster firing: the limits on attitude accuracy that can be achieved with a given thruster, and the fuel penalty associated with sensor noise.


The Chinese power sector plays a vital role in national emissions reduction goal due to its large contribution to overall emissions. This paper explores the regional similarities and disparities of power generation emissions among 30 provinces. First, the affinity propagation (AP) algorithm is applied to find the similar characteristics in emissions among 30 provinces. The clustering results of CO2 emissions indicate that the 30 provinces are divided into five clusters in 1997 and seven clusters in 2012 based on four indicators (generation structure, energy intensity, GDP per capita and electricity intensity). Then, the regional differences in driving forces on CO2 emissions from power industry are examined using refined Laspeyres decomposition model. Results showed that there are significant contribution differences of five indicators (power generation emission coefficient, generation structure, electricity intensity, economy and population) on power generation emissions among different provinces. The provincial emissions reduction target and supporting policies for power industry should be customised and consistent with the actual situations considering the similarity and differences in emission characteristics.


Jaurnal of Career Development, Vol. 14(4), Summer 1988 Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, August, 1985, and at the Career Theory Conference, University of Northern Iowa, May, 1986. Address requests for reprints to Linda Brooks, School of Education, CB# 3500, Peabody Hall, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3500. It is a well-known fact that women tend to explore and enter a restricted range of occupations, and that they are underrepresented in high level managerial and administrative positions. As a result of this restricted range of both perceived options and achievements, counselors have been urged to use strategies that will encourage women to explore a wider variety of career options. This pressure on counselors to urge women to explore more widely has created at least two dilemmas for counselors. The first dilemma is an ethical one; that is, to what extent is it legitimate for counselors &dquo;to reshape youngster's aspirations and views of themselves?&dquo; (Gottfredson, 1981, p. 577). This issue will be discussed later. The second dilemma is the identification of strategies that will be effective in stimulating women to explore more broadly. Thus far, the career choice literature has provided counselors with little or no direction. Certainly classical career development theory has provided little guidance. These theories have been severely criticized by many


* From the Hutzel Hospital Medical Unit, Section of Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Presented at the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the American College of Angiology, New York, June 24-28, 1970. In a comparison of normotensive and hypertensive subjects, Hines et al, 1-4 by using the cold-pressor test, have shown that the majority of patients with hypertension exhibit an increased cold-pressor rise, whereas only a small portion of normotensive individuals may experience such a response. It was shown, that previously normotensive hyperreactors may, later in life, develop hypertension, and it was considered that an excessive cold-pressor response was suggestive of a prehypertensive state.2 This, however, could not be confirmed by others,5 who found no relationship between cold-pressor response and development of hypertension at a later age. Moreover, recent studies, including hemodynamic observations, have indicated, that the value of the cold-pressor test in separating normotensive from hypertensive individuals is negligible. 6-7 Most recently, in preliminary retrospective studies (Clin. Res. 14: 264, 1966, April; Clin. Res. 15: 95, 1967, January; Circulation 36: 42, 1967, Supplement II, October; Circulation 38: 25, 1968, Supplement VI, October), I have observed that exaggerated cold-pressor response may be a manifestation of vascular sclerosis rather than hypertension. In order to further investigate this observation the following study was undertaken.


SAT reviews decisions made by State Government and local governments regarding a range of matters concerning development, subdivision, notices, fisheries, water, rating, land valuation, land tax and soil and land conservation. It is also the primary decision maker hearing cases regarding compensation for compulsory acquisition of land.


In the turbulence of ocean wave, spilled oil takes sea water as small droplets dispersed in it, which is referred to as W/O emulsion. The resultant W/O emulsion has very high viscosity and changes ...


Background and Objectives: High intakes of saturated and trans fatty acids can increase risks of cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Therefore, removal of partially-hydrogenated vegetable oils containing trans fatty acids has been suggested as one of the most effective health interventions. The aim of the current study was to investigate the policy effects of decreasing trans fatty acids in partially-hydrogenated vegetable oils as well as increasing intakes of unsaturated fatty acids through the introduction of novel products into the market and assessing the averages intake of saturated and trans fatty acids by households of capital cities in West Azerbaijan, Fars, Khuzestan, Lorestan, Semnan and South Khorasan Provinces. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on households in capitals of six provinces. Data were collected from the begging of May to the end of July 2014 using telephone interviews. Information on the types of fats and oils used for cooking as well as the purchase pattern and their quantities were collected using questionnaires. Fatty acid profiles of the consumed fats and oils were investigated as well. Results: The commonly consumed oils in the provinces included partially-hydrogenated vegetable oils, blended oils and frying oils. These oils included more than 70% of the total oil intakes. Furthermore, the average intakes of oils and fats per capita in the provinces were ordinarily West Azerbaijan, Khuzestan, Lorestan, South Khorasan and Fars. Intakes of trans fatty acids ranged from 0.32 in Fars to 0.67 g/person/day in West Azerbaijan. Results of this study showed that quantity of the trans fatty acids in partially-hydrogenated vegetable oils has decreased by 95%, compared to that in previous decade. Moreover, consumption of partially-hydrogenated vegetable oils by households has decreased by 45%, compared to that in the last decade. Conclusion: Effective policies, reformulations of oils and decreasing of trans fatty acids in partially-hydrogenated vegetable oils have included positive and effective changes, which have led to improve quality of fats and oils consumed by the households.


A class of Row-Column Designs (RC-designs) in t + tl-1 (t = t1t2) treatments has been constructed by supplementing a latin square type RC-design in t-1 treatments arranged in t x t array with principal diagonal (left to right) blank and having each treatment once in each row and once in each column. The blank diagonal positions are supplemented by t1 new treatments each replicated t2 times. These designs are simple partially efficiency balanced Row-Column designs (SPEB-RC-designs) having two sets of treatments with different number of replications. These designs are very useful in agricultural experiments particularly in plant development programme where limited seed material is available for new strains or varieties (t1) as compared to standard or check varieties (t-1), already in existence.


The present invention discloses a kind of energy-saving lighting control method of varying the amplitude of the extremum seeking algorithm based on the Newton, by PID closed loop control to maintain the illumination requirements, but also by varying the magnitude of Newton extremum search algorithm to quickly find iterative continuously lighting system energy consumption minimum value, a minimum value and remains stable output; in a variation of the amplitude of Newton extremum seeking algorithm, a positive signal is introduced to change the amplitude of the perturbation, this variable to a rapid increase, in order to ensure the accuracy of the algorithm, then decreases, shortening the time required for the search algorithm. According to the present invention, it can improve the speed and accuracy of Newton extremum seeking algorithm, to improve the overall performance of energy saving lighting control method.


A brief survey of home and foreign specialists' experience of different function diesel engine conversion into gas engines with spark ignition has been presented. Scientific and technical problems that should be settled for implementation of one of partially substituted liquid oil fuel directions by natural gas for the purpose of improvement of energy-ecological indexes of vehicles and other power units with ICE have been pointed out.


Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Taiwan and the experience of the management of serious complications is much lower than in Western countries. The authors just want to alert readers that anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is not without life-threatening complications. Three serious complications were described, including surgical management and outcomes following the application of anti-TNF monoclonal antibody therapy for IBD. Case 1 involved a 25-year-old man treated with five doses of adalimumab for moderate control of Crohn's disease (CD). Six months later, he experienced severe intestinal obstruction, which necessitated right hemicolectomy with ileocolic anastomosis. He recovered postsurgery. Case 2 involved a 54-year-old man treated with adalimumab for intractable ulcerative colitis. Ten days after the second dose of adalimumab, an emergent subtotal colectomy with ileostomy was performed for a transverse colon perforation with peritonitis. The patient underwent an ileal pouch operation a year later. Case 3 was based on a 16-year-old male patient treated with six doses of an infliximab biosimilar for CD; thereafter, an emergent subtotal colectomy with ileostomy and Hartmann's pouch was performed for peritonitis with the presence of a perforated gastrocolic fistula tract. He had no serious complications following an uneventful recovery period. Creating awareness of serious complications associated with biologic treatments and offering appropriate patient management, including surgical treatment, is beneficial to patients.


The three notions that underlie Indian culture are that of bandhu, paradox, and yajña. Bandhu is the binding between the outer and the inner that makes it possible to know, and this is the basis of the pervasive spirituality in India; paradox is the recognition that the bandhu must lie outside of rational system, leading to the distinction between the "higher" science of consciousness and the "lower," rational objective science; yajña is transformation that the individual undergoes by participating in Vedic "ritual" or any other creative process. The cosmology related to this framework is that of infinity and recursion across scale and time.


Summary

The article addresses the arc-flash hazard assessments combining the optimal coordination of digital overcurrent relays. A novel objective function is adopted to concurrently reduce the arc-flash hazards while adapting the optimal settings of directional overcurrent relays subjects to set of coordination constraints. The flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is applied to attain the target. The proposed FPA-based technique is employed to define three main parameters for the relay settings. The performance and value of the proposed FPA-based methodology are demonstrated on the 8-bus and 15-bus meshed networks with various fault scenarios. Comparisons with the other competitive algorithms and subsequent discussions validate its good performance. Efficacious attributes of the novel objective function are compared and highlighted over the traditional objective function commonly used by the other researchers reported in the literature. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The article deals with the problem of socialization and creative self-development of students in the conditions of children's associations and movements. Attention is drawn to the fact that children's associations and movements are an important factor of personality, on the one hand, creating the conditions to meet the needs, interests, goals, children of different ages and formation of new aspirations; On the other hand, determining the selection of the internal capacity of the individual and collective self-restraint by the choice of adjusting to social norms, values, and social programs. The factors, conditions and methods of educational activities that promote self-knowledge and create conditions for free creative self-development and socialization of students in children's associations and movements. Children's organizations and movements in Russia are becoming a significant factor in the positive education of the younger generation, education for democratic culture, complementing a focused educational process of the school.


The invention relates to a LiAlH4/carbon-coated metal nanoparticle (Ni-Co@C) composite hydrogen storage material and a preparation method thereof. Carbon-coated Ni-Co bimetal nanoparticles (Ni-Co@C) with a uniform diameter of 4-6nm are prepared by taking CoCo(Ni(EDTA))2.4H2O as a precursor through a high-temperature sintering method; Ni-Co@C is taken as a catalyst for compounding with LiAlH4, so that the hydrogen desorption temperature of a LiAlH4 system is greatly reduced; when the doping amount of the catalyst is 1wt%, the hydrogen desorption temperature is reduced to 43 DEG C and the hydrogen desorption amount achieves 7.3wt%; and when the doping amount of the catalyst is 10wt%, the hydrogen desorption temperature achieves 36 DEG C for the first time. The catalyst (Ni-Co@C) prepared by the method disclosed by the invention has great uniform dispersion, and the prepared LiAlH4 composite hydrogen storage material can show good hydrogen desorption performance at relatively low temperature. | 本发明涉及一种LiAlH4/碳包覆金属纳米粒子(Ni-Co@C)复合储氢材料及其制备方法。以CoCo[Ni(EDTA)]2·4H2O为前驱体通过高温烧结法制备了均一的直径为4-6nm的碳包覆Ni-Co双金属纳米粒子(Ni-Co@C);以Ni-Co@C为催化剂将其与LiAlH4进行复合,大大降低了LiAlH4体系的放氢温度,当催化剂的掺杂量为1wt%时,放氢温度降至43°C,放氢量达到7.3wt%;当催化剂的掺杂量为10wt%时,放氢温度首次达到36°。本发明制备的催化剂(Ni-Co@C)具有很好的均匀分散性,制得的LiAlH4复合储氢材料能够在较低的温度下表现出良好的放氢性能。


57 ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for improving the quality of a color-to-gray scale conversion is disclosed. A table is generated providing a visually correct conversion of all possible background/foreground colors. This table is then stored. In operation, after the attribute byte de scribing the foreground and background colors is re trieved from memory, it is used to access the stored conversion table, wherein its gray scale equivalent is stored. The stored equivalent is then used to generate the gray scale LCD display. In other embodiments, multiple copies of the table are stored, making multi frame operations very efficient in operation.


Department of Physiology and Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland 1st Department of Pediatric Allergology and Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland


In order to realize the upgrade of the product quality, The Steelmaking Plant of Laiwu Steel scientific integrate key basics that restrict the product quality upgrading, then forms the integrative system of quality management. By impulse mechanism, realizes the quality stabilization in nature and builds the strict system. By propulsion product quality all-round upgrading of management, realizes the upgrade of the billet quality and the eligible rate is above 99.9%, and the rate of the high grade steel is above 55%, the variety steel is above 35%, and gain benefits 31.844 million Yuan this year.


Phenotypic performance and yields needed for specific lines selection. Experiment was conducted to determine phenotypic performance and grain yield of nine promising lines of composite maize (Zea mays) as the information needed to released as specific varieties of West Java. A set of field experiment were established in Majalengka and Sumedang district, from April to Juli 2010. Nine maize lines and 3 control varieties i.e. Gumarang, Makmur-1, and Sinta-1 were planted based on a randomized block design. The result showed that AS-1 has better ear performance than control varieties. R2, R3, and AS-1 has a character of high yields potential equivalent to the varieties and opportunity to be released as specific composite maize varieties of West Java.


A number of ontology based systems have been developed that support typical knowledge management tasks. At the moment almost all of these systems, however, rely on a number of assumptions about the nature of environment they are used in. In such an environment, a number of problems occur when trying to use ontology-based information and these are the following (1) changing information is the change in the set of information that should be accessible using an ontology; (2) changing ontologies are changes in the ontologies used to access information; and (3) changing sources or change of information sources making it impossible to establish a centralized ontology infrastructure that supports information sharing.


1. The 5-year actuarial graft, patient and functional graft survival rates were analyzed in 743 consecutive primary cadaveric kidney transplants from The Toronto Hospital between January 1985-December 1997. 2. Recipient age > or = 55 years, male recipient sex, recipient diabetes mellitus, CIT > 36 hours and delayed graft function were found to significantly decrease patient survival. 3. Recipient age > or = 55 years, sensitization to HLA antigens (peak PRA > 50%), donor/recipient HLA antigen mismatches, CIT > 36 hours, delayed graft, function and 6-month SCr > 200 mumol/L were found to significantly decrease graft survival. 4. Acute rejection episodes had no significant impact on overall 5-year patient or graft survival. 5. The observation that serum creatinine > 200 mumol/L had a major adverse influence on long-term outcome reflects the importance of functional renal mass on graft survival.


Parking gear for a parking lock arrangement for locking an output shaft of a transmission of a vehicle, with a toothing (5), in which a manually operable pawl is brought into engagement, characterized in that (on the parking gear (1) at least one ring element (2) with external teeth 3) is applied such that the ring element (2) is releasably attached to the outer periphery of the parking lock gear (1) fixed, and that an internal toothing (4) is provided on the inner circumference of the ring element (2) in which serves as the engaging gear teeth (5 ) of the parking lock gear (1) engages.


The aim of this report is to disseminate ultrasound findings of meningoencephalitis in a dog, diagnosed by analysis of cerebrospinal fluid collected by guided-ultrasound puncture. The patient presented walking in circles, absence of bilateral threat reflex, decreased left eyelid reflex, divergent strabismus of the right eye, negative nasal sensation on the right side, and an increase in volume of skullcap with the presence of open fontanelle. The clinical suspicion was hydrocephalus and/or inflammatory/infectious disease. The distemper rapid test was negative. The hematological profile showed an increase in alanine aminotransferase enzyme. Ultrasound examination was performed with patient in sternal decubitus, using a linear transducer (9.0 MHz). Images were obtained in longitudinal and transverse sections through the temporal windows and bregmatic fontanelle. The presence of a marked anechogenic content with moderate amount of floating hyperechogenic spots was observed, with retraction and increased echogenicity of the brain. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected using the bregmatic fontanelle for ultrasound-guided puncture, under general anesthesia. Meningoencephalitis was indicated by mononucleated cells and red blood cells founded in cerebrospinal fluid analysis. However, the patient not return to start treatment and investigate the cause of the meningoencephalitis.


ABSTRACTDuring the period 1994–1996 in the Institute of Floriculture and Plant Protection Institute investigations were done to identify which virus diseases were spread in carnation. Except the mass infection of this flower crop by carnation mottle virus, in several varieties it was found carnation fecrotic fleck virus. This pathogen has not been detect up to now in Bulgaria. It was identified serologically by DAS ELISA, imnnmoelectron microcopy (ISEM) and reinfection on healthy carnation plants. There were observed some typical symptoms described by other researchers for this virus (2, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12). In the process of virus elimination by meristem tip culture, regenerants were twice tested by DAS ELISA. The virus was not detected in any of plantlets regenerated in vitro.


In this article is traced the process of development of organs of the search in Russian of XV-XVII century. The struggle with crimes and criminals by Codes of laws of XV-XVII century are conduct of the administrative-judicial bodies. In this article are presented historical forms of categories of persons and bodies, carrying out search and consequence: the police officers, the orders, the detectives. Article is of interest for historians, lawyers, students of legal high schools.


Traditionally, LISREL confirmatory factor analytic measurement models are tested against a null model of total independence. Using randomly generated factors in a matrix of 46 aptitude tests, this investigation has shown that this approach is unlikely to reject even random factors. An alternative null model, based on a single general factor, is suggested. In addition, an index of model efficiency is introduced as a helpful adjunct to contemporary indices of overall fit. The helpfulness of these procedures is demonstrated in a confirmatory factor analysis based on Guilford's structure-of-the-intellect model.


This article roughly retrospects the idea of school voucher program proposed by Milton Friedman, lately developed by Peacock, Wiseman and Jencks. The reasons like privatization in education, deterioration of public schooling and school choice promote this program. Then taking a simple look at the ramification of voucher program and its value inclination and the practice of school voucher program in the USA and the problems existing in America. Finally, this paper introduces the school voucher program practiced in China and the enlightenments that school voucher program can offer to the education reform in China. With the idea and practice of school voucher program, the introduction of the market mechanism benefits the innovation of education fiscal system, the competition between schools, improvement of the education quality and parents' needs of school choice; it benefits the development of non-governmental education; it helps to build a better school governance situation. We should use two forms of constitutional transformation to ensure the widespread of school voucher program in China.


51 The Rockefeller University Press J. Cell Biol. Vol. 217 No. 1 51–63 https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201709072 Introduction Human cells express more than ∼10,000 different proteins at any given time (Kulak et al., 2017), the majority of which must fold (and often assemble) to well-defined, three-dimensional structures to allow a myriad of cellular functions. Although the native conformation of a given protein is encoded by its amino acid sequence (Anfinsen, 1973), in the cell many proteins require assistance by molecular chaperones and other factors to fold efficiently and at a biologically relevant time scale (Balchin et al., 2016). Moreover, proteins often need to retain structural flexibility or contain significant unstructured regions to function, leaving them at risk of misfolding and aggregation (Chiti and Dobson, 2017). Even otherwise stably folded proteins may unfold and possibly aggregate under stress conditions, such as elevated temperatures. Finally, as proteins become terminally misfolded, or are no longer functionally required, they must be degraded to avoid damaging effects of their continued presence. Maintaining an intact proteome (proteostasis) thus requires not only strict control of the initial production and folding of a protein but also its conformational maintenance, control of abundance and subcellular localization, and finally, disposal by degradation. A complex proteostasis network (PN) acts at each of these steps to maintain a balanced proteome linked by molecular chaperones of different classes as central players. These factors ensure de novo folding in a crowded cellular environment and maintain proteins in a soluble, nonaggregated state. Moreover, in conditions that disfavor folding or solubility, certain chaperones act to target misfolded proteins for degradation or spatial sequestration, thus protecting the rest of the proteome from aberrant interactions (Balchin et al., 2016; Sontag et al., 2017). Here, we describe the major pathways of cellular proteostasis and outline the challenges they face during aging and disease. We exemplify these processes using mainly the proteostasis pathways operating in the cytosol, where most cellular proteins are produced. The major exceptions are the proteins associated with the endomembrane system and secretory proteins. These polypeptides generally fold and assemble in the ER. Although the environment of the ER is oxidizing and differs in several aspects from the reducing cytosol, the core principles governing overall proteostatic balance apply (Skach, 2009; Gidalevitz et al., 2013). Rather than focusing on specific disease states, we discuss common themes that have been shown to be relevant across multiple systems, suggesting a conserved and intimate linkage of proteostasis with the aging process and associated pathologies.


A method for producing photographic stills comprises producing a video signal by electronic high resolution scanning of the object to be photographed, writing the video signal into intermediate storage and reading the signal out of intermediate storage to write a photographic still, the time for writing the video signal into intermediate storage being shorter than the time for writing the still. An apparatus for producing photographic stills includes a electronic camera tube and a permanent storage means into which the video signal provided by the camera is written more rapidly than it is read out. The apparatus may also include an inverting video signal storage unit and associated repetition generator.


ABSTRACT The LitR/CarH family of proteins is a light-sensitive MerR family of transcriptional regulators that contain an adenosyl B12 (coenzyme B12 or AdoB12)-binding domain at the C terminus. The genes encoding these proteins are found in phylogenetically diverse bacterial genera; however, the biochemical properties of these proteins from Gram-positive bacteria remain poorly understood. We performed genetic and biochemical analyses of a homolog of the LitR protein from Bacillus megaterium QM B1551, a Gram-positive endospore-forming soil bacterium. Carotenoid production was induced by illumination in this bacterium. In vivo analysis demonstrated that LitR plays a central role in light-inducible carotenoid production and serves as a negative regulator of the light-inducible transcription of crt and litR itself. Biochemical evidence showed that LitR in complex with AdoB12 binds to the promoter regions of litR and the crt operon in a light-sensitive manner. In vitro transcription experiments demonstrated that AdoB12-LitR inhibited the specific transcription of the crt promoter generated by a σA-containing RNA polymerase holoenzyme under dark conditions. Collectively, these data indicate that the AdoB12-LitR complex serves as a photoreceptor with DNA-binding activity in B. megaterium QM B1551 and that its function as a transcriptional repressor is fundamental to the light-induced carotenoid production. IMPORTANCE Members of the LitR/CarH family are AdoB12-based photosensors involved in light-inducible carotenoid production in nonphototrophic Gram-negative bacteria. Our study revealed that Bacillus LitR in complex with AdoB12 also serves as a transcriptional regulator with a photosensory function, which indicates that the LitR/CarH family is generally involved in the light-inducible carotenoid production of nonphototrophic bacteria.


Introduction. 1. Sovereignty as Discourse 2. Analytical Strategies 3. From Object of Observation to Object of Intervention 4. Sovereignty and Intervention 5. From Object of Concern to Object of Non-Intervention 6. Sovereignty and Non-Intervention 7. Contrasting Constitutions 8. Sovereignty Intervened: Conclusions and Further Perspectives


Based on analysis of the characteristics of river ecology and the influence of hydraulic projects on rivers, suggestions were put forward for construction of green project.


To explore the behavior description method of sensor network system in ambient intelligence environment, this paper introduced the basic characteristics of ambient intelligence system, analyzed the architecture and basic functions of sensor network system. Moreover, an implementation scheme of the sensor network system is proposed based on the study above. This research indicates that the ambient intelligence is a complicated real-time system with perceptive function and implicit wireless communication ability, which centered on users and targeted at providing humanized and intellectualized service. Based on the behavioral analysis of the ambient intelligence system, a behavior model of perception system is established in system-level perspective by using the system-level modeling language of POOSL, tools included SHESim as well as the modeling method.


When I was a resident, my leader taught me that the gold standard forpatients with stress incontinence is the Marshall–Marchetti–Krantz(MMK) procedure. But a few years later, urologists who could performadvanced techniques showed me needle suspension as the best methodat a urological meeting. Fortunately my boss gave me a chance for ahand-to-hand lesson of the stamay procedure by the specialist. Sincethen, I have been selecting this procedure for a few years. Withoutdoubt, this needle suspension was the gold standard at that time.But now most urologists do not select this technique because of badresults. After I had mastered the technique of tension-free vaginal tape(TVT), I could see the smiling faces of patients after the operation. Atthat time I believed that TVT would be the gold standard for thiscondition. But the present status is what you know.Recently most specialists, including myself, believe that using'mesh' is the best operation for patients with pelvic organ prolapse. Isthis tendency good for the patients in the long run? No one can predictthe results of this procedure more than ten years from now.God knows what procedure will be the gold standard in the future.Assistant Professor Yasuyuki Suzuki


Methods for modifying polypeptide agents to enhance their transdermal electrotransport flux are provided. The polypeptide is modified by reducing the potential of the polypeptide for forming alpha -helical or beta -sheet segments. In particular, amino acid residues known to stabilize alpha -helical and beta -sheet segments can be replaced with destabilizing residues and known helix breakers. Modified molecules and compositions including the molecules are also provided.


Objective:To investigate the prevalent condition of dental anxiety among pregnant women.Method:The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale(MDAS) was used to assess dental anxiety level of 301 pregnant women in Hefei City.The correlations of dental anxiety with sociodemographic variables and dental visiting habits were analyzed.Result:The mean MDAS score was 13.60 ± 4.14.About 32.6 % of the study population has scored 15 or more.Subjects of 35 years old and above,lower levels of education and income,introverted personality,never visited a dentist within the last three years and recent dental visit for pain or another problem had higher MDAS scores(P 0.01).Conclusion: Dental anxiety was widespread among pregnant women.The anxiety level was associated with many factors.Dental practitioners should pay close attention to pregnant patients.


The genetic diagnostic method of virion capture (VC)/RT-PCR was developed for the simultaneous detection of three rod shaped viruses of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus(KGMMV) and Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV) transmitted by seed in Cucurbit. Out of 12 primer combinations for the three tobamoviruses, a primer set of CGMMV-C724, KGMMV-K513 and ZGMMV-Z407A was useful for mono and triplex VC/RT-PCR. The triplex VC/RT-PCR for the three tobamovirus in Cucurbit could detect specifically without interference among primers and/or plant species of watermelon, gourd, cucumber, melon, pumpkin, squash and Nicotiana benthamiana.


JOHN RlOYER (Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Texas) : In an original report given in 1952l on the use of chlormerodrin (Neohydrin), our response rate was 90 per cent in outpatient use; that is, 90 per cent of the patients with heart failure were controlled just as well with 6 tablets of Neohydrin given daily in divided doses by the oral roun as they were with 2 C.C. of meralluride sodium solution (RIercuhydrin) given parenterally 3 times a week. Now, after 4 years of follow-up, we still obtain a response rate that is nearly identical with that of 89.5 per cent just reported by Evans. This indicates that the drug is just as effective in long-term use as the short-term studies suggested. One frequently overlooked fact about intractable heart failure is that it is usually evidence of a deteriorating cardiac disease. Heart failure is a progressive disease in which, finally, there comes 5 time when the patient will not respond to any therapy, no matter how hard the therapist looks for alterations in the plasma concentration of sodium, chloride, and other electrolytes as being responsible for the condition. Depleted serum electrolytes usually indicate a deteriorated cardiovascular status, and the prognosis is usually unfavorable even if the serum electrolytes are corrected by such measures as the administration of 5 per cent sodium chloride. I should also like to discuss the difference in the acute dosage-response curve between acetazoleamide (Diamox) and Neohydrin. The maximum diuresis after the administration of Diamox is achieved a t a dose of about 125 to 250 mg. Higher doses, up to 2 gm. (8 tablets) a day, can be given without producing an additional diuresis, as shown in FIGURE 1. Therefore one cannot keep increasing the dose of Diamox in the patient with moderate to severe heart failure and expect an increasingly effective diuresis to follow. . On the contrary, when the dose of Neohydrin is increased above the 60 mg. Hg equivalent dose, an increasingly greater diuretic response is observed (FIGURES 1 and 2) . This suggests that, in the patient with mild heart failure, both Diamox and Neohydrin are adequate, insofar as loss of weight is concerned, when these drugs can be given intermittently. However, when maximum diuresis is desired in the patient with severe heart failure, Diamox is of limited value, and Neohydrin is by far the superior oral diuretic. The dosage-response curves obtained from studies on Riercuhydrin, Diamox, Neohydrin, and AIersoben confirm the previous observations of Greiner and Gold4 that llercuhydrin produces a dosage-response curve showing a geometric progression between doses of 0.5 and 2 c.c., which are equivalent to 20 to 80 mg. Hg. Increasing the dose above this level produces very little additional diuresis. Alersoben and Rlercuhydrin follow a similar and parallel dosage-response curve, but hlersoben appears to be more potent than hlercuhydrin. When hlersoben, given parenterally, is compared with Neohydrin, given


Recent results from a virtual Compton scattering experiment performed at the MIT‐Bates out‐of‐plane scattering facility are presented. In this experiment the mean square polarizability radii of the proton have been measured for the first time The response functions, PLL‐ PTT/e and PLT, and the generalized polarizabilities, α(Q2) and β(Q2), are obtained from a dispersion analysis of the data at Q2=0.057 GeV2/c2. The results are in good agreement with O(p3) heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. The data support the dominance of mesonic effects in the polarizabilities.


Even though wireless technology has grasped widely on the business to consumer market, there is an emerging curiosity occurring in the business to business market. Wireless technology is gradually transforming businesses in every type, from micro-level enterprises to large Multinational Corporations. No matter how powerful the computer is on the employee desktop, the moment they walkout, it has no value. Companies can gain unleash benefits through mobilizing enterprises using wireless technology. Enterprise mobility is a powerful business tool to enhance organizational performance while giving better balance to employees' careers and personal life. Most of the time employees do not know what they really want. They are not being able to imagine things that are too far out. Therefore, engaged leadership is vital for mobility execution. The core element of the change is not the strategy, structure, or culture. It is always about changing behaviour of the people. Every successful technological implementation is followed by an engaged leadership. Leaders are change agents; they drive the change in the organization for the betterment of their constituents. Leaders provide new vision and give people hope in the light of their future prospect. This paper examines the impact of enterprise mobility on corporate leadership practices in an information and communication technology (ICT) space. Moreover, it emphasizes on how leaders should embrace enterprise mobility as their key strategy for change in the new digital economy. The empirical analysis is based on qualitative research method and successful case analysis. The data is mainly based on a mixture of personal interviews, leadership surveys, expert opinions and secondary data sources. The finding suggests that successful execution of enterprise mobility will bring unleashed performance to organizations irrespective of the size and the nature. Keywords: Enterprise Mobility, Leadership, Wireless Technology For full paper: firstname.lastname@example.com


The chemical composition of river waters gives a measure of the atmospheric CO2 fixed by chemical weathering processes. Since the dominating factors controlling these processes are lithology and runoff, as well as uplift and erosion, we introduce a new simplified geo-lithological map of the Alps (Alpine-Geo-LiM) that adopted a lithological classification compliant with the methods most used in literature for estimating the consumption of atmospheric CO2 by chemical weathering. The map was used together with published alkalinity data of the 33 main Alpine rivers (1) to investigate the relationship between bicarbonate concentration in the sampled waters and the lithologies of the corresponding drained basins, and (2) to quantify the atmospheric CO2 consumed by chemical weathering. The analyses confirm (as known by the literature) that carbonates are lithologies highly prone to consuming atmospheric CO2. Moreover, the analyses show that sandstone (which could have a nonnegligible carbonate component) plays an important role in consuming atmospheric CO2. Another result is that in multilithological basins containing lithologies more prone to consuming atmospheric CO2, the contribution of igneous rocks to the atmospheric CO2 consumption is negligible. Alpine-Geo-LiM has several novel features when compared with published global lithological maps. One novel feature is due to the attention paid in discriminating metamorphic rocks, which were classified according to the chemistry of protoliths. The second novel feature is that the procedure used for the definition of the map was made available on the Web to allow the replicability and reproducibility of the product.


In addition to the recognition site for glutamate, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-preferring glutamate receptor subtype shows a binding site for glycine. In this paper, we present the effects of 3-(4,6-dichloro-2-carboxymethylamino-5,7-dichloroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (MDL 29951), a potent inhibitor of glycine binding to the NMDA receptor, on glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from bovine brains. The incubation of GDH isoproteins from bovine brains with MDL 29951 resulted in a dose-dependent loss of enzyme activity Separately or together, 2-oxoglutarate and NADH did not give an efficient protection against the inhibition, indicating that GDH isoproteins saturated with NADH or 2-oxoglutarate are still open to attack by MDL 29951. MDL 29951 was an uncompetitive inhibitor with respect to both 2-oxoglutarate and NADH for GDH isoproteins. These results suggest that the binding site of MDL 29951 is not directly located at the catalytic site, and the inhibition of GDH isoproteins by MDL 29951 is probably due to a steric hindrance, or a conformational change altered upon the interaction of the enzyme with its inhibitor. The inhibitory effects of MDL 29951 on GDH isoproteins were significantly diminished in the presence of ADP. GDH I reacted more sensitively with ADP than GDH II on the inhibition by MDL 29951. Our results suggest a possibility that the two types of GDHs are differently regulated by MDL 29951, depending on the physiological concentrations of ADP.


ethods: Sixty patients who participated in the study were ranomly separated into 3 groups. Group 1 received intraperitoneal evobupivacaine (0.25% 40 mL) immediately after the pneumoeritoneum. Group 2 received preoperative periportal (0.25% 5 mL n each trochar incision area) levobupivacaine before incision and ntraperitoneal levobupivacaine (0.25% 40 mL) immediately after he pneumoperitoneum. Group 3 received for local infiltration and ntraperitoneal instillation normal saline (NS). The visual analogue nd verbal rating pain scores at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours for both houlder and abdominal pain were recorded in a prospective doule-blind fashion at the first 24 postoperative hours. Analgesia equirements, vital signs, and incidence of nausea and vomiting ere also recorded.


I have been asked to contribute to this volume primarily, I suspect, in order to serve as the voice of the Christian East. While it is perhaps a little odd for a California boy, and coming thus from the uttermost West, to present himself as an "Oriental," I nonetheless welcome this opportunity to speak on behalf of an entire Christian universe of theological discourse which, up until recent centuries at least, took shape independently of the Western (Roman Catholic and Protestant) traditions, and, in particular, with no input whatsoever from the great Father of Western theology, Augustine of Hippo. It is, of course, St. Augustine's elaboration and defense of the double procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and the Son which, long after the saint's death (his writings were not translated into Greek until the end of the thirteenth century), provoked heated controversy between medieval Greek and Latin theologians. No single issue between Christian East and West, including the debate over the nature of papal primacy, has led to such an outpouring of polemic as the Western filioque. Indeed, it continues to the present day. I have no particular wish to dive into this sea of ink, and have so far in my life happily avoided even wading on its shores. Few things so depress the spirit (and occlude the Spirit!) as this seemingly endless controversial literature which, beginning with the Carolingian divines of the late eighth century, now boasts a history of over 1200 yearswith no end to it in sight. What I do want to do, however, is offer a very modest suggestion as to why, aside from the more abstruse realms of divine causation, such as the quarrel over one or two sources of origin in the Trinity, or over the more rarified heights of Augustine's analogy of the intellect (mens) for the mutual relations of the Three, Eastern Christians reacted so viscerally, almost instinctively, against the Spirit as proceeding from the Father and Son. To be sure, there were and are lots of other factors in play: the ancient linkage between the filioque and the legitimacy or illegitimacy of the Carolingian and Byzantine empires, or of papal primacy once the popes had committed themselves to the credal addition, or simply the very human reality of an underdog East asserting itself against the ever more massive material, intellectual, and institutional might of the West. None of these interests me, at least for the purposes of this essay. What does, though, is the very long, indeed unbroken tradition of Eastern Christian spirituality, and especially the great role played in it by the thought and practice of early Christian Syria, whose Jewish roots are well known and are lately coming under increasing scholarly investigation. One instance of this influence, only now beginning to be perceived, is that of the Cappadocian Fathers-Basil the Great, Gregory Nazianzus, and Gregory of Nyssa-whose own influence on Eastern pneumatology and triadology is universally admitted and standard fare in the manuals. This is a vast subject, so for the purposes of one necessarily brief essay allow me to focus on a single passage from the writings of the middle Cappadocian, Gregory Nazianzus, called "the Theologian" in the East out of gratitude for his enormously influential and successful Five Theological Orations, given in defense of Trinitarian doctrine in Constantinople just prior to the Ecumenical Council of 381. The passage in question comes about a third of the way through Gregory's fifth oration, "On the Spirit." He is struggling to explain the difference between the procession (ekporeusis) of the Spirit and the generation (gennesis) of the Son, in order to avoid the twin absurdities of the Son and Spirit as brothers, on the one hand, or the Father as "grandfather" on the other. This is, of course, the point where Augustine's analogies in De trinitate came into play: the Spirit as "love" and "gift" linking "Lover" (Father) and "Beloved" (the Son), or the analogy of the intellect, with will (Spirit) as flowing from memory (Father) and intelligence (Son). …


Background: Besides the fact that dentists are more prone to covid-19, pediatric dentists can be considered under further more risk due to their
unique characteristic of their working conditions and demands. Upgrading the knowledge and adapting to the new realities has become the high
priority and mandatory obligation for pediatric dentists. Purpose: To evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of pediatric dentists in treating the
children during COVID -19. Methods: This report is based on a questionnaire that was conducted among 100 pediatric dentists. The questionnaire
consisting of demographic data and questions aiming to assess the knowledge and change in attitude of pediatric dentists in treating children during
this pandemic was prepared and circulated through Google doc among the pediatric dentists. The Results were obtained and the data was tabulated
and analysed. Results: Out of a total of 100 responses, there were 37 males and 73 females. Qualication distribution revealed 73% as students
pursuing post graduation in the department of pediatric dentistry and 27% as practicing pediatric dental specialists (MDS). Majority of pediatric
dentists included in the study were following the new COVID norms such as verifying the usage of Arogya sethu app, following social distancing in
waiting area, one attendant for one child rule, hand sanitisation temperature check-up and pre procedural mouth rinses. Conclusion: Awareness
regarding COVID-19 among study participants was good. Pediatric dentists are considering upgrading PPE kits child friendly, restricted play area
and updating their knowledge and for prociency in treating children during this pandemic.


Social innovation is an effective response to changing social demands in welfare societies. By reshaping social interactions in welfare provision, it essentially aims at building a new and more participative wellbeing, namely "the enabling welfare state", without causing any decline in welfare rights of citizens. The European Union, in this sense, started a rigorous transition process to social innovative strategies in welfare provision in the beginning of 2000s. Hungary, as an outstandingly emerging economy of its region, also launched social innovation programs to make not only the market, but also citizens, community and local authorities more active in the co-provision of welfare. Even though social innovation strategies have not spread over the whole country yet, Hungary seems to have sufficient capacity and resources to make social innovation an effective part of "co-provision of welfare" or to turn itself an "enabling welfare state" in the near future.


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The prevalence of corruption in Indonesia is alleged to have occurred in all fields and sectors of development, while Islamic boarding schools are dormitories where students study together under the auspices of kyai and nyai mothers, as well as ustadz and clerics who teach many traditional religious sciences, by instilling an attitude of Tawadhu'. From here, the good character of the nation's successor can be cultivated into an Islamic person and has a high sense of Nationalism and follows the rules of Religion and the State. In accordance with the purpose of the Islamic Boarding School, which is an educational institution that aims to form students to become independent and have good morals. By applying the habit of being honest, responsible, disciplined both for oneself and the environment with the assessment method, group discussion forums, pre-tests, lectures and questions and answers, where the results of this service are santri as centers of service to print the character of the nation's successors without corruption, as well as a center for disseminating very significant anti-corruption values.


Bacteria are infected by mobile genetic elements like plasmids and virulent phages, and those infections significantly impact bacterial ecology and evolution. Recent discoveries reveal that some plasmids carry anti-phage immune systems like CRISPR-Cas, suggesting that plasmids may participate in the coevolutionary arms-race between virulent phages and bacteria. Intuitively, this seems reasonable as virulent phages kill the plasmid's obligate host. However, the efficiency of CRISPR-Cas systems carried by plasmids can be expected to be lower than those carried by the chromosome due to continuous segregation loss, creating susceptible cells for phage amplification. To evaluate the anti-phage protection efficiency of CRISPR-Cas on plasmids, we develop a stochastic model describing the dynamics of a virulent phage infection against which a conjugative plasmid defends using CRISPR-Cas. We show that CRISPR-Cas on plasmids provides robust protection, except in limited parameter-sets. In these cases, high segregation favours phage outbreaks by generating a population of defenceless cells on which the phage can evolve and escape CRISPR-Cas immunity. We show that the phage's ability to exploit segregation loss depends strongly on the evolvability of both CRISPR-Cas and the phage itself.


In distributed computing, the peer-to-peer paradigm enables two or more entities to collaborate spontaneously in an overlay network of equals (peers) by using appropriate information and communication schemes without the necessity for central coordination. The key concept of the peer-to-peer paradigm is leveraging idle resources to do something useful, based on a collaborative approach. The increasing academic and industrial interest is resulting in the definition of standards and writing of patents. In this paper we propose a categorization for the peer-to-peer overlay schemes and a survey of the most popular ones, comparing each other with respect to effectiveness and security. Most of them have been or are being used in content sharing systems, that over the last few years have enjoyed explosive popularity. Others are used in parallel and distributed computing, massively multi-player gaming, Internet streaming, ambient intelligence, etc. Considering such a wide range of applications, we discuss the importance of reputation management in supporting trust management among peer participants.


Forty years ago, more than 90% of bird species were classified as monogamous and not very exciting systems for studies of e.g. sexual selection. Since then, the discovery of extra-pair paternity (EPP) in more than 75% of surveyed monogamous bird species has made avian monogamy, and the interaction between social and genetic mating systems in general, a challenging and attractive area of research. Despite three decades of research on EPP in birds, however, many questions and controversies remain unresolved. This thesis contributes to the understanding of mechanisms and adaptive reasons, primarily from the female's perspective, for the highly diverse frequencies of EPP in birds. First, in a population of the common redshank (Tringa totanus), a wader for which the genetic mating system has not been described previously, a surprising absence of EPP is demonstrated (I). Presumably, some female preor postcopulatory resistance to extra-pair fertilisations is present. The potential mechanisms and adaptive significance of this is discussed in relation to redshank ecology and behaviour. In the three following papers (II-IV), assumptions and predictions of hypothesized female benefits from EPP are addressed. In sand martins (Riparia riparia), there were no indications that extra-pair fertilisations resulted in genetic benefits (e.g. heterozygosity or 'good genes') (II). Paper III tests an assumption related to the genetic compatibility hypothesis, i.e. that overall heterozygosity leads to increased chick survival; this did not seem to be the case in Kentish plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus). In northern lapwings (Vanellus vanellus), the indirect benefits hypothesis is partly supported by a positive association between EPP and brood sex ratio (IV). As predicted by the differential sex allocation hypothesis, broods with extra-pair offspring contained a higher proportion of sons than broods without extrapair young. As for the yet unknown mechanism of sex determination in birds, an unusual case of a fertile, triploid Kentish plover female is presented and discussed with regard to the two present major hypotheses for sex-determination (VI). Finally, as an alternative or additional interpretation of what appears to be brood sex ratio adjustment by the female, the often neglected effect of differential mortality is discussed (V).


A morphology-based method for an estimation of TOF mobility values in prototypic conjugated polymer PEDOT/PSS complex has been developed. The performed research demonstrates that the DDFT-based PEDOT density fields present the real morphology of the complex under study. The developed method enables to estimate the charge carrier mobility values in the PEDOT/PSS complex in the range of PSS/PEDOT mass ratios 1.4-20.0 reflecting anisotropy, PEDOT concentration and ordering effects.


This is the report of a Healthy City Forum entitled
"A Community DevelopmentApproach to Health Visiting" held on Saturday 11th April 1992 in the Parish Hall in Glasgow.


Computer threats have gradually become the Achilles heel of the modern world, tearing tendon from bone in high security enterprise information systems and desktop computers alike. Even the most ardent advocates of computer security acknowledge the failure of our best practices to save us from grave injury.


Fluorinated methoxy arenes are emerging as important motifs in both agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. A novel technique for the synthesis of monofluoromethoxy arenes through the direct fluorodecarboxylation of carboxylic acids was developed that uses photosensitizers and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI). Utilization of the oxidatively mild fluorine transfer agent NFSI enabled the synthesis of fluoromethyl ethers that were previously inaccessible with decarboxylative fluorinations performed with Selectfluor. Mechanistic studies are consistent with the photosensitizer effecting oxidation of the aryloxyacetic acid.


OBJECTIVE
To study the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) of normal eye and the correlation with age.

METHODS
RNFLT of 198 cases of normal eyes were examined by using nerve fiber analyzer (NFA).

RESULTS
There were significant inverse linear correlation between the RNFLT and age (r = -0.46, P < 0.01). In the analysis by the quadrant, the RNFLT was correlated with age in the superior and inferior quadrant. The mean ratio of superior and inferior quadrant thickness (S/I) was 1.041.

CONCLUSION
NFA seems to be an useful tool to measure the RNFLT quantitatively. The RNFLT of normal eye is found to be decreased with age.


The variation of the root volume and root surface area at different growth stages was studied with two naked oat varieties,Pin-5 (late maturity) and Bayou-1(early maturity).The results showed that the changes of root volume of early and late maturity varieties were similar.It could be divided into three stages,including rapidly increasing stage(from jointing period to heading and flowering period),slowly declining stage(from heading and flowering period to grain filling period),and slowly rising stage(from grain filling period to mature period).Research on the root volume and root surface area of different soil layers showed that continued growth of root in 30~90 cm soil layer caused root surface area and root volume to increase slowly after grain filling.In the mid-late period of the late maturity of naked oats,there were extremely significant positive correlations between root volume,root surface area and root dry weight,etc.The traits of early maturity of naked oats displayed significant positive correlations except root dry and root surface area in the mid-late period.


The polarization properties of carbon-containing compositional structures obtained by 3D printing method in extremely high frequency (EHF) range were investigated. Values of the complex dielectric constant of the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic and carbon-containing ABS plastic at frequency range of 115-258 GHz were obtained. The angular dependences of the transmittance of composite structures based on the dielectric matrix and ordered carbon-containing plastic structures at frequency range of 62-128 GHz were presented.


PPIs for more than a year; for the rest of the patients, no prescription data were available prior to joining the pharmacy service. The mean number of drugs prescribed per patient was 8.3±5, 1.2% were being treated with an NSAID, 42.3% were taking acetylsalicylic acid concomitantly at antiplatelet doses and 3.8% were given bisphosphonates. The prevalence of patients being treated with a PPI and with a history of fracture was 48.7%. Conclusion and relevance There was a high prevalence of patients without a clear indication for the prescription of PPIs in the GHC. This makes it necessary to review the treatments to assess possible deprescription of these drugs. In addition, their administration could be related to an increased risk of fractures due to its high prevalence.


A study is made of industrialization and the transition in economic structure as it has affected a remote peripheral region of Finland with a predominantly resource‑based economy over the last twenty years or so. The empirical resultsare used to interpret and develop theory of regional development adequate for describing the transition of this peripheral region from an area dominated by primary‑sector production to one characterized by industry and the service sector. The resource‑based peripheral region concerned is the province of Northern Karelia. A region‑level core‑periphery system is outlined in which the organization of the economy, the division of labour, performance potential and environmental relations are examined by regional and spatial analysis and resource analysis. A model is developed for evaluating the performance potential of an economy and proposing alternative paths of development. Development in a periphery is regulated by external impulses (demand, regional policy, etc.) together with the distinctive features imposed on the economy by its past history. This development can be explained by reference to rationalization in resource processing sectors, profitability difficulties, poor growth propensity and special characteristics of the division of labour and the adoption of new technology. The combined effect of these factors, termed here the periphery syndrome, leads to differences in affluence and in general to regional differentiation in the economy. The syndrome is dynamic in nature. The principal problems following the economic transition are shifting away from rationalization in agriculture and towards the structure of industry itself. The resource periphery is becoming an industrial periphery. The conclusions comprise a set of eight conceptual systems of factors which should be taken into account when studying economic transition and industrialization in peripheral regions. These concern development with respect to population, rationalization, regional policy, the spatial division of labour, spatial cost structures, demand, entrepreneurship and resource and environment factors and the influence of these on regional development in the periphery in question. The differences in development between the sectors of industry are of significance for regional development as a whole, and allowance should be made for these in the theory. Where theories of development in resource peripheries tend to represent outcomes of a number of external and internal factors and ones applying to individual sectors, the explanatory model evolved here comprises theo retical concepts of a number of different types. Normal 0 21 false false false FI X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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We study the nuclear quadrupolar interaction using a resistively-detected NMR device. The nuclear spins are dynamically polarized in a sub-micron scale region defined by split gates. In pulsed NMR spectra for 69Ga and 75As nuclei, three distinct peaks are observed. The peak splitting depends on the electric quadrupolar coupling constant EQ. By comparing the spectra of both nuclei, we find that the relative peak intensity is opposite, which is independent of the condition for the dynamic nuclear spin polarization. This result indicates that the electric-field gradient in EQ has opposite sign at 69Ga and 75As nuclear site. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The GRACE mission consists of two identical satellites orbiting the Earth at an altitude of ∼500 km. Dual-frequency carrier-phase Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers are flying on both satellites. They are used for precise orbit determination and to time-tag the K-band ranging system used to measure changes in the distances between the two satellites. The satellites are also flying ultra-stable oscillators (USOs) to achieve the mission's need for short-term (<1 s) oscillator stability. Because of the high quality of both the GPS receivers and the oscillators, relativistic effects in the GRACE GPS data can be examined. An expression is developed for relativistic effects that explicitly includes the effects of the Earth's oblateness (J2). Use of this expression significantly reduces the twice per orbital period energy in the GRACE clock solutions, indicating that the effect of J2 can be significant and should be modeled for satellite clocks in low Earth orbit. After relativistic effects have been removed, both GRACE USOs show large (2 ns to 3 ns) once per orbital period signatures that correlate with voltage variations on the spacecraft.


In order to improve water quality through water resources scheduling,the river network quantity and quality models of the Huangpu River network and the Chongming Island river network were used in this study.Based on the analysis and assessment of current effects of water resources scheduling in Shanghai City,the optimization schemes of water resources regionalization scheduling were studied,considering the configuration of diversion and drainage water gates,the opening and closing of water gates,and the water level controlling conditions.Through comparison of different schemes with different amounts of water diversion and drainage,and different water quality improvement effects,optimized water resources regionalization scheduling schemes were established and their effects were identified.The results show that,using the optimized schemes,the concentration of COD decreased by 3.1% to 16.9% on average,and the concentration of NH3-N decreased by 3.4% to 28.1%on average.The river network area where the concentration of COD was inferior to class V decreased by 37.1%,and the area where the concentration of COD was at class III increased by 33.4%.The river network area where the concentration of NH3-N was inferior to class V decreased by 9.4%,and the area where the concentration of NH3-N was between class III and IV increased by 25.9 % to 31.0%.


Objective Titanium oxide (TiO2) acts as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy by mediating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TiO2 on ER stress in liver cancer cells. Methods Normal human liver and human hepatocarcinoma cell lines were incubated with various concentrations of TiO2 nanotubes for 48 hours. Cell growth, apoptosis, cell cycle, and cellular ROS were detected. Expression levels of ER stress sensors (PERK and ATF6) and Bax were evaluated by western blot. The effect of TiO2 on liver cancer growth was also investigated in mice in vivo. Results TiO2 inhibited cell growth, increased apoptosis and cellular ROS levels, and arrested the cell cycle in G1 stage in liver cancer cells. TiO2 also increased PERK, ATF6, and Bax expression levels in liver cancer cells in dose-dependent manners. TiO2 had no significant effect on cell growth, apoptosis, ROS level, cell cycle distribution, or PERK, ATF6, or Bax expression in normal liver cells. TiO2 administration reduced tumor volume and increased PERK, Bax, and ATF6 expression levels in tumor tissues in vivo. Conclusions TiO2 nanoparticles increased ROS-induced ER stress and activated the PERK/ATF6/Bax axis in liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.


Theories of the state are unable to explain intrastate variation in policy implementation because they tend to focus on the highest levels of the state hierarchy and ignore local-state institutions. Race-relations theories ignore the state entirely. This research views the local state as constrained by the superordinate national state and by local class structures. The racial nature of the local state, here termed the racial state, was designed and defended by plantation operators and white farm owners. Institutional features of the racial state conformed to the interests of planters and white farmers. These two classes also impeded the national state's dismantling of the racial state during the 1960s. Racial differences in enfranchisement were closely articulated with the local class structures typical of labor-intensive cotton agriculture rather than with competition and status variables suggested by race-relations theories.


In the recent years, the electric vehicles have drawn great attention worldwide as a feasible solution for clean transportation. The charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is expanding throughout the world, encouraged by large investments from the automotive industry, to reduce carbon emissions. The purpose of this paper is to design the shell of an electrical vehicle charger by using polymeric composite materials. The manufacturing technology is proposed and the analysis of the product behaviour during the wind action in extreme conditions is presented. The paper includes studies and research regarding the design, the manufacturing and the simulation for the action of wind upon the product�s walls. The simulations are performed for the actual used material (ordinary sheet steel) and for the proposed composite material in order to compare the results. The composite material seems to be an adequate solution for the electric charger shell.


In the era of big data, cloud computing, and machine learning, this has become essential to promote the better development of ideological and political education (IPE) in institutions and universities. In fact, we must pay close devotion to the integration and utilization of online teaching resources, take full benefits of the assistances of big data, machine learning, and continuously collect and sort resources that are conducive to IPE in higher vocational academies, so as to optimize the educational process. In fact, the resource allocation within the context of the IPE is not well-addressed in the existing literature; and the allocation of resources is quite unreasonable. In higher vocational education, the form and content of the IPE will enhance its effectiveness. In this paper, we use the ant colony algorithm to efficiently obtain the solution set for resource allocation, thereby addressing the issues of unreasonable allocation of IPE resources and inefficient testing. In addition, the local search method is incorporated into the ant colony optimization technique to perform a local search on the solution set of the obtained resource allocation in order to increase the algorithm's performance. On the standard test set, algorithm comparison experimentations are carried out to validate the efficacy and efficiency of the suggested algorithm.


Public and private sector managers make investment decisions under uncertainty. Economic efficiency requires that managers who wish to maximize expected utility use NPV. A field test reports that a lower proportion of public managers (20%) utilize NPV than private managers (46%). This difference is significant at p = .01 in both logistic regression and chi-square tests for three competing, but not mutually exclusive, reasons. First, taxpayers are a primary source of capital. Taxation decisions are primarily political events and inefficiency is less likely to be disciplined by capital withdrawal. Second, it is more difficult to estimate expected benefits and costs. Third, investment decisions are often the result of political, not economic, processes. The objective may not be maximization of NPV.


The effectiveness of the chemical herding of crude oil, an enhancement for oil spill response methods, was studied in ice-infested waters to evaluate the applicability to oil spills in Arctic waters. The average slick thickness, surface coverage distribution of the slicks, as well as the burning efficiency of a North Sea crude oil were studied after herding to determine the herder effectiveness as a function of the ice coverage, amount of herder, wind speed and use of free floating or fixed ice. Experiments were performed in a small scale laboratory setup, featuring a 1.0x1.0x0.5 m water basin (1 m surface area), and in an outdoor test basin of 4.0x4.0x0.05 m (16 m surface area) in Sisimiut, Greenland. The chemical herder, which is a surfactant that spreads out to form a monolayer, was distributed equally (150 μL/m oil) among the edges of the water surface after the crude oil had spread out, to compact and thicken the oil slick. Objects on the water surface were shown to have a negative effect on this process, distributing up to 25% of the total oil among additional small oil slicks as compared to the formation of a single oil slick on open water. The average slick thickness of the herded oil reached up to approximately 6 mm and the oil slicks could easily be ignited. However, the formation of additional slicks reduced the burning efficiency by at least 8%, as some of the smaller slicks did not participate in the burning. Burning times were also increased significantly as separate slicks needed to be ignited one at a time. The results showed that while the herding process is effective because it thickens the oil slick to an ignitable thickness, its effectiveness was reduced with increasing ice concentrations on the water surface. Current herding and in-situ burning logistics would need to adapt to the formation and burning of multiple oil slicks in ice-infested waters common in the Arctic environment in order to achieve maximum efficiency.


Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether atrial expression of the collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and the isoforms of transforming growth factor beta (TGF β) is altered in patients with rheumatic heart disease and atrial fibrillation (AF) Methods A total of 49 patients with rheumatic heart disease were included Twenty patients had no history of AF, 8 patients had paroxysmal AF (pAF) and 21 had chronic persistent AF(≥6 months cAF) Atrial tissue was obtained from the right atrial appendage during valve replacement surgery Total RNA was isolated and reversely transcribed into cDNA In a semi quantitative polymerase chain reaction the cDNA of interest genes and the housekeeping gene β actin were coamplified and separated on an agarose gel by electrophoresis and stained with ethidium bromide The levels of mRNA expression were quantified by densitometry Results The amount of collagen Ⅰ/β actin was increased to 0 91 in pAF group( P =0 001) and to 1 21 in cAF group ( P 0 0001) compared to patients with sinus rhythm (0 58) The expression of collagen Ⅲ /β actin was increased to 0 98 in patients with pAF ( P =0 011) and to 1 24 in those with cAF ( P 0 0001) compared to patients with sinus rhythm (0 69) The expression of TGF β 1 /β actin was increased to 0 46 and to 0 68 in patients with pAF ( P =0 016) and those with cAF ( P 0 0001) respectively compared to patients with sinus rhythm (0 29) Compared with patients with pAF, the gene expression of collagen Ⅰ ( P =0 005), collagen Ⅲ ( P =0 036) and TGF β 1 ( P =0 003) in patients with cAF was also increased The TGF β 2 mRNA content was similar in all groups Conclusion The up regulation of collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ,TGF β 1 mRNA expression in human atria may have correlation with the initiation or maintenance of AF, and may contribute as a molecular mechanism for the development of atrial fibrosis in patients with rheumatic heart disease, which produces a structural basis for AF


The deployment of Quantum Key Distribution forces the development of QKD-links to be operated in current and next-generation photonic metro-access networks. These highly heterogeneous architectures determine the conditions QKD-links need to be optimized for.