Based on the conventional Navier-Stokes theory,the whole silicon substrate was included as the computation domain and was simulated by the commercial package FLUENT.The numerical result was validated by comparing the calculated temperature field with the experimentally measured one.The results show that there is almost no difference between different microchannels in terms of flow rate.However,the influence of different side-wall heat flux cannot be neglected,especially at higher heat power input.In addition,the side-wall heat flux distribution on triangular microchannels is very uneven in contrast to that on rectangular microchannels,and axial conduction exerts a large impact on heat flux distribution.There is little difference between the result based on constant average temperature and that which is caculated using properties.


The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a photomodulator PN (Positive-Negative) junction. The method comprises the following steps of: providing a substrate; exposing and etching the substrate to form a target optical waveguide and a modulator graph; carrying out light dope N-ion injection on the etched substrate; and carrying out light dope P-ion injection on the substrate subjected to the light dope N-ion injection by utilizing a second mask. Because only one mask needs to be used in the manufacture process, the manufacture cost for the PN junction in a photomodulator is saved, and alignment errors of the two masks during exposing are avoided.


Military coups and related problems of political control in Third World countries present a major obstacle to economic and social development. We evaluate a synthetic theory of military coups derived from political development theory, military centrality arguments, several theories of ethnic antagonism, and economic dependency theory. Using data on military interventions in 33 Black African states between 1957 and 1984, we carry out a LISREL analysis of the structural propensity for military coups. Wefind strong support for modernization and competition theories of ethnic antagonisms, military centrality theory and aspects of dependency theory. Political development theory is not supported. Ethnic diversity and competition, military centrality, debt dependence, and political factionalism are major predictors of coup activity. Military centrality is, in turn, rooted in the same underlying structures. Ethnic dominance is a stabilizing force creating social integration and weakening opposition. Intractable conflicts rooted in ethnic competition and economic dependence appear to create a structural contextfor military coups and related instabilities.


A 3 × 3 map of the Galactic center was made at 9' resolution and 10' spacing in the CH 2Π1/2, J = 1/2, F = 1-1 transition at 3335 MHz. The CH emission shows a velocity extent that is close to that of the CO(1-0) line, but the CH line profiles differ markedly from the CO. The 3335 MHz CH transition primarily traces low-density molecular gas in the high-density, high-pressure environment of the Galactic center interstellar medium. If the empirical N(CH)-N(H2) relation derived for molecular clouds in the disk is valid at the Galactic center, then our observations indicate that the mass of the low-density component within ~30 pc of the Galactic center is ~9 × 106 M☉. The CO-H2 conversion factor obtained for the low-density gas in the mapped region is greater than that thought to apply to the dense molecular gas at the Galactic center. The CH spectra show evidence of emission from molecular clouds along the line of sight in both the foreground and the background. The scale height of these clouds ranges from 27 to 109 pc, consistent with previous work based on observations of molecular clouds in the inner Galaxy.


Objective:Summarize the research achievement of aplastic anemia on the basis of Chinese medicine by using dialectical method and combined therapy of Chinese and Western medicine,for the purpose of suppling relevant reference and methods to clinical treatment.Method:Consult and summary correlative information,analysis and sum up it.Result:Basised on Chinese medicine which means diagnose from kidney,spleen,heart,blood,deficency and evil,take the method with combined therapy of Chinese and Western medicine on aplastic anemia,which takes kidney and spleen as the main point.Conclusion:The method with combined therapy of Chinese and Western medicine on aplastic anemia can offset the shortage and reduced the poison,it is better than using Western medicine only.It has a preferably clinical curative effect,low price and it will improve patients' quality of life.Therefore,we should accelerate our fundamental and clinical treatment research,and look forward to the future.


The student admission process is a critical step from both student and university perspectives. The students will benefit if the universities take admission decisions sooner rather than later, leaving them time to opt for another university in case of rejection. However, with the level of manual work involved in the student admission process, universities often take long durations for the admission decisions. Expediting the admission process using Data analytics starts new research across different tasks in educational institutes. The research presents a model to automate each step of the international student admission process in universities across the USA, using Data analytics. The model's distinguishing capability is that it performs both predictive and descriptive analytics to analyze different student's application sections and adapt to different admissions types with minor changes.


Although several isonuleoside triphosphates can be incorporated into the DNA chain and prolonged in various degrees,none of the corresponding nucleosides exhibited significant inhibitory potency against varies of virus in vitro.The active antiretroviral form of a nucleoside analog is its triphosphate anabolite.However,the monophosphorylation catalyzed by cellular kinases step is usually very restrictive.In order to bypass the first phosphorylation step,a series of isonuleoside analogues and their bis(isopropyl) monophosphates were designed and synthesized by selective microwave-aided method.The cell-based assay results showed that bis(isopropyl) isonucleoside monophosphates behaved improved potency against HSV-2 and HIV-1.


In order to determine the optimum executive conditions of the primary lining constructed in a time dependent soft rock tunnel, a theoretical method has been proposed. In this method, earth pressure, displacements and axial stresses of supports and shotcrete are calculated, and in which such factors are taken into account as (1) viscoelastic behavior of the ground, (2) advancing velocity of the tunnel face, (3) time dependency of the modulus of elasticity and the strength of the shotcrete, (4) elastoplastic behavior of the lining, (5) executive conditions of the lining.By appling the method to the highly time dependent ground, good applicability of the method has been shown through the comparison of analytical and field measurement results on earth pressure.Some considerations on reasonable executive conditions of the primary lining are given by performing parametric study.


The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to involve specialists in computer equipment in the process of investigation because the investigation and detection of computer crimes requires the analysis of computer information and its carriers. The characteristic features of examined objects determine, first of all, special rules for obtaining and registering them, as well as taking into consideration research methodology when ordering and conducting computer forensic examinations. Confiscation, examination, recording of computer information of evidential significance requires specialist knowledge. In this connection, it is necessary to involve specialists and (or) experts in the process of investigation, detection and prevention of computer crimes. The latent character of computer crimes, a wide use of remote assess, the absence of visual perception of virtual objects and other factors hinder the collection of computer information. Thus, ordering and conducting different types of computer forensic examination play a special role in the investigation, detection and prevention of crimes. A modern and high-quality examination conducted by specialists with expert knowledge in the sphere of hi tech during the investigation of computer technology-related criminal cases offers considerable support to the law enforcement bodies in combating not only these crimes, but also a whole range of crimes where information technology acts as a partial platform for criminal activities. When law enforcement bodies thus influence one of the components of regional and international criminal activities, they raise the level of both physical and information security of citizens. The authors also stress that the more actively information technologies enter the life of a society, the more vulnerable this society is to the criminals who use these technologies for their own purposes.


There have been dramatic increases in educational attainment in Brazil over the last half-century. These increases have been especially rapid for women who are, today, better educated than men. The importance of the education and income of mothers and fathers in explaining this growth is explored.


Stock exchange that is, buying and selling of stock is considered to be an important factor in the economy sector. The Stockbrokers typically use time series or technical analysis in predicting the stock price. These techniques are based on trends and not the actual stock value. Therefore a method of prediction which takes into account the historical values of stock is desired. Neural Networks once again have become famous for prediction of stock. This is due to their ability to deal with non-linear data. The use of Artificial Neural Networks to for predicting the stock prices is proposed in this paper. The input features to the model sometimes can be non-related to the output. Hence, Functional Link Artificial Neural Networks is used here to increase the number of related features in the form of inputs. The data is taken from NSE and is converted into a suitable form for FLANN and then prediction is carried out using Multi-layer feed forward Perceptron model.


OBJECTIVES
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best index of renal function and is frequently assessed by corrected creatinine clearance (CCLcr). The limitations of CCLcr have inspired researchers to derive easy formulas to estimate GFR, with Cockcroft-Gault (C-G) and the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) being the most widely used. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of these equations by finding the relation between CCLcr and estimated GFR (eGFR) by C-G, modified C-G and MDRD equations.

METHODS
From 2007 to 2011, 158 subjects were analysed for serum creatinine and CCLcr at Bowsher Polyclinic, Muscat, Oman. The C-G equation was used to obtain eGFRC-G which was adjusted to body surface area (BSA) to obtain eGFRmC-G, and the MDRD equation was used to obtain eGFRMDRD. The eGFRMDRD, eGFRmC-G and eGFRC-G were then compared to CCLcr.

RESULTS
The eGFRMDRD, eGFRmC-G and eGFRC-G significantly correlated with CCLcr, with a slightly stronger correlation with eGFRMDRD (r = 0.701, 0.658 and 0.605, respectively). A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the diagnostic accuracy of eGFRMDRD for diagnosing chronic kidney disease (CKD) was higher than that of eGFRmC-G, which in turn was higher than that of eGFRC-G (area under the curve was 0.846, 0.831, and 0.791; cut-off limits were 61.9, 58.3 and 59.5, respectively).

CONCLUSION
C-G and MDRD equations can be an alternative to the CCLcr test for assessing GFR, thus avoiding the need for the cumbersome and expensive GFR test. The MDRD formula had greater validity than the C-G equation and the C-G equation validity was improved by an adjustment to BSA.


In our previous work, we studied an interconnected bursting neuron model for insect locomotion, and its corresponding phase oscillator model, which at high speed can generate stable tripod gaits with three legs off the ground simultaneously in swing, and at low speed can generate stable tetrapod gaits with two legs off the ground simultaneously in swing. However, at low speed several other stable locomotion patterns, that are not typically observed as insect gaits, may coexist. In the present paper, by adding heterogeneous external input to each oscillator, we modify the bursting neuron model so that its corresponding phase oscillator model produces only one stable gait at each speed, specifically: a unique stable tetrapod gait at low speed, a unique stable tripod gait at high speed, and a unique branch of stable transition gaits connecting them. This suggests that control signals originating in the brain and central nervous system can modify gait patterns.


Abstract A frozen mud layer plastered at the base of the Glacier d'Argentière in the Western Alps acts as an ion-exchange membrane for the interstitial water passing through it, causing electrolyte filtration and relative retardation of cations. This interstitial water, which is forced under a pressure gradient of about 3 bar cm−1, refreezes in the form of ice accretions. A comparison of the chemical composition of these ice accretions and water held at their surface (corresponding to the situation after the forcing) and the water in contact with the mud layer (corresponding to the situation before the forcing) shows a desalinating effect, a monovalent-divalent cation species separation, and a sorting effect between the alkalies as well as between the alkaline-earths. This phenomenon has to be taken into account in the study of the chemical composition of stratified ice containing interbedded mud layers which occurs in the basal part of several glaciers.


Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) has been in use since 1980s as the 'gold standard' for monitoring glycaemic control and as a predictor of diabetic complications. Even though several conditions, such as, haemolytic anaemia (lowers HbA1c) and aplastic anaemia (raises HbA1c) tend to confound and interfere with HbA1c measurement, in most circumstances HbA1c is a valid and reliable index of glycaemic status. Recently, HbA1c has also been recommended as a diagnostic test for diabetes mellitus by the American Diabetes Association (ADA); HbA1c offers logistical advantages over the conventional oral glucose tolerance test as it requires a non-fasting random sample. In this article the history of discovery of HbA1c, biochemical processes behind its formation, its assay techniques, various factors influencing HbA1c, importance of standardization of its assay so as to make the results reported from different laboratories much more comparable are critically reviewed. This review also provides an update on the optimal HbA1c targets, its reliability in control of diabetic complications, limitations of test results and its importance in control of diabetes patients and their complications, various cut-off values obtained in studies performed both in India and worldwide and its role as a surrogate marker of metabolic syndrome, among others.


Purpose: Basing on the data of diagnostics of value orientations to characterize the pedagogical conditions for the system of values formation of students with high level of leadership potential. Methodology and Approach: the authors performed the analysis of the problem based on the position that the value system of a youth leader will have an impact on his environment as well as on the social development of the society, and the promotion of new social initiatives among young people. Results: based on the results of the study of value orientations of young people, pedagogical condi© CC BY Ощепков А. А., Фриауф В. В., 2020.


The Spacecraft Assembly, Maintenance, and Servicing Study (SAMSS) is an effort to define and verify the most cost effective approach to spacecraft servicing, as a alternative to replacement, in the 1990's and beyond. The intent of the study is to assess the servicing of satellites in all orbit regimes. Elements of a space servicing infrastructure are developed and cost estimates are generated. Readiness is assessed and proof of concept demonstrations are identified. Cryogenic fuel resupply is discussed.


In the context of sea monitoring, an important processing step is image segmentation. In this paper, the authors propose a new segmentation method that combines fuzzy and graph-based theories. The algorithm, starting from a single source element belonging to the region of interest, proceeds with a propagation mechanism that aims at finding a Minimum Path Spanning Tree (MPST). The process is automatic, unsupervised, adaptive to the image content and independent from the order of analysis. A TerraSAR-X image and Cosmo-SkyMed images are used for the experiments. The considered applications are oil spill detection, sea surface analysis, and ship detection.


In this paper, we present novel mechanisms for tuning and controlling the response of novel plasmonic filter using metal-insulator-metal (MIM) configuration. These mechanisms allow for full control on the transmission response from these waveguide based structures. This control can be done electrically or mechanically. The applications and advantages of these novel schemes are discussed in details. Wideband tuning range has been obtained using these schemes.


allows one not only to better understand ideas about Sinn developed in a given era, but also to shed light on the specificity of the epoch itself. The choice of the topics mirrors this task by focusing on transitional figures (e.g., Petrarch between Augustine and humanism), on shifting moments in literary genres (e.g., allegory in Tasso's Gerusalemme liberata and in Marino's Adone), and also on more nuanced definitions of a given epoch (in this last case I would single out Florian Mehltretter's essay on the hidden sources of the conception of symbol in the French Enlightenment). It is a path of research that German scholarship has been constantly following in the last decades, reflecting often upon the notion of "epistemological rupture" conceived by Gaston Bachelard and then adopted by Michel Foucault, whose name not by chance appears in Franz Penzenstaldler's essay on the new kind of interest in classical mythology that arose in the French Renaissance, and in Klaus Hempfer's contribution on allegorical readings of the epic in sixteenth-century Italy. Referring already in the title to the consequences for the theory of interpretation of the allegoresis, Hempfer's study highlights another important goal of the book—namely, to establish a dialogue between the historical research on the specific problem of allegory/allegoresis and the theoretical reflection upon the transhistorical categories that scholars use in their research. This is probably the most valuable feature of the book, the one that makes it possible to read it as a collection of separate essays each dedicated to an independent topic not even limited to the Renaissance (the last study, for example, is about Elio Vittorini's Conversazione in Sicilia), and also as a collective attempt to define through a historical approach categories that have challenged theorists from the Middle Ages up to modern and postmodern philosophy. The topics (and also the length) of the essays being extremely diverse, the fact that the volume lacks a comprehensive bibliography is certainly justifiable. However, an index would have been helpful in unifying the themes of the collection, and, more importantly, a bibliography at the end of each article would have made the search for references easier. That lacuna notwithstanding, this is a valuable book whose essays both individually contribute to their fields and collectively provide a model for historically and theoretically grounded research.


Objective To validate and apply a method for independent assessment of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity during the same test.Methods The Botnia clamp,that is an intravenous glucose tolerance test followed by a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp,was performed in 15 normal subjects and 15 cases of obesity with normal glucose tolerance.The rate of insulin-mediated glucose disposal(Rd)during the steady state of glucose clamp was used to assess the peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity.The disposition index (DI) is a measure of insulin secretion adjusted for insulin sensitivity and was calculated from the product of the FPIR and the Rd.Results It had no significant statistical difference when compared the Rd obtained during the Botnia clamp with the Rd from a euglycemic clamp without prior glucose bolus (P0.05).Obese patients showed decreased Rd(6.27±2.59 mg·kg-1·min-1 vs 9.03±2.78 mg·kg-1·min-1,P=0.009),but similar FPIR,compared with Healthy people.However,insulin secretion adjusted for the degree of insulin resistance was significantly impaired (P=0.005).Conclusion The Botnia clamp provides reliable and independent measures of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function during the same test.


Dr Hohler and colleagues1 have examined LMP2 polymorphisms and extraspinal manifestations in spondyloarthropathies arriving at the conclusion that there is no independent association between LMP2 genotypes and the occurrence of uveitis in HLA-B27 positive subjects when stratified for HLA DR. In my view, this study lacks sufficient power to decide this question definitively. Careful analysis of DR4 positive subjects from the data provided in table 1 of their report shows that 81.25% of patients with acute anterior uveitis carry the LMP2 BB genotype compared with 62.5% of B27 positive controls and 61.5% of spondyloarthropathy patients with axial disease only. This suggests that LMP2 may contribute independently of DR4 to the development of uveitis, though small numbers of DR4 positive patients and controls (eight B27 positive controls, 16 spondyloarthropathy patients with acute anterior uveitis and 26 patients with axial disease only) do not permit statistically significant conclusions. Table 1 summarises our current …


Abstract The usage of electrospun polymer scaffolds is a promising approach for artificial heart valve design. This study aims at the evaluation of biological performance of nanofibrous polymer scaffolds poly(L-lactide) PLLA L210, PLLA L214 and polyamide-6 fabricated by electrospinning via analyzing viability, adhesion and morphology of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926). Nanofibrous surface topography was shown to influence cell phenotype and cell viability according to the observation of diminished cell spreading accompanied with reduced cell viability on nonwovens. Among those, highest biocompatibility was assessed for PLLA L214, although being generally low when compared to the planar control surface. Electrospinning was demonstrated as an innovative technique for the fabrication of advanced biomaterials aiming at guided cellular behavior as well as the design of novel implant platforms. A better understanding of cell–biomaterial interactions is desired to further improve implant development.


8 Figure 4 LOS for ASCT for NHL patients – I Chart Abstract 8 Figure 5 LOS for ASCT for NHL patients after OP BEAM Change – I Chart8 Figure 5 LOS for ASCT for NHL patients after OP BEAM Change – I Chart Abstract 9 Figure 1 Hospital-wide medication overrides Abstracts9 Figure 1 Hospital-wide medication overrides Abstracts BMJ Open Quality 2021;10(Suppl 2):A1–A33 A9 on Jauary 6, 2022 by gest. P rocted by coright. ht://bm jopeuality.bm jcom / B M J O en Q ual: frst pulished as 10136/bm joq021-IH I.9 on 7 N ovem er 221. D ow nladed fom


Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease known by chronic hyperglycemia which results from defective insulin action and secretion. Metabolic syndrome consists of a constellation of metabolic abnormalities that confer increased risk of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to find out if there is any liver function impairment in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: 50 controls, 50 individuals with metabolic syndrome and 50 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected by purposive sampling technique. Serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin and albumin were estimated in controls and cases. Results: The mean values of serum ALT,AST,ALP, total bilirubin were significantly increased (p<0.001) and serum albumin levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001) in cases compared to controls. Conclusion: Liver functions are impaired in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2diabetes mellitus when compared to controls.


SARS-CoV-2 infection alters the levels of sphingolipids early post infection. This phenomenon is reflected by increased levels of sphingolipids, including gangliosides, in infected cells, as well as in serum in a SARS-CoV-2 murine model. Understanding pathways that might impact coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifestations and disease outcomes is necessary for better disease management and for therapeutic development. Here, we analyzed alterations in sphingolipid (SL) levels upon infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infection induced elevation of SL levels in both cells and sera of infected mice. A significant increase in glycosphingolipid levels was induced early post SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was essential for viral replication. This elevation could be reversed by treatment with glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors. Levels of sphinganine, sphingosine, GA1, and GM3 were significantly increased in both cells and the murine model upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. The potential involvement of SLs in COVID-19 pathology is discussed.


Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz. The Divine Narcissus /El Divino Narciso. Trans. Patricia A. Peters and Renee Domeier. Albuquerque: U of New Mexico P, 1998. 202 pp. ISBN 0-8263-1888-6 Ignacio, Ricardo. Un soliloquio y cinco vertederos a Sor ruana Ines de la Cruz. San Jose, CR: Editorial Universitaria Centroamericana --EDUCA--, 1992.49 pp. ISBN 9977-30-186-7 Sabat de Rivers, Georgina, ed. Esta, de nuestra America pupila: estudios de Poesia Colonial. Houston: Society For Renaissance and Baroque Hispanic Poetry, 1999. 341 pp. ISBN 0-9669395-0-6 Bijuesca, K. Josu, et al., eds. Sor ruana & Vieira: trescientos anos despues. Santa Barbara: Center for Portuguese Studies, Department of Spanish and Portuguese [Anejo de la revista Tinta], 1998. 193 pp. ISSN: 0739-7003 Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz (Mexico, 1648-95) has been defined in many different ways: poet, feminist, essayist, scholar, scientist, nun, criolla. Her works demonstrate multiple subjectivities, and these are further expanded by the wide range of scholarship on the writings of Sor Juana. The four works examined here are unified only by their quest to explore a distinct facet of the life and texts of Sor Juana. One sees her as a woman living in a communal setting; another views her as a religious woman; yet another examines her poetry; and one studies her asa scholar engaged in one of the most significant intellectual debates of her time. The Divine Narcissus / El Divino Narciso is a bilingual edition of Sor Juana's play of evangelization, in which the allegorical characters of America and Religion write an auto about Christ, casting Narciso as Christ, portraying Eco as Satan, and featuring Naturaleza Humana as the third party in a pastoral romantic triangle. The play has been widely studied, as well as the loa which provides the frame story as for the auto itself. Women in this play ate the active, dominant forces. When Religion and Celo (Spaniards) come to conquer and convert America and Occidente (Aztecs), the female Religion restrains the male Celo from killing Occidente and America. Likewise, it is the female America who is receptive to Religion's words. In the auto sacramental which they co-write, the male Narciso is fought over by two women, Eco and Naturaleza Humana. Christ's rival and his beloved are both women. The loa is also sympathetic to the conquered Aztecs. Killing them is shown to be wrong, and Jesus is equated with the Aztec god Huitzilopochtli, as el Dios de las semillas. (Religion convinees America that she is just a bit misguided about the nature of the Dios de las semillas.) Nahuatl dances and music ate included, providing a certain level of legitimization of their culture. Patricia Peters and Renee Domeier, O.S.B., have produced the only English translation of both the loa and the auto in their entirety, allowing students who do not know Spanish to be able to study the text. One of the goals of Peters and Domeier is to provide a play that can be performed. Instructors should be aware that the English is not always a literal translation of the Spanish on the facing page-- instead it is at times adapted to aid performance before an English-speaking audience. For example, Naturaleza Humana says: Diganlo, despues de aquel / pecado del primer hombre, que fue mar, cuyas espumas / no hay ninguno que no mojen, tantas fuentes, tantas rios / obscenos de pecadores, en quien la Naturaleza / siempre sumergida, esconde Su hermosura. (Cruz 58) In English this is rendered as: Then, let the tragic tale be told / how after our first father's sin, which was a sea, whose filthy foam / contaminated everyone, so many fountains, many streams, / and rivers were polluted, sinners in whom Nature hides, / her loveliness, always submerged. (59) The passage in English flows better than a literal translation would have done. …


Despite their increasing numbers, divorced families with a noncustodial mother and a custodial father have received scant research attention. Our study attempts to provide some initial insight into the economic status of these families. Examining the child support obligation, we find that noncustodial mothers face a much smaller award than noncustodial fathers, both in terms of the absolute dollar amount of the award and as a percentage of the obligor's income. This potential inequity, however, is offset by the fact that—despite the relatively lower child support obligation—noncustodial mothers experience a larger decline in their standard of living than do custodial fathers and their children. Thus although previous research has found that custodial mothers bear the brunt of familial dissolution, this conclusion does not apply to custodial fathers. Rather, mothers—regardless of custodial status—fare more poorly than fathers.


Twenty years have passed since the first serious proposal was made to use a glass-fiber waveguide as a telecommunications transmission medium. Since then, vigorous research and development efforts have led to widespread applications of optical-fiber communication throughout the telecommunications industry. Today, lightwave systems research is exploring the vast potential bandwidth of low-loss single-mode fibers for long-haul and local-network applications. Laboratory systems with experimental single-frequency lasers and low-noise avalanche photodiodes have attained multi-gigabit-per-second transmission in single-mode fibers that are well over 100 km long. Coherent technology promises high receiver sensitivity and offers an efficient means for channel selection in a densely packed wavelength-multiplexed system. The first coherent-systems experiments have confirmed theoretical expectations but many challenges lie ahead. Other novel systems for local distribution and networking are also under study. This paper reviews recent research progress in these areas.


The paper covers two aspects of the usability of the Internet resources in teaching phonetics. First of all, the Internet may be used to disseminate information and teaching materials. Search facilities provided by normal, search engines are too coarse, however, to be really useful if one wants to find suitable teaching resources (course notes, tutorials etc.). One way to address this problem is to use a structured inventory of hyper‐links to relevant materials. A working group within the Socrates/Erasmus thematic network on Speech Communication has set up a searchable inventory of web accessible materials, relevant to teaching phonetics. The principles underlying the structuring of the database will be described and illustrated by examples from the database. A second possible use has to do with Open and Distance Learning (ODL). Phonetics, however, requires both sounds and images to be realistic, and for many areas the possibility to perform experiments is essential. With the advent of internet‐based tool...


Fig. 1. Top left: In existing parallel imperative programming systems (such as CUDA and Taichi [Hu et al. 2019]), computational kernels are eagerly launched, leaving a tiny room for the optimizer to optimize beyond a single kernel. Bottom left: In this work, we accumulate kernels in an execution buffer, only flushing the execution queue when necessary. More importantly, we leverage a domain-specific inter-kernel optimizer to automatically conduct performance optimizations beyond a single kernel, especially for spatially sparse computation. We dynamically build a tailored data-flow graph ("state-flow graph") of kernels for easy analysis, so that computation kernels can be optimized at a inter-kernel level just in time. Right: After a suite of domain-specific and general-purpose optimization passes including list generation removal, sparse data structure activation elimination, fusion, and dead store elimination, kernels are much better optimized compared to the reference intra-kernel optimization system. As a result, our inter-kernel optimized programs run 1.87× faster on GPUs, without the user modifying any of the computation code. Our evaluation suite covers computations on Eulerian grids, Lagrangian particles, meshes, and automatic differentiation.


Recovery from malicious transaction has become an important method to protect database,the new recovery mechanism raises new requirement that the log file should not only record information of write operation but also the information of read operation.To fulfill the new requirement,a new log strategy is proposed,According to this strategy,the log system is designed and implemented,the system is composed by four parts: SQL statements filtrating,sensitive information setting,write log generator and read log generator.Structured Query Language(SQL) statements filtrating aims to protect the log file from malicious users.Sensitive information setting gives constraints to log record to control the size of log file.Write log generator uses triggers to records the information of write operation.Read log generator records the information of read operation via re-constructing SQL statements,creating temporary table and accessing temporary table.Experimental result shows that log system records database operations effectively,but decreases the efficiency of the whole system.


Some of the ramifications of user needs, user satisfaction, and the survey as a shaper of library policy are discussed. The presentation is in three parts: philosophical thinking on user needs and satisfaction, a modest tutorial on survey methodology, and a brief review of the Sandia National Laboratory Technical Library's use of surveys for information gathering and decision making. (RWR)


Feeding in thyreophoran dinosaurs is poorly understood. Although the group existed for over 130 million years, only the Early Jurassic basal thyreophoran Scelidosaurus harrisonii and the Late Cretaceous ankylosaurid Euoplocephalus tutus have been studied from this perspective in detail. In contrast to the earlier, conservative hypothesis of a simple "orthal pulping" feeding mode with no or limited tooth–tooth contact, recent studies have demonstrated precise dental occlusion with differing jaw mechanisms in these two species. Here, we describe the first detailed study of feeding related characters in a nodosaurid ankylosaur, Hungarosaurus tormai, from the Late Cretaceous of Hungary. Dental wear patterns comprising small, apical, and low‐angled facets on the maxillary and steep, extended, and bowl‐like facets on the dentary teeth reveal sophisticated tooth–tooth contact in this basal nodosaurid. The presence of two different scratch generations (vertical and low‐angled) on the dentary teeth unambiguously demonstrate a multiphasic powerstroke, which is further supported by the morphology of the quadrate‐articular and mandibular symphyseal joints and by the architecture of the reconstructed jaw adductors. Chewing started with an initial slicing phase associated with orthal movement that was followed by a retractive powerstroke with significant occlusal contact. Because of the curved tooth rows, these movements were probably facilitated by some mediolateral translation and/or axial rotation of the mandibles to produce precise shearing along the whole tooth row. These results demonstrate that complex jaw mechanisms and dental occlusion were more widespread among thyreophorans than thought previously and that palinal movement was present in at least two ankylosaurian lineages. Anat Rec, 297:1165–1180, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Abstract : This paper describes the recently developed RSP-I type generator of dry aerosol preparations which differs favorably from existing devices by its relative noiselessness, by the satisfactory scattering of dry preparations, by the possibility of setting up the dispersion unit at any height within the limits of from 1 to 2 m, and by the presence of an adjustable tripod stand. The same atomizer can be used in small chambers (1 cu m) for the immunization of animals and in large rooms (200 cu m) during the mass immunization of man. A special design feature is the centrifugal multistage aerosol generation unit with a drive from an electric motor, which at comparatively low revolutions of the generation unit rotor (2700-3000 rpm) makes it possible to disperse dry preparations effectively.


Natural fractures are well developed in the Sangtamu carbonate formation which is the primary oil and gas production unit in the Tarim Basin, China. The analysis of converted waves via shear wave splitting (SWS) is an effective tool for predicting natural fractures in carbonate units. Compared with surface seismic data measurements, vertical seismic profiling (VSP) is more advantageous for acquiring and imaging converted waves. At present, there is a lack of robust methods on using 3D three-component (3C) VSP data for fracture prediction. We propose an innovative workflow for predicting the spatial fracture distribution with the first ever application of SWS analysis to a 3D3C VSP dataset. Instead of traditional Cartesian coordinates, we generated image bins based on a polar coordinate system to obtain accurate P-to-S converted waves of different azimuth angles. This was followed by a two-step SWS analysis: first, we conducted a multi-directional SWS analysis to estimate the fracture-induced anisotropy in the upper layers. Then, the wave field of the target layer was corrected using time compensation and coordinate rotation. Finally, we applied SWS analysis again to obtain the azimuth and spatial intensity of the fractures in the target layer. We found that there was an overall good agreement in the fracture densities derived from the VSP waveforms and well-log data. The areas with high fracture development, as indicated by the SWS and ant-tracking analyses, are also consistent. Our study shows that azimuth processing of walkaround 3D3C VSP combined with SWS analysis can serve as a quantitative diagnostic tool for fractures in a carbonate reservoir.


Introduction: Physalis alkekengi (Solanaceae) is a rich source of various antioxidants. There are some reports that show P. alkekengi has been used for treatment of a wide range of diseases including gout and inflammation. Xanthine oxidase plays a crucial role in gout. Many natural compounds such as various flavonoids have been reported to have inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase. Methods: Different parts of P. alkekengi including leave, calyx, green and orange fruits at different stages of plant growth were gathered from around the Tonekabon, Iran. Then, they were dried in the dark and powdered. Inhibitory effect of various plant extracts on xanthine oxidase activity was measured. Soluble sugar and ascorbic acid contents of plant samples, and their correlation with xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect were also determined. Results: All extracts from different parts of P. alkekengi at the concentration of 0.3 mg/ml had inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity with different degrees from 45% (leaves in the vegetative stage) up to 86.86% (leaves in the green fruit stage and calyxs). The leaves, fruits and calyx stage of maturity contained the highest amount of soluble sugar. Also, maximum amount of total ascorbic acid was displayed in an orange calyx, 12.65 mg.fw -1 . Conclusion: These results suggest that extracts of P. alkekengi at different phonological stages have high inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase activity and they are valuable sources of antioxidant compounds. The green fruit, green calyx and orange calyx had the highest inhibitory effects on the xanthine oxidase activity. Therefore, they are recommended as the most appropriate tissues for the next pharmacological studies.


This paper studies instrumental-variables (IV) estimation for an error component model with nearly nonstationary regressors and a linear time trend. It is assumed that the numbers of cross-section and time series observations are infinite. Furthermore, autoregressive disturbances are assumed for the error component model, the structure of which may vary with individuals. To estimate the model, we consider the IV-GLS and Within-IV-GLS estimators. These estimators are shown to have the same normal distribution in the limit. Also, Wald tests for coefficient vectors are shown to have chi-square distributions in the limit. As an empirical example, the Solow growth model is estimated and tested.


Back ground: Total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) is a commonly performed surgical procedure by many doctors in the developing world, for reasons ranging from mild benign to severe malignant conditions. This is because they are often confronted with cases where treatment has to be offered to their patients either due to lack of facilities and / or personnel for appropriate diagnosis or pressure and anxiety from clients and relatives, resulting in cases of undiagnosed cervical malignancy. Many of which could have been treated differently if properly diagnosed.Objective: This study was to evaluate the uterine specimen obtained after TAH and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy (BSO) for undiagnosed cervical bleeding for unexpected histology.Design/ methods: This was a retrospective study design. The case of a 58-year old woman with post coital bleeding who was anxious to have hysterectomy for fear of cervical cancer was analyzed after surgery with the histology report of the surgical (TAH/BSO) specimen .Result: She had TAH/BSO with excision of a cuff of the vagina. The histology of the specimen showed evidence of early locally invasive cancer of the cervix. The surgical margins were microscopically disease free. She was referred for radiotherapy at a regional centre in Nigeria (Ibadan) where she had teletherapy and two years of outpatient followup showed no recurrence or complications.Conclusion: Cases of invasive cervical cancer usually present late in this part of the world with surgical treatment not considered an option. We present a case of undiagnosed early cervical cancer in a postmenopausal woman who had successful TAH/BSO and postoperative radiotherapy. Preventive screening measures coupled with accurate diagnosis, and the improvement in manpower and facilities have been known to give better results. This is a reminder to all doctors and gynecologists of the need for cervical screening, in our hospitals.


A few globs of spit and a survey could be all that's needed to identify teenage boys with a high risk of developing depression. That is the upshot of a study finding that teenage boys with high levels of the stress hormone cortisol, as well as depressive symptoms, are 14 times more likely to become depressed over the next few years than teens who have neither. It is the first biological flag to predict the risk of an individual going onto develop depression, says Barbara Sahakian at the University of Cambridge, one of the study's authors. The finding could change the way schools deal with the condition. For example, teens could be screened for cortisol and those at risk provided with targeted treatments. It could also lead to drug treatments for depression that lower cortisol levels.


To realize remote collaboration effectively and repidly, improve the performance of design, a prototype was presented for the virtual design of mechanical performance (VDMP). The VDMP characteristics were analyzed theoretically. Relevant techniques and theoretical questions were then discussed. Finally a remote collaborative design system (C Design) was introduced that is able to perform collaborative design at different sites, and can be used to enrich the function of VDMP.


Although transition metal (TM)-rare earth (RE) alloy film has potential application as an information storage medium in spintronic devices, study of the physical mechanism and microscopic process for the current-induced magnetization switching by spin–orbit torque (SOT) in TM-RE is still inadequate. In this work, we investigated the SOT effect and its driven magnetization switching in Pt/Co–Tb/Ta structures with various Co–Tb compositions. The results show that the current-induced SOT effective fields follow 1/Ms law near the compensation composition in this structure. Because of the large SOT effective field and the low coercivity for the Co–Tb layer near the compensation composition, the current-induced magnetization switching with a threshold current density as low as 1010 A/m2 was achieved in the system. The direct Kerr imaging on the switching process verifies two different current-induced switching mechanisms in the Pt/Co–Tb/Ta system.


It is largely accepted by critics that the favourite poetic form within the oeuvreof Carol Ann Duffy is the dramatic monologue. The preponderance of this form in Duffy's poetry could be linked with her equally well-known concern with language as a political instrument and invariably with how language can be deployed for some subtle political purposes. This paper sets out to, first, explore briefly the relationship between poetic voice and dramatic monologue and define the ways in which Duffy reworks and reinvents the tradition of monologue. And this is done by looking at how three noted critics have read "The Psychopath", one of Duffy's representative dramatic monologues from different perspectives; ranging from Bakhtinian dialogic effect to the question of representation and depiction of masculinity and patriarchy.


To reduce noise and speckles in the spectrograms of Doppler blood flow signals, a novel method, called matching pursuit with pulse coupled neural network (MPPCNN), has been proposed. The method considered is an iterative decomposition algorithm, which decomposes the Doppler ultrasound signals into linear expansion of atoms in a time-frequency dictionary using the matching pursuit (MP) for de-noising the Doppler ultrasound signal. Then, a simplified unidirectional pulse coupled neural network is used to calculate the firing matrix of the de-noised spectrogram. The Doppler speckles of the de-noised spectrogram are located and removed through analyzing and processing the PCNN firing matrix. Experiments were conducted on simulation signals whose SNRs are 0dB, 5dB and 10dB. The result shows that the MPPCNN performs effectively in reducing noise, eliminating Doppler speckles, and enhancing the Doppler spectrograms.


At present, distributed wind is in its infancy, so engineering practice and related technology research and development is relatively lacking. The aging problem parallel operation between wind power and power grid enterprises is the issue that the whole world should be confronted with. This paper study the influence of wind power access to power grid operation, reveal the interactive mechanism of distributed wind power and power grid, formulate the corresponding technical specification and achieve the centralized control of distributed wind power. These can be used to guide the large-scale development of distributed wind power, which makes the development of distributed wind power guided by resource type guide transition to the grid type.


Obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, is an established risk factor for some cancers, but the mechanisms responsible for this relationship remain elusive. Our previous study demonstrated that obesity‐induced inflammation elevates Wnt‐signaling, a pro‐tumorigenic pathway that is altered in ~90% of colon cancers. The objective of this study was to examine the role of the intestinal microflora in the increases in inflammation and Wnt‐signaling observed in both high fat‐ and genetically‐induced obese state, and thereby the intestinal tumorigenesis in the Apc1638N mouse model. Three experimental groups with 2 different genotypes and 2 dietary treatments were used: Apc+/1638NLepr+/+ fed a low fat diet (10% fat, Apc‐LFD), Apc+/1638NLepr+/+ fed a high fat diet (60% fat, Apc‐HFD), and Apc+/1638N Leprdb/db fed a low fat diet (Apc‐DbDb). All animals (9~12 mice/group) received experimental diets for 16 weeks from 8 to 24 weeks of age. Because tumors occur exclusively in the small intestine in the Apc1638N model, we examined the microbial composition, inflammatory status and the expressions of Wnt pathway‐specific genes in this organ, as opposed to the large intestine. The relative abundances of 19 bowel cancer associated bacterial taxa were examined by quantitative real‐time PCR. The prevalence of Turicibacter and Desulfovibrio decreased, but Faecalibacterium prausnitizii (F.prausnitizii) increased significantly in high fat diet‐induced obese mice (p < 0.05); whereas in genetically‐induced obese mice, the prevalence of Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila (A.muciniphila) and Eubacterium rectale (E.rectale) decreased, but Peptostrptococcus, and Escherichia coli(E.coli) increased (p < 0.05). Both high fat‐ and genetically‐induced obesity increased small intestinal inflammation as indicated by elevated protein levels of IFNγ, IL‐6 or TNF‐α. The changes of inflammatory cytokine transcripts, including TNF‐α, were associated with abundance of Turicibacter, Bifidobacterium, A.muciniphila, E.rectale, and E.coli, as well as the expression of several genes (Wnt5a, Akt, β‐catenin, JNK1, etc.) within the Wnt pathway cascade (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the composition of the small intestinal microflora is affected differentially in high fat diet‐ and genetically‐induced obesity, but both are associated with an elevation of intestinal inflammation and alterations in the expression of Wnt‐signaling related genes.


All of the victims have been laid to rest as a result of the tragedy at Columbine High School. The memorials erected across the street at Clement Park by people from all over the world have been torn down. The dramatic media coverage has decreased to a trickle of information disseminated to the public as new stories unfold. The students and teachers who were so close to the heart of the tragedy finished the school year ironically at the home of their very generous arch rival Chattfield High School. Courageously, these students and teachers have been back in school for months since their innocence was violated and many of their dreams were violently dashed. The shock over the tragedy has subsided for some, however, in many cases fear and disbelief remain. Inevitably, many Columbine students, school personnel, and families have suffered from survivor guilt, anger, overwhelming grief, and essentially post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) since the day of the tragedy. This potentially lasting trauma has led us to an important point as this school year continues to unfold: How have the people affected by this tragedy continued to live healthy lives as students, counselors, teachers, and families? The answer lies in the help they received from crisis response teams, mental health professionals, school counselors, and from one another. After all, life has undoubtedly moved on for the victims of this tragedy as well as for an entire nation who stood by and paid witness. It would be easy if the Columbine tragedy had one single determining causal factor. However, it doesn't, and blame can no be longer a part of the equation. I believe it is time for school counselors, school counselor educators, and school counselor supervisors to become more creative, innovative, and demanding in redefining mental health services in schools, services that begin to focus on solutions. The immediate needs of Columbine High School and neighboring schools for supportive mental health services for students, school personnel and families have been attended to since the onset of the school year. These services will continue to be needed for years to come as Columbine school counselors work with students on the personal and social issues triggered by the tragedy. This article offers a retrospective look into the poignant insight of people who were close to the heart of the Columbine tragedy and it discusses what interventions have been instituted since the beginning of the 1999-2000 school year at Columbine High School and in the Jefferson County Public School system. Close to the Heart of the Tragedy On April 20, 1999, school counselors all over Jefferson County Public School District in Colorado, the biggest district in the state, received calls that a full blown crisis was underway at Columbine High School. These school counselors jumped into action and became a vital component of the crisis response team. They helped families identify their lost children who were gathered at local elementary schools. They counseled parents whose children didn't show up until the next day when their lifeless bodies were identified by authorities inside the high school. They conducted large-group debriefing sessions with students and parents on how do deal with their grief and loss. They worked overtime through the weekend to make sure the community felt safe. As a result, many of the recipients of these crisis counseling interventions are now able to deal with their current pain and the future repercussions that this violent tragedy will trigger for years to come. The Columbine High School tragedy provided me with the chance to work with local school counselors, secondary-level students, graduate students, and teachers in helping them deal with the tragedy. While doing this work, I made a discovery that everyone "needed" an answer to the question: why did this tragedy happen? In essence, how could these two young men get so out of control, filled with rage, have access to an arsenal of weapons, go relatively unnoticed, fall through the "cracks," and commit this horrible crime in a high school? …


This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting susceptibility of prairie plants to an early summer frost at Cedar Creek Natural History Area, in east central Minnesota. Data were collected in a previously established experimental field after temperatures fell to 1.3 °C on 20 June 1992, and to 0.3 °c on 21 June 1992. The degree of frost damage to prairie plants was recorded using a scale of frost damage based on visual criteria, and possible causes of variation in frost susceptibility were examined. The degree of frost damage was independent of plant type (grass or forb), life cycle (annual, perennial, or bienniaD, successional status (early or late), and species origin (native or introduced). No significant correlations were noted between plant height and mean frost damage but there was a significant negative correlation between plant height and maximum frost damage. In addition, there were no significant correlations between frost damage and mean plant biomass allocated to leaves, stems, and roots, mean biomass allocations above ground and below-ground, and total biomass. However, plants that allocated a greater proportion of biomass to leaves were more severely damaged than plants which allocated less biomass to leaves. The ratio of leaves to total biomass appears to be critical in relation to frosting events because leaves have a high surface area to volume ratio, which allows more surface area to be exposed to cold air masses, thus increasing the freezing rate.


Objective To compare the total occlusal force change among normal occlusion,different malocclusions,and post-treatment patients for the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of the treatment stability.Methods Totally 110 healthy volunteers with skeletal classⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ malocclusion without any tooth and periodontal disease were chosen randomly,and the skeletal classⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ malocclusion cases were 59,26 and 25,respectively.Twenty-eight volunteers were with normal teeth and periodontal condition without orthodontic treatment history;42 post-treatment patients finished in Dalian University Stomatology Hospital were with normal occlusal relation without space and tooth missing from 2006 January to 2008 December,The change of total occlusal force in different malocclusion and normal occlusion were determined by T-Scan Ⅱocclusal analysis system.The total occlusal force of each group was compared by SPSS16.0 statistical analysis.Results Total occlusal force of skeletal classⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ malocclusion was smaller than that found in normal occlusion(P 0.05).Although total occlusal force after orthodontic treatment was improved,it was smaller than occlusal force at normal occlusion.Conclusion Total occlusal force of skeletal classⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ malocclusion is smaller than that found in normal occlusion.Although orthodontic treatment can improve total occlusal force and occlusal contact,better occlusal relation may be changed by masticatory reproducibility and changing of physiologic occlusal contact.


In the current world, globalization has become a heated topic, which is interpreted in various ways. Based on the study of Communist Manifesto, we can find some descriptions made by Marx on this issue. Communist Manifesto, one of the most important documents, can help us well acknowledge the present globalization, so it is of great significance for us to understand the current issue of globalization.


22 p. transcript of an interview with George First Rider conducted by John Hellson on July 7, 1969. Tape number IH-AA.023/023A, transcript disc 48.


An experimental method is presented, for the study of glow discharges, that can provide data suitable for analysis in terms of the diffusion of a ternary mixture. Particular emphasis is given to the constriction of flow discharges in neon with increasing gas density. It is found that quantitative estimates of the onset of this phenomenon are now possible.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Clinical analysis laboratories are health care facilities that provide resources for outpatient and/or emergency diagnoses; they are regulated in Brazil by the Resolution of the Collegiate Board of Directors (RDC) no. 302, of October 13, 2005, of the Brazilian National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (Anvisa). Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a normative evaluation in clinical analysis laboratories, based on RDC no. 302, of October 13, 2005. Material and method: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Twelve clinical laboratories participated in the study. The data were obtained through a structured questionnaire and answered by the technical leaders of the participating laboratories, in the municipality of Macapa, Amapa, Brazil. Results: The average nonconformity found among the participants was 9.64%, which allowed an overall evaluation among them as satisfactory, in relation to the minimum requirements demanded by the standardization recommended by Anvisa. When the participants were analyzed individually, there was a variation from 4.82% to 21.69% of the nonconformities index. Other studies agree with the results, however there is disagreement in a research carried out in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, possibly due to the fact that the laboratories present in this study do not have a quality management system in their processes. Conclusion: Laboratories 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, and 12 were rated as satisfactory. Laboratories 1, 5, 7, 8 and 10 were rated as partially satisfactory. No laboratories were rated as unsatisfactory.


With the continuous development of artificial intelligence research and high-performance computers, deep learning and related theories, neural networks have become mainstream acoustic models. This article starts with the overall framework and basic principles of speech recognition, and studies the language recognition system under deep neural network. Through deep neural network, it can better deal with the large amount of Chinese data processing process, reduce model complexity, and improve the accuracy of Chinese speech recognition rate. For this reason, this paper uses the deep neural network-based Chinese speech recognition system as the research object to study the speech quality after recognition. The results verify that the deep neural network language model has a better recognition accuracy.


The energy consumption,economic efficiency,engineering construction for the reduction of lead-rich slag are analysed,and the economic feasibility and advancement property for slag-hot reduction are also discussed.


A process for producing a flame resistant fabric for protective clothing is characterized in that at least one textile layer is subjected to a treatment step in which at least one fiber component is at least partially removed from the fabric sheet, whereby air chambers (5) are formed.


Solar energy presents enormous potential to spearhead the fight against climate change. However, due to its intrinsic intermittent character it requires an energy storage media for fully exploiting its potential. Although there are several competing and partially complementary technologies for achieving that goal, thermochemical processes are becoming relevant in concentrating solar power plants for energy storage. Among the systems used for those applications, redox metal oxides stand out as very flexible and robust materials for either direct heat storage, or CO2 and H2O splitting in thermochemical cycles for solar fuel production. Furthermore, methane chemical looping reforming coupled with CO2 valorisation and/or H2O dissociation is an incompletely decarbonised route that can also take advantage of these materials. This alternative strategy compensates sustainability losses by increasing the overall efficiency. All these processes operate at high temperatures swinging from an oxidised to a reduced state, and this fact imposes harsh conditions to the stability of the solids acting as oxygen carriers. The latest developments in this area are described in detail here, paying attention to the relevance of structural and morphological changes, as well as to the role of thermodynamics and kinetics aspects on the performance of these redox transformations in the solid–gas interphase.


scientist (International relations), in his analytic discussions Souleimanov relies on the discussion of facts and rarely frames them in the political scientific concepts; representing accurate facts rather than giving a dry abstract discussion based on or framed in theoretical concepts is not necessarily a bad thing. His neglect of political scientific concepts and theories, and use of secondary (e.g. newspapers and online articles) rather than either fieldwork or interviews, or systematic analysis of a dataset is a serious shortcoming however. This book, as a dissertation in the political science, is weak in theoretical and methodological aspects. Nevertheless, the book is able to offer valuable, well-documented information on the course of the Chechen conflict and the rise of Islamic (Wahhabite/Salafi) militancy in the Caucasus. It refers to many sources of news and information in different languages. Being born in Yerevan, in the former Soviet Union, Souleimanov has been able to use many Russian-language sources. The author should carry on his work in documenting the events and discussing them in a further volume or a second edition which also covers more recent events. Souleimanov's An Endless War: The Russian-Chechen Conflict in Perspective (2007) is recommended to all scholars of the Caucasus (as well as the Greater Middle East in general), postcommunist world, and conflict studies and geopolitics in general. It is more than fair to state that this book has serious shortcomings. Caspar Ten Dam rightly notes in his review that other books on this issue are qualitatively much better and that Souleimanov's book looks like a 'pre-final' draft. Indeed, among the main shortcomings of this book are the lack of illustrations, maps or even an index. Good maps are indispensable in such detailed descriptions of affairs in places unfamiliar to most readers. Also the layout, in general, is poorly done. These basic concerns should be addressed in any (revised) publication.


Students' mental states have been widely acknowledged as crucial components for inferring their learning processes and are closely linked with learning outcomes. Understanding students' complex mental states including concentration, confusion, frustration, and boredom in teacher-student conversation could benefit a human teacher's perceptual and real-time decision-making capability in providing personalized and adaptive support in coaching activities. Many lines of research have explored the automatic measurement of students' mental states in pre-designed human-computer tasks. It still remains a challenge to detect the complex mental states of students in real teacher-student conversation. In this study, we made such an attempt by describing a system for predicting the complex mental states of students from multiple perspectives: facial and physiological (heart rate) cues in real student-teacher conversation scenarios. We developed an advanced multi-sensor-based system and applied it in small-scale meetings to collect students' multimodal conversation data. We demonstrate a multimodal analysis framework. Machine learning models were built by using extracted interpretable proxy features at a fine-grained level to validate their predictive ability regarding students' multiple mental states. Our results provide evidence of the potential value of fusing multimodal data to understand students' multiple mental states in real-world student-teacher conversation.


SUMMARY To evaluate theefficacy ofamoxycillin ineradicating Campylobacter pylori, endoscopic biopsy specimens were takenfromtheantral mucosa of40children withgastritis before, immediately after, and(in30patients) three monthsafter treatment. Immediately after treatment 34patients (85%)no longer hadtheorganism inthemucosa,andthegastritis had healed in23(58%). Threemonths later theinfection hadrecurred in22of30patients (73%), and thegastritis hadrelapsed inallofthem.Significantly more children inwhomCpylori recurred hadfamily histories ofpeptic ulcerdisease. Theresults suggest thatamoxycillin aloneis ineffective inthelongtermtreatment ofC pylori gastritis.


Hybrid Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (HABR) is a development technology from the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR), which was already known as a technology that is successful in treating domestic waste. Aims: The objectives of these studies were to investigate the efficiency of reducing BOD and phosphate levels in HABR with zeolite (ZE) and activated carbon (AC) media. Methodology and Results: HABR reactor made of acrylic material with a size of 90 cm x 20 cm x 30 cm. The reactor designed has 7 compartments, with details the first 5 compartments are suspended growth microorganism reactors and the next 2 compartments are attached growth microorganism reactors. Conclusion, significance, and impact of study: The result of the research showed that the efficiency of reducing BOD concentration in the reactor with ZE and AC media were 59.30% and 65.12%, respectively. The final BOD concentration in the AC reactor is 30 mg/L, this value meets the domestic wastewater quality standard required by East Java Governor Regulation Number 72 of 2013 concerning Wastewater Quality Standards for Industry and/or Other Business Activities. The final BOD concentration in the ZE reactor exceeded the required quality standard with a value of 35 mg/L. The final phosphate levels of the two reactors meet the wastewater quality standards for business and/or laundry activities with a maximum phosphate concentration of 10 mg/L. The final phosphate levels in the ZE and AC reactors were 3.74 mg/L and 8.79 mg/L, respectively. The efficiency of phosphate removal in ZE and AC reactors were 70.58% and 30.87%, respectively.


Carers may offer valuable insight into the true health status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This multinational, multi‐stakeholder, exploratory study in Australia, China and Japan aimed to enrich our understanding of the role and potential impact of carers on RA management.


The global world, of this 21st century, allows us to speak instantly with people who are miles away. Factors that affect us can also affect people on other continents in the blink of an eye. Leadership learning can be learned by executives sitting in their offices across the planet. International companies need to operate in Brazil and have managers and directors who are assigned to hold leadership positions. The "IC", according to Livermore (2009): "is the ability to operate effectively between different national, ethnic and organizational cultures." And this is the point of this research that aims to build a model of cultural intelligence (CI) evaluation capable of measuring the levels of CI of foreign managers occupying positions of leadership in international companies in Brazil.


An Indonesian journalist released after 13 years in detention describes how he and other detainees were transferred from prison to a penal colony on Buru Island


Social media platforms are widely used for sharing information. Although social media use is generally benign, such platforms can also be used for a variety of malicious activities, including the dissemination of propaganda, hoaxes, and fake news to influence the public. The availability of inexpensive and ubiquitous mass communication tools has made such malicious activity much more convenient and effective. In this paper we study how blogs act as virtual spaces where malicious narratives are framed and then further disseminated through social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook. To discover how such disinformation campaigns work, it is necessary to examine the link between blogs and social media platforms and the role they play in media orchestration strategies, more specifically cross-media and mix-media strategies. We have carried out an in-depth examination of information networks, using social network analysis and cyber forensics, to identify prominent information actors and the leading coordinators of several disinformation campaigns. The research methodology we have developed reveals a massive disinformation campaign pertaining to the Baltic region, conducted primarily through blogs but strategically linking to a variety of other social media platforms, e.g. Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and VKontakte. 174 Defence Strategic Communications | Volume 4 | Spring 2018 DOI 10.30966/2018.RIGA.4.6. Note: Although blogs fall under the broad definition of social media, for the purposes of this paper we distinguish between blogs and social media, using the term social media to refer to forums that have some sort of formal membership, but where any member can post about anything (within certain limits of legality and decency) to the audience of the account holder's choice; a blog is the product of an individual (at least ostensibly), writing about a set of topics limited by the blogger's interests. Keywords—social media, blogs, social network analysis, cyber forensics, disinformation, mix-media, cross-media.


BUMDES is a village business institution managed by the community and village government to strengthen the village economy and build community social cohesion based on the needs and potential of the village. The Jatisura village government has established the Surakarya BUMDES as an institution for the welfare of the community's economy. It follows the role of the Surakarya BUMDES in empowering the community in Jatisura village. Surakarya BUMDES is a business entity whose entire or most of the capital is owned by the village through direct participation in village wealth, assets, services, and for the greatest prosperity of the village people. The problems in this study are 1) how is the role of the Surakarya BUMDES in empowering the community through processed mango fruit crafts in Jatisura village, Cikedung sub-district, Indramayu District. 2) How is the community empowerment model through Surakarya BUMDES in Jatisura village, Cikedung sub-district, Indramayu District. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a phenomenological approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the role of Surakarya BUMDES in community empowerment is 1) Development and development of the economic potential and capacity of the community, 2) active efforts to improve the quality of human and community life, 3) supporting the community in realizing and developing the economy of rural communities, 4) and Helping the community to increase their income. The empowerment model carried out by the Surakarya BUMDES in Jatisura village uses a community development and participatory model. The community development model exists in the Bumdes of Jatisura village by developing the potential of natural resources to be processed into processed mangoes. Participatory empowerment model in Surakarya BUMDES with mango processing training from Surakarya BUMDES. The empowerment model approach used is top-down; the government budget determines the success of this empowerment.


In the multi-core era, programmers need to resort to parallelism if they want to improve program performance. Thus, a major maintenance task will be to make sequential programs more concurrent. Must concurrency be designed into a program, or can it be retrofitted later? What are the most common transformations to retrofit concurrency into sequential programs? Are these transformations random, or do they belong to certain categories? How can we automate these transformations?
 To answer these questions we analyzed the source code of five open-source Java projects and looked at a total of 14 versions. We analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively the concurrency-related transformations. We found that these transformations belong to four categories: transformations that improve the responsiveness, the throughput, the scalability, or correctness of the applications. In 73.9% of these transformations, concurrency was retrofitted on existing program elements. In 20.5% of the transformations, concurrency was designed into new program elements. Our findings educate software developers on how to parallelize sequential programs, and provide hints for tool vendors about what transformations are worth automating.


Nd-doped YF3 frustum-octahedron micro/nano has been prepared by a simple hydrothermal method.The structure and morphology of the prepared products are characterized by X-ray power diffraction(XRD),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),etc.The results show that a lot of scattered(but with the same morphology) Nd-doped YF3 frustum-octahedron micro/nano can be successfully prepared by hydrothermal method.Meanwhile,the formation mechanism and optical property of Nd-doped YF3 frustum-octahedron micro/nano has been investigated.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of proprioceptive sensory-based therapeutic activities on sensory processing and problematic behavior in children with developmental delay.
The participants of this study were two 5-year-old children diagnosed with developmental delay that was mediated through proprioceptive sensory-based therapeutic activities. The mediation done once a week for 50 minutes per session, for a total of 12 sessions. To examine the effects of proprioceptive sensory-based treatment activities, sensory processing was evaluated using the Sensory Profile and problematic behaviors were evaluated using the Korean Child Behavior Checklist before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed by calculating the difference in values before and after the intervention, and visual analysis was done using graphs.
After the proprioceptive sensory-based treatment activity, participant 1 was clear in the following items: sensory profile, sensory processing, visual processing, vestibular sensory processing, tactile processing, multisensory processing, oral sensory processing, endurance and muscle tone control, body posture movement control, and activity level control. The difference improved from that of the doubt difference, and the results showed improvement in atrophy, depression and anxiety, social immaturity, attention problems, aggression, internalization problems, and externalization problems in the child and adolescent behavior evaluation scale. Participant 2 showed an improvement in all items except the reaction threshold items in the sensory profile, and atrophy, depression/anxiety, social immaturity, thinking problems, attention problems, delinquency, aggression, internalization problems, and externalization in the child and adolescent behavior evaluation scale. Improved results were found on the problem scale.
This study confirmed that proprioceptive sensory-based therapeutic activity had a positive effect on sensory processing and problematic behavior in children with developmental delay.


The effects of a synthetic and an endogenous steroid were studied on the GABAA receptors of isolated mouse spinal neurones, maintained in culture. Low doses of alphaxalone reversibly increased GABA‐evoked whole‐cell currents. Alphaxalone at higher doses (10‐50 microM), when pressure ejected onto spinal neurones, also directly evoked a membrane chloride current. Such currents were reversibly suppressed by bicuculline (a GABAA antagonist) and enhanced by phenobarbitone. 5 beta‐Pregnan‐3 alpha‐ol‐20‐one, a progesterone metabolite, dose‐dependently potentiated the amplitude of GABA‐evoked whole‐cell currents. The mechanism of potentiation was examined at the single‐channel level using outside‐out patches from spinal neurones. The main action of the steroid on the GABAA receptor appears to be similar to that found for barbiturates, in that they prolonged GABA‐activated bursts of channel openings. Bemegride had an antagonistic action on the GABAA receptor, suppressing both GABA‐ and pentobarbitone‐evoked whole‐cell currents to similar extents.


This article presents Dweck's theoretical model of personal conceptions of intelligence that distinguishes the static from the dynamic conceptions of intelligence and relates them with specific achievement goals and achievement patterns of behavior, discussing also about the evaluation of this construct in the Portuguese school context. Therefore, the psychometrical qualities of the Personal Conceptions of Intelligence Scale, which includes 26 items (15 static and 11 dynamic), were revisited through the study of the internal consistency of the subscales and the total scale, the factorial validity of the total scale, the internal validity of the items, the sensitivity of the scales and the discriminative power of the items, near a total sample of 730 students, 380 senior high-school students and 350 college students, whose results proved to be globally satisfactory and similar to those obtained previously in the Portuguese educational context, supporting and promoting the use of this scale to measure personal conceptions of intelligence.


The human genome contains some 4 million transposable element (TE)-derived sequences, which collectively influence gene expression from early embryogenesis to adulthood. The illegitimate production of oncogene-encoding TE-driven transpochimeric gene transcripts (TcGTs) has been noted in tumors, but their participation in the oncogenic process has seldom been demonstrated. Here we describe how the aberrant de-repression of a primate-specific LTR66 endogenous retroviral promoter generates a TcGT overexpressing the great-ape-restricted POU5F1B retrogene in ~65% of 286 colorectal cancers (CRC) patients, correlating with more advanced tumor stages and shorter relapse-free and overall survival. We further demonstrate that the POU5F1B protein stimulates the clonogenic and proliferation capacity of human CRC cell lines in vitro, and their tumorigenic and metastatic potential in mouse xenotransplantation models. Although POU5F1B is a retrotransposition-mediated derivative of the POU5F1/OCT4 transcription factor, its product is a predominantly cytoplasmic protein enriched in membranes that associates with mediators of signal transduction, notably the ERBB2 receptor tyrosine kinase and several of its known interactors. POU5F1B overexpression results in activating genes involved in signaling, and conditioned medium of POU5F1B-overexpressing cells enhances the clonogenic potential of CRC cells in trans. As POU5F1B is encoded by an apparently non-essential gene only lowly expressed in normal tissues, and as POU5F1B-containing TcGTs are detected in other tumors besides CRC, it represents an attractive target for the development of cancer therapies. Citation Format: Laia Simo-Riudalbas, Evarist Planet, Sandra Offner, Julien Duc, Laurence Abrami, Sagane Dind, Alexandre Coudray, Mairene Coto-Llerena, Salvatore Piscuoglio, Claus L. Andersen, Jesper Bertram Bramsen, Didier Trono. Transposon-activated POU5F1B promotes colorectal cancer growth and metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2853.


This study aims to determine the feasibility of variations in Attacing training with the 2020 Power Play futsal strategy. This research method is a type of research and development or Research and Development (R&D). The subjects of this study were taken from the Academy Bersama FS Medan, the Academy KQFC Medan and CP. Dasatama FC TebingTinggi. The small group trial involved 10 subjects at the Academy Club with FS Medan. The large group trial in this study involved 30 athletes from the club Academy KQFC Medan and CP. Dasatama FC TebingTinggi, This variation of Attacing training with the 2020 futsal Power Play strategy has been made and validated by 3 experts, namely, Expert Trainers, Sports Experts and Linguists. The results of the small group test involving 10 futsal athletes from the Academy with FS, 10 athletes from the Academy Bersama FS Medan, showed that the various forms of attacking exercises with the Power Play Strategy met the criteria to be continued in large group trials with a percentage of 70 - 100%. The results of the large group test involved 30 futsal athletes from the KQFC Medan Academy and CP. DasatamaTebingTinggi, 30 athletes from the Academy KQFC Medan and CP. DasatamaTebing is high, indicating that the various forms of attacking exercises with the Power Play Strategy fulfill the criteria to be continued in large group trials with a percentage of 90 - 100%. It can be concluded that the development of various Attacing exercises with the Power Play strategy can be categorized as "very good" with the meaning "feasible and usable. Because this is important in improving training and competition and can make it easier for coaches to do Attacing exercises with the Power Play strategy.


Objective: In order to inform the development of culturally safe models of mental healthcare and promotion, this concurrent mixed methods study explored the following research questions: 1) What are the characteristics of community members with positive attitudes toward seeking mental health services and 2) What are the barriers and promoters of mental health service access for Bangladeshi immigrants living in the "Little Bangladesh" locale in Toronto, Canada which has one of the highest rates of people seeking mental health care in the city. Method: Participants were surveyed in the quantitative phase (n = 47) using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Inventory of Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS) and interviewed during the qualitative phase (n = 20). Results: The quantitative phase found that male gender, Journal of Concurrent Disorders Volume (TBD), Issue (TBD), 2020 (pp. (TBD) attending school in Canada, and being employed in one's field of study/work were associated with more positive attitudes toward seeking mental healthcare. Lack of economic integration, mental health awareness and education, mental health literacy, and the presence of community mental health stigma were identified as the major barriers toward seeking care in the qualitative phase. Conclusion and Implication: After merging phases, the common factor that emerged from both legs of the study was the stressor of economic insecurity during the migration and resettlement process and how that acts as a barrier to seeking mental healthcare. Participants recommended a multi-pronged, targeted mental health outreach campaign to facilitate economic integration for new immigrants, address mental health stigma, promote available mental health resources, and develop new models of care.


Agranulocytosis is an event that may endanger life and that may occur by the use of multiple medications. Metamizol, it is a drug classically associated with this event, but in some cases it is preferably used in certain pathologies for its beneficial properties. Your hematologic toxicity has led to its banin over 20 countries. Therefore, it should review the frequency with which this complication can to warn and guide the patient in each case.


The flourishing of special medicine contribute to the development of modern medicine.Although it maybe lack organizing and system thinking,special medicine will be the theme of our general hospital medical practice in a long term,we must be conscious.This article tries to analyze the reasons of misdiagnosis from the angle of philosophy,and point out training scientific clinical thinking is the approach to prevent or reduce misdiagnosis,it also proposes some aspects in training organising and system clinical thinking during clinical course.


In this study, the optically stimulated luminescence dating technique was used to determine the time of deposition of alluvial sediment samples from the Türkoğlu-Antakya segment of the East Anatolian Fault System (EAFS) in Turkey. The double-single aliquot regenerative dose protocol on fine grain samples was used to estimate equivalent doses (De). Annual dose rate was computed using elemental concentration of uranium (U) and thorium (Th) determined by using thick-source alpha counting and potassium (K) concentrations using X-ray fluorescence and/or atomic absorption spectroscopy. The environmental dose was measured in situ using α-Al2O3:C chips inside plastic tubes for a year. The two different bulk sediment samples collected from the Islahiye trench yielded ages of 4.54 ± 0.28 and 2.91 ± 0.23 ka. We also obtained a 2.60 ± 0.18 ka age for the alluvial deposit in the Kıranyurdu trench and 2.31 ± 0.14 ka age for an excavation area called Malzeme Ocağı. These ages were consistent with the corresponding calibrated Carbon-14 (14C) ages of the region. The differences between the determined ages were insufficient to clearly distinguish the disturbance event from the effects of bioturbation, biological mixing, or other sources of De variation in the region. They provide a record of alluvial aggradation in the region and may determine undocumented historical earthquake events.


A study on mosquito fauna in three foot hill villages on the western side of Sirumalai hills, Dindigul, Tamilnadu was carried out for the period of six months. Both resting and biting adults and immature forms were collected. A total number of 505 mosquitoes belonging to 12 species of 4 genera were identified. The alpha diversity index calculated for the three villages did not vary much. It was high in Thoppampatti (0.91) and least in Valaiyapatti village (0.69). The dominant species was Armigeres subalbatus (48.11%) followed by the two important vectors, Aedes aegypti (13.66%) and Culex quinquefasciatus (11.62%).


This article presents a study case focused on the establishment and improvement of the service level in a central warehouse of a hospital organization in Colombia which provide the products of medical use, clothing, anesthetics, and supplies, to nineteen medical dependencies. The warehouse is managed by a person, developing planning processes, purchases, reception, and administration of products or inventories who depends on the administrative and financial sub-direction of the institution. Through the use of interviews and surveys conducted at different dependencies. As well as the collection of information in the field, there were problems with the availability of products due to problems related to planning purchases which are done empirically without data analysis. Taking into account the problematic previously raised, we took different models of predictions as well as the use of the Mean Squared Error (MSE) and the accuracy of predictions to determine the best model according to with the product analyzed.


Although numerous studies have emphasized the importance of local knowledge and science, as well as collaboration between local people and scientists in social and environmental governance, it is often assumed that local people produce and possess only local knowledge while scientists have only scientific knowledge. The aim of this study was to explore whether and how the local knowledge of scientists influences their impact on governance performance, using desertification control in northern China as a typical case. This research produces three major findings. (1) Scientists' local knowledge did improve their impact on desertification control. (2) Among the three important types of local knowledge, an understanding of local social relationships, wisdom, and methods was more important than an understanding of local conditions. (3) Successful applications of local knowledge by scientists shared seven collaborative factors that stressed the scientists' local knowledge, the scientists' behaviours, and laws and regulations.


This paper is concerned with the development and operation of Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs). The paper examines the financial structure of a CCRC, being developed by the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust, and describes a population model utilising transition probabilities to project care needs and financial performance. The paper then explores the possibility of commercial organisations becoming involved in this market, and examines the risks that such a venture would entail and the strategies that may be adopted to reduce these risks.


The essential cyclicity of the digraphs with a Hamiltonian path and a Hamiltonian cycle respectively have been investigated and their Laplacian spectra was also fully presented,which imply that the digraphs have completely real Laplacian spectrum.


The asymptotic distribution of the maximum of the logrank statistic and the modified Wilcoxon statistic is examined [in order to test] the equality of two survival distributions. A table is provided to facilitate use of the maximum statistics and Monte Carlo simulation experiments are used to investigate the small-sample properties of the maximum statistic. An example is given to illustrate the use of the methods developed in this paper. (SUMMARY IN FRE) (EXCERPT)


Financial markets and their respective assets are so intertwined; analyzing any single market in isolation ignores important information. We investigate whether time varying volatility comovement and spillover impact the true variance-covariance matrix under a time-varying correlation set up. Statistically significant volatility spillover and comovement between US, UK and Japan is found. To demonstrate the importance of modelling volatility comovement and spillover, we look at a simple portfolio optimization application. A utility based comparison is used to evaluate the economic performance of the portfolio which considers time varying correlation with volatility comovement and spillover. This paper shows that a portfolio strategy incorporating time-varying correlation with asymmetric volatility comovement and spillover outperforms the constant correlation model without comovement and spillover by yielding the highest level of wealth and utility difference of up to 250 basis points.


This research study investigates the relationship between the use of Model Base Testing (MBT) and organizational performance. MBT is the submission of Model Based Design for scheming and optimally performing the essential objects to achieve software testing. Models can be custom to characterize the anticipated conduct of the System under Test, or to characterize the anticipated testing policies and testing situation. Use of MBT is explored in Pakistani context through discussion of different approaches of MBT. Data has collected through online questionnaires and then frequencies bar charts have been created and used to represent the responses which indicate that the use of MBT increases reliability, effectiveness and organizational performance. But cost reduction is not applicable in Pakistani context due to its introductory stage.


We employ a novel brokerage account dataset to investigate the relation between individual investor attention and performance. In addition to portfolio holdings and trades, we observe when investors log-in to their trading account, what information they look at, and how much time they spend processing such information. We show that attention is positively related to investment performance – both at the portfolio return level as well as the individual trades level – and provide evidence that the superior performance of high-attention investors arises because they behave as momentum traders that purchase stocks early in the momentum cycle, several months before reversal sets in. We also show that paying attention is particularly profitable when trading stocks with high market capitalization, trading volume, volatility, number of analysts, dispersion of analyst forecasts, and news – indicating that it is for the stocks with high uncertainty, but for which a lot of public information is available, that it pays to pay attention. Finally, we find that account holders with higher invested wealth and higher exposure to small capitalization stocks, growth stocks, momentum stocks, and the overall market, are more attentive; that males pay more attention than females; and that attention is an increasing function of investors' age.


In the article, the issue of legal future economist training is updated, because economic theory significantly affects the economic policy of the state and the development of law; it is emphasized that without knowledge of legal norms, experts in the economic field will not be able to perform their official duties at the proper level. The paper aims to substantiate the need for legal training of future specialists in the economic field in the conditions of a modern market economy.
A historical excursion on the relationship between law and economy was conducted. It was concluded that these are complementary aspects of the state's life, and these fields cannot exist without each other. It is emphasized that in the conditions of a market economy, the role of the law and other legal influence on economic relations is growing more and more because, in a civilized society, law and commerce are one whole of the democratic process.
The work highlights the major forms of legal regulation of the economy in Ukraine: namely: Laws, Decrees, Regulations, etc. The attention is focused on the need to study economic law since future experts in the economic field must be familiar with the legal norms regulating social relations in the field of organization and implementation of economic activities between economic entities. It is also about financial law, which is one of the leading branches of Ukrainian law and, along with others, is adapting to the new conditions of reform during the transition of the state to a market economy, so future experts in the economic field together with business law must acquire the necessary competencies in financial law.
It is noted that the legal training of future specialists in the economic field should be a priority in the course of vocational training at a higher educational institution since their quality professional activity in the legal field will depend on the acquisition of the necessary knowledge.


The objective of the article is to assess the extent to which party ideology and strategic incentives account for political parties' attitudes to European integration in one of the East Central European EU-applicant countries, Hungary. Starting with general propositions regarding the relationship between particular ideological strands and orientations to European integration, the main focus of the article is on individual parties' policies and rhetoric on the EU as shaped by the dynamic context of the party system. The Hungarian case suggests that, while ideology structures underlying attitudes to integration, parties' predispositions are not directly translated into a corresponding policy of supporting or rejecting membership per se: the parties are constrained by their own early pro-European rhetoric as well as short-term competitive pressures and the need to be acceptable as coalition partners.