Background Simulation is an educational method that utilizes scenarios and simulators that aide to replicate real clinical situations. This research was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of simulation and satisfaction following the use of high-fidelity simulation among nursing students studying at undergraduate level.
 Materials and Methods This is a quasi-experimental research study which was conducted in the simulation laboratory of Mangaluru, Karnataka. This study involves simulation-based learning to improve clinical competency among 100 B.Sc. nursing students. The presimulation self-efficacy was assessed by giving a questionnaire to the students. After the pretest, the researchers gave a brief introduction to the simulation scenario and explained the facilities available in the simulation laboratory. Learning objectives were explained and the samples were divided into small groups. The simulation was given using clinical scenarios and computer-assisted Human Patient Simulator for 45 minutes in the simulation laboratory. Postassessment of self-efficacy as well as student satisfaction assessment were performed using a questionnaire.
 Results The findings showed that the simulation is a productive learning strategy and builds confidence. After the simulation, 79% of students strongly agreed that their self-efficacy improved in the management of patients with respiratory emergencies. The results showed positive correlation between the variables which indicates higher level of self-efficacy improves satisfaction among learners. The present study results also revealed that 98% of students had good satisfaction and found debriefing very useful.
 Conclusion The high-fidelity simulation had a great influence on improving self-efficacy and satisfaction. Hence, simulation needs to be incorporated into the curriculum to enrich skills.


OBJECTIVES: To analyze the available literature on the performance of artificial intelligence-generated clinical models for the prediction of serious life-threatening events in non-ICU adult patients and evaluate their potential clinical usage. DATA SOURCES: The PubMed database was searched for relevant articles in English literature from January 1, 2000, to January 23, 2022. Search terms, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and deterioration, were both controlled terms and free-text terms. STUDY SELECTION: We performed a systematic search reporting studies that showed performance of artificial intelligence-based models with outcome mortality and clinical deterioration. DATA EXTRACTION: Two review authors independently performed study selection and data extraction. Studies with the same outcome were grouped, namely mortality and various forms of deterioration (including ICU admission, adverse events, and cardiac arrests). Meta-analysis was planned in case sufficient data would be extracted from each study and no considerable heterogeneity between studies was present. DATA SYNTHESIS: In total, 45 articles were included for analysis, in which multiple methods of artificial intelligence were used. Twenty-four articles described models for the prediction of mortality and 21 for clinical deterioration. Due to heterogeneity of study characteristics (patient cohort, outcomes, and prediction models), meta-analysis could not be performed. The main reported measure of performance was the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) (n = 38), of which 33 (87%) had an AUROC greater than 0.8. The highest reported performance in a model predicting mortality had an AUROC of 0.935 and an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.96. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, a growing number of studies develop and analyzes artificial intelligence-based prediction models to predict critical illness and deterioration. We show that artificial intelligence-based prediction models have an overall good performance in predicting deterioration of patients. However, external validation of existing models and its performance in a clinical setting is highly recommended.


Abstract This communication describes an experiment done with student teachers in the third year of their Early Childhood Education teaching degree at the University of Seville. The experiment was conducted in the mandatory subject of Knowledge of the Social Environment in Early Childhood Education. The basis for this experiment is student research as a strategy for experiencing and reflecting on a form of learning underpinned by their own interests and follows the different phases of a research process. After group research into social subject matter determined by the group itself, the students reflect on learning whilst seeking to identify the opportunities that this type of work provides in an Early Childhood Education class. This enables any practical professional issues to be identified around which the subject content can be organized. Keywords: training strategy, classroom research, early childhood education methodology, reflection on practice.


BACKGROUNDTo study the curative effects and nursing experience for acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases treated by injecting the Nimodiping with micropump.?CASE REPORT?72 cases of acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases were treated by injecting the Nimodiping with micropump. 8?mg of Nimodiping was administered at a time, once one day and 2?mg/h of speed was continually injected for 4 h. The blood pressure was determined every 30 min and the patient's ill mentation was especially payed attention to nurse except performing the routine nursing for the generic diseases.?DISCUSSION?The injection of the Nimodiping by micropump could precisely control and adjust the content of Nimodiping to keep the efficacious concentration in the body at long time and has a little of side effects. The different mind of patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular diseases is taken on essential nursing for the mentation and life to improve the therapeutic effects.


Analysis of classification system by video observation has been done. The system with aided classification based on probabilistic models is proposed. Feature vector contains the most informative components and allows the minimization of decision risks. Results have proven the reliability of classification during a number of video frames in the condition of non-full data descriptive space.


The electric bicycles of today are usually not constructed for regeneration, instead the batteries are only charged from the electric grid. Recharging the battery by reuse of kinetic energy may increase the range or reduce the size of a suitable battery. Hence, in this project a DC/DC-converter, that together with already existing parts of the bicycle, is constructed to provide the reuse of the kinetic energy. The regenerating circuit is of buck-boost circuit type, which is based on the integrated control circuit LM5118 from National Semiconductor. The theories behind a BLDC-motor and a buck-boost circuit are briefly described. The analysis of the circuit, which does not fully work, shows that efficiency above 90% can be reached with the kind of DC/DC-converter that is constructed. In the end of the report, some suggestions about further development of the circuit and some interesting studies that can be made, are given. INNEHALLSFORTECKNING 1 INLEDNING 1 1.1 Syfte 2 1.2 Metod 3 1.3 Avgransningar 3 2 BEFINTLIG UTRUSTNING 4 2.1 Navmotorn 4 2.2 Styrboxen 5 2.3 Batteriet 5 3 BESKRIVNING AV DE PRINCIPER SOM ANVANDS 6 3.1 BLDC 6 3.2 Buck/boostkrets 6 4 UPPMATNING AV MOTORNS KARAKTARISTIK 8 4.1 Frekvens som funktion av hastighet 8 4.2 Inducerad spanning som funktion av hastighet 11 5 KONSTRUKTION AV ATERLADDNINGSKRETSEN 12 5.1 Kontrollkretsens olika funktioner 12 5.2 Beskrivning av komponenternas funktion 14 5.3 Berakning av komponentvarden 16 5.4 Kretskortets layout 20 6 UTVARDERING AV ATERLADDNINGSKRETSEN 22 6.1 Aterladdningskretsen med intern styrning 22 6.2 Aterladdningskretsen med extern styrning 23 7 SLUTSATS OCH FORSLAG PA FORTSATT ARBETE 25 KALLFORTECKNING 27 Bilaga 1 – Reflexsensor Bilaga 2 – Komponentlistor Bilaga 3 – Aterladdningskrets med extern styrning Bilaga 4 – Matdata for aterladdningskrets med intern och extern styrning


Abstract. Since the 1970s, in-migration has driven swelling human presence and dramatic physical landscape changes in the Northern Ecuadori n Amazon frontier. Particularly in recent years, population growth and redistribution has engendered important consequences on deforestation and on the incipient, but increasing, urbanization in the frontier. This paper uses longitudinal and multi-sca le data on settler colonists in the Northern Ecuadoria n Amazon, between 1990 and 1999, to analyze the neglected importance of rural-rural and rural-urban migration of second-generation settler colonists from frontier areas in the Amazon. The results show important differentials between migrants in terms of personal characteristics, human capital endowmen ts, farm household life cycle, access to community resources and infrastructure, and migrati on networks. The paper also identifies the distinct effects of policy-relevant variables on migrants' c hoices of rural versus urban destinations.


The Brasilia airport is now one of the most responsible for the displacement of entry and exit of passengers from all over the world, bringing considerable in come for the Federal District. With the Confederations Cup, the World Cup in 2014 and the Olympics in 2016, it is estimated that the number of passengers and visitors to the Capital Federal tripled, bringing new visitors to Brasilia, but also higher income and investments as creating new jobs, generating wealth for the Federal District, as well as the expansion and creation of new businesses for the federal capital as for the environment. With this we also see the concern for the environment and the social, the appropriateness of the actions for which the investments are real and substantial incentives in getting to Brasilia. It is still necessary to be treated in this monograph, statistic son the number of domestic and international flights, and complementary data on the Brasilia airport. The purpose of this monograph and to portray the importance of Brasilia airport to various aspects such as transportation, the Confederations Cup and World Cup, characteristics of domestic and international flights, the development of the Midwest, social, environment al social responsibility ,environment al responsibility, economic aspects and wealth generation for the Federal District, as well as the history of the construction of the airport JK and its role in the development of the Federal District, the recent expansion of air transport in Brazil and the limits and possibilities of the airport in JK relation to regional development. The Brasilia Airport currently meets only 02 tracks flights, which are not sufficient for the number of flights available and much less the demands that will be for 2014 and 2016. The airport also has a few service stations and check-in, mats scrapped and care on the part of officials and aviation companies still deficient and disordered. There needs to be a standardization of procedures for loading and unloading, and greater control with regard to security at the airport and boarding of passengers. This research aims to show the deficiencies found in Juscelino Kubitschek International Airport, and solutions that relate in some way, may help settle controversies functional JK Airport.


Based on the hypothesis that climate and fertilizers influence the proportion of tiller age categories in the canopy and, consequently, in herbage accumulation, the objective of this study was to determine the population density and the contribution of tiller age categories for herbage accumulation of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu during the year and in response to phosphate and nitrogen fertilization. The treatments consisted of two fertilization strategies: low and high fertilization and three tiller ages (young, mature and old), evaluated at four times of the year: winter, early and late spring, and summer. The total number of tillers and the proportion of young tillers were higher in late spring and summer. The growth and herbage accumulation rates showed a typical seasonal pattern and were higher in the canopy under high fertilization. Old tillers contributed more to control the total stem growth rate, as well as the canopy senescence rate. The highest percentage of young tillers is related to the high herbage accumulation in the Marandu palisadegrass canopy.


A revealing portrait of the early political career of our new vice-president based on six years of research by a renowned political scientist. In examining Quayle's performance in Congress, Fenno also gives us a revealing picture of how bills actually become law. Lucid, highly readable, fast-paced. his best-selling collaboration of a distinguished political educator and a leading political writer continues to offer insightful analysis of the promise and performance of our constantly changing political system. The Sixth Edition includes full coverage of the 1988 campaign and election, with full-color inserts on both the Democratic and Republican national conventions. Just a few of the many other events and issues from recent headlines that are explored include the Iran-Contra arms deal, the resignation of Attorney General Edwin Meese, the Supreme Court ruling on Hustler v. Falwell, the Gramm-Rudman bill, improving U.S.-Soviet relations, and many other highlights of Ronald Reagan's second term. Available supplements include an Instructional Test Booklet, Study Guide, Videotapes, and a computerized Gradebook. Contact your HBJ sales representative for an examination copy today.


The relationship between plasminogen activator levels and the expression of the transformed phenotype was studied in a 5‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) dependent mutant of Syrian hamster melanoma cells. In terms of cell morphology and cellular interactions, the BrdUrd dependent cells resemble transformed cells when grown in the presence of BrdUrd but resemble untransformed cells when grown in the absence of BrdUrd. It was found that the BrdUrd dependent cells release significant levels of plasminogen activator only when cultured in the absence of BrdUrd. In the presence of BrdUrd, the release of plasminogen activator by the dependent cells is suppressed, and the decreased level of plasminogen activator released in the presence of BrdUrd seems to be due to decreased production of active enzyme. Growth tests revealed that the BrdUrd dependent cells, when attached to a substrate, required BrdUrd in order to attain high densities. Furthermore, the cells are able to grow well in soft agar only in the presence of BrdUrd. These results suggest that the production and release of high levels of plasminogen activator are not related (either as cause or effect) to the expression of the transformed phenotype in the BrdUrd dependent cells


The concept of intermolecular donor–acceptor (D–A) complexes is associated with interaction of molecular orbitals. It is assumed that the D–A bond between two molecules involves charge transfer from a donor to an acceptor. Mulliken$^{1,2}$ has generalized these concepts. Even though benzene–$I_2$ was the first D–A complex studied,$^3$ exact molecular orbital (MO) description of this complex is still not clear. Bromine which is next to iodine is expected to form D–A complex with benzene. The D–A complex of benzene–$Br_2$ is not studied by any spectroscopic technique. In the solid phase, a benzene–$Br_2$ complex is expected to have a structure in a $D_{6h}$ symmetry. Recent study on the hydrogen bonded complex of benzene with $HCl^4$ predicted a $C_{6v}$ symmetry. In an attempt to understand the D–A interaction, a series of molecular complexes have been studied in this laboratory by photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio MO study$^5$. Since the ionization energies of $\pi_g$ orbitals of $l_2$ and $\pi$ orbitals of benzene are about the same at 9.3 eV and that of $Br_2$ and benzene are well separated, a benzene– bromine D–A complex is chosen for this study. Here we report the first study of the D–A complex of benzene and bromine by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio MO calculations.


Chitosan/sericin blend membranes for adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated. A preliminary screening test was carried out to identify a suitable chitosan/sericin blend ratio. The blend membrane with a chitosan/sericin mass ratio of 4:1 was found to have a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 25.3 g/m2, which is 45 % greater than the maximum adsorption capacity of the pure chitosan membrane. The adsorption-desorption cycle studies showed that the chitosan/sericin blend affinity membrane could be reused, and over 80 % of the original adsorption capacity was retained after regeneration. Compared to other affinity membranes for BSA adsorption, the chitosan/sericin membrane exhibited a significantly high adsorption capacity with a comparable adsorption rate.


The three-dimensional numerical simulation of temperature and moisture in grain heap in warehouse during cooling ventilation with "F" layout was conducted based on computational fluid dynamics theory.The movement of temperature and moisture inside of grain heap was obtained and compared with the real measurement.


Numerical experiments suggest interesting properties in the several fields of fluid dynamics, plasma physics and population dynamics. Among such properties, there appear repeated support splitting and merging phenomena in the flow through a porous media with absorption as a dynamical behavior of the region occupied by the fluid. The model equation in one dimensional space is written in the form of the initial-boundary value problem for a nonlinear diffusion equation with the effect of absorption. In our result [15], we were able to interpret repeated support splitting and merging phenomena by proving Theorem 3 (Stabilization). However, strictly speaking, it is not yet proved that the support splitting phenomena occur in finite time. In this paper we prove it in the specific case by using Galaktionov-Vazquez's solution[3, 4].


The purpose of this paper is to examine the new landscape that is being formed for urban public transport in the new age of the sharing economy. In this paper, the evolution of shared mobility systems is examined through a literature review and the way that this trend is shaping the landscape of urban public transportation. Moreover, through a questionnaire survey amongst public transportation experts, the megatrends that are formed among public transport operators are examined, i.e., in which way they will respond to the new reality, e.g., will they take a competing or a collaborative stance, and how the modal split will be affected? Twenty-two (22) public transport experts from all over the world participated in the survey. It was found that carsharing and autonomous vehicles will positively affect the demand for urban public transport. Nevertheless, it was found that autonomous cars without carsharing will not have the desired results on demand for urban public transport, a finding that is crucial! Moreover, the experts seem to be very positive about public transport operators offering carsharing and autonomous vehicle services by their own means. The results were analyzed with the use of independent samples t-test and ANOVA.


Outcomes for revision endoscopic sinus surgery (RESS) are rarely reported in relation to technique. Our goal was to document the outcome of full‐house functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) (FHF) (complete sphenoethmoidectomy with Draf IIA frontal sinusotomy) for treatment of this recalcitrant group.


Cultivation of sports tourism talents in higher education started later and is still in the exploration stage,so there are lots of problems and shortages. Based on the triple helix theory, this article analyses the relationship among the deficiency in roles,management effectiveness of college- industry- government and problems of cultivating talented persons of sports tourism, and puts forward some relative countermeasures and suggestions, so as to provide some reference for cultivating high- quality sports tourism talents in institutes of higher education.


Resonant tunneling diode (RTD) structures have the potential to counteract plasmonic losses and thus enhance the gain performance of terahertz (THz) devices. Of particular interest are nitride-based devices, as their high breakdown voltages and capability of large voltage swing gives distinct advantages over Si-based technologies. In this paper, several resonant tunneling diode (RTD) configurations are modeled using FDTD techniques coupled with charge transport equations for completeness. The gain amplifications when integrated with a GaN HEMT are validated using reference measured data. Initial results show resonances up to 2.25 THz and gain improvements up to ~6 dB.


Results are presented on a study of resonant structure in the ωη and ωπ0 final states produced in π−p interactions at 18 GeV/c where ω→π+π−π0, π0→2γ, and η→2γ. Final states, such as ωη and ωπ0, which contain a vector meson, are allowed in the extended flux-tube model for the decay of hybrid mesons. In the ωπ0 final state, the data exhibit the well-known b1(1235) and the ρ3(1690) resonances. A one-pion exchange mechanism is clearly seen for the ρ3(1690). A detailed partial wave analysis of both ωη and ωπ0 is currently in progress.


This contribution presents the development and results of an International Summer School organized by CEIMAR Campus and the University of Granada (Spain). The school was intended for graduate students interested in physical processes in nearshore and estuarine systems. The "III CEIMAR International Summer School on Estuarine and Nearshore Systems: From Fundamentals to CuttingEdge Knowledge" consisted of 70 hours in a two-week period, and aimed at providing an integral view of actual coastal systems through topic lectures and hands-on practices (50%-50% of hours) led by international renowned experts. The students' activities included short individual self-presenting presentations; teamwork to carry out practices and a short research project, and final group presentations of the project outcome. The results of an anonymous survey submitted to the participants after the completion of the school indicated that the experience was highly positive, in personal as well as in professional terms. The participants' evaluation showed that the development of this type of activities is positive not only for learning and specialization but also to enhance transversal abilities, such as networking.


Abstract—Direct torque control (DTC) with space vector modulation (SVM) ensures constant switching frequency and high-performance operation, both in the steady state and under transient conditions. This article is devoted to the presentation of a comparison study between two DTC-SVM approaches for electric propulsion systems applications: (i) DTC-SVM with controllers, and (ii) DTC-SVM with sliding mode controllers. Following the formulation of both DTC-SVM approaches, their implementation in the Matlab-Simulink environment has been treated. The transient behavior as well as the steady state features of the drive system under both approaches are compared and commented. The robustness with respect to parameter variations of the induction motor drive is also tested. Simulation results show the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed DTC-SVM adaptive sliding mode control against variations of induction motor parameters.


Typical forms of stardom being set aside; concerns for both fan identification and for the credibility of new technological solutions to the realisation of fantasy characters made the LOTR films laboratories for new cultural and economic relations in film performance


Based on the comparison of the definitions and the incentive measures for both rare diseases and orphan drugs in several countries and regions,their current situation was analyzed so as to learn the positive effects of these incentive measures on the designation of orphan drugs.Suggestions were proposed to explore the policies on the development of orphan drugs in China.


In this paper, based on a new form of the hopping time distribution function ψ(t) in infrared divergence theory, the iteration expansions and asymptotic expansions for the mean-squared displacement and the dispersive diffusion coefficient are obtained. All the results contain a single parameter n, i.e., the infrared divergence exponent which characterizes dispersion. In comparison with other theories, the present theory is of more general interest and is in agreement with experiments much better and nearly perfectly.


Assessing conformational dimensions of macromolecules is a topic of long-standing interest. Because of its simplicity, it is attractive to investigate the chain properties in Θ-conditions. Under these special conditions, the effects of excluded volume of the segments of the polymer chain vanish. The molecular chain is only subject to local constraints resulting from the bond structure and the hindrance to rotations about bonds. To model Θ-conditions a contour length dependent cutoff is introduced ensuring that only nonbonded interactions of atoms of neighbouring monomeric units are taken into account for energy calculations. Using this energy model we will show that it is possible to model Θ-conditions of a single bisphenol-A polycarbonate (BPA-PC) chain in vacuum by two different methods: (i) (Pseudo-) Langevin dynamics simulations and (ii) regular reassignment of randomly generated atom velocities during a molecular dynamics simulation. Both methods can be used to avoid oscillative dynamic behaviour of the chain. Calculations of the end-to-end vector and the radius of gyration of the equilibrium ensembles derived from simulations at different temperatures show good agreement with experimental data. Thus our model techniques are well suited to simulate Θ-conditions with small computational expense.


In the title compound, C14H23N4O4P, the P atom is in a distorted tetrahedral environment with bond angles in the range 96.87 (6)–119.86 (6)°. The two morpholinyl groups adopt a chair conformation. The phenyl ring is disordered over two sets of sites with equal occupancies [0.500 (2)]. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into an extended chain running parallel to the a axis. Only one of the amidate N—H groups is involved in hydrogen bonding.


The authors are presenting a new system to produce multi-viewpoint panoramas of long, roughly planar scenes from a set of photographs. This system is designed to exhibit four main properties: 1 . Each object in the scene is rendered from a viewpoint roughly in front of it to avoid perspective distortion. 2. Composed of large regions of linear perspective seen from a viewpoint by a person. 3. Local perspective effects are evident. 4. The seams between these perspective regions do not draw attention.


Taxis and private hire vehicles play an important role in London's public transportation system. This article summarizes presentations from a recent International Association of Public Transport conference that describe this dynamic and evolving sector. A recent survey showed that 34% of London residents have used a taxi at least once and 36% have used a private hire vehicle. Overall customer satisfaction rates compare favorably to other transportation modes. Special projects are planned to improve service, especially in the area of safety, reliability, social inclusion, accessibility, service integration and cost-effectiveness. The radio taxi and private hire sectors are set to expand as they become better regulated and employ satellite tracking and navigation systems. London's traditional black taxicab also has evolved to incorporate new features that improve passenger comfort and mobility. The ability to change in response to customer needs has helped London's taxi and private hire industries to thrive and expand.


This study search to contribute to the debate of the effects of the agricultural trade liberalization on the poverty, with the premise of the existence of winners and losers in the process. Beyond a monetarist vision of the poverty and supported in capability's approach of A. Sen, we have tried to show the importance of the territorial resource "activation" (mobilization) of the rural agro-industry (RAI) concentrations with the approach of localized agro-food systems (LAFS). We analyze specially the collective action and a new type of coordination of actors, an hybrid form in the case of rural dairy sector in Cajamarca, Peru. This analysis present a proposal of territorial development supported in RAI, the territory and the collective action, but taking into account also the evolution in the concept from the poverty. This new development approach allows small agricultural producers to obtain gains in the trade liberalization process. The learned lessons can contribute to the discussion about the future of the small agriculture in Mexico. (Resume d'auteur)


Introduction and overview a dynamic portfolio balance macroeconomic model rational expectations - some basic issues rational expectations and policy neutrality nonuniqueness issues in rational expectations models rational expectations and saddlepoint behaviour the stability of government deficit financing under rational expectations macroeconomic stabilization policy under rational expectations the representative agent model equilibrium in a decentralized economy with distortionary taxes and inflation a dynamic analysis of taxes the representative agent in the international economy an introduction to endogenous growth models continuous-time stochastic optimization a stochastic intertemporal model of a small open economy.


A new method to transfer energy over short and long distances is to use hybrid lines. In this paper a lightning surge analysis for backflashovers on overhead transmission lines with one DC and three AC systems on the same tower is considered. Lightning strikes are the most common source of failures on transmission systems and are not considered for hybrid lines. The main aim is to get essential information about the behavior of the HVDC system due to a backflashover. We simulate a lightning stroke into a hybrid line using EMTP-ATP. The results clearly show that the 110-kV AC systems provide protective effects for the HVDC system. Therefore, it is concluded that the backflashover performance of HVDC systems is better on AC/DC hybrid lines, compared to identically constructed towers with just one HVDC system installed.


Ultrasonic measurement of the biparietal diameter is a frequently used technique in the assessment of fetal maturity. The popularity of this technique is based partly upon the claim that it can be performed with considerable precision, but recently published work has not supported this claim. This paper describes a blind clinical trial in which the precision of a single biparietal measurement was determined under normal clinical conditions. The results show that this measurement can be determined with a precision better than ±1.6 mm (±2 standard deviations). The clinical significance of this result is discussed.


Study Objectives. To determine if subjects with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity, and to determine the contributing factors.


(CHEST 2004; 125:330 –333) A 19-year-old white man was referred to the pulmonary clinic with a 2-month history of refractory cough, low-grade fevers, night sweats, and 30-lb weight loss. He had right-sided pleuritic pain and episodic scant hemoptysis. He denied smoking and using illicit drugs. He was single and had protected sex with two female partners over the past several years. He worked as a pipe fitter and denied any unusual hobbies, hunting, or recent travel. He would frequently go on camping and fishing trips near his hometown lake in southern Indiana. Chest radiographs and CT scans over 2 months showed progressive right upper lobe consolidation. He had negative findings on purified protein derivative and HIV screening. He had undergone bronchoscopy with normal results, and BAL specimens and brushes were culture negative for acid-fact bacilli, fungi, and cytology. He had been treated with multiple antibiotics, including amoxicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, clindamcyin, and cephalexin.


The main objective of this study was to identify how the internship helps management students to enter the job market. To achieve this goal, a semi-structured research was conducted, with closed questions based on the Likert scale and an open questionnaire, in which the target population was sent and had 108 respondents who participated or participated in internship programs. From the results of the questionnaire, it was observed that one-third of the organizations seek to professionally insert the trainees at the end of the graduation and that the other institutions often use the students as a form of cheap labor. In addition, with the students' speech, one can also analyze the relation of theory-practice in the formation of the, the motivation related to the activities performed in that period and the development of the career and how the role of the manager influence in the period of the stage.


An apparatus was developed to test and record the effect of volatile substances on the flight of tethered insects. It consists of a rotary flight mill within a glass chamber through which there is a continuous air flow, and a photocell-ratemeter-paper chart recording system. This system provides a permanent quantitative record of flight speed and duration and shows immediate and subtle changes in flight speed. The apparatus can be adapted for computer programming by a digital voltmeter and tape punch. Introduction of sex pheromone (as female frass) into the flight chamber caused male Douglas-fir beetles, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, and striped ambrosia beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier), to cease flight abruptly. This is considered to be strong evidence for the arrestant effect of pheromones on flying scolytids. The apparatus has promise as a tool in the study of the effect of pheromones and volatile host attractants on flying insects.


Farkas (1994, 2002a) points out that the concept of specificity with indefinites is notoriously non-specific, and serves as a cover term for at least three separate phenomena, namely scopal specificity, epistemic specificity, and partitivity (see also the summary in Ionin 2009). The focus of the present paper is on the first two types of specificity, leaving aside partitivity (also known as presuppositionality or set membership; see Enç 1991, Diesing 1992 and de Hoop 2003, among others, for discussion). Scopal specificity refers to the ability of the indefinite to be interpreted outside the scope of an operator, such as an intensional verb, as in (1), a modal, or negation (Dahl 1970; Ioup 1977; Kartunnen 1976): i.e., this type of specificity is equivalent to wide scope.


A theory is presented for surface magnetoplasmons in a metal film with a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the surfaces. In the model, electrons from a free electron gas bounded by a pair of surfaces which are represented by an infinite potential barrier. Within the RPA, the authors work out the non-local response function, first ignoring quantum interference effects induced by the surfaces. A Ritchie-Marusak expression for the magnetoplasmon dispersion relation is derived, as first obtained by Horing and Yildiz (1973). The long-wavelength dispersion due to non-local effects is discussed both for a half-space and for very thin films. For the full infinite barrier model, they show how one can write the basic RPA integral equation for the density response function in a way in which the semiclassical RPA is the zeroth-order approximation. Generalising Beck's argument (1971) they prove that the local approximation for the long-wavelength surface magnetoplasmon is exact in the q/sub /// to O limit of the full infinite barrier model.


The effect of nitrogen doping on the barrier properties of sputter-deposited tantalum carbide (Ta–C) films was investigated for the first time. With increasing nitrogen concentration, it was found that the resistivity of the barrier layer increases, while the growth rate decreases. In addition, the use of an optimum N2/Ar flow rate ratio of 2/24 during sputtering allows one to achieve tantalum carbon nitride (Ta–C–N) films with the highest thermal stability. According to I–V measurements on reverse-biased Cu/barrier/p+n diodes, the 600-Å-thick Ta–C–N barrier layer appeared to be effective in preventing Cu from reaching the Si substrate after 600°C annealing in N2 for 30 min, which is about 100°C higher than that in the case without nitrogen incorporation. The failure of the thermally annealed Ta–C–N film was attributed to the Cu diffusion through the local defects or grain boundaries of the layer into the Si substrate, which results in a significant increase in the diode leakage current.


General Ray (GR) method for solution of the Dirichlet boundary value problems for the Laplace type equation with variable coefficient is proposed. The method is based on reduction of Partial Differential Equation (PDE) to assemblage of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) using local traces for considered functions and operators. GR-method presents the solution of the Dirichlet boundary value problem for this type of equations by explicit analytical formulas that use the direct and inverse Radon transform. Proposed version of GR-method is justified theoretically, realized as stable algorithms and program package in MATLAB system. The quality of constructed software is demonstrated by numerical experiments. Applications to the stationary problems of electrodynamics and HEAT TRANSFER thermo conductivity are discussed.


An electrohydraulic hybrid power cutting transmission system for roadheader under specific working condition was proposed in this paper. The overall model for the new system composed of an electric motor model, a hydraulic pump-motor model, a torsional planetary set model, and a hybrid power train model was established. The working mode characteristics were simulated under the conditions of taking the effect of cutting picks into account. The advantages of new hybrid power cutting system about the dynamic response under shock load were investigated compared with the traditional cutting system. The results illustrated that the hybrid power system had an obvious cushioning in terms of the dynamic load of cutting electric motor and planetary gear set. Besides, the hydraulic motor could provide an auxiliary power to improve the performance of the electric motor. With further analysis, a dynamic load was found to have a high relation to the stiffness and damping of coupling in the transmission train. The results could be a useful guide for the design of cutting transmission of roadheader.


Background: Series of discharges from an implanted defibrillator (ICD) to terminate life‐threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias are one particular aspect of energy use and success of ICD therapy. Little is known about prevalence, characteristics, and risk stratification of so‐called "cluster arrhythmias".


Abstract Helicopter drivetrain components depend on oil lubrication to maintain elastohydrodynamic lubrication between sliding surfaces and are susceptible to a loss of lubrication event. A loss of lubrication event starves the mechanical interfaces of oil, pushing them from elastohydrodynamic toward mixed and boundary lubrication regimes. In those regimes, scuffing initiation and thermal runaway occur, resulting in a loss of torque transmission. Lubricious nanocomposite coatings made of a molybdenum disulfide and graphitic carbon are studied in combination with a titanium carbon nitride (TiCN) hard sublayer to improve scuffing resistance. Two experimental methods using a rotating ball-on-disc tribometer were conducted to evaluate the scuffing performance of the coatings. The first method is a load capacity experiment that incrementally increases load until either a maximum stress of 2.38 GPa or scuffing occurs. The second method is a loss of lubrication experiment that maintains a constant speed and contact stress with a running-in period before the lubricant supply is turned off. The elapsed time between the initiated scuff and the oil supply removal is the key experimental result. Experimental results show the time to scuffing initiation after loss of lubrication supply is extended with the application of a nanocomposite coating on a hard sublayer above the application of a hard coating alone and the uncoated medium superfinish baseline. Additional experiments were performed to study the effect of surface roughness and nanocomposite coating composition, but conclusions were limited due to a weaker adhesion strength of the TiCN sublayer applied with a lower deposition temperature to maintain steel substrate hardness.


Abstract Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is an aggressive malignancy arising from the trophoblastic tissue. It is rarely seen in association with advanced intrauterine pregnancy. Most common manifestations are due to bleeding caused by the rich vascularity of trophoblastic tissue. We describe here a case of a 28-year-old female patient who presented to us at 32 weeks of pregnancy with sudden onset dyspnea and hemodynamic instability. On evaluation, imaging techniques revealed a gross left hemothorax requiring intercostal tube insertion for stabilization. Emergency thoracotomy and hemothorax drainage were performed wherein a tumor mass in the lower lobe of left lung was identified and resected. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of choriocarcinoma. Beta HCG levels were found to be elevated. Final diagnosis of a FIGO stage IV high-risk gestational choriocarcinoma was made. Following this, six cycles of multi-agent EMA-CO chemotherapy was administered to the patient. Patient had an excellent response to treatment with documented serial fall in β HCG levels and she continues to be in remission after 6 months of follow-up. In conclusion, in the circumstance of any pregnant women presenting with abnormal bleeding symptoms such as hemothorax, choriocarcinoma as a cause should be considered for early diagnosis and effective management.


—The Bachat earthquake (M = 6.1) with the epicenter coordinates of 54.29° N, 86.17° E occurred on June, 18 2013 near the Bachatsky coal strip mine, is the world's largest earthquake induced while mining solid minerals. More than 5000 aftershocks were registered and the spatial volumetric structure of the aftershock area was investigated. The Bachat coal field is located in the Salair zone of the Kuznetsk Depression and is represented by a brachysynclinal fold of a very complex structure characterized by the damage and fracturing behaviors of rocks. The main event is confined to the coal-mine pit wall, with the greatest density of aftershocks observed in its middle portion. In the cross section, aftershocks form a wide area with its deepened portion shifted towards the Kuznetsk Depression, while large faults bounding the depression dip down under the Salair Ridge. In the exposed pit wall, at a depth of 4 km, the activated area resembles a rhombus whose horizontal diagonal line runs across the entire length of the mine pit and decreases both in upward and downward directions. The area is seismically activated to a depth of 6 km, with more intense activation of rock mass observed within the 1–3 km depth interval. Results of the study of the mechanisms of aftershock sources revealed a disagreement between the stress state of rock mass of the Bachatsky open-pit coal mine modeled from the mechanisms of aftershocks, and the mainshock mechanism of the Bachat earthquake.


This study investigated the relationship between perfectionism and four distinct leadership types: transformational, transactional, passive/avoidant, and authentic. Perfectionism was treated as a grouping variable as dictated by scores on two aspects (performance standards and perceived discrepancy meeting standards) of the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised; participants were either classified as an adaptive, a maladaptive, or a non-perfectionist. Data were collected from 105 manager/subordinate pairs across a wide range of fields, and separate ANCOVAs were run for each type of leadership, with self-esteem and personality being controlled in each. Adaptive perfectionist scores on the transformational leadership measure were shown to be significantly higher than maladaptive and non-perfectionist scores. No significant differences were found between perfectionism group on the other three leadership scores, but medium to large effect sizes were found, suggesting that the results may carry a practical significance despite failing to result in statistical significance. Perfectionism and Leadership 3 Personality and Leadership: The Effects of Perfectionism The study of leadership in the workplace has become a top priority for many businesses, and for good reason. The rapidly changing nature of some businesses calls for a flexible and adaptive leadership style, while other more bureaucratic companies may utilize a rigid, endsbased form of leadership. In either case, those who find themselves in a position to influence others ultimately choose the form of leadership that they believe will be most effective. Effective leadership has been shown to increase subordinates' quality of work (Masi & Cooke, 2000) and task performance (Johnson & Dipboye, 2008) across a wide range of fields. In addition, certain types of leadership have a positive effect on more abstract yet equally important factors such as motivation (Charbonneau, Barling, & Kelloway, 2001), organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors (Koh, Steers, & Terborg, 1995), group cohesion (Avolio, 1999), and job satisfaction (Hoyt & Blascovich, 2003). Due to the positive effects listed above, contemporary researchers have attempted to identify the types of leadership styles that invite positive change in these outcomes. At the same time, researchers have also distinguished the various personality traits and emotional states deemed either necessary for or incompatible with successful leadership techniques. However, one personality construct that has not been studied in relation to leadership is perfectionism, a multidimensional construct with both positive and negative aspects (Hamachek, 1978). Given the role perfectionism plays in numerous other areas of interpersonal functioning, the present study attempts to illustrate the relationship between perfectionism and leadership style. To begin, I will review relevant literature on four major types of leadership: transformational, transactional, passive/avoidant, and authentic. I will investigate the linkages between each form of leadership and various personality traits, most notably the "Big Five" Perfectionism and Leadership 4 factors of personality (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience). Next, I will be reviewing perfectionism from a multi-dimensional approach in which the trait is broken down into maladaptive (or negative, neurotic) perfectionism and adaptive (or positive, healthy) perfectionism. Both forms of perfectionism will be reviewed in-depth and studied in relation to other personality traits. Finally, I will attempt to predict which type of perfectionist is most likely to exhibit which leadership style.


The purpose of this empirical study is to determine how and to what extent the use of animations impacts auditory acquisition, one of the key learning fields in 6th grade grammar, as measured by students' academic success and completion rates. By using a pre-test and post-test design, this emrical study randomly divided a group of Turkish 6th graders into an experimental and a control group, who were taught the same standard lessons (as set forth in the Turkish annual lesson plan) by the same teacher for a period of 10 weeks. In addition to the standard lessons, the experimental group was also shown animations. The results revealed that phonetics performance improved for both the experimental and the control group, but that the group who had been shown the animations improved much more than the group who had been instructed via traditional methods only.


This ongoing research focuses on providing skills based on motor-perceptual behaviors to an underwater vehicle in order to execute collision-avoidance trajectories in a more natural and intuitive way. An intuitive action can be seen as a reflex in humans and some animals. Reflexs do not involve a conscious reasoning at the time of execution, this is because a motorperceptual skill for a particular action has been already developed in the brain from a past execution. For the case of a robot, the analogy would be that, during a collision-avoidance action, no sensor feedback is needed to correct the robot's state, and thus there is no need of applying a control law to achieve the required locomotion. The direct consequence of this would be the reduction of robot cost while maintaining its performance. Our approach involves a training phase, in which a set of primitive curve trajectories, at different radius and velocities, parameterized in time and orientation, are performed by using a PD control. By applying a linear regression classifier, only those output control parameters that yield stable and accurate trajectories are fed to a knowledge database. These parameters are used to perform intuitive trajectories without using a control law. Preliminary results show the feasibility of our method.


As the mainstream media of a specific region,the municipal level party newspapers have natural "correspondent point" in reporting the people's livelihood news.The municipal party newspaper should actively work with its members to enhance the capacity and standing of the local party newspapers,to enable them to fully realize their vital role in communities.The core objectives of the municipal party newspaper include: Developing an active network that will support the development and continuation of the municipal party newspapers in local areas;Raising the profile of that particular region with all levels of government;Fostering cooperation between municipal party newspapers.It should have noble conception from material selection and report-writing.Just as the military has a chain of command,newspapers have a hierarchy of editors responsible for various aspects of the operation.The editorial staff oversees all aspects of the paper on both the editorial(news) side of things as well as the business side,responsible for all aspects of the news operation,including the content of the paper,ensuring that it's the best that it can be.


Research and Development (R&D) encompasses all the innovative activities of organizations engaged in the development of new products (recycled materials, hardware, software, services) or enhancement of existing ones. In the US, the Research & Development cost to revenue ratio averages 3.5% but reaches even higher levels of up to 40%. Research & Development applies scientific methods with iterative and cyclical processes through which information is constantly updated and replaced, using the Experimenting (Design of experiments, DOE). The experimenting is an empirical way to arbitrate competing models or hypotheses in order to test existing theories or new hypotheses. The experimenting not only contains the design as it is commonly thought but includes the sequential stages: creating designs, analyzing and constructing the plans of the experiments, optimizing the plans of the experiments and optimizing the response of the experiments. Experimental designs include different types, but today, factor designs, responsive surface designs, mixture design, and Taguchi designs are mostly used. This paper demonstrates the application of the methodology of experimentation with the creation, analysis, development of experimental plans, optimization of the experimental plan, and optimization of the experimentation response, in one specific example of a chemical reaction from practice, using the computer program Minitab®


The optimal dose of olsalazine was evaluated in 37 patients with active ulcerative colitis. (16 had mild and 21 had moderate disease.) They were randomized to two groups - olsalazine, 2 g (Group A, 17 patients) and 3 g (Group B, 20 patients). The drug was administered orally at 0.5 g/day initially, then increased to 2 or 3 g/day after 1 week and continued for a further 4 weeks. Corticosteroids or immunosuppressants were not used. Group A consisted of 4 patients with total colitis, 10 with left-sided disease and 3 with proctitis, and group B of 7, 11 and 2, respectively. Efficacy was evaluated by number and consistency of stools, presence of blood and mucus, laboratory data and endoscopic examination. In group A, ten cases (59%) improved clinically, 6 were unchanged and 1 was exacerbated, and in B, the number of cases were 11 (55%), 5 and 4, respectively. The clinical improvement was confirmed by endoscopic examination in the 5th week. Diarrhoea was a common side-effect: 4 cases (24%) in group A and 9 (45%...


. The purpose of this paper is to scientifically summarize the development status of the Winter Olympics, inherit and carry forward the scientific and technological heritage of the "Scientific and Technological Olympics", and conduct targeted research and discussion on the future development trend of sports science and technology. The study systematically discusses the development status, science and technology, and technological heritage of the Beijing Winter Olympics, and explores and interprets the connotation and significance of the "Science and Technology Olympics". Behind the competition of Olympic Games is the competition of science and technology, the history of 100 years of Olympic Games is also the history of sports science and technology development, "science and technology" and "Olympic Games" promote each other and mutually benefi-cial symbiosis; the scientific and technological Olympics have Chinese characteristics and Chinese wisdom, and the innovation of sports science and technology will play an important role in digital sports, intelligent sports and sports limit breakthrough. Sports technology innovation will play an important role in digital sports, intelligent sports and sports limit breakthrough; Technology Olympics will certainly help intelligent training venues, intelligent equipment, sports data, cham-pionship models, electronic judges, viewing experience and Olympic preparation. This shows that under the background of China's "national system", applying the latest science and technology to sports practice, insisting on independent science and technology innovation, and vigorously developing the road of science and technology for athletics and mass sports can better carry forward the "spirit of Beijing Winter Olympics" and continue to bring the advanced technology of "Science and Technology Olympics" to the world. The advanced concept of "Science and Technology Olympics" will be carried forward.


Photoconductivity measurements performed under carefully controlled conditions have revealed that the dominant defects in low temperature, electron irradiated n-type Ge are optically active, double-acceptor type defects which thermally anneal at a temperature around 65°K. The stability of these defects is sensitive to temperature, background light levels, irradiation fluenced and fluxes, and probably impurity type and concentration. It is concluded from the results of this and other studies that the optically active defect is probably an isolated vacancy.


These informal notes are concerned with spaces of functions in various situations, including continuous functions on topological spaces, holomorphic functions of one or more complex variables, and so on.


MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. Adult Education: Comparative Analysis; *uides: Interviews: Job Analysis: *Job Performance; *Job Skills: *Job Training: *Program Effectiveness: Reference Materials: Student Attitudes: *Task Analysis; Teacher Attitudes; Training M nod. A study compared job-performance-aided (JPA) training developed for a nontechnical area (census enumerator /interviewer) with training developed using the instructional systems aesign (ISD) model. (JPA training, an elaboration of the ISD approach, requires redesign of job reference materials into job-performance aias to simplify training and job performance.) Three pairs of census 'district offices, matched on variables related to difficulty of enumeration, were randomly assigned to the two training methods and used training guides prepared using the two models. Data from 1197 JPA trained and 1389 control enumerators were available far analysis. Attitudinal data, collected before and after job experience, served as 'basis for comparison. (Only some collected performance data were analyzed for reasons described.). Both training approaches wefe very successful in terms of positive ratings by trainees. JPA trainees, however, gave significantly higher ratings of training.guality, job preparedness, reading ease of training materials, adequacy of trairming length, and ratings of specific activities. They also reported significantly higher level of on-the-job manual use and better coverage of critical job tasks during training. Supervisors familiar with both training approaches expressed preference for the JPA training. (Questionnaires, job performance record, and data tables are appended.) (YLB) * **** *** ******** ** **** Reproductions supplied by EDRS from the orig *** **** ********* the best that can be made 1 document. ***************


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of audit quality and the relationship between earnings management. Indicators used to measure the characteristics of audit quality is a size of KAP, auditor industry specialization and auditor tenure. While the restatement of earnings as the dependent variable was measured by discretionary accruals and real earnings management. This study also added four control variables are firm size, growth opportunities, ROA, and leverage. The population in this study consist of all companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in year 2008 and 2012. Sampling method in this study is purposive sampling. The total number of final sample in this study were 199 entries. The analysis technique used is multiple regression. The empirical result of this study show that the auditor tenure has a negative relationship, while the firm size and auditor industry specialization has a positive relationship but all three did not have a significant effect on discretionary accruals. Furthermore, the size of the firm has a negative and significant effect on real earnings management, auditor industry specialization has a positive relationship and auditor tenure has no effect on real earnings management.


Cai Yuan-pei is a great educator in China.He believes that a university is an institution in which the profound knowledge can be researched.Based on understanding the nature of university,the school-running thought should be embodied on the principle o "ffreedom of thought and all-inclusive".The university-education thought of Mr.Cai Yuanpei provides lessons and references for the reform and development of higher education in China.To create a first-class university,China should always take the research of higher learning as a vital feature of first-class universities,a university itself should set up a rational teacher-educated-origin structure to create an academic environment with "freedom of thought and all-inclusive",and meanwhile university carry out the reform of the credit system,strengthen the management and construction of the credit-selecting system and intensify the guidance of student course-selecting process so as to form the systematization of student knowledge structure.


In recent years, active seismic isolations have been developed actively, but they have a problem of running when external power supply is cut off. To solve this problem, we proposed a self-powered active seismic isolation floor device based on the idea of electric power regeneration. This device can control using regenerated vibration energy from earthquakes, and doesn't require external energy to produce control force. However, when long-period earthquakes occur, this device can't regenerate enough electric power to decrease vibration of equipment. The aim of this paper is to propose a new model using a rotating inertia mass damper (inerter) which can decrease vibration of equipment and regenerate electric power more effectively than the previous model. The inerter is a mechanical element corresponding to capacitor in electrical circuits. In this paper, we compared the response and amount of energy regeneration of previous model with those of the new model adding inerter to the previous model. By using its characteristic of rotation of the spindle, the effect of electric power regeneration can be improved for long-period earthquakes. We discuss the usefulness of inerter in self-powered active isolation floor device for long-period earthquakes.


Detrimental effects to male reproductive physiology have been observed due to changes in prolactin (PRL) serum concentration. Regulation of PRL by dopamine binding to the dopamine type-2 receptor (DRD2) is well defined and associations between male physiology and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the DRD2 gene have been observed. The objective of the study was to evaluate association of a DRD2 SNP to PRL protein expression in bulls. Testis and epididymis were collected from bulls grazing a forage containing or lacking a dopamine agonist at the end of a 126 d study (n = 14). Bovine pituitaries (n = 587) were collected randomly over 3 mo from a local abattoir which processes cull cows and bulls. Sex of pituitaries was verified (n = 259 males) by duplex PCR for amplification of SRY and b-actin followed by Southern blotting of PCR products for selection of male. Prolactin protein expression was assessed in testis, epididymis, and pituitary by western blotting. Expression of PRL protein was below detection range in reproductive tissues but was present in pituitary, therefore experiments continued in pituitary. Restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping was performed on pituitaries by amplification of the DRD2 SNP region followed by digestion with a Tfil enzyme. Digested of products produced 3,2, or 1 band (AG, AA, GG, respectively). A subset of male pituitaries was blotted by slot blot manifold and PRL protein expression assessed by immunodetection and densitometry analysis normalized to GAPDH expression. Pituitary genotype distribution was 17.4% AA (n = 16), 63% AG (n = 58), and 19.6% GG (n = 18). Prolactin protein expression in the pituitary was similar across genotype (P = 0.23). These findings indicate that the DRD2 SNP has no genotypic effect on PRL protein expression in bovine pituitary.


The postoperative care of a patient who receives an intra-abdominal organ transplant is in some ways simi lar to that of any major intra-abdominal procedure. However, certain features unique to organ transplanta tion, such as the variable functional status of the newly transplanted graft, complications that are specific to the organ transplanted, and the side effects from immuno suppressive drugs, suggest that transplantation inten sive care is a distinct subspecialty in critical care medicine. Today, the majority of patients receiving an intra-abdominal transplant will have a relatively uncom plicated postoperative course. However, preoperative disposition, intraoperative misadventure, or immediate postoperative difficulty will require the availability of an intensivist experienced in transplantation. The future of intra-abdominal transplantation will be highly depen dent on progress in immunotherapy. Newer, more spe cific immunomodulators with fewer nonimmune toxici ties should result in improved organ receptance, less graft dysfunction, and improved patient survival.


This article explores the experiences of imprisoned mothers in the Victorian convict prison system. It argues that motherhood, of central importance to the ideals of Victorian femininity, was disrupted and fractured by women's long-term imprisonment. Using 'whole life' history methodology, the article draws on research into 288 women imprisoned and then released from the prison system, of whom half were mothers. It illuminates how the long-term prison system dealt with pregnancy, childbirth and family contact for female prisoners. It argues that while institutional or state care was often an inevitable consequence for children of single or widowed mothers, women used their limited resources and agency to assert their identity as mothers and direct outcomes for their children. But for others, prolific offending and multiple long sentences would render any chance of motherhood impossible.


In this paper we present the concepts and the architecture of an open and resource-oriented tool for evaluating research impact of individual researchers and groups. The advantages of the tool are that it relies on several sources for computing metrics, freely available on the Internet, and provide an easy way for defining and computing custom metrics for individuals and research groups.


Prestack migration has become a standard component of seismic data imaging. Recently its application has expanded to include generating migrated gathers for AVO analysis. Prestack imaging relies on the constructive and destructive interference of amplitudes migrated within a suite of restricted offset ranges to reproduce a correctly imaged reflector. However, in cases of typical land 3D surveys, the spatial sampling is often insufficient to perform this procedure with acceptable fidelity for all offsets. As a result, a variety of methods have been developed to account for such inaccuracies in amplitude reconstruction. In this paper, examples of raw migrations are compared to fold compensation and area weighting, for which area weighting provides the best amplitude recovery.


To the Editor: A 55-year-old man with a history of Graves disease treated with radioactive iodine and Graves ophthalmopathy was referred to our dermatology clinic by his endocrinologist with a 2-year history of severe pretibial myxedema (PM) that had failed treatment with systemic immunosuppressants after diagnosis by an outside dermatologist in the United Kingdom approximately 2 years prior. In addition to burning pain and difficulty walking associated with progressive "enlarging" of the lower legs and feet (Figure, A and B), the patient reported that he consistently had to find larger shoes (size 13 at the current presentation). His medications included gabapentin for foot pain and levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. Physical examination revealed diffuse, waxy, indurated, flesh-colored and erythematous plaques and nodules with a peau d'orange appearance on the dorsal feet, ankles, and lower legs. Laboratory evaluation revealed a thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin level of 617% (reference range, <140%) and mild anemia. His thyroid stimulating hormone and free T4 levels, a comprehensive metabolic panel, and lipid panel were all within reference range. Treatment with oral, intravenous, and intralesional steroids; cyclosporine; and azathioprine were tried prior to presentation to our clinic with no improvement. The patient was started on pentoxifylline (400 mg 3 times daily), intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (5 mg/mL every 3–4 weeks), clobetasol propionate ointment 0.05% under occlusion twice daily, short-stretch bandages, and compression stockings (20–30 mm Hg). The baseline circumference of the extremities also were measured (right ankle, 12 in; left ankle, 11.5 in; right and left mid-plantar feet, 12 in). At 3-week follow-up, the lesions had flattened with softening of the skin. The patient reported his legs were smaller and he had bought a new pair of shoes at size 8.5 (Figure, C). He noted less pain and difficulty with walking. The circumference of the extremities was measured again (right ankle, 10.2 in; left ankle, 10 in; right and left midplantar feet, 10.5 in). The patient continued treatment and was followed for 3 months. At each visit, clinical improvement was noted as well as report of decreased pain while walking (Figure, D). Severe Pretibial Myxedema Refractory to Systemic Immunosuppressants


Annotations play an important role in making objects understood by machines in building semantic web and providing samples for machine learning. They also help learners acquire information on the annotated targets. In order to achieve good annotation qualities, we design a crowdsourcing tool to help collect and store different types of annotation including handwriting, drawing and any other files made by different users. In our design we realize a four-layer mechanism that records raw data of users' annotating behaviors. Our system helps describe objects in the background images. The relative information including annotation and resources will be delivered according to the annotations made by other users. We also implement our system on Android based tablets and use the system in an educational setting. Our application performs as a crowdsourcing homework revising tool for users to revise the homework and take notes.


This article shows that postcrisis stress tests have negative effects on entrepreneurship and innovation at young firms. Exploiting unique data on business-related home equity loans in Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, I show that stress-tested banks strongly cut small business loans secured by home equity, an important source of financing for entrepreneurs. Lower credit supply leads to a relative decline in entrepreneurship in counties with higher exposure to stress-tested banks. The decline is stronger in sectors with a higher share of young firms using home equity financing, that is, in which the reduction in credit hits hardest. More-exposed counties also see a decline in young firms' patent applications as well as labor productivity, reflecting young firms' disproportionate contribution to growth.


Competitive balance indicates the degree of control participating teams have over a sports competition. Supporters look for excuses to justify their team's defeat and the triumph of their rivals. If the competition has required a preliminary qualifying group stage, they will argue that the winning team was in an "easy group" from the start, and their team was unlucky to be in a "difficult group". It is therefore of interest to determine what is an "easy group" and what is a "difficult group". This is directly related to the concept of competitive balance. We have a wide range of indices to measure competitive balance. We will use the Distance to Competitive Balance, a standardized index that complies cardinality property. The perfectly unbalanced distribution is the truncated cascade, which allows the maximum value of concentration to be obtained. We focus our attention on the UEFA Champions League, before and after competition, and we measure the competitive balance of the qualifying stage groups between the 1999/2000 and 2022/2023 seasons. The composition of the UEFA Champions League groups seems to be balanced and has no influence on which team will be the champion. A highly competitive group will be more "difficult" in terms of qualifying than a highly concentrated one. Supporters say that their team was unlucky to be in a "difficult" group, but the data does not prove them right.


CE-MS has been increasingly used for analysis of a vast array of compounds. This article reviews the different electrophoretic modes, interfaces and mass analyzers that are commonly used in the CE-MS coupling, as well as the technique advantages and performance characteristics. A large compilation of CE-MS applications is also presented. Therefore, this review is both a guide for beginners and a collection of key references for people who are familiar to the technique. Furthermore, this is the first CE-MS review published in a Brazilian journal and marks the installation of the first two commercial CE-MS units in Sao Paulo State.


Taking the deep foundation pit of the Qingdao Shangri-la second stage projects as an example,authors introduce the application of anchor rod and earth snail unifying support under the influence of blasting vibration.


OBJECTIVE To understand epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in Guanyuan City,and provide scientific bases for the prevention and control of HFMD.METHODS The monitoring data of HFMD in Guangyuan City from 2007 to 2011 were collected and analyzed by using descriptive method.The herpes liquid and/or nasopharyngeal swabs from 194 clinical HFMD were applied to virus nucleic acid detection of Enterovirus-universal type(EV-U),Enterovirus type-71(EV71)and Coxsackie virus type A-16(CoxA16)by real-time fluorescence PCR.RESULTS 4 421 cases of HFMD were reported in Guangyuan City(2007-2011),with an annual incidence of 30.02/100 000,18 severe cases and 1 death case.Among them,children under the age of 5 were in the majority,with onset phase peak ranging from March to July.The positive rate of virus nucleic acid detection was 76.29%,with constituent ratio of Cox16 in 2010 as 65.22%,EV71 in 2011 as 76.47%.The positive rates of above specimens were significantly different,with herpes liquid higher than nasopharyngeal swabs.CONCLUSION It is concluded that HFMD is high in Guanyuan City in recent years.Comprehensive measures should be taken to strengthen the prevention and cure for HFMD,especially for severe cases,reinforce pathogen surveillance,reduce attack rate and fatality rate.Furthermore,the major epidemic type in 2010 is CoxA16,while in 2011 is EV71.


Several recent studies have considered the relationships among quality of life, social adaption, anxiety, depression, and psychological distress in pandemics. A primary aim of the current study was to explore the relationships among the aforementioned psychological dimensions and worries about Covid-19. Furthermore, we aim to highlight the features of young people potentially at risk of psychological distress during the pandemic. The assessment was conducted by a web-based survey, useful in preserving individuals' health against the virus circulation. 185 young individuals (under 30 years old), residing in Sardinia (an Italian island characterized by low indices of virus circulation) participated to the survey completing five questionnaires (RDI, STAS, STAI, WHOQOL, SASS) and a group of items inquiring the knowledge and the worries about pandemic. By the application of linear correlations, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis, we highlighted the role played by each dimension on participants' self-reported well-being; moreover, we identified four clusters of subjects with different psychological reactions in pandemic as well as the groups of people with higher risk of distress. The suggestions of these results regarding current research trends and clinical opportunities are debated.


Presented the applying methods of fuzzy control technology, information technology and single chip microcomputer in micro wave oven controller. Inferred automatically weights of food and cooking time. Realized intellectual control of cooking food and thawing food. Controlled micro wave oven by the computer with the new menus written by experts. Raised further intellectual level of micro wave oven.


gardens, especially in the United States over the last 15 years, and are an important source of nature interactions for children inhabiting built spaces. However despite subscribing to egalitarian aims of providing child-centred environments and lofty purposes such as inspiring a love of natural environments in children, this paper proposes that, while well-intentioned, they lag behind current best practice in their general lack of opportunities for children to participate, beyond consultation, in their design. The paper suggests reasons for this and presents and critiques examples of processes followed in some children's gardens. By relating these to current participative research and the new social studies of childhood, this paper adds to the growing discourse on participation of children in the design of their outdoor environments. Some concluding recommendations contribute to a pathway towards co-construction with children for practitioners of outdoor spaces in the built environment.


TO THE EDITOR: The electromyogram (EMG) as an indirect measure of motor unit activity has proved invaluable in motor control studies. Increasingly, the application of frequency domain techniques to EMG signals has provided important insight into the structure and function of the human motor system. In a recent publication Neto and Christou (2010) claimed that rectification of the EMG impairs identification of oscillatory input to the muscle. This is a controversial claim since it is at odds with the prepro-cessing step of EMG rectification adopted in a number of significant studies examining oscillations in the motor system. If Neto and Christou (2010) are correct, then the findings of earlier studies are drawn into question. The contribution of Neto and Christou is important in making us think about what information is contained in an EMG signal and how best to extract it. Oscillatory drive to human motoneurons during isometric contraction was first identified by Farmer et al. (1993). Using single motor unit recordings they demonstrated that the firing times of individual motor units are modulated in two distinct frequency bands, one of which (16 –32 Hz) was hypothesized to reflect oscillatory activity in descending corticospinal pathways. The analysis used by Farmer et al. (1993) was based on a framework in which individual motor units are treated as distinct events or pulses. The finite Fourier transform is used to generate a statistical description that provides a measure of the correlation between paired motor unit firing times. This type of treatment is part of a broader approach, in which the Fourier transform is viewed as a statistical quantity (Brillinger 1983) and the focus is on providing a description of stochastic data; in the case of motor unit activity, the focus is on rhythmic modulation of firing times. An alternative use for the Fourier transform is accurate reconstruction of a signal using Fourier synthesis. This deterministic approach is used, for example, in Fourier synthesis of audio signals using a sum of sines model. Recent studies of oscillatory corticospinal interactions have used surface EMG recordings as an indicator of motor unit activity. An important question that arises is how to treat the surface EMG to extract information related to motor unit firing; in this case the firing times will be across a population of motor units. A statistical approach can be adopted using the finite Fourier transform to construct spectral and related parameters (coherence, phase, …


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This research aims to evidence the effect of information of PEFINDO credit rating agency on bond yield premium. Other relevant factors determining bond pricing also controled as control �variable to asses the �net effect� of credit rating on bond yield premium.

There are 1 ] hipothesis sugest in this research. Hipothesis ] and 2 asses the effect of bond issuer internal factor from financial statement analysis with Multiple Discriminant Analysis method and thus the effect on bond yield premium. Hipothesis 3 dan 4 asses the effect of credit rating information on bond yield premium. Hipothesis 5 to verify the existence of super premium -a jump of yield premium- on speculative grade bond rating. Hipothesis 6 until ll asses the other variables as control variables which determining bond pricing such as: rate of SBI, par value of bond issue, total asset of the firm, other spesific factors on the indenture.

The research samples are all outstanding manufacture bond issues. Sample consist of 60 new issues of corporate bond which selected with criteria as follows: manufacture or industrial corporate bond issued between 1995-2002, still have active or outstanding bond in the market, listed on Jakarta Stock Exchange or Surabaya Stock Exchange, have financial report over last tree years (l999-2001), these bond rated by PT Petindo (Indonesian credit rating agency) at issue. Statistic methods used are multiple discriminant analysis and multiple regresion.

The result show that bond rating information had influence on bond yield premium significantly as show on rate of significance of RATING at 0,006 (on 5%). Financial report analysis as a proxi of default risk (DEF) from Multiple Discriminant Analysis also effected on bond yield premium altough this effect is not stronger than bond rating effect which just have rate of significance at 0,015 (on 5%). The examination of the existence of super premium had proved by SPSS graphic output as show on the h'igh jump of yield premium on speculative grade bond, exactly between BBB and BB rating,s grade. Meanwhile, the assesment of other control variables effect on bond yield premium in fact is not proven as show on rate of SBI, par value of bond issue, total asset of the firm, other spesific factors on the indenture are not influence on bond yield premium. Finaly this research conclude that bond rating information is a very significant influence factor determine on bond yield premium beside information of financial report it self.


Sodium antimony tartrate (S.A.T.) has been used in the treatment of Schistosomiasis since 1918 (Christopherson, 1918, 1919) and is still the most effective drug (Adams and Maegraith, 1953; Manson-Bahr, 1954; Goodman and Gilman, 1956), though different workers vary widely in the details of the courses of treatment employed: it is used as a routine at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases (H.T.D.). Trivalent antimony compounds, especially S.A.T. and tartar emetic, are toxic drugs and may cause unpleasant side-effects (Christopherson, 1918; Khalil, 1935; Alves and Blair, 1946; Girgis and Aziz, 1948; Rail, 1949), including headache, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, muscle and joint pains, hepatitis, and skin eruptions: injections may cause pain along the vein, a metallic taste in the mouth, a sense of constriction in the chest, paroxysms of coughing, syncopal attacks, or severe and even fatal reactions of an anaphylactic type (Fakhry, 1931; War Medicine, 1945). Death may also result from hepatitis (Jopling, 1949) or may occur suddenly at a time unrelated to an actual injection (Mainzer and Krause, 1940; Ch'ien Teh and Lin Yu-K'un, 1957).


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Recommended Citation Baustian, Mark, "The contribution of the lymph hearts in compensation for acute hypovolemic stress in the toad Bufo marinus" (1986). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3517.


THIS book is vibrating with dynamical modernity, and proves in effect that Theoretical Dynamics has not yet been reduced to the level of one of the Exact Sciences; and so it shows little tendency to bridging over the gap still existing between the two modes of treatment of the one science of Mechanics. The two different methods are described by Newton in the preface of the "Principia"— Theoretical Mechanics: an introductory treatise on the Principles of Dynamics, with applications and numerous examples. By A. E. H. Love, Fellow and lecturer of St. John's College, Cambridge. Pp. xiv + 379. (Cambridge: at the University Press, 1897.)


Siciliano, S. D. 2014. Identification of regulatory genes to reduce N2O production. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1033-1036. The production of nitrous oxide occurs predominantly by microbial activity. This microbial activity can be broadly sub-divided into denitrification, the sequential reduction of nitrate to nitrous oxide or dinitrogen gas, or into nitrification, the sequential oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. The consumption of nitrous oxide occurs by microbial activity as well, but only by a single pathway, i.e., the activity of nitrous oxide reductase (nos). The purpose of this investigation was to determine the dominant producer of nitrous oxide in our agricultural ecosystems, and then explore how these producers interacted with other biological and edaphic factors to regulate overall nitrous oxide production. Finally, we also investigated what controlled nitrous oxide consumption in these agricultural ecosystems. Much to our surprise, the dominant production of nitrous oxide in these upland agricultural soils occurred by nitrification, likely the nitrification-denitrification pathway. In addition, a root exudate, formate, was a large driver of nitrous oxide release via its interaction with the fungal biomass under micro-aerophilic conditions. Despite these unusual sources of production, what became apparent was that the net flux of nitrous oxide in an agricultural soil was linked to denitrifier consumption of nitrous oxide. In conclusion, this project found that there was a wide variety of non-bacterial denitrifier producers of nitrous oxide in an agricultural soil and that they interact not only between themselves but with the plant community. However, the net production of nitrous oxide in agricultural fields was still tightly linked to bacterial denitrification, but through the consumption of nitrous oxide by bacterial denitrifiers.


CaF{sub 2} is among the potential candidates for solid electrolytes in solid-state batteries, electrochromic devices, and gas sensors. Following the concept of heterogeneous doping, CaF{sub 2} fine powder and films were treated with the Lewis acids SbF{sub 5} and BF{sub 3} to create a strong driving force to draw F{sup {minus}} ions out of the boundary regions according to SbF{sub 5}(surface) + F{sub F}(boundary) {yields} SbF{sub 6}{sup {minus}}(surface) + V{sub F}{sup {sm_bullet}}(boundary). The powder has been vacuum-treated with SbF{sub 5} and BF{sub 3} vapor and then processed to pellets. The conductivity results indicate a significant enhancement of the ionic conductivity with a slope that is characteristic for F{sup {minus}}-vacancy migration. A simple homogeneous doping by Sb and B impurities would lead to a conductivity via interstitials and thus to a different activation energy. The enhancement should not be due to oxygen impurities introduced by the heat-treatment: this is shown by preparation in different gas atmospheres. A quantitative estimation of the enhanced conductivity assuming space-charge effects is presented. Conductivity results on thin films also confirmed the assumption of space-charge regions as a consequence of the attractive forces of the adsorbed Lewis acid.


Finding a competent technology leader to manage educational technology for a school district can be a daunting task. The technology director plays a vital role in the leadership of instructional technology and related services. This individual is in a position to frame out the vision and direction for how technology can be used in teaching and learning. Clearly, there are many responsibilities and talents required of this leader. In order to defuse some of the uncertainty of identifying the role of the technology director and the scope of duties for this position, a single job title should be given to all technology leaders in education because the position entails similar responsibilities and duties. Some of the main duties of school technology experts include: develop a comprehensive K-12 instructional technology plan for the district; work with faculty and administration to integrate technology into the curriculum; routinely evaluate the instructional technology program; develop the yearly technology budget; review, evaluate and purchase instructional technology resources; and work with Principals and their staffs to effectively utilize all available resources that promote the use of technology. Sample job descriptions and interview questions are also included in the article. Hiring the Best Qualified Technology Coordinator 3 Position descriptions and job responsibilities for technology leaders may vary from district to district depending on the needs of the organization. The technology leader's position in a small district may have to wear many hats from professional developer to troubleshooter to network administrator, while the technology expert in a larger organization may employ a handful of individuals to manage and maintain the equipment and resources. In any case, the job description and scope of duties for this individual must accurately reflect the needs of the district. The results of a recent study by Lesisko (2004) revealed that out of 87 technology leaders across the eastern counties of Pennsylvania 45 had different position titles for technology experts in the public school system. In another study, Wagner (2004) found similar results in Ohio. In order to defuse some of the uncertainty of identifying the role of the technology director and the scope of duties for this position, a single job title should be given to all technology leaders in education because the position entails similar responsibilities and duties. A plausible solution would be to give the title of Director of Instructional Technology position title to those individuals who hold a professional technology certificate offered by a State education agency (Lesisko, 2004). For example, the Instructional Technology Specialist credential is a professional certification offered by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. The holder of this certificate is eligible to work in a K-12 environment as the technology leader and is tasked with improving the learning process and instruction through the use of appropriate educational technology (Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2000). Those individuals who are not professionally certified can be offered the position title of Technology Coordinator. Hiring the Best Qualified Technology Coordinator 4 The Director of Instructional Technology position must be considered a professional, certified position subject to tenure provisions. The Technology Coordinator position must be considered to be a non-certified position. This distinction will clearly define the focus of these individuals. The Director of Instructional Technology position must be involved in integrating technology into the curriculum, but the Technology Coordinator position may or may not be involved at this level. The Technology Coordinator duties should concentrate more on the installation, troubleshooting, maintenance, and support of technology resources. Some individuals feel that technology leaders in education should not be professionally certified by a State education agency. For example, these individuals claim that the healthcare industry does not require their Chief Technology Officer to practice medicine, or that accounting firm technologists be CPAs. However, the concept is quite different in education because technology leaders not only support the software and hardware, but also educate teachers who in turn educate students. Director of Instructional Technology The Pennsylvania Department of Education (2000) requires any individual who is responsible for the overall planning, coordinating, evaluating, and implementation of instructional technology in a school district to be professionally certificated. This includes those individuals who provide leadership in the use of technological delivery for instruction. The Director of Instructional Technology should report to the Superintendent or Assistant Superintendent as his immediate supervisor. The following list describes some of the most important duties and functions of the Director of Instructional Technology: (a) develop the comprehensive K-12 Hiring the Best Qualified Technology Coordinator 5 instructional technology plan for the district, (b) work with administration to integrate technology into curriculum delivery in the most logical and efficient manner possible, (c) evaluate the instructional technology program on an annual basis and make recommendations for improvement, (d) plan and oversee technology professional development, (e) develop the yearly budget for technology, (f) review and evaluate new software and communicate such evaluation to the instructional leaders of the district, (g) work with the "end user" in developing a manual and program documentation, (h) coordinate curriculum efforts to develop/procure technology resources to meet instructional needs, (i) develop strategies for the effective and efficient use of technological resources for both instructional and non-instructional use, (j) implement distance learning, media coordination, Internet services, and videoconferencing initiatives, (k) develop a training program for administrators and educators for the operation and utilization of all instructional technology, (l) present the district technology education program to the public through workshops and presentations, (m) develop and implement ways in which business and education can establish partnerships that enhance the use of technology for education, (n) provide advice for competitive grant applications to secure funding for technology initiatives, (o) establish technology policy, and (p) develop curriculum in the area of technological and media literacy (Lesisko, 2004). Wagner (2004) reported that hiring a district level technology expert from the education field may not be the best solution because this individual may lack the necessary technical skills for the position. Moursund (1992) affirmed that a classroom teacher may be able to understand technical concepts, but the responsibilities are quite Hiring the Best Qualified Technology Coordinator 6 different between the duties of a technology director and those of a typical classroom teacher. Nevertheless, different qualifications are needed to satisfactorily teach and coordinate technology operations for any district. Moursund (1992) also reported that a classroom teacher is directly responsible for the instruction of students. Every educator should be skilled in the development of curriculum and how it is to be properly taught. No matter if this individual teaches in a primary or secondary classroom, the format remains the same. The educator must concentrate on classroom management activities, develop lesson plans, maintain student progress records, and provide service to youngsters in both group and individual instruction. However, the duties of a technology director are quite different. Technology Coordinator Pennsylvania schools must recognize the need for a Technology Coordinator position to deal with the technical issues within the district. The Technology Coordinator must serve as a resource person to manage technology and technical support efforts. This individual will also provide technology acquisition assistance, installation services and ongoing user assistance within the district. The Division of Candidate Evaluation within the Pennsylvania Department of Education considers this post a paraprofessional, non-certified position. The qualifications of this individual include any special training including vendor certification such as Cisco, CompTIA, Microsoft, Novell, etc., education, experience, skills, and abilities required by the employing district. The Technology Coordinator should report to the Director of Instructional Technology, the Director of Curriculum and Instruction, or the Assistant Superintendent as her immediate supervisor. Hiring the Best Qualified Technology Coordinator 7 The duties and functions of this individual include: (a) work with the Director of Instructional Technology, Director of Curriculum and Instruction or the district technology committee to assist with the following tasks: support the development of the district technology plan; provide advice regarding the purchase of technology for the implementation and improvement of educational technology for the district; assist in the preparation of the annual technology budget; coordinate the configuration and maintenance of computer hardware and software; advise and assist in the development of instructional programs and conduct basic "end-user" training for staff in the utilization of technology; provide technical input for the implementation of appropriate software applications; coordinate the design, implementation, utilization, and maintenance of the local/wide area networks, file servers, microcomputers, and networked devices; and coordinate the installation and set up of microcomputers and related technology. (b) responsible for inventory, service repair requests, location of equipment, mai


periodontal pocket and measured the capacitance for ten sec. The correlation between the clinical findings and the capacitance of the gingival fluid was as follows. 1. Experimental gingivitis group 1) The capacitance of the gingival fluid tend to increase during the period. (p<0.01) 2) The significant correlation was found between the capacitance and Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Gingival Bleeding Index. (p<0.01) 2. Periodontal disease group 1) The significant correlation was found between the capacitance and Gingival Index and Gingival Bleeding Index. (p<0.01) 2 ) Less significant correlation was found between the capacitance and Plaque Index. (p<0.05) 3) Any significant correlation was not found between the capacitance and probing depth.