Nanoparticles have become ubiquitous. They are present in various consumer products, from skincare to food. Meanwhile, massive quantities of nanoparticles continuously generated by industrial processes and vehicles have raised serious concerns about human health and the environment. The World Health Organization estimates that, each year, around two million premature deaths worldwide are caused by airborne chemical and biological particles. As interest in nanoparticle applications and safety concerns grow, there is an urgent need to assess their benefits and risks. This requires a technology that can rapidly detect and measure nanoparticles of varying size, shape, and chemical composition in diverse environments, including air, water, blood, and serum. Such a technology would also be pivotal in detecting and measuring pathogens (e.g., viruses, bacteria, microbes, and toxic nanoparticles). A portable, real-time, in situ sensing system with singlenanoparticle resolution and nanometer sensitivity is key to investigating the properties and kinetic behavior of ultrasmall particles and structures as well as the physics resulting from their interactions. Such a system would help us to understand properties of the particles under various conditions. It would also help us to develop strategies against threats from hazardous chemical agents, biochemical warfare, or an outbreak of airborne contagious disease. Recent progress in nanoelectromechanical and optical technologies has boosted the development of sensors with unprecedented capabilities. Among the many techniques and schemes, whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) optical resonators and nanocantilevers have shown great promise in tackling the challenges in achieving compact sensors with high sensitivity and reliability.1, 2 The resonance structures enhance interactions Figure 1. Fiber-taper coupled ultra-high-quality microtoroid resonators on a silicon chip for single-nanoparticle detection and measurement. The nanoparticles in the evanescent field of the resonator (bright spots) lift the twofold degeneracy of a single whispering-gallery mode, which leads to two orthogonal standing waves (split modes) around the periphery of the toroid. The periodic patterns of the standing waves in the resonators are imaged on the reflecting silicon substrate.


Objective: To explore the changes of ARL4 gene (ADP-ribosylation faetor-like 4 gene) mRNA expression in human auricular myocardium of atrial septal defect (ASD) and to analyze the relationship between ARL4 gene and the pathophysiology of atrial septal defect. Methods: The total RNAs were extracted from 10 cases of ASD auricular myocardium and 8 cases of normal auricular myocardium. The levels of ARL4 gene mRNA expression in the auricular myocardium of ASD and the normal auricular myocardium were detected using the RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique. Results: The ARL4 gene was expressed in both the normal and ASD auricular myocardium. The levels of ARL4 gene mRNA expression were (38. 25±14.73)% in the normal auricular myocardium and (70. 71±16. 26)% in the ASD auricular myocardium. The levels of ARL4 gene mRNA expression in the ASD auricular myocardium were significantly higher than those in the normal auricular myocardium (t=4. 3835, P0.001). Conclusion: The abnormal expression of ARL4 gene in the auricular myocardium may be contributed to the pathophysiology of ASD.


Data mining can be used for businesses with large amounts of data. One of the data mining techniques is Associative Classification. It is a new strategy in data processing that combines association and classification techniques to build a classification model. This research used an associative classification technique on sales transaction data of Frozen Food Stores, which had sales transaction data on their business activities. It would be used in sales strategies to find items often purchased by class customers, namely, members and general. This research aimed to classify based on association rules using the CBA (Classification based Association) algorithm on sales transaction data. The application used the R programming language that business owners could use. The results of the rules obtained from the trial had the value of support, confidence, coverage, and lift ratio, which were the best value levels of a rule. The results of the rules that had the highest lift ratio value from all the data that have been inputted can be used as a reference to be implemented in sales strategies in knowing consumer needs.


We have studied the cause of shortened lifetime and reduced brightness of wide-gap semiconductor LEDs, and found that generation/enhancement of microscopic point defects have strong association with device lifetime. A pulse-drive technology controlling defect enhancement has been proven new to extend life span of UV-blue-white-LEDs in high efficiency and high brightness operation. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Sheep infected with FMDV strains of different epizootiological origin developed a carrier state which persisted in the majority of animals for 1–5 months. The sites of virus persistence and multiplication in the convalescent animal were identified by titration of suspensions of mucosae and epithelia taken post mortem. Virus was recovered most frequently and in highest titre from the tonsillar area and less frequently from the pharynx and dorsal surface of the soft palate. No virus was found in samples taken from the nasal passages, the trachea or the rumen.


The dynamical degradation process of operating organic light-emitting diode (OLED) was proposed and investigated by non-destructive reflectivity measurements using a p-polarized He-Ne laser as probing tool. The intrinsic OLED degradation mechanism mainly depends on intermediate layers at organic/electrode interfaces. The optical behavior of these interfacial dielectric layers and corresponding optical parameters may be capable of representing OLED degradation in macroscopic aspect. Optical parameters defined as optical constants (n, k) and thickness (d) were obtained from fitting our experimental data to a theoretical model including interfacial dielectric layers with (n, k, d) as adjustable parameters. Our experimental results revealed that the change of the reflectivity spectra obtained from static and operated OLED was observable. The tendency of change in reflectivity spectra can be used as qualitative and dynamical aspect of degradation of operating OLED. The dynamical degradation process can be quantitatively modeled by inspecting the variation of optical parameters. This dynamical aspect may also include time-dependent information of degradation as operating OLED. Our data-fitting results indicated that optical constants of intermediate layers have a trend to increase as OLED from static to turn-on status. The thickness of intermediate layers obtained from data-fitting ranged from 0.2 to 14nm, satisfying our expectation. The reflective spectra obtained from basic OLED with ITO/Alq3/LiF/Al structure revealed a clear dip located around 61.5° incident angle from ITO glass side as OLED in turn-on status. It indicated that surface plasma resonance may occur even in OLED layer structure.


This study was set out with the aim of assessing contribution of art education for student of higher education. The descriptive analytical and experimental methods are used in this research. The study sample consists of Students totaling (32) students from various disciplines (Physical Education Art Education Arabic Language Special Education Islamic Education Sociology) batch (2014 – 2015) from faculty of Education of the King Faisal University – Saudi Arabia. The researchers to topics prepare of aesthetic values, through the contributions of art education to enhance of the aesthetic values for student of higher education. That it helps in times of crisis and stress. It also provides balance, sense, purpose, stability and a positive attitude. Aesthetic values are important for the human spirit. It can also help to foster resilience in students. The findings lend support to the claim that aesthetic values are important for resilience. It helps in times of crisis and stress. The results showed that significant differences between group's performance before and after the test in the students towards aesthetic values at the faculty of Education, King Faisal University, during of the practical period. The researchers recommended to Increasing students' aesthetic vocabularies and helping them develop a finer control of rhetoric through interactions with others.


The primary concern of the present research was to investigate the effects of an Internet-Assisted Language Learning (IALL) environment on the development of L2 students' critical thinking skills. A total of 77 students of Diploma in Hotel Management at UiTM Terengganu, Dungun Campus, Malaysia were involved in this study. This sample was divided into three groups, namely full, partial and non-IALL environments. Cornell Critical Thinking Test (CCTT), Level X, was administered as the pre-post-test to measure the development of critical thinking skills of L2 students. The CCTT scores revealed that students who were exposed to the full IALL environment improved significantly in their critical thinking skills as compared to those in the partial and non-IALL environments. When the various sub-skills were measured, the analysis showed that they improved the most in the connecting skill, an element of the higher order thinking skills. The present study concludes that using the Internet in language classrooms helps to create critical English as a Second Language (ESL) students. Thus, language teachers should not have any reservations in incorporating internet in their classrooms. The study recommends that future work should investigate whether IALL environment can also significantly help to foster students' creative thinking.


In this paper, an inverted silicon (Si) nanopyramid (iSiNP) surface structure with low aspect ratio and remarkable antireflection is developed through sequential treatments of NaOH and HF/CH3COOH/HNO3 solutions to Si nanowire (SiNW)-textured Si wafers, which are prepared by traditional electroless chemical etching. The iSiNP/PEDOT:PSS hybrid solar cell is fabricated through conformally spin-coating poly(3.4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) onto the iSiNPs; it exhibits enhanced device performance owing to the improved junction and contact quality as compared to the SiNW/PEDOT:PSS counterpart. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.6% mainly contributed from an increased fill factor (FF) of 0.61 and improved open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.53 V is delivered by the iSiNP/PEDOT:PSS solar cell. As a comparison, the SiNW/PEDOT:PSS structure delivers a 7.1% PCE with a FF of 0.45 and Voc of 0.46 V. Considering the submicro-scale characteristic dimensions, iSiNPs are expected to be applicable to highly efficient thin film Si/PEDOT:PSS hybrid solar cells.


Our contemporary social environment is made up of the sum of isolated, individual lives. In such an environment, survival as individuals is difficult and the concept of communication assumes a new importance. A number of problems related to communication arise during the first year of interior design education, mostly stemming from the unfamiliarity of the realm with which the student is newly confronted. Technical jargon, the complexity of the profession and the unknown procedure of the design process are the basic components of this unfamiliar realm. In this case-study, carried out by the staff of the design studio of the first-year bachelor program of TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Department of Interior Design, we use practical as well as theoretical tools to address this multifaceted issue. Theory and practice are two important spheres, and whilst it is critical that each sphere communicate with the other we know that in practice this does not always happen. In the present study, we attempt to compensate for this lack by using and applying theoretical as well as practical methodologies in the form of simulation game rules. The aim of this paper is to discuss the importance of beginning by converging theory and practice in the form of a simulation game, and to support interior design competence through the application of theoretical courses, the result of which is played out in the studio setting. A PROPOSAL FOR FIRST-YEAR DESIGN EDUCATION IN INTERIOR DESIGN The phenomenon of gradual isolation and individualization resulting from the rapid development of technology has recently opened up a new field of research. Criticism focuses on the fact that technology creates new cultures with which we were previously unfamiliar. Many technological innovations with which we are all now familiar can have a profound effect on our lives. In recent years, the internet, e-mail, e-diaries, Google, Twitter, YouTube, Facebook and so on have changed the way in which we write, study, analyze material, interact and establish relations on a fundamental level 1 . As is the case in all fields, design education has been necessarily affected by these developments. There is a need for teaching personnel who are familiar with the learning styles of students who have been trained in this environment, and who study interior design. Mere pretense at using the new environments introduces new problems. There is a great probable danger that these environments may send the education away from original content and remain only as visual richness. Our current era, in which new technological advances are emerging, might be referred to as a 'show era', or indeed as, 'an era when ideology replaces cosmetics, reality is beaten by image, everything is presented in an entertaining manner and cleaned out, a terrible bombardment of information disintegrates people and makes them non-reacting, memory is lost, perception and the ability of reasoning decreases' 2 . On the one hand, discussions continue unabated on the relative merits and drawbacks of children watching television. On the other hand, however, we now live in what might be termed a 'pop era', when every child and adult can achieve instant fame through uploading images or videos to social networking sites such as YouTube, Facebook and Vimeo. This apparent 'interaction' does not necessarily make users anything other than passive recipients of online information, because very little of what is produced or shared in these online zones can actually be considered as proper information. In short, the individuals of the digital age remain as passive users and recipients. The active role of the individual in his or her own learning process is, nonetheless, considered to be an indispensible factor for development in the modern age. The critical role played by the learning environment in reinforcing this notion is repeatedly stated in many contemporary theories of learning. Students' prolific use of digital tools and the online world, coupled with the increasing speed and capacity of digital communication poses a new question: can the means of mass communication and online sharing forums be used to positive effect in the learning process? 1 Beatriz Colomina "Privacy and Publicity, Modern Architecture as Mass Media" Metis Publications. Istanbul. 2011 P.xvi 2 Neil Postman "Television, the Killing Entertainment" translated by Osman Akınbay. Ayrıntı Publications Istanbul, 1994.


In random broadcasting or dynamic broadcast, source packets that have to be broadcast to all the other nodes are generated at each node of a network or a parallel/distributed system at random instances or in an uncoordinated manner. In this paper, we propose a priority-based routing scheme, to be referred to as {\em prioritized dominating-set broadcasting (PDB)}, for random broadcasting in $k$-ary $n$-cubes. PDB can lead to a family of algorithms optimized for different switching techniques and communication models. It is also applicable to various other network topologies. Our goal is to minimize the average reception delay under heavy load, without compromising the maximum achievable throughput.


CAN there be a cause-and-effect relationship between a stressful event in a person's life and the onset of a clinically serious and sustained affective disorder, mania, or depression which was not present before the event took place? This question has arisen repeatedly over the years, in part because of the apparent correspondence between the illnesses of depression and mania on the one hand, and the emotions of sadness and elation on the other. The latter, as transient mood states, can be triggered by events. If the illness depression is viewed as a kind of supersadness or the illness mania as superelation, then by extension one might assume that those discrete disorders can also be triggered by events. Making this assumption, physicians and patients alike often seek a causal connection between stressful events and sustained affective disorder. In an individual case it is impossible to prove or


Over the past twenty years, language acquisition studies within the Principles-andParameters approach (Chomsky 1981) have convincingly demonstrated that the invariant principles of UG constrain the course of acquisition from virtually the very beginning, namely as soon as the child becomes able to use relevant lexical items and structures (see Otsu 1981 and Crain & Thornton 1998, among many others). Recent progress suggests that this conclusion should be extended to the settings of 'basic' parameters. According to Wexler (1996, 1998), parameters relevant to word order and null subjects are set correctly at the earliest observable stages, contrary to the traditional expectation that parameter-setting takes time, given its experience-dependent nature. In this study, I present two case-studies that argue for Wexler's view. The first case-study demonstrates that the word-order parameter is correctly set from the earliest stages even in Japanese, a free word-order language. The second case-study shows that the acquisition of clitic-climbing in Spanish is consistent with an early setting of the null-subject parameter. These findings not only provide new evidence for Wexler's proposal, but more importantly lend further support to the postulation of innate constraints on language variation.


chloroquinoline, mercaptobenzimidazole, microwave irradiation Quinoline derivatives posses wide class of biological activities [15]. Mi crowave heating has emerged as apowerful technique to promote a variety of chemical reaction is due to the short reaction time and theoperational simplicity. So number of research paper has appeared proving the synthetic utility of MORE(Microwave-induced Organic Reaction Enhancement) chemistry in routine organic synthesis [6]. 2Chloro4methylquinoline 1 (708 mg, 0.004 mol) and 2mercaptobenzimidazole 2 (600 mg, 0.004 mol)were dissolved in minimum amount of anhydrous DMF. To this (552 mg, 0.004 mol) K


The continuous spectrum is a unique representation of the linear viscoelastic behavior of a polymer that reveals aspects of its behavior that may not be obvious in plots of the storage and loss moduli. A spectrum can in principle be inferred from experimental data, but because data are always corrupted by random error, this is one of the several ill-posed problems that arise in rheology [Honerkamp, J., Rheol. Acta 28, 363–371 (1989) and Malkin, A. Ya., Rheol. Acta 29, 512–518 (1990)], and this throws into doubt the possibility of obtaining a unique relaxation spectrum. A number of methods have been proposed to overcome the ill-posedness of the problem to arrive at a unique continuous spectrum that is a characteristic of the material. Wider use of these methods has been limited by the fact that many of them are the work of mathematicians or physicists who use languages and symbols not readily intelligible to rheologists and that the codes required to implement them are not readily available. For these reasons, continuous spectra are rarely reported. We demonstrate and compare the use of one, well-established method as well two recent ones using both simulated and actual data and provide advice to polymer rheologists as to the feasibility of inferring a meaningful continuous spectrum from data. We also evaluate the method of Baumgaertel and Winter [J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 44, 15–36 (1992)] for obtaining a discrete spectrum that is useful for calculating material functions and for flow simulation. We recommend that reports of viscoelastic behavior include plots of this revealing material function.


Evina Steinova's review of the conference: 'Texts and Identities: XVII', held 17-17 November 2013, Paris, France by Texts and Identities and Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris.


The bone of spinal animals has a hydroxylapatite (, HAp) structure which is well known as an excellent inorganic ion exchanger for various heavy metal ions in solutions. In this study, the reusability of cow-bone, pig-bone and fish-bone as a potential material for the removal of heavy metals in solutions was evaluated from the removal of Cu(II) ion in batch tests. The surface properties of three bones, calcined at different temperatures, were measured with SEM, XRD, FT-IR analyses. From the SEM analysis, a clear development of heterogeneity as well as pores having small diameter was observed as the calcination temperature increased. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis showed well developed crystallinity on the surface of calcined bones obtained at higher temperatures, suggesting a transform of amorphous type to crystalline type. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis showed disappearance of water molecule on the surface of HAp and organic functional groups of the HAp with increasing the calcination temperatures. Cu(II) removal in the control test was below 15%. By the way, additional 40% increase of Cu(II) removal was observed in the presence of calcined bones. For three bones, Cu(II) removal was decreased as the calcined temperature increased. Cu(II) removal was increased as the solution pH increased due to a favorable condition for the cation exchange as well as precipitation.


The purpose of this study was to explore the role of verbal skills as an intervention in music therapy practice in three models of music therapy: (a) analytical music therapy (AMT), (b) the Bonny method of guided imagery and music (BMGIM), and (c) Nordoff-Robbins music therapy (NRMT). Data were collected from three interviews that included each professional's use of verbal skills in their respective model of music therapy. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Five themes emerged: (1) definitions of verbal intervention/verbal skills, (2) population dependent, (3) use of lyrics, (4) music as therapy vs music in therapy, (5) musical-verbal intervention relationship. Although future research in the area of verbal intervention definition and usage is needed, this study provided a foundation to encourage further research on verbal interventions in addition to music interventions to best serve the needs of clients in music therapy.


The mechanical and electrical construction of a new experimental instrument for fatigue testing riveted and welded joints is described. This experimental device has the advantage of being able to stress, even with comparatively low magnetic exciter force, structural components in alternate bending by resonance vibrations up to incipient fatigue failure.


tion, metabolism, growth and genetics of bacteria together with a discussion of the effects that physicai and chemical agents have on the bacterial cell. At the end of each chapter there are well arranged references t~ direct further reading, The book lives up to its title; virology and Immunology are not dealt with and the m.edicalaspects of bacteriology are not considered. In this country the book is most likely to appeal to the science graduate or the undergraduate studying for an honours degree in bacteriology. The medical bacteriologist engaged in research will find it a useful s~urce of fundamental information and some sections will be of value to those preparing for the examinatIons. of the College of Pathologists. Despite the fact that It IS a well written and comprehensive book it can be recommended only to medical men who have a specialised interest in the field of basic bacteriology.


Government prohibition to develop sociology has been reversed in Russian Empire after the revolution of 1905. As a result of this, the attempts to carry out the sociological studies have also become much more intense. This paper is prepared on the basis of studying materials obtained as a result of sociological studies carried out at a number of educational institutions in 1911-1917. Results of questionnaire survey, which was carried out that time among the studying youth, are of considerable scientific interest and of sufficient importance in our opinion. They give us an idea of the world view of studying youth; of the scale of cultural wealth, moral and aesthetic values which prevailed that time in the hearts and minds of studying youth. Those materials are the convincing evidence of striking changes, which took place in Russia during the latest hundred of years, and strong changes in the citizenry of the country.


One of the key issues of modern architecture and urban development is the decline of urban life in small towns and settlements, which are experiencing the negative consequences of the new socioeconomic reality. The urbanization process, characterized by rising large cities and mega-cities is provided by an increasing influx of migration from small historical cities and settlements. However, small urban settlements, preserving features of historical architecture, natural attraction and provincial coziness are important factors in restraining the uncontrolled growth of mega-cities and as a condition for the preservation of local culture and traditions of sustainable ecological balance of the regional settlement system. Obviously, the issue of integrated development of small historical settlements is coming to the fore. To solve this problem the authors propose a cluster approach that effectively develops the architectural environment of such cities and creates attractive living and tourism environments. The purpose of the research is to develop a method of the cluster approach for sustainable development of small historical towns and settlements, aimed at a comprehensive transformation of their architectural environment while preserving of valuable historical, cultural and architectural heritage. The limitation of the research is the Republic of Tatarstan.


The numerous equations which have hitherto been employed to relate the viscosity of solutions of high polymers to the concentration of the solute have neglected to recognize explicitly the influence which velocity gradient (rate of shear) has upon the observed viscosity of non‐Newtonian liquids. Consequently, the theoretically important, intrinsic viscosity, calculated on the basis of these equations, from data obtained on a solution in the anomalous region, is found to have a different value for each velocity gradient prevailing during measurement. A modification of the Baker‐Philippoff equation has been developed empirically having the advantage that it yields a uniform value for the intrinsic viscosity of a given solution regardless of changes in velocity gradient. This new equation: ηr=(1+cλ)8+(ki−8λ)c, has been found to agree well with data on cuprammonium solutions of cellulose in concentrations below 0.5 g per 100 ml. The parameter λ, interpreted as a function of velocity gradient, is found to incr...


Many years ago when I was in high school, I asked my AP® Chemistry teacher, "Why is there a negative sign in front of the 13.6 eV in the table of electron energies? What does it mean to have negative energy?" She told me it had something to do with potential energy and not to worry about it. Well, I am still worrying about it.


The article substantiates the reasons for the development of recreational tourism in rural areas based on analysis of the concepts and functions of recreation. The article reveals the biomedical and educational functions of recreation. The article demonstrates imbalances in the population distribution in the Northwestern Federal District, which exacerbate the recreational needs of large cities, including recreational tourism. The author gives a brief analysis of the operating experience of rural tourism facilities in Europe, considers recreational potential of countryside in Leningrad region, and characterizes the municipal districts with well-developed infrastructure of rural tourism. The role of government in the reorientation of the population preferences of major cities to the countryside is shown. Guest houses as the examples of successful projects of recreational tourism in rural areas in the region are considered. The problems of development of infrastructure and tourism service are specifies. The article examines the complex of factors needed for successful development of rural tourism in the regions and municipalities. Author emphasizes the need of creation the mechanisms to manage the risks of entrepreneurs, which operating in the tourism sector in rural areas. The author defines the target group of people interested in the development of recreational tourism in rural areas (town dwellers and rural population, regional and municipal authorities) and on the statistical basis shows a significant resource and territorial development potential of recreational tourism in rural areas. The key issues, which hinder development of recreational tourism in rural areas, including, among other factors, the lack of a unified development concept of this type tourism in the region are identified.


14 HISTORICAL NOTES AND CONTEXT 16 CHAPTER 1: OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY 17 1.1. Optical Coherence and the Interference of Light 17 1.1.


Vector, semiconductor device, a mounting method thereof, which can improve the reliability of the semiconductor device mounted on a circuit board such as heat cycle. The semiconductor device 1 comprises a carrier 3 for a semiconductor, and the concave portion 8 is formed in the region of the outer electrode of a semiconductor carrier 3. An outer bottom electrode 8 disposed on a semiconductor carrier concave portion. Solder paste is applied to the concave portion 13, a flip-chip semiconductor device, and the semiconductor device 1 is mounted on the circuit board 12. The semiconductor device 12 is mounted to the circuit board 1 is heated to above the melting point temperature of the solder paste 13.


Background After treatment for a localized melanoma, patients attend routinely scheduled clinics to monitor for new primary or recurrent melanoma. Patient-led surveillance (skin self-examination with patient-performed teledermoscopy) is an alternative model of follow-up that could replace some routinely scheduled visits. Objective This study aims to assess the acceptability of a hypothetical reduction in routinely scheduled visits among participants of the Melanoma Self Surveillance (MEL-SELF) pilot randomized clinical trial of patient-led surveillance (intervention) versus usual care (control). Methods Patients previously treated for localized melanoma in New South Wales who were participating in the MEL-SELF pilot randomized clinical trial were asked to respond to a web-based questionnaire at baseline and after 6 months on trial. We used mixed methods to analyze the data. The main outcome of interest was the acceptability of a hypothetical reduction in routinely scheduled visits for melanoma surveillance. Results Of 100 randomized participants, 87 answered the questionnaire at baseline, 66 answered the questionnaire at 6 months, and 79 provided a free-text explanation at either time point. At 6 months, 33% (17/51) of the control group and 35% (17/49) of the intervention group indicated that a hypothetical reduction in routinely scheduled visits with all melanoma doctors was at least slightly acceptable (difference in proportions –1%, 95% CI –20% to 17%; P=.89). Participants suggested that prerequisites for a reduction in routinely scheduled visits would include that sufficient time had elapsed since the previous diagnosis without a new primary melanoma or recurrence, an unscheduled appointment could be made at short notice if the patient noticed something concerning, their melanoma doctor had suggested reducing their clinic visit frequency, and patients had confidence that patient-led surveillance was a safe and effective alternative. Participants suggested that a reduction in routinely scheduled visits would not be acceptable where they perceived a very high risk of new or recurrent melanoma, low self-efficacy in skin self-examination and in the use of technologies for the patient-led surveillance intervention, and where they had a preference for clinician-led surveillance. Some patients said that a partial reduction to once a year may be acceptable. Conclusions Some patients may be receptive to a reduction in routinely scheduled visits if they are assured that patient-led surveillance is safe and effective. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616001716459; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371865&isReview=true; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03581188; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03581188 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.4704


The objective of the present work is to formulate, develop and evaluate nasal in situ gel of Pregabalin to provide better therapy for Epilepsy. Pregabalin is BCS class I drug. It is 3rd generation anticonvulsant used in epilepsy in which faster action is required. Nasal route has faster action than oral route, also convenient to unconscious patient. Pregabalin loaded in situ gel, for the treatment of epilepsy to avoid side effects and first pass metabolism associated with conventional treatment and increase bioavailability. Pregabalin was loaded into different polymeric solutions of Polycarbophil and HPMC K4M. The drug was characterized for various parameters like UV-Spectroscopy, FTIR Spectroscopy and DSC study. Excipients were screened for selection of mucoadhesive and gelling polymer. Then the drug was formulated as in situ gel. The experiment was subjected to 32 full factorial design, the concentration of Polycarbophil (X1) and HPMC K4M (X2) were selected as independent variables with % drug release and muco-adhesive strength as dependent variables. The kinetic study was carried out for 30 days. Polycarbophil was selected as mucoadhesive and gelling polymer. The values for X1 and X2 were 0.3922% and 0.5263% relating the % drug release and mucoadhesive strength values were 78.20% CDR at 240 min. and 960 dynes/cm2 respectively for checkpoint batch following zero order and Higuchi kinetic. The formulation was found to be stable for 30 days. The present research will be helpful in order to improve the efficacy and tolerability of the antiepileptic drug therapy. So alternative administration strategy has been investigated which deliver nasally administered medication directly to brain effectively. The intranasal in situ gelling system is a promising novel drug delivery system for an antiepileptic drug Pregabalin which could enhance nasal residence time with increased viscosity and mucoadhesive character and provided better release profile of drug for treating epileptic conditions.


Abstract For the period 1987 to 1993, quantities central to the global moisture budget from the global analyses of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the U.S. National Meteorological Center (NMC), and NASA/Goddard have been computed and compared. The precipitable water is computed and compared with satellite data from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). Fluxes of moisture and their divergence have been used to estimate the vertically integrated moisture budget and thus evaporation minus precipitation (E − P) as residuals. Results of several test computations show that small biases exist in precipitable water as vertical resolution and methods of computing vertical integrals are changed, but the impact is small on the moisture budget. In the Tropics and subtropics the moisture budget is dominated by the divergence field rather than the moisture amounts, and consequently initialization of the analyses has an impact on the perceived moisture budget. The diurnal cycle is ...


Introduction and Objective: To report a case demonstrating the link of LPHS with SN is that is based on IVU7 sign and retrograde pyelography. Renal Sympathetic denervation and Nephropexy (RSD & N) Surgery has proved curable for the condition. Patient and Methods: The reported case in which IVU with erect film shows the IVU7 sign is measure of renal pedicle stretch. Retrograde Pyelography (RGP) showed the internal renal damage while all ancillary imaging were normal. The surgery of RSD & N was used for treatment of the condition. Results: An IVU with erect film and RGP detected the diagnosis and the renal pathology while no other imaging could. Comparing IVU supine and erect revealed the IVU7 sign which is a measure of renal pedicle stretch causing artery stenosis and ischaemia. The findings on RGP show erosion of renal papillae and leakage of contrast medium into renal veins which is the sie of hamaturia. The surgery of RSD & N cured the condition. Conclusion: An IVU with erect film and RGP clinched the diagnosis and revealed the renal pathology while no other imaging could. It should be essential diagnostic investigation in every LPHS case. The surgery of RSD & N cured the condition. Ahmed N Ghanem1*, Khalid A Ghanem2, Nisha Pindoria3 and Salma A Ghanem4 1Consultant Urologist Surgeon, Egypt 2Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt 3North Middlesex University Hospital, London 4Barts & the Royal London NHS Trust, London Ahmed N Ghanem, et al., Annals of Clinical Case Reports Urology Remedy Publications LLC., | http://anncaserep.com/ 2018 | Volume 3 | Article 1552 2 Figure 1: This shows a supine compared to IVY erect film demonstrating right nephroptosis. Figure 2: It shows renal pedicle mapped on a supine IVU film (Horizontal) and erect film (Vertical) limbs of 7 where the renal pedicle is stretched to 3 times its normal length, causing stenosis and ischemia. Figure 3: It shows retrograde pyelography showing erosion of renal papillae and contrast extravasations into renal veins of right kidney where haematuria occurs in an opposite direction. is caused by pedicle stretch causing renal ischaemia as shown on IVU7 sign (Figure 2). The internal renal damage causing pain and haematuria is best shown on RGP (Figure 3). Unfortunately no other investigation including CT and MRI is capable of revealing the pathology of LPHS complicating SN. Upright IVU is currently undone and has not been reported previously in LPHS. Retrograde pyelography findings have not previously been documented in either condition (Figure 3). The use of IVU started early in the 20th century while clinical evidence on the genuineness of SN pain dated back to the 15th century. Loin pain hematuria syndrome was reported in 1967 while Dietl's crisis is known for centuries [5]. Organic reno-vascular complications demonstrated on conventional arteriography of SN and LPHS are of advanced cases. In view of the new evidence presented here and previously [1,2], the authorities should reconsider SN with link to LPHS and bring it back to current textbooks. References 1. Ghanem AN. Features and complications of nephroptosis causing the loin pain and hematuria syndrome. A preliminary report. Saudi Med J. 2002;23(2):197-205. 2. Ghanem S, Ghanem AN. Prospective Observational Study on Loin Pain Hematuria Syndrome Complicating Symptomatic Nephroptosis and the Results of Renal Sympathetic denervation and Nephropexy Surgery. J J Nephro Urol. 2016;3(1):024. 3. Burford CE. Nephroptosis with coexisting renal lesions. J Urol. 1946;55:220-224. 4. Hoenig DM, Hemal AK, Shalhav AL, Clayman RV. Nephroptosis: A "disparaged" condition revisited. Urology. 1999;54(4):590-6. 5. Little PJ, Sloper JS, de Wardner HE. A syndrome of loin pain haematuria associated with disease of the peripheral renal arteries. Q J Med. 1967;36(142):253-9.


Abstract Projections of monthly precipitation data in the Chaliyar river basin for the future scenarios are downscaled. Observed precipitation data at two rain gauge stations located in mid land and high land were compared and found to be highly varying and hence downscaling with respect to the individual stations was adopted. Based on the values of the correlation coefficient between the large-scale atmospheric predictors and observed precipitation data, potential predictors were selected. Predictor-predictand correlation was not similar at the two stations and hence separate sets of potential predictors were selected for both the stations and for three different seasons. Artificial Neural Network-based transfer functions were derived between the potential predictors and the observed precipitation data for each station and for each season and these were subsequently validated. The validated models were used to downscale the data projected by three GCMs, viz. CGCM3, BCM2 and FUB-EGMAM, for the scenarios SRES A1B, A2 and B1 at two rain gauge stations for the period from 2001 to 2100. Results show an increase in precipitation at both the stations for the scenarios SRES A1B, A2 and B1 during the south-west monsoon period. In the north-east monsoon and pre-monsoon, more number of extreme events was present.


A bearing having improved wear resistance has a bearing material of a copper-tin-bismuth alloy which may also include phosphorus which has excellent strength, due to the solid solution of copper, tin and phosphorus (when used), attached to a steel backing shell. The material also has good lubricity as a result of the presence of the bismuth which also promotes tin mobilization and formation of a layer of tin on the bearing surface upon use of the bearing. The addition of small amounts of relatively small hard particles in the copper-tin-matrix, particularly Fe 3 P, MoSi 2 or a mixture thereof, provides a suitable hard surface artifact to improve the wear resistance of the bearing material. The bearing includes a sintered powder compact bearing material of a copper-tin-bismuth alloy powder and a metal compound powder which is bonded to a steel backing shell, wherein the metal compound powder has an average particle size of less than 10 mum.


W the holiday season upon us, many will be taking some well-deserved time off to celebrate with family and friends. I want to take a moment to wish you all a joyous season, filled with best wishes and good fortune through the New Year. This will mean different things for different people—but for me it is the hope that 2007 can be a year of greater understanding among people around the world; that the only wars that are waged be against discrimination, disease, and illiteracy; and that greater effort is given to preserve the environment. This is idealistic, and some may feel it is unrealistic. However, the Society for Biomolecular Sciences (SBS) is but one among thousands of organizations that bring together people of diverse backgrounds to share common ideas and interests. Whether these groups are social or professional, what one discovers is that people are more alike than they are different and that working together gives rise to a better understanding of problems and, consequently, better solutions. I believe all people share the same dreams for a better world. That would be my wish to you for 2007.


Reactive dyeing is primarily used in the textile industry to achieve a high level of productivity for high-quality products. This method requires heating a large amount of freshwater for dyeing and cooling for the biological treatment of discharged wastewater. If the heat of the wastewater discharged from the textile industry is recovered, energy used for heating freshwater and cooling wastewater can be significantly reduced. However, the energy efficiency of this industry remains low, owing to the limited use of waste heat. Hence, this study suggested a cost-optimal heat exchanger network (HEN) in a heat pump-assisted textile industry wastewater heat recovery system with maximizing energy efficiency simultaneously. A novel two-step approach was suggested to develop the optimal HEN in heat pump-assisted textile industry wastewater heat recovery system. In the first step, the system was designed to integrate the heat exchanger and heat pump to recover waste heat effectively. In the second step, the HEN in the newly developed system was retrofitted using super-targeted pinch analysis to minimize cost and maximize energy efficiency simultaneously. As a result, the proposed wastewater heat recovery system reduced the total annualized cost by up to 43.07% as compared to the conventional textile industry lacking a wastewater heat recovery system. These findings may facilitate economic and environmental improvements in the textile industry.


This paper describes a system which results from augmenting an object oriented programming language with term classification facilities like those found in the knowledge representation language KL-One and its successors. Initial experience suggests that this approach results in a more natural and efficacious integration of conventional object oriented programming and knowledge representation than has been attained previously. The capabilities of the system are outlined, and some of the ways in which it may be put to use throughout the process of object oriented software development are touched upon. Some of the examples in this paper use the syntax of Smalltalk, but extensive knowledge of that language is not assumed


were reached, while mechanical properties of the compounds were still good, even after ageing the samples. The effect of magnetite on thermal and electrical conductivity was analysed, showing an increase in both. Furthermore the magnetic properties were measured, showing that the compounds became ferrimagnetic upon adding magnetite. The microwave heatability of the compounds was characterised, showing an increased heat-up rate when magnetite was present in the compounds. The study showed that the unique mix of properties of magnetite can be easily incorporated in rubbercompounds.


Production systems are becoming more and more information intensive activities. Production management is faced with new challenges which demand an overall information approach to production information systems planning. However, production systems are not all alike. Each system presents different information implications for system selection and operation. An information systems view of production information systems is offered. The analysis is based on principles central to systems thinking in general, with specific reference to production systems. Various such systems, including hierarchical, MRP, JIT, OPT and FMS, are then examined from a major aspect of systems design, the concept of system guarantors. Each of these systems has proved successful in certain production environments. However, from an information systems point of view, the question is not always one of net return or claims of increased productivity, but rather who or what will in the final analysis guarantee the system's results.


The lack of fidelity in the present system of voting has made many researchers to advocate for a better system. This has resulted in developing peer-to-peer version of election voting system like the online voting system. This system would allow online voting to be done without the need of worrying about the authenticity of the result generated. This kind of digital signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if the verification and counting of the votes are entrusted to an organization. This paper proposed a solution to the counting and result authenticity problem faced while using the peer-to-peer system of voting that must be manage by a single organization. The solution is the development of a blockchain based voting system to achieving optimal vote's fidelity in the election after voting. The network timestamps votes by hashing them into an ongoing chain of hash-based proof-of-work, forming a record that cannot be altered without redoing the proof-of-work.


PURPOSE: A protected bed cultivation method for the year round production of gastrodia elata is provided to install a protected bed inside a building instead of in a green house or outdoors. CONSTITUTION: A protected bed cultivation method for the year round production of gastrodia elata comprises the following steps: cutting oak trees with a diameter of 10~15cm into a length of 30cm; injecting gastrodia elata seeds, after activating hyphae inside the cut oak; layering a net with a excellent water draining property at the bottom of a protected bed; installing a support rod on the protected bed for preventing culture media from leaking; spreading the culture media to the bottom of the bed; installing the cut oak into the protected bed; injecting spawn fragments into the cut oak; covering the oak with oak sawdust; and injecting the gastrodia elata in a size of 2~8cm among the cut oak after 1 month.


For an account of results on (1), we refer to [8] and [9]. Shorey and Tijdeman [10] proved that (1) with gcd(n, d) = 1 implies that k is bounded by an effectively computable number depending only on ω(d). Further Shorey [8, p. 489] showed that the assumption gcd(n, d) = 1 can be relaxed to d -n in the preceding result. On the other hand, we observe that (1) may have infinitely many solutions in the case d |n. Next Saradha and Shorey [7] showed that (1) with b = 1 and k ≥ 4 is not possible whenever ω(d) = 1. It has also been shown in [7] that (1) with P (b) < k, d -n, ω(d) = 1 and k ≥ 10 does not hold. In this paper, we prove Theorem 1. Let 4 ≤ k ≤ 9, P (b) < k and ω(d) = 1 such that d -n. Then (1) does not hold unless n = 75, d = 23, k = 4, b = 6, y = 4620.


In this study, we present a combinatory chaos analysis of daily wavelet-filtered (denoised) S&P 500 returns (2000–2020) compared with respective surrogate datasets, Brownian motion returns and a Lorenz system realisation. We show that the dynamics of the S&P 500 return series consist of an almost equally divided combination of stochastic and deterministic chaos. The strange attractor of the S&P 500 return system is graphically displayed via Takens' embedding and by spectral embedding in combination with Laplacian Eigenmaps. For the field of nonlinear and financial chaos research, we present a bibliometric analysis paired with citation network analysis. We critically discuss implications and future prospects.


This research article is analyses the ineffectiveness of National Exams to be conducted specifically for the measurement for graduation that actually did not become the one to be a measurement tools as there are still school final examinations that may become other measurement tools for the student graduation. As there are idea of abolishing the national exams and replace it to other measurement for graduations, the author thoughts that there should be an effort on finding better measurement for graduation. Further, it explores more reason on why the National Exams became ineffective. The author takes this case in order to search for academic perspective in viewing the National Exams ineffectiveness and should be replaced to other measurement tools for high school graduation.


The counting problem is investigated for the permutation triples of the first $n$ natural numbers with exactly $k$ occurrences of simultaneous "rises". Their recurrence relations and bivariate generating functions are established.


irradiation time. The microstructure, photochromic behavior and mechanism of the films were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectra (UV-VIS) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The microstructure and photochromic properties of the hybrid thin films could be controlled by ultrasound. TEM image revealed that the average size of phosphotungstic acid (PWA) nanoparticles decreased from 20 to 10 nm with the ultrasound irradiation time from 30 to 60 min. After irradiated with ultraviolet light, the transparent films changed from colorless to blue and showed reversible photochromism. The hybrid film, with ultrasound irradiation for 60 min had higher photochromic eciency and faster bleaching reaction than the one with ultrasound irradiation for 30 min. FT-IR spectra showed that the Keggin geometry of heteropolyoxometalate was still preserved inside the composites, and the interactions between polyanions and polymer matrix increased as the ultrasound time prolonged. It is suggested that the mechanism of the dierent photochromic properties for the inorganic-organic thin films is the variation of the microstructure and interfacial interactions induced by ultrasound.


A digoxigenin-labelled riboprobe was developed for the detection of grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) in infected tissues of grapevine leaves, roots and canes. The probe was GFkV-specific and was successfully used for virus identification both with dot spot assays, using alkali-treated crude sap, and tissue blot assays, using cross and longitudinal sections of leaf petioles. Primers designed for the amplification by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of a viral genome fragment 243 nucleotides in size, gave also positive and repeatable results. These newly developed molecular-based detection tools extend the range of available procedures for the sensitive identification of GFkV in naturally infected hosts.


A thesis for the Degree of Master Of Arts in Human Rights,
In The Department Of Philosophy, School Of Liberal And
Performing Arts, College Of Humanities and Social
Sciences, Of Makerere University


Pearl millet is one of the most popular crops in India. It is nutritionally comparable and even superior to major cereals with respect to protein, fat, energy, vitamins & minerals. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the mineral content and the anti-nutrients present in pearl millet varieties i.e., white grain variety (ICMV-221), hybrids varieties (HHB-226, HHB-223 and HHB-197) and HC-20 variety. Calcium content was highest in HHB-226 and lowest in ICMV-221. No significant differences in calcium content of HHB-197 and HHB-223 was witnessed. Significant (P< 0.05) differences in iron content of different varieties of pearl millet were observed. ICMV-221 contained significantly (P< 0.05) higher zinc content than all the other varieties of pearl millet however, no significant difference in zinc content of HC-20 and HHB-223 as well as HHB-197 and HHB-226 were noticed. The phytic acid and polyphenol content of all pearl millet varieties varied from 620.00 to 875.00 and 304.17 to 438.33 mg/100g.


Abstract : This document presents the derivation and implementation of asymptotic boundary conditions at artificial boundaries for semi-linear elliptic boundary value problems on semi-infinite cylindrical domains. A general theory developed by the authors in a previous work is applied to establish the existence of exact boundary conditions and to obtain useful approximations to them. These are based on the Laplace transform solution of the linearized problem at infinity. The authors discuss the incorporation of these conditions in a finite difference scheme and present the results of a numerical experiment: the solution of the Bratu problem in a two dimensional stepped channel. They also examine certain problems concerning the existence of solutions on infinite domains.


Tablets may be defined as solid pharmaceutical dosage forms containing drug substances with or without suitable diluents and prepared either by compression or molding methods. They have been in widespread use since the latter part of 19th century and their popularity continues. The term compressed tablet is believed to have been first used by 'John Wyeth and Philadelphinn'. During the same period molded tablets were introduced to be used as Hypodermic tablets for injections. Tablets may be defined as solid pharmaceutical dosage forms containing drug substances with or without suitable diluents and prepared either by compression or molding methods. They have been in widespread use since the latter part of 19th century and their popularity continues. The term compressed tablet is believed to have been first used by 'John Wyeth and Philadelphinn'. During the same period molded tablets were introduced to be used as Hypodermic tablets for injections.


The paper investigated the factors that determine capital structures of financial firms using two separate samples of banks and insurance companies and drew comparisons therefrom. It utilized two samples of 16 South African banks and 26 South African insurance companies for the period 2006-2015. The relationship between leverage and firm level determinants of capital structure was tested for each sample. The results showed that the standard firm level determinants of capital structure empirically observed on non-financial firms also apply for banks and insurers. The 2007–2009 global financial crisis (GFC) was found to have negatively affected the financial structures of banks and positively affected the financial structures of insurers. We found that banks and insurers have target capital structures. Banks adjust to this target at an adjustment speed of 44% whereas insurers adjust at a lower rate of 21%.


Randomized benchmarking is an important protocol for robustly characterizing the error rates of quantum gates. The technique is typically applied to the Clifford gates since they form a group that satisfies a convenient technical condition of forming a unitary 2-design, in addition to having a tight connection to fault-tolerant quantum computing and an efficient classical simulation. In order to achieve universal quantum computing one must add at least one additional gate such as the T gate (also known as the π/8 gate). Here we propose and analyze a simple variation of the standard interleaved RB protocol that can accurately estimate the average fidelity of the T gate while retaining the many advantages of a unitary 2-design and the fidelity guarantees that such a design delivers, as well as the efficient classical simulation property of the Clifford group. Our work complements prior methods that have succeeded in estimating T gate fidelities, but only by relaxing the 2-design constraint and using a more complicated data analysis.


Since the theory of governance is formed,it is widely developed and applied.The aim of this theory is good governance.To achieve this aim,the government of China should innovate in administration idea and administration role.So the government of China should form some related ideas.In administrative role,the government of China should innovate in such aspects as the role of lmited government,effective government service government and democratic government.


This paper contains the analysis of pitfalls connected with innovation-based investments valuation. Being long-term projects with high uncertainty, innovation-based investments suffer from different types of mistakes if traditional discounted cash flow methodology is used for their valuation. The real options approach is being used for a long time, but this paper proposes an original approach based upon the consideration of the wide variety of project implementation scenarios. The weighted average polynomial option pricing model presented here may help investors to increase the quality of decisions about their participation in innovation-based opportunities. JEL classification: D81, D92, G32.


This article analyses the prevalent situation of the formal Financial Institutions (FIs) in rural India using data from National Sample Survey 54th Round (January–June, 1998). We use sample selectivity model to examine the sanction of the loan by the FIs as a two-stage process. We model the choice of the household's credit requirement using an unordered choice model, namely, a multinomial logit model. Our results reveal that the rural households are considerably credit constrained. The households who do not have an account in a FI have a lower chance of obtaining the loan and households who are credit constrained have relatively lower land holding and they do not possess livestock. Households who borrow for nonfarm purpose exhibit a lower chance of obtaining credit compared to those households who borrow for farm business. Village level infrastructure plays an important role in determining the credit rationing behaviour in rural India.


Thyroid transcription factor-1(TITF-1/NKx2.1) is one of the NKx2 tissue-specific transcription factor family members,of which expression and deletion are closely related with many human diseases.Starting from the research of disease associated with NKx2.1 genes,more and more domestic and overseas scholars are trying to discuss what roles it played in the process of genetic therapy and genetic diagnosis.In this article,the current research outcome was summarized and the future development direction in this field was prospected.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition which effectively inhibits undesired angiogenesis and its method. SOLUTION: Thalidomide and various related compounds such asthalidomide precursors, analogs, metabolites and hydrolysis products have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and to treat disease states resulting from angiogenesis. Antiinflammatory drugs, such as steroids and NSAIDs can inhibit angiogenesis dependent diseases either alone or in combination with thalidomide and related compounds. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT


This paper reports preliminary results about gravity field changes in mainland China from 1998 to 2008 based on information derived from absolute and relative gravity observation data at stations of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC). These results suggest that; (1) there existed significant inhomogeneity in the spatial-temporal distribution of gravity changes in China and partition phenomenon; (2) significant gravity changes appear to be concentrated in regions with active faults and associated with the preparation of large earthquakes; (3) the majority of large earthquakes (>= M(s)6. 8) in mainland China occurred in areas that exhibited significant differences of gravity changes of 90 X 10(-8)m . s(-2) or greater, and these earthquakes typically ruptured around the time when the trend of gravity change in the region showed signs of reversal.


The Met Office held a testbed over winter 2020/2021 where a new numerical weather prediction (NWP) sub‐km ensemble was set up on‐demand in response to interesting weather phenomena in the United Kingdom. The domain for the model was chosen in real time by a community of Met Office Research Scientists and Operational Meteorologists and over a 4‐month period the ensemble was triggered for nine events. The purpose of the testbed was to investigate whether a real‐time weather regime‐based enhancement in NWP capability was feasible, to understand what benefits a testbed environment might give, and to explore the practicalities of running such an event. Case studies from the testbed demonstrated that forecast ensembles at 2.2 km and 300 m grid spacing were able to capture observed winter weather, with greater spatial detail apparent, especially over complex orography, in the 300‐m model. Ensemble spread appeared less influenced by resolution, potentially due to the size of the domains tested or the weather regimes of the case studies. The testbed also showcased underutilized observations and additional radiosonde ascents were conducted. All the testbed meetings were conducted virtually due to COVID‐19 restrictions, and decisions were made about when to trigger the event using an online message board. The winter 2020/2021 testbed provides ideas for how on‐demand weather‐dependent testbeds might be conducted in the future. However, several recommendations are made that would enhance testbed benefits further, including more dedicated resource, stronger technology and data visualization and greater participation from both academia and weather information users.


This work is intended to assess the learning capability of an agent implemented with a Dueling Double Deep Q-Network in the problem of parameter control for Evolutionary and Swarm-based algorithms. The objective is to build a general parameter control method for these algorithms, that can be used for any Population Based Algorithm (PBA) to solve any numerical optimization problem, implemented for any computing platform, and is able to choose a good sequence of parameter values for the PBA, given a time budget constraint. For the experiments, an implementation of the Particle Swarm Optimization for CUDA devices was chosen as the PBA and a set of well-known highly complex numerical minimization problems were used for the benchmark. The experiments showed that the agent is clearly able to evolve from a completely random decision policy to a fitness-minimization-oriented policy for most of the functions.


iii Acknowledgements iv Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Chemical Imbalance 4 Chapter 3: Social Influence 17 Chapter 4: Persuasion 29 Chapter 5: Method 35 Chapter 6: Results 41 Chapter 7: Discussion 45 References 53 Appendix 67 Tables 78


Abstract The recent successes and failures of political polling invite several questions: Why did the polls get it wrong in some high-profile races? Conversely, how is it that polls can perform so well, even given all the evident challenges of conducting and interpreting them?


TEM has been used for semiconductor device characterization since the 1980's, when Marcus and Cheng first demonstrated the feasibility and utility of applying TEM to semiconductors. The frequency of use of TEM has accelerated briskly due to the continual shrinkage of devices as predicted by Gordon Moore and now documented in the SIA roadmap (http://public.itrs.net/Home.htm). TEM use has also grown due to application of FIB techniques which make possible high precision cross-sections of specific structures. This relentless shrinking has resulted in difficulties in preparing suitable specimens. Many of the features and interfaces in a device may be curved rather than planar, and as the radius of curvature begins to approach the thickness of a TEM specimen, it can result in "geometrical blurring" of features, both for imaging and microanalysis. The origin of this blurring is illustrated in Figure 1, where it can be seen that a single electron may pass through two different features, and as a result, they are not resolved.


There are concerns about the impact that globalwarming will have on our environment, and which will inevitably result in expanding deserts and rising water levels. While a lot of underwater vehicles are utilized,AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) were considered and chosen, as the most suitable tool for conduction survey concerning these global environmental problems. AUVscan comprehensive survey because the vehicle does nothave to be connected to the support vessel by tether cable.When such underwater vehicles are made, it is necessary toconsider about the following things. 1) Seawater and Water Pressure Environment, 2) Sink, 3) There are no Gas or Battery Charge Stations, 4) Global Positioning System cannot use, 5) Radio waves cannot use. In the paper, outline of above and how deal about it are explained Various underwater apparatuses such as manned submersible, unmanned underwater vehicle 2 Survey and observation the deep sea since the Bathyscape invented by Prof. Auguste Piccardwas launched in 1948. The manned submersibles such as"ALVIN", "NAUTILE", "MIRS" and "SHINKAI6500" are good at the visual observation and sampling in small range.The towed vehicles are good at wide area survey. The Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are good at detailed observation and sampling in small range. The Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) such as "Autosub", "Hugin","Thesus" and "URASHIMA" and so on are good at wide area detailed survey because the vehicles does not have tobe connected to the support vessel by tether cable and caclose to seafloor. The development of AUVs is enabled with recent advanced computing and other various advanced technologies .


For most banks, things have been so good for so long, and relations with regulators have been so smooth as a result, that it's hard to recall that it wasn't always like this. How do you prepare your board for a meeting with examiners? Indeed, it has been almost a decade since we've seen confrontations at exit interviews and regulatory meetings regarding the quality of loan portfolios. The 1990s saw increased capital adequacy, improvements in loan portfolios, and significant increases in CAMELS ratings, hence less angst. Many of the bankers and directors who saw the worst of the 1980s and early 1990s have retired since the days of heated confrontations. Now we are hearing more about deteriorating loan portfolios in an already-weak economy that now faces the additional uncertainties following the events of Sept. 11th. And while the agencies have publicly embraced a policy of examiner restraint in regard to the impact of the terror attacks, sooner or later things will change. What should be done if a financial institution finds itself confronted by a very concerned examiner-in-charge? And what should the institution's board do if such a situation arises? If your bank anticipates some trouble in the times ahead, now is the time to prepare directors for the inevitable contact. You know you're in trouble... If you suspect the regulators are really concerned with the quality of your bank's loan portfolio, you'll know for sure when they demand an exit interview with the entire board--even more so if they require the board to visit the agency's district or regional office: their turf. Such appearances are command performances and it must be impressed on your directors that they cannot miss them. Directors should also be told, however, that the true importance of such meetings is to serve as a red flag. To put it more bluntly, such warnings should indicate to all directors and senior managers that the examiners are on the warpath. (There can be other reasons behind a request for an exit interview or a visit to the regional office, but those are beyond the scope of this article.) Moreover, if your directors don't all attend the meeting, how can they fully understand the problems, possible solutions, and eventual course the board must take? What should make all the warnings more worrisome now is that some key factors have changed since the last round of trouble. In 1991, for instance, the FDIC Improvement Act gave extraordinary powers to regulatory agencies and eliminated many discretionary supervisory techniques that had been prevalent prior to the savings and loan debacle of the 1980s. If you are a relatively new Reg O-level management team member or a relatively new director, do not discount the severity of what's facing your institution if exit interviews or regional visits are requested. These are signs of serious trouble--and of the need for an appropriate response by board and management. One key warning at the outset: If they have been doing their job, determining that there is a loan quality problem at your bank and that the regulators will not be pleased, it should not come as a surprise to the directors, nor should it come as a shock that the regulatory agencies require remedial action quickly. If directors are surprised, then they will have a difficult time with other aspects of your bank's relationship with the regulatory authorities. Shut up and listen A major job of the management and hoard of directors at an exit interview is to listen to regulators' criticisms. It is to be assumed that the criticism will be constructive. Do not argue with the examiners. If you argue, you will lose! All loans criticized are to be managed in a remedial fashion and corrected. If necessary, the loans should be charged off immediately. Impress on your board that this discussion is not open to negotiation between the board and the examiners. …


Employee performance affects how much employees contribute to the organization. Performance affects the results or goals of the organization if performance is poor then organizational goals cannot be achieved. Many things that greatly affect an employee's performance include internal and external factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of work culture, work environment and performance benefits on job satisfaction and employee performance at the Mojokerto Regency Ministry of Religion Office. This type of research uses quantitative research, which was carried out within the Mojokerto Regency Ministry of Religion Office. Hypothesis testing using t test. The analysis technique used to test and prove hypotheses is structural equation modeling analysis with Smart PLS statistical tools. The results showed that work culture and performance benefits were statistically proven to have an influence on employee satisfaction. While the work environment does not have a significant effect on employee satisfaction at the Mojokerto Regency Ministry of Religion Office. Work culture, work environment and performance benefits are statistically proven to have a significant influence on employee performance. And employee job satisfaction is statistically proven to have a significant effect on employee performance at the Mojokerto Regency Ministry of Religion Office.


Three types of pheromone receptor cells have been identified by electrophysiological recording from single antennal sensilla trichodea of the male sphinx moth Manduca sexta. These cells responded best to the pheromone components (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal (type A receptor cell), (E,E,Z)-10,12,14-hexadecatrienal (type B), and (E,E,E)-10,12,14-hexadecatrienal (type C). Cell type B also responded to (E,Z)-11,13-pentadecadienal, which has been used experimentally as a pheromone substitute. In recordings from 20 trichoid hairs, 17 were found to be innervated by one cell of type A and one of type B; 3 trichoid hairs had cell types A and C.


Within the world of Israel's sacrificial system, atonement brought about the restoration of right relations between God and Israel through the cleansing of the sanctuary and between human beings through restitution. Despite its many complexities, the work of atonement had a distinctly pastoral function.


Sinter-active soft ferrites with adequate permeability profiles are required for the fabrication of multilayer ferrite inductors (MLFI). For MLFI fabrication, a Low Temperature Ceramic Co-firing (LTCC) process is used. Substituted hexagonal ferrites of Y-, and M-type represent an important family of soft ferrites which might operate at high-frequency conditions up to 2 GHz. However, for Ag-based multilayer inductor applications a sinter process at 900°C is required. Low-temperature sinter-ability is provided by the use of sub-micron powders and/or sintering additives. Substituted Y-type hexagonal ferrites Ba2Co2-x-yZnxCuyFe12O22 were obtained after sintering at 1000°C. Substitution of Cu for Co improved the low-temperature sintering behavior. The addition of 5wt.% Bi2O3 guarantees almost complete densification at 900°C. The saturation magnetization and permeability are significantly affected by the Zn-concentration. A maximum permeability of μ′ = 10 and cut-off frequency fg~2GHz was observed for a ferrite...


Helen Fowle, daughter of Governor Daniel Gould Fowle. Photo courtesy of the State Archives of North Carolina. When the widowed Daniel Gould Fowle [3] became governor in 1889, his daughter Helen became his first lady. Helen Fowle, the daughter of Fowle 's second wife, Mary Eagles Haywood Fowle, who had died in 1886, was born June 14, 1869, in Raleigh. She attended St. Mary's [6] in the capital city. The year her mother died, Helen Fowle also lost her older brother, Fabius Haywood Fowle, who was killed in a hunting accident at eighteen years of age. Governor Fowle was inaugurated on January 17, 1889, and he hosted a reception for state leaders following the ceremony. Contemporary newspapers indicate that many friends of the governor's daughter likewise attended the festivities surrounding the inauguration . W. H. Anthony, chief marshal of the reception, presented his regalia to Helen Fowle. Margaret Fowle Andrews, wife of Phillip H. Andrews, and Martha Fowle Avera, wife of David Avera, the governor's two older daughters by his first wife, Ellen Brent Pearson Fowle, attended the ceremony and received guests along with the governor and his younger daugh ter. Neither of the older daughters lived in Raleigh, inasmuch as they were married and resided elsewhere in North Carolina. The Raleigh News and Observer (January 18, 1889) noted that "Miss Helen Fowle, in white plush, silver brocade and diamonds, was the favorite of the ball and was indeed a poem of beauty, grace and loveliness."


The present invention improves the hydrolysis resistance while retaining the toughness of the material, the average particle rubber modified vinyl resins containing containing calcium carbonate nanoscale with a diameter less than 100 nm, in particular acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) containing polycarbonate composition on.


Simple Summary Approximately 25% of women diagnosed with tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma have germline deleterious mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, characteristic of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, while somatic mutations have been detected in 3–7%. We set out to determine the mutation rates and optimal tissue requirements for tumor BRCA testing in 291 tissue samples. Initial testing was successful in 78% and deemed indeterminate in 13%. Repeat testing was successful in 67% of retested samples, with an overall success rate of 86%. Clinically significant BRCA variants were identified in 17% of patients. Successful sequencing was dependent on sample type, tumor cellularity and size (p ≤ 0.001) but not on neoadjuvant chemotherapy or age of blocks. In summary, our study shows a 17% tumor BRCA mutation rate, with an overall success rate of 86%. Biopsy and cytology samples and post-chemotherapy specimens can be used, and optimal tumors measure ≥5 mm in size with at least 20% cellularity. Abstract Background: Approximately 25% of women diagnosed with tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma have germline deleterious mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, characteristic of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, while somatic mutations have been detected in 3–7%. We set out to determine the BRCA mutation rates and optimal tissue requirements for tumor BRCA testing in patients diagnosed with tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. Methods: Sequencing was performed using a multiplexed polymerase chain reaction-based approach on 291 tissue samples, with a minimum sequencing depth of 500X and an allele frequency of >5%. Results: There were 253 surgical samples (87%), 35 biopsies (12%) and 3 cytology cell blocks (1%). The initial failure rate was 9% (25/291), including 9 cases (3%) with insufficient tumor, and 16 (6%) with non-amplifiable DNA. Sequencing was successful in 78% (228/291) and deemed indeterminate due to failed exons or variants below the limit of detection in 13% (38/291). Repeat testing was successful in 67% (28/42) of retested samples, with an overall success rate of 86% (251/291). Clinically significant (pathogenic, likely pathogenic) variants were identified in 17% (48/276) of complete and indeterminate cases. Successful sequencing was dependent on sample type, tumor cellularity and size (p ≤ 0.001) but not on neoadjuvant chemotherapy or age of blocks (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study shows a 17% tumor BRCA mutation rate, with an overall success rate of 86%. Biopsy and cytology samples and post-chemotherapy specimens can be used for tumor BRCA testing, and optimal tumors measure ≥5 mm in size with at least 20% cellularity.


Tim O'Brien tells a story of John Wade who is suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD). The author utilizes discordance evidence,...


Based on spread spectrum theory and with Matlab/Simulink the DSSS(direct sequence spread spectrum) communication system is modeled and simulated.The cycle of 15 m-sequence,the AWGN channel of 20 dB channel signal to noise ratio and the BPSK modulation/demodulation method are adopted for the whole system.Under the given condition,operation test on the simulation model show that the DSSS communication system could accomplish the spectrum spreading and de-spreading of the signal while has a fairly low error rate,thus the expected simulation result is achieved.Both simulation method and experiment have certain reference value for practical applications.


Effect of hypnosis on length of labour Hao et al (1997) in China measured the effect of nursing suggestions to labouring women and recommends that the conversation of the nurses be "controlled carefully for the purpose of advancing the birth process". This randomised control trial examined 60 first time mothers with a matched control group of 60 first time mothers and found a statistically significant reduction in the lengths of the first and second stages of labour.


Abstract: To evaluate the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (M30) with sisal fibers. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes are produced by replacing the cement with Fly ash and with addition of sisal fiber of 0, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% and length of fibers considered are 5mm, 10mm, and 20mm to the SCC concrete. Sulphonated naphthalene Formaldehyde condensates-based SP is used as water reducing agent. Compressive strength of SCC mix has to be determined at 7, 14 and 28 days. Flexural strength of SCC mix has to be determined at 14 and 28 days. Impact strength of SCC mix has to be determined at 28 days.


During T cell interaction with APC, CD28 is recruited to the central region (cSMAC) of the immunological synapse. CD28-mediated signaling through PI3K results in the recruitment of protein kinase C- (cid:1) (PKC (cid:1) ) to the cSMAC, activation of NF- (cid:2) B, and up-regulation of IL-2 transcription. However, the mechanism that mediates CD28 localization to the cSMAC and the functional consequences of CD28 localization to the cSMAC are not understood. In this report, we show that CD28 recruitment and persistence at the immunological synapse requires TCR signals and CD80 engagement. Addition of mAb to either MHC class II or CD80 results in the rapid displacement of CD28 from the immunological synapse. Ligand binding is not sufficient for CD28 localization to the immunological synapse, as truncation of the cytosolic tail of CD28 disrupts synapse localization without effecting the ability of CD28 to bind CD80. Furthermore, a single point mutation in the CD28 cytosolic tail (tyrosine 188) interferes with the ability of CD28 to preferentially accumulate at the cSMAC. PKC (cid:1) distribution at the immunological synapse mirrors the distribution of tyrosine 188-mutated CD28, indicating that CD28 drives the localization of PKC (cid:1) even when CD28 is not localized to the cSMAC. Mutation of tyrosine 188 also results in diminished activation of NF- (cid:2) B, suggesting that CD28-mediated localization of PKC (cid:1) to the cSMAC is important for efficient signal transduction. These data reinforce the importance of the interplay of signals between TCR and CD28 and suggest that CD28 signaling through PCK (cid:1) may be mediated through localization to the cSMAC region of the immunological synapse. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 181: 7639–7648.


The development of wind energy in the past decade has let to more professional work in manufacturing of wind turbines (WTs), in project development, in financing and in marketing. But the professional level of technical operation of wind farms has had a much lower progress. The state here often remains on the level of operation as for the 500kW class; the technical operator reacts mainly on fault messages and evaluates bills for services and repairs. Technology has changed much since that time, modern WTs are far more tight dimensioned and are much bigger. The technical operation has to orientate towards industrial standards. In this paper the requirements of modern technical operation of wind farms are described as well as the needs for performance evaluation and performance monitoring.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the frequency of congenital hearing loss (CHL) in healthy newborn infants in Konya, Turkey.

METHODS
A total of 43,503 healthy neonates born at Doctor Faruk Sükan Obstetrics and Children's Hospital between the years of 2006 and 2011 were evaluated, prospectively. Hearing screening test was carried out using Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission (TEOAE) method. Hearing test was also repeated three times in neonates with suspected hearing loss in first month of life. Infants with abnormal hearing test were referred to Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Selçuk University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey. Evoked auditory brainstem responses (E-ABR) were performed in these cases. Infants with abnormal E-ABR were referred to further centers for cochlear implantation.

RESULTS
Hearing test was found to be abnormal in 226 (5.19/1,000) infants based on the results of TEOAE, repeated three times. CHL was diagnosed in 216 (4.97/1,000) of 226 infants at the end of E-ABR. These 216 infants were referred for cochlear implantation.

CONCLUSION
Our findings showed that TEOAE method is highly effective in neonatal hearing screening and frequency of CHL was 4.97/1,000 in our region.


Substituted benzeneseleninic acids of the type XC6H4SeO2H (X = m-Cl, p-Cl, m-Br, p-Br, p-Me, m-NO2, p-NO2) have been investigated by mass spectrometry. The fragmentation modes and the fragment ions are discussed and compared with those obtained from the mass spectrum of m-nitro-phenyl selenocyanate, O2NC6H4SeCN. Generally, as regards the acids, besides very weak peaks due to the molecular ions, a number of peaks at higher mass numbers and of greater intensity is observed; these peaks are in multiplets typical of the presence of two selenium atoms, and they correspond to the disubstituted diphenyl diselenides of the type XC6H4SeSeC6H4X. m-Nitrophenyl selenocyanate shows an intense molecular ion peak and the relative fragmentation, while the peak due to the diselenide is of very low intensity.


End_Page 822------------------------------The Great Divide basin of central Wyoming has been the focus of intense uranium exploration for a decade. Over 10 million lb (4.5 million kg) of uranium oxide has been produced since 1957 from the Crooks Gap mining district in the northern part of the basin. This geologic province is estimated to contain at least 270 million lb (122 million kg) of uranium resources and is the least exploited of Wyoming basins known to contain significant deposits of uranium. The Great Divide basin has the most complex structural, stratigraphic, and sedimentologic history of any Wyoming uranium-producing basin. These complexities have exerted significant controls on the ore-forming processes which have resulted in many variations in the characteristics of alteration features and the geometry of the uranium deposits. The massive thickness of the Eocene Battle Springs Formation provides a host unit of up to 4,000 ft (1,200 m) at a maximum in the northern part of the basin and generally does not contain continuous shale breaks to allow for stratigraphic correlations or for the primary focusing of the ore-forming fluids. The result is a massive roll-front system which may be several thousand feet (1,000+ m) in vertical extent, a few miles wide, and tens of miles long exhibiting extreme irregularities caused by variations in both vertical and horizontal porosity and permeability as well as the structural complexities of the basin itself. Farther west and southwest, where the Battle Springs Formation intertongues with the Wasatch and Green River Formations, continuous shale beds are common, allowing fo easier stratigraphic correlations, good focusing of the ore-forming fluids, and the development of roll-front features similar to those in other Wyoming basins. Gross roll-front features indicate pervasive alteration through most of the basin leaving scattered areas of reduced ground as islands. The roll-front trends which outline these reduced islands display a significant influence by faulting and folding in the basins and contain deposits of uranium of variable tenor scattered along the trends at various lateral and vertical positions. The gross outlines of the redox interfaces outlining the reduced islands are very complex in detail and may represent multiple individual roll fronts, each of which must be mapped separately to insure a complete understanding of the frontal development and to result in the discovery of the greatest amount of uranium possible. End_of_Article - Last_Page 823------------


Objectives: To assess Sudanese dentist's knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards dental waste disposal management. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 200 dentists of whom 51.5% were males and 48.5% were females (general practitioners 68.5% and 31.5% specialists) working in private clinics in Khartoum locality. Self-administered questionnaire including questions about demographic data, years of experience, specialty and questions regarding the knowledge, attitude and practice towards dental waste management. The resulting data were statistically tested using chi-square test for differences between variables with P value ≤ 0.05 indicating level of significance. Results: Completed questionnaires were returned anonymously. The response rate was 82.5%. The majority (96.4%) knew about the harmful effect of dental waste disposal, 97.6% were aware about the transmissible infectious diseases (HIV/ Hepatitis B&C) and 95.2% said that waste should be segregated into categories. The majority (84.2%) of the respondents would like to attend a program on dental waste management, 17.6% agreed that health care is not an issue, yet 76.4% stated that it's a financial burden on the clinic and 40% stated that it's an extra work burden. There was statistical significant association between practice and gender/specialty (general or specialist) regarding specific waste disposal techniques (P < 0.05). Also statistical significant association was found between attitude and gender/year of experience with P = 0.049 and 0.001 respectively. Conclusion: Majority of dentists working in private clinics are knowledgeable about dental waste management. The attitude towards dental waste segregation is affected by the financial burden yet there is a need for training programs with an implementation of an annual audit and education within the dental health care centers.


On the 23rd of January 2020, a radio talk show of the future, 20:30 Bruxsels Talks, took place in Brussels. With fictional guests and artists from the year 2030, it discussed how the transition to a climate-proof city had happened since 2019. The body of this article is the script of this fiction piece, produced by BrusselAVenir and BNA-BBOT. In the introduction we explain the relationship between the field of futures studies and fiction, we frame 20:30 Bruxsels Talks within futures studies, and highlight the potential of fiction for knowledge creation and dissemination. By publishing the script, we hope to inspire researchers, changemakers and artists to explore fiction as a method, as a format and as a space, to trigger conversation and imagination, and engage citizens to take up a role in shaping the cities they live in.
Note: This article should be read in conjunction with "20:30 Bruxsels Talks: Fiction as a Method, Fiction as a Format, Fiction as a Space," written by the same author team and published in this issue.


The mist flow open-cycle OTEC concept proposed by S.L. Ridgway has much promise, but the fluid mechanics of the mist flow are not well understood. The creation of the mist and the possibility of droplet growth leading to rainout (when the vapor can no longer support the mist) are particularly troublesome. This report summarizes preliminary results of a numerical analysis initiated at SERI in FY79 to study the mist-lift process. The analysis emphasizes the mass transfer and fluid mechanics of the steady-state mist flow and is based on one-dimensional models of the mist flow developed for SERI by Graham Wallis. One of Wallis's models describes a mist composed of a single size of drops and another considers several drop sizes. The latter model, further developed at SERI, considers a changing spectrum of discrete drop sizes and incorporates the mathematics describing collisions and growth of the droplets by coalescence. The analysis results show that under conditions leading to maximum lift in the single-drop-size model, the multigroup model predicts significantly reduced lift because of the growth of droplets by coalescence. The predicted lift height is sensitive to variations in the mass flow rate and inlet pressure. Inclusion of a coasting section, inmore » which the drops would rise ballistically without change in temperature, may lead to increased lift within the existing range of operation.« less


The user authority setting system includes account number creating module, group creating module, role creating module, function creating module and relation defining module. The account number creating module creates users' account numbers, the group creating module creates at least one group based on the user organism mechanism, the role creating module creates at least one functional role based on the users' work content, the function creating module creates several functions based on users' executed items, and the relation defining module defines the relations among the account numbers, the groups, the functional roles and function using authority. In addition, the present invention also discloses user authority setting method and corresponding record medium for computer to execute.


Coatings and surface engineering are used to protect manufactured components from thermal or corrosive degradation, impart wear resistance and hardness to the surface while retaining the toughness and ductility of the bulk component, also enhance the aesthetic and decorative appeal. In this work Molybdenum based ceramic Nanocomposite (MoSi2-SiC) coating was deposited on the surface of Mild steel substrate by Plasma Vapour deposition (PVD) Method in RF Magnetron Sputtering process. The thickness of the nanocoatings was varied as 50nm, 75 nm and 100 nm. Xray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the microstructures of Mo based ceramic coating. The surface hardness of substrate and coating were determined using a Vickers microhardness tester. Corrosion resistance analysis was also carried out using acidic bath environment by weight loss method. The corrosion resistance of MoSi2-SiC coating was far better than that of substrate.


We found recently that β-lactamase folds in the yeast cytosol to a native-like, catalytically active, and trypsin-resistant conformation, and is thereafter translocated into the ER and secreted to the medium. Previously, it was thought that pre-folded proteins cannot be translocated. Here we have studied in living yeast cells whether β-lactamase, a tight globule in authentic form, must be unfolded for ER translocation. A β-lactamase mutant (E166A) binds irreversibly benzylpenicillin via Ser70in the active site. We fused E166A to the C terminus of a yeast-derived polypeptide having a post-translational signal peptide. In the presence of benzylpenicillin, the E166A fusion protein was not translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas translocation of the unmutated variant was not affected. The benzylpenicillin-bound protein adhered to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, where it prevented translocation of BiP, carboxypeptidase Y, and secretory proteins. Although the 321-amino acid-long N-terminal fusion partner adopts no regular secondary structure and should have no constraints for pore penetration, the benzylpenicillin-bound protein remained fully exposed to the cytosol, maintaining its signal peptide. Our data suggest that the β-lactamase portion must unfold for translocation, that the unfolding machinery is cytosolic, and that unfolding of the remote C-terminal β-lactamase is required for initiation of pore penetration.


Abstract The authors' aim in this study was to determine the vitamin D levels of Turkish women who were undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). The study design was a descriptive cohort study of a total of 208 infertile women at an IVF center in Turkey. Our findings showed that 4.3% of the women had a replete vitamin D level, 23.6% of the women had insufficient vitamin D levels, and 72.1% of women had deficient vitamin D levels. Our findings suggest that much more effective vitamin D support programs should be implemented for women who are seeking to become pregnant.


A video microscope with an objective (1) and a camera (2) and holding a lens, a foot (3) having tripod, characterized in that the foot (3) for drehleitbaren formation, at least outside a circle (27) in its setting plane (24) is formed and below the mounting plane, a centering device (28, 29) to its rotatable centering on the inner wall (27) one on the circuit below the mounting plane and perpendicular to the cylinder, wherein the lens (1) with its length is held perpendicular to the mounting plane and below the mounting plane, looking formed parallel thereto.


The risk of recurrent urinary tract infections in older women may be diminished by systemic or topical estrogen replacement therapy, according to this review of the literature.


Objective To discuss the clinical information of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis (PIF), and compare the relationship between the TCM syndrome manifestations of PIF deficient syndrome and lung CT scores and dimensional scores of SF-36 scale. Methods Clustering method was used in 61 cases of PIF and their clinical information were summed up. The TCM syndrome manifestations of PIF deficient syndrome were compared with lung CT scores and dimensional scores of SF-36 scale by applying rank test. Results The results of both clustering analysis and experiences showed that lung -kidney deficiency and internal blood stasis were the common syndrome manifestations of PIF in clinic. lung CT scores were higher in lung-spleen-kidney deficiency group and lung-kidney deficiency group, and the scores of somatic function were lower in dimensionality of SF-36 scale. Conclusion The common syndrome manifestations of PIF include lung-kidney deficiency and internal blood stasis. The pathological changes of PIF involving kidney deficiency are more serious.