The PHENIX experiment at BNL's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) was designed to uncover properties of the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) via rare penetrating probes. Over the past 15 years, the collaboration has delivered on its promised measurements, often with exciting results beyond those originally foreseen. That the QGP behaves as a nearly perfect fluid and that non-photonic electrons are substantially suppressed has led to the use of heavy quarks as probes of the medium. The PHENIX silicon vertex detectors are opening a new arena for QGP studies, and the MPC-EX, a novel forward calorimeter with silicon readout, accesses low-x physics via direct photons with unprecedented precision. PHENIX has proposed sPHENIX, a major upgrade using the recently acquired BaBar solenoid and full calorimetric coverage and high rate capabilities. sPHENIX will reconstruct jets and extend observables to higher transverse momentum, where comparisons to results from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) heavy-ion program will provide the most insightful. Following the RHIC program, the nuclear physics community has identified an electron ion collider (EIC) as crucial to the next generation of QCD investigations. The BaBar magnet and sPHENIX calorimetry will be an excellent foundation for a new collaborative pursuit of discovery.


Twenty scientists from Third World countries will travel soon to Braunschweig, West Germany. Their arrival will mark the launch of the International Training Program in Biotechnology initiated by Joachim Klein, director of Gesellschaft fur Biotechnologische Forschung (GBF), the Institute for Biotechnological Research. The program's aim, Klein explains, is to provide scientists from developing countries the know-how needed to apply methods of modern biotechnology to problems of importance to them. Participants will be given both instruction and "hands on" experience to enhance their ability to contribute directly to biotechnology programs in their home countries, and to train others locally. The project is unusual on a number of counts. Course work and training given by the German staff of GBF will be conducted in English. GBF will pick up the entire tab, including travel to and from Braunschweig and living expenses while there. There are no strings attached. The only proviso is that participants will be e...


The coal mine enterprise should pay special attention to the construction of management mode called "soft environment" during the process of launching practice and exploring development mode of circular economy.From aspects of strategy,organization,checks and calculates,technology,system,and culture,this article analyses the composition of management mode of circular economy systematically and then sets up the management mode system of circular economy in coal mine enterprise tentatively.To some extent,this article could provide reference for these enterprises to implement more effective management on circular economy.


A T the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, in the 1970s, a circulating nurse was designated to maintain a list of all malignant hyperthermia (MH) family surnames taped to the inside of the swinging doors to the operating suite to be cross-checked by everyone responsible for preoperatively evaluating a patient. Efforts to avoid trigger agents at all costs in those at heightened susceptibility by family history led to risky and often unpleasant alternative anesthetic regimens. Imagine, for example, induction and maintenance of anesthesia for an upper abdominal procedure in a difficult airway patient at risk for MH before introduction of fiber-optic laryngoscopy and nontrigger IV anesthetics. Lethality of the syndrome during the two decades that elapsed between its recognition and its suppression by dantrolene engendered waking nightmares in the care of probands who triggered in the absence of advanced warning. In the current issue, Pollock et al.2 provide a learned account of Keith Ellis's tenacious and articulated efforts to identify the site of action of dantrolene within the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle. Ellis's discovery motivated investigation of components of the excitation–contraction coupling triad as molecular candidates for MH pathogenesis in the face of alternative lipid, central nervous system, catechol, and other MH theories that prevailed until the 1990s.3,4 As eloquently detailed by Pollock et al., Ellis and his coworkers bent diverse experimental models to their purpose in testing dantrolene's potential sites of action, spanning the central nervous system to the periphery. With these data in hand, Ellis was primed for the cognitive leap in perceiving that dantrolene may have utility in the treatment of MH. He sought a collaborator able to perform a first trial of dantrolene in the swine model of MH and forwarded stocks to Gaisford Harrison. Rescue of seven of eight pigs from certain death by MH at Ellis's instigation has since saved thousands of lives and loosened one of anesthesiology's most terrifying shackles.5 With Pollock et al. as guides, readers of Ellis's original manuscripts will be rewarded by familiarity with a chain of experiments that serves as a model of its kind. In bringing Ellis's discoveries once again to light, Pollock et al.'s survey impels the reader to consider what technical advances of comparable magnitude may be identified in contemporary anesthesiology. The current editorial addresses why so little comes to mind. Looking back, the period of Ellis's inquiries stands as a demarcation at the dawn of an incredible quickening in the practice of anesthesia in the two decades that were to follow (table 1). Conversely, innovations in anesthesia care from 1995 to the present have been less generous and of a different order, with a shift in focus from the introduction of disruptive technical advances in drugs and devices to the regulation of caregiver behaviors. What accounts for this shift? I suggest that the decline in innovation in anesthesia care over the past two decades may be traced to the specialty's envelopment by a culture of complacency coupled to a culture of compliance. It has been alleged that "By adhering to the six sigma approach, the anesthesia community has reduced mortality attributable directly to anesthesia so significantly that it is now almost Malignant Hypercompliance


This paper presents a model of small experimental facade panel using four-point bending test. The facade panel with dimensions 100 x 360 mm and thickness approximately 18 mm was slightly reinforced using two layers of impregnated technical fabric from AR-glass roving. The amount of reinforcement in cross-sectional area of the concrete element is small and it is a reason of plastic joints initiation under the loading supports. The purpose of this experiment was validation of all used material parameters from the previous research in the program for nonlinear analysis of concrete and reinforced concrete Atena Engineering. For slightly reinforced concrete elements are monitored parameters better visible especially interaction between reinforcement and used concrete. The load transfer to the concrete element from the testing machine is typically modeled using some small steel plate. This paper shows the difference in results if we insert another flexible plate between the steel plate and the concrete element with a small defined stiffness.


Summary Data were collected from 1044 mothers resident in the rural areas of Zambia during a National Nutrition Status Survey, to determine the effect of lactation on the interval between conceptions. Lactation is very prolonged with a small proportion of mothers continuing up to 33 months. A main reason for cessation of breast-feeding appears to be a new pregnancy, only 1.5% of mothers being neither pregnant nor lactating up to 12 months. During lactation, conception is delayed for at least 12 months. The peak in new conceptions occurs between 25 and 27 months. The normal interval between births is 3 years for rural Zambian mothers.


Community detection based on label propagation algorithm (LPA) has attracted widespread concern because of its high efficiency. But it is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of community detection as the label spreading is random in the algorithm. In response to the problem, an improved LPA based on random walk (RWLPA) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a matrix measuring similarity among various nodes in the network is obtained through calculation. Secondly, during the process of label propagation, when a node has more than a neighbor label with the highest frequency, not the label of a random neighbor but the label of the neighbor with the highest similarity will be chosen to update. It can avoid label propagating randomly among communities. Finally, we test LPA and the improved LPA in benchmark networks and real-world networks. The results show that the quality of communities discovered by the improved algorithm is improved compared with the traditional algorithm.


For a single cylinder gasoline engine,the in-cylinder direct injection was researched and the fuel supply system,electronic-controlled fuel injection system and engine bench test system were designed.The experimental results of some benches were studied and analyzed.The results show that the power and emission performance of modified small gasoline direct injection engine are obviously improved.The injection timing has great influence on emissions.The homogenous charge is also a feasible method when the stratified charge is hard to realize.


The soluble proteins of hybrid larch (Larix olyensis × Larix kaempferi) during cutting ro-otings were analysed by SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis ( SDS - PAGE). From the SDS - PAGE result, we can infer that three kind of proteins (24 KD, 26 KD, 39 KD) are connected with generation and differentiation of root primordium; The protein with 28 KD molecular weight has an ability to promote the root primordium growing and generating adventitious roots; The protein with 47 KD molecular weight inhibits the generation of root primordium or the growth of adventitious roots.


Land Use and Land Cover Change: The Effects of Woody Plant Encroachment and Prescribed Fire on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Carbon Dynamics in a Southern Great Plains Mixed Grass Savanna. (May 2008) Emily Brooke Hollister, B.A., Wells College Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Thomas W. Boutton In the southern Great Plains, the encroachment of grassland ecosystems by mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), is widespread, and prescribed fire is commonly used in its control. Despite this, substantial quantitative information concerning their influences on the community composition, functional dynamics, and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage potential of grassland ecosystems is lacking. The objectives of this study were to: a) quantify the effects of seasonal prescribed fire treatments and mesquite encroachment on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and herbaceous community composition; b) characterize SOC pool sizes, turnover, and storage potential relative to vegetation type and fire treatment; c) evaluate the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities relative to vegetation type; and d) characterize the functional diversity of these same microbes using the GeoChip functional gene microarray. Repeated winter and summer fires led to increased ANPP rates (average, 434 and 313 g m y, respectively), relative to unburned controls (average, 238 g m y), altered herbaceous community composition, and increased the storage of resistant forms of SOC, but did not affect overall SOC storage. Herbaceous ANPP rates did not differ significantly as a result of mesquite encroachment, but herbaceous community composition and SOC storage did. Mesquite soils contained significantly more total, slow-turnover, and resistant forms of SOC than those that occurred beneath C3 or C4 grasses. Similarity among the soil bacterial and fungal communities associated with the major vegetation types in this system was low to moderate. Significant differences were detected among soil fungi, with the mesquite-associated fungi harboring significant


The invention belongs to the technical field of hangars and particularly relates to a movable detachable skin framework hangar. The movable detachable skin framework hangar comprises a framework and a skin. The skin is installed on the outer surface of the framework. The framework comprises a main bearing frame. The main bearing frame comprises a plurality of first bearing curved bars which are sequentially arrayed. The two ends of each first bearing curved bar are fixed to the ground through bottom fixing devices respectively, and every two adjacent first bearing curved bars are connected and fixed through a transverse pipe fitting. The end of the main bearing frame is provided with a plurality of second bearing curved bars which are sequentially arrayed. The two ends of each second bearing curved bar are fixed to the ground through hangar revolving members respectively. Each second bearing curved bar can swing with the straight line where the hangar revolving members at the two ends of the second bearing curved bar are located as an axis. Every two adjacent second bearing curved bars are movably connected through a traction steel wire rope, each second bearing curved bar and the adjacent first bearing curved bar at the end of the main bearing frame are movably connected through a traction steel wire rope, and a retractable hangar door is formed. The movable detachable skin framework hangar is large in structure strength and convenient to manufacture and install.


We investigate the properties of finite gold nanocones as optical antennas for enhancing molecular fluorescence. We compute the modification of the excitation rate, spontaneous emission rate, and quantum efficiency as a function of the nanocone base and length, showing that the maximum field and fluorescence enhancements do not occur for the same nanocone parameters. We compare the results with those for nanorods and nanospheroids and find that nanocones perform better.


The new approaches to stratigraphy, that permit geodynamic interpretations of rock units during mapping, are beginning to be applied to Precambrian successions. Foremost among the new approaches is sequence stratigraphy. In its simplest form, the technique combines the mapping of facies and time‐significant bedding surfaces. The primary surface is the unconformable sequence boundary, or its correlative conformity. However, sequence stratigraphy is not only the documentation of the vertical and internal order of rock units bounded by unconformities, but also the documentation of the hierarchical rank of those units because there are three ranks of unconformity‐bounded sequences. First‐order sequences (megasequences and megasequence sets) record global tectonic cycles. Second‐order sequences (supersequences) record depositional basins or their tectonic stages. Third‐order sequences (depositional sequences) are basin‐filling rhythms. A depositional sequence, regardless of its provenance, geodynamic setting a...


Empirical mode decomposition (EMD), as an adaptive signal decomposition method, has been widely applied to many engineering fields. Two kinds of mean optimized empirical mode decomposition (MOEMD) methods are developed to improve the decomposition performance of EMD. The first method is based on selecting decomposition results with the smallest orthogonality that obtained by different weighted mean curve iteration sifting as the optimal one and the second is selecting the optimal intrinsic mode function in each layer from the results obtained by different weighted mean curve iteration sifting to ensure an overall optimal decomposition result. The two MOEMD algorithms are compared with EMD and other existing signal decomposing methods by analyzing simulation signals and the comparison results indicate that the proposed methods have much more significantly improvement in decomposition performance and precision than EMD and other methods. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to the rotor rubbing fault signal analysis by comparing with EMD and the results show that MOEMD method could effectively identify the rotor rubbing fault and get much better recognition effect than EMD.


Absorption activity of wheat, roots and. its, correlation with roots nutrient flow and leaf photosynthate flow were studied by using ~(32)P and ~(14)C tracer technique.The results showed that the function stage of wheat roots was in synchronous relation to the growth progress of leaf age in axial stem.The roots occured in n/0 leaf age gave the full function, in n+3/0 leaf age.It could be concluded, that function. leaf and function root are partners in transportation and distribution of nutrient flow ata certain leaf stage.


In this article,the uniform design method has been applied to synthesis M-type barium ferrite via co-precipitation.The influence of Fe3+/Ba2+ molar ratio,titration time,titration temperature,solution pH,ageing time,ageing temperature,precalcination temperature,precalcination time,calcination temperature and calcination time on the synthesized M-type barium ferrite has been studied by XRD and SEM techniques combined with uniform design experimental results.The function relations of the relative crystallinity,impurity content,and the particle diameter-thickness ratio of M-type barium ferrite with those factors are acquired respectively,after multiple linear regression analysis for the data of uniform design experiments.By this we get the impact factors and the primary and secondary order of the factors and determine the optimal levels of the factors for each experimental index,which provides a good basis for preparation of BaFe12O19 with excellent performance.


The effects of individual ion impacts on the surfaces of two semiconductors Si(100) and PbS(100) were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). As+ and Ge+ ions ranging in energies from 20 keV to 1 MeV were implanted into Si(100) through a SiO2 layer. STM was performed after removal of the SiO2 by HF etching. Kr+ ions of 8 keV bombarded freshly cleaved PbS(100) surfaces at 45° incidence. Atomically resolved STM images of the impact zone were obtained in this case. Low ion doses ∼1011 cm−2 were used throughout to avoid overlap of cascades. Surface features observed by STM include craters, structural disorder, and surface print defects. There is a 1:1 correlation between the number of ion impacts and the number of craters. The mean crater diameter correlates with the lateral extent of nuclear energy deposition at the surface.


Summary A laboratory and glasshouse study investigated whether it was possible to improve the availability of magnesium from calcined magnesite (MgO). Samples varying from largely unchanged magnesite (MgCO3) to overburnt MgO were made by calcining small quantities of magnesite ore for up to 6 h at several temperatures between 500 and 1000 °C in the laboratory. The effect of calcining conditions on weight loss on ignition, particle size distribution, total, water-soluble and NH4+ -exchangeable Mg was determined and results compared with the current commercial oxide and kieserite (MgSO4. H2O). The results indicated that an oxide could be produced containing nearly double the amount of readily-exchangeable Mg of the oxide used at present. The analysis showed that the most reactive oxide was produced either by burning for 3 h at 700 °C or about half-an-hour at 800 °C, i.e. the minimum time at each temperature for complete conversion of the carbonate to the oxide. Either of these two oxides increased the Mg in plants of the three crops grown in the glasshouse by 0·3% on average, whereas plants given the commercial oxide increased it by only 0·2%. The three crops removed about 70% of the applied Mg from the most reactive oxides but only 50% of the Mg from the commercial oxide. The results of an incubation experiment suggested that burning at 700 °C for 3 h gave a marginally more reactive oxide than the short burn at 800 °C. However, the most reactive oxide produced supplied magnesium at a slower rate than kieserite. This may not necessarily be a disadvantage since most of the soils where Mg deficiency of sugar beet and similar crops is a potential problem need a Mg fertilizer which maintains or gradually increases soil Mg. Thus the improved oxide may bo suitable and a comparison in field experiments of the effects of kieserite and oxides produced under different calcining conditions is needed.


Abstract Purpose: We report the outcomes of patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) for spot-scanning proton therapy (SSPT) treatment plans by disease site. Patients and Methods: We analyzed quality assurance outcomes for 309 SSPT plans. The PSQA measurements consisted of 2 parts: (1) an end-to-end test in which the beam was delivered at the prescribed gantry angle and (2) dose plane measurements made from gantry angle 270°. The HPlusQ software was used for gamma analysis of the dose planes using dose-tolerance and distance-to-agreement levels of 2%, 2 mm and 3%, 3 mm, respectively. Passing was defined as a gamma score <1 in at least 90% of the pixels. Results: The overall quality assurance measurement passing rate was 96.2% for the gamma index criteria of 3%, 3 mm but fell to 85.3% when the criteria were tightened to 2%, 2 mm. The passing rate was dependent on the treatment site. With the 3%, 3 mm criteria, the passing rate was 95% for head-and-neck treatment plans and 100% for prostate plans. No signi...


Reduction of radar cross-section of dihedral corner reflectors using simulated corrugated surface (SCS) is reported. This technique is found to be more effective in the reduction of RCS or corner reflectors for normal incidence. A typical reduction of 40–50 dB is achieved using this method. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


In a speech on 13 November 2001 to the Royal College of Physicians and Faculty of Public Health Medicine, Lord Hunt described the Government's vision of the future of public health in England. His talk was well received by many in the audience, but not by all. In this age of evidence-based medicine it is important to consider whether the proposals are soundly based and are likely to achieve the goal desired by all—health improvement of the population.


In the current work, scuffing phenomenon was investigated by a direct observation of a contact area. A ball-on-disc test rig was used, which produced a point contact area between a rotating sapphire disc and a stationary steel ball. Sequence of the friction and photograph in the contact area was synchronously obtained prior to and during occurrences of scuffing. Experiments were conducted in a dry condition and a lubricated condition with hexadecane. In the lubricated condition, wear debris accumulated in the inlet zone entered suddenly into the contact area to sharply increase the friction coefficient. On the other hand, macro plastic flow occurred in the whole contact area in the dry condition during a rapid increase in friction coefficient.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


I was happy to see this article and to be asked to offer a commentary. Recognizing the effects on sleep of the reality of shared sleeping is long overdue in our field. Just how people sleep at home has been slow to get the attention it deserves. This is due, I believe, to both a fear of losing control of the quality of care if home monitoring becomes a practice for diagnostic testing and to the medical model adopted early in building our sleep laboratories as single-bed hospital rooms. Given the results of this study, that there is a strong link between marital happiness and good sleep, it recasts the problem of sleep complaints among middle-aged women as a social psychological issue. The article is very well-written, the data are well-analyzed, the interpretation is careful to avoid implications of causality, and the article points to the need to follow this study to include men and larger Ns in the various ethnic groups. This is necessary to explore differences between groups that are hinted at but which lacked power to interpret with confidence. One strength of this article is the use of a large data set, collected at multiple sites for other purposes, something the National Institutes of Health has encouraged. However, this also has a downside. Investigators are then limited by the original design, which may not include variables of specific interest, and the instruments used may not be those chosen if the study were to start from scratch. Marital happiness, measured by a single subjective rating, may mask interesting information if the various domains of this relationship were sampled by an instrument, such as Snyder's Marital Satisfaction Inventory. The sleep satisfaction is also a subjective self-report measure, thus violating the Campbell and Fiske recommendations for


The use of free flaps to repair defects of the leg or foot is a viable alternative to cross-leg flaps because (1) the total time of immobilization and hospitalization is less, (2) the total number of general anesthetics is less, and (3) the morbidity and cost are less. Increased experience will enhance the survival statistics for free flaps, making their use the method of choice for the reconstruction of defects in the distal part of the lower extremity.


This article reviews A World Without Time: The Forgotten Legacy of Godel and Einstein. by Palle Yourgrau . 210 pp. , New York, 2005. Price $24.00 ISBN 0-465-09293-4.


We report here an attempt to develop a Database Management System (DBMS) of bio-geo-hydro-meteorological parameters needs of the stakeholders of local level planning for a representative watershed (viz. the Khulgad in Almora district) of Kumaun, Lesser Himalayan terrain in the Uttarakhand. The Khulgad DBMS is constituted of five Geographic Information System (GIS) modules, i.e. geo-informatics, weather-informatics, hydro-informatics, biodiversity-informatics (flora, agricultural crops, fauna and pests) and socio-informatics. Through these modules, the users can retrieve information and develop thematic maps and action plans suited to their needs related to different bio-geo-hydrometeorlogical parameters by a few clicks on a computer.


Significant advances in perioperative pain management, such as multimodal periarticular injection, and subtler advances in surgical technique have resulted in improved postoperative experiences for patients with less pain, earlier rehabilitation, and shorter stays in hospital. Concurrently, and by applying the learnings from above, significant advances have been made in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty care pathways leading to safe programs for outpatient surgery. A natural extension of this process has been the exploration of outpatient total joint arthroplasty (TJA).

There are some papers written on the topic, but not many. The papers are generally report that outpatient TJA can be a safe and effective procedure, but the devil is in the detail. Firstly, most authors in this field carry a bias towards positive outcomes given they fact they are expert, academic, and innovative surgeons, often having controlling interest in the management of the complete perioperative pathway. Secondly, and largely as a result of the above, there is a major selection bias as to who receives outpatient TJA. In all cases, the patients are younger, fitter, and with less comorbidities. Patients reported in the published literature on outpatient TJA therefore do not represent the average patient that the average surgeon would operate on. Recall, TJA patients are becoming heavier and older patients (85+) are also receiving TJA at increasing rates.

It is useful to remember that TJA is a stressful event from a physiological perspective for the patient. Serious complications, including death, can and do occur. Further, some significant events, like cardiac ischemia occur around the second to third day postoperatively. These patients often require medical intervention for stabilization and need readmission when sent home before these events occur. This obviously is not a trivial issue given the penalties applied to hospitals in the US for early readmissions after TJA.

The fundamental questions at this early stage of outpatient TJA are 1) whether it is scalable to a larger audience, and 2) whether or not processes can be developed to make it a routine, standard of care. Given that the current literature is limited and written by expert surgeons on a highly select group of patients, and given that patients in general are getting older and less healthy, it is difficult to imagine a future of TJA as drive through surgery.


A steady-state method was used for characterization of up- conversion quenching in Er-doped glasses. This method is based on measurement of pumping dependencies of quantum yield and the population of the 4I13/2 metastable manifold. The population was determined from absorption spectra variation under the pump of semiconductor laser. The feature of the method consists in measurement of absorption spectra variation in short-wave spectral range of 300 - 520 nm. In this spectral region, a hypersensitive excited state absorption (ESA) band ((lambda) equals 478 nm) for 4I13/2 yields 4G9/2 transition was detected. The following parameters characterizing absolute intensity of ESA band were determined: line strength, integral cross- section, cross-section in maximum, and oscillator strength. This band was used for evaluation of the population of the 4I13/2 metastable manifold and up-conversion coefficients. The up-conversion coefficient, Cup equals 1.7 X 10-17 cm3s-1, was obtained for an Er3+ concentration of 6.8 X 1020 cm-3.


Against the backdrop of this volume, our aim is to contextualize the present chapter within the background of developments in phonological theory and morphological theory of the last fortyodd years, largely those arising from contributions by Morris Halle and his collaborators. The notions of specificity-based competition and blocking, with their indubitable Paninian pedigree, found their way into modern generative linguistics with the introduction of the Elsewhere Principle in Kiparsky 1973, the goal of which was an attempt to reduce extrinsic ordering in Chomsky and Halle 1968. The intuition behind such a principle was that certain rules (or more broadly, operations that modify linguistic representations) will always take precedence over others, given their forms and the relationship of their forms to each other in terms of the fundamental notion of the subset relation from Set Theory. Kiparsky's contribution to phonological theory allowed researchers—and by hypothesis, language acquirers—to merely inspect the form of certain rules in order to determine their relative ordering.1 ∗Thanks to Boris Harizanov, Vera Gribanova, Peter Svenonius, and other participants at the Stanford Workshop on Locality and Directionality at the Morphosyntax-Phonology Interface, and to the members of GELA-Rio for excellent discussion. Special thanks to the editors, Ora and Alec, for their encouragement and for organizing this endeavor. 1One of Kiparsky's subsequent breakthroughs, along similar lines, is found in Kiparsky 1982, in which intrinsic ordering is sought between pairs of rules based on their properties such as sensitivity to derived environments, wordboundaries, and so forth, thereby constituting a cluster of properties that, by hypothesis were ordered into relative strata. It is this latter strategy that is pursued in its application to the organization of the morphological component in Arregi and Nevins 2012.


The NASA-Langley-developed L-Band microwave radiometer was used to remotely measure sea surface salinity during the Chesapeake Bay plume studies. Obtained measurements of microwave brightness temperatures of the sea surface were combined with measurements of sea surface temperature obtained with an infrared radiometer and inverted to produce corresponding values of sea surface salinity. Results from the plume measurements, which indicate the southward extent of the plume along the Virginia-North Carolina coast, are presented and discussed. Additional measurements obtained for the Delaware Bay Mouth flight, and the James River-Shelf flight, are also discussed.


Radical surgery of the breast cancer (ВС) with the radical mastectomy often lead to a dysfunction of the upper lymb on the operation side. The symptom complex of disorders is manifested by swelling, numbness, paresthesias, pain syndrome of varying severity, heaviness, convulsions, spasms, and limited mobility. It is called postmastectomy syndrome (PMS). According to literature sources, the incidence of PMS is 60–80 % of all patients undergoing mastectomy. The severity of postmasectomy syndrome in patients with an inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and locally advanced (non inflammatory) breast cancer (LABC) was compared. It turned out , that majority of patients with IBC had postmastectomy syndrome of the III degree according to Beltran while the patients with LABC (non inflammatory) – II. The limitation of mobility of the upper limb was also more pronounced in the IBC group, while the severity of pain syndrome was the same in both groups.


Prediction of long-term citation counts of paper is increasingly important in academic community. In this work, the prediction of future citation counts is considered as binary classification task. The study is based on 2600 papers of physiology extracted from Web of Science. Eight bibliometric features of citing paper in the first three years after the publication of paper were selected. Three machine learning model and a neural network are built to test whether these features are effective in prediction of future citation counts. The experimental result shows that the selected features are valuable in the prediction of long-term citation counts. And the machine learning and neural network are useful for the task of predicating future citation counts.


I welcomed a special guest to Mickey's Corner at the JCC last Wednesday night. He is Will Shortz, the crossword editor of The New York Times and the riddle maven that we love to listen to every Sunday morning on NPR. Shortz graduated from Indiana University as the only person known to hold a college degree in enigmatology, the study of puzzles. He designed his own curriculum. Later he earned a Juris Doctor from the University of Virginia School of Law. I n order to engage this bright creative genius, I conceived a challenge which I present to you now. It's a two part game called My Word. The answer to the first part will be a four or five letter word that when rearranged and confined by the word "MY" will present a different word whose definition I provide. Each ultimate answer will begin with the letter M and end with the letter Y. The word you unscramble, of course, will be in the middle, hence the name "My Word7'. Let me demonstrate:


Globally, wind power is a technologically matured and commercially accepted technology. However, intermittent and fluctuating wind speed makes it difficult to connect it directly to the grid. It becomes less attractive from the quality and continuous power supply point of view. Nevertheless, the wind speed is affected by meteorological parameters like temperature, pressure, and relative humidity and may be predicted better using all of these parameters or some of the theses as inputs. Since the weather conditions of a particular month repeat approximately after ten years and sometimes even year to year depending on geographical location. This study investigates the errors associated with predicting the wind speed of a particular calendar month using the historical data of the same calendar month in the previous years. Authors propose a strategy for long-term prediction of wind speed based on two nonlinear autoregressive neural network models, (i) nonlinear autoregressive neural network and (ii) nonlinear autoregressive neural networks with exogenous inputs. The models are developed by training the networks with hourly mean wind speed values for seven years, from 2011 to 2017, for three sites in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. These models are used to predict the wind speed for 2018, and the results are compared with the measured data. Both models' effectiveness is evaluated by considering the impact of the exogenous parameters (temperature and atmospheric pressure). The study found that the prediction accuracy of wind speed in long-term forecasting depends not only on the location but also on the repeatability of training samples across the years.


The effects of temperature, hydrogen pressure and catalyst addition on sodium borohydride formation were investigated. Higher H2 pressure is of benefit to NaBH4 formation. Increasing reaction temperature can improve NaBH4 formation kinetic property. However, if the temperature is near the melting point of Mg, the NaBH4 formation was impeded. Ni, Fe and Co addition in the H2+Mg+NaBO2 system promoted the NaBH4 formation, but Cu addition showed a negative effect.


This article comments on Amitai Etzioni's advocacy of "soft communitarianism" as the preferred approach to the establishment of a global governance architecture responsive to the current range of world order challenges facing the world and the United States. The article criticizes the effort to combine an insider discussion of American foreign policy with the presentation of a framework for ethical problem solving that has the potential for acceptance throughout the world. A related criticism is the degree to which the foreign policy agenda is discussed in the terms within which it has arisen in Washington, giving the communitarian approach a discrediting nationalistic tilt.


Social media activity has become one of the nation's main trends due to the availability of easy access to them through their smartphones. Most residents in the Sultanate have Internet access and smartphones, allowing them to regularly check and update popular media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. For a country as small as Brunei, small and medium enterprises have limited budgets for marketing. That is why most of them have resorted to using social media to announce promotions and introduce products and advertising services. With the need to fulfill one of the obligations of Brunei's Wawasan 2035 regarding expanding the nation's business activity, many of the locals have been starting their businesses. The emerging trend of advertising one's business through social media is one of the main tools for the locals to effectively spread and advertise their businesses throughout the nation. Despite social media's effectiveness as a marketing tool, bloggers and marketing experts mentioned in the article that there are still many businesses that are not using it for marketing; they are either not using social media or doing it wrong. This research will particularly aid and help small and medium-sized enterprises, investors, and startups Social Media Marketing, Consumer Behaviour as the research will give an insight into how consumers' perceptions can be influenced through social media and social media marketing in the nation.


As GPS technology has been developed with other mobile communications, GPS function is essentially loaded on mobile devices including smartphone and tablet PC. Thus, users can exchange information based on the current location of the GPS through the application service such as path-finding and current velocity. However, since it is difficult to identify accurate means of transportation of a user, there is limitation on providing high-quality service and information. For instance, it causes unnecessary data consumption that providing unnecessary traffic information to a user walking or riding city rails.


Design of virtual oscilloscope based on PCL818HG using Visual C++6.0.possessing time analyse and frequency spectrum analyse and outputting a great variety of wave.On the other hand,the main panel displays the result with real-time curve.


Portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) is a poorly understood complication of liver disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We sought to identify novel biomarkers of POPH disease presence and severity. We performed a prospective, multicenter, case-control study involving patients with liver disease undergoing right heart catheterization. POPH cases were defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥25 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) >240 dynes·s·cm−5. Plasma samples were collected from the systemic and pulmonary circulation, and antibody microarray was used to identify biomarkers. Characterization and validation of a candidate cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Continuous variables were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test and correlated with disease severity using Spearman correlation. MIF levels were elevated in both the systemic and pulmonary circulation in patients with POPH compared with controls (median MIF level [interquartile range] in systemic circulation: 46.68 ng/mL [32.31–76.04] vs. 31.19 ng/mL [26.92–42.17], P = 0.009; in pulmonary circulation: 49.59 ng/mL [35.90–108.80] vs. 37.78 [21.78–45.53], P = 0.002). In patients with POPH, MIF levels were positively correlated with PVR (r = 0.58, P = 0.006) and inversely correlated with cardiac output (r = −0.57, P = 0.007). MIF >60 ng/mL or tricuspid regurgitation gradient >50 mmHg had a 92% sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of POPH, with a positive predictive value of 86% and a negative predictive value of 96%. MIF is a promising novel biomarker of POPH disease presence and severity in patients with liver disease and portal hypertension.


The present invention provides a liquid material vaporizer and a deposition apparatus using the liquid raw material of the gasifier, when vaporized by the liquid permeable member so that droplets of feed, the temperature of the entire air-permeable member is made uniform mesh possible to prevent clogging due to incomplete gasification. Liquid raw material vaporizer (300) having: a liquid feed into a droplet and gasification space (350) a liquid material supply section (300A) ejected; gasification unit (300B); from the liquid material supply section droplet liquid raw material introduced into the vaporizer inlet portion (338); and a permeable member disposed (362) mist collecting portion (360) formed of the permeable member is heated by radiant heat from the inside portion the gasification a material; radiant heat from the heater (370), the entire outer surface of the heat ray irradiation permeable member, and permeable member is heated by the radiation heat; outlet port (340), which raw material gas fed to the outside, the raw material gas by the liquid droplet-shaped material is heated by the air-permeable member being gasified.


Sliding mode control systems provide an effective and robust means of controlling nonlinear plants. The main advantage of the systems is their insensitivity to disturbance and parameter uncertainties. However, for several reasons, the advantage is usually not perfectly achieved in the real systems. One of the reasons why the real systems are not fully insensitive to disturbance and parameter uncertainty is the presence of the measurement noise in the systems. In this paper the effect of the noise on the robustness of variable structure control is analysed. It is shown, that on the contrary to the ideal circumstances, when the measured state is corrupted with noise, variable structure control may not be able to force the state of the controlled plant onto the switching surface itself, but only to some vicinity of the surface. The vicinity is determined in the paper.


The solvent‐induced electronic predissociation [B→a1g(3Π)] following an ultrafast X→B transition in molecular iodine is studied using a classical ensemble representation of Heisenberg's equations of motion. An N electronic state quantum mechanical Hamiltonian is used to derive (coupled) equations of motion for the population (and the coherence) of the different electronic states as well as classicallike coupled equations for the nuclear dynamics (of both the molecule and the solvent) on each electronic state. The ultrafast excitation of the intermediate B state creates a coherent vibrational motion in this bound state. The localized nature of the solvent‐induced B–a1g(3Π) coupling results in a steplike depletion of the excited B state population and hence in a bulletlike appearance of population on the dissociative a1g(3Π) state twice per vibrational period. The depletion of the B state population and the appearance of products on the a1g(3Π) state are discussed as a function of solvent density and polari...


In this paper, a three-layer artificial neural network (ANN) was investigated to predict the inhibitory concentration (IC) values assessed via MTT cell viability assay on the four types of human lung epithelial cancer cell lines. In order to achieve this purpose, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network trained with back-propagation algorithm was employed for developing the ANN model. To develop the model, the input parameters were concentrations and types of cell lines and the outputs were IC10, IC20, IC30, IC40, IC50, IC60, IC70 and IC80 values in the A549, H157, H460 and H1975 cell lines. The proposed ANN model has achieved good agreement with the experimental data and has a small error between the estimated and experimental values. The obtained results show that the proposed ANN model is a useful, reliable, fast and cheap tool to predict the IC values assessed via MTT cell viability assays.


One considers the birth and evolution of scalar and tensor gauge-invariant perturbations in "generalized inflationary models", that is cosmological models with a suitable early phase of accelerated expansion. In this frame the classical analysis that BARDEEN et al. performed for the standard de Sitter inflation is extended to a more general context.


Deep learning has led to unprecedented advances in speech enhancement. However, deep neural networks (DNNs) typically require large amount of computation, memory, signal buffer and processing time to achieve strong performance. Designing a DNN to meet a given resource constraint requires dedicated efforts. This study proposes a novel recurrent neural network (RNN) based model for time-domain multichannel speech enhancement that can be easily tuned to meet a given constraint. We present results of training the model at different scales, where algorithmic latency varies from 1ms to 16ms , model size varies from 100 Thousand to 25 Million parameters, and compute to process one second of speech varies from 100 Mega to 25 Giga multiply-accumulates (MACs). Experimental re-sults demonstrate that the proposed model can obtain similar or better performance using fewer computes and parameters than competitive approaches to low-latency multichannel speech enhancement.


The paper describes some easily neglecting construction technology problems and gives the solution methods for continuously prestressed concrete beam ,which is concreted in-site with methods of full-space support and beam-column support.The loading analysis models have been established also.With an example of engineering practice,the detailed structural analysis was made.To concrete the box section one part after another with horizontal construction joints,the remaining stress would be produced in the concrete.The remaining construction stress can be decreased by reasonable methods and concreting in proper orders.


(1) Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's-Faulkner Hospitalist Program; (2) Center for Community Health and Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital; (3) Boston REACH Coalition; (4) Center for Health Equity and Social Justice, Boston Public Health Commission; (5) National Partnership for Women and Families; (6) The Brookings Institution; (7) Survey and Data Management Core, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; (8) Boston Public Health Commission; (9) Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; (10) Department of Society Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health


The kinetics of adsorption of water vapor has been studied at 100℃ and 130℃ for Linde 4A, 5A and 13X zeolite pellets. Rates of adsorption were followed gravimetrically in a conventional high vacuum gas adsorption apparatus. The effective diffusion coefficients De of water vapor were found to vary with the amount adsorbed, a. Values of De showed a maximum at a≈2 mM/g for 4A and a≈4 mM/g for 5A. In the range a≥7 mM/g D. increases sharply as a increases for all these three types of zeolites. Activation energies E of diffusion of water vapor in these zeolites decrease from ≥10 kcal/M to 4~5 kcal/M as a increases from 1.5 mM/g to≥6mM/g. From the experimental results, it appeared that: (1) rate of adsorption of water vapor by pellets of zeolites is controlled mainly by the diffusion of water vapor in the crystals of the zeolites; (2) the metallic cations and pore structure of the crystals show greater effect on such diffusion process at low adsorption; and (3) on approaching saturation adsorption the diffusion of water molecules in the zeolite crystals is similar to that in liquid water.


Abstract UC is a data-parallel extension of C designed for scientific computations on synchronous and asynchronous parallel architectures. The primary constructs of the language include sets, reductions, and parallel and asynchronous composition. Its communication model is that of a globally addressable memory, with no syntactic distinction between local and remote data references, Unlike most existing data-parallel languages, UC programs may be synchronized at multiple levels of granularity, from a strict expression-level synchronization to a coarser statement or function-level synchronization. This paper describes the language and its implementation on the Connection Machine CM-2. Experimental measurements that compare the performance of the UC compiler with that of programs written in commercial parallel languages such as CM Fortran, C*, and *Lisp are also presented.


The microstructures of Ti-Al alloys in the range 56–62 at.% Al have been studied. These compounds consist of a basic L1 0 structure on which is superimposed an irrational modulation (Ti 3 Al 5 related). This is incommensurate by occupation. It has two-dimensional modulations in which the wave vectors are q 1 = α( a * + b * ) and q 2 = α(- a * + b * ) where a * and b * are the L1 0 reciprocal basis and α is an irrational fraction. α decreases from 0.282 to 0.26 as the Al concentration increases to 60 at.% Al, i.e., the positions of the satellites change continuously with varying Al concentration. A third phase, TiAl 2 , appears at a composition of 62 at.% Al which means that no Ti 3 Al 5 (62.5 at.% Al) of stoichiometric composition can ever exist.


Abstract Undoubtedly, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with about 400 ethnic groups and languages. There is a double burden of disease with rising incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus. World Health statistics indicate that Nigeria has the highest number of diabetics in sub-Saharan Africa. In spite of advances in diabetes care and facilities, desired outcomes are not good and linked to this, patient satisfaction is not optimal. Reasons include inadequate attention to biological aspects of diabetes, inadequate or inappropriate pharmacology and psycho-socio-cultural factors. In this review, crucial socio-cultural factors in Nigeria include traditional medicine, religion, diet, physical activity patterns, foot care, awareness, and stress management. Diabetes programs in Nigeria should adopt the principles of education and psycho-social support highlighted by the DAWN study, integrating our socio-cultural heritage, empowering individuals to take charge of their diabetes and achieve desired health outcomes. Religion should be explored as a potential tool to reach out on facts whilst doing away with erroneous beliefs about diabetes mellitus.


Green Machining,which means dry machining and near dry machining,is now the new trend applied in machine tools.With the study of spray lubrication and the analysis of the environment and tools performance in concrete experiment,this paper expounds practical parameters for crank oil passage machining.By using experiment parameters it develops a new type of CNC drill machine tool.This paper validates the reliability and feasibility of dry machining and also provides fairly practical experience for further design.


 Your instructor has uploaded the roster from Blackboard to WebAssign. Your account has already been created. You do not need to create an account. There is no class key for this course.  The easiest way to log in to WebAssign is via the WebAssign button on your Bb course site. The Math Dept. recommends that you use Mozilla Firefox as your browser for optimal compatibility with Blackboard and WebAssign. Browsers such as Safari or Internet Explorer are not always compatible with WebAssign via Blackboard. If you are directed to Enter a Class Key when you click the WebAssign button in your Bb course site, you have a browser problem. Try using Firefox. If that does not resolve the problem, contact WebAssign tech support. It likely has something to do with cookies or cache or other such settings.  If you choose to bypass Bb (because you want to use another browser such as Safari), you may access WebAssign directly via webassign.net. Your WebAssign account will not have an email address associated with it until after you've logged in via Bb one time, so you must log in via Bb at least once in order for this to work. After that you may access WebAssign directly by following these instructions:  Go to webassign.net and click the Log in Button.  Next, click on the " Forgot your username? " link.  Check your UT email to get your username and institution code. (It will be something like UTnetID::app-69. The institution code is utk.)  Use the Reset Password link at the bottom of the email to reset your password so that you will be able to log in directly via the WebAssign home page rather than via Bb. If you need technical help with WebAssign, contact WebAssign, not OIT. The Support button is near the top of the webassign.net home page. Your instructor does not know the particulars of your computer, but WebAssign has many help options. The best place to start is by clicking the Support link. There you will find links to quick start guides, online help, email support, tech support phone number and hours, etc.


This study aimed to assess the conditions under which monkeys might produce common effects in an instrumental task. One group of Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana) and two groups of rhesus macaques (M. mulatta) were given series of tests in which food incentives were placed under stones of various weights. In the Tonkean group, the simultaneous action of two subjects in moving the same stone was a relatively frequently occurring event: coaction was more effective than individual action for moving heavy stones; however, there were no signs of coordination among partners and no improvement through learning. In rhesus groups, instances of coaction were extremely rare, and rates of agonistic interactions were higher than in the Tonkean group. It is suggested that "coproduction" represented an emergent phenomenon resulting from social interactions and, as such, was dependent on the level of interindividual tolerance.


On the basis of the percolation picture from the hadronic phase with hyperons to the quark phase with strangeness, we construct a new equation of state (EOS) with the pressure interpolated as a function of the baryon density. The maximum mass of neutron stars can exceed 2M⊙ if the following two conditions are satisfied; (i) the crossover from the hadronic matter to the quark matter takes place at around three times the normal nuclear matter density, and (ii) the quark matter is strongly interacting in the crossover region and has stiff equation of state. This is in contrast to the conventional approach assuming the first order phase transition in which the EOS becomes always soft due to the presence of the quark matter at high density.


The double revolving fiber positioning unit (FPU) is one of the key technologies of The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscope Telescope (LAMOST). The positioning accuracy of the computer controlled FPU depends on robot accuracy as well as the initial parameters of FPU. These initial parameters may deteriorate with time when FPU is running in non-supervision mode, which would lead to bad fiber position accuracy and further efficiency degradation in the subsequent surveys. In this paper, we present an algorithm based on deep learning to detect the FPU's initial angle using the front illuminated image of LAMOST focal plane. Preliminary test results show that the detection accuracy of the FPU initial angle is better than 2.°5, which is good enough to distinguish those obvious bad FPUs. Our results are further well verified by direct measurement of fiber position from the back illuminated image and the correlation analysis of the spectral flux in LAMOST survey data.


Iraq's healthcare infrastructure has deteriorated after decades of war and sanctions. A small fraction of Iraqis injured as a result of war have accessed quality care at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUMC), some funded by the Iraqi government. This chapter, based on the author's work as a surgeon treating Iraqi war wounded at the AUMC, describes how powerful elites determine the political value of a war wound, influencing what a person's injury means to the country as a whole and hence, the kind of treatment the Iraqi government is willing to sponsor. As such, the chapter sheds light on a form of social stratification shaping access to care for war-injured populations in Iraq and around the world, as political elites seek legitimation for their projects.


Submitted for the MAR13 Meeting of The American Physical Society Cascade Failures in Power Grids with Distributed Generation1 ANTONIO SCALA, CNR-ISC, SAKSHI PAHWA, CATERINA SCOGLIO, Kansas State University, ISC INSTITUTE FOR COMPLEX SYSTEMS TEAM, DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING TEAM — Power grids are nowadays experiencing a transformation due to the introduction of Distributed Generation based on Renewable Sources. At difference with classical Distributed Generation, where local power sources mitigate anomalous user consumption peaks, Renewable Sources introduce in the grid intrinsically erratic power inputs. By introducing a simple schematic (but realistic) model for power grids with stochastic distributed generation, we study the effects of erratic sources on the robustness of several IEEE power grid test networks with up to 2 × 103 buses. We find that increasing the penetration of erratic sources causes the grid to fail with a sharp transition. We compare such results with the case of failures caused by the natural increasing power demand. 1US grant HDTRA1-11-1-0048, CNR-PNR National Project Crisis-Lab, US Department of Energy grant EE-0003812


Radial cracks for indented soda-lime glass aged in distilled water were highly elliptical because of truncation by lateral cracks. Indentation in silicone oil minimized radial/lateral crack interaction but still produced cracks having nominally constant ellipticity during bend testing. Analysis of applied stress/indentation crack length data using stress intensity factors based on half-penny crack shape resulted in apparent R-curve behavior and/or overestimation of the fracture toughness. Incorporation of elliptical shape factors eliminated the R-curve behavior and reduced measured toughness to near the accepted value for soda-lime glass.


Abstract Realistic modelling of fire scenarios is still difficult due to the scarcity of reliable data needed for deterministic and probabilistic fire safety analysis. Therefore, it has been recognized as highly important to establish a fire event database on an international level. In consequence, several member countries of the Nuclear Energy Agency of the OECD have decided in 2000 to establish the International Fire Data Exchange Project (OECD FIRE) to encourage multilateral co-operation in the collection and analysis of data related to fire events at nuclear power plants. This paper presents the OECD FIRE project objectives, work scope and current status of the OECD FIRE database after 3 years of operation as well as first preliminary statistical insights gained from the collected data.


Most transoceanic tsunamis are destructive,such as 1960 Chile tsunami and 2004 Sumatra tsunami.The propagation mechanisms of transoceanic tsunami and near-field tsunami are different,so are the mathematical models.In this paper,based on the finite difference method,the leap-frog scheme is used to solve the linear shallow equations by comparing with Boussinesq equations.As an example,2004 Sumatra tsunami is simulated,and the calculation results are compared with those provided by NOAA and NGDC.The methodology suggested in this paper will give the technological support to the tsunami hazard analysis and the tsunami warning service.


Anticipating silicon response in the presence or process variability is essential to avoid costly silicon re-spins. EDA industry is trying to provide the right set of tools to designers for statistical characterization of SRAM and logic. Yet design teams (also in foundries) are still using classical corner based characterization approaches. On the one hand the EDA industry fails to meet the demands on the appropriate functionality of the tools. On the other hand, design teams are not yet fully aware of the trade-offs involved when designing under extreme process variability. This paper summarizes the challenges for statistical characterization of SRAM and logic. It describes the key features of a set of prototype tools addressing that required functionality together with their application to a number of case studies aiming at enhancing yield at product level.


In experimental work with nuclear research emulsions, one sometimes makes scattering measurements to determine the energy distribution of a beam of particles incident on the emulsion. To do this, one selects particles which leave tracks longer than a certain minimum length. This sample is a biased sample, and a correction for this bias has been calculated, considering both single and multiple scattering.


Introduction: Breast cancer is a disease that will affect every woman in her life.
Whether that affect will be direct or indirect is, at this stage almost impossible to
determine. There have been several key findings in recent years with genes being found
that are linked directly to breast cancer. With these being attributed to less than 10% of
breast cancers diagnosed, the need for new biomarkers of breast cancer exists. This
study aims to find new biomarkers though differential analysis of breast cancer tissue.
Several different analysis have been conducted to provide insight in to potential new
markers for diagnosing early onset breast cancers, looking for signs in otherwise healthy
tissue and ascertaining differences between cancer and healthy tissue as a whole. This
study also looks in to the functional areas of proteomic research, determining a need for
further investigation in to IGF-1 and ~-casein, which have been inconclusively linked to
breast cancer in the past.

Methods: By employing selected proteomic technologies including iso-electric
focusing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and combining samples from
populations from different locations across the globe, collections of two-dimensional
gels from breast tissue were differentially compared to isolate proteins that have a high
likelihood of being involved in breast cancer.

Results: This approach to breast cancer research has led to many proteins being isolated
that have a role in breast cancer. The proteins found have a diverse range of roles from
signaling proteins to structural proteins. Within those proteins successfully identified
are proteins like HSP60, known to have a role in breast cancer, serum albumin which
has limited information regarding a role in breast cancer and FLJ20309, one of several
proteins that have been assumed from cDNA clones with little available information
available regarding its function.

Conclusions: This study has led to the discovery of proteins that were previously
thought to have limited, if no input in breast cancer. All of the proteins found require
further experiments to fully elucidate their function in breast cancer however at least
some of these are show promise as being of diagnostic and/or therapeutic value.


Thymidine kinase (TK), which in the salvage pathway of DNA synthesis catalyses the phosphorylation of thymidine to thymidine monophosphate, occurs in human tissue as two distinct activities (Kit, 1976). In proliferating cells this activity which is termedfetal exhibits properties similar to that of human fetal tissue whereas that termed adult predominates in normal dormant cells (Taylor et al, 1972; Adler & McAuslan, 1974). W e have recently demonstrated that in unstimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals with anaemia due to vitamin BIZ or folate deficiency, TK activity is increased three-fold and exhibits properties of the fetal isoenzyme. Appropriate vitamin therapy results in reduction of this activity to normal levels and change from fetal to adult isoenzyme (Ellims et al, 1979). The finding of reproducible TK activity which exhibits properties of the adult isoenzyme in plasma of normal individuals prompted us to determine the nature of plasma TK activity in patients with normoblastic and megaloblastic anaemia. The data shown in Table I compare plasma TK


Lithuanian personal names have been investigated for many years by researchers; however, little attempt has been made to study students' names of Siauliai University. The aim of the present article is to investigate Siauliai University students' names in the sociolinguistic aspect, to perform linguistic and statistical analysis of names. The article seeks to reveal the diversity, distribution, origin and semantic motivation of students' names. The selected period is from the year 2000 to 2015. The study involved 7166 first-year full-time and part-time students, including 5776 female and 1390 male students. 735 different names were recorded, 491 female and 244 male names. It has been revealed that the most popular female name is the name of Greek origin Kristina (180 students), the second – Lithuanian name Lina (177 students), the third – Greek name Jurgita (154 students). The dominating male name is the name of Hebraic origin Tomas (72 students), the second – Lithuanian name Mindaugas (54 students), the third – Greek name Andrius (41 students). The analysis of the etymology of students' names shows that there are more names of Lithuanian origin among the most common female names, e.g. Ausra, Daiva, Jūratė, Rasa, Vaida; however, the most frequent male names include Christian names of Hebraic, Greek, Latin, German and Celtic origin.   The data collected during the investigation were compared with baby names registered in Lithuania. Statistical data were calculated on the basis of information from the compendium of the Republic of Lithuania citizens' names, compiled by the Commission of the Lithuanian Language, and information from the Residents' Register Service.The obtained data reveal that some Lithuanian names are clearly motivated semantically, for example, according to the character and personality traits, related to the names of certain natural phenomena and floral names. A great number of students' names of foreign origin reflect positive sociocultural values of the community.The research shows that Siauliai University students' names reflect the social and cultural atmosphere in the community and express the values dominant in the community. That was proved by more frequent old Lithuanian and Christian names and less frequent appellative and unusual avoidable diminutive names.


The conception of aerobic capacity is discussed in this paper. All of VO 2max , anaerobic threshold and VO 2max plateau duration should be the target of endurance training. It is also discussed that what kind of training intensity may promote the three indexes mentioned above.


Climate change has a serious impact on the availability of various resources on the earth especially water, which sustains life on this planet and directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the mean seasonal temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and reduce the yield throughout the 21century. The average temperature change is predicted to be 2.33°C to 4.78°C with a doubling in CO2 concentrations. The heat waves will lead to increased variability in summer monsoon precipitation, which will result in drastic effects on the agriculture sector in India. Food production systems are extremely sensitive to climate changes like changes in temperature and precipitation, which may lead to outbreaks of pests and diseases thereby reducing harvest ultimately affecting the food security of the country. Bio-technology has to develop crop varieties are specialized to coping with the effect of climate change. Improved management of inputs and shifts in farm practices significant worth emphasising for the sustainable development. The genetic diversity in crops provides a platform to identify suitable thermal and drought tolerant cultivars for sustained productivity, identification of suitable agronomic management practices, an overall assessment of soil health and the possible alterations in soil physical, chemical and biological characters need to be looked for climate change


Based on risk identifi cation of lead-acid battery production, this paper researches the key technology of risk control systematically, and puts forward some feasible measures to prevent risks, which have a certain practical significance to some environmental risk prevention in the lead-acid battery industry.


After being postponed in 2021 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, Southern Manufacturing & Electronics returns in February and will showcase the latest manufacturing technology


The possibility of generating an electromagnetic (EM) wave by a free-electron laser (FEL) beam from the Cherenkov device to control the cylindrical waveguide's field attenuation filled with plasma has been investigated by analytical formalism. This new study sheds light on Cherenkov FEL (C-FEL) beam interaction with electrons of inhomogeneous warm plasma to generate an EM wave in fractional dimensional space. The new analysis of traveling and standing waves in terms of Hankel and Bessel functions paves a way for introducing controlled EM wave propagation based on fractional $D$ -dimensional space. It has been found that the C-FEL beam excites the EM wave and enhances the propagation of the electrical field through fractional dimensional space with propagation constant depending on the Langmuir frequency. Within the plasma in the cylindrical waveguide, a TM mode emerges, which contains spatial frequencies with a faster growth rate for traveling waves than standing waves.


Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky, a renowned Russian psychologist, whose immediate family, academic surrounding, and scientific findings are typically scrutinized by scholars of past and present (Feingenberg, 1996, Kotik-Friedgut, 2008, 2011, Kuzmich, 2006, Vygodskaya & Lifanova, 1999, Yasnitsky, 2011, 2012) was the first to emphasize the holistic multidisciplinary approach to child development of pedology (child pedagogy) and distinguish two equally meaningful components of child education: obuchenie (teaching/learning process) and vospitanie (fostering). Even though Vygotskian theories are extensively employed in modern educational practices the intricacy of a complex unity of obuchenie and vospitanie in the process of education was overlooked as both were unified under an overarching English translation of education which distinctly demonstrated the existing issues in academic translation as well as cultural adaptation of the content (Nord, 2005, Smith, 2011, Snell-Hornby, 2000). To elucidate


Thank you for reading systematic instruction in reading for spanish speaking students. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite books like this systematic instruction in reading for spanish speaking students, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


To explore how children's furniture can become a tool of parent-child interaction, so that furniture can not only satisfy children's curiosity, but also bring new feelings and experiences to parents and children. It is necessary to establish a bond of love between parents and children by adding parent-child interaction projects. This children's furniture will give children a warm family life experience. Background analysis of parent-child interaction furniture design was conducted by means of data search and market research to explore children's physiological and psychological characteristics. It is necessary to analyze parent-child interaction mode and its elements and try to make compound chairs have interactive functions so that compound chairs can bring good interaction experience to parents and children. As a result, this compound chair can meet user needs. The design features of parent-child interactive furniture are analyzed with the physiological characteristics of children as the design elements. Personally interactive furniture can create an interactive world for children and parents in a limited living space. It is able to promote the emotional exchange between parents and children, create a space conducive to children's physiological and psychological growth. Ultimately, this kind of interactive furniture can promote the physical and mental health of children.


Abstract : We are investigating the use of Raman spectroscopy of tin as an analytical tool for discerning specific allotropic differences in ultra-thin tin films, and discerning differences between the tin and the growth substrates of interest. We have acquired spectra from barium difluoride (BaF2), crystalline silicon dioxide (SiO2), as well as ultra-thin tin semiconductor and tin metallic allotropes, and we are developing a fundamental understanding of the spectra. The research has identified that BaF2 is an excellent passivation layer for two-dimensional tin (stanene) that will enhance the resolution of the Raman spectrum of future tin layers and facilitate the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of stanene.


In his famous 1989 It from Bit essay, John Wheeler contends that the stuff of the physical universe, or it, arises from information or bits, encoded in yes or no answers. Wheeler's question and assumptions are reexamined from a post Aspect experiment perspective. Information is examined and discussed in terms of classical information and quantum entanglement, or non local state sharing. An argument is made that the universe may arise from or together with quantum entanglement but not via classical yes and no information sharing.


Many studies particularly in Africa have found a strong correlation between the availability of transport and the spread of HIV. The mobility provided by land transport is at the heart of economic development but it can also promote the spread of HIV. While HIV rates in Southeast Asia are still much lower than in Africa this region risks repeating the African experience. Consequently the Southeast Asian countries have mandated UN Development Projects Southeast Asia HIV and Development Project to facilitate the development of policies and programs related to population movement and HIV prevention. (authors)


Although most cameras produce JPEG-encoded images ready for viewing, many also offer the ability to save the digitized, but otherwise unprocessed, sensor data in a file so that more sophisticated processing can be applied later. For recent Sony cameras, the raw data is encoded in a format known as ARW (Alpha RaW). Controversially, ARW version 2.0 and later employ lossy compression for 32x1-pixel blocks, combining a non-linear reduction of value range and a form of delta encoding. This compression has been associated with occasionally severe visual artifacts. In this paper, the artifacts observed with real cameras using this compression scheme are characterized and several algorithms for credible repair of those artifacts, including computational texture synthesis, are presented and experimentally eval-


The leakage took place in circumferential weld to the upper flange after the reformer tubes for hydrogen generation in Sinopec Jingling Company being in commission 8900h.Now the comprehensive analysis was done to the causes of penetrating crack caused by furnace tube with flanges welding joints,the basic reason of leakage was found out,and the methods of resolution were presented also.


Tests by the Bureau of Mines' Twin Research Center at Minneapolis, Minn., has shown that drying fine coal in the minus 1/4-in. range with microwave energy is not only feasible but also very efficient. The microwave technique, uses a custom-designed conveyorized microwave oven to dry three coal types: bituminous, subbituminous and lignite. Remarkable drying efficiencies of 97% for Colowyo coal of minus 1/4-in. plus 28 mesh, as well as for Illinois No. 6 coal of minus 28 mesh plus 100 mesh were obtained by the bureau using the pilot-scale continuous drying microwave system.


Purpose

Water-based graphite lubricants have good lubricity in the process of metal forming, especially for hot-rolling seamless pipe. Although the use of water as a working fluid system instead of conventional mineral oil has many advantages for the fuel consumption, post cleaning and a new type of lubricant, the graphite contaminated the machine and workers for its physical properties. From the global environmental protection viewpoint, it is urgent to develop a kind of benign material.

Design/methodology/approach

Magnesium hydroxide which has the average particle size of 10 μm was chosen as a base material without further modification and pretreatments. On the HT-1000 high-temperature tribometer, the influence of temperature and lubricant materials on the friction coefficient was studied. The tribological performance at 900°C provided evidence under high temperature for exploring a new lubricant material.

Findings

Tap water-based brucite lubricant will open a new chapter in the industrial lubrication, effectively avoiding many unfavorable factors caused by graphite lubrication, such as conductivity, pollution and energy loss. Meanwhile, it expanded the application of brucite as flame-retardant agent, catalyst, water treatment agent and so on.

Originality/value

It is a new and environmental lubricant to tap water-based brucite lubricant. And specially, the preparation process of lubricant is simple and economical.


In the paper the conditions of professional formation of the personality, the feature and a preparation problem in higher education institution of future economists are considered, the possibilities of a foreign language in development of professional interests of students, the knowledge formation of a received profession, the professional thinking and necessary professional abilities are shown.


The acronym OTT stands for Over-the-Top. This convenient little term explains the new delivery method of film and TV content over the internet whenever we want, across many different devices, without the need for traditional broadcast. With the growth of technology and the rise of the digital age - OTT platforms - video, audio streaming and viewing applications began as content streaming channels. The immediate objective of this study was to know the motive for viewers shifting from traditional television to OTT platforms. The analysis indicates that the popularity of OTT platforms over traditional television can be attributed to factors such as the ability to revisit content at any time, access to ad-free content, and exclusive pre-release of certain shows. Accordingly, one of the biggest boosts that the OTT platforms achieved was during the pandemic period of COVID-19, where this industry flourished many folds and Disney+Hotstar stands to be the most used OTT. With Abundant Indian and International content OTT plays an essential role in the information revolution and development. In the future OTT platforms with new updates gratifying viewers demand will upraise.


An emphasis on characteristics other than piety is equally evident among spouses. Female coniuges are called carissima 8 times, sanctissima 6, piajpi(ent)issima 6, incomparabilis once. Males are benemerens once, incomparabilis once; a coniux of uncertain sex is pientissimusja.*' Carissimus is not attested at all among male coniuges, despite its frequency among British females and among both sexes in Spain. The sole attested maritus is pientissimus. Among patrons and clients the only adjective used is benemerens (two patroni, one libertus).* There are also two foster-children (alumni), both called carissimus.* Combinations of epithets are comparatively rare in Britain. A father is pientissimus et rarissimus; a sister ispientissima et desideratissima; a wife is sanctissima et.. .. Greater variety may be seen among sons. One is benemerens piissimus, another is patri pientissimus, yet another dulcissimus parentibus. There are no strings of three or more adjectives to compare with those in Spain or Africa. While it was only natural that the deceased should be honoured with laudatory epithets, there are ten examples of epithets describing qualities of the dedicants. Tod compares this practice with the wording of modern obituary notices, where nearly all adjectives refer to the feelings of surviving relatives rather than those of the dead. Of 6 coniuges, 4 describe themselves with plus compounds, while one is karissima and another fida. The father of a dead child (aged 13) is miserandus; another is pientissimus." A son calls himself karissimus, a daughter piissima.* In one instance both the dedicant and the deceased receive superlative epithets: coniux pientissima marito pientissimo.** It is rather surprising to find such a varied selection of endearment terms in Britain, a province of barbaric repute and one in which so much of the epigraphy is military in character. Indeed, quite a few examples come from sites along Hadrian's Wall, thereby providing some information on family life in the canabae. While the sample of epithets appears small in comparison with those in the Spanish provinces (where inscriptions are far more numerous), it is sufficient to allow comparison of similarities and differences in the use of familial epithets. The differences cannot easily be accounted for at present. What is needed is comparable study of the epithets of Gaul and Africa, which would enable us to establish patterns for the Roman West as a whole.


Constructing teaching quality evaluation system meeting the features of higher vocational education and enhancing the teaching management is the key for higher vocational colleges and universalities to improve the teaching quality. The author analyzes problems and the current situation of quality evaluation system on higher vocational teaching; put forwards the problems that should be paid attention to in constructing quality evaluation system of higher vocational teaching.


Fiber flax is of a great economic importance for the national economy of Belarus. Analysis of the world market situation for natural fibers shows that flax farming remains a profitable industry of the modern agriculture and does not depend on the model and level of economic development of the flax seeding country. There is a steady increase in the Republic of Belarus in the volume of linen fabrics consumption, produced from high numbers of linen yarns. A large volume of the Belarusian flax is exported as raw material and semi-finished products to countries processing the Belarusian low-quality products and ensuring the competitiveness of their finished linen products due to the low purchase price in our country. It is possible to obtain high quality flax products and ensure its cost-effective sales by all the levels of flax farming industry in the market conditions in domestic and foreign markets only by taking flax farming to a modern technological level by re-equipment and improvement of production conditions. Currently a new concept has been formed in production and use of natural fibers, including flax. The article shows values and aspects of fiber flax domestic varieties in order to have stable production increase of high quality flax straw and flax fiber. Estimation and aspects for improvement of these values is given by using the latest flax cultivation techniques, allowing to increase fiber flax production without increasing the production areas.


In order to support the simulation of satellite systems,the agent-based modeling for satellite systems is put forward in this paper.At first,concepts about functions and behaviors of systems and agent technologies used in modeling and simulation are introduced,and then,functions and behaviors of the ground part and the space part of satellite systems are analyzed in detail.Based on the properties of satellites,an architecture of satellite systems whose core is the agent – ABSSA is brought out with two important parts,the component-based agent model structure and the model structure of satellite systems.At last,simulation applications and realization strategies of the idea are analysized briefly.


Roadside vegetation classification has recently attracted increasing attention, due to its significance in applications such as vegetation growth management and fire hazard identification. Existing studies primarily focus on learning visible feature based classifiers or invisible feature based thresholds, which often suffer from a generalization problem to new data. This paper proposes an approach that aggregates pixel-level supervised classification and cluster-level texton occurrence within a voting strategy over superpixels for vegetation classification, which takes into account both generic features in the training data and local characteristics in the testing data. Class-specific artificial neural networks are trained to predict class probabilities for all pixels, while a texton based adaptive K-means clustering process is introduced to group pixels into clusters and obtain texton occurrence. The pixel-level class probabilities and cluster-level texton occurrence are further integrated in superpixel-level voting to assign each superpixel to a class category. The proposed approach outperforms previous approaches on a roadside image dataset collected by the Department of Transport and Main Roads, Queensland, Australia, and achieves state-of-the-art performance using low-resolution images from the Croatia roadside grass dataset.


Dynamic spin-and-gradient-echo echoplanar imaging (SAGE-EPI) can be used to compute novel quantitative maps derived from contrast leakage effects, which are thought to reflect tissue characteristics, while acquiring perfusion imaging. In this study, we explored leakage effect metrics and their biological correlates in human gliomas.

 57 patients with histology-proven gliomas were studied (38 enhancing, 19 non-enhancing). The following quantitative leakage effect maps were computed: ΔR2,ss* (reflecting T2*-leakage effects, dependent on cytoarchitecture), ΔR1,ss (reflecting T1-leakage effects, dependent on blood-brain barrier permeability), and the transverse relaxivity at tracer equilibrium (TRATE, reflecting the balance between ΔR2,ss* and ΔR1,ss). In enhancing gliomas, these metrics were compared between patient subgroups (treatment-naïve [TN] vs recurrent [R]) and biological features (IDH status, Ki67 expression). In non-enhancing gliomas, qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed to evaluate the potential usefulness of leakage effects in the absence of gross contrast enhancement.

 In enhancing IDH-wild-type gliomas (IDHwt), previous exposure to treatment determined higher ΔR1,ss (p=0.035) and lower TRATE (p=0.002). In IDH-mutant-gliomas (IDHm), previous treatment determined higher ΔR1,ss (p=0.026). In TN-gliomas, IDHwt status tended to determine higher ΔR1,ss and lower TRATE (p=0.13). ΔR1,ss values were correlated with Ktrans values (TN/R p=0.036/0.0024, r=0.68/0.59). TRATE values above 142 mM-1s-1 were exclusively seen in TN-IDHwt, and in TN-gliomas this cutoff had 89% sensitivity and 80% specificity as a predictor of Ki67>10%. Preliminary analyses on non-enhancing gliomas revealed that a subset of gliomas (n=11) showing a visual tumor-to-

 contrast in leakage effect maps were higher in grade (p=0.049), and all grade 4 gliomas (n=2) displayed pronounced leakage effects.

 s: In enhancing gliomas novel leakage effect metrics computed with dynamic SAGE-EPI may reflect cytoarchitecture and blood-brain barrier disruption. More in detail, TRATE was higher in IDHwt-gliomas and high-Ki67 gliomas, consistently with the hypothesis of TRATE values being proportional to cell volume fraction and cell size. ΔR1,ss was correlated to Ktrans and higher in IDHwt-gliomas and treated gliomas, consistently with the hypothesis of ΔR1,ss being a potential marker of blood-brain barrier disruption. Preliminary results on non-enhancing gliomas suggest that leakage effect metrics are more likely to be visualized in higher grades, and may be insightful in this subset despite the absence of gross contrast-enhancement. Overall, leakage effect metrics may provide insights regarding tissue characteristics with potential applications in differential diagnosis and treatment response assessment.


Variation in 30 attribute characters was analyzed in the Japanese common toad, Bufo japonicus japonicus, from Momoyama, Kyoto, Japan. Extremely small, metamorphosed young quickly changed their morphology until they grew to be ca. 33 mm in SVL. Larger young showed no sexual dimorphism. Sexual maturity caused greater morphological divergence in males than in females, and adult males were distinct from the remaining sex/age groups in many characters, especially in wart characters. It is suggested that extremely small young, larger young, adult males, and adult females should be treated separately in analyses of coded morphological characters for taxonomic purposes.


Excerpt To the editor: In the recent UCLA conference on systemic lupus erythematous in pregnancy, Dr. Barrett (1) stated that the most serious neonatal complication in maternal systemic lupus eryth...


Examining whether human cognitive performance is affected by environmental conditions requires stable performance measures prior to stressor exposure. This study evaluated the stability and reliability of six computer-based cognitive performance tasks. A Microsoft Excel Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) macro program, the Stability and Reliability Analysis System (SRAS), was developed to evaluate performance of the cognitive tests using three approaches for identifying stability: Graphical Analysis, Learning Curve Fitting, and Statistical Analysis. The results of the comparative evaluation indicated that the SRAS macro program was effective in determining differential stability for the various tasks and measures. Across all tasks, the use of a compound graphical analysis approach was better than a single graph method in terms of providing a more reliable estimation of task stability. Learning curves were fit to each performance measure. For most tasks, the best-fit models were power and logarithmic models. The statistical analysis methods provided conservative estimates of task stability.


Study Design. A retrospective cohort study. Objective. To compare the surgical site infection (SSI) rate in patients undergoing spinal instrumentation surgery who received vancomycin suspended in fibrin glue at the surgical site and those who did not. Summary of Background Data. The intrawound application of vancomycin powder for preventing SSI after spinal surgery remains controversial. Vancomycin suspended in fibrin glue is another option for local administration that may be effective. The present study assessed whether vancomycin suspended in fibrin glue could prevent SSI after spinal instrumentation surgery. Materials and Methods. We enrolled patients who underwent posterior spinal instrumentation surgery with or without fusion for degenerative conditions, spinal trauma, or tumor. A multiple logistic regression model with inverse probability of treatment weighting based on propensity score was used to assess the efficacy of vancomycin suspended in fibrin glue and to account for confounding. A secondary multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors associated with SSI. Results. Of the 264 patients enrolled in this study, 134 underwent application of vancomycin suspended in fibrin glue at the surgical site and 130 did not. The incidence of SSI was lower in patients who were treated with vancomycin suspended in fibrin glue (2.2% vs. 8.5%) even after inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustment (adjusted odds ratio: 0.25; 95% CI, 0.0768–0.91; P=0.03). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the treatment with vancomycin suspended in fibrin glue was significantly associated with a lower odds of SSI (odds ratio: 0.2; 95% CI, 0.05–0.85; P=0.03). Conclusions. The administration of vancomycin suspended in fibrin glue was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of SSI in patients undergoing spinal instrumentation surgery.


Although participation in continuing vocational training is often found to be associated with considerable individual benefits, a puzzlingly large number of people still do not take part in training. We argue that in order to solve the puzzle it is important to take selection effects into account when studying the returns to education. It has already been established that training participants and non-participants differ in unobservable charac-teristics and therefore self-select into training or not. We show that even non-participants cannot be treated as a homogeneous group: there are individuals who never take part in training (permanent non-participants) and individuals currently not taking part (occasional non-participants). Using a unique data set of non-participants we sepa-rate and compare those two groups. We find that, if they participated, permanent non-participants would have higher costs than occasional non-participants and the benefits associated with their current jobs would be lower. However, even permanent non-participants would benefit from participation in terms of improved prospects on the la-bor market. The results indicate that permanent non-participants either misperceive fu-ture developments or suffer from an exceptionally high discount rate, which in turn leads in their view to a negative cost-benefit ratio for training.


This paper analyses the subscription in the early Middle Ages. Several persons participate in the validation of a document: grantors, witnesses and scribes. The subscription composition is analysed, specially the sign that closed it. It's a transformation of the Latin word "subscripsi" abbreviation in a complex and elaborated drawing. Generally there are not autographs among the subscribers, being the subscriptions of the grantors and witnesses been made by the same scribes or notaries that wrote the document


In studying the reactions of the coronary arteries, three conditions should, if possible, be fulfilled. First, the method used should enable the coronary flow to be made independent of arterial blood pressure; if this precaution is omitted, spontaneous fluctuations of blood pressure during the experiment cause changes in flow, making the record difficult to interpret, while drugs which elevate or depress the blood pressure cause changes in flow not necessarily due to their actions on the coronary vessels. A second condition is that flow should be recorded continuously, so that transient changes can be observed. Finally, there should be as little disturbance as possible to the experimental animal used. Numerous methods of studying coronary flow have been described in the literature (for a review see Wegria, 1951). We have perfused a branch of a coronary artery and measured the inflow using the perfusion apparatus and flow-meter devised by Dawes, Mott & Vane (1953). Blood from a main artery partially filled a reservoir and was pumped back through a flow-meter into a branch of a coronary artery. In this way the rate of flow did not depend on the arterial blood pressure, and any change in flow that occurred was therefore due to a change in resistance in the coronary system, i.e. a change in the size of the coronary vessels or in the pressure exerted on them by the extravascular tissues of the heart. Although the preparation involved a considerable operation, the chest could be closed during the actual experiment.


Modernization is the process of world history,The human modernization is the core of social modernization.Ideological and Political Education and the modernization are intrinsically linked.Based on modern theories,It is improving the ideological and political education to achieve modernization


Genetic algorithms (GAs) have been successfully employed in a number of applied electromagnetism problems. They constitute attractive and intriguing optimization tools because of their efficiency, versatility and strength. In particular, their operation strategy is noticeably for its capability to identify solutions in complex multi-dimension spaces. This paper, at first, gives an admittedly incomplete review of GA applications taken by literature. Moreover, a home made genetic algorithm, optimized with reference to suitable selection, cross-over, mutation and elitism routines for modelling photonic crystal fiber erbium-doped amplifiers is described in detail. This procedure constitutes an actual example highlighting the GA steps to be followed for designing and characterizing optical active waveguides