In recent years, cryogenic treatment has been applied to improve the performance of cutting tools. Improving the performance of cutting tools can improve the surface qualities of workpiece and reduce costs. Nickel-based superalloys are difficult to machine. It is necessary to improve the machinability properties of these hard-to-machine alloys and to increase the product quality. In this study, the effects of cryogenically treated physical vapor deposition-coated tools on the turning performance of nickel-based Hastelloy C22 superalloy were investigated. Deep cryogenic treatment (−145°C) and shallow cryogenic treatment (−80°C) were applied to the physical vapor deposition-coated tools. Experiments were carried out under dry conditions. The cutting parameters selected for the machining were cryogenically treated cutting tools, cutting speed, and feed rate. The deep cryogenic treatment had a favorable influence on the performance of the physical vapor deposition-coated carbide inserts. Thanks to the deep cryogenic treatment applied to the cutting tools, 99.5% and 19.7% improvement in surface roughness and cutting forces were achieved, respectively, compared to the untreated tool. The deep cryogenic treatment contributed more to the wear resistance of the tools than the shallow cryogenic treatment. A slight increase in the hardness and electrical conductivity of the tools was detected thanks to the cryogenic treatment.


Recent studies in the anatomy of the ventricular bands and of the thyro‐arytenoid muscles, and physiologic researches in the mechanics of the larynx have compelled changes in concept of voice formation.These studies have revealed the presence of structures which have been overlooked which impart to the false vocal cords an independent motility and an action antagonistic to that of the thyro‐arytenoid muscles; and which actively alter the conformation of the Sinus Morgagni. These studies stress the hitherto unemphasized importance of the function of the suspensory mechanism of the larynx, and the interrelation of the motor mechanisms of respiration and voice formation.Clinical studies prove that ventricles of the larynx play an important role in the formation of the human voice. Filling of the ventricles by disease processes which do not in any wise impair the motility of the true vocal cords or their freedom to vibrate, nevertheless results in complete or high‐grade aphonia and dysphonia. Similar disorder...


A new evolutionary programming algorithm for multi-objective optimization is proposed. It employs two elitism mechanisms and does not include fitness assignment. The proposed algorithm was applied to the mobile robot path planning with three objectives. The random approach combined with a heuristic method based on domain knowledge were used in the initialization process to motivate convergence, and three evolutionary operators named deletion, repair and smooth were designed to improve the searching efficiency of the algorithm. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can find a set of Pareto optimal solutions efficiently in a single run, from which the decision maker can make a choice


The magnetic properties and magnetoresistance effect of Y1-xGdxMn6Sn6 (x=0-1) compounds have been investigated by magnetization and resistivity measurements in the applied field range (0-5 T). Compounds with x=0.4-1 display ferrimagnetic behaviours in the whole magnetic ordering temperature range, while compounds with x=0-0.2 display a field-induced metamagnetic transition and the threshold fields decrease with increasing Gd content. The compounds with x=0.1-0.2 undergo an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition with increasing temperature. The cell-parameter a and c and cell-volume V of compounds (x=0-1) increase with increasing Gd content. It was found that the saturation magnetization Ms of the compounds (x=0.4-1) decreases, while the ordering points of the compounds (x=0-1) increase with increasing Gd content. A large MR effect was observed in the compound with x=0.2 and the maximum absolute value of MR at 5 K under 3 T is close to 19.3%.


We study the appearance of multiple solutions to certain decompositions of Einstein's constraint equations. Pfeiffer and York recently reported the existence of two branches of solutions for a particular family of background data in the extended conformal thin-sandwich decomposition. We show that the Hamiltonian constraint alone, when expressed in a certain way, admits two branches of solutions with properties very similar to those found by Pfeiffer and York. We construct these two branches analytically for a constant-density star in spherical symmetry, but argue that this behavior is more general. In the case of the Hamiltonian constraint this nonuniqueness is well known to be related to the sign of one particular term, and we argue that the extended conformal thin-sandwich equations contain a similar term that causes the breakdown of uniqueness.


A teaching activity with the topic of "air" has been designed using 5E learning cycle based on the in the Grade 1-9 Curriculum of science and technology area. This action research was carried out to explore the difficulties and strategy solutions that in both teaching material preparation and teaching process in the five stages of learning cycle. The participants are 26 first year grade students in an elementary school in Taichung city. The quantitative evaluation of the learning effect is base on the analysis of scores of post-test and delayed-test; the qualitative evaluation is obtained from learning sheet, student interview, class observation record and class live video. The main results of this study include (1) 5E learning is an adequate method in teaching scientific concept to the first grade students in elementary school; (2) group discussion and cooperation can enhance the ability of solving problem in the 5E learning process; (3) through the 5 stages in the learning cycle, researcher can efficiently improve the teaching quality; (4) according to the achievement in summative evaluation, most students already get the basic concept about the topic of "air", there is no significant difference between female students and male students. It is suggested that (1) a properly designed game is a useful method to promote the participation of student in both "Engagement" and Exploration" stages in the learning cycle and could surely encourage student's learning altitude afterward; (2) topic review in the "Elaboration" stage is helpful to last the outcome of teaching.


This paper addresses scaling control problem for multi-agent systems with nonlinear dynamics. The purpose is here to design the scaling control law in three cases distinguished by using different time-varying reference variables (angular velocity, linear velocity and radius) respectively to form a circular formation whose center is fixed, simultaneously with the requirement that all the desired distances between neighboring agents are equal. We show that three different control problems are possible in such cases: 1) a scaling motion with angular velocity is a constant, but linear velocity is a time-varying reference variable; 2) a scaling motion with linear velocity is a constant, but angular velocity is a time-varying reference variable; 3) a scaling motion tracks a time-varying radius directly. In addition, by comparing the three cases, we discuss the results, and find their advantages and disadvantages. Numerical examples illustrate all results.


ABSTRACT In recent years, the use of social media has dramatically increased among Iranian. However, no measure has yet been validated to examine the nature of social media use and its potential implications in Iran. One of the best measures for assessing social media use is the Social Media Use Integration Scale (SMUIS). The authors advised further research to confirm the measure's psychometrics with various samples and social media other than Facebook. This study aimed to examine the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the Persian SMUIS with a sample of 376 Iranian Instagram users (M age : 31.62, SD: 9.73, 77.4% women). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a modified two-factor model of SMUIS. The SMUIS subscales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and were associated with external correlates (e.g., neglecting work), supporting the convergent validity of SMUIS scores. Overall, our findings indicated that Persian SMUIS enjoys sound psychometric properties.


This essay explores the significance of the 2010 Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear. Our analysis and discussion is grounded in findings from 40 interviews conducted at the rally on October 30, 2010, and in our close analyses of news coverage published between September 2010 and February 2011, online discussions from Comedy Central fan forums, the Rally to Restore Sanity Facebook site, and Twitter. We argue for the importance of understanding "prepoliticization" as a key phase of contemporary politics, particularly within a mediated public sphere such as this one. The Rally offers unique insight into how the convergence of entertainment and politics gives rise to new modes of civic participation, particularly for citizens who do not see themselves as "political."


Unlike previous LANDSAT computer compatible tape (CCT) formats, the standard format of CCT's now includes a comprehensive field location and data description information superstructure composed of four records. The volume descriptor record, the text record, and the file pointer record reside in a volume directory file, which generally describes the data configuration and provides pointers to each data file. The file descriptor record for each data file describes the data structure within the file and provides pointers to certain fields within the file. These superstructure records primarily supply information about the data on the CCT as opposed to carrying the data themselves. The EROS Data Center's LANDSAT CCT version 1.0 product is presented which conforms to the concepts of the standard format as much as is possible with existing EDC systems.


Abstract Background Current guidelines emphasise the importance of physical activity in the treatment of people with COPD. In general the physical activity level of of people with COPD is lower compared to healthy subjects. Evidence of the effectiveness of counselling in helping people with COPD to increase their activity is inconclusive. The promising method of motivational interviewing (MI) increased the activity levels in people with other chronic diseases. Objective The aim of this review was to examine the effect of MI-based counselling on activity levels in people with COPD. Method A systematic review on studies addressing short-term and preferably long-term effects of MI-based counselling on activity levels in people with COPD was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, Cochrane Library, psycINFO and Web of Science. The study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and the TIDieR checklist. Results The review included seven randomised controlled trials (RCT). Two of the three RCT with clinically relevant between-group differences showed also statistically significant effects. Conclusion MI-counselling might have a positive short-term effect on physical activity in people with COPD. However, all studies showed no long-term impact.


A burner for a gas turbine comprises a swirler (12, fig 2) for providing a swirling mix of air and fuel to a combustion chamber 16. Swirler (12) comprises a plurality of vanes (18, fig 3) having a plurality of slots (24) each having an inlet (30) and an outlet (32) and through which air 36 travels. Fuel is supplied to the slots (24) to create the swirling air/fuel mix that is annular 'A' and travels away from the swirler (12) towards the combustion chamber 16. A fuel placement device (38) is arranged to deposit fuel in a region of high shear 'D' that is created by a low pressure region 'B' by the swirler (12). The high shear region 'D' is between the annular swirling air/fuel mix 'A' that is located radially adjacent the low pressure region 'B' and a counter flow 'C' that is inside the annular swirling air/fuel mix 'A' and flows toward the swirler (12) and away from the combustion chamber 16 so that fuel from fuel placement device (38) is subjected to atomisation due to the high shear. Fuel placement device (38) may be a prefilming device partitioning airflow into first 40 and second 42 flows and is curved. Fuel to the slots (24) may be a secondary main gas via holes (52) in one side of the vanes (18) and fuel from the fuel placement device (38) may be liquid via holes (50) located in the device (38) and in every other slot (24).


The invention discloses double-limb mirror movement training equipment. The double-limb mirror movement training equipment comprises a main mechanism, an energy compensating module and a slave mechanism, the main mechanism comprises a main motor, the slave mechanism comprises a slave motor, and the two motors are in serial connection with the energy compensating module. The main mechanism is mounted at the healthy limb joint of a patient while the slave mechanism is mounted at the diseased limb joint of the patient, the main mechanism moves along with the healthy limb joint to generate electric energy, the electric energy is combined with the electric energy of the main mechanism to serve as a power supply, and the loop current is regulated through the energy compensating module. The double-limb mirror movement training equipment is capable of completely exciting the active movement ability of the diseased limb joint when realizing the double-limb mirror movement.


Audio transmission characteristic is one of the main factors of quality evaluation for building intercom system,so it is very important for the audio design of building intercom system hands free terminal device.In this paper,through circuit design and architecture design two sides,the key elements of audio design for building intercom system hands free terminal device are systematically introduced.And it makes sense to the improvement of the speech quality.


"…we found that DA-EPOCH-R is a highly curable strategy in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma that, importantly, removes the need for mediastinal radiation in almost all cases."


Mainly relying on energy import,Japan endeavors to establish an integrated legal mechanism to guarantee the maritime security of energy passage. Based on domestic basic laws and policies on energy and counter-terrorist acts,under the forceful guarantee of the maritime self-defense army and security bureau,Japan's energy security strategy is founded on Japan-US cooperation,seeking for bilateral cooperation. Meanwhile,Japan devotes to establish regional security mechanism for energy passage by unifying regional anti-pirates mechanism and combating maritime terrorism so as to guarantee the security of Japan's energy passage.


Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects 25% of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. Previous psychiatric history and number of intensive care unit admissions increase risk. Patients with PTSD typically suffer from flashbacks, nightmares, irritability, insomnia and hyperarousal. They may present with physical problems like chronic pain or gastrointestinal problems, or psychological problems such as depression or substance misuse. Symptoms are worse over the first month after discharge and fade thereafter, however some patients present late. The primary care PTSD screen (PC-PTSD) is a widely used evidence-based four-item screening tool. A positive result (score of more than 3) warrants further assessment.


The conversion of forested areas into grassland areas raises discussions about the possible changes that this act can induce on the weather, both regional and global. Therefore, tha aim of this study was to analyse the energy balance components in the four periods in 2010, in a pasture area located at the Southwestern Amazonia. The datas were colected by instruments installed in the meteorological tower of LBA Programme and calculated from the eddy covariance method. For the periods wet, wet-dry, dry, the average in W m to LE was 95,4; 84,5; 66,86; 87,9 and to H was 17,5; 23,6; 31,6; 31,4 respectively. 1 Acadêmica do curso de Engenharia Ambiental da Universidade Federal de Rondônia. E-mail de contato: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Acadêmico do curso de Engenharia Ambiental da Universidade Federal de Rondônia. E-mail de contato: firstname.lastname@example.com 3 Acadêmica do curso de Engenharia Ambiental da Universidade Federal de Rondônia. E-mail de contato: firstname.lastname@example.com 4 Mestra em Engenharia Civil, Professora de Engenharia Ambiental do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Mato Grosso. E-mail de contato: email@example.com 5 Mestre em Engenharia Civil, Professor do curso de Engenharia Ambiental da Universidade Federal de Rondônia. E-mail de contato: email@example.com


ABSTRACT Corrosion under disbonded coatings (CUDC) remains a major unsolved issue and a prime risk to underground steel structures such as buried gas pipelines. CUDC could not be effectively mitigated by conventional cathodic protection (CP) or be detected through usual inspection and survey technologies due to CP shielding. This article provides a brief review of recent progresses made through laboratory and field probing of CUDC and its influence factors. Discussions on CUDC processes and mechanisms are made based on results from an extensive laboratory and field-testing program using electrode array-based corrosion probes. It is shown that CUDC is affected not only by well-known factors such as the CP level, but also by coating disbondment geometry and soil conditions especially the seasonal dry-wet changes in soil saturation status. These findings have led to improved understanding of CUDC, and could lead to the development of better CUDC mitigation and control methods.


Two-plasmon-decay (TPD) instability is identified as a potential source of target preheat in direct-drive-implosion experiments on OMEGA. A physical model of electron heating is developed that relies on extended Zakharov simulations to predict the nonlinearly saturated Langmuir wave spectrum. Hot electron generation is estimated via a test-particle approach. It is noted that because of the relatively low areal density of the targets during the time of TPD instability, hot-electron recirculation and reheating are potentially important effects. This is modeled by a particular form of boundary conditions on the test particles. Such boundary conditions might prove useful in other kinetic simulations of particle heating where recirculation is a possibility.


A 48-round block cipher CAST-256 was a participant of the AES competition. There are two published attacks on this cipher. The first allows to break the cipher, consisted of 16 rounds. Another can break 36 rounds but only for some weak keys, in particulary, a 24-round version of CAST-256 can be broken for a 2-30 part of all possible keys. An attack described in this paper allows to break 24 rounds of CAST-256, but this attack works for all the keys and not only for the weak ones. Requirements of the attack are: 224 chosen plaintexts, 229 bytes of memory and 2244 encryptions. This complexity is less than the complexity of a brute-force attack for 256-bit keys. A success probability of the attack is over 90%.


The Solar Aspect System (SAS) of the rotating (15 rpm) RHESSI spacecraft has three subsystems. Each of these measures the position of the limb by sampling the solar chord profile with a linear CCD and a narrow-bandwidth filter at 670 nm. With a plate scale of 1.7 arcsec/pixel, the precision of each of the six simultaneously observed limb positions is observed to be better than 50 mas, using four pixels at each limb. Since the launch of RHESSI early 2002, solar limbs have been measured at about 100 samples/sec. This has provided a database of 7 × 10 single radius measurements at the time of writing. The main function of SAS is to determine the RHESSI pointing relative to Sun center. Using these data we find that we can readily measure the solar oblateness at a magnitude consistent with other recent measurements. We can also see clear signatures of sunspots and faculae near the limb.


The abstract nature of the global network and non-place models of global mobility has for an less conceptual, more concrete to understanding mobility. This alternative approach would theoretical Technology


RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity has been detected in mitochondria from an isolate of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi infected with O. novo-ulmi mitovirus 6 (OnuMV6). The reaction products corresponded to the double-stranded and single-stranded forms of OnuMV6 RNA. Western blot analysis using antibodies raised against a conserved RdRp region has detected a protein of ca. 80 kDa in OnuMV6-infected mitochondria, close to the predicted size of the OnuMV6 RdRp. No RdRp activity or protein was detected in mitochondria from an uninfected O. novo-ulmi isolate. This is the first detection of a virus RdRp in fungal mitochondria and the results are consistent with the use of UGA tryptophan codons in its synthesis.


The evaluation of existing Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is doing by evaluate the performance and design of biological unit. On design planning of WWTP, the biological process unit is the key role to reach the target of pollutant removal efficiency. The optimum design parameter of biological process unit could be attained from the real condition by doing evaluation of existing WWTP as a comparison. The selection of an appropriate existing WWTP is based on the similarity of region characteristic, typical activities of people who use the water and wastewater quality and characteristic, and it match to Tana Tinggi WWTP. Tana Tinggi WWTP has capacity 63.8 L/s that already serve 2785 home connections system or 77% of serving area of Tangerang City. The process and operation units are consist of screening, activated sludge, clarifier and sludge handling system. The evaluation of activated sludge gives the data that BOD loading rate is 0.32 Kg/m3.day, MLSS is 3920 mg/L, F/M ratio is 0.036 kg BOD/kg MLSS.day, hydraulic retention time (HRT) is 6.78 hours and sludge age is 5.16 days. From the evaluation results there are three parameters that can be determine as design criteria and will be apply for design of biological process unit. The parameters are MLSS 3900 mg/L, HRT 6 hours and sludge age 5 days. In otherwise, the F/M ratio doesn't prove the appropriate value and it show that the activated sludge of existing WWTP is leak of nutrition that is necessary for microorganism metabolism.


This research based on the condition of international peace and security that experiencing dynamic and volatile in many parts of the world. A conflict that paid international attention over the past 20 years is the Darfur conflict within the problem of ethnic background. The Darfur conflict has killed at least more than 500,000 people and left more than 750,000 residents to flee to other countries for reasons of security and a better life. Facing the fact that many people who become casualties in this protracted conflict, many international parties are urging the Sudanese government to immediately resolve its internal conflicts and offer help if needed. One of the international organization that assist handling of this conflict is the United Nations (UN). Through the Security Council, the UN established a peacekeeping operation called UNAMID which is a joint mission of peace between the United Nations and the African Union. This peace mission who handle the Darfur conflict to UNAMID managed to achieve a resolution of the conflict in the form of a peace agreement, called the Doha Document for Peace in Darfur in 2011.


This study aims to explore the current status of pharmaceutical industry innovation(PII) research through visual analysis of the journal papers related to PII. We analyzed 405 pieces of literature that were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the period was defined as "all years". Citespace software is used for analysis. By analyzing the basic characteristics of 405 publications, we found that the number of publications peaked in 2020. The clustering results of keywords showed that there were 4 hotspots in PII research: "innovation ability", "innovation system", "innovation efficiency" and "collaborative innovation". From the perspective of the time axis of keywords, the development of PII research has experienced three stages: germination stage, outbreak stage, and stable development stage. Moreover, "biomedicine" had received greater attention recently, indicating that innovative research on biomedicine is the current research hotspot. The findings may help the new researchers to grasp the frontier of PII research.


Presented in this paper are methods and results of the Astrodynamics Research Group of Penn State (ARGoPS) for the 9 Global Trajectory Optimization Competition. The optimization strategy utilized a beam search method to determine the optimal sequence of missions and transfers between debris, including the order in which to visit each group, the timing of each visit throughout the mission window in order to minimize the number of missions, and the total cost per transfer. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was applied to the optimized ordering of debris visits in order to determine the departure date and timeof-flight combination which best minimize the fuel required for each transfer. This method led to a solution that collected all 123 pieces of debris from their Sun-sychronous orbits in 20 total missions.


Current literature shows that very limited research has been done with respect to young school children and their usage of print and electronic media, which implies its timely importance of such research for the policy makers, educators, libraries, education reformists and the young school children of Sri Lanka. This paper discuss a comparative study that was carried out to investigate the knowledge seeking patterns among students are changing from print to electronic media. The survey was conducted among four schools in Sri Lanka, comprised of a total of 400 students ranging from 14 years (grade nine students) to 18 years (grade thirteen students). Our study showed, 66% of grade nine students, 77% of grade ten students, 72% of grade eleven students and 80% of the grade twelve students prefer electronic media over print media. Our study also showed a gender effect on the use of electronic media.


The interaction between light and light-transmitting objects, known as participating media, involves complex physical phenomena such as light absorption and scattering. Media such as clouds, smoke and translucent materials often feature heterogeneous scattering properties. Hence the radiance transmitted by the medium potentially depends on such varying properties on the entire light paths, yielding soft light shafts and opacity variations (Figure 1).


Hybrid renewable energy systems have become a promising alternative for supplying power to remote locations because of the various negative environmental impacts caused by the conventional generating units. The reliability of power supply from such hybrid energy system is of prime concern owing to the stochastic power output from renewable energy sources. Unlike conventional generating units, the reliability aspects of a hybrid energy system are to be treated differently. System reliability depends on various factors such as the wind speed, solar radiation, load demand, wind turbine generator force outage rate (FOR) and hardware status of photovoltaic panels. In this context, a realistic simulation models for the reliability assessment of a remote hybrid energy system with battery storage is presented. The reliability analysis is conducted through Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the loss of load expected (LOLE) reliability index. Finally, the proposed models are tested in a remote case study area.


Ni-P/Co-Ni-P chemical plating cathodes show excellent electrocatalytic activity and corrosion resistance,but have less prolonged potential stability and corrosion resistance.The oxidization resistance of the cathode doped La in its outer layer increased because of special outer electronic structure of rare earth element.Compared with the Ni-P/Co-Ni-P chemical plating cathode,the Ni-P/Co-Ni-P(La) chemical plating composite cathode heat-treated at 120 ℃ or 350 ℃ shows good prolonged potential stability and reverse-current resistance,with a reduction of 60 mV and 10 mV in stable potential in prolonged electrolysis and a reduction of 80 mV and 35 mV in stable potential in reverse-current resistance test respectively.


Objective To assess the accuracy of the Omron HEM 705 CP oscillometric device for the measurement of blood pressure in pregnancy and pre‐eclampsia.


The distribution and activities of carbonic anhydrases(CA) in root,stem,and leaf of several species in Brassica were studied in order to determine the correlations between CA activity with net photosynthetic rate or zinc content.It was showed that CAs were distributed extensively in root,stem,and leaf of Brassica.CA activity was much higher in leaves than that in roots or stems,while enzyme activity in roots was the lowest.Considering different species in Brassica,CA activities in leaves were descending with the range as B.napus L.,B.campestris L.,B.rapa L.,and B.carinata L.The diurnal variation of CA activity in B.napus leaves showed the double-peak curve during whole growth period,which reached its maximum at the bolting stage.It could be concluded that CA activity had positive correlation with net photosynthetic rate and zinc content,respectively.


The Raman spectra were acquired in CdZnTe crystal in both dislocation free zone and dislocation densing region.With the spectra obtained in the dislocation free zone,the phonon peaks A1(Te precipitates),TO1(CdTe-like),TO2(ZnTe-like) are seen.Raman spectra obtained in dislocation densing region are consistent with A1 and TO1 modes,but TO2 peak disappeared.Further photolumince spectrum of CdZnTe crystal in dislocation densing region are investigated by photoluminescence microscopy with temperature from 10 K to 150 K.The results showed that the nonradiative recombination of electron-hole pairs absorb the energy of TO2 phonon,causing the lack of TO2 peak in Raman spectra obtained in dislocation densing region.


Hybrid aircraft are systems capable of flying as either fixed-wing aircraft or rotorcraft, as well as transition between these modes. Nowadays, hybrid aircraft have many potential applications as t...


On the base of the concept of intranet, the merit of intranet is introduced. The meanings of enterprise management system (EMS) is put forward after summarizing the state of the art of intranet at home and abroad. Finally the trend of intranet is given.


In this paper we consider the N-user broadcast erasure channel with public feedback and side information. Before the beginning of transmission, each receiver knows a function of the messages of some of the other receivers. This situation arises naturally in wireless and in particular cognitive networks where a node may overhear transmitted messages destined to other nodes before transmission over a given broadcast channel begins. We provide an upper bound to the capacity region of this system. When the side information is linear, this bound is tight for the case of two-user broadcast channels. The special case where each user knows the whole or nothing of the message of each other node, constitutes a generalization of the index coding problem. For this instance, and when there are no channel errors, we show that the bound reduces to the known Maximum Weighted Acyclic Induced Subgraph bound. We also show how to convert the capacity upper bound to transmission completion rate (broadcast rate) lower bound and provide examples of codes for certain information graphs for which the bound is either achieved of closely approximated.


The crown-ether functionalized 2-(N-acetyl-N-arylaminomethylene)benzo[b]thiophene-3(2H)-ones exhibit photochromic behavior involving photoinitiated Z/E-isomerization around the exocyclic CC bond followed by a fast thermal N → O acetyl migration and syn → anti isomerization of the resulting kinetically stable O-acetyl isomers. The reverse rearrangement is an acid catalyzed reaction. The addition of alkali-earth metal ions to solutions of N-acyl isomers induces negligible changes in their UV/Vis spectra, which can be significantly enhanced after irradiation and conversion to the O-acyl isomers. The compounds obtained may be used as sensitive photodynamic chemosensors with the 'off-on' mechanism for alkali-earth ions (Ca2+, Ba2+). Quantum-chemical calculations using the DFT B3LYP/LanL2DZ method predict greater affinity of these sensors to Ca2+ ions (in the gas phase) and to Ba2+ ions (in acetonitrile). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Introduction Income, education, occupation, social class, sex and race/ethnicity are essential social determinants of health (SDH). Reporting of SDH when testing complex interventions for people with advanced chronic respiratory diseases or how they impact accessibility, engagement and effectiveness within sub-populations is unclear. Aims and methods This scoping review examined reporting of SDH in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), singing for lung health (SLH) and multicomponent palliative care interventions (MPCI). Reporting of SDH was assessed from studies from PubMed and three systematic reviews. Results Eight SLH, 35 MPCI and 351 PR studies were included. Sex was most reported (PR: n=331, 94.3%; SLH: n=6, 75.0%; MPCI: n=31, 88.6%), while social class was only mentioned in one PR study (n=1, 0.3%). 18 PR studies (5.1%), two SLH studies (25.0%) and three MPCI studies (8.6%) reported no SDH. Included studies were predominantly from high-income countries (304 PR studies from 26 countries, six SLH studies from two countries and all the MPCI studies from 12 countries), published from 2000 to 2022 with reporting in PR progressively increasing. Conclusion Reporting of SDH is limited. Consequently, impacts of these social barriers on engagement in clinical trials or whether the complex interventions are effective universally or within certain sub-populations is unclear. Tweetable abstract This scoping review suggests that there is limited reporting of social determinants of health, pulmonary rehabilitation, singing for lung health and multicomponent palliative care interventions for people with advanced chronic respiratory conditions. https://bit.ly/46udRVH


We propose a scheme whereby we optimized the driven pulses applied on qubits to realize fast and robust population of quantum state transfer and entanglement generation between four superconducting flux qubits based on adiabatic passage. The quantum state was transferred from one qubit to another directly with high fidelity through applying an inverted set of pulses. Moreover, the resident time of the quantum state populated on the qubits could be controlled by adjusting the time delay between the driven pulses during the transfer process. Analysis of the dynamics demonstrates that the scheme is insensitive to inhomogeneous qubit–resonator coupling, and even for large detuning regimes of the qubit–resonator interaction, high-fidelity quantum state transfer and entanglement generation can be obtained. Our results also show that the effect of decoherence due to resonator decay and qubit relaxation could be negligible with currently existing technology.


Anecdotal reports by veterans of the Persian Gulf War of 1990 have included concern over negative reproductive outcomes, including spontaneous abortions and birth defects. Two previous birth records studies failed to findevidence of an increased risk of defects, but a large population-based study of Gulf War veterans in the United Kingdom did suggest more miscarriages than in a control population. The present health survey examined reproductive outcomes in 15,000 Gulf War veterans and a comparable number of non-Gulf War veterans. The final study group, representing a 70% rate of response to a 16-page health survey, included 11,44] Gulf War veterans and 9476 control subjects. Nearly 30% of survey participants (6043) had index pregnancies. Male Gulf veterans reported more miscarriages and stillbirths than male non-Gulf War veterans, but the difference was statistically significant only for miscarriages. Female Gulf War veterans reported the same effects, but neither was significant. Live-born infants of male Gulf War veterans reportedly had likely birth defects nearly twice as often as control infants (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-2.74), Female Gulf War veterans were nearly 3-fold likelier than control subjects to have a child with a likely birth defect (adjusted OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.47-5.99). Adjusted ORs for moderate to severe birth defects were 1.78 for males and 2.80 for females. A small excess of chromosomal defects was reported by Gulf War veterans. This large-scale population-based survey suggests that both male and female Gulf War veterans report significantly higher rates of birth defects in their live-born infants than do military control subjects. In addition, male Gulf War veterans reported significantly more miscarriages.


Abstract : This monograph examines a theoretical aviation formation to determine if it offers the operational commander advantages over the heavy corps in maneuver. The aviation formation consists of three attack helicopter brigades, one air assault brigade, and one general support brigade. The study uses a scenario that requires the organizations to move 300 kilometers and deploy into combat against a three tank division Operational Maneuver Group. A comparison is made to the time required to move the heavy corps to the time required to move the aviation formation. Additionally, the aviation formation is evaluated in its ability to inflict sufficient damage on the Operational Maneuver Group to force it to halt. Conclusions of the study indicate that the aviation formation offers the operational commander advantages in movement over the heavy corps. The study also indicates that the aviation formation has potential to halt the OMG.


The article raises the question of the interaction of ancient Russian scribes and individual samples of the epistolary genre. A connection is established between the message of Fedor Karpov to Metropolitan Daniil and the scribe "The beginning of the messages...", created, like the mentioned message, in the 16th century. Both the message and the scribe actualize the intention of business writing, teaching message and secular friendly writing. The first introduces a respectful and complementary tone (the addressee is lower than the addressee), the second — the educational one (the addressee is higher than the addressee), the third is actually friendly (they are "equal"). This allows Fedor Karpov to flexibly conduct an epistolary conversation with the correspondent: to attract him to himself, to inspire confidence, then, already having this trust, contrast his point of view with his own and present it as authoritative, finally, boldly affirm the "equivalence" of both points of view. This is a completely secular, humanistic position inherent to Fedor Karpov, a secular man, a diplomat, one of the early Russian Europeans. He begins to speak with Metropolitan Daniel in the language familiar to Metropolitan Daniel, in the traditions of ancient Russian epistolary communication: he self-abases and exalts his interlocutor, introduces the antithesis "addressee-sinner / addressee-righteous". His correspondent is characterized as was done in the scribbler "The beginning of the messages..." through his high position, wisdom, enlightenment, purity and beauty of the soul, metaphors of flowering, fragrance and light. Myself — by the principle of contrast. Introduces, like the author of the scribe, the traditional medieval motif of sailing and the image of the ship, raises the question of "helmsman". But if in the scribe, which focuses mainly on the epistolary communication of the subordinate with the boss and the establishment of relations, promotion on the career ladder, the boss was given the honorary role of «helmsman», then in the message of Fedor Karpov the aforementioned motive and image are reinterpreted in a secular way. The point is that for monks the path lies to the heavenly harbor and "helmsman" is Christ, while the secular man "swims" in the earthly world and hardly needs a "helmsman", he chooses the path. Supporting his judgments with quotes from the Holy Scriptures (strictly selected and arranged in the text, of course, exactly as the author needs it), Fedor Karpov remains in the Old Russian tradition, approved by the scribe for the epistolary genre. But he is not limited to this tradition. Quotes from ancient literature are adjacent to quotes from the Holy Scriptures in the epistle to Metropolitan Daniel, and the judgment of Aristotle turns out to be much more authentic for Fedor Karpov than, say, the apostle Paul. Thus, from a sphere close to the addressee, the author transfers epistolary communication into his sphere. This secular quotation plan was completely absent from the scribe, but the scribe, offering users, in accordance with the title, only the "beginning" of the messages, provided great opportunities for experimentation. Fedor Karpov, to whom the European individual beginning was so dear, could not help but use them. Based on the scribe, he created, on the one hand, a modern, flawlessly "correct" letter written "according to the rules of rhetoric", as befits an educated person, and on the other hand, a letter that is very independent, very personal, reflecting his personality. However, there is a likelihood of feedback: perhaps the scribe did not form the basis of the creative experiment of Fedor Karpov, but the epistolary text of Karpov formed the basis of the scribe.


parent and child, while others are more remotely allied, such as breach of the marriage promise, alienation of affection, insanity, and drunkenness. Even within so accepted a bracket as parent and child are included, for example, the illegitimate child and the concubine, not suggestive to many minds of the family. As it is impossible to give even a cursory statement regarding each and every topic under family law in an article of this length, the attempt, then, will be to indicate a few steps that may be leading in fumbling fashion to various none too well visualized goals.


Given graphs H1,…, Hk, let f(H1,…, Hk) be the minimum order of a graph G such that for each i, the induced copies of Hi in G cover V(G). We prove constructively that f(H1, H2) ≤ 2(n(H1) + n(H2) - 2); equality holds when H1 =  $\overline{H}$2 = Kn. We prove that f(H1, $\overline{K}$n) = n + 2√δ(H1)n + O(1) as n → ∞. We also determine f(K1, m -1, $\overline{K}$n) exactly. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 34: 180–190, 2000


High-power microwave radiation of 9.5–13.4 GHz was generated in a plasma-loaded backward-wave oscillator employing a relativistic electron beam of 400–500 keV and 1–3 kA. This experiment was to re-examine and confirm the previous works that had been done in other various institutions. The relativistic electron beam, which was produced from a helium gas-loaded foil-less diode, was injected into the helium gas-loaded rippled-wall waveguide of the backward-wave oscillator, generating a plasma in the waveguide and then the high-power microwave radiation. A sharp increase in the output microwave power has been observed in a narrow range of the helium gas pressure, and two dips in the microwave emission have also been found in a certain range of the axial magnetic field. Additionally, at certain values of the helium gas pressure and guide magnetic field, the total microwave emission of the plasma-loaded backward-wave oscillator was found to be seven times as large as that of the vacuum case. The highest interac...


113 Copyright is held by the authors. Articles in R&A are made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license. Morphological anomalies are well known in amphibians (e.g., Laurentino et al. 2016; Henle and Dubois 2017) and reptiles (e.g., Cordero-Rivera et al. 2008). Anomalies in amphibians can have multiple causes, including sublethal injuries caused by predators (Bowerman et al. 2010), pollution (Henle and Dubois 2017), habitat quality (Soto-Rojas et al. 2017), UV radiation (Ankley et al. 2002), or parasitism (Johnson and Lunde 2005). On 15 December 2019, we encountered a female Palmate Newt (Lissotriton helveticus) on the edge of a road in A Illa de Arousa (Pontevedra; UTM 29T NH10) with anophthalmia. The left orbital socket was present but the eye was absent (Fig. 1). On 6 March 2020, we encountered another female Palmate Newt in Xinzo de Limia (Ourense; UTM 29T PG05) that also had a left orbital socket and was missing the eye (Fig. 2). Additional individuals at both sites, including those encountered during subsequent sampling periods, lacked morphological anomalies. In both cases, the presence of the orbital socket seems to indicate that the cause of the anophthalmia was not attributable to a developmental anomaly. However, Brassaloti and Bertoluci (2018) documented bilateral anophthalmia in a Blacksmith Treefrog (Boana faber) in which no optic nerves were present, indicating abnormal development. Nevertheless, we believe that the most likely cause in both instances was a sublethal injury caused by a predator (Bowerman et al. 2010). Anophthalmia is rare in amphibians (Szkudlarek 2020). Laurentino et al. (2016) noted that anophthalmia was the least common deformity in their study of an amphibian community in the Serra da Estrela in Portugal. Vershinin and Berzin (2018) reported a 0.1% percentage of anophthalmia in Northern Smooth Newts (L. vulgaris) in the Urals. The prevalence of anophthalmia was estimated at 0.036% in one population of Common European Toads (Bufo bufo) (Wolf 1994) and at 0.07% and 0.15% in two populations of Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) (Eaton et al. 2004). In their review, Henle and Dubois (2017) listed 159 cases of anophthalmia in 55 species, of which only eight were urodeles. One possible explanation for the rarity of anophthalmia in salamanders could be their considerable capacity for regeneration; for example, Eguchi et al. (2011) demonstrated that lenses Anophthalmia in Palmate Newts (Lissotriton helveticus) in Galicia (Northwestern Spain)


A sample of Sludge Batch 5 (SB5) was pulled from Tank 40 in order to obtain radionuclide inventory analyses necessary for compliance with the Waste Acceptance Product Specifications (WAPS). This sample was also analyzed for chemical composition including noble metals. Prior to radionuclide inventory analyses, a final sample of the H-canyon Np stream will be added to bound the Np addition anticipated for Tank 40. These analyses along with the WAPS radionuclide analyses will help define the composition of the sludge in Tank 40 that is currently being fed to DWPF as SB5. At the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) the 3-L Tank 40 SB5 sample was transferred from the shipping container into a 4-L high density polyethylene vessel and solids allowed to settle overnight. Supernate was then siphoned off and circulated through the shipping container to complete the transfer of the sample. Following thorough mixing of the 3-L sample, a 239 g sub-sample was removed. This sub-sample was then utilized for all subsequent analytical samples. Eight separate aliquots of the slurry were digested, four with HNO{sub 3}/HCl (aqua regia) in sealed Teflon{reg_sign} vessels and four in Na{sub 2}O{sub 2} (alkali or peroxide fusion) using Zr crucibles. Due to themore » use of Zr crucibles and Na in the peroxide fusions, Na and Zr cannot be determined from this preparation. Additionally, other alkali metals, such as Li and K that may be contaminants in the Na{sub 2}O{sub 2} are not determined from this preparation. Three Analytical Reference Glass-1 (ARG-1) standards were digested along with a blank for each preparation. The ARG-1 glass allows for an assessment of the completeness of each digestion. Each aqua regia digestion and blank was diluted to 1:100 mL with deionized water and submitted to Analytical Development (AD) for inductively coupled plasma--atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES) analysis, inductively coupled plasma--mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis of masses 81-209 and 230-252, and cold vapor atomic absorption (CV-AA) analysis for Hg. Equivalent dilutions of the peroxide fusion digestions and blank were submitted to AD for ICP-AES analysis. Tank 40 SB5 supernate was collected from a mixed slurry sample in the SRNL Shielded Cells and submitted to AD for ICP-AES. Weighted dilutions of slurry were submitted for ion chromatography (IC), total inorganic carbon/total organic carbon (TIC/TOC), and total base analyses. The following conclusions were drawn from the analytical results reported here: (1) The elemental ratios of the major elements for the SB5 WAPS sample, whose major Tank 51 Qualification sample component underwent Al dissolution, are similar to those measured for the SB4 WAPS sample. (2) The elemental composition of this sample and the analyses conducted here are reasonable and consistent with DWPF batch data measurements in light of DWPF pre-sample concentration and SRAT product heel contributions to the DWPF SRAT receipt analyses. (3) Fifty percent of the sulfur in the SB5 WAPS sample is insoluble, and this represents a significantly larger fraction than that observed in previous sludge batches. (4) The noble metal and Ag concentrations predicted from the measured values for the Tank 51 Confirmation sample and Tank 40 SB4 WAPS sample using a two-thirds Tank 51, one-third Tank 40 heel blend ratio used to arrive at the final SB5 composition, agree with the values for the Tank 40 SB5 WAPS sample measured for this report.« less


A standard way to segment medical imaging datasets is by tracing contours around regions of interest in parallel planar slices. Unfortunately, the standard methods for reconstructing three dimensional surfaces from those planar contours tend to be either complicated or not very robust. Furthermore, they fail to consistently mesh abutting structures which share portions of contours. We present a novel, straight-forward algorithm for accurately and automatically reconstructing surfaces from planar contours. Our algorithm is based on scanline rendering and separating surface extraction. By rendering the contours as distinctly colored polygons and reading back each rendered slice into a segmented volume, we reduce the complex problem of building a surface from planar contours to the much simpler problem of extracting separating surfaces from a classified volume. Our scanline surfacing algorithm robustly handles complex surface topologies such as bifurcations, embedded features and abutting surfaces.


Measurements of the S-N transition and M-H curves of a tantalum sample impregnated with hydrogen are reported. Results are in excellent agreement with the theory of the preceding paper and show the effect on superconducting properties of an impure layer near the surface of an otherwise pure and strain-free sample. A profile of the impurity concentration near the surface is derived, as measured by the local value of κ.


Background: Black mould rot of garlic caused by Aspergillus niger, is the most destructive disease in storage as well as in field conditions. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate bio-efficacy of antagonists and culture filtrates of Trichoderma spp., against black mould rot of garlic. Methods: For eco-friendly and effective management of black mold rot of garlic, eight antagonist and culture filtrates of six Trichoderma spp. were selected and screened by dual culture and poisoned food technique. Result: Among all the antagonistic fungus and bacteria, Trichoderma asperellum and its cultural filtrate were found effective.


This development aims to help the students in understanding dance art subject to the material of imitating movement based on space, time, and energy. The resulted product was interactive learning multimedia. The research was conducted by using developmental model which was adapted from developmental model of Borg and Gall. This product was through validation test which was conducted by 2 material experts, 1 media expert, small group test for 7 students and large group for 30 students. The user test was conducted in SMP Negeri (Public Junior High School) 1 Malang. Data collection technique was through Likert Scale. Data from test result that been conducted showed that the product of interactive learning multimedia obtained the percentage 84,2% with feasible qualification/no revision. Keywords: development, learning media, interactive multimedia, dance movement. DOI : 10.7176/ADS/71-02 Publication date :March 31 st 2019


The problem whether there exist conserved quantities in the theory on discrete spacetime is studied. This problem is not obvious in the theory on discrete spacetime, because N oether's theorem is not applicable. The same problem arises even in the classical dynamics on discrete time. Some examples are shown in the classical dynamics with conserved quantities. The equation of motion is interpreted as an iterative map, which does not behave chaotically if there exists a conserved quantity. By suitable discretization the equation obtains a conserved quantity. In conclusion, an example of classical field theory with a conserved quantity is shown on four·dimensional discrete spacetime.


The numbers that come up are the numbers the first player uses to make an array, or arrangement of numbers, on the 100 grid. They can put the array anywhere on the grid, but the goal is to fill up the grid to get it as full as possible. After the player draws the array on the grid, he or she writes in the number sentence that describes the grid. The second player then rolls the dice, draws the number grid and records their number sentence. The game ends when both players have rolled the dice and cannot put any more arrays on the grid. How close to 100 can you get?


At the present time the method of choice for obtaining germfree rats, mice, and rabbits is the hand feeding of sterilized diets to cesarean-born young. Alternative possibilities have not yet proved satisfactory. Complete decontamination of conventional adult animals has not been reported. Crosssuckling cesarean-born young on germfree foster mothers of other species might create problems for the virologist, oncologist, immunologist, or biological purist. A third type of alternative to hand rearing might be found in the work of Rowntree,l who injected thymus extract into rats for 9 generations. By the tenth generation his rats were born with their ears open and their incisors erupted. At 48 hours, they had their eyes open and were able to eat solid food. Rowntree himself found the method difficult to duplicate, and no one has yet tried it for obtaining germfree animals. The hand rearing of germfree mammals was first reported for such species as the guinea pigz and the goat: whose stage of development a t birth is relatively close to that of the weaned animal. The hand rearing of rats and mice, which are much more helpless a t birth, remained an unexplored possibility until much later. Obtaining germfree colonies of these species has therefore required not only pioneering in the germfree phase of the work, but also an original investigation into the entire technique of hand rearing. The hand rearing of rats was first reported by Gustafsson in 1946.4 The first detailed report on the technique involved was published by Reyniers et ul. in Lobund Report No. l5 later in the same year. Gustafsson gave the details of his method in 1948 in "Germfree Rearing of Rats."6 At Lobund Institute the rats were offered, a t hourly intervals, an opportunity to suck autoclaved milk formula from a rubber nipple. In the method of Gustafsson, a thin rubber tube was inserted halfway down the esophagus, and sterilized milk formula, including some predigested casein, was forced inlo the stomach gradually over a period of several minutes. The stomach could thus be well filled and the feeding interval prolonged to 4 to 5 hours. Since the publication of Lobund Report No. 1 a different technique of germfree rat rearing has been tested a t Lobund Institute with more consistently reproducible results than the method originally reported. The new technique involved forced feeding with a short, tapered nipple and the use of a relatively simple milk formula. This new technique then proved successful in weaning, for the first time, Swiss albino and C3H mice. After earlier preliminary experiments, germfree rabbits were successfully hand-reared a t Lobund Institute * The work reported in this paper was supported in part by Contract NONR-1623(04) between the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, Washington, D. C., and the University of Notre Dame.


The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of AlN sputtering with d.c. magnetron sputtering on surface roughness, specific wear and corrosion rate of the AIS I 410 steel. AlN thin film was deposited on AIS I 410 steel substrates using d.c. magnetron sputtering in discharging a mixture of N 2 and Ar gas. The influence of deposition time on the surface roughness, hardness, specific wear for the obtained films was evaluated by means of surfcorder, microhardness testing, and wear testing. The investigations of the electrochemical corrosion behavior of the samples were carried out using EG&G 273 Potentiostat/Galvanostat in three electrodes chamber. As the result, the surface treatments with d.c. magnetron sputtering methods increase hardness, but decrease corrosion rate and specific wear rate. Changes in wear rate and corrosion rate could be related to the surface roughness. I. INTRODUCTION Martensitic stainless steels are widely used in engineering applications where good resistance is a key performance indicator in addition to the corrosion resistance shown by stainless steels. Such applications include turbine blade, tools, bearings and in surgery, for example bone saws for orthopaedic surgery [1-2]. However the performance of these steels is reduced due to simultaneous effect of wear and corrosion mechanisms [2-3]. The martensitic stainless steels grade, in particular AISI 410 is widely used in chemical industry, and in medical instruments as cutting and non cutting instrument [4]. Many attempts have been made in the past few decades to modify the surface and in general improve their tribological properties [5]. Corrosion resistance properties of martensitic stainless steel was lower compared to austenitic and feritic stainless steels [6]. Wear resistance properties of martensitic stainless steel was low, so it was necessary to improve in many efforts to improve the life time [7]. An ideal tool must have a high ductility and a maximum possible resistance to wear in working conditions. Normally such a combination is impossible to obtain. Thus there have been various attempts made to solve, at least partly, the problem by creating layer structures using, among others, methods of thermo chemical treatment, by making composite materials and single layer using CVD and PVD methods [8]. Hard coatings of the metal nitrides increase life of the elements coated by them. Also their abrasion wear is less in contacted with hard materials, and they are more resistant to chemically active environment compared with the uncoated metal materials. Deposition of …


This dissertation examines the political engagement and occupational struggles of South Asian immigrant taxi workers in an American metropolis, and their participation in a taxi workers alliance. Contrary to popular understandings of South Asian immigrants as a model minority --politically passive and economically successful professionals --these South Asian immigrant taxi workers often struggle to make ends meet, and are actively involved in both leadership positions of their workers alliance as well as the rank and file. Further, their political engagements and their creative strategies to survive, maximize income, and achieve upward mobility show how poorer immigrants in non-professional occupations cannot be viewed simplistically as victims of structural exploitation. Using primary data (interviews with stakeholders in the taxicab industry) and secondary data (legislative records, Census data, newspaper archives), this study explores if, how and why immigrant workers chose to participate in this political mobilization. It recognizes three important factors that enabled the successful mobilization of this occupational group. Firstly, immigrant organizers used their social networks and ethnic ties to influence immigrant drivers' decisions to participate in alliance activities; these ties variously enabled and constrained their participation. Secondly, non-profit organizations assisted the fledgling alliance with logistics and strategizing. Thirdly, national unions have been growing more receptive to nontraditional labor organizing, and provided institutional support to taxi worker organizations across cities in the United States. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group South Asia Regional Studies First Advisor Kathleen D. Hall


This case describes the management of a plexiform unicystic ameloblastoma in a child with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome. This was managed conservatively, which has allowed the patient to undergo normal dental development. There are no signs of recurrence 4 years post-operatively and the use of magnetic resonance imaging in monitoring has ensured the patient's exposure to ionising radiation is minimised. The patient's cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome was linked to a BRAF mutation. This gene is involved in cell proliferation and has recently been shown to have a link with mandibular ameloblastomas. As far as the authors are aware, this is the published first case of an ameloblastoma in a patient with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome.


Staff across the Trust have grabbed the chance to find out what the new Electronic Patient Record (EPR) system will look like and how it will work.


Abani Kanta Naik, Abbas Hawwari and Michael S. Krangelol.1402423http://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2014/12/03/jimmunJ Immunol€ published online 3 December 2014MaterialSupplementary3.DCSupplemental.htmlhttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/suppl/2014/12/03/jimmunol.140242Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai.org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:


The article considers the philosophical aspect of defining the immanence and attribution of the concept of "tolerance" to the culture itself. The subject of the research is especially relevant due to the modern processes that are happening in the global world, and the difference in key methodological positions of modern Russian and Western science on this issue today. The purpose of this study is to clarify the philosophical basis of the existing opposition of societies with traditional ethical cultures (Russia, China) and the 'new-type' poly-state European ethnic community. Based on the analysis of current social processes in Russia and Europe using the comparative historical method, modelling methods and model extrapolation in the field of culture studies, social psychology and political science, the article identifies the main approaches to ethnic and social identity, their cultural and ideological components. The authors prove the hypothesis that culture requires designation of its border with another culture, recognition of this border, which distinguishes and confirms cultural semantics. Denial of this fact is a method of ideological manipulation of the ethno-social consciousness of society in the framework of globalisation processes


The main purpose of the sketch is to show the relation of these two artists to digressive poem. Cyprian Norwid although not written in the strict sense digressive poem of this type as Beniowski of Juliusz Slowacki, but in the lectures O Juliuszu Slowackim [ On Juliusz Slowacki ] spoke about this poem and referred to the poetics of the genre. In such works of Norwid as: Wesele [ The Wedding Party ], Szczesna , Epimenides , Quidam , Rzecz o wolności slowa [ On Freedom of Speech ], Assunta, Emil na Gozdawiu [ Emil in Gozdaw ], A Dorio ad Phrygium we find numerous digressions, having different functions arts. Generally it can be said that for Norwid personality so rich and nonstandard digressive course was very useful. The patron of it was not so much parody, autothematicity or irony as the main purpose prevailed artistic creativity, reaching out for the truth.


Barrier coverage of a wireless sensor network aims at detecting intruders crossing the network. It provides a viable alternative for monitoring boundaries of battlefields, country borders, coastal lines, and perimeters of critical infrastructures. Early studies on barrier coverage typically assume that sensors are deployed uniformly at random in a large area. This assumption, while theoretically interesting, may be unrealistic in real applications. We take a more realistic approach in this paper. In particular, we consider that sensors are airdropped from an aircraft along its flying route. We note that wind, geographic terrain, and other factors may cause a sensor to land in a location deviating from its targeted landing point with a random offset. Thus, it is more realistic to assume that sensor nodes are distributed with a normal offset along the deployment line. Through extensive simulations, we study how variance of the normal distribution, the number of deployment lines, and the distance between adjacent lines would affect barrier coverage. We then investigate how a strong barrier can be formed efficiently from airdropped sensors and compare it with barrier coverage using uniformly distributed sensors. Our results show that the barrier coverage, with appropriately chosen deployment parameters, can be significantly improved using normally distributed sensors.


Some authors defend the implementation of regulation mechanisms such as individual transferable quotas, that is, the capacity to assign every fisherman an individual right so that he can fish a certain quantity of a specific species during a concrete period of time, as the most efficient way to reach a greater resource assessment and to guarantee biological sustainability. Nevertheless, much attention has been brought to the fact that, since these rights can be sold, negotiated, exchanged or transferred by the owners, it can bring about a concentration process, which would not favour social equity. In Spain, fishing legislation has been moving progressively towards the implementation of individual transferable fishing rights with regard to industrial fishing in community waters, whereas it has also kept a more traditional access system regarding coastal fishing. Law 3/2002 sanctions this transferability of fishing rights, although it avoids making a statement on Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs). In Europe, after the passing of the Reform of the Common Fishery Policy, the criteria to be developed in mechanisms in fishing management tend to favour ITQs, although no regulation guidelines


Whether to praise or condemn Charlotte Smith's art, the lateeighteenth-century readers of her collection Elegiac Sonnets and Other Poems similarly describe her work as poetry of "touching melancholy," "pleasing melancholy," or even as "a mere flow of melancholy."' First published in 1784 and appearing in nine editions and a second volume over the next sixteen years, Elegiac Sonnets is a collection to which a melancholic mode gives aesthetic consistency.2 While most critics of Elegiac Sonnets acknowledge that Smith's lyric speaker is insistently melancholic, recent studies by Adela Pinch, Judith Pascoe, and Sarah Zimmerman emphasize the theatricality of this poetic persona, leaving unexamined the significance of her sorrows. For these critics, Smith's theatricality emerges in her literary ventriloquism of other writers' voices, in her public dramatization of her private woes, and in her staged appeal to the sympathies of the reader.3 Shifting this discussion of Smith in order to focus on her speaker's melancholia, I suggest here that the sorrow of Smith's poetic persona generates and is generated by the theatricality of the persona's poetic productions. The lyric speaker portrays herself as a poet who seeks to escape her sorrows through poetic creation, but only sporadically achieves a pleasurable literary melancholia. Even when she does so, the speaker emerges from her poetic visions to find her suffering unalleviated. Smith's speaker presents her poetic performances as illusory and fleeting and associates these qualities with the theatricality of sentimental spectatorship as practiced by male literary authorities. The speaker exposes the theatricality of the conventional poetic pro-


For, having demystified the idea Africa as no more than European invention for a geographical space occupied by peoples of diverse cultures, and having exposed race as a scientific fraud, what would be left as the bond that unites the peoples hitherto subsumed under those combined categories? (Owdmoyela, 1994, 81)


Background: The protease BACE2 regulates (cid:1) -cell function by acting on an unknown substrate repertoire. Results: Analysis of the islet (cid:1) -cell sheddome reveals novel BACE2 and BACE1 targets. Conclusion: BACE2 and its homologue BACE1 target a diverse substrate repertoire, but naturally only share a small set of substrates. Significance: The identification of BACE2 and 1 substrates is crucial for understanding pancreatic (cid:1) -cell function. processtocompensateforincreasedinsulindemand.Deficiency a systematic and quantitative proteomic analysis to map the natural substrate repertoire of BACE2 and its homologue BACE1 in (cid:1) -cells. Loss- and gain-of-function studies of in vitro and in vivo models identified specific and functionally heterogeneous targets. Our analysis revealed non-redundant roles of BACE1/2 in ectodomain shedding with BACE1 regulating a broader and BACE2 a more distinct set of (cid:1) -cell-enriched substrates including two proteins of the seizure 6 protein family (SEZ6LandSEZ6L2).Lastly,ourstudyprovidesinsightsintothe global (cid:1) -cell sheddome and secretome, an important prerequi-site to uncover novel mechanisms contributing to (cid:1) -cell home-ostasis and a resource for therapeutic target and biomarker discoveries.


Over the last few years an enormous amount of research has been devoted to restore astronomical images, but not much work has been reported on the use of multichannel techniques to restore such images. In this work, we rst brieey summarize the research carried out on image restoration within the Converging Computing Methodologies network and then concentrate on the multichannel image restoration problem, a eld we believe of interest to the astronomical community. The Bayesian paradigm to restore multichannel astronomical images is described and multichannel image restoration methods are adapted to the Poisson noise degradation model. The methods are compared on real multichannel astronomical images.


Stellar and galactic systems are objects in dynamical equilibrium that are composed of ordinary baryonic matter hypothetically embedded in extended dominant dark matter halos. Our aim is to investigate the scaling relations and dissipational features of these objects over a wide range of their properties, taking the dynamical influence of the dark matter component into account. We study the physical properties of these self-gravitating systems using the two-component virial theorem in conjunction with data that embrace a wide range of astrophysical systems. We find that the scaling relations defined by the properties of these objects admit a dark-to-luminous density ratio parameter as a natural requirement in this framework. We also probe dissipational effects on the fundamental surface defined by the two-component virial theorem and discuss their relations with respect to the region devoid of objects in the data distribution. Our results indicate complementary contributions of dissipation and dark matter to the orign of scaling relations in astrophysical systems.


Control of communicable diseases is one of the core components in health protection practice. This chapter describes key concepts and principles related to communicable diseases and their management. According to World Health Organization, the number of deaths due to communicable diseases reduced from 12.1 million in 2000 to 9.5 million in 2012. However, malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and neglected tropical diseases remain the major health challenges for the global community. Moreover, new emergent and re-emerging diseases constantly present new health risks. For the coming decades, globalization, changing behavioural patterns, lifestyle, and technological outcomes will pose major challenge to communicable disease control and management. The increasingly urbanized lifestyle and high-density-based living will also render most city-based communities vulnerable to living environmental pressure and communicable disease risks. Effectiveness and success in future communicable disease control rely on global coordination and cooperation.


Variation in challenge‐induced adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) release over the oestrous cycle occurs in response to fluctuations in circulating concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone. However, how these ovarian steroids interact to regulate the principal ACTH cosecretagogues, corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin is not understood. Here, we measured median eminence CRH and vasopressin content in intact cycling female rats, and in ovariectomized (OVX) females steroid‐replaced in a manner that approximates the relative release patterns of oestrogen and progesterone seen over the oestrous cycle. Intact cycling females showed significantly higher median eminence CRH and vasopressin concentrations during proestrous and oestrous compared to the diestrous phase. In OVX rats, a single 10 µg injection of oestrogen failed to mimic this increase in median eminence CRH and vasopressin. However, this dose significantly elevated CRH and vasopressin content in OVX rats previously exposed to diestrous concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone. Moreover, oestrogen priming enhanced restraint‐induced depletion of CRH and vasopressin from the median eminence, but only against a background of low oestrogen and progesterone replacement. Oestrogen‐induced elevations in median eminence vasopressin (but not CRH) content were reduced by peripheral administration of the α1 adrenoreceptor antagonist prazosin. Finally, plasma ACTH concentrations following central injection of the α1 receptor agonist, phenylephrine, were significantly higher in rats during proestrous compared to diestrous. These results indicate that the stimulatory effect of oestrogen on both the expression and stress‐induced release of ACTH cosecretagogues is exerted only against a background of low oestrogen and progesterone levels, and is mediated, in part, via the α1 adrenoreceptor.


The thermal volatilization analysis (TVA) and subambient thermal volatilization analysis (SATVA) techniques are described. In addition to rate profiling of the volatile product flux of thermal degradation under high-vacuum conditions through measurement of pressure in the vacuum line as a function of sample temperature, the TVA technique is shown to afford a convenient method for an isolation, on the basis of volatility under high-vacuum conditions, of product fractions of thermal degradation for subsequent spectroscopic analysis. The capacity and flexibility of TVA as a platform for these analyses are illustrated in a case study format by degrading poly(bisphenol A, 2-hydroxy propylether). The overall degradation process is quantified, and most significant pathways of thermolysis are identified through subsequent spectroscopic analysis of products of decomposition. The design and construction of a modified vacuum-tight long-path gas IR cell, as an interface allowing for the application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for the on-line analysis of volatile products of polymer degradation, is detailed. Proof of concept and application of this new analytical technique, subsequently referred to as TVA/FT-IR, is illustrated through the examination of appropriate aspects of the thermal degradation of polymethyl methacrylate polymers.


The formulation of the problem - the design of main streets is problematic because their construction and reconstruction is carried out by separate objects, often without taking into account the overall composition of the street, without the need to organize orientation when moving in transport or create an aesthetic sequence.
Publications related to the composition of main and main streets mainly cover the period of their active design as integral objects and are limited to purely theoretical questions regarding visual perception. At the same time, the development of visualization makes it possible to present the scenario of opening the street in real time.
The purpose of this publication is to define and justify the scenario models of the organization of the main street based on the interpretation of art forms unfolding in time, as well as additional methods of specifying the requirements for background and accent buildings of the main streets.
The novelty of the publication lies in the interpretation of the main street as an object of scenario organization, the classification of scenarios based on prototypes, and the specification of requirements for characteristic types of second-order architectural objects - individual buildings and complexes.
Research methods are based on the analysis of the perception of the composition of the street as a whole, and individual parts, which at the same time can be objects of other spaces or "nested" urban structures.
The result of the study is the systematization of second-order architectural objects and the requirements for them related to their role in the composition of the main street.
Methodical approaches and models of architectural objects are revealed, depending on the requirements for their visual perception.
In further research, the author intends to conduct an analysis of the combination in certain spaces of requirements for the perception of traffic and pedestrians, the principles of differentiation of spaces for different conditions of use.


Unquestionably, silicon is the most widely used material for semiconductors and will continue to remain so, but III/V compound semiconductors are gaining increasing importance. Even though GaAs and InP have not been adopted on a broad basis, due to their high cost of production initially, GaAs chips, are nor achieving a price/performance ratio comparable with silicon. For certain applications, GaAs ICs are actually even more economical.


Provided are: a polymer comprising any of structural units represented by general formulae (1) to (3) in the polymer chain thereof, wherein at least a part of the structural unit has been stacked; a complex polymer wherein the aforesaid polymer is coordinated with a transition metal; and a photoreduction catalyst for carbon dioxide, said catalyst comprising the complex polymer. Also provided is a novel catalyst system that enables the synthesis of an organic matter having a C-C bond.


Summary

A comparison of individuals who report alcohol abuse in one or both parents (family history positive: FHP) with those who do not (family history negative: PHN) on a number of metabolic, behavioral, and mood measures before and after alcohol dosing revealed marginally lower cognitive abilities, on average, in the FHP group. Most of the other hypothesized differences between groups (e.g. alcohol metabolism; differential alcohol sensitivity; differential alcohol tolerance; mood) were not found, except in two- and three-way interactions among gender, age, and FH. It seems evident that the search for biological markers of increased risk for future alcohol abuse will need to take account of gender and age, in addition to familial alcohol abuse.


In the fast-changing world, the success of engineering education depends not only on sound engineering knowledge, but also on the ability to apply it in practice from the moment young graduates enter the real industry. In order to be successful in industry, learners need interaction within the real industrial environment from the beginning of their studies. The importance of close links between engineering educational programmes and industry is shown in the example of industry–university collaboration between the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) and General Motors South Africa (GMSA). The local automotive industry and GMSA, in particular, have been supporting the engineering programmes at NMMU for decades. However, with the establishment of a bachelor degree programme in mechatronics in 2005, GMSA decided to play an even more prominent role, as this was the first such degree programme in the Eastern Cape. This initiative has resulted in the establishment of the Chair of Mechatronics, fully sponsored by GMSA. Over the years, this industry–university partnership became an important platform providing a vital link between theory and practice in engineering education. The results of this partnership can be seen in an increased number of graduate and post-graduate students' projects being based on real industrial cases provided by GMSA, reflecting the latest developments and trends in engineering. Working with engineers in solving industrial problems enables students to gain valuable experience in dealing with colleagues, managers and workers. Exposure to the latest technologies strengthens the theory and better prepares graduates for their future careers in industry and commerce. The partnership is also important for GMSA, as it increases its competitiveness and facilitates the company's significant contribution to human capital development, which is very important for the growth of the South African economy and the community at large.


Materials and Methods: A total of 150 dental professionals were selected for the study. Five groups were consisting of 30 general dentist, 30 endodontist, 30 orthodontist, 30 dental assistants, and 30 oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Informed consent was taken. PRWHE was given and subjects were asked to mark a number in each item ranging from 0 to 10 and ranges of dominant hand and wrist were also taken.


Objective To construct the anti -glioma ScFv gene and express it in E. coli with high level. Methods The VH and VL gene were combined with a (Gly4Ser) 3 linker to construct ScFv gene against glioma, and then cloned into the expression vector pET -20b, and expressed in E. coli BL21 DE3. The activities of ScFv were assayed by Western blot and enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA). Results DNA sequencing proved that ScFv gene was cloned correctly into the expression vector. The relative molecular mass of the expressed product was 28 000. The expressed product amounted to 15. 0% of the total bacterial protein, and retained its anti - tumor activities. Conclusion The preparation of anti - glioma ScFv may offer new choices for molecular targeting therapy against glioma.


Let $A$ be a densely defined symmetric operator with equal deficiency indices in a Hilbert space. We introduce the notion of a Weyl function $M(z)$ of $A$ corresponding to an ordinary boundary triplet of the operator $A^*$ and then investigate its basic properties. In particular, a connection with Krein-Langer Q-functions and Krein's type formula for resolvents is discovered. Using this new connection, we show that the resolvent comparability of two proper extensions is equivalent to that of the corresponding boundary operators. Moreover, we show that the number of negative eigenvalues of a self-adjoint extension $A_B=A_B^*$ of a non-negative operator $A$ equals the number of negative eigenvalues of $B-M(0-)$, where $B$ is the boundary operator of $A_B$ and $M(0-)$ is the left limit of the Weyl function at zero.
Also, we introduce the class of almost solvable extensions of $A$. A characteristic function (in the sense of A. V. Shtraus) of an almost solvable extension is expressed by means of the Weyl function and the corresponding boundary operator. Analytic properties of characteristic functions are completely characterized.
The main results are applied to ordinary differential operators, Sturm-Liouville operators with unbounded operator potentials, Shr\"odinger operators and Laplacians on domains with a non-smooth boundary.
These results were substantially elaborated and published later in the following papers:
1. V.A. Derkach and M.M. Malamud, Generalized resolvents and the boundary value problems for Hermitian operators with gaps, J. Funct. Anal. 95 (1991), 1-95.
2. --- Characteristic functions of almost solvable extensions of a Hermitian operators, Ukr. Mat. Zh. 44 (1992), 435-459.
3. --- The extension theory of Hermitian operators and the moment problem, J. Math. Sci. 73 (1995), 141-242.


Almost 20 years ago, we both finished Ob/Gyn residency training programs and joined obstetrics and gynecology practices in the northeastern part of the United States. We each remember our in-hospital days–Thursday and Friday, because they always began by starting several inductions on the labor floor and then performing 1 or 2 scheduled cesarean deliveries.

Scheduling deliveries was the norm in those days. Patients would eagerly take out their brand new Palm Pilots to pick a date for their induction or cesarean. Once a patient had reached "term," defined as 37 weeks gestation, everyone agreed that it was fair game to start planning for delivery.

The high rate of planned delivery represented a perfect storm in which patients' and providers' interests aligned precisely. What patient didn't want to schedule her induction or cesarean by the light of a day and avoid a mad dash to the hospital? Wouldn't it be nice to be able to tell your boss exactly when your maternity leave would start and be sure that Grandma was in town to watch your other kids? And planning was a win–win for providers as well, because it allowed you to personally deliver your patients. Once a woman had reached 37 weeks, delivery was often scheduled on your hospital day and …

Address correspondence to Siobhan M. Dolan, MD, MPH, Montefiore Medical Center, 1695 Eastchester Rd, Suite 301, Bronx, NY 10461. E-mail: siobhanmdolan{at}yahoo.com


The presence of a facemask leak significantly reduces the effectiveness of pre‐oxygenation and increases the risk of post‐induction hypoxia. We randomly assigned 24 healthy volunteers to a six‐period crossover trial with and without a simulated facemask leak. Pre‐oxygenation was performed using a standard anaesthesia machine circuit supplemented either by nasal prong oxygen or by anaesthesia machine flush oxygen. Each intervention was completed with both 3‐min tidal breathing and 8 deep breath techniques: end‐tidal oxygen fraction was used as the measure of pre‐oxygenation effectiveness. The presence of a stimulated mask leak significantly reduced the effectiveness of pre‐oxygenation regardless of the breathing method used. With a simulated facemask leak introduced, the mean (SD) end‐tidal oxygen fraction with the 3‐min tidal breath technique was 74.7 (9.3)% compared with 57.5 (6.2%) for the 8 deep breath technique with 3‐min tidal breathing and a leak. End‐tidal oxygen fractions increased by 11.0% (95% CI 7.8–14.3%) (p < 0.0001) with the addition of nasal prong oxygenation and 16.8% (13.6–20.0%) (p < 0.0001) with machine oxygen flush compared with standard pre‐oxygenation. When a leak is present, 3‐min tidal breathing with either nasal prong or anaesthesia machine flush oxygenation is an effective pre‐oxygenation method, and preferable to the 8 deep breath method.


Dear Editors, First of all, I would like to congratulate you on the success of the newly introduced Clinical Commentaries. While it had been a Journal aim for some considerable number of years, back to when Monica Lanyado and I were the editors, it had not actually been achieved, and it is very pleasing to be able to read such excellent material, with the appended commentaries, in what is hopefully now a regular feature. The Commentary in the last Journal [31(2): 239 – 53] was to me of particular interest, and I found each clinician's careful suggestions on reading the sensitive work done by a therapist clearly under some pressure to provide a total package, which as they point out, is indeed a tall order, to be illuminating and in many ways complementary. Pamela Bartram pointed up the difficulty parents may already have faced with 'serial assessments', and the importance of having a professional team working in conjunction rather than serially. This issue about resources and their particular uses, as she so rightly says, then leads the therapist to offer even more of herself – though in this situation it is indeed hard to know what else she might have done that would have felt helpful to the mother. Caroline Essenhigh takes on the debate and talks of the inevitable levels of uncertainty, and the tension created in trying to address both child's and parents' needs, what she calls 'the fine balancing act' with which we are so familiar. Trudy Klauber too takes up the difficulty of the framework in this case, the oscillations which occur in the parents' minds about differential diagnoses, and the resultant transference implications, which must also have a bearing on the reported feelings of mother about father's relative lack of presence in the day to day running of life at home. In a sense, the therapist is having to work too in a 'single-parent' role. Several different suggestions are put forward about working with this case in terms of treatment frameworks. One which is not mentioned and which would I feel be invaluable, is the idea of family work, in this sort of case as a first-choice intervention. In my experience of setting up and running a family consultation centre for 7 years (Edwards and Maltby, 1998) initial work (usually time-limited rather than open-ended, which is in itself often reassuring to a family) with the whole family can be invaluable from a multiplicity of perspectives. It can offer the opportunity for a multi-professional approach, and this in itself can give other professionals something of the flavour of how a child psychotherapist's particular attention to play and its meaning can provide new thoughts both to workers and parents. The therapy 'couple' may well mirror two people who think differently, can put forward different points of view, and model something of how the inevitable internal differences around parenting within the couple situation may be seen not as one JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPY


Examinations were carried out during the period from January 2006 until March 2007 on a total of 449 samples of the cecum of broilers and the cecum and the colon of pigs. These samples included 251 samples originating from broilers and 198 samples of pig cecums and colons. All the listed samples were obtained by scraping the surface of these parts of the digestive system of broilers and pigs. At the site of sampling, the diluted material was sown on a medium (Karmali agar), in order to get individual colonies. After sowing, the bases were placed in anaerobic jars in which microaerophilic conditions were achieved using Campy Pak, BBL bags. On arrival at the laboratory, the jars containing the sown bases were placed in a thermostat, at a temperature of 42oC for 48 hours for the purpose of incubation. Following incubation, the grown colonies were examined macroscopically, and then microscopic preparations were made from them, which were stained with 2% carbol fuchsin after drying and fixation. Those isolates which were in the form of a comma, the letter S, or gull's wings in the microscopic preparations were considered Campylobacter species (Figures 1 and 2). The isolated thermophilic campylobacteria were identified using conventional and commercial biochemical tests API Campy, manufactured by Bio Merieux, France. With the application of these microbiological methods, thermophilic Campylobacter species were isolated from 203 (80.88%) of the 251 samples of broiler cecums. Furthermore, thermophilic campylobacteria were isolated from 153 (77.27%) of the 198 samples from the cecum and colon of pigs taken within these investigations. The obtained results indicate that there is a somewhat greater prevalence of these bacteria among the broilers. However, such a high percentage of both broilers and pigs colonized by thermophilic Campylobacter species could pose a serious problem, in particular when it is known that infections of humans caused by the consumption of insufficiently thermally processed meat of broilers or pigs are not infrequent.


Possible changes in streamflow in response to climate variation are crucial for anthropological and ecological systems. However, estimates of precipitation under future climate scenarios are notoriously uncertain. In this article, rainfall time series are generated by the generalized linear model (GLM) approach in which stochastic time series are generated using alternative climate model output variables and potential evaporation series estimated by a temperature method. These have been input to a conceptual rainfall–runoff model (pd4-2par) to simulate the daily streamflows for six UK catchments for a set of climate scenarios using seven global circulation models (GCMs) and regional circulation models (RCMs). The performance of the combined methodology in reproducing observed streamflows is generally good. Results of future climate scenarios show significant variability between different catchments, and very large variability between different climate models. It is concluded that the GLM methodology is promising, and can readily be extended to support distributed hydrological modelling.


In order to survive,develop,and handle the standardization and patent war launched by developed countries against our enterprises,it is necessary for our national enterprises to apply a patent strategy.After summarizing and reviewing the past documents on enterprise patent strategy at home and abroad,based on systematic thinking,this paper tries to put forward a collaborate strategy,establish and perfect guarantee systems,make the proper patent strategy and make necessary adjustment according to the changing environment.


Properties of the Standard Model Higgs particles are discussed briefly. General features of various extensions of Higgs structure beyond the standard model are summarized. 22 refs.


Objective To investigate the reversal effect and relative mechanism of noscapine( NOS) on the drug resistant of cisplatin( DDP) in nude mice with transplanted human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 / DDP. Methods The animal models with transplanted human ovarian cancer were successfully established in 24 BALB / c nu / nu mice,then the mice were randomly divided into control group,DDP group,NOS group and combined treatment group( NOS + DDP),with 6 mice in each group. The appetite and mental state of the nude mice in different groups were observed. The weight of the nude mice and size of the xenograft tumor were measured and tumor growth curve was drew. The xenograft tumor was made into single cell suspension fluid with nets rub method,and the cell cycle,cell apoptosis rate,the expression levels of XIAP,Caspase-3,Bcl-2and Survivin proteins in tumor tissues were detected by flow cytometry. Results The xenograft tumor size in combined treatment group was significantly smaller than that in the other three groups( P 0. 05). As compared with those in control group and DDP group,the tumor cell apoptosis rate and cell percentage at G2 / M phase in combined treatment group were significantly increased( P 0. 05),however,the expression levels of XIAP,Bcl-2 and Survivin proteins were obviously decreased,but the expression levels of Caspase-3 protein were significantly increased( P 0. 05). Conclusion NOS can increase the sensitivity and reverse the drug resistance of xenograft tumor cells to DDP,and its action mechanism may be correlated with downregulation of expression levels of XIAP,Bcl-2 and Survivin protein,and with upregulation of expression levels of Caspase-3 protein in xenograft tumor tissues of nude mice.


This paper introduces in detail the working principle of Si/SiGe Quantum cascade laser(QCL). Appropriate parameters are used to calculate the hole subband structure of Si/Si1-xGex quantum well using a six-band k center dot p method. The dispersion relation and energy band for different layer thickness and compositions are investigated. Meanwhile, the energy separations between hole subbands in Si/Si1-xGex/Si quantum wells are also analyzed. Finally the calculated results are used for the Si/SiGe QCL design, which will be beneficial to the structure optimization of Si/SiGe QCL.


Near field optics is a new interdisciplinary subject that studies optical phenomena very close to objects. The system level theory and method of constructing system sensor, the principle of related algorithm, modeling method and error analysis are analyzed, and the system configurations based on free form is proposed. In order to improve the resolution of the imaging system and reach the theoretical limit, the multiple system optimization method is promoted from the perspective of theory to engineering.