A thin-film transistor (TFT) has been fabricated at a maximum temperature of 600degC using a reactive ion-beam-deposited polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) film. To improve TFT characteristics, the deposition conditions of polysilicon film have been investigated. It is found that polysilicon film crystallinity can be improved by controlling the energy of ionized species. X-ray diffraction spectra and reflective high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns indicate that (110)-preferred orientation dominates in the film. The deviation of the (110) textured axis becomes very small as ion energy increases. The field effect mobility of TFTs increases as ion energy increases.


The purpose of this narrative study is to explain the role that musicking plays in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic for 11 South African musicians. The research question is: How do the stories of 11 South African musicians explain the role that musicking plays in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic? There have been studies on how music helps in therapeutic and everyday settings, but there has been limited research on the role musicking plays in coping with pandemics. The 11 author-participants in the study have lived through this pandemic, and their stories served as the data. We used a narrative coding scheme to enable co-coding. Our findings are a collaborative interpretation of our analyses and are represented as a fictionalized dialogue. This dialogue revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a range of psychological effects on the participant researchers. Musicking contributed to proactive and reactive coping strategies, including listening to music actively, making music with others virtually and in their homes, finding solidarity through engaging with musical icons, allowing them to connect with others, escape, focus, relax, and find hedonic well-being and hope. Further research will be needed to understand the roles musicking may play in coping with pandemics.


Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is typically worse in the supine versus lateral sleeping position. One potential factor driving this observation is a decrease in lung volume in the supine position which is expected by theory to increase a key OSA pathogenic factor: dynamic ventilatory control instability (i.e. loop gain). We aimed to quantify dynamic loop gain in OSA patients in the lateral and supine positions, and to explore the relationship between change in dynamic loop gain and change in lung volume with position.


Hollow fibers have been produced and evaluated for use as membrane oxygenators in an artificial heart device. Gas permeable capillaries now commercially available are unsuitable for this use because of: (1) low percent open cross-sectional area, (2) large internal diameter, and (3) high cost. A number of polymers were initially selected for evaluation because of their reported high gas permeabilities. Those selected include a number of rubbers of various compositions, certain poly-α-olefins and an experimental thermoplastic silicone rubber copolymer. These materials were first evaluated as flat membranes (films) for their gas permeabilities and also for ease of preparation in hollow fiber form. Hollow fibers were prepared from the most promising of those studied, poly-4-methylpentene-1 and the thermoplastic polydimethylsiloxane copolymer. Fibers, ranging in the size from 30 to 300 μ ID, were spun with open cross-sectional areas of 40-65%. Oxygen and carbon dioxide permeabilities measured on these fibers were compared to that of Silastic1 rubber membranes. These permeabilities range from 1/20 that of Silastic rubber for unmodified poly-4-methylpentene-1 to 2/3 for the thermoplastic silicone copolymer. Modification of poly-4-methylpentene-1 has made it possible to increase it's permeability by tenfold, while still maintaining physical properties necessary to spin and fabricate this material.


In this speech, Sir John Gieve, Deputy Governor for financial stability, highlights the return of the credit cycle and how some old lessons have re-emerged in the new credit markets. He notes that as in previous banking cycles, a period of strong growth, low interest rates and rapid increases in asset prices lead to overconfidence and bad lending at the top of the cycle; defaults, deleveraging and retrenchment follow in the downswing. But the way this old story has unfolded through the new credit markets has sprung some unpleasant surprises, including the speed with which losses in just one market in one country - the housing market in the United States - have disrupted wider credit markets in all advanced economies. After analysing the events of the past seven months, he concludes that authorities need to consider again how far the regulatory regime for capital and liquidity can be made countercyclical, to create a system which raises requirements as the boom gathers pace in order to dampen the upswing and create additional headroom for losses as the cycle turns - if this is not possible an alternative may be to require larger capital and liquidity buffers across the whole cycle.


The whole civic education should include two aspects of civic virtue education and citizenship education.But the civic education in China just has civic virtue education,in defect of citizenship education for a long time.The phenomena also exist in the vocational high schools.Firstly,this paper explains the keystone of the citizenship education and analyses the problems of the civic education for the students of vocational high schools.Then we put forward the approaches and means of carrying out the citizenship education in the vocational high schools.


The study of Hungarian people's folk beliefs has long been a major field of research in ethnography. Studies focus on rural people's theories of the functioning of the world, mythological figures and people with supernatural powers. In folk culture this worldview and knowledge was passed from generation to generation up until the second half of the 20th century. However, hardly any of these mythological figures have survived in the public mind. This is exactly why research in this topic and a summary of the previous achievements are important, and this study will raise a few typical and important questions.


As the indispensable contents in enterprise financial management,tax planning which gets more and more enterprise attention and concern takes the goal of "complying with tax law under the premise of lowering taxes to the greatest degree and realizing after-tax profit maximization".During the extent permitted by law or non-violated the tax law,enterprises should learn to plan rationally and reduce the tax burden in order to achieve corporate wealth maximization.This paper analyzes the characteristics of enterprise tax planning and explores the four specific application areas of enterprise tax planning in the financing,investment,production operation and distribution of profits.


Study objective — to evaluate etarnecept influence on quality of life of idiopathic juvenile arthritis patients' quality of life. 25 patients with poly- and oligoarthritides aged 8 (6; 11) years. Before etarnecept use quality of life of all patients was significantly lower that that of healthy children judging upon children's own opinion and that of their parents. No longer that after 1 month since the beginning of etarnecept treatment 92% of patients claimed significant increase in their quality of life (according to patients' opinion, total score increase from 53 to 59, from 49 to 60, according to parents (p < 0,001). After 12 months of treatment 68 % of patients had quality of life similar to the one of healthy children. Key words: juvenile idiopathic arthritis, etarnecept, methotrexate, quality of life, efficacy, safety. ( Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii —  Current Pediatrics. — 2011; 10 (6): 26–34.)


A formula is presented for computing the torque transmitted by synchronous radial couplings. The analysis is three-dimensional and the torque formula is expressed in integral form. It is readily programmed and ideal for parametric analysis. It is tested using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). >


1,7-Dibromoheptane was used to alkylate both ketoesters 2 and 4 successively. Hydrolysis and decarboxylation of the resulting intermediate afforded the ethylenic diketone (6). Ozonolysis of the double bond of 6 gave the diketonic aldehyde (8). Alkaline condensation of nitroethane on the aldehydic carbonyl of the latter, followed by hydrogenation using a Pd–Pt catalyst, afforded 3-r-hydroxy-6-c-(10-oxododecyl)-2-c-methylpiperidine [(±)-prosafrinine] (1a) and (±)-3-epiprosafrinine (1b). The structures of 1a, 1b, and some analogues were confirmed by 13C NMR studies.


Proteins phosphorylated at tyrosine residues in the developing rat brain have been identified with a focus on the nerve growth cone and synaptic terminal. Endogenous protein phosphorylation in membranes from a subcellular growth cone fraction of fetal rat brain revealed prominent 55–60 kD phosphotyrosine‐contaning proteins. Proteins of similar size were recognized by phosphotyrosine antibodies in isolated growth cone membranes, indicating that they contained phos photyrosine in vivo. Proteins of 55–60 kD were not highly phosphorylated in synaptosomes from adult brain, suggesting a growth cone‐specific function. Generally, tyrosine phosphorylation was much lower in adult brain than in fetal brain fractions. Although some synaptosomal membrane proteins that contained phosphotyrosine corresponded in size with those in growth cone membranes (92 kD, 41 kD), others were unique to synaptosomal membranes (38 kD and 30 kD).


Vehicle personal property taxes recently existed in 31 states. Using data collected during the phaseout of the tax in Virginia, we analyze the effect of differing tax rates on the personal vehicle count and value data in 134 locales. We find that each increase in the effective property tax of one percentage point leads to a reduction in vehicular capital of over 5 percent. This result implies that the average dollar of tax revenue caused a deadweight loss of about 25 cents. Our results also provide cost and redistribution lessons for policymakers considering the enactment or elimination of a vehicle property tax.


A design of internal model control systems for process with delay using kernel ridge regression(KRR) is proposed,which fully uses the excellent nonlinear estimation performance of KRR based on structural risk minimization principle.Internal model control system is constructed.Closed-system stability and steady error are analyzed for the existence of modeling errors.The simulations show that the proposed control systems have the better control performance than neural networks in training samples with finite size and noises.


Recognizing the importance of sound fiscal policy, the present study analyses the link between fiscal policy and macroeconomic activities for Pakistan's economy for the period 1972 – 2008. The study also examines the effectiveness of fiscal policy under different political regimes. Moreover, this study briefly reviews the government expenditures, tax revenues and sources of financing the budget deficit. After the brief investigation of the structure of Pakistan economy, this study concludes that the effects of budget deficit on macroeconomic activities are different in Pakistan from other lagging economies. The response of current account balance and private consumption to rising budget deficit is also not in accordance with neoclassical views. In case of Pakistan, increase in government expenditures lead to an increase in the level of private consumption. The diverse nature of Pakistan's political regime may have attributed to the dynamics in fiscal policy.


Local content is one of the elements in the Education Unit Level Curriculum Structure. Local content is prepared by taking into account the socio-cultural conditions of the local community. In the Yogyakarta setting, one form of local content is Javanese culture. In Javanese culture, it can be seen a lot of symbolic actions both in traditions (habits), religion (religion), and art (beauty) which can be used as a medium to explore noble values that can be transformed to students. In practice, an integrated and ecological approach is used. The integrative approach is carried out in a way that local content is integrated or carried out together with other subjects. While the ecological approach is intended as learning material for local content directly using the natural environment and local social culture. Examples of the two approaches manifest in the integration of the First Grebeg Mulud celebration as a socio-cultural environment with the subjects of Islamic Cultural History.


Abstract Based on an anonymous on-line questionnaire survey, conducted among 1000 respondents, the authors present their demographic, socio-economic and spatial profile, their attitude to cannabis and the tourist trips they went on (scale, directions, destinations), involving cannabis consumption. Tourist trips of this kind were attractive to quite a large number of young people, mostly inhabiting large Polish cities, who usually had used and continued to use this drug. Trips inspired by cannabis were most often made to the nearby Czech Republic and Netherlands, as well as (less frequently) to Spain.


The effect of grooves number in the feed section and screw length as well as filler nature and content on the productivity of single-screw extruder has been examined. Compositions based on polypropylene with glass fibers, talc and chalk were used for research. It is established that the number of grooves in the feed section and the length of the screw differently affect the productivity of a single screw extruder depending on the nature and content of the filler. This effect is shown to be most significant for polypropylene compositions with mineral powders (talc and chalk).

http://www.astrj.com/pdf-114960-44397?filename=Effect of Nature and.pdf


The influence of the ratio of dimple depth-to-print diameter (λ) on the highly loaded compressor cascade NACA0065-K48 is investigated based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) method. Simulations are conducted with a validated shear-stress transportation (SST) turbulence model coupled with the Gamma-Theta (γ−Reθ) transition model at the inlet Mach number of 0.7. At 5~25% of the axial chord on the suction surface, four rows of dimples are arranged in parallel, and the dimples' spacing is 4 mm. Moreover, there are five kinds of λ, ranging from 0.125 to 0.875, which determine the pressed arc of a spherical dimple. Three flow regimes (diffuser–confuser flow, tornado-like vortex and horseshoe vortex) with the same topological structure are observed in these dimples, which affect the flow and performance of the cascade by changing the energy distribution. The distribution of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) reflects the disturbance of the tornado-like vortex in the inferior arc dimples (λ=0.375) intensely, whereas the disturbance of the horseshoe vortex in superior arc dimples (λ=0.625, 0.875) is relatively weak. Numerical results indicate that the loss of the corner separation can be reduced with a dimples array, which is mainly related to the vertical climbing of the lateral flow that delays the starting point of the corner separation and weakens the mixing process. However, the loss in the wake of the dimpled cascades increases, which is caused by the thickened boundary layer induced by the high turbulent vortices. The dimpled cascade with λ=0.625 can achieve the most significant loss reduction (13.47%), while ensuring the pressurization capacity.


The continuous evolution of LSI design rules has created an increased demand for the use of KrF and ArF phase-shift photomasks (EPSMs). One of the critical issues in the use of those photomasks, especially ArF half-tone photomasks, has been the generation of optical hazes known as (NH4)2SO4. The other critical issue has been a relatively large phase shift of those ArF and KrF photomasks caused by so-called haze-free mask cleaning.. In the present study we used an SPM integrated clean (as a reference) consisting of heated SPM, diluted SC-1 and heated UPW (widely known for rinsing), and a haze-free integrated mask clean consisting of Ozonated-water with a simultaneous 222nm Excimer UV irradiation, diluted SC-1 and heated UPW. We found that both Ozonated-water with a simultaneous 222nm Excimer UV irradiation and the diluted SC-1 (the components of the haze-free integrated clean) caused a sizable phase shift during the mask clean. We also found that the other component of the haze-free integrated clean, the heated UPW developed a relatively large phase shift in those photomasks. We have confirmed that the more we repeat the use of the 172nm Excimer UV light irradiation treatment before the clean, the less (more improved) phase shift has been realized in the haze-free clean. We found that the haze-free integrated clean also developed the CD shifts of the above photomasks and that those CD shifts could be recovered (reduced) drastically by the use of the 172nm Excimer UV light irradiation before the clean.


A core question in linguistics is how expressions are built from functions and their arguments, e.g. verbs and nouns. Generally all of a function's arguments must be pronounced. Certain arguments may remain implicit (i.e., unpronounced), but only as long as they are recoverable from prior discourse. This project investigates how this recovery procedure is similar to that of determining the antecedent of a pronoun, which is likewise a discourse-dependent process. Investigation will proceed along two lines: computational modeling and psycholinguistic experimentation. In the computational modeling component, we will annotate a large-scale corpus of conversational text for pronoun and implicit argument antecedents, leading to distributional analysis of the differences between these two expressions and computational models to capture these differences. In the psycholinguistic component, we will investigate to what extent people's cognitive processes (specifically, attentional focus and memory-sensitive behavior) during comprehension of implicit arguments and pronouns are distinct. One important effect we will investigate is how prior discourse context may bias a comprehender towards the recovery of particular values for a given implicit argument. Both components will target implicit spatial and experiential perspectives (e.g., "delicious" [to whom?]), an understudied area in the linguistic sciences.


Aim:  To establish to what extent somatic causes can be found in children referred to secondary care with recurrent abdominal pain.


Though there have been substantial progress, the current status of parallel computing is still inmature. No single model of parallel computation has yet come to dominate developments in parallel computing in the way that the von Neumann model has dominated sequential computing. The design of parallel programs requires fancy solutions that are not present in sequential programming. There are specific parallel solutions for specific problems, but the ultimate goal is to find a general methodology at least for some classes of problems. We present a general methodology to derive efficient parallel divide and conquer algorithms for distributed memory machines using asynchronous groups of processors. The strategy allows the arbitrary division and coherent reunification of processor subsets, easing the opportunities of the underlying software to divide the network into independent sub networks. This way the impact of the sub network traffic in the rest of the network is minimized and consequently performance predictability is benefited. This methodology is formally defined introducing a computing model we have called One Thread Multiple Processor Model (OTMP). Its expressiveness is exemplified through two divide and conquer programs.


Based on the ecologic settlement planning practice in south subtropical city,with A district planning tenders submitting competition in Guangzhou Jinshazhou new settlement city as example,it was analyzed from spatial layout structure of ecologic settlement,landscape system planning,green area system planning,road traffic system planning and building design.The specific planning method of south subtropical city ecologic settlement was discussed,so as to make ecologic settlement planning method put into effect,therefore realized ecologic settlement sustainable development in south subtropical city.


Politics It is often assumed that political economy involves an integration of politics and economics. It is less often conceded that the very idea of political economy rests on a prior separation of politics and economics. If politics and economics are conceptually fused, political economy cannot be thought to involve a relation between distinguishable activities. Since this point is often confused by talking about politics and economics as "organically linked" or the boundaries between the two as "blurred," we will comment on what this sense of separation means. Distinguishing politics from economics does not mean that they are completely separate, isolated from each other, or indifferent to each other. It does not mean that politics and economics do not influence each other or "occur" within the same concrete structures. For example, allocation of goods and services may take place within market or political structures. And concrete organizations, such as banks, firms, interest groups, and unions, may be political or economic according to the activities in which they are engaged and the analytic categories of the investigator (Maier, 1987). So when we say that economics and politics are separate, we mean only that they are analytically distinct. If economics and politics are distinct, it follows that a book on various theories of political economy must take account of these differences. The challenge is twofold. First, we must identify different conceptions of the economic and political.


Feature extraction and recognition of micromotion targets based on the joint time-frequency (JTF) analysis has received extensive attention in the field of radar imaging and automatic target recognition in recent years. Compressed sensing theory uses the sparsity of the radar signal JTF representation to solve the problems of low resolution and cross terms caused by traditional JTF analysis methods. However, the available methods mostly use high-dimensional non-parametric dictionaries, and when the number of samples of the signal is large, the calculation complexity is relatively high. To solve this problem, this paper constructs a single-window JTF model, which effectively reduces the dimension of non-parametric dictionaries. Then, a weighting term is proposed, which can extract the time-frequency ridges and enhance the weaker components in the JTF distribution. Finally, the Alternating Direction Multiplier Algorithm (ADMM) is used to solve the optimal sparse JTF distribution. The validity of the method has been proved by simulated data.


I In the past few years, a lot of work has been done on simulating Boolean Circuits [3] [13] [18] [19] [21]. Most of them start from the inputs and go through all the gates in order to generate the output. Then, a detection method will be utilized for checking the final answer. This paper proposes a new method for simulating Boolean circuits based on primer extension and DNA cleavage. The specialty of this method is that it reverse the direction of the operation. It starts from the output and goes back to the output. The advantage of this method is that it takes advantage of the huge memory of DNA computer to allow the variation of the inputs. The method not only allow simulation of many levels of large Boolean circuits in a single test tube, but also allows many operations to be finished in parallel.


We report the growth and characteristics of high performance self-organized InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers on silicon. The devices exhibit low threshold current (Jth~900 A/cm2), high output power (~150 mW), and large characteristic temperature (T0=244 K)


The visual simulation system is an important part of the electric propulsion simulator.This paper discussed the function demand,system framework designing,system developing tools and key technologies of this kind of visual simulation system in the project "WMS2009 electric propulsion simulator".And some research achievement was introduced.


In modern society,no matter what the central bank which was evolved from some large private commercial banks or directly was set up by sovereign government,they all share these three basic attributes:"the government's banker","the bankers'bank" and "the banker of currency issuance".This also makes most people take it for granted that all central banks are state-owned ones with governmental body nature and characteristics.In fact,that is not the case.The private-owned central bank has been existed since the very beginning of its birth,and the reality of central bank was against our common sense and was ignored and misunderstood by domestic mainstream of financial law circle.This paper,based on the comparison between state-owned and private-owned central banks which takes respectively the People's Bank of China and the Fed of United States as an example,tries to reveal the nature of the central bank institutions and their functions in order to provide a solid foundation/platform to discuss the issues of central bank more comprehensively and accurately in the future.


The molecular orientation of plastic optical films was examined in this study. The target is to develop a method of predicting retardation and optic axes. In this study, we propose a mechanism for the molecular orientation, and a calculation method for these parameters. The method has two assumptions. One is that the retardation is proportional to the input energy going into the film, the other is that the retardation decreases owing to the successive relaxation effect. The increment vectors of an index ellipsoid and the total index were introduced to describe the molecular orientation behavior. These definitions enable us to relate finite element analysis (FEA) results of film stretching to the assumptions. The uniaxial stretching process is focused to examine the method of predicting the retardation. Although the method can also be used to predict optic axes, this issue will be discussed in a succeeding report. The results had good agreement with the experimental results. The method is potentially useful in predicting the optical properties of films in commercialized stretching processes, for example, the tenter stretching process.


This work presents the capabilities of Miscibility Gap Alloy (MGA) thermal storage material to act as a unified capture, storage and discharge material in a concentrated solar power setting. A range of 1500 – 1100 W of thermal power over 0.4 hours was extracted from a MGA storage block, which was heated directly using concentrated sunlight. This power was extracted over a distance of 200 mm using a 50 ml/s flow of water in a 6 mm OD (4mm ID) stainless steel pipe, with the 4 L MGA storage block initially at an average temperature of 440 °C at the beginning of the discharge phase.


A non linear medium is placed in the focal plane of a 4f set up (fig.1). The Fourier spectrum S(u) induces phase and amplitude changes inside the material [1].


Expression of concern for 'Layer-by-layer aqueous synthesis, characterization and fluorescence properties of type-II CdTe/CdS core/shell quantum dots with near-infrared emission' by Rijun Gui et al., RSC Adv., 2013, 3, 20959–20969. DOI: 1039/C3RA43120G


Simulation with integrated parameter optimization of a given model structure is a well-established technique today. However, with increasing system complexity and flexibility the number of possible structure variants increases. Therefore the potential benefit of automatic model structure optimization becomes significant. During optimization, the introduced framework supports automatic parameter variation in concert with a reconfiguration of model structure. This is achieved by means of a combination of optimization, simulation, and model management methods. Using this approach, simulation is employed to determine the performance of a current CoNtENtS


Researchers with a continuum‐mechanical background typically use a multi‐phasic and multi‐component modelling approach for materials with a saturated porous microstructure. Therefore, the mechanical behaviour is considered in a continuum‐mechanical manner and solved using the finite‐element method (FEM). The developed models need to be complex enough to capture the relevant properties of the considered materials, what often results in expensive simulations with a very large number of degrees of freedom (DOF). The aim of the present contribution is to reduce the computing time of these simulations through model‐reduction methods, while the accuracy of the solution needs to be maintained. Therefore, the method of proper‐orthogonal decomposition (POD) for linear problems and the discrete‐empirical‐interpolation method (DEIM) in combination with the POD method (POD‐DEIM) for nonlinear problems are investigated. Using the POD method, a given data set is approximated with a low‐dimensional subspace. To generate this data set, the vector of unknowns of the FE simulation is stored in a pre‐computation in the full (unreduced) system in each time‐step (so‐called "snapshots" of the system). Dealing with porous‐media problems, the primary variables are the solid displacement, the pore pressure and, depending on the particular problem, other primary variables. Following this, the primary variables have entries with very huge differences in their absolute values. As a result, non‐negligible rounding errors may occur when applying the POD method. To overcome this problems, modifications of the classical POD method need to be performed for such problems. The present contribution discusses this issue and presents results for the reduced simulations of porous media. (© 2015 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Sir: With great interest and no little surprise, I read the letter from Sir Roy Calne published in Transplant International [ l ] that strongly criticizes the phrase "piggy-back technique, described for the first time by Tzakis in 1989", which I used in my article, published earlier in the year in the same journal [ 3 ] . Sir Calne claims paternity for the technique, which he described in an article published in the BMJ in 1968 [2]. I would like to say that I have the greatest respect and admiration €or Sir Calne, whom I consider together with few others to be the true masters of organ transplantation, and it is for this reason that I was particularly surprised. I say "interest" because criticism received from such an authority is always stimulating and well accepted, and "surprise" because of the inopportuneness and severity of the words used. Sir Calne says that "Such ignorance. .. is extraordinary" and "a sad reflection on contemporary scholarship". He expresses little regard for the peer review policy of Transplant International and its reviewers who, he feels, should be "better informed". In the same volume of the journal, there is an article by Mazzaferro et al. on renal splenic shunts after piggy-back liver transplantation [4]. Sir Calne's publication is not listed in the reference list. while that of Tzakis et al. [6] is. Another very recent paper, by Stieber et al. published in Transplantation (which supposedly has better informed reviewers and a better peer review policy), says that "The 'piggy-back' technique for orthotopic liver transplantation (a variation of which was used by Sir Roy Calne in England in 1968) was formally described by Tzakis et al. in 1989" [5] . The reference list of this article does not include the article by Sir Calne either. Thus, I think that my "ignorance", which is "a sad reflection of contemporary scholarship", is shared by others. No doubt, several authors have had the same teachers. If the term "ignorant" is considered in the sense of "a person who does not know", then I must say that Sir Calne is right; I did not read his 1968 article, either when it was published (I was in primary school at the time) or later. While I may be excused for not reading English too well when I was in primary school, this was not the case later. Yet, it is almost impossible to find the article via the normal research system (Medline) because terms such as "piggy-back'' and "preservation of the vena cava" are not used in his article. While I recognize Sir Calne's talent in having performed such complex operations so long ago, the vastness of the literature that exists today is such that it is extremely difficult to keep abreast of new developments. Even with the best will in the world, it is simply not possible to know the entire bibliography of a subject such as liver transplantation from its beginnings up until the present. One is, therefore, obliged to rely on data banks and computers, which are undoubtedly of great use but not sufficiently intelligent to consider articles that are certainly fundamental but not classified according to modern criteria. I believe that criticism of the contents of the study I presented would have been much more constructive and useful than a dispute on the paternity of the technique used. From now on, it will therefore be necessary to acknowledge that the piggy-back technique has two fathers, one legitimate and one adoptive.


This paper proposes a novel adaptive transmission scheme based on the uniform channel decomposition (UCD)-based that enables multiuser MIMO-OFDM gains to be realized while remaining fully compliant with the latest IEEE 802.11ac draft. In particular, the proposed technique takes into account the availability of a finite modulation and coding set and the restrictions concerning the transmission mode selection defined in IEEE 802.11ac. Users are selected using a proportionally fair scheduling algorithm and the UCD is adaptively optimized to allocate a number of per-user subchannels maximizing the system throughput. Simulation results in the context of IEEE 802.11ac confirm the advantage of the UCD approach when compared to the conventional singular value decomposition (SVD)-based approach.


One of the fundamental areas of the computer science is Data Structure. Sorting is a major issue in Data Structure which creates the sequence of the list of items. Though numbers of sorting algorithms are available, it is necessary to select the best sorting algorithm. So sorting problem has attracted a great deal of research as sorting technique is frequently used in a large variety of important applications to arrange the data in ascending or descending order. This paper presents a Double Ended Selection Sort Algorithm which is faster than the selection sort. The new algorithm is analyzed, implemented, tested. The test results are presented and compared with the traditional selection sort.


The book is the third and final part of a philosophy of Christian life. The first part applied a phenomenological approach to the literature of the devout life tradition, focussing on the feeling of being drawn to devotion to God; the second part examined what happens when this feeling is interpreted as a call or vocation. At its heart, this is the call to love that is made explicit in the Christian love-commandment but is shown to be implied every time human beings address each other in speech. A metaphysics of love explores the conditions for the possibility of such a call to love. Taking into account contemporary critiques of metaphysics, Dante's vision of 'the love that moves the sun and other stars' challenges us to account for the mutual entwining of human and cosmic love and of being/God and beings/creatures in love. Conditions for the possibility of love are shown to include language, time, and social forms that mediate between immediate individual existence and society as a whole. Faced with the history of human malevolence, love also supposes the possibility of a new beginning, which Christianity sees in the Incarnation, manifest as forgiveness. Where existential phenomenology sees death as definitive of human existence, Christianity finds life's true measure in love. Thus understood, love reveals the truth of being.


Concerning the disadvantage of traditional face recognition algorithm,such as high dimension of extracted feature,a great deal of computation,a fast face recognition algorithm was proposed.The algorithm integrated the half face recognition scheme,Gabor filter,Gabor features selecting method based on mutual information,and the nearest neighbor method for frontal face recognition.The face images in training set and testing set were divided into the left half and the right half,one half of the face images was chosen by entropy maximum.The features of the face images were extracted by Gabor filter.Then the rank of discriminating capabilities of features can be estimated by evaluating the classification error on intra-set and extra-set based on weak classifier built by single feature.The Gabor features with small errors were selected.And at the same time,the mutual information between the selected features was examined.The nearest neighbor method was used to recognize the frontal face.The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy than the traditional half face recognition algorithm,and is of lower computational complexity than the traditional Gabor filter algorithm.


Introduction:
 Left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and HF are important complications of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The prevalence and prognostic implications of LVSD in patients with STEMI in low/middle-income countries such as India are not well established.

 Methods:
 The present analysis was performed using data from the ongoing
 ,
 prospective NORIN-STEMI registry of patients presenting with STEMI to 2 tertiary care medical centers in New Delhi, India from January to November 2019. LV ejection fraction (EF) was assessed at STEMI presentation using transthoracic echocardiography. Covariate-adjusted logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association of LVSD (mild: EF = 40-50%; moderate/severe: EF<40%; ref: EF>50%) with risk of in-hospital and 30-day mortality.

 Results:
 Among 3,635 patients with STEMI (age: 55[45-62], 33%≤50 years, 16% women), 1,489 (41%) had mild and 1,675 (46%) had moderate/severe LVSD on presentation. Patients with greater LVSD more commonly presented with anterior wall STEMI and had more frequent involvement of the left anterior descending artery as the culprit vessel. Among those with no, mild or moderate/severe LVSD, PCI was performed in 70% and 62% of patients, respectively. Hypertension, prior myocardial infarction, physical inactivity, greater time since symptom onset, and lower literacy levels were each independently associated with higher likelihood of LVSD. In adjusted analysis, LVSD was significantly associated with higher likelihood of in-hospital but not 30-day mortality (
 See Table
 ).

 Conclusion:
 Among patients presenting to tertiary care centers in India with STEMI, LVSD is common, with 87% demonstrating LVEF<50%. LVSD was significantly associated with higher risk of in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Future studies are needed to determine if quality improvement efforts to standardize pathways for primary PCI may lessen occurrence of LVSD.


Range abnormalies are the main problems that affect the quality of range image in a real-time detecting system. Before other steps for the image segmentation as well as the target recognition, the image must be processed by filters to remove the noise. Therefore, any method must be taken to fight against the noise and protect the edge and details of the target. The ultimate goal of algorithms to achieve is to become fast and efficient in the complex image processing, especially in the pretreatment of the range image.


Abstract This paper addresses two main issues. First, what is the focus (or foci) of the naming deficit in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease? Secondly, how is semantic memory degraded by dementia? This paper will attempt to answer these questions by emphasizing connectionist modelling of semantic and neuropsychological processes. It will be argued that the loss of semantic microfeatures leads to the observed pattern of performance on naming and semantic memory tasks in dementia. These microfeatures may not represent linguistically simple lexical concepts or attributes, but are components of semantic representations that are relatively abstract. It is hypothesized that word meanings are equivalent to semantic attractors across these microfeatures. It is a central theme of this paper that connectionist modelling reveals how apparently disparate phenomena may in fact be related.


Heart sounds are generated by the several mechanical movements, such as the heart valve leaflets, the blood flow in vessels etc., that can provide the useful information to understand the cardiovascular system in details. Auscultation (PCG) is a non-invasive, low cost and easily repeatable technique to observe the entire system behavior at a glance. Several works have been investigated to model the sounds from different aspects, including the signal processing, the fluid mechanic and the equivalent electrical analogy. However, all the works gave the limitations. Most of the signal processing literatures that are addressed the heuristic decision-based approach; on the other hand, the fluid mechanic-based works discussed the behavior of overall or particular part of the cardiovascular system. Besides, the acoustic signals from heart can be modeled with the help of behavior through the source generation. In this study, several modeling works of heart sound are inspected and categorized according to the literatures, thereafter the advantages and the limitations are discussed. An overall research direction will be conducted to combine the fluid mechanic, the acoustics and the signal processing in the study.


The aim of this paper is to find distributions that adequately describe returns of the Belgrade Stock Exchange index BELEX15. The sample period covers 1067 trading days from 4 October 2005 to 25 December 2009. The obtained models were considered in estimating Value at Risk ( ) at various confidence levels. Evaluation of model accuracy was based on Kupiec likelihood ratio test.


In this paper we describe the stages needed to achieve an autonomous stable platform with quadrotor architecture. Based on a commercial frame, we first design and integrate the instrumentation. An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), which also has a barometer, is added to the platform and accurately calibrated. The sensor fusion and signal filtering are done based on an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Finally, a proportional-integral controller based on an enhanced Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) algorithm is implemented in the control system, using the mathematical model of the quadrotor. The parameters of this model are obtained from the characterization of the unit, achieving at the end, a stable autonomous platform.


The purpose of this study was to delineate among the usually gathered parameters in an electrocardiographic exercise test the determinants of its positive outcome (ΔST↓≥ 1 mm measured at 80 msec from the J point). The authors studied 832 patients investigated with Bruce's exercise testing and with diagnostic coronary arteriography, all of whom were shown to have significant coronary artery disease (diameter stenosis ≥ 50%). Twenty-five demographic, clinical, electrocardiographic, exercise, and anatomic/hemo dynamic parameters were analyzed. The stepwise forward logistic regression analysis retained seven among them as significant independent predictors: four as positive contributors: (1) three-vessel and/or left main disease (P=0.0000), (2) Gensini's angio graphic score for disease extent (P=0.0025), (3) anginal pain during the test (P=0.0000), and (4) age (P=0.0031) and three as negative contributors: (1) resting heart rate (P=0.0004), (2) history of old myocardial infarction (P=0.0019), and (3) pathological Q waves at the resting ECG (P=0.0018). These findings establish standards that permit the prediction of the positive electro cardiographic exercise outcome in patients with significant coronary disease.


The 'Crop Ontology' database we describe provides a controlled vocabulary for several economically important crops. It facilitates data integration and discovery from global databases and digital literature. This allows researchers to exploit comparative phenotypic and genotypic information of crops to elucidate functional aspects of traits.


A sealed needle catheter insertion device is a needle in the ready position at which the tip 28 is exposed in the catheter assembly 12 and needle cannula 24, the needle guard housing (20) for sealing in the blocking position a and a needle cannula (24) the cannula 24 includes a needle guard housing a needle support needle inserter 14 having (22) which supports the needle cannula 24 for movement in the blocking position in the 20. Movement of the needle guard housing a needle support on the basis of 20, 22 and the needle cannula (24) is achieved by manual operation of the gripping member 40 on the outside of the needle guard housing (20). Separate the proximal end cap 60 on the outside of the needle guard housing 22 and seals the proximal portion 55 of needle guard housing 20, it is attached to the needle support (22). A sealed needle catheter insertion device, catheter assembly, a needle cannula, the needle guard housing, the gripping member, the needle support.


Failure analysis is an important part in power system,but most of the existing wave-recording analysis softwares are implemented with C/S architecture,whose system compatibility is poor and is inconvenient for users to upgrade the software or server maintenance.With the network development,the power system management tends to networking.As a result,an on-line system for retrieval and analysis of wave-recorded data was developed based on B/S architecture and Java applet.The fast retrieval of recorded wave data,dynamic display of waveform and analysis of relevant signal are achieved with it,which provides users with a fault query and management platform that is stable and intuitive.


Eleven high-yielding early rice combinations which had passed variety certification and had large planting area in Jiangxi province in recent years were used to study the yield,yield components,panicle formation character,stem and leaf character,and the dry matter accumulation.Two early rice combinations Luliangyou 996 and Jinyou 463 were selected.The rice plant characteristics of high yield were as follows: the panicle weight was over 3 g with middle tilling ability,the plant height was 90~100 cm,the top node length was about 30 cm,the second node length to top was about 19 cm,the third was about 13 cm;the second leaf length to top was about 38 cm,the third was about 35 cm;the angle of the top leaf to stem was 10~15°,the angle of the second leaf to stem was 17~18°;no premature senility was showed in later period;the dry matter production in filling period was over 15% of the total accumulation.


During the natural gas pipeline transportation process, gas stream pressure is reduced at natural gas regulation stations (GRS). Natural gas pressure reduction is accompanied by energy dissipation which results in irreversible exergy losses in the gas stream. Energy loss depends on the thermodynamic parameters of the natural gas stream on inlet and outlet gas pressure regulation and metering stations. Recovered energy can be used for electricity generation when the pressure regulator is replaced with an expander to drive electric energy generation. To ensure the correct operation of the system, the natural gas stream should be heated, on inlet to expander. This temperature should be higher than the gas stream during choking in the pressure regulator. The purpose of this research was to investigate GRS operational parameters which influence the efficiency of the gas expansion process and to determine selection criteria for a cost-effective application of turboexpanders at selected GRS, instead of pressure regulators. The main novelty presented in this paper shows investigation on discounted payback period (DPP) equation which depends on the annual average natural gas flow rate through the analyzed GRS, average annual level of gas expansion, average annual natural gas purchase price, average annual produced electrical energy sale price and CAPEX.


The work reported in this paper contributes to understanding the effects of ethanol/gasoline ratio on mixture formation and cooling effect which are crucial in the development of EDI+GPI engine. The spray simulations were carried out using a commercial CFD code. The model was verified by comparing the numerical and experimental results of spray shapes in a constant volume chamber and cylinder pressure in an EDI+GPI research engine. The verified model was used to investigate the fuel vaporization and mixture formation of the EDI+GPI research engine. The effect of the ethanol/gasoline ratio on charge cooling has been studied. Compared with GPI only, EDI+GPI demonstrated stronger effect on charge cooling by decreased in-cylinder temperature. However, the cooling effect was limited by the low evaporation rate of the ethanol fuel due to its lower saturation vapour pressure than gasoline's in low temperature conditions. The cooling effect of EDI increased with the increase of ethanol/ gasoline ratio until the ratio reached 58% (by volume). Further increase of ethanol/gasoline ratio did not improve the cooling effect, but left more liquid ethanol droplets in the combustion chamber by the time of spark. This could lead to incomplete combustion and explained the increased CO and HC emissions with the increase of ethanol content as reported in the experiments. The cooling potential and the completeness of ethanol evaporation were two completing factors that determine the final cooling effect of EDI. This implied the existence of ethanol/gasoline ratio 40-50% which can optimize the cooling effect and combustion performance. Introduction Ethanol is a widely used alternative fuel to address the issue of sustainability. Compared with gasoline fuel, ethanol has greater latent heat of vaporization, larger octane number, higher flame propagation speed and smaller stoichiometric air/fuel ratio, as listed in Table 1. However, making the use of renewable fuel effectively and efficiently is still challenging. The potential of a new combustion system, ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI+GPI), has been in development due to its great potential in taking the advantages of ethanol fuel to increase the compression ratio and thermal efficiency [1, 2, 3, 4]. Table 1. Properties of ethanol and gasoline fuels. Numerical Investigation to the Effect of Ethanol/ Gasoline Ratio on Charge Cooling in an EDI+GPI Engine 2014-01-2612 Published 10/13/2014 Yuhan Huang UTS & HUST Guang Hong University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) Ronghua Huang Huazhong Univ. of Sci. and Tech. (HUST) CITATION: Huang, Y., Hong, G., and Huang, R., "Numerical Investigation to the Effect of Ethanol/Gasoline Ratio on Charge Cooling in an EDI+GPI Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2612, 2014, doi:10.4271/2014-01-2612. Copyright © 2014 SAE International Downloaded from SAE International by University of Technology Sydney, Tuesday, October 14, 2014


Objective
To evaluate the value of angiography in differential diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis, misdiagnosed patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed in 378 patients who were early diagnosed as Budd-Chiari syndrome, for all patients had underwent angiography and intraoperative manometry conventionally.

Results
There were 5 cases showed inferior vena cava and hepatic venous lumen patency, but its pressure along with right atrial pressure significantly higher than the normal. During 1 to 24 months follow-up, these 5 patients were finally performed part or all of pericardium dissection due to the different degrees of pericardial calcification. Pathological findings: 4 tuberculous cases and 1 purulent case, they supported for diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis.

Conclusions
It is proposed that conditional units should perform inferior vena cava, hepatic vein and atrioventricular cardiac angiography and manometry for discriminating associated vascular disease.

Key words:
Budd-Chiari syndrome; Angiography; Constrictive pericarditis


Physiological and ultrastructural changes were followed during early germination in isolated wheat embryos exposed to isotonic solutions of NaCl and sorbitol. Both NaCl and sorbitol entered the embryos, and imbibition during the first 4 h was similar. Thereafter, the increase in embryo fresh weight, respiration, and the uptake and incorporation of precursors into proteins and nucleic acids were strongly inhibited by NaCl while sorbitol only slightly reduced these aspects of metabolic reactivation. Electron microscopic observations also showed that the effects induced by NaCl were more severe than those produced by sorbitol. The results are discussed in relation to the previously observed lack of sodium toxicity in wheat embryos germinating within the intact seeds.


The article examines the category of the global social structure and its position in the conceptual and categorical apparatus of modern sociological science. This category is characterized by a certain novelty and needs further theoretical development. The authors note and describe the concepts that form the basis of the society's global social structure research from the perspective of the modern system approach, and consider its significance in the typology of social structures of society. A special place in the article is devoted to the levels of social structures, the study of theoretical concepts that constitute the foundation of methodological representations of the global social structure study. As methodological sources, the article uses works directly related to the concepts of global social structure and metastructure. The authors conduct a sociological analysis of the social system and social structure categories; identify the social structure levels according to the dialectics of individual, special and general cognition. The article discusses the possibilities of applying the main provisions of A. A. Bogdanov's tectology as a method for sociological research of various modern social systems and structures types. The applicability of the globalization sociological apparatus within the framework of the sustainable development concept is considered. The study suggests that the global social structure should be considered in conjunction with new social formations, namely global social strata and institutions. However, but this requires further development of the conceptual and categorical apparatus.


Mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders contribute approximately 10 percent of the global burden of disease. They often run a chronic course, are highly disabling, and are associated with significant premature mortality. Moreover, beyond their health consequences, the impact of these disorders on the social and economic well-being of individuals, families, and societies is enormous. Despite this burden, MNS disorders have been systematically neglected in most of the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with pitifully small contributions to prevention and treatment by governments and development agencies. Systematically compiling the substantial evidence that already exists to address this inequity is the central goal of volume 4 of Disease Control Priorities, third edition (DCP3). The evidence presented in this volume will help to build an evidence-based perspective on which policies and interventions for addressing MNS disorders should be prioritized in resource-constrained settings. The findings of this volume make an emphatic case for a substantially increased investment in the prevention of and care for MNS disorders. We document highly cost-effective strategies for the prevention of some MNS disorders and affordable models of care for the delivery of treatment interventions in routine health care platforms through non-specialist health workers. Such investments make economic sense for two reasons: the interventions we recommend are cost-effective, and the impact of these interventions on social and economic outcomes is immense. The counterfactual situation of not doing enough, which prevails in most populations, is leading to enormous loss of human capital and will hinder the ambition of sustainable development. The evidence in this volume can be translated into practice only with strong political will and commitment from the governments and developmental agencies who now have to make the necessary investments in their scale-up.


Exposure of aqueous glasses containing oxyhaemoglobin to 60Co γ rays at 77 K gave two similar paramagnetic centres whose electron spin resonance (e. s. r.) spectra resembled those of low-spin ferric derivatives. These were shown to be formed in the α and β chains by electron capture. The use of oxygen labelled with 17O showed the presence of two inequivalent oxygen atoms and it is shown that the unpaired electron has considerable spin density on the dioxygen ligand as well as on iron. When warmed above 77 K two new paramagnetic centres were formed, possibly as a result of protonation, before the formation of normal high-spin methaemoglobin, presumably by loss of HO2¯. Oxymyoglobin gave comparable centres.


This paper expounds the significance of the culture activieties of old age that carry out and flourish in library, and introdues the proper measures taken for aged readers,with the developing of aging society.


Reflection due to impedance mismatch at interfaces of different materials is undesired in many THz applications including THz communication, spectroscopy and imaging. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a type of THz photonic crystals exhibiting wide-angle impedance matching property with free space. The reflection as well as the reflection-induced Fabry–Pérot resonances are efficiently suppressed in a relatively broad spectrum. A sample is fabricated using high-resistance silicon and polyethylene terephthalate films. By using THz time domain spectroscopy, we have clearly observed high transmittance and suppression of Fabry–Pérot resonances for a wide range of incident angles (0°–60°) and a relatively broad spectrum (0.26–0.55 THz) in both polarizations. Our work opens a general approach for improvement of transmission and imaging quality in THz spectroscopy.


A chip‐based receptor affinity CE system has been employed to measure the concentrations of bioactive pro‐inflammatory cytokines in biopsy materials obtained from human atopic skin lesions. The device employs a replaceable affinity disk to which recombinant cytokine receptors have been chemically immobilized. Homogenates obtained from micro‐dissected human skin samples were injected into the system where the bioactive cytokines were captured in the receptor affinity port and labeled in situ with a laser dye. The captured cytokines were released and separated by CE, the resolved peaks being detected and measured by laser‐induced fluorescence. When compared with conventional cell‐based bioassays, the affinity receptor chip showed reasonable correlation with r2 values of 0.998 for interferon gamma, 0.994 for IL‐6 and 0.991 for tumor necrosis factor alpha. The complete process including cytokine capture, labeling, and analysis took approximately 12.5 min with intra‐ and inter‐assay CVs below 5.3% and recoveries of 84.9–98.4% at the 100 pg/mL concentration in buffer solutions and 84.5–95% in normal human tissue extract. The system could indicate clear differences between the various clinical stages of atopic dermatitis in human patients and could run 4–6 samples per hour. This system, like previous chip‐based systems designed in our laboratory, holds the potential for being modified to be a portable unit that could be used in clinics and other biomedical screening studies.


Digital Piano is popular in public for its multi-function and intelligence. It has advantages beyond the traditional small class. This thesis describes the features of this piano and how to ultilize its function in teaching.


We perform extensive band structure computation for two-dimensional (2D) periodic arrays of rigid stainless steel cylinders in air, with Bloch vector being perpendicular to the cylinders. For cylinders 2.9 cm in diameter and period of 10 cm (i.e., filling fraction f=0.066) there is no acoustic gap for frequencies below 6.4 kHz. However, the density of states reveals prominent minima at 1.7 and 2.4 kHz. These frequencies do agree with those of the first two attenuation maxima observed in the experiment [Nature 378, 241 (1995)] and are indeed related to diffraction from the [100] and [110] planes. Thus, even with idealization, Sempere's sculpture exhibits pseudogaps—not full gaps. We stress that, for any value of the period, there is no acoustic gap for f⩽30%; magnitude of the gap, for f>30%, is inversely proportional to the period of the system. Moreover, if the filling fraction exceeds 40%, a second gap, higher in frequency, opens up. In addition, we propose the fabrication of a multiperiodic system in ta...


This paper proposes a method to efficiently calculate the spatial field value by using an artificial neural network (ANN) to approximate the complex propagation results inside the obstacle under the framework of the two-way parabolic equation (2W-PE) method. The previous algorithm takes into account the multiple reflections of the radio wave inside the obstacle and this method can calculate these propagation processes under the calculation framework of the 2W-PE by fitting with multiple ANNs, which greatly accelerates the computational speed of spatial field value prediction in the obstacle environment. In addition, due to the complexity of the environment, it is difficult to determine the boundary condition coefficients of obstacles in the calculation, so we apply a non-end-to-end trained ANN. The simulation results show that this method can greatly increase the calculation efficiency.


The aromatic plants have the function of greening,beautifying and perfuming.They are important elements of landscape design.Its highly seasonal landscape changing adds endless mood to urban landscape.In Hengshui City,70 % of early spring aromatic plants are Rosaceae,with peach and Prunus accounting for up to 21 % respectively.Their flowering period mostly concentrates in mid-April,reaching 5-60 days.Most of them have light colors and light incense.Life form plants are mostly deciduous trees and shrubs,60 % and 20 %of the total respectively.Grass flowers account for only 5 %.Investigation shows that there are less aromatic species in early spring flowering plants.We can imitate the landscaping configuration of well-known places,combined with the actual situation,to improve the overall level of Hengshui Landscaping.


The data were collected in the dairy herd improvement program from January 2000 to July 2005. Test data included 825,157 records of first parity and animals with both parents known were included. This study aimed to describe the effect of incomplete lactation records of latest generation to the change in sire's breeding value using Random Regression model (RRM) in genetic evaluation. Estimation of genetic parameter and breeding value for sire used REMLF90 and BLUPF90 program. The phenotypic value on the number of test day records between group TD11, TD8, TD5, TD2 showed no large differences. For all the group heritability of test day milk yield range from 0.30 to 0.36. However TD2 group showed low heritability the least test day recode on the latest generation. The correlation of above 50% between test day and TD11(0.610), TD8(0.616), TD5(0.661) and TD2(0.682) with different records in latest generation. Sire's rank of breeding value varied widely depending on the records on the number of lactation from start to the latest generation. Study showed that change in breeding value ranked if daughter's test recode more so it should have at least 5 test day records. The use of RRM in dairy cattle genetic evaluation would be desirable if complete lactation records for latest generation daughters of young bulls when selection for proven bulls. Random Regression model (RRM) require at least 5 test-day lactation recode.


The scholarly community's dependence on electronic resources is rapidly increasing and those electronic resources are increasingly preserved in digital repositories or other preservation services. Whether locally hosted at libraries, collaboratively hosted between institutions, or externally hosted by a third party, one method for these digital repositories to take to assure themselves and their communities of their soundness is to be audited and certified by impartial organizations. Such independent organizations with staff experienced in executing audits and certifications can represent the interests of the academic community. Such staff will have the time and skills required to perform a thorough review of the methodologies and policies of each digital repository. Over the course of 2009, the Center for Research Libraries (CRL) audited Portico, a third party preservation service. At the conclusion of the audit, CRL certified Portico as a trustworthy digital repository. The audit was a lengthy, productive experience for Portico. We share the experience here both to impart the depth of the audit and to inform other organizations of what steps might be involved should they choose to be audited and certified.


From August to October 2020, a serious wildfire occurred in California, USA, which produced a large number of particulate matter and harmful gases, resulting in huge economic losses and environmental pollution. Particulate matter delays the GNSS signal, which affects the like precipitable water vapor (LPWV) derived by the GNSS non-hydrostatic delay. Most of the information of GNSS-derived LPWV is caused by water vapor, and a small part of the information is caused by particulate matter. A new method based on the difference (ΔPWV) between the PWV of virtual radiosonde stations network and GNSS-derived LPWV is proposed to detect the changes of particulate matter in the atmosphere during the 2020 California wildfires. There are few radiosonde stations in the experimental area and they are far away from the GNSS station. In order to solve this problem, we propose to use the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network method to establish the virtual radiosonde network in the experimental area. The PWV derived by the fifth-generation European center for medium-range weather forecasts reanalysis model (PWVERA5) is used as the input data of machine learning. The PWV derived by radiosonde data (PWVRAD) is used as the training target data of machine learning. The ΔPWV is obtained based on PWV derived by the virtual radiosonde station network and GNSS in the experimental area. In order to further reduce the influence of noise and other factors on ΔPWV, this paper attempts to decompose ΔPWV time series by using the singular spectrum analysis method, and obtain its principal components, subsequently, analyzing the relationship between the principal components of ΔPWV with particulate matter. The results indicate that the accuracy of PWV predicted by the virtual radiosonde network is significantly better than the fifth-generation European center for the medium-range weather forecast reanalysis model, and the change trend of ΔPWV is basically consistent with the change law of particulate matter in which the value of ΔPWV in the case of fire is significantly higher than that before and after the fire. The mean of correlation coefficients between ΔPWV and PM10 at each GNSS station before, during and after wildfires are 0.068, 0.397 and 0.065, respectively, which show the evident enhancement of the correlation between ΔPWV and particulate matter during wildfires. It is concluded that because of the high sensitiveness of ΔPWV to the change of particulate matter, the GNSS technique can be used as an effective new approach to detect the change of particulate matter and, then, to detect wildfires effectively.


North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) produce loud, broadband, short duration sounds referred to as gunshots. The sounds have been hypothesized to function in a reproductive context, as sexual advertisement signals produced by solitary adult males to attract females and/or agonistic displays among males in surface active groups. This study provides evidence that gunshot sounds are also produced by adult females and examines the acoustics and behavioral contexts associated with these calls. Results from boat-based observational surveys investigating the early vocal ontogeny and behavior of right whales in the critical southeast calving habitat are presented for a subset of mothers who produced gunshots while in close proximity to their calves. Of 26 different isolated mother-calf pairs, gunshots were recorded from females of varied ages and maternal experience. The signals were recorded when calves separated from their mothers during curious approaches toward objects on the surface. While the s...


The subject of this research is the language of the republican newspaper "Daimohk", the first and only newspaper in the world that is published solely in the Chechen language. Despite the status and age of the publisher (this year the newspaper celebrated the 98th anniversary), its language has not yet been subjected to scientific examination. The goals of this research consists in determination of the verbs most commonly used in the national republican newspaper "Daimohk". The article analyzes the morphological component of the newspaper language using a special software for parsing and detecting the frequency of words DoshStat, developed by the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic. The scientific novelty of lies in the source analysis of the language of the "Daimohk" newspaper as the language of the primary national periodical. Through automatic analysis with application of special software to detect frequency of words and subsequent manual search, the author determines the frequency of use of various verbs in the newspaper language. Emphasis is placed on the study of verbs, as the Chechen language features a wide variety of tenses and types. The acquired results would serve as the foundation for further research of the Chechen newspaper language, as well as a good asset for the Special Commission for Literacy of the Chechen language in mass media.


Manufacturers often use key performance indicators (KPIs) that are in conflict with each other. For example, to meet sales targets, sales teams tend to focus on fast-selling rather than slow-moving items. However, this requires production flexibility to respond to demand fluctuations, which negatively impacts the KPIs of the production or SCM departments. This report describes a best practice to optimize KPIs by improving the supply-demand planning process. We propose a communication-based supply-demand planning strategy for the supply-demand planning process. This strategy focuses on communication among departments as they establish their production, sales, and inventory (PSI) plans in order to prevent the occurrence of conflicts. Further, we developed the PSI-Cockpit visualization system to support communication-based supplydemand planning. The system's features support communication between departments and allow users to establish plans to optimize KPIs. Keywords— Supply-demand planning; Data visualization; Dashboard; Key performance indicator (KPI)


The existence of porosity is useful for releasing the strain during the magnetization and demagnetization processes of La(Fe, Si)13-based magnetocaloric materials, resulting in the decreases of magnetic hysteresis loss and the improvement of mechanical stability. But the porosity would affect the heat transfer and corrosion behavior. In this work, we studied the effect of highly plastic Cu coating on the magnetocaloric properties and corrosion resistance of LaFe11.5Si1.5 particles. It was found that Cu coating had less influence on the magnetic entropy changes, but presented a less magnetic hysteresis loss. Under a maximum field of 1.5 T, both particles with and without coating showed the similar magnetic entropy changes of 8 J/kg K. Magnetic hysteresis loss was decreased from 2.2 to 1.8 J/kg after Cu coating. The corrosion current density was decreased and the corrosion potential was increased, indicating an improvement of the corrosion resistance with Cu coating.


A methodology for the simulation of infrared scenes is presented. The approach is based on combining synthetic and real data. The thermal signature of each object is first estimated using a thermal model. Environmental parameters which contribute to this signature are also considered. Then, specific techniques are used to extract textures from real images and to use these textures in the generation process. Experimental results showing purely synthetic images and synthetic textures images are presented.


Addressing the health of communities involves collaboration within different sectors to achieve these goals. "Public health" and "population health" are two terms that are often used interchangeably, but there are differences between the two and it is important to understand these differences. Addressing health in communities also involves planning, by ensuring that the built environment, where people live, work, and play, also promotes healthy lifestyles. Each of these subject areas bring unique frameworks, processes, and strategies to address issues of health in communities.


Marketing at cultural art institutions can be understood as an effort to facilitate smooth exchange between audiences and the institutions. This paper is to develop a marketing mix strategy which the cultural and arts centers could apply marketing concept. The study question is how culture and arts centers set marketing strategy against the obstacles of accessing cultural enjoyment. Factors of the obstacles were examined using what one calls 7P's(product, price, promotion, place, people, physical evidence, process). Authors recommends that various types of policies for reduced ticket prices and services are needed. In addition, the research emphasizes that one need various events which allow citizens to be able to experience art and culture at a public space such as local art and cultural centers.


The invention relates to the production technology field of PEGylated (polyethylene glycol) recombinant human erythropoietin (PEG-EPO), especially to a spectral detection method for a PEG-EPO reaction liquid and a rapid identification method for a plurality of reaction liquids before merging. The detection system comprises a phosphate buffer solution and a nanogold sol color developing agent, and a diluted PEG-EPO reaction liquid. The absorbance at a 260nm site is measured, and then the absorbance and a dilution factor are subjected to linear fitting to calculate the absorbance decline coefficient (k260). By comparing the k260 value of each reaction liquid, whether the PEGylation reaction rates of the reaction liquids are identical or close can be judged rapidly. And then, by combining the detection result of high performance liquid chromatography, the PEGylation reaction rates of the reaction liquids with the same k260 value can be obtained rapidly. Thus, the method provided by the invention greatly shortens the detection analysis time of the PEG-EPO reaction liquid before merging, improves the efficiency of the PEG-EPO drug production process, and saves the human cost and time cost. And the detection method provided by the invention has good sensitivity, reliability and reproducibility, and can be applied to the actual production process of PEG-EPO drugs.


This work reviews on our industrial-oriented passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) baseline process for Czochralski-grown silicon (Cz-Si) wafers at the Fraunhofer ISE PV-TEC pilot-line. We perform several front side optimizations based on homogeneous emitter doping: finger width reduction of the screen-printed silver fingers, improved silver paste, and implementation of low-temperature thermal oxidation. This yields peak energy conversion efficiencies of 22.1% for boron-doped Cz-Si from LONGi and 22.2% for gallium-doped Cz-Si from Fraunhofer CSP. We show that gallium-doped Cz-Si wafers offer an industrially feasible option to further improve PERC-type but also other solar cell concepts on p-type Cz-Si. We also demonstrate the possibility to omit regeneration procedures that are needed to suppress the boron-oxygen-related light-induced degradation effects as known for conventional borondoped Cz-Si.


We present details of numerical techniques developed to compensate the effects of hysteresis experienced by a hybrid piezoelectric fiber optic voltage sensor. The techniques, implemented using a real-time signal processing system, are tested and their effectiveness evaluated experimentally. The best of the proposed algorithms provides phase error compensation from approximately 7 to nearly 0 deg, and allows us to perform sensor calibration to achieve accuracy better than 0.5% (full scale output).


Thermal radiofrequency is a promising technique for the therapy of liver tumors. This study aims to investigate the thermal effect, which –in case of excessive current – leads to thermal lesions in liver tissues. However, the thermal lesions and the mistakes occurred in positioning the trocar instrument in the correct and accurate place arise the need to simulate and prediction of the whole operation. By using COMSOL multiphysics package, the process of hepatic tumor ablation have been performed based on the work of S. Tungjitkusolmun and others. Results show that the blood which has a higher electrical conductivity,it attracts RF current from the RF probe. This causes the temperature in hepatic tissue between the electrode and the blood vessel to rise due to the joule effect. In addition, the flowing blood in the large vessel acts as a heat sink and dissipates thermal heat from the surrounding tissue.


Pancreatic cancer as a fatal malignant tumor is difficult in diagnosis and treatment. Effective biomarkers are demanded in clinical practice. Up to now, there is little known about the DNA methylation signatures across the whole genome scale in pancreatic cancer. In this study, comparison of differential mathylation sites was performed between pancreatic cancer tissues and pericarcinous tissues using Infinium Human Methylation 450 Beadchips. A total of 24,417 CpG sites representing 9,589 genes were identified between two cohorts. Of the 24,417 CpG sites, 14,721 (60%, 14,721 of 24,417) CpG sites were hypomethylated and 9,705 (40%, 9,705 of 24,417) CpG sites were hypermethylated. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG analysis were implemented to systematically characterize the significant differential methylated genes between pancreatic cancer tissues and pericarcinous tissues. In addition, we further screened 51 genes with aberrant methylation, which were the most likely candidate methylation markers within the scale of global differential methylation profiling. GO and KEGG analysis indicated these genes owning a wide range of functions. The identification of differential methylated genes in this study provides information valuable to the in-depth study of pancreatic cancer.


To evaluate the relationship between plasma cytokine levels with disease activity and therapeutic response in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) after initiating methotrexate (MTX) therapy.


Theorists acknowledge the possibility of multiple group identification where groups are imbedded in hierarchical structures that can change as the environment changes. This article investigates national, subnational, and supranational identification and the possible impact of social and political change on identity structures in South Africa. The results of three surveys conducted in 1994, 1998, and 2001 are discussed. While national and African identities have apparently strengthened among Blacks since 1994, national identification seems to have diminished among Afrikaans-speaking Whites in favor of ethnic identification. Some potential consequences of and directions for future research are discussed. Social identity theory holds that we integrate membership of social groups as the social component of our self-concepts (Tajfel, 1981), implying that the self is at least partially defined by membership of social groups. The social and political position of the ingroup (or own group) in relation to relevant outgroups (or other groups) consequently becomes psychologically significant and can be associated with various forms of social and political behavior. Analysts acknowledge the possibility of individuals identifying with multiple social groups (Deaux, 1993). Deaux proposes a hierarchical structure in which identitiesatthetop—usuallyrelatedtonationality,race,ethnicity,and/orculture— are usually of a more primary and extensive nature, are relevant in a number of situations,andhaveamoreprofoundinfluenceonattitudesandbehavior.Identities lowerdownthehierarchicalstructureareusuallyrelatedtospecificinterestgroups,


most young Americans are woefully unprepared for the new global circumstances. The magnitude of the educational task is so great that adding new international affairs or foreign cultures courses to the traditional undergraduate curriculum will not suffice. The challenge can best be met if existing courses that students already take in large numbers can be infused with appropriate global perspectives. Such courses represent important points of leverage for reaching the mass of college students. A recent survey has reviewed fifty -one of the leading textbooks for the introductory course in American national government-a course taken by large numbers of American undergraduate students-to ascertain the extent of the treatment of the subject from a global perspective. These fifty-one were selected from an estimated 100 textbooks currently available in this country for the introductory American national government course. They were primarily chosen on the basis of a 1979 study published by the American Political Science Association which identified fifty of these textbooks published since 1976 as the most actively marketed by nearly twenty publishers. Presumably these are also the most widely used. Omitted from the top fifty of the 1979 study were eight titles that were either going out of print or were not available to the writer. Added to that initial


Abstract:This text mobilizes the theoretical frameworks of intersectionality and coloniality to analyze the figure of the Haitian poto-mitan woman—she who acts as a "central pillar"—a figure that was constructed during the history of colonialism. Colonial and postslavery relations initiated a process of coformation and coproduction and determined power relations that still traverse Haiti. They connect individual, national, and global dynamics that intertwine, frequently characterizing the poto-mitan women's workforce as deviant. This article historicizes the poto-mitan woman and unveils how common conceptualizations appropriate the body and time of women assigned the duties of support and protection.


The regularity of the pulsed discharges in the plasma display panel is attributed to processes which automatically damp out perturbations from equilibrium conditions. With rectangular wave excitation, these processes are controlled by the dependence of wall voltage changes during a discharge on the cell voltage at the beginning of a discharge. Conditions for stability and instability are derived for both simple series, in which all discharges are identical, and for more complex series of recurrent discharge sequences, for which the discharges within a sequence need not be identical.


The properties of thin tetrahedral amorphous carbon films were evaluated for various deposition conditions using a filtered cathodic vacuum arc process. The most marked change observed in the properties of the films caused by varying the arc current and substrate bias was the change in the compressive stress of the films. It was found that C+ ion energy values ranging from 55 to 75 eV are optimum for obtaining very hard tetrahedral amorphous carbon coatings.


Feature weighting is one of the popular and effective ways to improve clustering quality. How to choose a proper weighting method for a data object is widely recognized as a difficult problem. Among majority of weighting schemes and combination weighting methods, the traditional way is evaluating the performance of feature weighting by measuring the quality of clustering. However, it is a time-consuming task because clustering algorithms should be run many times, and the number of times depends on the number of weighting schemes or the number of combination weighting iteration. To address the issue, we propose to apply the Mutual Information to predict the performance of feature weighting. We propose to judge the quality of feature weighting by the resulting gain in mutual information. Therefore, the top s weighted data representations can be selected from the weighting data representation set. Then, the best/second best cluster result can be obtained from the top s representations. Experimental results show that the Mutual Information evaluation reduces the running time without sacrificing the quality of clustering.


Abstract Characteristics of the discontinuities in the National Meteorological Center (NMC) gridded winter 500-mb and 700-mb geopotential height fields were examined for the northeast Pacific, North America, and the northwest Atlantic. It was found that for the same 700-mb heights, the 500-mb heights during 1958–92 were mostly lower than those during 1948–57. The difference was especially significant for an area running across the study area between 25° and 45°N. In some regions, the areas with significant discontinuities extended to 60°N or even farther north. In these regions, the 500-mb heights seemed to be more sensitive to changes in observation time and analysis procedures than the 700-mb heights. It was also found that for the same surface temperatures across the United States, both 500- and 700-mb geopotential heights over the eastern United States were lower during 1958–92 than during the earlier period. Further investigation revealed several breaks during a 25-year period from 1952 to 1976. Alth...


If the condition of women in Turkey is evaluated in terms of education, violence, employment, and the like variables from the most general point of view, it will be right to start with an evaluation on the literacy condition according to gender above all because the results are striking. For example, as the year 2014, out of 2.663.096 illiterate people 2.208.336 are women (TUIK, 2014). This data is important as it refers to a huge gap between genders in terms of the level of education. Moreover, women's employment in Turkey is another important problematic area. For example, as of 2014 in Turkey the ratio of contribution of women to the labor force is 30.3%, the ratio of women's employment is 26.7%. (TUIK, 2014). Another problematic area shows itself in political representation. Although the ratio of women deputies in Turkey has increased over the years, the share of women deputies in the parliament has increased to 14.7% with the 2015 elections. Another problematic area that has been talked about and discussed most nowadays is violence against women. In the 2014 Domestic Violence Against Women in Turkey Research, across the country, the ratio of women who have experienced physical violence in any period of their lives by their husbands or ex-husbands is 36%. The ratio of women who have experienced emotional violence in any period of their lives is 44%; the ratio of physical or sexual violence experienced together is 38%.As seen, women in Turkey are in a disadvantaged position in terms of social, economic, political, and the like variables compared to men. The purpose of this study is to uncover how political parties deal with this disadvantaged position women are experiencing and the problems it creates and what kind of an approach they have to solve the problems determined. In other words, programs of political parties in the parliament will be content analyzed in terms of violence, education, employment, discrimination, equality, freedom, and the like and the results will be compared in the line with their respective parties. The basic reason why this study is conducted on examining political parties and their party programs is that political parties are the main incentive means that force the government to fulfill the desires and needs of the majority of the society and that party programs are a reference text that covers political party's ideology, priorities, and suggested solutions for the problematic areas.


Two field experiment were carried out during 2008 and 2009 summer seasons (5th March), at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University Egypt, to investigate the influence of three plant densities (17.1, 11.4 and 9.1 plant/m2) and four NPK equations i.e., 119.6-55.3-59.5, 159.5-73.8-119.0, 199.3 -92.2-178.5 and 239.2-110.7-238.0 Kg N-P-K/ha on productivity and quality of lima bean cv. 'Raio de sol' grown in sandy soil. The obtained results showed that, plant population densities significantly affected vegetative growth parameters i.e., (plant height and number of branches/plant); yield and its components expressed as number of pods/plant, pod length, pod width, number of seeds/pod, weight of 100-seeds and total seeds yield as well as quality characteristics i.e., protein, phosphorus and potassium percentages as well as vitamin B1. However, the medium plant densities (11.4 plant/m2) resulted in the highest values of pod length cm, weight of 100 seeds, and total seeds yield, in both seasons. Increasing NPK rates significantly increased all studied characteristics in the two experimental seasons. Moreover, the plants received the highest rate (239.2-110.7-238.0 Kg N-P-K/ha) gave the highest values for all studied characteristics as compared to other NPK equations. The interaction between the two studied factors (plant densities and NPK equations) significantly affected vegetative growth criteria, seed yield and its compo-nents as well as quality characteristics. Meanwhile, the combinations between medium plant density and NPK application rate (11.4 plant/m2 and 199.3-92.2-178.5 Kg N-P-K/ha) recorded the highest values for pod length, number of seeds/pod, weight of 100 seeds, and total seeds yield as well as all quality characteristics in both seasons.


The temperature sensitivity of the propellant and the solid rocket motor are described by several different temperature sensitivity coefficients. This enabled the derivation of three different relationships for the temperature sensitivity coefficient pi(sub K). To demonstrate this, two different propellants were used wherein the values of pi(sub K) were generated and compared. It was observed that the expressions are of equal complexity and offer ease of use. All involve only the burning rate data and the use of the parameters in St. Roberts burning rate low. It is also suggested that the most general expression for the sensitivity coefficient should be used since it is a true pi(sub K) relationship having the partial derivatives taken with the motor geometry held constant. 11 refs.


Objective: To study the prole of hypertensive children admitted in a tertiary care hospital in the age group of 3 to 12
years.
Method: It is a Prospective type Study done over 1 year from June 2019 to May 2020 in the Department of Pediatrics, Silchar Medical College
and Hospital (SMCH), a tertiary care Hospital in Assam,India. One twenty six children in the age group of 3 to 12 years meeting the inclusion
criteria were admitted with hypertension.
Results: During the study period a total of 3214 patients were admitted in the Pediatric Department of Silchar Medical College and Hospital. Out
of which 126 patients were found to be hypertensive (3.9%). The number of males were 81(65%) and females 45(56%). The most common
affected group was school going children age group (6 to 12 years). 37(29.3%) cases presented with hypertensive emergency. 22(17%) cases
presented with congestive cardiac failure and 15(11.9%) cases hypertensive encephalopathy. Renal Cause of hypertension was the leading cause
of admission and glomerulonephritis was the leading renal cause (80%). The mortality was 4.7% (6 out of 126 patients) and was due to
complication of Glomerulonephritis.
Conclusion: Hypertension is a common cause of hospitalization in children. Renal or renovascular etiology of hypertension is the most common
cause of hypertension.


A zero‐quantum (ZQ) filter offering single‐shot lipid suppression and providing for simultaneous detection of the lactate methyl doublet (1.3 ppm) and nonoverlapping singlets including choline (Cho, 3.2 ppm) and creatine (Cr, 3.0 ppm) is described. Filtering is provided by soft mixing and reading pulses (RFmix, RFrd) that are selective for the lactate methine quartet (4.1 ppm), Cho, and Cr resonances but exclude the 1.3 ppm lactate component and overlapping lipids. Surrounding RFmix and RFrd are magnetic field gradient pulses of equal magnitude but opposite signs to enable the rephasing of the zero‐quantum lactate coherence and the creation of a stimulated echo for singlets within the pulse passbands. The sequence is designed to retain half the original lactate and singlet signal intensities. Theoretical predictions were confirmed experimentally at 1.5T using phantom acquisitions. The lipid suppression factor was measured to be over 103. Magn Reson Med 46:1233–1237, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The invention relates to conducting salts which contain lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) and mixed lithium borate salts of the type of formula (I), wherein the portion of compound (I) in the conducting salt is 0.01 to 20 mole- % and X in formula (I) is a bridge linked with the boron via two oxygen atoms, selected from formula (II), wherein Y1 and Y2 together = O, m = 1, n = 0 and Y3 and Y4 independently represent H or an alkyl group with 1 to 5 C atoms, or Y1, Y2,Y3, Y4 independently represent OR (with R = alkyl group with 1 to 5 C atoms), or H or an alkyl group with 1 to 5 C atoms, and wherein m = 0 or 1, n = 0 or 1, or Y2 and Y3 are members of a 5-or 6-membered aromatic or heteroaromatic ring (with N, O or S as the hetero element) which can be optionally substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, carboxy or nitrile, and if so, Y1 and Y4 are not applicable and n = 0, m = 0 or 1. The invention also relates to a method for producing the inventive conducting salts.


Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels (RAFMs) are recognized as the primary candidate structural materials for fusion blanket systems. The RAFM CLF-1 was developed at Southwestern Institute of Physics (SWIP) using as structural materials for Chinese ITER test blanket modules (CN ITER TBM). The objective of this paper is to review the R&D status of CLF-1 steel mainly on the melting and processing techniques, composition optimization and thermo-mechanical treatment, and to identify the key technical issues for the fabrication of an ITER test blanket module (TBM) suggested from the recent research achievements at SWIP. Physical and mechanical properties were measured along with microstructural characteristics, for providing data for design of ITER HCSB TBM.


The content to Chaenomeles Sinensis amylose in Chinese traditional medicine has been determined with phenol-sulfuric acid method, the result showing: The average content of Thouin amylase is 7.03%.


Square-wave brushless DC motor(BLDCM)is usually used with the mode of 3-phase 6-state PWM.At any moment,only two of the phases work and the other phase shutdowns.The non-conduction phase current is usually neglected.This paper put forward the view that non-conduction phase current which formulaically and markedly exists had the influence to the BLDCM performance.Theoretically analyzed the cause of the non-conduction phase current with the PWM method of upper and lower bridge arm chopping by turns,and made some experiments to verify its validity.


Image enhancement and image restoration methods are widely used in most of the recent image processing studies. The main purpose of image enhancement is to remove noise from the image albeit different kinds. Therefore, in every field where image processing methods are used, image enhancement methods are more or less needed. And dermatological images, in which mostly image quality is inadequate most of the time, are one of the primary fields where these techniques are needed. Dermatologists that work in this field carry out the recording of wound images via a digital dermoscopy device. Later they realize the decision-making process using the image processing techniques through software. And in this study, the comparison of different image preprocessing methods is carried out in order to remove the effects of lighting and to make the software used give more accurate decisions.


Golden Pebble Beach Park is the core part of planning in Dalian Binhai National Geological Park.There are lots of typical geological stone landscapes in its eastern scenic area.At present the geological tourism products give priority to geological sightseeing,aided with geological science products.But there are some problems with regard to resource utilization,product design,promotional marketing,management and service,etc.The suggestions are given for the future development: strengthening management and protec-tion,formulating scientific development plans,building harmonious systems,enhancing specialty,developing tourist commodities,improving service quality.