Consistency of corpus annotation is an essential property for the many uses of annotated corpora in computational and theoretical linguistics. While some research addresses the detection of inconsistencies in part-of-speech and other positional annotation (van Halteren, 2000; Eskin, 2000; Dickinson and Meurers, 2003a), more recently work has also started to address errors in syntactic and other structural annotation (Dickinson and Meurers, 2003b, 2005; Ule and Simov, 2004; Dickinson, 2005). Spoken language differs in many respects from written language, but to the best of our knowledge the issue of detecting errors in the annotation of spoken language corpora has not yet been systematically addressed. This is significant since spoken data is increasingly relevant for linguistic and computational research—and such corpora are starting to become more readily available, as illustrated by the holdings of the Linguistic Data Consortium (http://www.ldc.upenn.edu). This paper addresses the issue, based on the variation n-gram error detection approach developed in Dickinson and Meurers (2003a). We use the German Verbmobil treebank (Hinrichs et al., 2000) as an exemplar of a spoken language corpus and discuss properties of such corpora which are relevant when adapting the variation n-gram approach for detecting errors in syntactic annotation of spoken language corpora.


The correct judgment of the hydraulic fractures′ morphology is very important part for fracturing operation design and productivity prediction.This paper studied the true tri-axial hydraulic fracture experiment of coal and obtained the judgment criterions for the conversion conditions between horizontal,vertical and complicated fracture.The result shows that the hydraulic fractures′ morphology will be changed between vertical and horizontal fracture when the stress difference(the minimum horizontal stress minus vertical stress) span from 4MPa to 6MPa.High confining pressures will make the hydraulic fractures′ morphology complicated when the stress difference is stable.The nature fractures and cleats have different effects on the initiation and extending process of hydraulic fracture.The stress states of coal bed decide the hydraulic fracture strike.When the stress difference coefficient,i.e.Kv,belongs to 0.6 to 0.7,the nature fractures and cleats have significant influence on the hydraulic fractures′ morphology.From the Kv value,we can know that it need harsh stress condition to make the hydraulic fractures horizontal at the stage of initiation without near wellbore nature fracture.


699–702. 12. British Orthopaedic Association standards for trauma. BOAST 1: Hip fracture in the older person. September, 2007. http://www.boa.ac.uk/en/publications/boast/ (accessed 03/05/2016). 13. The National Hip Fracture Database. National Report, 2014. http://www. nhfd.co.uk/20/hipfractureR.nsf/vwcontent/2014reportPDFs/$file/NHFD2014 ExtendedReport.pdf?OpenElement (acce ssed 03/05/2016). 14. British Orthopaedic Association standards for trauma. BOAST 1 Version 2: Hip fracture in the older person. January, 2012. https://www.boa.ac.uk/ wp-content/uploads/2014/05/BOAST1-Version-2-Patients-sustaining-a-Fragility-Hip-Fracture.pdf (accessed 03/05/ 2016). 15. Sessler DI, Sigl JC, Kelley SD, et al. Hospital stay and mortality are increased in patients having a "triple low" of low blood pressure, low bispectral index, and low minimum alveolar concentration of volatile anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2012; 116: 1195–203. 16. Walsh M, Devereaux PJ, Garg AX, et al. Relationship between intraoperative mean arterial pressure and clinical outcomes after noncardiac surgery: toward an empirical definition of hypotension. Anesthesiology 2013; 119: 507–15. 17. NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement. Protocol based care. http://www.institute.nhs.uk/quality_ and_service_improvement_tools/quality_and_service_improvement_tools/ protocol_based_care.html (accessed 03/05/2016). 18. Weick KE, Sutcliffe KM, Obstfeld D. Organising for high reliability: processes of collective mindfulness. In: Sutton R.S., Staw B.M. (Eds). Research in Organizational Behavior, volume 1. Stanford: Jai Press; 1999: 81–123. 19. Lillrank P, Liukko M. Standard, routine and non-routine processes in health care. International Journal of Healthcare Quality Assurance 2004; 17: 39– 46. 20. Haynes AB, Weiser TG, Berry WR, et al. Safe Surgery Saves Lives Study Group. A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population. New England Journal of Medicine 2009; 360: 491–9. 21. Khan SK, Malviya A, Muller SD, et al. Reduced short-term complications and mortality following Enhanced Recovery primary hip and knee arthroplasty: results from 6,000 consecutive procedures. Acta Orthopaedica 2014; 85: 26–31. 22. Jones EL, Wainwright TW, Foster JD, Smith JR, Middleton RG, Francis NK. A systematic review of patient reported outcomes and patient experience in enhanced recovery after orthopaedic surgery. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 2014; 96: 89–94. 23. Crosby E. Review article: the role of practice guidelines and evidence-based medicine in perioperative patient safety. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 2013; 60: 143–51. 24. Donaldson LJ. Professional accountability in a changing world. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2001; 77: 65–7. 25. General Medical Council. Good Medical Practice. 2013. http://www.gmc-uk. org/static/documents/content/Good_ medical_practice_-_English_0914.pdf (accessed 07/05/2015). 26. Rotter T, Kinsman L, James E, et al. Clinical pathways: effects on professional practice, patient outcomes, length of stay and hospital costs. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010; 3: CD006632. 27. Belleli G, Morandi A, Davis DH, et al. Validation of the 4AT, a new instrument for rapid delirium screening: a study in 234 hospitalised older people. Age and Ageing 2014; 43: 496–502.


Elastodynamic phenomena can be effectively analyzed by using the Boundary Element Method (BEM), especially in unbounded media. However, for the simulation of such problems, beside others, two difficulties restrict the BEM to rather small or medium–sized problems. Firstly, one has to deal with dense matrices and secondly the treatment of the kernel functions is very costly. Several approaches have been developed to overcome these drawbacks. Approaches, such as Fast Multipole and Panel Clustering etc. gain their efficiency basically from an analytic kernel approximation. The main difficulty of these methods is that the so called degenerate kernel has to be known explicitly.


Background and objective: Intrathecal opioids are now used routinely in the UK for intra‐ and postoperative analgesia. The opioids of choice have altered over recent years and the dosage regimens used can vary between institutions. Concerns over safety have been reduced probably because much lower doses of opioids are now being used. This survey explored the practice of intrathecal opioid usage in the UK. Methods: We sent a questionnaire survey to 270 anaesthetic departments and received 199 replies, a response rate of 73.7%. Results: Intrathecal opioids were used in 175 (88.4%) departments. Of these departments, 107 (61.1%) had local guidelines or protocols in place. Opioids such as diamorphine (used in 136 (78.2%) of departments) and fentanyl (129 (74.1%)) with a shorter duration of action are now more commonly used than morphine (37 (21.3%)) for intrathecal analgesia. In 96 (54.5%) departments, patients were nursed on regular surgical wards following administration of spinal opioids. Conclusions: The use of low‐dose lipophilic intrathecal opioids for postoperative analgesia is widespread in the UK. Patients are commonly nursed in low‐dependency post‐anaesthetic care areas. The low incidence of adverse events reported by the respondents along with the popularity of the technique suggests that low‐dose spinal opioid administration is safe.


Objective To study the effects of 50 Hz 200 kV/m high voltage electric field on antibody production ability and the production ability of IL-2 in mice.Methods Eighty eight mice were randomly divided into four test groups and 4 control groups(11 mice each group).The test groups were exposed to 50 Hz 200 kV/m high voltage electric field 2 h a day for 1,2,4 and 8 weeks,respectively.The mice of control and test groups were sacrificed at the 1 st ,2 nd ,4 th ,and the 8th week of the experiment.The antibody production ability and the production ability of IL-2 were measured.Results The results showed that there were temporary elevation in the immunological function of the whole body during the initial stage(first week),and recovery to normal level after two weeks,and then no remarkable changes in following eight weeks.Conclusions High voltage electric field could induce positive stress reaction in a short-term(1~2 weeks),but no harmful effect on the immunological function of the body.


Blockchain technologies have received a great amount of attention, and its immutability is paramount to facilitate certain applications requiring persistent records. However, in many other usecases, tremendous real-world incidents have exposed the harm of strict immutability. For example, illicit data stored in immutable blockchain poses numerous challenges for law enforcement agencies such as Interpol, and millions of dollars are lost due to the vulnerabilities of immutable smart contract. Moreover, "Right to be Forgotten" (a.k.a. data erasure) has been imposed in new European Union's General Data Protection Regulation, thus causing immutable blockchains no longer compatible with personal data. Therefore, it is imperative (even legally required) to design efficient redactable blockchain protocols in a controlled way. In this paper, we present a generic approach of designing redactable blockchain protocol in the permissionless settingwith instant redaction, applied to both proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchain and proof-ofwork (PoW) blockchain with just different instantiations to randomly select "committees" according to stake or computational power. Our protocol can maintain the same adversary bound requirements and security assumption as the underlying blockchain (e.g., 1/2 adversary bound and asynchronous networks), which is compatible with most current blockchains requiring only minimal changes. It also offers public verifiability for redactable chains, where any edited block in the chain is publicly verifiable. Compared to previous solutions in permissionless setting, our redaction operation can be completed instantly, even only within one slot for the best-case scenario of PoS instantiation, which is desirable for redacting harmful or sensitive data. Correspondingly, our redaction verification in the blockchain is also instant. Furthermore, we define the first ideal functionality of redactable blockchain following the language of universal composition, and prove that our protocol can achieve the security property of redactable common prefix, chain quality, and chain growth. Finally, we develop a proofof-concept implementation, and conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the overhead incurred by redactions. The experimental results show that the overhead remains minimal for both online nodes and re-spawning nodes, which demonstrates the high efficiency of our design.


Palynological records from Tukuto and Etivlik Lakes contribute to an improved understanding of the late Quaternary history of vegetation in the Howard Pass area of northern Alaska. During the Itkillik II glaciation (24-14 ka BP), the vegetation of the western Arctic Foothills was sparse, xeric tundra, as evidenced by taxa indicative of dry, rocky substrates (e.g., Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring, Chenopodiaceae, and Encalypta cf. rhaptocarpa) and very low pollen accumulation rates in this interval of the 30-ka-old Tukuto Lake record. Mesic tundra dominated by non-Sphagnum (Bryidae) mosses, Cyperaceae, and Salix species expanded near Tukuto Lake during the late-glacial period, followed by the establishment of Sphagnum moss and increased shrub cover at ca. 10 ka BP. Landscapes around both lakes supported stands of Populus cf. balsamifera during the early Holocene, and Alnus crispa expanded in the Howard Pass area during the middle Holocene. Local variation in plant communities is illustrated by the compar...


The test was conducted on toxic effect of 18 pesticides using photobacterium phosphoreum on the basis of luminescent principle. The results showed that at certain range of concentrations, the relative luminescent intensity positively correlated with the concentration of the pesticides, with the correlation coefficients all above 0.9. The EC50 of carbendazim, flusilazole, hymexazol, thiram, kitazine and diethofencarb were 12.92, 19.24, 37.9, 0.17, 33.99 and 13.32 mg·L-1, and their toxicity sequence were thiramcarbendazimdiethofencarbflusilazole kitazinehymexazol. The EC50 of acephate, Rogor, dichlovos, trichlorphon, fenvalerate, beta-cypermethrin, emamectin, avermectins, pyridaben and monosultap were 40.33, 38.42, 31.11, 11.10, 23.56, 14.63, 12.74, 8.04, 18.32 and 2.72 mg·L-1, and their toxicity sequence were monosultapavermectinstrichlorphon emamectinpyridabenbeta-cypermethrinfenvaleratedichlovosrogoracephate. The EC50 of quinclorac and anilofos were 11.88 and 21.19 mg·L-1. Bioluminescence is a good bio-monitoring method that would have a wonderful prospect.


The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of profitability and liquidity on the capital structure of manufacturing sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022. The research population is all manufacturing sub-sector companies listed on the IDX for the period 2019 – 2022, namely 53 companies. The sampling method in this study used purposive sampling so that a sample of 40 companies was obtained. Data analysis in this study used multiple regression using the SPSS statistical program version 24. The results showed that profitability had a significant effect with a negative relationship to capital structure in manufacturing sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022. Then liquidity was found to have a significant effect with a negative relationship to the capital structure of manufacturing sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022. Finally it was found that simultaneously profitability and liquidity had a significant effect on the capital structure of manufacturing sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022


The automatic stuffing lubrication system can appropriately provide a fixed amount of high-voltage grease for each lubrication point according to the conditions under which a vehicle is operated, thus stuffing and lubricating vehicles while they are on the move and automatically monitoring the lubrication conditions during the entire process. The essay focus on not only the analysis of the working condition of chassis centralized stuffing lubrication system, the functions and proper use of controller ,sub-oil device ,lubrication pump , but also the analysis of the installation and testing methods of centralized grease lubrication system.


Species distribution models have been applied across a wide range of spatial scales to generate information for conservation planning. Understanding how well models transfer through space and time is important to promote effective species–habitat conservation. Here, we assess model transferability in coastal tidal marshes of the southeastern United States using count data of a widespread marsh bird: the Clapper Rail (Rallus crepitans). We developed species–habitat models at a state level in both South Carolina and Georgia, and then assessed how well top models from each state predicted abundance in the other state. Internally (locally) validated models performed well with reasonable fit (SC: R2 = 0.35, GA: R2 = 0.14), and high significance (P = 0.0005); however, both models performed poorly when predicting abundance from the other state (R2 = 0.03 and 0.003). To assess the consequences of this lack of transferability, we applied the South Carolina- and Georgia-derived parameter estimates to habitat features in South Carolina and identified the top 25% of tidal marsh habitat that each model predicted within the state. There was minimal overlap between model habitat quality predictions (<5%). Our results address the predictive power and uncertainties that arise from using habitat associations and climate models to predict species distributions or abundance in locations without training data. We discuss potential reasons model transferability was not successful and address the need for better regional datasets and the importance of intraspecific variability in response to environmental gradients.


To better limit tumor growth, adoptive T cell therapy (ACT), a cutting-edge new strategy for treating cancer, permits patients' T cells to be modified. Long-lived central memory cells (Tcm), a specific subset of T cells, have been demonstrated through studies conducted in our group and others to be more effective at controlling tumor burden. Powerful inflammatory cytokine IL-12 has been extensively studied for its roles in the interaction of innate and adaptive immunity; however, therapeutic potential has not been optimized. We hypothesized that ex vivo administration of IL-12 may improve metabolic fitness and anti-tumor capabilities of T cells. Using a B16 murine melanoma model and T cells that are reactive to the melanoma epitope gp100, we found ex-vivo conditioning with IL-12 increased stem cell memory (Tscm) and central memory (Tcm) T cell populations. Additionally, we found unique metabolic signatures and proliferation patterns were dependent on IL-12 duration. We also observed enhanced engraftment and tumor control for up to 60 days after adoptively transferring these cells into animals with subcutaneous melanoma tumors. These metabolically conditioned T cells showed improved mitochondrial mass and function, elevated cytokine output, and perforin expression. Aside from switching from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, these cells were also able to continue producing cytokines even when glucose or pyruvate levels dropped. Together, these findings imply that IL-12 modifies T cells' reliance on glucose for energy while preserving their anti-tumor ability, potentially amplifying their ability to fight tumors in nutrient deprived microenvironments. IL-12 could therefore have a large impact on future ACT strategies.
 R01 CA250458, R01 CA236379


Improper domestic food handling in rural areas of China is an important public health issue leading to foodborne illness. However, the underlying factors responsible for poor domestic food hygiene practices have not been comprehensively studied. Here, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Anhui Province, China between 2015 - 2016, using a questionnaire to collect data from 819 respondents, selected using multistage cluster random sampling techniques. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was then used to assess the demographic factors associated with improper food handling. Results showed that 525 (64.1%) of respondents used improper food handling techniques. The factors associated with improper food handling included gender, age, education, income, and occupation. Males (vs. females), adults aged ≥ 50 years (vs. those aged 18 - 30 years), individuals with primary school education or lower (vs. individuals with a bachelor's degree or higher), individuals with annual incomes of < 4,387 USD (vs. income ≥ 13,161 USD), and workers (vs. other occupation groups) were more likely to report inappropriate food handling practices in rural areas. The results obtained from the present work may provide the basis for training in domestic food safety hygiene/handling practices in rural areas of China in order to reduce the incidence of foodborne illnesses.


Abstract: The study examines issues related to accountability, transparency and corruption in the decentralized governance focusing local government authorities in Sri Lanka. The study was conducted based on secondary data. It was found that political and administrative factors both at local and national level influence for increased corruption, poor transparency and accountability in the working of local government authorities, which has resulted in poor participation of local citizens in decision making process and high degree of distrust on the local government authorities. As a result of these issues, positive outcomes of decentralization and good governance have not been achieved through local government authorities.


Interest in psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), which studies the measurable interaction between psy chological and physiological processes, has grown progressively since the 1980s, following the pub lication of the now-classic articles by Ader ( 1982, 1987) and Cohen(1991). In the last lOyears, the body of knowledge in PNI has flourished. A num ber of studies have clarified that two bi-directional pathways link the brain and the irnmune system: the autonomic nervous system and neuroendo crinc outflow via the pituitary. Numcrous rcports have dcscnbed immune alterations in the setting ofbcreavement and depression ( Anderson, 1996; Corrican, 1998), thought suppression (Petrie, 1998), a tendcncy towards helplessness ( Garssen, 1999), anxiety (Koh, 1998), and stress (Kiekolt Glaser, 1995; Eriksen, 1999). The irnmune alter ations usually includc suppression ofT-cell mito genesis, dccrcascd numbers ofB lymphocytcs, in crcascd numbers of circulating CD8 + and na tu rai killer cells, and a significant dccrease in CD4+ and CD3+ T lymphocyte lcvcls (Ader, 1995). This negative immune modulation can be associ ated with an increased morbidity and mortality (Cohen, 1998). Vida Milasienė


The rules of engagement for job search have changed drastically in recent years, presenting serious challenges for women and men returning to the workforce after a long absence. Any job seeker may wrestle with issues such as confidence, communications, business etiquette, and branding, to name a few. For clients with a large gap to explain, the task is even more intimidating. Your client can take heart, however, in knowing that this is the new normal and careers now run in chapters, with very interesting twists and turns. The best companies are sympathetic to the realities of personal commitments and the positive effects of career path reinventions. Let's take a look at how to develop and present the story.Don't Follow the Pack Into the Black Hole of the InternetDon't worry about trying to fit these clients into the online application system - their job search should be centered on expanding their network and communicating with those resources. The Internet can be used to conduct research, find companies to target, study job postings to build the list of keywords, and see what's in demand out there.The return-to-work job seeker should learn as much as possible about the background required for her target positions. Is there anything transferable from her experience? She should reach out to people in the industry, asking for insights. Coach your client to be ready to answer questions about what she's looking for - it might be a specific position, but it's more likely to be a description of the contributions she'd like to make in a more general sense.Help your clients to focus on what they have done over the course of their lives. Take the experience apart and figure out what it means generically; then make a list of transferable skills to help them realize they don't have to start from scratch to reenter the workforce. What kinds of problems have they solved, what kinds of people have they dealt with, what skills have they developed, and more?A huge difference from the typical job search is to focus on companies, not listed openings. You want your client to catch decision-makers when they are just starting to feel the need but haven't formulated an opening - or get them thinking about the person in their company who's just not working out but it's been easier to keep the status quo - until your client's letter and resume show up.It can be difficult to feel like the search is gaining much traction at the beginning. The job seeker should devote most of the time to simply talking to people - anywhere and at any level - to gather intelligence about possibilities. Coach him to reach out to decision-makers so he can be on the radar screen before an opening is announced. You want your client to spark the idea that he would be a valuable business-building or businessretaining person to have on board.Instead of asking about whether they're hiring, your client should have conversations about how the other person's business works and what they're struggling with. Your client should be naturally curious, listen, and learn. Then the conversation can turn to the possibility of hiring him into an existing position or creating a position that allows him to solve a problem or fill a need.Resume StrategiesYou may be tempted to create a functional resume to rearrange your client's strengths into categories, but that style of resume is not well received in the job market. Recruiters and hiring managers don't like to work at sorting them out and Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) don't read them well. There's an assumption that there must be a negative story hiding behind the resume. A better approach is to use the Summary section to present the client's strengths briefly, include keywords, and open the reader's brain to seeing your client as she wants to be perceived.Often, a resume provides details going back about eight to ten years, sometimes more, and then includes a very brief description of career accomplishments further back in time. …


A spoke structure with a plane shape of an ellipse with a major axis of 237m,the minor axis of 230m and 54m in depth is adopted in Shenzhen Bao'an Stadium.The form-finding of the structure is the essential problem of the design.The mechanics analysis of a spoke structure is conducted and an important conclusion is drawn that the compositions of forces of both upper and lower cables form a virtual structure in a single layer.Based on the relationship between the balanced load and the form of the virtual structure and the horizontal components of the tensions,the FEM equation to calculate the form of the virtual structure is provided.The positions of the upper nodes and the lower nodes of flying columns can be calculated according to the ratios of the horizontal components of tensions of upper cables to the lower cables.The form of the spoke structure can be determined according to the end nodes of the cable-trusses and the loads as well as the horizontal components of the tensions of the cables. The initial strains of the cables to calculate and to tense the structure as well as the method to deal with the deformation of the boundary part of the structure are described in the paper.The form-finding of the spoke structure of Shenzhen Bao'an Stadium is calculated.The method in the paper is easy to carry out and provides accurate results.It can be performed either by the program using the FEM equation of the paper or by the commercial FEM software.


Introduction:  Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest infections occurring in the course of pregnancy. As Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) poses a major threat during pregnancy leading to both meternal and fetal adverse outcomes  it has become necessary to diagnose and treat this infection at the earliest . This study was taken up to estimate the prevalence of ASB among pregnant women, common pathogens causing it and their antibiogram, and to device an ideal screening method for detection of bacteriuria. Materiails and methods: 500 pregnant women attending the ANC of MGMCRI, Pondicherry, were taken up for the study in a period of 1 year. Written consent and a brief history was obtained from the study subjects. The urine sample was collected and sent to the Microbiology laboratory for processing. The sample was then subjected to a wet mount examination, Dipstick testing ( A10REAGENT STRIPS, RAPHA) and urine culture on Blood agar plate and CLED agar plate. The observations were noted, the isolates were identified by preliminary tests and basic biochemical tests and antibiotic sensitivity testing was done for the necessary isolates. Results & Conclusion: Prevalence of ASB among pregnant women was 9%. The ideal screening method for diagnosis of ASB was urinary leucocytes detection with the commonest uropathogen being Escherichia coli.


Based on the current status of the schedule management software, this paper analyzes the basic functions of the schedule management software, and proposes the design and improvement of the intelligent management personal schedule system for its single and inefficient schedule management method. At present, the schedule management method of the schedule management software, through the intelligent statistics and analysis of the user schedule, pushes scientific and reasonable scheduling schemes and suggestions to the user, and achieves the purpose of helping the user to effectively improve the life and work efficiency.


This study proposes a compensation algorithm of AMOLED display degradation, which is established with the particular model measurements previously. It can be used with diverse OLED devices and any pixel circuits. By utilizing the algorithm, AMOLED display degradation can be compensated more accurate.


Arsenic accumulation by hyperaccumulator, Pteris vittata, when exposed to arsenite in hydroponics is comparable to that when exposed to arsenate while arsenite uptake is considerably slower than arsenate uptake. Arsenite species around root and that in the incubating solution were analyzed to investigate arsenite oxidation in hydroponics. XANES analysis of the fern roots showed that arsenate predominated in all parts tested, root tip, middle, and root top, even an hour after the addition of arsenite, suggesting arsenite oxidation in whole rhizosphere. Although arsenite in the rhizosphere is rapidly oxidized to arsenate within an hour, arsenate was not observed in the bulk solution and was gradually increased during 18 days-incubation, supporting the involvement of rhizosphere in arsenite oxidation. Arsenite speciation of medium during arsenite uptake experiment showed that in 7 days, the most arsenite was oxidized and remained as arsenate with a fern conditioned with 1mM phosphate (Pi), whereas the most arsenite was decreased with a fern conditioned with 10 M Pi, suggesting arsenite oxidation and subsequent phosphorus-starvation-dependent uptake of the arsenate.


Decades of research in the field of high level hardware description now result in tools that are able to automatically transform C/C++ constructs into highly optimized parallel and pipelined architectures. Such approaches work fine when the control flow is a priory known since the computation results in a large dataflow graph that can be mapped into the available operators. Nevertheless, some applications have a control flow that is highly dependant on the data. This paper focuses on the hardware implementation of such applications and presents a high level synthesis methodology applied to a Hardware Description Language (HDL) in which assignments correspond to self-synchronized connections between predefined data streaming sources and sinks. A data transfer occurs over an established connection when both source and sink are ready, according to their synchronization interfaces. Founded on a high-level communicating FSM programming model, the language allows the user to describe and dynamically modify streaming architectures exploiting spatial and temporal parallelism. Our compiler attempts to maximize the number of transfers at each clock cycle and automatically fixes the potential combinatorial loops induced by the dynamic connection of dependant sources and sinks. The methodology is applied to the synthesis of a pipelined floating point accumulator using the Delayed-Buffering (DB) reduction method. The results we obtain are similar to state-of-the-art dedicated architectures but require much less design time and expertise.


With the wear, rail profiles will change and influence the wheel/rail contact condition. The rail profiles of a selected sharp curve, with both passenger and freight running on it, are measured after different periods. A large number of wheel profiles from freight vehicles and passenger vehicles running on the selected curve are measured too. The wheel/rail conformal contact probabilities and steering abilities of the rails in different periods are calculated. According to the vehicle dynamical simulation results, the distribution of wheel/rail contact points and rolling contact fatigue indices on rail are analyzed and the simulation results are compared with the rail surface status.The results indicate that the probability of wheel/rail conformality and the steering ability of guide wheelsets descend first and then rise with rail wear, as well as the steering ability of non-guide wheelsets weakened gradually. The contact bands of high rail expand from 25 mm to 45 mm, and the contact bands of low rail expand from 27 mm to 45 mm. With the rail wear, the contact frequency of top rail and gauge corner increased and the contact frequency of rail shoulder decreased. The accumulation rolling contact fatigue damage indices in rail surface descend firstly and then rise with wear, and the fatigue damage area expand even out of the top of rail.


ABSTRACT
 Before Congress passed the Clean Water Act of 1972, municipalities throughout the United States discharged hazardous municipal and industrial wastes directly into rivers and other waterways. Every chemical and biological agent linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, including those linked to "autism spectrum disorders" (ASDs), spilled into coastal waters and settled on the bottoms of the oceans. The solution to pollution was dilution. To comply with the Clean Water Act of 1972, President Carter created wastewater treatment plants throughout the United States to extract heavy metals and toxic organic chemicals from water and concentrate them in sewage sludges that were dumped offshore and buried in landfills. In 1988, Congress banned ocean dumping of sewage sludges because of their potential for causing vaccine-derived polio epidemics. Suddenly, high concentrations of every heavy metal, toxic organic chemical and vaccine-derived viruses linked to autism, including rubella and cytomegalovirus, had no place to go but land. The solution to pollution shifted from diluting pollutants in water to concentrating them on land at hundreds of thousands to millions of times higher concentrations, including on commercial farms that produce our nation's food supplies. Now, all of the most dangerous pollutants regulated by EPA no longer require biomagnification up the food chain to harm public health. Promoted by EPA and the USDA as safe and environmentally beneficial, land application practices quickly spread worldwide. Here, the author relies largely, albeit not exclusively, on EPA's own research to address the implications. As a whole, it indicates that the global shift that EPA's 503 Sludge Rule created in the accumulation of pollutants from ocean sediments to populated land surfaces is causally related to sharp increases in the incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders worldwide. Autism in its severe infantile form is more or less at the center of this entire class of disorders that appears to have become epidemic beginning in late 1988. EPA dismissed controversial claims linking MMR vaccination to autism, but never addressed the role that widespread land application of sewage sludges (a.k.a. biosolids), which contain highly virulent strains of vaccine-derived measles, rubella and other viruses, may play in autism. Notwithstanding this glaring omission, the global shift that EPA policies on biosolids created in human exposures to complex mixtures of measles, rubella and other viruses derived from live vaccines, combined with high concentrations of potentially every heavy metal and chemical pollutant linked to autism, could explain sharp increases in the incidences of autism and other ASDs that began in 1988.


Attic tombs in the VII Century BC, especially in the Kerameikos, are distinguished by primary cremation and, over all, by the presence of offering trenches with banquet pottery. These elite burials show a sharp tendency to heroization which could be related with the practice of commensality and pottery destruction in the tomb.


From the discussion, it can be concluded that residual soils, or at least those of granite origin, behave like overconsolidated soils with their preconsolidation pressures predominately controlled by the interparticle bonding and consequently the degree of weathering. As the material becomes more weathered, the primary bonding is gradually destroyed or partially replaced by the secondary bonding which deteriorates upon soaking. For soils with low degree of weathering the primary bonding effect predominates and the preconsolidation pressure could be extremely high. Thus, they should be treated as rocks. For soils with high degree of weathering and predominantly secondary bonding effect, their preconsolidation pressures vary with the degree of weathering. They can be treated as overconsolidated soils with their behaviour greatly influenced by soaking which acts like weathering in reducing the preconsolidation pressure of the soil.(A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 820605.


Bullying among children and adolescents is an issue of great concerns but is frequently overlooked and sparsely researched in Pakistan. Bullying is defined as repeated acts or behaviors that are performed intentionally to harm another individual physically, verbally, or by social means (1). A recent study conducted in Pakistan estimated that approximately 33.7% of adolescents report being physically abused while 57% are verbally abused (1). Another study suggested that 90.8% of boys and 75.3% of girls have been a victim of peer violence on more than one occasion while 46.4% of girls and 72.6% of boys have been involved in acts of both perpetration and victimization (2).


Based on the complex movement of satellite platform, we take the impacts on spectral imaging by pitch, roll and yaw into account. Then point spread matrix calculation principle is put forward, which takes transform the POS data into point spread matrix. According to this theory, we proposed the concept of pseudo cross-correlation to set up the model of spectral imaging degradation based on the pseudo cross-correlation, which combines the point spread matrix and original spectral data by the concept of pseudo cross-correlation. And in this method, the process of spectral imaging degradation is formed, which improve the existing problem of spectral imaging degradation based on the complex movement of satellite platform. The simulation results show that this kind of degradation theory is suitable for solving the problem of spectral imaging degradation based on the complex satellite platform movement completely.


Electron energy probability functions measured with a passively compensated Langmuir probe in asymmetric capacitively coupled hydrogen and deuterium plasmas exhibit structure. The otherwise relatively continuous distribution appears to have an abrupt peak in electron density near 5 eV. This structure occurs at a higher energy in deuterium than hydrogen and there is a correlation between floating potential and the voltage at which the structure is observed in the second derivative of the I(V) characteristic. While the cause of the structure has yet to be clarified, spectroscopic observations and computer-based hydrogen models indicate that the high energy tail of the distribution is strongly modulated during the radio frequency cycle. The effect of this modulation on plasma properties and probe measurements has yet to be explored.


Society's expectations for an increased role in science agenda setting and greater returns on public science investments shift university management practices. Entrepreneurial university, new public management, and sociology of science literatures inform the changing expectations about the roles and norms that govern university management and scientists' behaviours but scholars have paid limited attention to societal responses when those changing roles and norms are employed. We examine societal responses towards managerial prerogative in managing scientists in public universities. Content analysis of media data from six cases of universities in Denmark and New Zealand demonstrates extended societal engagement regarding organisation-related topics, a division of opinion regarding managerial prerogative towards sanction of scientists' behaviours, and constrained ability of employers and employees to engage in public debate due to employment law issues. Implications for researchers and university managers engaging with society and the role of communication competencies to achieve the third mission are discussed.


The historical and future storm surge climate over the South China Sea Sunda Shelf was derived using a barotropic two dimensional model. The atmospheric forcings were obtained from the UKMO regional climate modeling system, PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies), forced at the boundary by the ECHAM4 simulation output under the SRES A2 emission experiment. In general, the model simulates historical sea surface elevation characteristics satisfactory although there is a substantial underestimation for the sea level elevation at local scales. The climate change analysis suggests that the storm surge extreme over the Sunda Shelf is expected to increase along the coastal area of the Gulf of Thailand and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia in the future (2071 – 2100). The projected increment is averagely ~9% over the Sunda Shelf region by the end of the 21st century corresponding to about 5% stronger wind speed as compare to the baseline period of 1961-1990.


Ice‐phase cloud microphysical processes are very complicated, and there are still many uncertainties in current microphysics parameterization schemes. In this study, two alternative ice crystal deposition/sublimation (ICDS) parameterizations, following the Harrington et al., Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1995, 52, 4344–4366 and Koenig, Monthly Weather Review, 1972, 100, 417–423 methods, were implemented into the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) Single‐Moment 6‐class Microphysics (WSM6) scheme in the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) regional operational model to investigate their impact on overestimation of snowfall over North China. The results show that the snowfall amount and cloud particle composition are very sensitive to the ICDS parameterization. Sensitivity tests with WSM6 using the Harrington and Koenig ICDSs, referred to as WSM6_H and WSM6_K, respectively, notably reduced overestimation of the snowfall amount and simulated more realistic supercooled cloud water content compared with ERA5 reanalysis data. The vertical distributions, intensities, and duration of radar echoes simulated by WSM6_H are the most consistent with millimeter‐wavelength cloud radar observations. There is competition for water vapor in WSM6 due to the sequential order in which processes are updated. This tends to weaken the deposition of snow and graupel and the condensation of cloud water when the deposition of ice crystals is too strong in a cold region. In both WSM6_H and WSM6_K, the deposition processes of ice crystals are reduced and the other microphysical transformation processes become more active compared with WSM6. Overall, the WSM6_H configuration improves the forecast performance as evaluated by Taylor diagrams for eight snowfall days over North China. The ICDS parameterizations must therefore be handled carefully due to their large uncertainties in the development of the cloud microphysics schemes.


The Dynamic Isotope Power Systems (DIPS) demonstration program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) with support funding from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), is currently focused on the development of a standardized 2.5 kWe portable generator for multiple applications on the lunar or Martian surface. A variety of potential remote and mobile applications has been identified by NASA including surface rovers for both short and extended duration missions, remote power to science packages, and backup to central base power. Recent work focused on refining the 2.5 kWe design including assessing compatibility with the Martian environment to assure the design is suitable while imposing only a minor mass penalty on lunar operations. Additional work included a study performed to compare the DIPS with regenerative fuel cell systems for lunar mobile and remote power systems. Power requirements were reviewed and a modular system chosen for the comparison. Finally, a plan and cycle schematic were generated for an early demonstration of a prototypic isotope power Brayton system using the Antarctic as the test bed.


high-end professional camera. The success of the integration of TD in the Dutch healthcare system can be attributed to several aspects: 1 Pre-selection of cases for TD by the GP. The GP selects 25% of the patients he normally physically refers to the dermatologist for TD. 2 Teledermatology is fully reimbursed by the Dutch healthcare insurance system. Both GP and dermatologist receive a reimbursement for every TD consultation they perform. 3 Teledermatology consultations go to the same dermatologist as the conventional physical referrals ensuring the regional chain of care to stay intact. In the event, a physical referral is still needed after the teleconsultation, the patient is referred to the same dermatologist who handled the teleconsultation. 4 Teledermatology is educational as immediate feedback is given. The GPs feel that TD strengthens the professional relationship between GPs and dermatologists in the region and this interaction is experienced as educational. 5 Teledermatology is convenient. The store-and-forward design allows the GP and the dermatologists to handle a teleconsultation at the best-suited time in the day. Cameras, software, training and help service are provided by the telemedicine institution. PhD research in TD in The Netherlands clearly indicates improvement of triage at the GP level through prevention of physical referrals to the dermatologist and the detection of critical cases that might not have been referred by the GP without TD. Thus, the care provider most suitable for the severity of the patient's condition treats patients. Preliminary data based on 26 788 teleconsultations describe a reduction of 67% of the physical referrals to the dermatologist in the patient group preselected for TD by the GP. These data also show that an average response time of the dermatologist to a new teleconsultation is around 5 h. Most of Dutch GPs are situated in an urban setting; as a matter of fact, there are little rural areas. Teledermatology in The Netherlands therefore is not so much a solution to provide access to specialists for rural areas, but it is a solution to face increasing demand for specialist care. Overall, TD improves the quality of care. In agreement with the Nederlands Technische Afspraak (National Technical Agreement) on telemedicine quality aspects at the level of care provision, the patient is receiving proper care, in good time, at the best location and from the proper actor.


A safety rail (2) included in a system for protecting a person from fatal falls from a structure is arranged for fastening along passage (21,22,23) on the structure, wherein the safety rail (2) is arranged for co-operation with a moveable traveller (3) having a fastener (4) for co-operation with the safety line, and wherein the safety rail (2) exhibits means for locking the traveller (3) in a locking direction (S). The safety rail exhibits on one edge a plurality of hook elements (7) each one with a hook surface (8) directed essentially opposite to the locking direction (S) for locking engagement with the traveller (3). A second edge has alternating inward bends (6) and outward protrusions (5). Each inward bend (6) and each hook element (7) are positioned opposite to each other, and each outward protrusion (5) is positioned opposite to a portion (10) between two hook elements (7). The invention also relates to a traveller and a system.


Understanding the exciton many-body interactions and their recombination dynamics in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are important for potential applications in optoelectronics and valleytronics. Herein, using ultrafast non-degenerate transient differential reflectance spectroscopy, we studied exciton interactions in WS2 single crystal. Spectrally and temporally resolved studies revealed the strong interrelated excitonic interactions of A, B and C excitons and associated transient stark blueshift and broadening of exciton resonances. Additionally, we observed an unusual prolonged decay of direct band-gap exciton (A exciton) with fluence, which interprets the presence of trap state in the system. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of material's intrinsic properties and exciton many-body physics which offers efficient pathways to optoelectronic applications based on TMDCs.


The author of the article shows the directions of forming of preschool upbringing in Siberia at the beginning of the 20th century. Basing on the analysis of the historical and pedagogical literature and archives, the author distinguishes the main types of preschool institutions, which spread in Siberia at the beginning of the 20th century, forms and methods of working with preschool children.


Salt-affected soils are steadily expanding in arid and semi-arid regions, as is the case in Jordan, due to climatic conditions, water shortage and nonsustainable agricultural practices. The restoration of productivity of such soils in a sustainable way is an urgent need to fulfill the ever-increasing food demands. For this purpose, fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were grown in soil columns to investigate the influence of phyto-ameliorating a saline-sodic soil brought from Al-Karameh, Jordan Valley (EC 1:1 60 dS m-1, SAR 23.1, pH 1:1 7.6) on salt removal efficiency without soil leaching, i.e. removal of greater amounts of salts from soil with less amount of water in a relatively short time (65 days). This approach has not been experimented yet. Cropped soil was irrigated (but not leached) with 200-300 µS cm -1 water, whereas the control treatment was a leached uncropped soil. Fodder beet was significantly more efficient salt and Na includer than barley. In the harvested aboveground biomass, fodder beet removed Na 156 kg ha -1 while barley removed 75 kg ha -1 representing 12% of the total amount of removed Na from the topsoil (10-cm deep) for the two crops. Phyto-amelioration significantly enhanced soil aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity in the topsoil as compared to leaching treatment in which both physical properties became even lower than those of the original soil. Thus, significant removal of salts from topsoil (Na, Ca+Mg, K and Cl tons ha-1) was enhanced, particularly in case of fodder beet, as compared to leaching treatment with respect to the original soil leading to higher salt removal efficiency. Consequently, soil EC was 70, 61 and 57% less than that of the original soil for soil cultivated with beet, barley and leached control, respectively. SAR was, however, significantly reduced by fodder beet by 37% compared to barley and leaching treatment (6.0% less) with respect to the original soil. Therefore, it is concluded that fodder beet is a potential candidate for rapid and efficient phyto-amelioration of saline-sodic soils without leaching, leading thus to saving plentiful amounts of irrigation water.


Contemporary public sector managers increasingly have the responsibility of acquiring, organizing and managing critical and sensitive information. The data is used by managers to make decisions which support the organizations mission and help achieve its stated goals and objectives. As public sector managers assume a greater role in collecting, managing and organizing data they increasingly take on the responsibilities of management information systems (MIS) administrator. Today, public sector organizations expect managers to be able to effectively manage information systems and this requires a particular set of skills. It also significantly expands the role of the contemporary public sector manager. This article examines the appropriate role of public sector managers with regards to managing information systems. This article also examines the impact this expanded role assumed by public sector managers has on efficiency, effectiveness and productivity in public sector organizations.


Machine learning models have been widely used for flood simulation. Few studies have compared the flood simulation capabilities of machine learning models and hydrologic models. This study compared the flood simulation capabilities of the SIMHYD hydrologic model and the LSTM machine learning model in 232 basins with different climate conditions. The results show that although the LSTM model significantly outperforms the SIMHYD model in the calibration period, it has significant performance degradation in the validation period. Basin characteristics had limited impacts on the performance difference between the LSTM model and the SIMHYD model. The extension of the calibration period improves the performance of the LSTM model, while it has a limited impact on the performance of the SIMHYD model. Thus, machine learning models are recommended for simulating floods if enough training data are available, otherwise, hydrologic models could be a better choice. This study is helpful to the choice of flood simulation models in different situations.


For the frequent occurrence of structural damage and abnormal conditions in the aircraft structural fatigue test, this paper puts forth a condition monitoring method for aircraft structural fatigue test based on PCA algorithm. First, PCA theory is introduced and its principle is deduced. Second, combined with the characteristics of aircraft structural fatigue test, the off-line principal component model of fatigue test under normal condition is established, in which the static measurement data is treated as the training sample set. According to T2 statistic and statistical test theory, the detection index is constructed to realize abnormal state recognition. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a test case.


Prevention of risky behaviours in children and adolescents consists in organizing activities, addressed to young people, the aim of which will be to eliminate or reduce the frequency of showing anti-health or problem-related behaviours by them. It is implemented not only by institutions and organizations that provide psychological and therapeutic help or preventive activities, but also by schools. During the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused enormous changes in the psychosocial functioning of adolescents, the preventive activity of schools changed its dimension and was transferred to a virtual space. Its example, created in one of rural primary schools, is the "Edu_akcja ENTER" project addressed to children and youth from grades IV-VIII, preventing risky behaviours among students and using distance learning methods. In its assumptions, it uses the philosophy of positive prevention, based on the use of resources and potential of students in the process of their education and upbringing.
The aim of this article is to outline the problem of undertaking risky behaviours by children and adolescents in the context of remote education and to describe a preventive project implemented in primary schools in the Dobrzyniewo Duże commune, which may be an inspiration for teachers, educators, pedagogues who carry out tasks in the field of counteracting risky behaviours of students.


Objective:BRAF T1799A mutation may affect the growth style of thyroid cancer and the prognosis of patient.Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) are closely correlated with tumor metastasis.This study mainly investigate the relation of BRAF T1799A mutation of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) with expression of PDGF,VEGF and tumor growth style.Methods:The study analyzed the gene of 116 PTC patients,and randomly selected 30 BRAF T1799A positive and negative patients respectively.BRAF T1799A mutation was analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-SSCP method,and the production was confirmed by gene sequencing.The expression of PDGF and VEGF was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results:There were 33 BRAF T1799A positive patients in the 116 patients.The positive rate was 28.4 %.The BRAF T1799A(+) PTC had a higher rate of extra-thyroidal invasion and Ⅲ/Ⅳ tumor stage when compared to BRAF T1799A(-) PTC(P0.05).Although BRAF T1799A(+) PTC tissues had higher expression levels of PDGF-B than BRAF T1799A(-) PTC tissues,expression levels of PDGF-A and VEGF in BRAF V600E(+) PTC were not significantly different from those of BRAF V600E(-) PTC(P0.05).After adjustments for age,sex,multivariate logistic regression analyses showed BRAF T1799A was positively correlated to extra-thyroidal invasion,Ⅲ/Ⅳ tumor stage and expression level of PDGF-B.Conclusion:BRAF T1799A mutation may affect the growth style of thyroid cancer;BRAF T1799A(+) PTC had a higher rate of extra-thyroidal invasion and poor clinical prognosis.


Bitter is widely used in the treatment of various diseases such as fever, gastric infections, respiratory infections, malarial fever, insect repellent, diabetic complications, protects against liver diseases, angiosplastic patients. However, its effect on the reproductive system, especially on the female reproductive system is contr asrographolide isolated from bitter (A. paniculata) has anticancer activity through the mechanism of apoptosis a HeLa. Ovarium is a very important reproductive organs in the animal reproductive system. as a producer of ova, estrogen and progesterone. The research was conducted at Zoology Laboratory and Animal Home Laboratory of FMIPA Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 6 repetitions. The treatment used was control, given with bitoto extract of 0.2 g / B day, 0.4 g / BB / head / day, and 0.6 g / BB / head / day. The treatment was carrie mouse, then made histology of each treatment and observations included measurement of ovarian weight and size, number of prim follicles, secondary follicles, tertiary follicles, De Graaf follicle mice. The data were analyzed using the Analysis of Variable Fingerprint (ANOVA), if significantly different then it will be c with BNT advanced test with 5% level. The results of this study showed that, giving oral administration of oral extract for 12 days did not affect the histology of the ovaries mice statistically, but tended to have an effect on increasing the number of tertiary follicles in the ovaries of mice.


Objective
To observe any effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on cognitive dysfunction caused by traumatic brain injury, and to explore possible neural mechanisms.

Methods
Sixty-four patients with cognitive impairment after a traumatic brain injury were randomly divided into a hyperbaric oxygen group (n=32) and a control group (n=32) using a random number table. Both groups accepted routine medical therapy and cognitive rehabilitation training, but the hyperbaric oxygen group additionally received hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Both groups′ cognitive functioning was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) before and after the treatment. Fifteen patients were randomly selected from both groups to receive T1WI and diffusion tensor imaging scans. The correlation between the two evaluation results was analyzed.

Results
After the intervention, improvement was observed in the average MMSE and MoCA scores of both groups, with the improvement in both average scores in the hyperbaric oxygen group significantly greater than among the control group. There was no significant correlation between the fractional anisotropy (FA) values of damaged white matter and the average MMSE or MoCA score in the control group, but in the hyperbaric oxygen group there were significant positive correlations between the FA values of the corpus callosum, the anterior limb of the internal capsule and the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and the average MMSE and MoCA scores.

Conclusions
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with rehabilitation training can further improve cognition after a traumatic brain injury. This is probably due to its adjusting the structure and function of the corpus callosum, of the anterior limb of the internal capsule and of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus.

Key words:
Hyperbaric oxygen; Brain injury; Cognitive dysfunction; Diffusion tensor imaging


According to statistics at the beginning of 2019, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common type of injury and one of the main causes of disability in Russia. The main risk group are people, mostly men, aged 21-45 years. The consequences of injuries can be very different - from the banal headache characteristic of concussions, ending with complete disability in severe cases of TBI. The paper describes the clinical testing of the «SONOMED 315-R» echoencephalograph, produced by JSC "Spectromed", as well as the feasibility of its implementation in the medical organizations of the Ministry of defense of Russia, given the high incidence of traumatic brain injuries and the actual lack of available to medical workers fast and accurate methods of diagnosis of dislocation syndrome. The device was used in the diagnosis of dislocation syndrome in 35 patients with combined traumatic brain injury and in 3 patients with brain tumors. Thus at victims with the combined trauma survey was carried out in various time intervals. This study reflects the current clinical and organizational promising directions to improve the results of treatment of the wounded (2 figs, 2 tables, bibliography: 14 refs).


The new generation of low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite constellation systems has the characteristics of low delay, strong signal and global coverage, and it is an important direction for the development of next-generation communication technology. A major disadvantage is that the constellation system is huge, often composed of hundreds or thousands of satellites, which puts forward high requirements for the design and health management of the constellation system, and the existing telemetry data monitoring system cannot meet the actual needs. CPS is a multidimensional complex system that integrates computation, communication and control (3C). Through the deep integration and cooperation of 3C, the real-time monitoring and dynamic control of large-scale engineering systems are realized, which is completely suitable for the operation and maintenance requirements of the satellite constellation system. This paper firstly establishes the entire satellite constellation system model, which is integrated from the satellite multidomain system, the constellation orbit environment system and the communication link system. Then, according to the technical concept of cyber-physical systems (CPS), an implementation framework of a prognostics and health (PHM) system driven by a model–data hybrid for satellite constellation systems is proposed. The framework is based on model simulation data and telemetry data and combines virtual and real data fusion, fault diagnosis, simulation prediction and other technologies to generate enhanced data to drive the effective operation of the PHM system. Finally, a verification case is designed to prove that the satellite constellation health management system implemented under this framework has a positive effect on the reliable operation and maintenance of the satellite constellation system.


The effect of the various design factors on the production rate in a parallel line is discussed by a Markov model and the difference of the effect between parallel lines and series lines is represented. A simple and effective scale is proposed to evaluate the availability of a parallel line and the production rate of a parallel line is approximately estimated by the scale and the relation between the production rates and the buffer capacities in a series line.


Case studies resulting from power room monitoring performed by on-site microprocessor monitoring devices which are plooed by the Central Office Power Monitor System (COPM) are presented. Data Base Tabulations, graphs and alarm notification procedures fron the use of thisa system in use within 14 major Central Offices in the Bell of Pennsylvania. Liberty Region are described. These case studies detail the qualitative improvement in the maintanance costs, reliability, and cost of operations whithin the network support operations. Variations in building power consumption and efficiency of power plant operations are analyzed. Details of the system architecture and software design concepts used for the COPM system are also described.


The operation performance of weapon and equipment of modern warship is promoted observably for the introduction of high technologies.As the complexity of technologies improving,the logistic problem is arisen.It has restricted the progress of equipments and influenced the combat efficiency.In this article,based on the life cycle character of warship equipment research and manufacture,combined with the new theory on integrated logistic engineering,after defining the basic conception involving in warship equipment integrated logistic engineering research,the top-level frame of warship equipment integrated logistic engineering is presented to satisfy the requirements of collectivity development from equipment purchase strategy and engineering means two aspects.And the primary logistic tasks during the life cycle of warship equipment are concluded.In order to facilitate logistics as a performance requirement to be brought out in the new type warship equipment manufacture,this research offers a basis for the integrated logistic investigation and consultation for decision.


Fiber-reinforced composites have received great attention from researchers and scientists worldwide due to their attractive material characteristics. They have been widely used for various applications such as aerospace, automobile, civil infrastructure, and marine. Fibers (in the forms of roving, yarn, woven, etc.) reinforced with polymer matrix are known to result in enhanced mechanical properties of the composites. There are two basic types of fibers including natural and man-made fibers (a.k.a. synthetic or artificial fibers). Natural fibers such as flax, jute, and sisal have low densities compared to synthetic counterparts. They have acceptable specific strength/stiffness and relatively high elongations at breaking. The advantages of natural-fiber composites (a.k.a. green or fully-biocomposites) over synthetic fiber-based composites include low cost, light weight, abundantly available from renewable resources, environmentally friendly, biodegradability, recyclability, and renewability. On the other hand, synthetic fibers such as aramid, basalt, carbon, glass, and nylon are more durable and stronger than most natural fibers. Synthetic-fiber composites have thus been used in highperformance applications such as automobile and aircraft industries (Ramamoorthy et al., 2015). The major disadvantages of synthetic-fiber composites (synthetic fibers


The objective of the paper is to define the design requirements for rapid transit crossties as compared with crossties for railroad services. In one section the importance of the transit crosstie is identified, the significant differences between the transit and railroad versions are compared, and the materials used for transit crossties are reviewed. In the second section the application of concrete ties to transit tracks is addressed. The specific requirements of tie design parameters, the rail fastening system, and other hardware were considered. In addition, installation methods and equipment, special applications, and factors that influence first cost and life-cycle costs were identified.


Image is one of the most important characteristics of Chinese ancient poetry,that is to say,poetry should be represented by the metaphorical images.Because of the great differences existed in different cultures,the metaphorical meaning of images will be inevitably lost in translating.Therefore,when reconstructing the metaphorical images,translators should adopt the compensating method creatively in order to minimize the loss of the metaphorical meaning of images.


The present study was carried out to develop cholesterol-reduced and gamma linolenic acid (GLA)-added butter and to examine the changes in chemical and sensory properties, and cholesterol lowering effect of GLA addition. The cholesterol removal rate reached 93.2% by β-cyclodextrin in butter before GLA addition. The thiobarbituric acid value of cholesterol-reduced and GLA-added butter increased slowly up to 4 week and plauteaued thereafter. TBA value was significantly increased with 2% GLA addition, compared with no GLA addition. The production of short-chain free fatty acids (FFA) increased with storage in all treatments. From 4 weeks storage, the amount of short-chain FFA in 2% GLA-added group was significantly higher than those in other groups. Among sensory characteristics, color, greasiness and overall acceptability were mostly affected by GLA addition, however, the rancidity value of 2% GLA addition was significantly different from those of control and GLA-unadded and cholesterol-reduced butter at 0, 6 and 8 week storage. Among groups, no difference was found in texture in all storage periods. The smallest increase of total blood cholesterol in rats was found in the group fed 2% GLA-added and cholesterol-reduced butter for 8 week, compared with that in controls. The present results showed the possibility of cholesterol-reduced and GLA-added butter development without much difference in chemical, rheological and sensory properties, and indicated a slow increase effect on blood total cholesterol in rats. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 11 : 1646-1654)


The CCM (Continuous Conduction Mode) boost topology is generally used in the PFC (Power Factor Correction) regulator of household air-con야tioning systems. There are three kinds of power devices rectifier diodes, FRDs (Fast Recovery Diodes), and IGBTs (or MOSFETs) - used in a boost PFC regulator. Selecting the appropriate device is very cumbersome work, specially, in the case of FRDs and IGBTs, because there are several considerations as described below:
1) High frequency leakage current regulation(conducted and radiated EMI regulation)
2) Power losses and thermal design
3) Device cost.
It should be noted that there are trade-offs between the power loss characteristic of 2) and the other characteristics of 1) and 3). This paper presents a detailed evaluation by using several types of power devices, which can be unintentionally used, to show that optimal selection can be achieved. Based on the given thermal resistances, thermal analysis and design procedures are also described from a practical viewpoint


Methyl bromide saturation anomalies measured in the springtime North Atlantic and summertime North Pacific Oceans during 1998 revealed persistent supersaturations in the temperate waters of the northeastern Atlantic but undersaturations in tropical waters of both oceans. A comparison of data from this study with those from a previous cruise to the northeastern Atlantic suggests that methyl bromide is cycled seasonally in these waters and perhaps in all temperate open-ocean waters. This means that the calculated net flux of methyl bromide into the oceans is slightly less negative than previously reported. With these new insights we estimate that the global air-sea flux of methyl bromide ranges from −11 to −20 Gg yr−1. Data combined from this and three previous cruises support a flux dependence upon sea surface temperature, as reported recently by Groszko and Moore [1998]. Whereas sea surface temperature can account for 40–70% of the observed variability in methyl bromide globally, it is able to reproduce only a small fraction of the observed seasonal cycle in the temperate northeastern Atlantic. The development of reliable predictions of air-sea fluxes of methyl bromide will require information on additional variables as well.


It was very critical for improving the quality and quantity of HA to select a high hyaluronic acid-producing stain.A selected mutant,designated as Streptococcus equi FJ-23 was selected from wild-type Streptococcus equi SH-0 by UV and NTG inducing mutagenesis,which did not produce streptolysin or hyaluronidase.The mutant could produce HA seven times as much as the original strain.Hyaluronic acid productivity and its relative molecular weight of the mutant kept stable after 6 generations of reproduction,which displayed perfect genetic stability.The research laid a good foundation for the further study on producing HA by fermentation.


Oral expression becomes the main topic of discussion of this academic essay, communicative competence in many cases of academic performance, becomes one of the key causes for the student to demonstrate that it has reached learning achievements required for promoting a school to another period.


We discuss how three middle school urban math teachers, responded to their students when confronted with difficulty in understanding their mathematical thinking during class. We highlight the ideas encountered, how they were addressed during class, and the teachers' own understanding of the math. We also elaborate on their thoughts and perceptions about the decisions, including their reflections on their own mathematical thinking during subsequent debriefing sessions. Our findings indicate that the teachers tended to highlight the ideas that they seemed to understand, and became frustrated by their inability to understand and interpret other ideas and/or misconceptions. Further, they felt disappointed in themselves for not being better able to respond to their students in more mathematically sound ways. On the bright side, they resolved to be more diligent in considering a wider variety of potential student solution trajectories prior to class in the future, and to embrace the fact that they may not always understand the many unique solutions and strategies that arise. They also became more accepting of the fact that when students develop and share their own ideas they may, in the process, develop different and/or incorrect ways of thinking, some of which will be difficult to understand at the time.


The title nanocrystals are prepared from mixtures of Et2Zn, manganese(II) cyclohexabutylate, and elemental Se dispersed in tri-n-octylphosphine (Ar, 300 °C).


The invention relates to a preparation method of pimavanserin. The preparation method takes 4-fluorobenzylamine as a raw material and comprises the following steps: performing reductive amination on the 4-fluorobenzylamine and N-methyl-4-piperidone; performing butt joint on the product and benzyl chloroformate; finally, reacting with 4-isobutoxybenzylamine to prepare the pimavanserin. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple, convenient and feasible, has high yield and good quality and is convenient for industrial production.


This document deals with a variant of the famous NP-hard vehicle routing problem called the Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery VRPSPD. In VRPSPD, the customer makes simul...


The invention relates to the field of wine brewing, and especially relates to a manufacturing method for a yeast for making hard liquor. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: moistening wheat and crushing to obtain wheat powder; adding a basic yeast powder into the wheat powder, uniformly stirring to obtain a yeast material; adding water to the yeast material and stamping the yeast to obtain yeast starters; and placing the yeast starters at intervals, spraying the basic yeast liquor and water to the surfaces of the yeast starters to obtain the yeast. According to the manufacturing method for the yeast for making hard liquor, during fermentation, the problem of security hidden trouble caused by combustion of straw mattresses does not exist. Additionally, during manufacture, the yeast for making hard liquor is subjected to processes of moistening, crushing, stamping and yeast starter fermentation, and the whole manufacture technology is controlled strictly, and therefore the manufactured yeast has strong aroma-producing capability and high quality.


Measurements of mean particle charges and charge distributions on High Volatile C Bituminous (HVCB) coals in a 51 mm ID grounded copper pipe loop have been made with the upgraded charge measuring and signal processing system. In all experiments conducted, electrostatic charges of coals exhibits a duel polarity. This is believed to be due to the non-uniformity of materials and the complexity of chemical composition contained in coals. The effect of particle concentrations (loadings) on the electrostatic charges was found to be of little importance. The implementation of the new charge measuring and signal processing system facilitated the measurements and control of electrostatic charges on coals and other powder materials. The signal processing procedure and system calibration have been established. 6 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.


Abstract 3841

The efficacy of azacitidine in the treatment of high risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (20–30% blasts) has been demonstrated. To investigate the efficacy of azacitidine in daily clinical practice and to identify predictors for response, we analyzed a cohort of 90 MDS, CMML and AML patients who have been treated in a Dutch compassionate patient named program.

Patients received azacitidine for a median of 5 cycles (range 1–19). The overall response rate (CR/PR/HI) was 57% in low risk MDS, 53% in high risk MDS, 50% in CMML, and 39% in AML patients. Median overall survival (OS) was 13.0 (9.8–16.2) months. In multivariate analysis we confirmed that circulating blasts (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.99; p=.05) and poor risk cytogenetics (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.22–0.91; p=.03) are independent predictors for OS. Interestingly, in this analysis we also identified platelet doubling after the first cycle of azacitidine as a simple and independent positive predictor for OS (HR 5.4, 95% CI 0.73–39.9; p=.10).

Of the 90 treated patients, 14 (16%) had an at least two-fold increase in platelet count after the first cycle of azacitidine, which was associated with significant better OS (p=.01, according to logrank test) ([figure][1]). Of these 14 patients 13 could be classified according the azacitidine prognostic scoring system for OS as recently proposed by Itzykson et al. (Blood:2011;117:403); 6 patients belonged to the low risk and 7 to the intermediate risk group. Median baseline platelet count of these patients was 35 x109/L (range 2–290 x109/L). Characteristics of this subgroup of patients were not significantly different from the patients without platelet doubling. Interestingly, platelet doubling was observed in all cytogenetic risk groups, in patients with and without circulating blasts, and in patients who are transfusion dependent and independent.

In conclusion, routine administration of azacitidine to patients with variable risk groups of MDS, CMML and AML is feasible and subgroups with distinct efficacy of azacitidine treatment can be identified.

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Disclosures: Wijermans: Centocor Ortho Biotech Research & Development: Research Funding.

 [1]: #F1
 [2]: pending:yes


The article deals with the missionary situation in Italy. The A. studies the missionary conscience of the Catholic Church in Italy, the structures of collaboration among the missionary institutions in Italy, the impact of the missionary press as well as the role of missiology for the theological training offered in theological faculties and seminaries, leaving aside the Rome-based Pontifical Universities, which belong to a special setting. The period considered covers mainly the years since the encyclical Redemptoris missio (1991). The article makes available sources published in Italian and personal enquiries with ressource persons familiar with the theological and missiological disciplines. It analyzes strength and weakness of the missionary involvement and calls for changes in Italian pastoral work with a view to the missionary dimension.


We propose a new distributed Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) architecture for mobile networks, which we refer to as reconfigurable distributed MIMO (RD-MIMO), where the communicating mobile nodes temporarily recruit adjacent nodes to operate as distributed antenna arrays. To best serve the communicating nodes, the node clusters are continuously reconfigured due to the node mobility and varying channel conditions. The frequency of reconfiguration depends on the required system performance, exhibiting a tradeoff between performance and complexity. We propose a practical node selection scheme, which activates only a small subset of transmitters. We evaluate the asymptotic performance of the scheme as a function of the number of recruited nodes, demonstrating that there is an optimal number of such nodes. Compared with the system that blindly activates all available transmitting nodes, our results show that the proposed RD-MIMO architecture with node selection achieves superior performance, especially as evident at low SNR. Furthermore, assuming the Brownian motion model, an analytical expression for the reconfiguration time to select a new cluster of transmitting nodes is obtained. Numerical results show that the obtained expression serves as a good estimation for the order of magnitude of the cluster reconfiguration time for other mobility patterns, such as the random walk model.


Future wars must be educated and informationable ,the number of troops and weaponry warring sides not only deciding factors, access to information, Application and processing capacity is also critical. As the main channel of information transmission, computer networks will be the key to the future extension of the battlefield. The network is based on the IPv4 protocol, IPv4 addresses are facing depletion, routing bottleneck problems network security and quality of service is hard to guarantee, but the Western powers in control of the core agreement, a serious threat to China's information security. IPv6 IP address capacity, safety, quality of service, mobility and other aspects, as well as its development prospects. The core network will become a 21st century military technologies.


The Purpose of this study was to investigate development of anxiety in adult years. The Stale-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered to 1234 men and women from a representative community sample with their ages ranging from 25 to 92 years old. It was found that anxiety declined linearly throughout the adult lifespan. Sex difference was also observed in trait anxiety, with women showing higher anxiety than men. Men's professions had effects on males while did women's education on females. Development of anxiety and differential effects of background factors on anxiety between sexes were discussed with relation to personality development.


Constrained optimization is used to derive human postures and movements. In the first study a static 3D model with 30 muscle groups is used to analyse postures. The activation levels of these muscl ...


The environmental impact of the construction sector is significant making it necessary to adopt sustainable solutions for energy upgrades of buildings. Furthermore, the use of advanced eco-materials to improve the energy efficiency of buildings has been shown to provide better energy conserving results than conventional upgrading materials, contributing directly to the improvement of the comfort level of building occupants. This study investigates the public view in Greece regarding energy upgrades of buildings using eco-materials. A mixed methods research approach was employed based on a questionnaire survey investigating the public's knowledge of the need, the benefits of using eco-materials and the motivation required to renovate the buildings they live and work in to a higher energy efficient standard. Although technologies in advanced eco-materials have increased, the survey showed that, regardless of the existence of government subsidies, the general public in Greece is unaware of the importance of and benefits from upgrading their buildings with eco-materials. As a result, there is an urgent need to embark on more rigorous environmental awareness campaigns to support local authorities in implementing sustainability policies, like the use of eco-materials for the energy efficiency improvement of buildings, to create sustainable and healthy cities.


The article discuss and analyze the traditional features of the Chinese piano piece Pinghu Qiuyue on the aspects of music form, modes, harmony, texture, and melody. And it also discoursed upon its dramatic progress and the skill of the performance in details.


The aim of this study was to demonstrate features predictive of treatment response for patient‐tailored overactive bladder (OAB) intervention with an implantable tibial neurostimulator using patient and technical prediction factors.


Poisoning with carbon monoxide and other combustion products is one of the key factors causing human injuries in fire conditions. Acyzol, a carbon monoxide antidote, has been developed to provide pharmaceutical protection of humans and expand the scope of medical care for exposed individuals. This report has described some results of our studies aimed at developing optimum drug forms of acyzol for oral administration.


The invention discloses an integrated horizontal crimping machine. The integrated horizontal crimping machine comprises an integrated mounting box and a metal plate body, wherein the metal plate body is transversely and detachably suspended to the integrated mounting box, an oil tank is arranged at the bottom of the integrated mounting box, and an electric control device, an oil way connecting pipe fitting and an oil way converter are arranged in the integrated mounting box. The integrated mounting box is used for mounting various complicated auxiliary facilities such as the oil way pipe fitting and the like, a crimping assembly is mainly mounted in the metal plate body and used for completing crimping of a workpiece, the work division is clear, the size is substantially reduced, the oil tank is arranged at the bottommost part, and the size of the whole machine cannot be increased on the basis that the oil amount is increased; the integrated mounting box and the metal plate body are detachably mounted and are easy to assemble and maintain.


questioning. He looks at China and the Chinese with very clear eyes, rare in an author who is also clearly addicted to the country and the people. His closest friends are writers and artists, and his own story is \ interspersed with writings by Chinese friends; these two aspects of the f book complement each other well. Finally, he has a painter's eye, and | frequently describes scenery with breathtaking beauty and originality. | ELIZABETH WRIGHT f


Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the second most frequent valve disease world wide and comprises organic or primary and functional or secondary MR. Secondary MR is caused by pathologic remodeling of the left ventricle or valve apparatus


Carbon and boron composites replace alloys in structures. Their favorable weight to strength ratio should not be impaired by additional metallic ground planes for antennas. Foremost comes lightning protection as these materials cannot handle energy surges. In cooperation with the Lightning and Transient Research Institute, Minneapolis, metal strip protection was developed. These double as ground plane improvement and new microstrip antenna elements are developed along with it. Microstrip radiators were developed to be distributed over complex curved surfaces to form resonant arrays.


This article examines the internet and social media which are increasingly used by the public, especially among teenagers.  Through digital technology, people are constantly connected to each other. Along with the rise of various risky behaviors and crimes that use information technology, both as a means and a target. Based on doctrinal studies, the results show that regulations related to information technology and the internet have not yet reached digital platform providers in creating a secure digital space.  Sanctions and penalties for law violations and crimes are only intended for social media users. Efforts to create a safe and civilized digital space are carried out through policy breakthroughs, both at the ministry level and law enforcement agencies.   The vulnerability of adolescents to threats in the digital space needs to be overcome with the support of the family as the smallest unit of society, through strengthening digital literacy.  Digital skills are expected to improve youth's ability to use the internet and social media for productive and useful activities. Digital literacy policies for teenagers are not only the responsibility of the state, but also the community, educators, and families.


In this paper, we study the strong continuity of definable functions in weakly $0$ -minimal structures with the strong cell decomposition property. Throughout this paper, "definable" means "definable possibly with pa-rameters" and we assume that a structure $ \mathcal{M}=(M, <, \ldots)$ is a dense linear ordering $ <$ without endpoints. A subset $A$ of $M$ is said to be convex if $a,$ $b \in A$ and $c \in M$ with $a <c<b$ then $c \in A$ . Moreover if $A= \emptyset$ or $ \inf A,$ $supA \in M\cup\{-\infty, +\infty\}$ , then $A$ is called an interval in $M$ . We say that $ \mathcal{M}$ is $0$ -minimal (weakly $0$ -minimal) if every definable subset of $M$ is a finite union of intervals (convex sets), respectively. $A$ theory $T$ is said to be weakly $0$ -minimal if every model of $T$ is weakly $0$ -minimal. The reader is assumed to be familiar with fundamental results of $0$ -minimality and weak $0$ -minimality; see, for example, [1], [2], [3], or [4]. For any subsets $C,$ $D$ of $M$ , we write $C <D$ if $c <d$ whenever $c \in C$ and $d \in D.$ $A$ pair $ \langleC,$ $D \rangle$ of non-empty subsets of $M$ is called a cut in $M$ if $C <D,$ $C \cup D=M$ and $D$ has no lowest element. $A$ cut $ \langleC,$ $D \rangle$ is said


Infants imitate behaviour flexibly. Depending on the circumstances, they copy both actions and their effects or only reproduce the demonstrator's intended goals. In view of this selective imitation, infants have been called rational imitators. The ability to selectively and adaptively imitate behaviour would be a beneficial capacity for robots. Indeed, selecting what to imitate is an outstanding unsolved problem in the field of robotic imitation. In this paper, we first present a formalized model of rational imitation suited for robotic applications. Next, we test and demonstrate it using two humanoid robots.


Can initial vocational training take place in france, within the framework of the school of the republic ? the history of the vocational school (lycee professionnel), the study of its system and its protagonists, the analysis of the state policies relating to the last decade highlight several important elements : the will to look after the most underpriviledged is at the origin of state action, for social, economic and political reasons. The establishment of an internal system and parties created for that purpose along with a tendency to ove away from the initial objectives : through a claim of alignment with systems considered more noble (technological education); by turning teachers into functiooaries, which makes them less familiar with the vital knowledge of industry ; through a raising: of the levers required of the students when entering and leaving school which make vocational colleges comparable to technological colleges, of the age of the pupils : adolescence from now on takes place for all of them, in school, with risks such as violence, drug, std. . . The pursuit of the impossible link between employment and training, at the very root of the existence of vocational colleges; an endeavour of collaboration, voluntary service, desire to act on the part of the firms without which the initial professional training has no future. These phenomena constitute a starting hypothesis which is confirmed throughout the research to lead to the following conclusion : the state doesn't know to act, is incapable of acting and does not want to act. The state does not know how to act : how to arouse people's interest in the problems of training whether they are in the schools or in the firms when they do not feel concerned? the state cannot act : budgetary constraints do not allow to pay tutors, training officers within the firms (at the rate of one tutor per pupil). The state does not want to act : doesn't this field come under private, contractual law ? apprenticeship is a contract of employment of a particular kind. In other words, has the vocational school such as it is, with objectives linked to employment still got any relevance ?


RATIONALE
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have worse clinical outcomes compared to patients without metabolic dysregulation. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) reduce asthma exacerbation risk and improve forced vital capacity in COPD.

OBJECTIVES
To determine whether GLP-1RA use is associated with reduced COPD exacerbation rates, and severe and moderate exacerbation risk, compared with other T2D therapies.

METHODS
Retrospective, observational, electronic health records-based study using an active comparator, new-user design of 1,642 patients with COPD at a U.S. health system (2012-2022). The COPD cohort was identified using a previously validated machine learning algorithm that includes a natural language processing tool. Exposures were defined as a prescription for GLP-1RAs (reference group), dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) or sulfonylureas.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Unadjusted COPD exacerbation counts were lower in GLP-1RA users. Adjusted exacerbation rates were higher in DPP-4i [IRR,1.48; 95% CI, (1.08 to 2.04); P=.02] and sulfonylurea [IRR, 2.09; 95% CI, (1.62 to 2.69); P <.0001] users compared to GLP-1RA users. GLP-1RA use was associated with significantly reduced risk of severe exacerbations compared to DPP-4i and sulfonylurea users, and of moderate exacerbations compared to sulfonylurea users. After adjustment for clinical covariates, moderate exacerbation risk was also lower in GLP-1RA compared to DPP-4i users. No significant difference in exacerbation outcomes was seen between GLP-1RA and SGLT2i users.

CONCLUSIONS
Prospective studies of COPD exacerbations in patients with comorbid T2D are warranted. Additional study may elucidate mechanisms underlying observed associations with T2D medications.


Abstract : Woman in doing it's role give great contributing to the economy of the family. Women as workers improve the economics of the family. Their role is as a housewife in the family child care. This does not prevent them to work outside. Women have an equally important role in the economy. It's starting from farming, a fisherman, working in factories and various world of work. His in involvement was not another to help the family economy resulting in the family welfare. In these roles women contribute their economic improvement, particularly women farmers and fishermen are the backbone of the family. They work from preparing seeds to marketing the corp. Similarly for women who choose the profession of fisherman conduct their activities from fishing to market it. This is done to improve the economy.


In the present work the problem of the attenuation of longitudinal sound oscillations in a conducting medium are considered. The proposed approach is based on the dynamic interaction of electron gas with the lattice vibrations. This interaction is manifested in the modification of kinetic equation for electrons. The process is accompanied by generation of an electric field.


The article does not cover in detail and exhaustively the processes of contemporary fine art. An attempt is made to present the individual trends and phenomena, analyzing their specifics and peculiarities. The development is made on the basic of theoretical analysis and explores the huge variety of forms of manifestation in art, focusing on some of them: kinetic art, op art, pop art, conceptual art, land art, anti-art, unconventional art, ready-made, happening and action, performance, installation, assemblage. The choice was dictated based on personal experience and interest of students studying contemporary art. Through the research it is aimed that the mentioned creative manifestations become more understandable and familiar, to awaken curiosity for new and deeper developments, and why not creative interpretations.


The Drilling Working Condition recognition is a new and challenging research task. We proposed a 3D attentional network based on dual-core modeling (DCM-3D) for recognizing the Drilling Working Condition. Exploring the uniformity and regularity of the drilling working conditions from multiple dimensions, the proposed DCM-3D Net employed the SlowFast framework and designed a 3D attention neural network based on dual-core modeling for effectively spatio-temporal modeling the long rectangular objects. According to the characteristics of the drilling movement and the video continuity, we designed the attention network module and data augmentation module. The experimental results proved that the proposed method effectively improves the performance of the Drilling Working Condition recognition, and surpassed the other state-of-the-art video recognition methods in this task.