All over the world the elderly population is growing continuously and it is projected that in the next few decades, most of the elderly people will be in the developing countries. Improvement in living standards and better medical facilities has led to a decline in mortality and higher life expectancy among geriatric population. 2001 census has shown that the elderly population of India accounted for 77 million.The elderly population aged 70 and above, which was only 8 million in 1961 rose to 21 million in 1991 and to 29 million in 2001.Ageing leads to number of medical problems, which could be attributed to various physiological changes occurring in all organs of the body. 1 The aim of the study was to observe the thyroid parameter in geriatric age group to contribute to the ongoing debate whether the normal TSH level should be reconsidered in view of the large no of subclinical hypothyroidism cases in elderly.


The monograph presents methods for calculating the dehydration of wet granular materials in industrial centrifuges, filter presses and vacuum filters under the influence of gravitational forces, as well as by purging the granular layer with dry air with elevated temperature; physical and mathematical models of gas absorption and the theory of capturing submicron dust by condensation in foam, centrifugal bubbling apparatus and hollow nozzle scrubbers, packing columns and tubular absorbers; physical and mathematical models of dry adsorption of gases in packing columns and flues by injecting a dispersed adsorbent into the flow are presented, a method for determining the phase equilibrium constants of sorption processes based on the developed models is proposed; physical and mathematical modeling and analysis of the combustion process of dispersed solid ash fuel in a four-stage cyclone gorenje is carried out. the furnace.
It can be useful in the educational process for a number of specialties, in particular thermal power engineering, chemical-technological, metallurgical profiles, environmentalists, as well as for researchers and graduate students and in engineering practice.


A multi-phase clock generation apparatus and a multi-phase clock generation method are provided to generate a correct multi-phase clock irrespective of an incorrect duty ratio by securing a desired delay time. A plurality of delay cells(310) are formed to generate a plurality of phase clocks having a constant phase difference within one period of a source clock. A clock multiplexing unit(350) outputs sequentially a first phase clock necessary for a first locking section of the phase clocks and a second phase clock necessary for a second locking section of the phase clocks, as selective clocks in response to a locking detection signal. A detection unit(360) detects phases of the selective clocks. A control voltage signal generation unit(370) generates a control signal corresponding to a detection signal as an output signal of the phase detection unit.


Abstract More than 50 years ago, Siebert, Peterson and Schramm (1956) penned their groundbreaking work, Four Theories of the Press, in which they articulated the ideals of social responsibility. However, the economic model for the media in the United States has changed dramatically since Four Theories was written. Consequently, there is a need for a new model that combines the high ideals and First Amendment considerations of social responsibility theory while recognizing the economic realities of today's mega-corporate environment. Social responsibility is a no less worthy goal today than it was 50 years ago; however, although the paradigm shift has occurred, the theoretical writing has not kept pace with the modern reality. This study proposes a new dual responsibility model that acknowledges the equal weight of the economic responsibility to the stakeholder, as well as the social responsibility to the audience.


Rice is a strictly self-pollinating crop. However, in hybrid rice seed production, an effective male sterility system is used to produce hybrid seed in bulk. In a hybrid rice system, the pollen grains of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines are sterile, and the female organ of the CMS depends on the fertile pollen released by the maintainer or restorer lines via out-crossing or cross-pollination to produce seeds. Floral traits and growth behavior of CMS and its corresponding maintainer and restorer lines are essential factors in hybrid rice seed production because they influence outcrossing or cross-pollination. Seeds of the 4 maintainer lines, or B lines, and the 5 restorer lines were treated with five gamma radiation doses: 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 Gy, to study their mutagenic effect on the growth, yield, and floral traits of these rice genotypes, as well as to induce genetic variability for selecting plants with desirable characters. Results showed that all growth, yield, and floral traits studied in the M1 generation decreased steadily with increasing doses of gamma rays when compared to the control. The dose of 300 Gy recorded the highest mean values for some growth, yield, and floral traits studied in the M2 generation when compared to the control. The genotype-dose interaction was significant and highly significant for all growth, yield, and floral traits studied in M1 and M2 segregating generations except for anther width in the M1 generation, which indicated that the tested genotypes varied from treatment to treatment. The highest values for growth and yield traits were recorded when using Giza 178, Giza 182, and the IR 58025B mutant with 300 Gy of gamma rays in the M2 segregating generation. And the highest values for floral traits were recorded when using Giza 182 and the IR 70368B mutant with 300 Gy of gamma rays in the M2 segregating generation. The measurements of variation were, in general, higher in the treated plants at M2 generation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of the mean was recorded for most studied traits, suggesting the improvement of these characters through simple phenotypic selection. Used irradiation by gamma-ray exhibited different genetic variability for the development of restorer and maintainer lines, such as desirable plant height, early heading, and high yield plants. Also, improving floral traits such as the length and width of anthers, percentage of pollen fertility, number of pollen grains per anther, total stigma length, and stigma width


Voltage recorded in awake guinea pigs from an electrode implanted at the round window was evaluated using fast-Fourier transformation. Acoustical stimulation was performed with a loudspeaker mounted in an aluminium housing and coupled to the contralateral outer ear canal with a silastic tube. In the absence of acoustical stimulation, the major part of the power spectrum of the round-window activity was localized to the frequency range of 500-2000 Hz, and peaked around 1 kHz. This peak reflects the ensemble back ground activity (EBA) of the auditory nerve. During the presentation of the white noise (WN) bursts (duration 300 msec, 2.5 msec rise/fall times) to the contralateral ear, the EBA was reduced. The first detectable change was observed with the sound pressure level (SPL) of the WN as low as 20 dB; the maximal suppressive effect (up to 50% reduc tion of the original power spectrum) occurred with the WN at 50-60 dB SPL. The sup pressive effect of contralateral white noise on the EBA was reversibly eliminated by a single injection of gentamicin at a dose of 150 mg/kg. However, the basal level of the EBA was not significantly changed after gentamicin injection. The changes of contralateral suppression of the EBA after gentamicin injection were similar to those observed with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, distortion-product otoacoustic emissions or ■ click-evoked compound action potential of the auditory nerve.


Background: Cataract is opacity of lens which is treated surgically. Topical corticosteroids are routinely used in the treatment of post-operative inflammation following cataract surgery. This study aims to compare the intraocular pressure changes caused by various topical steroids (prednisolone, dexamethasone and difluprednate) in post cataract patients. To compare compliance and to detect any significant adverse effects.Methods: Patients admitted in ophthalmology department for cataract surgery operated by phacoemulsification were taken as subjects. Total number of patients enrolled in the study were 354. Subjects were separated into 3 groups depending on topical steroids which were prescribed after surgery: group 1 - difluprednate, group 2 -dexamethasone and group 3 - prednisolone. Changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) of patients were measured by ophthalmology department preoperatively and postoperatively after 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th week of surgery. These data were collected and analysed. Adverse effects, Compliance of patients and number of bottles of drug used after surgery were also noted.Results: On comparing IOP, there was significant variation (p<0.027) between 3 drugs after one week of drug administration. When group 1 was compared with group 2 or group 3 there was no significant difference Average cost of difluprednate is about 3 times higher than the cost of dexamethasone or prednisolone.Conclusions: All the three topical steroids cause a rise in intraocular pressure in post cataract patients. But in group 1 (difluprednate) there was a rise in IOP up to three weeks after surgery but after 3rd week IOP remained stable. Adverse effects were seen more in group 2 and group 3.


A method comprising: configuring a first duplex time division TDD for a first cell from a user equipment, UE, (102) in an LTE system configuration where the first cell is on a first frequency band; and configuring a second configuration TDD for a second cell of the UE (102), wherein the second cell is on a second frequency band, and wherein the first TDD configuration is different from the second configuration TDD, characterized in that the method further comprises : determining (701) if there is transceiving, DL, simultaneous downlink and transceiving, UL, uplink between the first and the second configuration; determining (711) spacing strip between the first band and the second band carrier aggregation if there transceiving DL / UL simultaneously to prevent interference between two RF band inter modules located with simultaneous transmission and reception; spreading (712) the band spacing between the first band and the second band carrier aggregation; and receiving (714) an indication of aggregation carrier UE (102), wherein the indication of aggregation carrier indicating whether the UE supports the aggregation of the carrier of the first TDD configuration and the second configuration TDD spacing band required .


Abstract. This contribution examines the 2013 Gezi Park protests in Turkey by drawing on the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA) and the slacktivism versus facilitation debate in the literature on digitally enabled collective action. Contrary to the slacktivism hypothesis that claims online collective action to lack an apparent impact on the real world, the current study indicates a facilitating role of online collective action in the Gezi Park protests. By means of a large-scale online survey (N = 1,127) and a subsequent latent path analysis, the study demonstrates that the endurance of the movement was kept alive by both offline and online collective actions. The relationship between offline/online action and protest motivations was mediated by three predictors of collective action derived from the SIMCA: perceived injustice, social identity, and perceived efficacy. Results show that protestors in Turkey, independent of whether they became active in the digital or the real world, were lik...


The invention discloses a control method for an electric welding machine and further discloses the corresponding electric welding machine. The control method for the electric welding machine is used for controlling the whole working process of the welding machine. The control method for the electric welding machine and the electric welding machine using the control method have beneficial effects that the control is finished through a program and a single chip, so that the complex hardware circuit is omitted; the control system is simple and is low in cost; the control is finished through the program, so that the consistency is high, and the electric welding machine can be upgraded conveniently; PID control is finished through the program, so that the control is more agile, and the welding machine has good dynamic characteristics.


Introduction: Rupture of unscarred uterus (primary uterine rupture) is a rare peripartum
complication often associated with catastrophic maternal and neonatal outcomes. Case presentation: A 27-year-old primigravid lady, previously
healthy, at 40 weeks + 2 days presented to a midwife's
clinic for routine antenatal consultation. She was advised to have induction of
labor. This was initiated with 2 tablets of Misoprostol (400 mcg) vaginally.
Twelve hours later, and after remaining at full cervical dilation for 4 hours,
she was referred to our maternity service for alleged failure to descend. On
arrival, she was
apprehensive, exhausted but hemodynamically stable. Pelvic exam disclosed a
fully dilated cervix with
the vertex at S + 1 and a caput reaching the introitus. No fetal heart rate
could be elicited by the CTG monitor and this was verified by a bedside
ultrasonography. Operative vaginal delivery was performed due to maternal
exhaustion. This was complicated by transient shoulder dystocia. Manual
revision of the birth canal and the uterine cavity disclosed a suspicion of
left vaginal vault gapping together with a left fundal uterine rupture. Consequently,
the patient was rushed to the operating room for an urgent exploratory
laparotomy. The rupture sites were identified and repaired while a large broad ligament
hematoma on the same side was explored and hemostasis secured with ipsilateral
uterine artery ligation of the fundal and cervical branches. The postoperative
course was smooth and the patient left the hospital on the 5th day postpartum. Conclusion: Cases of unscarred uterine rupture are limited. One of the most frequent
risk factor is the injudicious use of Misoprostol for labor induction. Sudden
arrest of progress of labor or failure to descend might mask uterine rupture.
We recommend that all birth attendants be familiar with the guidelines issued
by FIGO, ACOG and other societies for the safe use of these potent uterotonics.


Among the structural materials developed in the 20th century, titanium and its alloys have played a leading role in improving component performance. This article provides background on the extraction and primary processing of titanium.


The National Science Foundation wants STEM faculty to be able to develop projects that will succeed in attracting funding from NSF programs. For the SIGCSE Symposium audience, this probably means being successful in being funded from the CCLI program. This special session gives attendees the opportunity to learn from those who have built successful CCLI-funded projects.


Folksonomies provide a comfortable way to search and browse the blogosphere. As the tags in the blogosphere are sparse, ambiguous and too general, this paper proposes both a supervised and an unsupervised approach that extract tags from posts using a tag semantic network. We evaluate the two methods on a blog dataset and observe an improvement in F1-measure from 0.23 to 0.50 when compared to the baseline system.


Among the drimane compounds tested, the dialdehydes polygodial and warburganal were the most active as antifeedants against Colorado potato beetle larvae, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in a dual‐choice assay with potato, Solanum tuberosum L., leaf discs. Lactones were less effective. Direct observations showed that decreased feeding on leaf discs treated with polygodial and warburganal was accompanied by increased locomotory activity. Topical application of these two compounds on the insect's cuticle decreased food intake of untreated leaf discs, indicating that besides deterrent effects, toxic properties of these molecules influence feeding behaviour.


Theory and empirical literature relates educational quality to four main explanatory factors: intergenerational transfer of human capital, quality of schools, school composition and economic conditions. Based on these findings a model explaining territorial differentiation of educational quality is proposed. The dependent variable is test score of 6th grade students, averaged at municipality level. As it turns out, educational outcome is highly conditioned on school composition, most likely as a result of high vulnerability to inequalities in school community. Of great importance is also local human capital stock. The role of traditionally meant school quality is minor (although higher in rural areas than in cities), partly because of decreasing returns to scale of school resources. Average school outcome differs significantly along historical divisions of Poland, not only in levels, but also in parameters of determining function. Legacies of the past and related socioeconomic processes have a substantial impact on the sensitivity of educational quality to different explanatory factors.


Choroidal Melanoma (CM) is the most common primary malignancy of the eye. The overall incidence is approximately 5–7 cases per million per year. In this paper the new technique for tumours tissue structure evaluation using ultrasound spectral analysis is presented. Based on the obtained results, it can be said that radio frequency (RF) ultrasound signals parameters at the healthy tissue area and the area with the intraocular tumour – melanoma before and after treatment statistically are significantly different. This study has shown that the lower amplitude, lower spectral intercept, high spectral slope and high momentary bandwidth are typical for choroidal melanoma if compared with healthy tissues and the lower momentary bandwidth are typical for choroidal melanoma after treatment if compared with melanoma before treatment. Application of spectral analysis using non-invasive ultrasound expert system, provides the new opportunities in early diagnosis, differentiation of tumours, evaluation of the treatment effectiveness.


The particle size distribution and magnetic susceptibility of some commercial carbonyl iron powders (code names CC, CS, HQ, OX and SM) were measured. The particle size of the powders increases as follows: HQ<SM<CC OX<CS. The magnetic susceptibility increases in the order: HQ OX SM CC CS. Magnetorheological suspensions (MRS) with 66% w/w of iron were prepared and their rheological properties were evaluated at no field, 100, 200 and 300 Oe. The yield stress under 300 Oe measured with strain-stress curves increases in the order: HQ OX<SM<CC<CS, showing direct correlation with the susceptibility. The plastic viscosity without field increases in the order: CS<CC<OX<SM<HQ, an inverse correlation with particle size. These results show that the particle size and/or size distribution can be another important property of the powders, together with magnetic susceptibility on the formulation of improved MRS.


Lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) was stabilized at alkaline pH to overcome the inactivation problem and was immobilized for the first time by multipoint covalent attachment on different aldehyde-activated matrices. PEG was used as a stabilizing agent on the activity of CRL. At these conditions, CRL maintained 50% activity at pH 10 after 17 h incubation in the presence of 40% (w/v) of PEG, whereas the enzyme without additive was instantaneously inactive after incubation at pH 10. Thus, this enzyme was covalently immobilized at alkaline pH on three aldehyde-activated supports: aldehyde-activated Sepharose, aldehyde-activated Lewatit105 and heterofunctional aldehyde-activated EDA-Sepharose in high overall yields. Heterogeneous stable CRL catalysts at high temperature and solvent were obtained. The aldehyde-activated Sepharose-CRL preparation maintained 70% activity at 50 °C or 30% (v/v) acetonitrile after 22 h and exhibited high regioselectivity in the deprotection process of per-O-acetylated thymidine, producing the 3′-OH-5′-OAc-thymidine in 91% yield at pH 5.


There has been much discussion and some controversy on the legal issues faced by the Department of Energy's (DOE) protective forces in the performance of their security duties. These include the observance of legal proprieties in the arrest of non-violent demonstrators, the use of lethal weapons, and the extent of protective forces' authority to carry weapons and protect DOE's security interests offsite. In brief, the need to protect DOE's security interests may be in nominal conflict with other requirements. When faced with a potential conflict in requirements, we in the DOE security community must place first attention to the security mission -- to deter and prevent hostile acts.


biological criteria –and indeed that such ideas have been, and are today, more the norm than the exception. I was also intrigued by Casaús Arzú's argument that in Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Guatemala, mestizaje never gained traction as an ideology of nationhood, as it did in Mexico and Brazil. Instead, elites were intent on eugenically whitening their nations as much as possible, invisibilizing black and indigenous populations, and/or physically eliminating them through genocide. There is no denying the extreme violence visited upon indigenous peoples in El Salvador in the 1932 massacre or in Guatemala in the 1980s and 1990s, but Casaús Arzú's analysis seems to ignore the fact that mestizaje in Mexico, and especially in Brazil, went hand in hand with powerful elements of whitening and eugenic improvement, or that anti-indigenous violence in Brazil has, historically and today, reached alarming levels. It also seems a bit odd to put Guatemala alongside Costa Rica as very whitened nations in which indigeneity is invisible. There is not room here to cover each of the book's ten chapters, but Pérez Vejo and Yankelevich are to be congratulated on a great achievement in consolidating discussions of race in Latin America.


Failure by students in health professional clinical education intertwines the health and education sectors, with actions in one having potential downstream effects on the other. It is unknown what economic costs are associated with failure, how these costs are distributed, and the impacts these have on students, clinicians and workplace productivity. An understanding of cost drivers and cost boundaries will enable evidence‐based targeting of strategic investments into clinical education, including where they should be made and by whom.


This report recommends methods for transportation planners to estimate speeds and service volumes. Methods are presented for long-range transportation planning and other planning applications such as traffic impact analyses and major investment studies. For this research, planning agencies were surveyed to determine their needs and capabilities, existing methods of estimating speeds and service volumes were reviewed, and improved methods were developed. Recommendations are presented for long-range transportation planning and sketch planning (for which very little data are available and computational efficiency is very important) and for other types of planning studies.


In this paper, we design a new coded cooperation protocol utilizing superposition modulation together with iterative decoding/detection algorithms. The aim of the proposed system is to apply "dirty paper coding" theory in the context of half-duplex relay systems. In the proposed system, the node transmits a superposed signal which consists of its own coded information and other node's re-coded information. The destination node detects and decodes the signal using the received signals at two continuous time-slots with iterative decoding algorithm. Moreover, the destination node detects the received signal using the results of decoding, iteratively. This paper provides the outage probability of the proposed system under the assumption that the proposed system can ideally perform dirty paper coding, and it is shown from the comparison between outage probabilities and simulated results that the proposed system can get close to the dirty paper coding theory.


SUMMARY
During incubation of nutrient solutions heavily inoculated with an axenic suspension of spore-nodules of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Vill. we observed an increase in infective capacity. This effect was only obtained with nutrient solutions to which an extract with petrol ether-soluble substances from roots had been added.

The reproducibility of the experiments is definitely increased when the active lipid factor(s) is further purified by silicagel column chromatography. Aerobic conditions are essential. Microscopic examination of the infective nutrient solutions showed the presence of Actinomycete-like hyphae. These hyphae were never observed in controls where the lipid extracts had been omitted. After several transfers to fresh media, cultures are still highly infective and microscopically characterized by growth of these hyphae.

After inoculation with axenic suspensions of spore + nodules, neither an increase of infectivity nor growth of hyphae was observed.


Krystufek's book is an excellent portrait of the most appalling aspects of the process of Russification and Sovietization of Czechoslovakia, which had been imposed upon the country by Stalin and the Czech and Slovak Communists after the February 1948 coup. Krystufek's central thesis maintains that the imposition of Russian and Soviet institutions, practices, and values was so brutal that it destroyed a once highly developed national culture and democratic institutions of this most advanced of the Slavic nations. Introduciton of Prokuratura into Czechoslovak legal system can be perhaps selected to depict the senselessness of this cultural and political colonialism and imperialism. As Krystufek says, the Prokuratura had been instituted in Russia by Peter the Great in 1722, Lenin adopted it to the needs of bureaucratic communism two hundred years later in 1922, and the Soviet legal advisors imposed it upon the Czechoslovak legal system after the seizure of power in 1948 as a "great innovation".


The present invention relates to a power generation system including the boiler and this produces a thermal medium by using a liquid metal as the working medium in the high temperature and high pressure, a boiler for liquid metal according to the invention in the working medium, circulating the working medium to a boiler for performing the heat exchange with the heating medium, the furnace is heated is that the working medium supplied to the inside; The combustion is connected with, the heat exchange unit in which the working medium is heated in the furnace feed therein; Heat medium inlet which is located within the heat exchange unit; And it is connected to the heat exchange unit, supply unit for supplying the heat medium portion wherein the heat medium injected; includes, heat exchange of the heat medium and the heated working medium supplied to the heat medium injected from the heat exchange unit made is, the heat by exchanging heat the medium reaches the high temperature and high pressure threshold or more, the working medium is characterized in that the liquid metal, this structure, directly heating the thermal medium inlet or the tube to the heat medium flow by preventing the influence due to the thermal medium injection unit damage that may occur, and the effective injection portion lifetime heat medium it is hence extended, and also, the heat by the heat exchange with the heat medium yirueojim using a liquid metal system to produce a heating medium of high temperature and high pressure injection medium without problems the critical point or more parts, and thus, power generation using the same There is the advantage of that improved efficiency.


Not every book sent for review comes with two pages of endorsements from the great and the good. Stokely is accompanied by glowing approval from such familiar names as Henry Louis Gates, Cornel West, Robin D. G. Kelley, Michael Eric Dyson, Gerald Horne, Charles Oglethorpe, and David Levering Lewis. Even without the para-textual apparatus to guide one's judgement, however, there is enough in this biography of Stokely Carmichael for any scholar of the civil rights movement to relish. This may not be the "definitive biography" that John Stauffer declares it to be, but it is indisputably important. In essence, Joseph argues that Stokely is the missing panel in a triptych of heroes, flanked on either side by the already canonized Malcolm X and Martin Luther King. In key respects, he insists, Stokely was the synthesis of Malcolm and Martin.


Large pre-trained code generation models, such as OpenAI Codex, can generate syntax-and function-correct code, making the coding of programmers more productive. In this paper, we introduce CodeGeeX, a multilingual model with 13 billion parameters for code generation. CodeGeeX is pre-trained on 850 billion tokens of 23 programming languages as of June 2022. Our extensive experiments suggest that CodeGeeX outperforms multilingual code models of similar scale for both the tasks of code generation and translation on HumanEval-X. Building upon HumanEval (Python only), we develop the HumanEval-X benchmark for evaluating multilingual models by hand-writing the solutions in C++, Java, JavaScript, and Go. In addition, we build CodeGeeX-based extensions on Visual Studio Code, JetBrains, and Cloud Studio, generating 8 billion tokens for tens of thousands of active users per week. Our user study demonstrates that CodeGeeX can help to increase coding efficiency for 83.4% of its users. Finally, CodeGeeX is publicly accessible since Sep. 2022, we open-sourced its code, model weights, API, extensions, and HumanEval-X at https://github.com/THUDM/CodeGeeX.


One of the main complexities currently presented to the medical researchers is the scientific writing of the case reports of a clinical case. The objective of this piece of writing is to provide a methodological proposal for the writing of this type of reports. The different sections that must be offered are presented, underlining the case reports and the need to describe to the scientific community the findings observed in the medical practice.


Our students spend from five to seven years learning English upon entering the university system. However, these students struggle with learning fluent English, as well as lack the ability to express themselves through strong and critical writing skills. For instance, the pre- university "Baccalaureate" examination, which includes elements of English as a measurement tool, has often had one of the poorest scores among all subjects; it is the subject where a great number of students fail regardless of their field of study. The present study was conducted with eighty EFL university students taught by the teacher researcher at Djillali Liabes University in the Department of Foreign Languages section of English. Students enter university lacking essential writing prerequisites. They had generally written very little in the form of compositions, essays or papers in English. As subject, English was primarily meant for examinations, whose priority was on grammar and reading comprehension exercises. The "Baccalaureate" candidates had to answer a paper that consisted of three sections: reading comprehension, manipulation of language and written expression. Data analysis revealed that EFL students encountered many writing challenges, particularly those related to language proficiency. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n3p149


The invention provides a device and method for improving the uniformity of a thin film. The device comprises a reaction cavity and a plurality of gas spray nozzles located in the reaction cavity, wherein one end of each gas spray nozzle is connected with the reaction cavity, and the direction of the other end of each gas spray nozzle in the reaction cavity can be freely adjusted. By adjusting the directions of different gas spray nozzles, the flow direction of reaction gas can be effectively controlled, the uniformity of the thin film in the film forming technology can be improved, and particularly, a very good improvement effect on the phenomenon that the thickness of part of the thin film is large or small can be achieved. According to the method, only the connection portions between the gas spray nozzles and the reaction cavity need to be improved, and the device and method for improving the uniformity of the thin film can be widely used for the chemical vapor deposition technology relating to gas spray nozzles in the semiconductor manufacturing technology.


This paper proposes a fast intermode decision algorithm in which the variance of the sum of absolute difference (SAD) between the 4times4 small blocks is employed to describe the stationary and homogeneous characteristics of macroblocks. In addition, an early SKIP mode decision is considered in the proposed algorithm. The experimental result indicates that the proposed algorithm can achieve a reduction of 40.4% computation time on average while maintaining a high coding efficiency


This paper describes the affection of O2 and N2 gases in operating gas on the electrode consumption for air plasma cutting, and discusses on the consumption mechanism of the developed new electrodes.From the consumption test under various shielding gases, it is concluded: Ru-Y2O3 and Ir-Y2O3 electrodes showed a good erosion resistance in oxidizing atmosphere (O2, Air), however these electrodes showed extremely increased weight loss in non-oxidizing atmosphere (At, N2). The characteristic of Ru-Y2O3 and Ir-Y2O3 electrodes is discussed from the qualitative model that the formation and evaporation of Y2O3 layer covered the cathode surface occurs.


several parallel ways: 1) the satiric valetudinarian Bramble, castigator of Bath and London, succumbs later in the novel to the charms of Scotland—where he also regains his health; 2) Bramble is ''feminized'' in the process, moving from his early impatience with fertility to the acknowledgment of his own natural son (Clinker himself); 3) this feminization foregrounds the letters of his niece Lydia, which represent a ''rival novel''within Clinker, and confirms the passing of authority and influence from the masculine to the feminine author; 4) all of these processes reflect and indeed enact the generic shift ''from a humanist version of history . . . to an Enlightenment account of History.'' Mr. Irvine's close reading of Clinker makes a good case, but the drift of his argument requires elision and simplification and willful misreadings. Citing Jery's letter from chez Smollett, with its reference to ''female authors, who publish simply for the propagation of virtue,'' he fails to recognize the evident irony of Jery's description, which undermines rather than establishes female authority. Likewise, it is surely tendentious to assert that Lydia's letters imply transformative ''agency,'' where those of Bramble and Jery are ''simply reporting reality.'' And when he cites Lydia's awareness of the romance plot as further confirmation of the generic shift, he conveniently ignores the fact that Jery exploits a series of theatrical metaphors at the same juncture, which makes such ''evidence'' at best equivocal. Mr. Irvine is on more sure ground with Scott, partly because there is more (and more persuasive) fictional evidence. There are attentive and illuminating readings of half a dozen of Scott's novels here, with instructive forays into Richardson and Burney on the way, as triangulation points to get one's bearings in the mazy terrain of contested narrative authority, rival plots (male and female) and dialectically gendered discourse. For all its virtues and intellectual ambition (Kant rubs shoulders here with Lyotard, and Ian Duncan's account of Fredric Jameson's revision of Frye's genre distinctions is meticulously pickedapart), there are surprising omissions in a work which pretends to some authority of its own. For example, Maria Edgeworth's Castle Rackrent should surely have appeared among Scott's sources, and Mr. Irvine unaccountably excludes Margaret Anne Doody's The True Story of the Novel (1998), which provides a lucid account of those very issues with which he has become entangled here, like some critical Laocoön. Sometimes the simplicity of a snake charmer's flute works better than a show of strength. Damian Grant University of Manchester


NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is currently at work developing hardware and systems for the Ares I rocket that will send future astronauts into orbit. Built on cutting-edge launch technologies, evolved powerful Apollo and Space Shuttle propulsion elements, and decades of NASA spaceflight experience, Ares I is the essential core of a safe, reliable, cost-effective space transportation system -- one that will carry crewed missions back to the moon, on to Mars and out into the solar system. Ares I is an in-line, two-stage rocket configuration topped by the Orion crew vehicle and its launch abort system. In addition to the vehicle's primary mission -carrying crews of four to six astronauts to Earth orbit --Ares I may also use its 25-ton payload capacity to deliver resources and supplies to the International Space Station, or to "park" payloads in orbit for retrieval by other spacecraft bound for the moon or other destinations. Crew transportation to the International Space Station is planned to begin no later than 2014. The first lunar excursion is scheduled for the 2020 timeframe. This paper presents the challenges in designing the Ares I upper stage for reliability and safety while minimizing weight and maximizing performance.


Archipelagos often harbour taxa that are endemic and vulnerable to disturbance. Conservation planning and research for these areas depend fundamentally on accurate and current taxonomic inventories. Although basic ecological information is in its infancy, the temperate rainforest islands of coastal British Columbia are undergoing rapid human-caused modification, particularly logging. We report herein new mammal records for these islands as determined by prey remains in the faeces of Wolves ( Canis lupus ), the area's apex mammalian terrestrial predator. Of particular interest is our detection of Marten ( Martes americana ) on islands previously inventoried and island occupancy by Moose ( Alces alces ), which have apparently migrated recently to coastal British Columbia. Remains in faeces provided valuable new species occurrence information, but more extensive and focused inventories are required to generate predictions of island occupancy by mammals based on biotic and abiotic landscape features.


Introduction Strategy and Politics Foreign Investments I: Swimming Upstream Foreign Investments II: Sailing Downstream Foundations War and Reconstruction Culture and Interests KPC and the New World Order Bibliography Index


The foaming abilities and foam stabilities of surfactants were investigated in this paper. The results showed that LCS displayed the best foaming ability among single surfactants while the mixture of WNL-9 and LCS at a ratio of 1 ∶2 displayed the best foaming ability among double surfactant mixtures.


Climate change is likely to affect the hydrology and water resources availability of upper Blue Nile River basin. Different water resource development projects are currently existed and under construction in the region. In order to understand the future impacts of climate change, we assessed the hydrological response of climate change of four catchments (Gilgel Abay, Gumer, Ribb, and Megech) of the upper Blue Nile River basin using new emission scenarios based on IPCC fifth assessment report (AR5). Five biased corrected 50 kms by 50 kms resolution GCMs (Global Circulation Model) output of RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios were used. The future projection period were divided in to two future horizons of 2030`s (2035-2064) and 2070`s (2071-2100). The Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrological Modelling System (HEC-HMS) was calibrated and validated for stream flow simulation. All the five GCMs projection showed that, maximum and minimum temperature increases in all months and seasons in the upper Blue Nile basin. The change in magnitude in RCP 8.5 emission is more than RCP 4.5 scenario as expected. There is considerable average monthly and seasonal precipitation change variability in magnitude and direction. Runoff is expected to increase in the future, at 2030`s average annual runoff projection change may increase up to +55.7% for RCP 4.5 and up to +74.8% for RCP 8.5 scenarios. At 2070`s average annual runoff percentage change increase by +73.5% and by +127.4% for RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios, respectively. Hence, the increase in flow volume in the basin may have a significant contribution for the sustainability of existed and undergoing water development projects. Moreover; it will help for small scale farmer holders to harness water for their crop productivity. However, a precaution of mitigation and adaptation measures ought to be developed for possible flooding in the flood plains area of the River basin.


The utility model discloses a pen with a nail file. The pen is characterized in that: the top end of the pen is provided with a rivet screw; and the nail file is connected with the pen through the rivet screw. The pen with the nail file has the beneficial effects that: if a nail cracks abruptly during writing and a nail clipper is not available, the nail file on the pen can be disassembled through the rivet screw for grinding a nail.


The purpose of this project is to develop a prototype system that able to help the UTHM's Campus guard to
monitor and control the traffic more efficiently. Research had been done on traffic light operation, PLC
microcontroller, ATMEL microcontroller, and different type of method applied so that it produce a low cost
traffic light system. PIC18F4550 microcontroller is chosen for this project due to it is lowest cost and fulfills the
requirements and objectives. Basically, the prototype system consists of hardware and software. On the hardware
part, the PIC1 8F4550 microcontroller will control the LEDs (traffic light) via computer. On the other hand, the
computer provides the interface so that the user is only required to press the button to manipulate the LEDs. The
outcome of this project will have an interface on computer screen where it is develop by Visual Basic software to
control the LEDs (traffic light). Simulation using Proteus ISIS software show the result on traffic light timing and
is compare to the real time application for justifying the accuracy. The accuracy of this project is up to 95%.
Throngh this project, I had explored and learnt on hardware SK40c, PIC18F series and software Visual Basic,
MPLAB IDE, and PROTEUS ISIS. There are some recommendations included in this project for future
development.


When compared to rigid reinforced concrete chimneys, steel industrial chimneys prove to be more susceptible to aerodynamic excitation. European standards and ISO standards impose high regime with regard to their protection against the impact of normal mode of vibration caused by wind excitation. In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of this phenomenon, vibration dampers are installed on structures. The same standards recommend the need, and establish the rules, for conducting direct measurements characterizing the dynamics of slender structures. The paper deals with the problem of determining the actual dynamic characteristics (vibration frequency and logarithmic decrement of damping) of steel chimneys equipped with vibration dampers. Measurement methods were reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed with regard to their use in the diagnosis of high dynami c structures. Examples of dynamic characteristics were presented on the basis of the results of tests , which were performed when adjusting the dampers on two steel chimneys with different structure in terms of their design, and with different dynamic parameters. The results obtained using three instruments were assessed in terms of the degree of consistency of dynamic characteristics, which were determined experimentally. The data were acquired with the use of contact and non-contact methods, such as ground-based interferometric radar, robotic total station and MEMS accelerometer.


The determination of vertical ground-water leakage is particularly important for irrigated agriculture where adequate drainage is required to prevent high water tables and related problems of salt buildup and waterlogging. This paper presents results from six different methods that were used to estimate vertical leakage for the Nile Valley in Egypt: (1) Calculation by Darcy's law; (2) rate of water table decline; (3) water budgets; (4) leaky aquifer test; (5) analytical solution; and (6) numerical ground-water modeling. Considering the basic differences in the underlying assumptions of each method, the results were in relatively good agreement. The average vertical leakage determined for the entire Nile Valley was about 0.65 ·\N 10\u-³ m/day. This value is quite low, much lower than previously reported elsewhere in the literature. This low rate of natural drainage results in high water tables that cannot be lowered without the use of artificial drains. A salt concentration balance indicated that given the small value of vertical leakage in the absence of artificial drainage, the salinity of the ground water in the Nile Valley may increase to the point where it would hinder crop production.


We examine the utility of optical hyperspectral data in the shortwave infrared bands for measuring the temperature field of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Hot objects have dramatically elevated SWIR radiance that measures one side of the Planck blackbody radiation function. Accounting for cool and hot contributions to the total radiance allows an inference of the temperature of the hot component. Maximum temperature for the hot component is determined to be in excess of 1200 K, although for most pixels, the hot temperature fell in the 1000–1100 K range. Thermally anomalous pixels cluster in a long-lived lava lake in the SE corner of Halema'uma'u crater. We calculate a total radiant flux of ∼100 MW for the lava lake. While thermally anomalous pixels cover a roughly circular area approximately 180 m in diameter, the main energy release is from an area ∼50 m in diameter.


As a rule, issues of contagion arise more frequently in epidemiology and linguistics than in economics and :finance, but this has changed dramatically in recent years. While the inherent instability of the banking sector due to 1 iquidity and maturity mismatch has been well-understood for centuries, we never cease to be blindsided after believing that "this time it really is different" (Reinhart and Rogoff2011). The globalisation of financial markets has created a new era of frict ionless financea hyper-lubricated environment for the transmission of all kinds of disturbances, real or imagined, fundamental or self-fulfilling. The dramatic increase in levels of global leveraging and risk-shifting using old-fashioned debt and newfangled financial derivatives is unexplored terrain with unimaginable new risks. Yet the fundamental mechanism of financial contagion is the same that existed in the days of canier pigeons, couriers on horseback, and the telegraph. The current age of heightened trade, frictionless communication, and increased ease of deal-making and execution makes it all the more imperative to examine critically the phenomenon of contagion in light of the anachronistic structure of European banking, as we move forward into the second decade of the new millennium. In this chapter I outline the positive and normative aspects of financial spillovers in the European context. I do so from the perspective of a macroeconomist i.e. neither that of a private nor a central banker. For all its romantic attractiveness, national heritages and cultural identities Europe remains a banking backwater and a bank regulator's nightmare. lts mosaic of national dependencies, rivalries and preferences makes banking the Achilles heel in the economic race with North America and Asia. The regulatory vacuum which accompanied monetary union has rendered Europe even more vulnerable to the vagaries of rumour mills that drive intemational finance. As the


Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important object for atmospheric quality and medical diagnosis, and its trace concentration detection technology has been of great attention. For this purpose, various new detection methods have emerged, such as cavity ring down absorption spectroscopy and cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. In this paper, the demand for CO ppm-level trace concentration detection is taken as the traction, and an optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy system with an equivalent noise absorption sensitivity of 7.4×10-10cm-1Hz-1/2 is established to carry out the experiment of near-infrared detection of CO gas concentration. Based on the measurement data of the OF-CEAS system, the minimum measurable CO concentration of the system was inferred to be 1.98 ppm. This system can be developed as a portable respiratory gas diagnostic device and an atmospheric trace gas detection device such as NH3 and CO.


Objective To explore the efficacy of combined surgery or two-step procedures for the management of primary retinal detachment accompanied with cataract. Design Retrospective, observational case series. Participants 70 patients (70 eyes) diagnosed as primary retinal detachment accompanied with cataract. Methods According to the operation mode, patients were divided into group A and group B. Group A included 50 patients (50 eyes) performed with combined surgery of phacoemulsification and vitrectomy. 20 patients (20 eyes) in group B underwent sequential two-step procedures, cataract extraction was performed before vitrectomy, the interval between the two operations was 6 to 11 (mean 8.0±1.9) days. Following-up period was 6 to 40 (mean 14.5±10.2) months. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity and the postoperative complications. Results The postoperative vision improved or similar to the preoperative vision in the two group patients. In group A, the postoperative best corrective visual acuity (BCVA)in 22 eyes (44%) reached to 0.05 or better, 19 eyes (38%) reached to 0.1 or better, 4 eyes (8%) reached to 0.3 or better. Visual acuity improved from 1 to 7 lines in Snellen lines chart. In group B, the postoperative BCVA in 9 eyes (45%) reached to 0.05 or better, 6 eyes (30%) reached to 0.1 or better, 1 eye (5%) reached to 0.3 or better. Visual acuity improved from 1 to 6 lines in Snellen lines chart. There was no significant difference in the improved visual acuity between the two groups. With 3 years follow-up, IOL implantation or not showed no significantly different in BCVA (P0.05). Postoperative cataract incidence was higher in the patients without IOL implantation than that in the patients with IOL implantation. Postoperative cataract appeared 6 months after operation in the patients without IOL implantation, while it appeared 14 months after operation in the patients with IOL implantation. There was no significant difference in the postoperative complications between group A and group B. Conclusions Combined surgery is effective and safe for the selected patients of primary retinal detachment accompanied with cataract.


Wearable inertial sensors are considered to be low cost, portable and user-friendly for gait assessment. But relatively little is known about their reliability and validity compared with the other well-established, sophisticated techniques. This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of an inertial sensor system (APDM Mobility Lab). A total of 20 participants were commanded to take a 10-m walk at their self-selected speeds. A series of gait parameters were collected and analyzed by this wearable gait analysis system and a three-dimension (3-D) motion analysis system simultaneously. The reliability of APDM system was evaluated using interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relations of spatiotemporal parameters from the two systems. Furthermore, Bland-Altman analysis was applied to evaluate the validity of APDM system. Results showed that the inertial sensor system of APDM Mobility Lab demonstrated excellent reliability $(\text{ICC}=0.905-0.991)$. The parameters analyzed by APDM system and 3-D motion capture system showed moderate to high correlations for stride length, mean velocity and cadence $(\mathrm{r}= 0.551-0.875)$. Moreover, Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that the bias of all parameters approached to zero, particularly for the stride time, stride length and mean velocity. The wearable inertial sensor-based system used in this study is a comparatively reliable and valid tool for spatiotemporal gait assessment in healthy adults.


This thesis describes how business can be improved using a number of rather new methods; Data Mining, Business Intelligence and Customer Relationship Management. The idea presented is that an organization, through data, owns a lot of information about their business and customers. In order to turn this information into knowledge, it needs to be interpreted. The knowledge acquired will improve the company's competitiveness. This thesis suggests that the methods mentioned are important tools in this process.


The DA process has the advantages of clear solution scrubbing, high SO2 removal efficiency, low liquid to gas ratio and reliability.


The research was inspired by the cessation of Bus Rapid Transit program in Mataram which basically the program first goal was to facilitate the Mataram people's mobility and activities to travel. In addition, the Bus Rapid Transit program, commonly referred to as Trans Mataram Bus, was also aimed to reduce congestion and the number of private vehicles. By reducing the private vehicles on the road, it was expected that the air pollution would also be reduced. The fact that the program is no longer running, considering the large fund spent to build the program and some goals mentioned, this research aim is to find out why the Mataram Bus Rapid Transit program is currently not running using the perception of Mataram people. The research method used Descriptive with a Quantitative approach. The data was taken using observation, interview, literature review and questionnaire. The results show that the Bus Rapid Transit program in Mataram is not working due to the lack of public interest in public transportation services. There are some reasons related which are the Bus Rapid Transit routes or services, at that time, did not cover all areas in Mataram, there is no specific lane for Bus Rapid Transit, the location of the bus stop is far from the residential area and the lack of socialization related to the program so that many communities did not get clear information.


ravity investigations in the Northwest Pacific Ocean basin are carried out by Soviet, Japanese, and American geophysicists. The data obtained are systematized and generalized. Gravimetric maps of the Okhotsk Sea, Japan Sea, East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and other marginal seas have been compiled at different scales. Combined interpretation of gravimetric and other geological and geophysical data has made it possible to develop the density models of the crust, lithosphere, and mantle. A satisfactory agreement between the observed and calculated gravity anomalies is obtained on the assumption of different thicknesses and densities of the lithosphere and asthenosphere under the depressions of the marginal seas and in the Northwest Pacific.


Highlights of recent research on the degradation and stabilization of polyolefins and poly(vinyl chloride) are outlined. The major defects in the molecular structure of poly(vinyl Chloride) are described and some controversial aspects of polyolefien photochemistry are discussed.


Integrations is the latest volume in the History and Philosophy series from the University of Chicago Press. Lawrence Blum and Zoë Burkholder bring together historical and philosophical inquiry to examine the complex history and ongoing possibilities of school integration, that 'most exalted and controversial ideal' which many Americans have long 'assumed to be [the] most obvious cure' (pp. 3, 1) for racial inequality in education. In the past as in the present, parents and activists from various communities have defined integration – and thus assessed its desirability as a remedy for racial injustice – in disparate ways. Blum and Burkholder contend that a pluralist and egalitarian form of school integration remains a necessary foundation for civic education in a multiracial democracy. More broadly, they argue that educational and civic equality will remain elusive until the structures of racial and class injustice in American society are dismantled. The two opening chapters offer historical accounts of (a) how public schools have functioned as state-sponsored tools of white supremacy and (b) the concurrent and sustained efforts of communities of color to challenge educational racism. Drawing on the most recent scholarship, the authors consider the efforts of African American, Native American, Latinx, and Asian American communities in turn. Chapter 1, spanning the years between the foundation of American public school systems and the Brown decision in 1954, demonstrates how white officials discriminated against children of color by excluding them from public schools or segregating them in underfunded and dilapidated facilitates. White officials circumscribed the curricular programming available to children of color in many ways. Publicly funded Black schools in the South were required to follow a manual or industrial curriculum, government-run institutions for Native American children were instruments of cultural annihilation, and Mexican American students were prohibited from learning in Spanish under an aggressive Americanization program. Students, parents, and activists of color responded with direct attacks on racist policies through legal or diplomatic channels, overt resistance to white authorities, and measured accommodation. Importantly, many activists questioned the utility of racial 1090016 TRE0010.1177/14778785221090016Theory and Research in EducationBook review book-review2022


A highly studied problem in image processing and the field of electrical engineering in general is the recovery of a true signal from its noisy version. Images can be corrupted by noise during their acquisition or transmission stages. As noisy images are visually very poor in quality, and complicate further processing stages of computer vision systems, it is imperative to develop algorithms which effectively remove noise in images. In practice, it is a difficult task to effectively remove the noise while simultaneously retaining the edge structures within the image. Accordingly, many de-noising algorithms have been considered attempt to intelligent smooth the image while still preserving its details. Recently, a non-local means (NLM) de-noising algorithm was introduced, which exploited the redundant nature of images to achieve image de-noising. The algorithm was shown to outperform current de-noising standards, including Gaussian filtering, anisotropic diffusion, total variation minimization, and multi-scale transform coefficient thresholding. However, the NLM algorithm was developed in the spatial domain, and therefore, does not leverage the benefit that multi-scale transforms provide a framework in which signals can be better distinguished by noise. Accordingly, in this paper, a multi-scale NLM (MS-NLM) algorithm is proposed, which combines the advantage of the NLM algorithm and multi-scale image processing techniques. Experimental results via computer simulations illustrate that the MS-NLM algorithm outperforms the NLM, both visually and quantitatively.


Numerical results of sound wave propagation in a realistic three-dimensional (3-D) oceanic environment are reported. The region of interest is the west coast of Brittany, near the harbor of Brest, France. The numerical simulations were performed running a fully 3-D parabolic equation based code considering omnidirectional point sources emitting at low frequencies (e.g. 50—100 Hz) and located in the water column near the entrance of the strait linking the roadstead of Brest to the Atlantic Ocean (also known as 'Goulet de Brest'). Numerical simulations clearly show that, depending on position of the acoustic sources, sound waves can be strongly affected by out-of-plane propagation effects resulting from complicated multiple reflections off the sloping bottom and channeling effects due to the three-dimensionally varying bathymetry in this particular region, and hence can predict interesting modal arrivals at specific receivers (with typical source-receiver distances of 30 km), not predicted by two-dimensiona...


In this paper,the energy consumption benchmark evaluation methods for hospital and office buildings in British EEBPP program were introduced.And then,based on the measurement data,the energy consumption characteristics of large public buildings located at sever cold areas in China were analyzed,also the advice for establishing the relevant energy consumption quota method was proposed.


The potential environmental effects of the exhaust products of conventional rocket propellants have been assessed by various groups. Areas of concern have included stratospheric ozone, acid rain, toxicity, air quality and global warming. Some of the studies which have been performed on this subject have concluded that while the impacts of rocket use are extremely small, there are propellant development options which have the potential to reduce those impacts even further. This paper discusses the various solid propellant options which have been proposed as being more environmentally benign than current systems by reducing HCI emissions. These options include acid neutralized, acid scavenged, and nonchlorine propellants. An assessment of the acid reducing potential and the viability of each of these options is made, based on current information. Such an assessment is needed in order to judge whether the potential improvements justify the expenditures of developing the new propellant systems.


Milk fat is high in saturated fatty acids. Saturated fats contribute to a degenerative arterial disease, atherosclerosis that leads to the gradual blockage of the arteries and reduced blood flow. A polyunsaturated margarine containing plant stanol ester, which lowers serum concentrations of cholesterol, is commercially available. Objective was to study the effect of gradual replacement of milk fat with margarine containing plant stanol ester on the physico-chemical, microbiological and microstructural characteristics of low fat Cheddar cheese. Low fat Cheddar cheese was manufactured with Benecol® in the following milk fat: Benecol® ratios 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75 and 0:100. There were no differences in the fracture stress and strain, color, pH, microbial counts, microstructure, flavor and body and texture scores among the low fat Cheddar cheeses. Low fat Cheddar cheese can successfully be manufactured with margarine containing plant stanol ester without any adverse effect on its quality.


The effect of intracavity wavelength selectors on the position of tunable laser modes has been evaluated in the case of short light pulses propagating into the resonator. The narrow-peak approximation is analyzed for the calculus of extra phase introduced by an intracavity selector. A method also has been derived for the calculation of extra phase for a general-shape pulse f(y). In particular, the latter method is applied for a Gaussian-shape pulse.


InAsSb is a kind of narrow-band superlattice material, and is qualified for IR detectors. Based on the requirements of IR fuze to recognize targets, this paper firstly compares the uncooled InAsSb photodetectors with other uncooled detectors. and then analyzes the structure and performance of four kinds of photodiodes made of InAsSb materials, especially the influences of various of factors on the performance.


Network security issues are becoming increasingly acute. A computer network exposed to the Internet without any security protection is at great risk. This paper proposes the packet filtering firewalls system based on FPGA. This system connects the high-speed firewall filtering module and the CPU (OR1200). The Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) network data package is sent to test successfully by the PC client. Experimental results show that the system process the whole IPv6 data packet with 920ns and the complete design uses a small portion of the Altera StratixII/ EP2S60F672C5 FPGA, 25% of the logic blocks and 11% of the memory blocks. So the system not only has ideal functionality but greatly improves the data transmission speed


: Due to the rapid growths in Light Emitting Diodes, VLC (Visible Light Communication) has received a great attention in last years. Our main aim of this research work is to build the wireless VLC (Visible Light Communication) system which should be able to transmit the data in-between two computers with the use of a visible light. We are using an LED array as the transmitter, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) as the receiver component and air as the transmission medium. In both the transmitter and receiver modules, we are using Arduino UNO microcontroller board. Two computers have been used to interface the software to the hardware with the help of Arduino IDE installed to both of them. If we want to check the performance of VLC system with MIMO, commercial optical system simulation software called OptiSystem7.0 from Optiwave can be used. The layout diagram for both SISO (Single Input Single Output) and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication has been generated and has been run and the BER (Bit Error Rate) performance is being analyzed. FSO (Free Space Optical) communication channel is used as transmission medium for both SISO and MIMO. Data transmission and reception for 100 meters is done using OptiSystem software. The eye diagram of BER analyzer showed that the maximum quality factor of MIMO is relatively large when compared to SISO .


Observation with coarse spatial and temporal sampling can cause large errors in quantification of the amount, intensity, and duration of precipitation events. In this study, the errors resulting from temporal and spatial sampling of precipitation events were quantified and examined using the latest version (V4) of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission integrated multi-satellite retrievals for GPM (IMERG), which is available since spring of 2014. Relative mean square error was calculated at 0.1° × 0.1° every 0.5 h between the degraded (temporally and spatially) and original IMERG products. The temporal and spatial degradation was performed by producing three-hour (T3), six-hour (T6), 0.5° × 0.5° (S5), and 1.0° × 1.0° (S10) maps. The results show generally larger errors over land than ocean, especially over mountainous regions. The relative error of T6 is almost 20% larger than T3 over tropical land, but is smaller in higher latitudes. Over land relative error of T6 is larger than S5 across all latitudes, while T6 has larger relative error than S10 poleward of 20°S–20°N. Similarly, the relative error of T3 exceeds S5 poleward of 20°S–20°N, but does not exceed S10, except in very high latitudes. Similar results are also seen over ocean, but the error ratios are generally less sensitive to seasonal changes. The results also show that the spatial and temporal relative errors are not highly correlated. Overall, lower correlations between the spatial and temporal relative errors are observed over ocean than over land. Quantification of such spatiotemporal effects provides additional insights into evaluation studies, especially when different products are cross-compared at a range of spatiotemporal scales.


Tracking systems are known to become erratic and subject to loss of track in threshold environments. A previously unidentified motion coupling loss mechanism is shown to contribute severe motion biases under threshold conditions where the direction of angle motion is uncertain. These threshold losses are effectively eliminated by implementing independent range motion and angle motion tracking filters, which incorporate redundant state coordinates. The nonlinear redundancy can be safely removed in a post-tracking filter coupling stage whenever the motion direction from angle filtering is reliable. This fundamentally new approach to tracking system design eliminates a major contributor to track irregularities and divergence in threshold environments.


The great western China development is not only in conformity with the demands of market economy system the strategy of making the country prosperous by science and technology,but also in adaptation to the general background of building the country by law.Fully promoting the function of law is one of the important prereguisites in smoothly carrying out the western development.The strategy of western development should be ascertained by the constitution,and meanwhile it requires the oriqinality of legal conception,Legal system,legal mechanism and legal behavior.


In the article it was analyzed the conditions and benefits of using chat bots in the messengers to provide effective educational communication. Defined the most popular instant messengers used by modern student, analyzed the tools provided in the messengers, in particular the possibility of creating special programs simulating human activities - chat bots. Special attention is given to determining the ways of using bots in the educational process. The technology of implementation chat bot Smarsy for communication of participants of the educational process of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University is described.


With the application of unidirectional transmission technology in multicast,safety isolation and information exchange,high-speed transmission of bulk data and satellite communication,performance and reliability become a major concern in unidirectional transmission.By analysis of the packet loss data,the correlation between packet loss and transmission rate,packet load is found.It is of significant guidance in reducing packet loss,improving the performance and selecting an error correction coding scheme in unidirectional transmission.


The Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have attracted research interest due to its temporal information processing capability, low power consumption, and high biological plausibility. The Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neuron model is one of the most popular spiking neuron models used in SNNs for it achieves a balance between computing cost and biological plausibility. The most important parameter of a LIF neuron is the membrane time constant $\tau$, which determines the decay rate of membrane potential. The value of $\tau$ plays a crucial role in SNNs containing LIF neurons. However, $\tau$ is usually treated as a hyper-parameter, which is preset before training SNNs and adjusted manually. In this article, we propose a novel spiking neuron, namely parametric Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (PLIF) neuron, whose $\tau$ is a learnable parameter rather than an empirical hyper-parameter. We evaluate the performance of SNNs with PLIF neurons for image classification tasks on both traditional static MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, CIFAR-10 datasets, and neuromorphic N-MNIST, CIFAR10-DVS datasets. The experiment results show that SNNs augmented by PLIF neurons outperform those with conventional spiking neurons.


Presentation attack is a challenging issue that persists in the security of automatic fingerprint recognition systems. This paper proposes a novel explainable residual slim network that detects the presentation attack by representing the visual features in the input fingerprint sample. The encoder-decoder of this network along with the channel attention block converts the input sample into its heatmap representation while the modified residual convolutional neural network classifier discriminates between live and spoof fingerprints. The entire architecture of the heatmap generator block and modified ResNet classifier works together in an end-to-end manner. The performance of the proposed model is validated on benchmark liveness detection competition databases i.e. Livdet 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019 and the classification accuracy of 96.86\%, 99.84\%, 96.45\%, 96.07\%, 96.27\% are achieved on them, respectively. The performance of the proposed model is compared with the state-of-the-art techniques, and the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in benchmark protocols of presentation attack detection in terms of classification accuracy.


A reaction cell for in situ studies of both ion-exchange and hydrothermal titration reactions has been designed and built. This cell allows the injection of reagents into a reaction mixture over time during X-ray data collection. A demonstration experiment followed the injection of Na2SO4(aq) into BaClz(aq) to yield a time-resolved X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the precipitation of BaSO4(s). Time-resolved synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction has provided information on the crystallization kinetics and the identity of intermediate phases during hydrothermal synthesis experiments. In particular, the formation of zeolites, microporous phosphates, mesoporous silicates, mieroporous sulfides and Sorel cements have been investigated extensively (Barnes et al., 1996; Francis et al., 1996; Gualtieri et aL, 1997; Norby, 1996, 1997a,b; N~rlund Christensen et aL, 1997). We have previously developed a reaction cell for these in situ studies (Norby, 1996) in which reactions take place in a 0.5-1 mm quartz glass capillary mounted in a Swagelock fitting and held in place using a ferrule. Pressure applied from a nitrogen cylinder and heating using a hot air stream allow hydrothermal conditions to be achieved. This method permits the study of a reaction mixture under static or noninteractive conditions. Some syntheses however require the addition of reactants over time. Such hydrothermal titration techniques have been used in syntheses of microporous sulfides (Parise et aL, 1996) as well as to study the formation of iron sulfide phases via precipitation/transformation reactions (Schoonen & Barnes, 1991). These studies were performed using steel autoclaves where injection of reactants without loss of pressure could be performed. Typically, a reaction mixture is kept at temperature and pressure for some time to allow formation of precursor species. Later, additional reactants are injected into the solution to induce precipitation of the materials of interest. These investigations are important for gaining mechanistic information, but are restricted in that reactions must be quenched before analysis. By performing time-resolved in situ experiments, it is possible to obtain detailed information about the system under actual reaction conditions. We describe here the development of a microreaction cell for in situ powder diffraction studies which can be used for hydrothermal titration, ion exchange, hydrothermal precipitation reactions and to investigate solid/gas phase interactions in real time. The design of the reaction cell is shown in Fig. 1. Reactions take place in a 1 mm quartz glass capillary (A) which is mounted in a Swagelock tee (B) using a Vespel ferrule. Through the connected tube (C), a pressure can be applied to the surface of the reaction mixture in the capillary. Injection takes place through a 0.3 mm quartz glass capillary (D), which goes through the tee and into the 1 mm capillary. This 0.3 mm capillary is mounted between a Swagelock elbow and the tee with Vespel ferrules, all of which are mounted on a modified goniometer head (F). Injection under pressure through the elbow (E) is possible via a gas chromatography syringe (not shown) mounted in an aluminium holder. A screw connected to the piston of the syringe ensures pressurization. By turning the screw, the piston is depressed and a controlled volume can be injected into the 1 mm capillary through the 0.3 mm capillary. Alternatively, the position of the sample capillary (A) can be plugged and the assembly extended to expose the injection capillary location to the X-ray beam. Ports (G) and (C) then become supply and exhaust lines, respectively, for flowthrough ion-exchange experiments or solid/gas phase reac


In recent years,more and more enterprises improve organization strategy ability and gain competitive advantages by improving organizational improvisation operation. This paper tries to construct a concept model concerning formation mechanism of organizational improvisation based on social network and organization learning theories. It takes enterprises with improvisation operation experience as the research object and analyzes the formation mechanism among firm social networks,organizational learning and organizational improvisation. The conclusions extend current organizational improvisation theories; it provides theoretical basis for further study of related topics of organizational improvisation and has some certain guidance of the improvement of organizational improvisation ability.


Ontogenetic and die1 vertical distributions of the dominant copepods Oithona davisae, Acartia spp. (A. hudsonica and A. ornorii) and Paracalanus crassirost~s were studied in Maizuru Bay, middle Japan. A consistent ontogenet~c pattern was found during daytlme for all the species: mean distribution depths moved upwards w t h later naupliar stages and downwards during copepodite development. Details of this pattern vary w ~ t h the species. Vertical distribuhon of P. crassirostris eggs is similar to that of the 1st naupliar stage (NI), while in Acartia egg distribution depends on adult females; Acartia N1 is always concentrated in water close to the bottom independent of egg distribution. This indicates that P. crassirostris eggs may drift unhl hatching while most Acartia eggs sink to the bottom before hatching. The ontogenebc distributional pattern observed in the daytime is generally obscured at night due to stage-specific nocturnal migrations.


SUMMARY

This study investigated the effect of interorganizational Internet communication on purchasing performance. On the basis of a review of the relevant literature, three key dimensions of Internet communication behaviors were identified: frequency, diversity and formality. A model was developed to depict the antecedents of interorganizational Internet communication and the impact of such communication on purchasing performance. Responses from 284 Chinese manufacturing firms were used to test the study's hypotheses. Results revealed that the frequency, diversity and formality of Internet communication played an important role in determining the level of purchasing performance. Additionally, formality was critical to managing information flows over the Internet and preventing potential Internet information security risks. Further, results indicated that two factors, perceived Internet security risks and norms of Internet information sharing, significantly influenced Internet communication behaviors.


This paper presents energy saving of three-phase induction motor, which is operated in regenerative mode. In this mode, the energy flows back into DC link voltage and causes to occur high voltage in capacitor that may be destroy the capacitor and switching component such an IGBT. The proposed method presents connection buck converter circuit between the rectifier diodes and the inverter, to control the voltage feeding into the inverter by using two fuzzy controllers. The first fuzzy controller will be managing the switching duty cycle of buck converter. The second fuzzy controller, which provide to control the switching component of braking circuit. The second controller will be synchronized with the first controller to balance the energy of the capacitor


Background: Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) often occur jointly and have been associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. These metabolic processes may partially be explained by a pro-inflammatory state. Ethnic subgroups within the nonHispanic Black population have not been characterized in metabolic disorder studies. The purpose of this study was to assess levels of IL-6 and CRP by ethnicity and diabetes status; and determine whether MetS will be associated with higher levels of IL-6 or CRP. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 471 participants (230 Haitian Americans and 241 African Americans; 240 with and 231 without T2D) recruited from various community sources in South Florida, were included in this study. Results: African Americans had higher log IL-6 and log CRP levels than Haitian Americans (P<0.001). Haitian Americans with and without MetS had lower log IL-6 levels and log CRP than African Americans with and without MetS, respectively (P < 0.001). Log IL-6 and log CRP correlated with higher waist circumference in all groups except for log IL-6 in African Americans without T2D. Log IL-6 and log CRP positively correlated with triglycerides in Haitian Americans with T2D. Log IL-6 was negatively correlated with HDL-C in Haitian Americans with T2D. Higher levels of log CRP (β = 0.34, SE = 0.14, P = 0.012), but not log IL-6 (P = 0.727) were associated with MetS. Conclusion: Ethnic-centered health interventions that focus on improving these metabolic parameters may be the key to reducing the risk for T2D and cardiovascular diseases in this population.


A former plantation truck driver recalls his childhood in Lunaville, including the different jobs available on the plantation. He talks of participating in the community garden and sporting activities provided by the plantation. He concludes with his thoughts on the future of Lahaina and the remains of the mill.


Understanding the behaviors and attitudes of at-risk populations is fundamental to controlling the spread of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The problem of nonresponse among these populations, however, plagues survey research designed to address these issues. Previous work undertaken to map out the dynamics of nonresponse—bothnoncontacts and refusals—have primarily focused on exploringthe effectiveness of a single method of outreach. This analysis improves on this prior research by comparing the effectiveness of two types of outreach strategies in a follow-up face-to-face survey of individuals seeking HIV prevention services in New Jersey during the period 1999-2001. Case workers from community-based organizations (CBOs) attempted to contact one set of respondents, whereas "outsider" researchers attempted to contact the second set. In brief, the authors find that in contrast to a CBO research affiliation, an outsider researcher status is associated with higher survey response rates.


S. DANIMIHARDJA,SAEFUDIN,F. SYARIF & N.SETYOWATMNDARTO. 1987. The growthof some fast-growing legume species in the field after seedling inoculation with Rhizobium.Berita Biologi 3(8): 377 - 381.Eleven species of fast growing legumes were grown in the field after their root seedlings were inoculated with two selected strains of Rhizobium sp.The results indicated that Acacia villosa was the fastest growing species (324.8 cm in height and 28.35 mm in diameter after 13 months of planting).The slowest one was Albizia procera (86.20 cm and 10.45 mm).The statistical analysis indicated that between species there were highly significant differences either in height or in diameter of the plants. Between treatments there was significant difference in diameter, but not in height.The interaction between treatments and species was highly significant difference in diameter, but not significant one in height. After 13 months of planting 6 species had already produced pods,namely Acacia villosa,Albizia lebbeck,Bauhinia acurninata, B. purpurea, Caesalpinia pulcherrima and 7 C.sappan.The death rates were ranging from 19% (in Albizia chinensis),30%(in A. falcatariaj, 46% (in A. procera),47% (in A. lebbeck), until 50% (in Acacia auriculiformis).


We characterize pairs of complementary non-homogeneous Beatty sequences (An)n>0 and (Bn)n>0, with the restriction A1 = 1 and B1 ≥ 3, for which there exists an invariant take-away game having {(An, Bn), (Bn, An) | n > 0} ∪ {(0, 0)} as set of P -positions. Using the notion of Sturmian word arising in combinatorics on words, this characterization can be translated into a decision procedure relying only on a few algebraic tests about algebraicity or rational independence. This work partially answers to a question of Larsson et al. raised in [11].


In order to simulate charge pump PLL in frequency hopping systems, several methods are introduced and compared. The emphasis is on the event-driven model which can simulate the charge pump PLL quickly and efficiently. When the model is used to simulate the stability and setting time of the charge pump PLL, some improvements are made to run it faster. Other issues such as the relation between different models and some detailed aspects of implementation are also discussed.


A novel absorption structure for the capacitive infrared (IR) detectors is proposed. By attaching an IR mirror under the absorber at a distance of λ/4, the resonant cavity structure is established, providing a consistent absorptance of 78% regardless of the absorber position and the device temperature.


Lateralisation of eye use indicates differential specialisation of the brain hemispheres. We tested eye use by zebra finches to view a model predator, a monitor lizard, and compared this to eye use to view a non-threatening visual stimulus, a jar. We used a modified method of scoring eye preference of zebra finches, since they often alternate fixation of a stimulus with the lateral, monocular visual field of one eye and then the other, known as biocular alternating fixation. We found a significant and consistent preference to view the lizard using the left lateral visual field, and no significant eye preference to view the jar. This finding is consistent with specialisation of the left eye system, and right hemisphere, to attend and respond to predators, as found in two other avian species and also in non-avian vertebrates. Our results were considered together with hemispheric differences in the zebra finch for processing, producing, and learning song, and with evidence of right-eye preference in visual searching and courtship behaviour. We conclude that the zebra finch brain has the same general pattern of asymmetry for visual processing as found in other vertebrates and suggest that, contrary to earlier indications from research on lateralisation of song, this may also be the case for auditory processing.


This paper offers an efficient copper-catalyzed oxidative trifluoromethylation of indoles with low-cost CF3SO2Na via C–H activation. Notably, the use of a base is crucial for the trifluoromethylation of indoles. This reaction proceeds efficiently in good to excellent yields and is tolerance of a broad range of functional groups. Furthermore, melatonin, a medicine for sleep disorders, is converted to its 2-CF3 analogue in 68% yield. Studies of possible reaction pathways suggest that this reaction proceeds through a radical process.


Since the 9/11 attacks on U.S. soil, American citizenship has been redefined by the visual images associated with the Global War on Terror (GWOT). Rebecca A. Adelman contends that, in viewing images such as security footage of the 9/11 hijackers, film portrayals of the attacks and subsequent wars, memorials commemorating the attacks, and even graphics associated with increased security in airports, American citizens have been recast as militarised spectators, brought together through the production, circulation, and consumption of these visual artifacts. Beyond the Checkpoint reveals that the visual is essential to the prosecution of the GWOT domestically and abroad, and that it functions as a crucial mechanism in the ongoing formation of the U.S. state itself and an essential component of contemporary American citizenship. Tracing the connections between citizenship and spectatorship, and moving beyond the close reading of visual representations, this book focuses on the institutions and actors that create, monitor, and regulate the visual landscape of the GWOT. Adelman looks around and through common images to follow the complex patterns of practise by which institutions and audiences engage them in various contexts. In the process, she proposes a new methodology for studying visual cultures of conflict, and related phenomena like violence, terror, and suffering that are notoriously difficult to represent. Attending to previously unanalysed dimensions of this conflict, this book illustrates the complexity of GWOT visual culture and the variegated experiences of citizenship that result as Americans navigate this terrain.


The invention discloses a clutch rivet testing device. The clutch rivet testing device comprises a hand wheel regulating device which comprises a first regulating rod and a second regulating rod perpendicular to the first regulating rod, wherein a hand wheel used for driving the first regulating rod to rotate is arranged at one end of the first regulating rod, the first regulating rod is provided with a first gear, the second regulating rod is provided with a second gear meshed with the first gear, and the second regulating rod is provided with two connection portions which are connected with first fixing parts respectively. Compared with the prior art, the clutch rivet testing device has the advantages that by means of the hand wheel regulating device, fixing parts fixing a clutch are regulated adaptively, and therefore the clutch rivet testing device is applicable to testing clutches in various standards, and convenient and rapid to use.


Scholarly assessments of the two-volume universal history of Velleius Paterculus have long been caught up in the debate over its value or genre. This approach fails to appreciate the work as a cultural document demonstrating the crucial generation (or reproduction) of imperial ideology by average Roman elites. In particular, a reassessment of Velleius's references to the festinatio (haste) and brevitas (concision) with which he writes provides unique insight into the intersection between a competitive literary culture in elite circles and political power.


The silk weavers of Lyon traditionally regarded free enterprise as the worst plague of their industry. Unlimited free trade, argued the master silk weaver, J.A.B., in 1832,-delivered the working class into the "murderous" hands "of insatiable ambition."1 In 1850 the master weaver Weichmann blamed the "unrestrained freedom of trade" for the "impious struggle in which workers are pressured and demoralized by frequent reductions of wage."2 By the mid-1860s, however, weavers' attitudes towards free trade began to change. Freedom of trade, meaning especially freedom from government regulation of industry, was no longer considered a social evil or a plague, but rather part of a more general political and social liberty that was beneficial and desirable. The principles of liberty, declared the Proudhonian silk weaver J. M. Gauthier, were "without question the true generators of every society."3 The representatives of twenty-one cooperative societies of Lyon, many of them silk weavers, advanced a similar view in a statement of their aims in 1865. "Free trade forces us to progress or to die of hunger," they declared. "All


A C/SiC/Si-SiC multilayer coating for protecting carbon/carbon(C/C) composites against oxidation was prepared by slurry and pack cementation.X-ray diffraction(XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) analysis showed that the inner coating obtained from the slurry and pack cementation was a C/SiC gradient layer acting as bonding layer,and the exterior coating formed in the second pack cementation was a Si-SiC double phase coating.Oxidation tests at 1873 K in air showed that the coating exhibited excellent oxidation protective ability and thermal shock resistance.The coating could effectively protect C/C composites from oxidation at 1873 K in air for 170 h and undergo the thermal cycling between 1873 K and room temperature for 8 cycles.The weight loss of the coated C/C composites is due to the formation of cracks and holes in the coating and the volatilization of SiO2 glass at high temperature.


The short-term effect of fenvalerate on some metabolites and enzymes of protein metabolism in the ostracod Chrissia halyi was studied. The ostracods were subjected to two different concentrations of fenvalerate and the alterations in total proteins, total free amino acids, transaminases i.e. aspartate amino transferase (AAT)/glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and alanine amino transferase (ALAT)/glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) after one and three days were noted. Total protein and free amino acid contents in the organisms were found to be depleted, whereas both the transaminases and GDH levels were elevated. The results indicate that exposure of C. halyi to fenvalerate leads to metabolic adaptations to suit the functional need of the animal.


I demonstrate that 4 He adsorbates in carbon nanotube materials can be treated as one-dimensional interacting gas of spinless bosons for temperatures below 8 K and for coverages such that all the adsorbates are in the groove positions of the carbon nanotube bundles. The effects of adsorbate-adsorbate interactions are studied within the scheme of the virial expansion approach. The theoretical predictions for the specific heat of the interacting adsorbed gas are given.


.............................................................................................iii Acknowledgements................................................................................v Chapter One – Defining the Problem and Introducing Washington Elementary..........1 Chapter Two – A Theory of Power and Responses to Power................................13 Chapter Three – Review of Relevant Literature...............................................33 Chapter Four – Methodology....................................................................51 Chapter Five – Power and the Body............................................................81 Chapter Six – Power and Pedagogy............................................................122 Chapter Seven – Power and Space..............................................................155 Chapter Eight – Student Tactics................................................................179 Chapter Nine – Conclusion.....................................................................202 Appendices........................................................................................212 References.........................................................................................241


The transmission-line matrix (TLM) method is coupled with asymptotic methods such as physical optics (PO) to compute the electromagnetic field produced by small objects with complex geometry that interact with electrically large conducting structures. The problem is divided into two sub-problems. First, one solves for fields using TLM and compute fields outside the TLM computational volume by using Kirchhoffs integral. Then, using time-domain physical optics (TDPO), fields radiated by the large metallic structures located outside the TLM are computed. Then, a more accurate calculation can be achieved by adding to the PO field, the fringe wave (FW) field which takes into account the diffraction. Finally, some simulation results show the improvement brought by the equivalent edge current (EEC's). (5 pages)


This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows:

To review the benefits and harms of surgery for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea.


stainless steel alloyed with 22% Cr, 3% Mo, and 5−6% Ni. It is characterized by good fatigue strength, outstanding resistance to stress corrosion cracking, and general corrosion in severe environments. Duplex steel offers very high yield strength compared to the standard austenitic stainless steel. The main applications for duplex steel are chemical processing, transport, storage, pressure vessels, tanks, oil field piping, and heat exchangers.


In the study reported here, I examined the diagrams that mathematically capable high school students produced in solving applied calculus problems in which a diagram was provided in the problem statement. Analyses of the diagrams contained in written solutions to selected free-response problems from the 1996 BC level Advanced Placement Calculus Examination provided insight into the various ways that students modified these diagrams and constructed new diagrams. I investigated relationships between the frequency or nature of the diagrams produced by high- and low-scoring male and female students and students' problem-solving success. Females, who were less successful in problem solving, produced more diagrams than males. Diagrams constructed or modified by males tended to be simpler than the more elaborate versions produced by females.