We establish sharp pointwise Green's function bounds and consequent linearized stability for smooth traveling front solutions, or relaxation shocks, of general hyperbolic relaxation systems of dissipative type, under the necessary assumptions ([32, 108, 110]) of spectral stability, i.e., stable point spectrum of the linearized operator about the wave, hyperbolic stability of the corresponding ideal shock of the associated equilibrium system, and transversality of the connecting profile, with no additional assumptions on the structure or strength of the shock. Restricting to Lax type shocks, we establish the further result of nonlinear stability with respect to small L 1 n H 2 perturbations, with sharp rates of decay in L p , 2 ≤ p ≤ ∞, for weak shocks of general simultaneously symmetrizable systems; for discrete kinetic models, and initial perturbation small in W 3,1 n W 3, ∞ , we obtain sharp rates of decay in L p , 1 ≤ p < ∞, for (Lax type) shocks of arbitrary strength. This yields, in particular, nonlinear stability of weak relaxation shocks of the discrete kinetic Jin-Xin and Broad-well models, for which spectral stability has been established in [61, 43], and in [52], respectively. Our analysis follows the basic pointwise semigroup approach introduced by Zumbrun and Howard [107] for the study of traveling waves of parabolic systems; however, significant extensions are required to deal with the nonsectorial generator and more singular short-time behavior of the associated (hyperbolic) linearized equations. Our main technical innovation is a systematic method for refining large-frequency (short-time) estimates on the resolvent kernel, suitable in the absence of parabolic smoothing.


A solution is obtained of the problem of interaction of a standing electromagnetic wave with a gas of ions in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The cases when the Larmor radius of the ions is much smaller and much larger than the transverse size of the wave beam are considered. The width of a nonlinear resonance is found for these cases. It is shown that an inhomogeneity of the magnetic field gives rise to a new effect which can be described as the coherence length for the interaction of ions with an electromagnetic wave.


This paper investigates the use of a surrogate model based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Radial Basis Functions (RBF) for calibrating the nanoindentation-based loading of an elastic–plastic material. Using Taguchi design of experiments and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the total number of finite element-based training points is reduced for input parameters that exhibited lower significance. It is found that ANOVA-based sensitivity information can be used to reduce the number of training points without significantly affecting model accuracy. It is also observed that RBFs capable of conforming nonlinearly perform better when the spatial distance between training points increases. Furthermore, for some RBFs the performance is further tuned by choice of the shape parameters. Finally, it is demonstrated that the surrogate model's performance remains stable under the effect of random noise. Thereby, this study provides a general framework for solving a nanoindentation-based material modelling inverse problem using the POD–RBF technique.


The HeI photoelectron spectra of methylamine, methyl alcohol and methyl mercaptan were measured in gas phase. Theoretical calculations were performed by the CNDO/2 method. An interesting relationship was found between observed band widths of the first bands and calculated coefficients of the molecular orbitals.


IoT is an acronym comprised from three letters: (I), (o), and (T). But the Internet (I) has never been highly associated with the term 'trust.' Identity theft, false information, a breakdown in personal privacy, and so many other negative features of (I) cause some people to avoid the Internet altogether. But for most people, avoidance is not an option. The other letter of importance here is the one associated with 'things' (T). Similar trust concerns occur for (T). Why? Because the 'things' carry their own baggage of trust concerns and the interactions between 'things' exacerbate these concerns. In short, and from a trust standpoint, the IoT is an untrustworthy backbone with untrustworthy things attached -a perfect storm [1].


Legislative drafters follow formalized conventions when crafting statutory and regulatory texts. This article investigates how such conventions can facilitate rules-based information extraction. Using regulatory reform as a case study, we apply rules derived from legislative drafting to automatically measure prescriptivity in federal Canadian regulations. Prescriptivity, understood as a relative concept of commands in relation to permissions, is a key concept in regulatory reform as countries seek to adjust the administrative burden placed on their companies and citizens. Canadian legislative drafters express commands and permissions through standardized language. We measured prescriptivity by counting associated signaling terms across a corpus of 2300 Canadian regulations. The resulting prescriptivity scores meaningfully describe policy-relevant characteristics of regulatory texts. These scores provide a basic metric to inform regulatory reform and highlight the value of rules-based analytics derived from legislative drafting conventions.


Building on the work of historian David Garrow, this paper attempts to measure the true extent of the problem of judicial decrepitude among the members of the U.S. Supreme Court since the high court's inception in 1789. After presenting the relevant data, the author concludes (contra Garrow and others) that the incidence of judicial decrepitude is relatively infrequent and rare.


Oleksandr Levchenko, Professor, Doctor in Economics (Doctor of Economic Sciences) Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine Olga Tkachuk, Associate Professor, PhD in Economics (Candidate of Economic Sciences) Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine The Strategic Aspects of the Development of Innovative Integrated Structures in Ukraine: Basic Components and Contemporary Instrumentation The paper is devoted to the research of strategic aspects of the development of innovative-integrated structures in Ukraine in the conditions of the globalization of economic relations in the world. The relevance of developing the innovative strategies of economy's management at the level of state and its regions, implementation the effective innovation policy and appropriate mechanisms for its realization with using the modern forms, methods, levers, instruments of regulation of the innovation processes are emphasized. On the basis of the analysis of tendencies in the sphere of innovation activity and socio-economic development of the country as a whole, the lack of favorable prerequisites for the significant dissemination of innovative-integrated structures at the current stage of development of the national economy has been stated. The expediency of a strategic approach to the regulation of the processes of creation and development of the innovative-integrated structures in Ukraine has been underlined, which is aimed to the long-term management on basis the defined goals and using the set of means regarding their achievement, taking into account the actions of external and internal conditions and the dynamics of their change. The purpose and content of the main components of the strategic approach to the development of innovative-integrated structures, such as a strategic analysis and monitoring, strategic forecasting, strategic planning, strategic management, are defined. The peculiarities of applying of the modern strategic instrumentation of development of the innovativeintegrated structures are substantiated to which of what are been: a foresight research, branding of territories, territorial benchmarking, program-target method, scenario method, etc. strategy, strategic instrumentation, innovative model of economy, innovative-integrated structure, foresight, benchmarking, branding


Nowadays, the demand for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technology has increased immensely in various fields, such as the agriculture industry, smart mines, smart factories, healthcare industry, etc. Industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) act as a backbone of any IIoT system by forming a network of heterogeneous sensors. In IWSNs, the fault occurrence probability is more due to continuous exposure to harsh environments. Furthermore, the presence of obstacles creates an extra burden in fault detection. In this article, the proposed scheme presents an optimal fault diagnostic point selection mechanism that significantly reduces fault detection latency and energy consumption. Multiple intelligent mobile fault detectors effectively avoid obstacles during the fault detection process that significantly improves fault detection accuracy (FDA). Extensive simulations and a testbed experiment demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of FDA, false alarm rate, false positive rate, F1-score, energy consumption, and network lifetime.


Polysomnography (PSG) is the standard test for diagnosing sleep apnea. However, the approach is obtrusive, time-consuming, and with limited access for patients in need of sleep apnea diagnosis. In recent years, there have been many attempts to search for an alternative device or approach that avoids the limitations of PSG. Pressure-sensitive mats (PSM) have proven to be able to detect central sleep apneas (CSA) and be a potential alternative for PSG. In the current study, we combine advanced machine learning approaches with a practical unobtrusive home monitoring device (PSM) to detect CSA events from data collected nocturnally and unattended. Two deep learning methods are implemented for the automatic detection of CSA events: a temporal convolutional network (TCN) and a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network. The deep learning models are compared to a classical machine learning approach (linear support vector machine, SVM) and a simple threshold-based algorithm. Considering the characteristics of each method, we choose strategies, including resampling and weighted cost-functions, to optimize the methods and to perform CSA detection as anomaly detection in an imbalanced data set. We evaluate the performance of all models on a database containing 7 days of data from 9 elderly patients. From the resulting 63 days, data from 7 patients (49 days) are devoted to training for optimizing hyperparameters, and data from 2 patients (14 days) are devoted to testing. Experimental results indicate that the best-performing model achieves an accuracy of 95.1% through training an BiLSTM network. Overall, the implemented deep learning methods achieve better performance than the conventional classification approach (SVM) and the simple threshold-based method, and show good potential for the use of PSM for practical unobtrusive monitoring of CSA.


It is a fundamental task for colleges universities in our country to train the constructors and successors for the socialist cause, who should develop in an all-round way — morally, intellectually and physically. Dalian University of Technology(DUT) has always been taking the talents' training as its fundamental task and life line, ensuring teaching in the central position of its work. The fine situation has gradually been formed in DUT in the following aspects: the leading persons in various units attach importance to teaching; all the teachers love teaching; the relevant policies are inclining to teaching; teaching enjoys priority to the funds; the scientific research is promoting teaching; the administration serves teaching; rear-service departments guarantee teaching; the public opinion is guided to teaching; all the people are concerned with teaching and all is for educating people.


A reforming method of a carbon nanotube is provided to improve solubility and dispersibility of the carbon nanotube by binding various plasma species on a surface of the carbon nanotube and to separating or refining SWCNT of metallic and semiconductive properties. A reforming method of a carbon nanotube comprises steps of: synthesizing the carbon nanotube; refining the synthesized carbon nanotube; irritating the plasma in the refined-processed carbon nanotube; and processing the refined-processed carbon nanotube in an acidic aqueous solution before or after a plasma processing step.


In this paper, we show how difficult it is, on both an individual and collective level, to clearly identify those responsible for GHG emissions. The notion of backward-looking responsibility itself is not enough to grasp the moral dimension of climate change, and even seems counterproductive. We defend a kind of forward-looking type of responsibility based on a thought experiment, the "vulcanocene," which clears humans of all responsibility for GHG emissions and defends the idea of positive debt.


In the midst of the ongoing financial crisis in 2008, the Swedish government decided to liberalize the labour migration policy from third countries. After several decades of having a restrictive sy ...


In a prospective study on psychiatric emergencies in the setting of a general hospital, the phenomenon of repeat-visits was studied. Results confirm that repeaters repre sent a sizeable load on emergency services—about 18% of all psychiatric emergen cies. Females and neurotics are over-represented among the repeaters. Chronic repeaters tend to evoke strong feelings among the emergency physicians thereby decreasing their chances of referral to the psychiatry resident on call.


The purpose of this study was to investigate some of the ways in which self‐esteen might be enhanced. Two videotape treatments (a playback and no playback condition), two role playing treatments (a high status and low status condition), and three reinforcement or feedback treatments (a positive reinforcement, and a no reinforcement condition), were employed. The results showed that self‐esteem varied positively as a function of the form (positive or negative) of response feedback.


This study examines the determinants of Operational Efficiency and the relationship between Operational Efficiency and Solvency of the logistics joint-stock companies (JSCs) listed on the Vietnam Stock market in order to find out long–term solutions for increasing business effectiveness. The research offers theoretical contributions and extends understanding of Operational Efficiency and Solvency of the logistics joint-stock companies (JSCs) listed on the Vietnam Stock market in the literature. This study mainly investigates 30 listed logistics firms with data collected from 2014 to 2018 with participation of 150 observations. We employed data collection by using secondary data which is taken from two biggest stock exchanges in Vietnam: Hanoi Stock Exchange and Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, factor analysis and regression to consider the relationship between Operational Efficiency and Solvency. The results showed that Operational Efficiency has significant and positive relationship on Solvency, while scale of company, degree of financial independence, total assets and sales have positive impact on Operational Efficiency. The findings of this study suggest that surveyed firms should restructure their total assets and low OE firms should raise more debts to balance between their performance and solvency.


The utility model discloses a device based on hard wire control and used for rapidly recognizing a city track traffic vehicle malfunction door. The device comprises a network monitoring module, a diode and door driving devices with a number being the integral multiple of 2, wherein left and right doors respectively comprise two sets of door driving devices, one set of left and right door driving devices are in series connection so as to form respective column signals of the left and right doors and are respectively connected to the network monitoring module, the left door driving devices of the other set of the left and right door driving devices are in parallel connection and the right door driving devices of the other set of the left and right door driving devices are in parallel connection so as to form respective row signals of the left and right doors, and left and right door driving devices at corresponding positions are parallelly connected to the network monitoring module via the diode. The device is simple and reliable in control and high in efficiency.


Non-traumatic splenic rupture is a rare entity; the frequency reported in the world literature is less than 1%. Most hematologic malignancies can affect the spleen, including various types of lymphomas, leukemia, and malignant plasma cell tumors. The most common haematological neoplasia affecting the spleen is Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, among which the diffuse B-cell subtype is the most common. This article presents a case report of pathological splenic rupture in a 26-year-old patient as the first clinical manifestation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Early diagnosis and clinical suspicion play a vital role in the outcome. A concise review of the available literature on the definitions and diagnostic findings of this event is made.


In this work, we consider the problem of tracking markers in sequences of images for the human movement analysis. The images are captured from a common CCD camera in a non-supervised environment. As we will see, the image processing chain consists mainly of morphological segmentation, prediction, and matching operations.


To the Editor: —The Journalfor Nov. 15, 1930, contains an article by Joseph A. Pettit, M.D., Portland, Ore., in which the author states: "About the time this technic was brought out Skillern presented a plastic flap technic lacking in the essential advantages presented by mine." And on the next page Pettit writes further: "I find three distinct disadvantages in the Skillern operation, in which the lower or lateral flap is plicated beneath the upper or medial flap: (1) It is not possible to make so extensive a plication; (2) it is not possible to construct a new fascial canal for the structures of the cord without producing an additional curve having a sharp and disadvantageous angulation, and (3) the general reconstruction is anatomically incorrect." The article describing the operation referred to was published in 1922 (Skillern, P. G.: The Choice of Operation in Inguinal Hernia, Surg. Gynec. Obst


A study was conducted to evaluate growth traits, including body weight, body length, chest girth, leg length, shank length and shank circumference, using data obtained from 150 mixed sex birds originating from improved Nigerian local chicken (75 normal feather and 75 naked neck genotypes) of 4 – 16 weeks of age. Body weight of each genotype and at various ages was regressed on other growth traits studied. During the early growth phase (4 – 8 weeks), there were significant variations (p<0.05) between the normal feather and naked neck birds in body weight, body length, leg length and shank circumference with the normal feather having higher values. No disparity (p>0.05) was observed in the two genotypes for all traits by the 16 week of age. Strong and highly significant (p<0.001) correlation coefficients (r) were estimated between body weight and other growth traits in the normal feather (0.62 – 0.94) and naked neck (0.73 – 0.94). Apart from the 4 week of age, strong and positive correlations were obtained between body weight and the other traits (p<0.001). Significant and high coefficient of determination R was obtained when body weight was regressed on the other growth traits in the normal feather and naked neck population (0.89 and 0.90 respectively). The R was also high (>0.77) for all ages except at 4 weeks of age (0.04), indicating that most of these traits could be used to forecast body weight precisely at various ages.


The steady state for simple reactions is described mathematically by systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations of the form ϵui″=kih(u1,…,un,x), where h is nonnegative for u1≥0,…, un≥0. Here ϵ is proportional to the reciprocal of the reaction rate, so for fast reactions is small. We study the behavior of nonnegative solutions of such systems with Dirichlet boundary data in the limit as ϵ→0+. Assuming that h is continuous (but not necessarily differentiable), increasing in u1, …, un, and has the property that ui = 0 implies h = 0, we show that each concentration ui tends from above to a suitable piece-wise-linear limiting solution. In particular, if n = 2 and h(u1,u2,x) > 0 for u1u2>0, the limiting solution fails to be differentiable at only one point; that is, in the limit the reaction occurs only near a single point. But if only h(u1,u2,x)≥0 for u1u20 holds, then the limiting solution may fail to be differentiable at two points.


Recent progress of ecologically friendly metal-silicide semiconductor research is presented. β-FeSi2, which isa direct bandgap semiconducting material with an energy gap of 0.87 eV, is shown to be one of the candidatematerials for future optoelectronic and energy devices from ecological and resource viewpoints. Variousfabrication methods of β-FeSi2 and its recent device applications are introduced. Other interesting metalsilicidematerials are also discussed.


Background: Children's health, preserving and promoting it is a health priority of any society. Malnutrition affects all age groups, but malnutrition in children is one of the most common nutritional problems that can delay body growth, shortened height, frequent infections, mental retardation, the prevalence of mental disorders, lack of academic achievement and reduced efficacy. Because of the importance and impact of this issue in children, the purpose of this study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of underweight in Iranian children, in order to highlight the importance of this issue to health policy-makers. Methods: A meta-analysis was performed for relevant articles in scientific databases including Scientific Information Database (SID), ScienceDirect, PubMed and Google Scholar. Entrance criteria included cross-sectional studies (March 1996 to February 2017) that had a low incidence of underweight in Iranian children in different parts of Iran. Non-relevant articles included review articles, interventions, cohorts and case studies, and studies that looked at obesity, overweight and the relationship between these factors and other diseases, excluded from the study list. Reference lists of identified articles were reviewed for additional articles. Heterogeneity of study was checked using I 2 index and the possibility of publication bias by funnel plot and Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation test and a significance level of 0.1. Data were analyzed using the comprehensive meta-analysis software, version 3 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA). Results: In 26 articles reviewed in the study, total number of participants was 142938 persons at the age of 1 month to 12 years. The overall prevalence of underweight in Iranian children was 15.5% (Cl 95%: 12%-19.7%) during 1996 to 2017. The highest prevalence of underweight in was recorded in Birjand city in 2006 and Zahedan city in 2009, 68.6% (Cl 95%: 63.3%-72.9%) and the lowest prevalence of underweight in was found in city of Jahrom in 2013, 1.8% (Cl 95%: 1.2%-2.9%). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the prevalence of low-birth-weight in the country is high and requires interventional measures. Abstract


An ultra-broadband and dual-polarized antenna for LTE (1700~2700 MHz) base station applications is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of the radiators, feed structures, and reflector. Specifically, the radiator has a pair of crisscross dipoles to realize dual-polarized. Each dipole is fed by a Y-shaped microstrip stub, which is directly fed by a coaxial cable. The simulated results by HFSS show that the antenna has the operating bandwidth of 1.72~2.72 GHz for S11<−10dB, and an average isolation of 30dB. Besides, the half-power beam width (HPBW) of the antenna is around 75°, and the gain of the antenna has an average gain of 8.5 dBi.


The author gives in the article the review of postwar Ukrainian dramaturgy. The causes stood on the way of this genre development and the ways of stage embodiment problems solving are examined. The general characteristic of the most popular dramas of 40-50s of XXth century (psychological drama of Yu. Yanovsky «The prosecutor's daughter» and comedy of V.Mynko «No calling the surnames») is proposed.


We present a dialogue manager for "Call for Fire" training dialogues. We describe the training environment, the domain, the features of its novel information state-based dialogue manager, the system it is a part of, and preliminary evaluation results.


The concepts of multiple code theory and the referential process are examined in relation to levels of awareness and the sense of self as characterized in recent work in neuropsychology by Damasio. The juxtaposition of subsymbolic and symbolic systems in working memory, as this operates in the referential process, is central to both consciousness and the sense of self. The roots of pathology lie in dissociation within emotion schemas; this applies at different levels for all forms of neurosis. The goal of psychoanalytic treatment is integration of dissociated schemas; this requires activation of subsymbolic, including bodily experience, in the session itself, in relation to symbolic representations of present and past experience. Implications concerning repression, resistance, the primary process, the role of language in therapeutic change, and other psychoanalytic concepts are discussed.


This study evaluates seasonal precipitation forecasts over China produced by statistically postprocessing multiple‐output fields from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts' System4 (SYS4) coupled ocean‐atmosphere general circulation model (CGCM). To ameliorate systematic deficiencies in the SYS4 precipitation forecasts, we apply a Bayesian joint probability (BJP) modeling approach to calibrate the raw forecasts. To improve the skill of the calibration forecasts, we use six large‐scale climate indices, calculated from SYS4 sea surface temperature forecasts, to establish a set of BJP statistical bridging models to forecast precipitation. The calibration forecasts and bridging forecasts are merged through Bayesian model averaging to combine strengths of the different models. The BJP calibration effectively removes bias and improves statistical reliability of the raw forecasts. The calibration forecasts are skillful at a 0 month lead in most seasons, but skill decreases sharply at a 1 month lead. The skill of the bridging forecasts is more stable at different lead times. Consequently, the merged calibration and bridging forecasts at a 1 month lead are clearly more skillful than the calibration forecasts, and the skill is maintained out to a 4 month lead. The forecast framework used in this study can help to better realize the potential of CGCM ensemble forecasts. The increased reliability as well as improved skill of seasonal precipitation forecasts suggests that the system proposed here could be a useful operational forecasting tool.


The researchers reviewed 1,523 consecutive breast MRI exams performed from Jan. 1, 2003, to June 30, 2005, to identify all lesions initially detected on MRI and assessed as BI-RADS 4 or 5 for which the patient underwent subsequent imaging-guided needle or excisional biopsy. They recorded BI-RADS lesion features for each case and the risk of malignancy was assessed using generalized estimating equations.


Cardiovascular MRI (CMR) is complementary to transthoracic echocardiography in the characterization of cardiac masses by offering a more complete view through its unlimited imaging planes and tissue characterization with the use of multiple imaging sequences. In this instance, CMR was able to noninvasively diagnose an atypical presentation of endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) in a 44-year-old woman who presented with new-onset heart failure and a cardiac mass. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a 9-cm2 mass arising from the inferoposterior wall of the left ventricle (Figure 1, Supplementary Videos 1 and 2) resulting in a left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with a dynamic 30-mm Hg gradient. The posterior leaflet was tented, producing severe mitral regurgitation (Figure 1, Supplementary Videos 3 and 4). Left ventricular contractility appeared normal. Cardiac catheterization revealed moderate pulmonary hypertension with an elevated pulmonary capillary wedge.

Figure 1. Transthoracic echocardiogram of intracardiac mass. A 9-cm2 mass (asterisk) from the inferoposterior wall of the left ventricle encompassing the posterolateral papillary muscle in the parasternal long (A) and apical 4-chamber (B) views. The mass led to severe mitral …


Coal has. for more years than any other fuel. been satisfying a large proportion of the energy requirements of the world. Even as recently as 1946, coal was providing 67.7% of the total energy requirements of New Zealand. In 1959 it had decreased to 37% while there was an increase of 36% in the total energy requirements. In the U.K., coal's share of the total energy market was 44/ . In the U.S., in 1955. coal supplied 29? of the energy requirements. The quantity had fallen by 1960 to only 23'1 of the total, but the total is again rising. The demands for coal in the world are, however, increasing, and although the percentage increase over the next 10 to 15 years may not be as great as the percentage increase in the demands for liquid and gaseous fuels, nevertheless an appreciable increase in the total demand for coal is likely to be experienced.


The purpose of this action research study was to describe adolescent singers' experiences of belonging within one urban high school choral ensemble. Understanding student perspectives on belonging within music ensembles can assist choral educators, parents and administrators in order to more fully support adolescent emotional and social development in school. Tenth through twelfth grade students were selected from one northeastern high school choral programme in a large city within the USA. Twenty-six participants, in small groups of three to four students each, were asked to describe their experiences of belonging within the ensemble. Interview data were open, descriptively and analytically coded. Codes were gathered into categories. Five themes were developed, including choral experience as uncompetitive, sectional bonding as social bonding, singing as shared experience, chorus as safe space and trips as pivotal bonding experiences. Suggestions for future research include examining student belonging as part of choral teacher practices, studying school choral participation as stress reduction and investigating social belonging as embedded within group singing environments.


Intrinsically proton conducting polymers with imidazole as proton solvent tethered to a polysiloxane backbone via a flexible spacer have been synthesized. Apart from the standard characterization also their thermal properties and transport behavior have been investigated. The materials exhibit proton conductivity as a consequence of self‐dissociation of the imidazole moieties and "structure diffusion" of the resulting defects. In particular, no liquid phase such as water or monomeric imidazole is needed for the observed proton conductivities.


From Raman scattering experiments on Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1{minus}{ital x}}Y{sub {ital x}}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{ital y}} antiferromagnetism and lattice vibrations are investigated. The exchange integral is estimated as 1140 cm{sup {minus}1} at {ital x}=0.5. The energies of the vibrating modes of the O atoms on the CuO{sub 2} layers show drastic change with the decrease of hole concentration, while the modes of O atoms at the apexes of CuO{sub 5} pyramids do not, which is inverse to the case of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital y}}. It indicates that the doped holes enter O sites on the CuO{sub 2} layers in Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1{minus}{ital x}}Y{sub {ital x}}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{ital y}} and at the apexes in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital y}}.


We investigate the dependencies of the photocurrent in Si:Er p-n junctions on the energy of the incident photons. The exponential absorption edge (Urbach edge) just below fundamental edge of silicon was observed in the absorption spectra of epitaxial Si:Er layers grown at 400–600 C. It is shown that the introduction of erbium significantly enhances the structural disorder in the silicon crystal which was estimated from the slope of the Urbach edge. We discuss the possible nature of the structural disorder in Si:Er and a new mechanism of erbium excitation, which does not require the presence of deep levels in the band gap of silicon.


Abstract Petal abscission was studied in twelve hybrid tea rose (Rosa hybrida L.) cultivars. At about 20 °C the time to petal abscission in uncut stems in greenhouses was the same as in cut stems placed in water in the greenhouse or in a climate-controlled room. The time between petal unfolding and abscission depended on the cultivar, and varied between 12 and 35 d. The time to petal abscission of the cultivars was inversely correlated with their flower diameter at full bloom (linear regression, r2 = 0·82). In the cultivars with a relatively large flower diameter (10-18 cm) the petals fell without visible desiccation symptoms, whereas in the group with a small diameter the petals were partially or fully desiccated when shed. Fertilization occurred in some flowers of a few cultivars studied. In cultivars with a relatively large flower diameter (Papa Meilland, Cocktail, Dr. Verhage, Tineke) it had no effect on the time to abscission in Motrea, Europa, and Carolien roses, which bear small flowers, the petals fell after fertilization, whereas in unfertilized flowers of the latter group of cultivars an abscission zone just above the uppermost node became active and all parts above this node (pedicel and flower) turned brown and desiccated, though remained attached for more than a month. It is concluded that in the cultivars investigated: (a) the time to petal abscission was inversely related to their flower diameter, (b) abscised petals were more desiccated in cultivars in which the time to abscission was longer, (c) fertilization had little effect on the time to abscission in most cultivars, whereas the absence of fertilization prevented petal abscission in a number of the small-diameter cultivars where it was replaced by flower abscission, and (d) cutting and placement in water at 20 °C did not affect the time to abscission.


Whereas researchers have examined dispositions in teacher education programs, literature to assist the eld of principal preparation is limited. However, the Educational Leadership Constituency Council standards clearly delineate dispositions that are essential for the success of school leaders. The faculty at a southeastern public university currently requires an individual disposition conference before a principal candidate begins the internship. This conference, serving as one of the transition points in the Educational Leadership program, addresses areas of leadership the faculty believe crucial to strengthening professional growth. Data gathered during 76 conferences indicate that the most frequently addressed dispositional domain concerned professional demeanor and work ethic. Moral and ethical dispositions were presented least. Speci c dispositions within each domain are discussed in the study. note: This module has been peer-reviewed, accepted, and sanctioned by the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration (NCPEA) as a signi cant contribution to the scholarship and practice of education administration. In addition to publication in the Connexions Content Commons, this module is published in the International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 1 Volume 4, Number 3 (July September 2009). Formatted and edited in Connexions by Theodore Creighton, Virginia Tech. ∗Version 1.1: Aug 17, 2009 1:36 pm -0500 †http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ http://ijelp.expressacademic.org http://cnx.org/content/m31400/1.1/ OpenStax-CNX module: m31400 2


Summary
1. Recent increases in fire frequency in North America have focused interest on potential effects on adjacent ecosystems, including streams. Headwaters could be particularly affected because of their high connectivity to riparian and downstream aquatic ecosystems through aquatic invertebrate drift and emergence.

2. Headwater streams from replicated burned and control catchments were sampled in 2 years following an intense forest fire in northeastern Washington (U.S.A.). We compared differences in benthic, drift and emergent macroinvertebrate density, biomass and community composition between five burned and five unburned catchments (14–135 ha).

3. There were significantly higher macroinvertebrate densities in burned than control sites for all sample types. Macroinvertebrate biomass was greater at burned sites only from emergence samples; in benthic and drift samples there was no significant difference between burn and control sites.

4. For all sample types, diversity was lower in the burned catchments, and the macroinvertebrate community was dominated by chironomid midges.

5. Compared to the effects of fire in less disturbed ecosystems, this study illustrated that forest fire in a managed forest may have greater effects on headwater macroinvertebrate communities, influencing prey flow to adjacent terrestrial and downstream aquatic habitats for at least the first 2 years post-fire.


Vehicle detection in wide area motion imagery (WAMI) has drawn increasing attention from the computer vision research community in recent decades. In this paper, we present a new architecture for vehicle detection on road using multi-task network, which is able to detect and segment vehicles, estimate their pose, and meanwhile yield road isolation for a given region. The multi-task network consists of three components: 1) vehicle detection, 2) vehicle and road segmentation, and 3) detection screening. Segmentation and detection components share the same backbone network and are trained jointly in an end-to-end way. Unlike background subtraction or frame differencing based methods, the proposed Multitask Assessment of Roads and Vehicles Network (MARVN) method can detect vehicles which are slowing down, stopped, and/or partially occluded in a single image. In addition, the method can eliminate the detections which are located at outside road using yielded road segmentation so as to decrease the false positive rate. As few WAMI datasets have road mask and vehicles bounding box anotations, we extract 512 frames from WPAFB 2009 dataset and carefully refine the original annotations. The resulting dataset is thus named as WAMI512. We extensively compare the proposed method with state-of-the-art methods on WAMI512 dataset, and demonstrate superior performance in terms of efficiency and accuracy.


1 In 72 male rabbits fed a 1% cholesterol supplemented diet the effect of a 4 weeks daily infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1, 20 μg kg−1min−1 over 2 h) on [125I]‐low density lipoprotein (LDL) accumulation (10 μCi; 0.5 mg protein ml−1) was examined versus sham‐treatment after removal of the endothelium of the abdominal aorta by a Fogarthy catheter. 2 The uptake of [125I]‐LDL was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in endothelium‐free aortic segments (showing the highest peak maximum at around 12 h after 125I‐injection) as compared to aortic segments with endothelium intact (showing the lowest uptake of [125I]‐LDL with the peak maximum at 48 h, last control time). Segments with the endothelium restored showed a similar LDL‐retention curve to segments with endothelium however, being again significantly (P < 0.01) higher. 3 PGE1‐treatment caused reduction in LDL‐accumulation, being significantly (P < 0.001) pronounced in segments without endothelium and in segments with endothelium restored. 4 The findings indicate a beneficial effect of PGE1 in lipid metabolism by decreasing the LDL‐influx into the arterial wall in‐vivo.


In this paper we outline an approach to improving information interaction in exploratory search based on the concept of semantic navigation. We introduce the concept of semantic navigation, discuss some approaches to providing support for semantic navigation at the interface level, and introduce the example of reading tools that have been developed in the context of the Open Journal Systems.


In this work the technique of longitudinal diaphragms is applied to MWT design based on four-ridge rectangular waveguides. The physical basis of mode transformation is discussed, the process of transformation of one propagating mode of the waveguide to another on different steps of the device is illustrated. The geometry of designed devices, pictures of electromagnetic waves distribution on transformer length and S-parameters, which are demonstrating wide bandwidth and good transformation efficiency, are shown.


Object in real world are categorical in nature. Categorical data are not analyzed as numerical data because of the absence of inherit ordering. In this study performance of cosine based hierarchical clustering algorithm for categorical data is evaluated. It make use of two functions such as Frequency Computation, Term Frequency based Cosine Similarity Matrix (TFCSM) computation. Clusters are formed using TFCSM based hierarchical clustering algorithm. Results are evaluated for vote real life data set using TFCSM based hierarchical clustering and standard hierarchical clustering algorithm using single link, complete link and average link method.


In the last Step by Step we considered the role of the Community Health Councils, one of whose functions has been to support an individual complainant. The last point of appeal in the complaints system has been the Health Service Commissioner (HSC) otherwise known as the Ombudsman.


A significant part of the Sochi resort region is included into the unique natural protected areas, such as the Caucasus biosphere reserve and Sochi National Park. Development of the regional economy is largely dependent on the natural geo/bio/cenoses management effectiveness on the protected territories. Monitoring of the water resources status and their management is of the particular importance, since the biodiversity of the aquatic environment and the terrestrial flora and fauna of the area dependent on these factors, as well as ensuring the citizen's requirements and rights. However, presently no one of the existing water environment state assessment methods is able to account various and complex natural communities' responses to different stress factors and their combined impact.The article presents the world experience on concept of the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) application and development of the some aspect of the comprehensive natural resources regulation methodology. The authors believe that some elements of environmental management practiced in national parks and reserves of the republic of South Africa can be applicable in development of a system that provides consistent monitoring of environmental quality, the mastering of a sufficient and user-friendly database, based on a set of measures for the conservation and restoration of natural resources One of the most significant watercourses of the protected nature territories of the South of Russia, the Mzymta River has been used as a study case


In this paper it's proposed to use the parameter of information security risk in the formula of EIGRP protocol metric calculation to route the traffic by the most secure paths in the network. The method proposes to calculate the risk on the basis of two risk parameters: the risk, which is calculated to the basis of the NIST CVSS standard and the risk calculated on the basis of formula for the degree of node vulnerability from the theory of information systems survivability. It lets to consider and the information security of routed packets and the structural integrity of the network. Also it's proposed the modified algorithm of load balancing between paths that let to offload the most efficient routing node while the network is under the denial of service (DoS) attack.The results of the research shows that the proposed approach can be used to increase the chance of prevention of the information security violation of routed packets and to keep safe the most efficient routing nodes in the network that allow to route the trusted traffic in efficient manner while the network is under DoS attack or lack critical system resources.


To explore the feasibility of replacing natural hydraulic lime (NHL) with lime-metakaolin (L-MK) in the restoration of soil sites, the samples of L-MK-modified silty sand (hereinafter L-MK-modified soil) underwent 0, 5, 10, and 15 dry-wet cycles and were then tested for mass loss, unconfined compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength. Some samples were tested using XRD, TG and SEM microscopic tests to study the strength mechanism for L-MK- and NHL-modified soil. The results showed that the mass loss ratios of the L-MK- and NHL-modified soils after 15 dry-wet cycles were within 2%. The compressive and tensile strengths of the L-MK-modified soil decreased with more dry-wet cycles, but the tensile strength decreased sharply initially and then to be stable after five dry-wet cycles. The attenuation characteristics were different obviously for the failure mode of compressive and tensile strength and the unevenness of the specimen caused by dry-wet cycles. The compressive and tensile strengths of L-MK-modified soil were significantly higher than those of NHL-modified soil after the same dry-wet cycle, and the decreased range of compressive and tensile strength was smaller than that of NHL-modified soil. The strength formation and attenuation characteristics of L-MK-modified soil are closely related to the influence of dry-wet cycles on the hydration products (e.g., CSH and C4AH13) generated by hydration reaction. The mix proportion of 6% L + 4% MK can effectively replace 8% and 10% NHL to protect soil sites.


B-splines are commonly used to fit complicated functions in Computer Aided Design and signal processing because they are simple yet flexible. However, how to place the knots appropriately in B-spline curve fitting remains a difficult problems. This article discusses a two-stage knot placement method to place knots adapting to the curvature structures of unknown function. In the first stage, a subset of basis functions is selected from the pre-specified multi-resolution basis set using a statistical variable selection method: Lasso. In the second stage, a vector space that is spanned by the selected basis functions is constructed and a concise knot vector is identified that is sufficient to characterize the vector space to fit the unknown function. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using numerical studies on multiple representative functions.


In this paper a modification of the nonlinear dynamic discrete-time neuron model, the so-called Dynamic Elementary Processor (DEP), is proposed. DEP disposes of local memory, in that it has dynamic states. Instead of the most popular unipolar and bipolar Sigmoidal neuron activation functions, the Gauss activation function with adaptive parameters is applied. Based on the DEP neurons in hidden layer a modified dynamic neural network (MDNN) without any Bias neurons is proposed. For such neural network, the Error Back- Propagation and RPROP learning strategies are compared in solving of two benchmarks, the Glass-Mackey time series prediction and XOR classification problem.


Abstract: Purpose: This study aims to obtain a complete, clear, detailed, and systematic description of the legal aspects of a murabahah contract Methodology: The research used is normative-empirical legal research by examining all sources of legislation and direct descriptions in the field, with a conceptual approach. Results: Murabahah contract is a sale and purchase contract of an item where the seller mentions the selling price and profit level, where the selling price is approved by the buyer. The characteristic is that the seller must tell the price of the product and determine a level of profit. The legal aspects in the murabahah contract include legal subjects, legal objects, legal events, and legal relationships. Keywords: 1. Legal Aspects 2. Murabahah Contract 3. Sharia Financing Facilities


Abstract Objective Since Wnt signaling plays an important role in both tooth agenesis and altered intestine homeostasis, the aim was to compare gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with isolated oligodontia caused by a Wnt pathway gene mutation and controls. Methods A case–control study was designed to compare self‐reported gastrointestinal symptoms among patients with isolated oligodontia, caused by a Wnt signaling gene mutation, and fully dentate controls. The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) was used to assess gastrointestinal symptoms. Prevalence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms among patients and age‐ and gender‐matched controls were evaluated. Results Twenty patients with isolated oligodontia and a pathogenic variant in the wnt pathway genes WNT10A, LRP6, or PAX9 participated. The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms was higher in the oligodontia patients compared to their controls (Χ2(1) = 87.33, p = .008). Mean GSRS total scores (p = .011) and domain scores for "abdominal pain" (p = .022), "reflux" (p = .003) and constipation (p = .030) were higher for these oligodontia patients compared to their controls. Conclusion Gastrointestinal symptoms are more prevalent and more severe in patients with isolated oligodontia and a deficiency in a Wnt pathway‐related gene, when compared to controls without tooth agenesis.


The objective of this analysis was to fit germination data of Rhipsalis cereuscula Haw seeds to the Weibull model with three parameters using Frequentist and Bayesian methods. Five parameterizations were compared using the Bayesian analysis to fit a prior distribution. The parameter estimates from the Frequentist method were similar to the Bayesian responses considering the following non-informative a priori distribution for the parameter vectors: gamma (10³, 10³) in the model M 1 , normal (0, 10 6 ) in the model M 2 , uniform (0, L sup ) in the model M 3 , exp ( μ ) in the model M 4 and Lnormal (μ, 10 6 ) in the model M 5 . However, to achieve the convergence in the models M 4 and M 5 , we applied the μ from the estimates of the Frequentist approach. The best models fitted by the Bayesian method were the M 1 and M 3 . The adequacy of these models was based on the advantages over the Frequentist method such as the reduced computational efforts and the possibility of comparison.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the current practice among British urologists for obtaining written consent for flexible cystoscopy and other minor procedures under local anaesthesia.

METHODS
Postal questionnaires were sent to full members of The British Association of Urological Surgeons practising in the UK asking if they obtained written informed consent for local anesthetic procedures, e.g. flexible cystoscopy, urethral dilatation, and urethral catheterization for retention, for urodynamics or for intravesical chemotherapy. They were also asked whether they recorded that the risks and benefits of the procedure had been explained to the patient.

RESULTS
Respondents were divided on whether they obtained written consent for flexible cystoscopy and urethral dilatation. Most did not obtain written consent for catheterization for retention, urodynamics, intravesical chemotherapy or suprapubic catheterization. The policy was inconsistent both between and within urologists.

CONCLUSION
Given the medicolegal importance of informed consent, consensus among urologists is required so that national guidelines can be developed and a more rational policy applied.


The protocol of the teleportation of an arbitrary unknown one-qubit state is investigated when the quantum channel is subject to the decoherence from the non-Markovian environments with the memory effects. The quality of the teleportation measured by the average fidelity and minimal fidelity can be enhanced in the non-Markovian channel. The memory effects give rise to the revival of the fidelity which is better than that obtained by the Markovian channel.


To describe dietetics practice in various African countries.

 A cross-sectional web-based survey was administered in 2018 to dietetic managers, educators and administrators in all 52 African countries.

 Representatives from 18 countries responded to the survey. They were mostly female (69%), about half had completed doctoral degrees (48%), a majority in training roles (84%) with 46% in administrative roles. Respondents ranked hospitals as the highest employer of dietitians, followed by private practice and teaching in higher education. Dietitians in seven countries needed to pass certification examinations post-graduation. Nine countries reported the existence of a professional society for dietitians, with only two of these affiliated with the International Confederation of Dietetic Associations. Only two professional societies are recognized as a trade union by their governments. Poor job prospects, lack of recognition of the profession by the general public and lack of funding for training programs were some challenges identified by respondents. When asked about the perception of dietetics integration and importance, 23% of respondents felt that dietetics was well integrated into the healthcare system whilst 33% felt dietitians were recognized as a key component of the healthcare system.

 With the increase in disease burden from chronic diet-related diseases in Africa, dietetics practice needs to be prioritized and adequately funded to effectively contribute to the prevention and management of these diseases.

 No funding.


In Austria, rather drastic measures such as travel restrictions and shutdown were implemented earlier than in other countries to contain the coronavirus from spreading. Due to this fact, the curve of new COVID-19 cases flattened successfully. After only 7 weeks, Austria started to gradually reduce restrictions step by step. While the overall number of psychiatric hospital admissions was lower than usual, the number of severe cases among inpatients increased. In the general population, an increase of alcohol consumption and substance abuse was observed. For some weeks, there was a shortage of protective clothing for medical staff and of lithium medication. Frequently, psychiatric treatment changed from personal meetings with patients to tele- or videophone appointments. To separate people with psychiatric illness and COVID-19, some services were dedicated exclusively to this group, whereas other psychiatric services treated only those without COVID-19. Overall, psychiatric services were able to deliver treatment undisrupted throughout the whole shutdown.


In order to overcome the deficiencies of comparison method for real estate appraisal in the aspects of cases selection and their adjustment,GIS is proposed to implement the management and initial selection of the transaction cases;fuzzy similarity degree is proposed to do the selection of comparable cases;and fuzzy comprehensive appraisal is adopted to adjust their price for the appraisal of the real estate.A case study is given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method in solving the problems of the management and selection of comparable cases as well as price adjustment,which improves the correctness of the evaluation.


A model of competition on the electricity stock market is constructed using Cournot's competition model and the supply function equilibrium (SFE) model. The main distinctive features of the electricity markets are discussed. The models are then applied to a market with the participation of four manufacturers (a nuclear power plant (NPP) and three coal plants). A specific demand function which gives a good description of the market characteristics is formulated and an estimation is made to determine the marginal costs for producers. Three scenarios are presented in order to demonstrate the applicability of the models used and to shed light on the effects of the changing market environment on prices and market structure. The transmission and distribution losses and the capacity constraints of the manufacturers are not covered.


Chronic extensive infection of the sternal wound may be a serious problem in patients undergoing sternotomy, especially those who have been operated for coronary artery bypass grafts. We report and evaluate the outcomes of five cases involved in chronic sternal osteomyelitis who were treated with two different strategies as follows: (1) debridement and secondary healing (conventional treatment), and (2) debridement and omental flap transfer for primary wound closure. All of the patients had acceptable results after treatment, but those who were managed by omental flap and primary wound closure had better cosmetic results and a shorter hospital stay.


The design of an object-oriented system for manufacturing planning and control of a job-shop is described. Job-shop entities such as cells, machines, jobs, parts, and schedules are modeled as objects. The architecture of the system is derived from knowledge-based systems and computer simulation. It is observed that the object-oriented design facilitates knowledge-based machine interaction and real-time control of operations in the shop. The details of the ongoing research project and the implementation of the system on a workstation are summarized.<<ETX>>


3 Abstract: In this investigation, genotypes having yield level more than 400 g m were selected primarily as low 2 temperature tolerant. There were short and long duration genotypes in those groups. The combination of yield components was quite better in Group I. The genotypes having the highest spikelet number with better yield was found in Group III and IV but they had lower thousand-grain weight. The maximum and minimum temperature around panicle initiation (PI) were 28.7°C and 10.9°C for short duration genotypes and 24.4 and 11.0°C for long duration genotypes. The genotypes encountered low temperature and low solar radiation from vegetative to reproductive phases. A few genotypes maintained better phenotypic acceptability. Most of the selected genotypes experienced spikelet degeneration symptom. The genotypes (Group I, III and IV) producing huge number of spikelets might able to execute panicle differentiation at the initiation of panicle development. But at the subsequent stage there must have some growth impairment activities. In contrast, the genotypes (Group II and V) which having lower number of spikelet m might be affected primarily at the differentiation 2


Although frameworks grounded in national/societal culture approach (NCA) have dominated business literature in past decades, more recently, there have been increasing calls for the generation of dynamic approaches to culture – approaches that may serve as credible cultural sense-making tools without relying on static categorization of people based on their national/societal origin. In response to these calls, some business scholars have proposed dynamic models of culture grounded in cognitive psychology. Conversely, we explore anthropology literature, more precisely the Transactional Culture Approach (TCA) in search of credible alternatives to NCA. This search has led us to the Douglasian Cultural Framework (DCF). We show that DCF, as a transactional tool, meets the criteria for a credible alternative to NCA and can be satisfactorily applied in contexts where using frameworks grounded in NCA may not be suitable. By proposing DCF as an alternative tool, we open up new avenues for cultural research.


In this paper a low complexity adaptive Turbo equalization scheme using classical nonsystematic and recently proposed recursive systematic convolutional codes (NSC and RSC) has been analyzed. Although it was shown that at low signal to noise ratio (SNR), RSC outperforms the best NSC codes, in terms of bit error rate (BER), it is not the case when both codes are used in the proposed adaptive Turbo scheme. The results have been confirmed by simulations when the communication is performed over different communication channels and different code constraint lengths.


Introduction The UV fiber optics system has emerged in dissolution testing of solid dosage forms as a useful alternative to conventional dissolution tests in both research & development and quality control. The system allows continuous in situ analysis of the drug concentration without the need for sample withdrawal and preparation. Therefore, this technique not only facilitates automation, but also eliminates potential errors in sample preparation. However, the fiber optic analysis itself possesses some sources of error. Several critical parameters, such as interferences with insoluble excipients and changes in hydrodynamics in the dissolution vessel with probe position have been thoroughly addressed by C. Schatz et al. [1]. In the first part of this study, the influence of the orientation of one-sided immersion probes (see figure 1) in the vessel was investigated. Stronger light scattering interferences on the dissolution results could be expected when the open side of the probe faces the flow direction, because the likelihood of insoluble excipients flowing into the light pathway is greater. In the second part of this study, interferences from air bubbles adhering to the immersion probe were evaluated. Without media deaeration, air bubbles might be formed during a dissolution test or while dipping the probe in the media. A prednisolone 5-mg tablet formulation with a low drug to excipient ratio (drug content <4% m/m) was chosen for these studies.


The catalytic distillation process for the hydrolysis of methyl acetate was compared with the traditional fixed-bed process. It was demonstrated that the heat consumption of the former is 27.8% less than the latter, and the burden of the distillation columns TQ502 and TQ505 was about half reduced.


This thesis provides an interpretation and critical examination of Karl Marx's vision of the good life, a vision that is potent but also notoriously unspecified and opaque. It makes three major interpretive claims. First, it argues that at the heart of Marx's vision is an uncompromising commitment to ethical individualism, the view that the ultimate value and goal of human societies is the self-realisation of individuals. This individualism is explored through an examination of Marx's critique of the division of labour (Chapter 2) and hostility to social roles (Chapter 3). Second, it argues that Marx's ideas about the good life are not of a piece but change in crucial respects throughout his lifetime. For instance, it is argued that Marx gives different arguments in different texts as to why community is necessary for self-realisation (Chapter 3), and different arguments, too, about whether labour or leisure constitutes the true realm of self-realisation under communism (Chapter 4). Third, while Marx's views do indeed change in crucial respects throughout his lifetime, it argues that these changes cannot be understood in terms of a break between the 'early' and 'late' Marx, as is commonly claimed. Rather, it argues that Marx oscillated between different conceptions of the good life throughout his lifetime, never fully settling on one. On top of these interpretive claims, the thesis also addresses the question of which, if any, of Marx's visions provides the most feasible and desirable foundation for a Marxist conception of the good life today. Here, it is argued that in the concluding paragraphs of the 'Comments on James Mill's Elements D'economie Politique' (hereafter the Comments) Marx puts forward a richer and more plausible conception of the good life than that which he put forward in other texts.


For the security and validity of data in database system,we can have the data quickly return to the correct state when it suffered from data disasters.In order to ensure the data integrity and safety,we must adopt a reasonable data security and policy.For the database security problem,we have analyzed the strategies and measures of database backup rescovery,and put forward the corresponding strategies and methods.Combining with the case of teaching management information system and work,we put forward practical and concrete solutions.


In order to deal with the phenomenon of "biopiracy" as well as strengthen the control of utilization of genetic resources,Convention on Biological Diversity introduced "mutually agreed terms(MAT)" as a cornerstone of the legislative framework for the access to genetic resources and benefit sharing for various states.Later after the development of Bonn Guidelines and Nagoya Protocol,the evolution path of MAT has become clear at the level of international law.Generally speaking,MAT requires an agreement on the terms of access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing between the applicants and providers involved,via negotiations on the basis of the statutory standards.


AIM
To test the effectiveness of marketed polyherbal formulations on lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory conditions in macrophages.

BACKGROUND
Usage of herbal compounds among patients suffered by arthritis and cancer is increasing every year. Many anti-inflammatory herbal products available in the market should be screened thoroughly for their possible mechanism of action.

OBJECTIVE
Joint Pain Spl (JPS) is a polyherbal dietary food supplement composed of 13 herbal plants and Rumalaya Forte (RF) is a polyherbal formulation comprising of 6 herbal plants were tested for its cytotoxicity, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in LPS treated IC-21 peritoneal macrophages.

METHODS
Commercially available JPS and RF powder was used to prepare the extract. The aqueous and methanol extracts were quantified for the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compound and confirmed with HPLC. In vitro DPPH free scavenging activity was performed. Cytotoxicity was tested by MTT assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested using lipopolysaccharide stimulated IC-21 peritoneal macrophage cells.

RESULTS
The phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in JPS and RF. The aqueous and methanol extracts of JPS and RF possesses significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity. MTT assay revealed that 90.64% (aqueous extract) and 92.21% (methanol extract) of exposed macrophages are viable even after 24h exposure of maximal tested concentrations of herbal formulations. Pre-treatment of JPS and RF on LPS induced IC-21 macrophages showed an reduction in nitric oxide production (maximal 79.95%) and high level of superoxide anion scavenging activity (maximal 82.5%) over control.

CONCLUSION
The two tested poly herbal formulations such as JPS and RF possesses anti-inflammatory activity by modulating free radical generation in IC-21 macrophages. Thus the presence of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds may contribute to the antioxidant activity.


ThreeDView is a computer program that enables high-performance interactive display of real-world scenes with annotations. ThreeDView was developed primarily as a component of the Science Activity Planner (SAP) software, wherein it is to be used to display annotated images of terrain acquired by exploratory robots on Mars and possibly other remote planets. The images can be generated from sets of multiple-texture image data in the Visible Scalable Terrain (ViSTa) format, which was described in "Format for Interchange and Display of 3D Terrain Data" (NPO-30600) NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 28, No. 12 (December 2004), page 25. In ThreeDView, terrain data can be loaded rapidly, the geometric level of detail and texture resolution can be selected, false colors can be used to represent scientific data mapped onto terrain, and the user can select among navigation modes. ThreeDView consists largely of modular Java software components that can easily be reused and extended to produce new high-performance, application-specific software systems for displaying images of three-dimensional real-world scenes.


Sodium sulphate attack to limestone statue caused by a soil fertilizer. Crystallization of thenardite and mirabilite; The anhydrous salt is deposited from solutions above 32 degrees c. Granite decay due to dicalcium phosphate brushite. Cement attack on granite caused by crystals of trona, aphtitalite, sylvite, halite.


Background With the projected 673% increase in total knee arthroplasties (TKA) through the year 2030 in the United States alone, arthrofibrosis will become one of the more commonly encountered challenges in orthopaedic surgery. Methods After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval we retrospectively reviewed the results of 19 patients with a mean age at the time of surgery of 55.4 years (41–83) who underwent arthroscopic lysis of adhesions (ALOA) for arthrofibrosis at a minimum of 3 months after primary total knee arthroplasty by a single surgeon (SJC) at a single institution. All patients underwent a standardized adhesiolysis in the operating room. All patients had a minimum of 6 months follow up. All patients underwent arthroscopic lysis of adhersions for restricted range of motion (ROM) after failing aggressive physical therapy. We defined restriction in ROM as any extension lag >5°, and flexion ≤90°. Eight patients underwent manipulation under anesthesia for ROM less than 90° after ALOA. Results Preoperative ROM was compared to ROM measured at most recent follow up. The mean knee arc of motion improved by 17° (p=0.0402), the mean flexion arc improved from 17° (p=0.0263) and the number of patients with flexion less than or equal to 90° decreased from 13 patients to 6 patients (p=0.0049). There were no patients that required polyethylene exchange, no periprosthetic joint infections or intraoperative fractures and no patients who suffered deep vein thrombosis as a result of the procedure. Conclusion We conclude that arthroscopic lysis of adhesions for treatment of arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty is a safe and effective way to improve post-operative range of motion.


THIS REPORT DESCRIBES THE DRYER-DRUM PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF ASPHALT PAVEMENT MIXTURES. DAMP OR WET AGGREGATES AND ASPHALT ARE INTRODUCED INTO A DRYER DRUM. DRYING THE AGGREGATE AND COATING IT WITH ASPHALT ARE ACCOMPLISHED AS THE MATERIALS PASS THRU THE DRYER. NO FURTHER MIXING IS REQUIRED. RESULTS OF TESTS, I.E., PENETRATION LOSS, COMPACTION, EXTRACTION, ETC., ARE GIVEN. PRACTICALLY ALL PARTICULATE EMISSIONS ARE ELIMINATED. SUBSTANTIAL COST REDUCTIONS ARE ENVISIONED.


was made with the thumb in the rectum and the forefinger in the vagina; the wall of the vagina was felt to be thickened. On October 7th, the tetrperature was nornmall. She was very comfortable. She was ordered to discontinue p6ulticing, but to remain in bed, as her uterus was evidently in the same state as that of a woman at the termination of natural labour. January 4th, 1881. She had menstruated thr'ee times since the operation, the discharge being profuse and dark red, and containing many clots. No pain was experienced at the time, but a little afterwards. No sign of fits had been noticed. November 1st, 1882. Mr. Latimer attended her in labour; a large child being delivered by forceps under metliylene. She remained entirely free from any fits from the time of the operation up to the seventh month of pregnancy; five fits occurred altogether before her confinement. In May, 1883, she was nursing her child. The fits were again frequent; the first one took place six weeks after her confinement, and the longest interval of freedom from them subsequently had been two weeks. As a rule, she had one a week.


Aim and Objective: To investigate the role of Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and confusion, Urea, Respiratory Rate, Blood Pressures core (CURB-65) in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder with Reference to Mortality. Methods: In our study a total of 100 patients of COPD with acute exacerbation were included in the study from tertiary care centre, Kolkata for a period of 12 months from December 2015 to November 2016. Results: In our study, overall in hospital mortality was 21%, while mortality in age groups 50-65, 66-80 and >80 were respectively 3.3%, 28.3% and 29.41%. Hence advanced age was associated with significant increase in mortality. The mortality among risk classes of PSI like II, III, IV and V was respectively 0%, 0%, 22.22% and 78.57% respectively. The percentage of mortality increased significantly as the PSI score increases (p value ≤ 0.001). The mortality associated with the low, intermediate and high risk classes of CURB-65 was respectively 4.17%, 14% and 50%. Mortality increased with increase in score demonstrating a significant relation between the two (p value = 0.006). Conclusion: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global public health problem and a significant cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. Infectious are at least 75-80% of acute COPD exacerbations. Our study detected 21% in-hospital mortality. A PSI score of >130 i.e. risk class V as well as CURB-65 score of more than equal to 3 i.e. group 3, were strong predictors of in hospital mortality.


In this thesis, I study effects of the local environment on the giant dipole resonances (GDR) in lanthanides and actinides. The effects of embedding in jellium, bonding in small molecules and incorporation into different fullerene systems are studied. All systems are described using density-functional theory and the dynamic response is treated either with a local-density based random phase approximation (LDRPA) or the time-dependent local-density approximation (TDLDA). In Paper I, the effects of a metallic environment on the GDR in Ba, La and Th is investigated using LDRPA. We show that the lowering of the continuum in the metal brings the shape of the GDR in Th to a form similar to that in Ba or La. Our results for the photo-yield in Th metal are in good agreement with experimental photo-yield measurements on Th metal in the region of the Th 5 d -5 f giant dipole resonance. In Paper II, the response of a O-Ba-O structure is treated within the framework of TDLDA to describe the combined local-screening and multiple-scattering effects. The Ba-O distance is chosen to be the same as the Ba-O distance in YBaCuO. The molecular potential is expanded in terms of spherical harmonics, and we also study the convergence properties of the finite expansion. We have calculated the x-ray absorption in the region of the Ba 4 d -4 f GDR and showed that this method will qualitatively describe the experimental data. Papers III and IV show how the x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) can be used to provide a "finger-print" characteristic of the position of atoms trapped in various fullerene systems. We approximate the fullerene cages by closed two-dimensional jellium systems and study the effects of screening and molecular scattering within the TDLDA in a spherical-harmonics expansion. Specifically, we show how the GDR can be used to distinguish between center and off-center positions in C 60 , and we demonstrate the effect on the GDR of the non-spherically symmetric fullerene model system C 90 .


Differential rotation can be detected in single line profiles of stars rotating more rapidly than about v sin i = 10km s-1 with the Fourier transform technique. This allows to search for differential rotation in large samples to look for correlations between differential rotation and other stellar parameters. I analyze the fraction of differentially rotating stars as a function of color, rotation, and activity in a large sample of F-type stars. Color and rotation exhibit a correlation with differential rotation in the sense that more stars are rotating differentially in the cooler, less rapidly rotating stars. Effects of rotation and color, however, cannot be disentangled in the underlying sample. No trend with activity is found. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The purpose of this article is to introduce a novel method for unveiling hidden patterns of even number of spirals in the multi-spiral Chua Chaotic attractor. This method is based on the duration of integration of this system and allows displaying every pattern containing from 1 to c+1 spirals of this attractor. After having given the equation of the multi-spiral Chua Chaotic attractor, the Menacer–Lozi–Chua (MLC) method for uncovering hidden bifurcations is explained again and a numerical example of a route of bifurcation is given. In the chosen example, the attractors found along this hidden bifurcation route display an odd number of spirals. With the novel method, during the integration process, before reaching the asymptotical attractor which possesses an odd the number of spirals, the number of spirals increases one by one until it reaches the maximum number corresponding to the value fixed by e, unveiling both patterns of even and odd number of spirals.


Success of an online auction website is in its appeal to bidders. Without the bidders there will be no transactions. In an auction, the reservation price can act as a deterrent to bidder entry. The auctioneer can induce lower reservation prices through a rising insertion fee scheme. This will in turn increase the probability of an auction resulting in a sale. This work examines the impact the insertion fees have on the seller and buyer behavior on eBay using data generated by a natural experiment observed on eBay. The results demonstrate that the rising insertion fee structure of eBay induces sellers to lower their reservation prices, which in turn increases the bidding activity.


We propose high-precision mass spectrometry of nuclides around the doubly magic Pb. On the neutron-rich side, we aim to extend the knowledge of Fr, At, Hg, and Au masses to study the robustness of the N = 126 shell closure and to provide mass data necessary for modeling the rapid-neutron-capture process. On the proton-rich side, we aim at high-resolution mass spectrometry of selected Au, At, and Fr isotopes to verify the predicted existence of very low-lying isomeric states. The proposal will make use of newly-available laser-ionization schemes for Au and At. Finally, the recently implemented multi-reflection time-of-flight mass separator for auxiliary isobaric purification now allows measurements which were not feasible before. Requested shifts: This is a long-term measurement program that would stretch over 3-4 years and require 85 shifts. Present address: RIKEN Research Facility, Japan


Plasmid profiles were used to screen streptomycetes for production of new antibiotics. Among about 100 strains isolated from sea muds, an isolate designated SS-939 was revealed to harbor several plasmids of different sizes, and to produce istamycins, new aminoglycoside antibiotics. Based on the characteristics of the strain, a new Streptomyces species is proposed: S. tenjimariensis.


Abstract The compounds Cp2VR (R  CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, n-C5H11, CH2C(CH3)3 or CH2Si(CH3)3) have been prepared from Cp2 VCl and RMgX in n-pentane. The air-sensitive compounds are stable at room temperature, but decompose between 65 and 138°C. The thermal stability decreases in the order R  CH3 ∼ CH2Si(CH3)3 > C2H5 > CH2C(CH3)3 > n-C5H11 > n-C4H9 > n-C3H7. Compounds with R  i-C3H7 or t-C4H9 could not be obtained.


Cell‐to‐cell communication by gap junctions was investigated in the female rat anterior pituitary gland from 10 through 45 days of postnatal development and in 60‐day‐old animals. Gap junctions initially appeared between adjacent folliculo‐stellate cells on day 25. Their appearance in female rats was 5 days later than that observed in males (Soji et al., 1990). Gap junction number increased until the animals became 40 days of age, when they reached a level that resembled that found in adults. In addition, a correlation was evident between the frequency of gap junctions and stages of the estrous cycle, where they were most numerous during either proestrus or estrus. These results along with those previously published suggest that gap junction formation within the female rat hypophysis is in part modulated by both gonadal steroid hormones as well as prolactin.


Rhinitis is a very common disease but surprisingly little is known about its epidemiology, probably due to the fact that diagnosis relies on recognition of a symptom complex of varying severity. Surveys of normal subjects not considered to suffer from rhinitis have shown that nevertheless 40% had experienced nasal symptoms the previous day (Sibbald, 1993). There may be a continuum in the frequency and severity of nasal symptoms from subjects with no detectable illness to those with severe disease. Changing patient behaviour, diagnostic fashion and research methods may explain much of the variation in the prevalence of rhinitis between populations and over time. The prevalence of diagnosed hay fever amongst patients attending general practitioners is 11 per thousand in Denmark, 20 per thousand in England and Wales and 86 per thousand in Australia. These figures underestimate the frequency of the disease since they exclude those not seeking medical help and those in whom rhinitis is not recognised by the physician. Community-based studies provide more accurate information. In one study in London of adults between the ages 16 and 65 years the minimum prevalence of rhinitis was 16%: of these 8% had perennial symptoms, 6% both perennial and seasonal symptoms and 2% seasonal symptoms alone (Sibbald & Rink, 1991). The peak prevalence of hay fever occurs between 5 and 15 years in England and Wales, between 10 and 19 years in Denmark and at age 24 in the United States, thus affecting 15-20% of students (Broder et al., 1974). Males outnumber females in childhood but the sex ratio becomes even in adulthood. Worldwide, the prevalence of hay fever in school age children is lower in European countries than in the USA or Australia, probably as the result of the allergenicity of the prevailing pollen and aeroallergen burden. Hay fever appears to be more common in urban than rural areas. In Denmark the prevalence of hay fever amongst patients attending general practitioners was 19% in Copenhagen and 6-1 1% in rural areas (Pedersen & Weeke, 1981). In the USA, a community study indicated that in those individuals with allergic rhinitis, 75% resided inside the city, compared to 25% who lived in the surrounding rural area (Broder et al., 1974). The reasons for these differences are not known, but may include air pollution. Other factors which may positively influence the development of seasonal allergic rhinitis include order of birth, birth during the pollen season and the presence of a family history of allergy. Hay fever is commoner in non-whites than whites and in upper than lower social classes (Sibbald, 1993) though some of these statistics may be based on greater awareness rather than a greater prevalence. Hay fever is probably becoming more common. Medical examination of Swedish army recruits has shown that the prevalence of hay fever increased from 4.4% in 1971 to 8.4% in 1981 with a higher increase in the more northerly region of the country; this developing geographical difference argues against the increase being attribptable to changes in doctors' labelling preference (Aberg, 1989). The prevalence of allergic skin test reactivity, i.e. atopy, increased from 39 to 50% in a community sample in the USA of individuals of all ages followed for a mean of 8 years (Barbee et al., 1987). The association of skin reactivity with allergic disease suggests that if atopy is increasing, so may allergic diseases such as hay fever.


We analyze the association between performance in a mathematics course among university students at the Faculty of Business and Economics and exposure to prenatal sex hormones using the second-to-fourth digit ratio. In a sample of 516 freshmen (304 women), we find an inverted U-shaped relationship between digit ratio and mathematics grades. Males and females show the same pattern in that subjects with both high and low digit ratios earn lower grades in mathematics, while subjects with the highest grades in mathematics have intermediate digit ratios. We also find that there is no statistically significant relationship between the digit ratio and the average grades earned by students in other courses except mathematics taken in the first semester at the Faculty of Business and Economics.


Clustering is an essential and demanding undertaking in data analysis. The combination of traditional neural networks and graph convolutional networks (GCNs) has been extensively discussed in clustering tasks, in which the deep clustering methods learn useful content information and the graph convolutional networks mine the structured neighboring information in the graph data. However, the existing works equally consider the importance of different features to clustering and only focus on the nearest neighboring information in the structured features, ignoring the features of the long distant neighbors in the multi-hop information, resulting in inferior performance. We propose a novel multi-hop information-based graph convolutional network (MIGCN) for clustering to overcome these disadvantages. Specifically, we fuse content features and structured features with adaptive weights, which are dynamically adjusted according to the training results. Meanwhile, we utilize a multi-hop information module to extract structured features. Moreover, we design a multi-supervision mechanism and guide the training and updating of the whole model. Our method achieves better results than previous deep clustering approaches because it takes into account the diverse features embedded in the neural network and a dynamic fusion strategy for clustering. Our model has undergone rigorous testing on widely-accepted standard datasets, employing both objective and subjective evaluation measures. The results consistently demonstrate that our model consistently outperforms state-of-the-art techniques, validating its superior performance.


The U.S. State Department needs to revamp its policies, structures, and attitudes toward science and technology, says the National Research Council in an interim report issued last week. The report offers a number of suggestions on how the department can accomplish that goal. Most of the recommendations would affect the currently depleted Bureau of Oceans & International Environmental & Scientific Affairs, whose acting director is Melinda L. Kimble. But other bureaus within the department would also be affected. Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright requested the assessment last year in response to a rising tide of criticism from the scientific community. During the past five years, the department has ended a number of science and technology programs and cut back on the number of technical experts staffing its embassies around the world. Many of these actions were the result of congressionally mandated budget cuts and the diversion of funds to improve embassy security. Some, however, ...


The nodes of wireless sensor network are very limited in its processing power, storage capacity and communications capability, so it is usually to be considered unsuitable for the use of public key cryptography technology. However, in recent years many research results indicated that some optimized public-key algorithm can provide much more security for wireless sensor networks (WSN). The identity-based public system simplifies the certificates management which is cumbersome in certificate based public key system. According to the features of WSN, the security model of identity-based public-key system is modified. A new identity-based signature (IBS) system is presented and proved secure in the new security model without random oracle. Storage requirement in previous IBS systems is directly related to message length, but it is constant in our new system, so the new system is more suitable for wireless sensor networks.


This study aims to give a brief overview of some prominent figures in the field of English Language Teaching (ELT) and their main contributions to the field. Since the field is closely interlinked with linguistics and psychology, most of the major contributors covered in the study are psychologists or linguists from various time frames as of the late 1800s. Actually, the current stage attained in the field is the accumulation of knowledge and experiences throughout centuries; and some outstanding figures have made really remarkable contributions in this long process. While some of them produced ground-breaking theories concerning a specific aspect of the field, some others produced guiding academic resources that has been employed by thousands of ELT researchers and practitioners. Although there are many studies which focus on different aspects of ELT and cover dispersed information about the outstanding figures covered here and their contributions, there is not one which provides a compact pile of information on these significant contributors. It has been intended to fill this gap in the existing literature and constitute a to-thepoint address about the fathers and mothers of ELT for the researchers, practitioners, and the interested layman.


14. Lupinskaya Z.A., Zarifyan A.G., Gurovich T.T., Shleifer S.G. Endo-thelium. Function and Dysfunction. B.: KRSU 2008 (in Russian).15. Maksimenko A.V., Turashev A.D. Glycocalyx and its fragments in the functioning of the microcirculation. Regional curculation and microcirculation. 2009; 8(3): 4—13 (in Russian).16. Plotkin L.L., Bespalov A.M., Smirnov D.M. Endothelial dysfunc-tion in patients with ... 2012; 10(14): 21—5 (in Russian).17. Ait-Oufella H., Maury E., Lehoux S., Guidet B., Offenstadt G. The endothelium: physiological functions and role in microcirculato-ry failure during severe sepsis. Intensive Care Med. 2010; 36 (8): 1286—98.18. Lee W.L., Slutsky A.S. Sepsis and endothelial permeability. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010; 363 (7): 689—91.19. Laroia S.T., Ganti A.K., Laroia A.T., Tendulkar K.K. Endothelium and the lipid metabolism: the current understanding. Int. J. Cardiol. 2003; 8 (1): 1—9.20. Wu A., Hinds C.J., Thiemermann C. High-density lipoproteins in sepsis and septic shock: metabolism, actions, and therapeutic ap-plications. Shock. 2004; 21 (3): 210—21.21. van Leeuwen H.J., van Beek A.P., Dallinga-Thie G.M., van Stri-jp J.A.G., Verhoef J., van Kessel KPM. The role of high density lipoprotein in sepsis. Neth. J. Med. 2001; 59 (3): 102—10.22. Murch O., Collin M., Hinds C.J., Thiemermann C. Lipoproteins in inflammation and sepsis. I. Basic science. Intensive Care Med. 2007; 33 (1): 13—24.23. van Leeuwen H.J., Heezius E.C.J.M., Dallinga G.M., van Strijp J.A.G., Verhoef J., van Kessel K.P.M. Lipoprotein metabolism in pa-tients with severe sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 31 (5): 1359—66.24. Chien J.Y., Jerng J.S., Yu C.J., Yang P.C. Low serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a poor prognostic factor for severe sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 33 (8): 1688—93.25. Vincent J.L., Abraham E. The last 100 years of sepsis. Am. J. Re-spir. Crit. Care Med. 2006; 173 (3): 256—63.26. Grion C.M.C., Cardoso L.T.Q., Perazolo T.F., Garcia A.S., Barbo-sa De´ cio S., Morimoto H.K. et al. Lipoproteins and CETP levels as risk factors for severe sepsis in hospitalized patients. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2010; 40 (4): 330—8.27. Gelfand B.R. Infectious and toxic shock in peritonitis: Diss. M.; 1986 (in Russian).28. Shcherbakova L.N., Molchanov L.V., Malakhov S.V. Dyslipidemia in critical states of various etiologies. General Intensive Care. 2008; IV(1): 36—40 (in Russian).29. Cheng B., Xie G., Yao S., Wu X., Guo Q., Gu M. et al. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in critically ill surgical patients in ten university hospitals in China . Crit. Care Med. 2007; 35 (11): 2538—46.30. Damas P., Ledoux D., Nys M., Monchi M., Wiesen P., Beauve B., Preiser J.C. Intensive care unit acquired infection and organ fail-ure. Intensive Care Med. 2008; 34 (5): 856—64.31. Blanco J., Muriel-Bombнn A., Sagredo V., Taboada F., Gandнa F., Tamayo L. et al. Incidence, organ dysfunction and mortality in severe sepsis: a Spanish multicentre study. Crit. Care. 2008; 12 (6): R158.32. Riedemann N.C., Guo R.F., Ward P.A. The enigma of sepsis. J. Clin. Invest. 2003; 112 (4): 460—7.33. Savelev V.S., Gelfand B.R., ed. Sepsis in the beginning of the XXI century. Classification, clinical,diagnostic and treatment con-cept. Necropsy diagnosis. 2nd ed., Ext. and break. Moscow: OOO "Medical Information Agency"; 2010 (in Russian).


Tutoring, understood as a process of orientation and accompaniment in the search of students' well-being and personal development, constitutes a strategy that every educational institution should incorporate. In the case of universities, tutoring programmes should be considered not only because of legal requirements but because they also respond to an area of educational quality as it increases students' permanence. This article shares the tutoring program experience of the Faculty of Psychology at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. The main lessons and reflections obtained involve the importance of defining the tutoring areas of action at the institution, the coordination between different university offices seeking students' well-being, defining the tutors' profile, tutors' initial education and continuous professional development, differentiating the orientation according to students' stage of education (first year, mid-career, last year), developing research and relying on a monitoring system that collects the needs and perceptions of educational actors involved as well as assessing the program's results to incorporate actions of continuous improvement.


It has been argued that systems that are comprised of similar components (i.e., A monoculture) are more prone to attacks than a system that exhibits diversity. But it is not currently clear how much diversity is needed and how to leverage the underlying diversity in the design space. Here we attempt to study these issues using a Game Theoretic model comprised of multiple systems and an attacker. The model illustrates how the concept of the Nash Equilibrium provides a theoretical framework for designing strategic security solutions and how the mixed strategy solution space provides a conceptual basis for defining optimal randomization techniques that can exploit the underlying diversity. The paper also studies how strategic behavior influences the diversity and vulnerability of an overall system. Simulation results provide further insights into the effectiveness of our solution approach and the dynamics of strategic interaction in the context of system security.


Covid-19 brought into focus the health and socioeconomic disparities that exist in Aotearoa New Zealand but it also highlighted the cultural values and pre-existing kinship structures that underpin Māori forms of resilience and well-being. Alongside the establishment of a National Māori Pandemic Group, Māori individuals and organizations (tribal councils, commercial businesses, health and social service organizations) swung into action across Aotearoa New Zealand working together to support their communities. Reactive and proactive strategies - influenced by lived realities of colonization, collective memory and a drive for self-determination - demonstrate how Māori naturally draw on cultural values and practices to institute effective responses to community need. Māori cultural values, we argue, are a critical determinant in recovery and resilience. Drawing on insights from Māori demonstrations of community leadership and adaptive capacity during Covid-19, we outline a model of Māori resilience incorporating elements to be supported and nurtured at the community level. © The Editors and Contributing Authors Severally 2021.


A three-component, geometrical classification scheme for meteor light curves is developed and presented. A fundamental distinction between convex and non-convex light-curve profiles is first made, and then the individual light curves are quantified according to the relative trail-length location of the point of maximum brightness, and the area under the light curve in the normalized magnitude versus time diagram. It is argued that the proposed scheme, while geometrical in nature, does have contact with the theoretical models of meteoroid ablation in the sense that the most extreme profiles or bounding light curves (called 'hats' for convenience) correspond to very specific modes of material mass loss.


The task was set of developing recommendations for identifying areas of displacement of the edges of the welded joints of abutting pipes, as well as identifying potentially dangerous sections of welded joints of technological pipelines by changing the normal component of the constant magnetic field. For research, 24 pipe fragments made of steel 20 with a length of 45 mm each were selected. The authors developed recommendations for identifying the presence and zone of displacement of the edges, as well as identifying potentially dangerous sections of welded joints of technological pipelines using the flux-gate control method. It is proposed to use the obtained maximum values of the normal component of the constant magnetic field for the objective detection of edge displacement zones and the determination of potentially hazardous areas. It was shown that the normal component of the constant magnetic field, is quite sensitive both to the displacement of the edges of the welded joints of the pipes and to the quality of the weld, its geometry, defectiveness and determines the above indicators with various characteristic values.


I want to discuss some ideas concerning the question of the relationship between the Harmony Boxers (Yihequan) and the White Lotus sect. My general thesis is that there was some relationship between the two, but they were not the same. Simply stated, the Harmony Boxers dealt with boxing while the White Lotus sect was a religion. This reflects their basic differences. Of course, there was some interaction between them, but their complex connections should not make us mistakenly conclude that they were the same.