Modafinil has a strong and long-lasting awakening effect. Short-term use can improve cognitive and work efficiency. Therefore, it has been known to be abused by students and parents as a "smart drug." It is in the first category of psychotropic drugs and strictly controlled. To detect modafinil in rat plasma and study the differences in the pharmacokinetics of modafinil between oral and sublingual administration in rats, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed. Rats were injected with modafinil by oral gavage and sublingual vein, respectively, blood was collected within a certain period, and the plasma was obtained by centrifugation. Midazolam was used as the internal standard, and the concentration of modafinil in the plasma was determined by UPLC-MS/MS, where a drug-time curve was created to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. The standard curve for modafinil ranged from 1 to 2000 ng mL−1 with good linearity. The intra-day accuracy of modafinil was between 86% and 104%, and the intra-day accuracy was between 90% and 103%. Intra-day precision (RSD%) was less than 15%, inter-day precision (RSD%) was less than 15%. The matrix effect was between 93% and 102%, and the recovery was greater than 91%. The UPLC-MS/MS method established in this work has good selectivity and high sensitivity, and the UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics of modafinil by oral gavage and sublingual injection in rats. The bioavailability of modafinil was calculated to be 55.8%.


The structure, spin configuration, magnetocrystalline anisotropy compensation,
magnetic properties, and magnetostriction of TbxDy0.9-xNd0.1(Fe0.8Co0.2)1.93 (0.20 ≤x ≤
0.60) alloys are investigated. The easy magnetization direction (EMD) at room
temperature rotates from the axis (x ≤0.25) to the axis (x ≥0.30) with
increasing Tb content, subjected to the anisotropy compensation between Tb
3+
and
Dy
3+
ions. The analysis of X-ray diffraction, EMD and magnetostriction show that
TbxDy0.9-xNd0.1(Fe0.8Co0.2)1.93is an anisotropy compensation system and the
compensation point is realized around x = 0.30. The Laves phase compound
Tb0.4Dy0.5Nd0.1(Fe0.8Co0.2)1.93has a large spontaneous magnetostriction, the
coefficient λ111up to about 1640 ppm. The epoxy bonded 0–3 and pseudo-1–3
composites were fabricated by curing without and with a magnetic field. A high
magnetostriction, longitudinal λ??and linear anisotropic λa (= λ?? – λ⊥) up to around
390 and 650 ppm at 6 kOe, respectively, isobtained for the grain- -oriented
pseudo-1–3 epoxy/Tb0.4Dy0.5Nd0.1(Fe0.8Co0.2)1.93 composite with 20 vol% alloy
particles.


Paramagnetic compounds are under widespread study as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. These agents increase contrast in magnetic resonance imaging by increasing the relaxation rates of nearby water protons. This report describes a strategy of designing paramagnetic contrast agents with high stability for the paramagnetic metal ion gadolinium(III), low toxicity in vivo, high relativity, and the ability to be covalently attached to antibodies for targeted delivery. Computer modeling of porphyrin analog ligands for gadolinium(III) were used to select sapphyrins for further study. The Gd([sup 3+]) sapphyrins were synthesized and their physical properties were characterized.


A distinction is made between visual declaration and virtual usage of artificial items within a physical environment, such as a street. Visual declaration is a formal pictorial designation, or a function, e.g. "decoration," of an item, such as a "planter." Virtual usage refers to the item when it is used in lieu of another item. The formal designation, "sitting," customarily designated to an item such as "bench," could also be a virtual usage of the item "planter." The question asked is, "What is the relationship between items, given their formal, visual declaration and their informal, virtual, usage?" An artificial item, according to its visual declaration, is referred to as a 'visual' or 'real item'. Each visual item has the property of being used as another item by virtue of its undeclared usage. Pending on the item's design and configuration, a visual item can be then substituted for another visual item. An artificial item, thus, attains deliberate ambiguity between its formal designation and its virtual usage. This ambiguity between visual declaration and virtual usage can be quantified. Within the full domain of n possible usages, this relationship can be conveniently presented in a nonnegative matrix. It is shown that the inverse of this matrix belongs to a class of well-known matrices. This being the case, the relationship between visual and virtual properties of items within the environment can be formalized. The formalization throws further light on the emerging opportunities in streetscape design.


Unbonded laminated elastomeric bearings have been used widely for skewed highway bridges in China. This type bearing is likely to slip during an earthquake, which will lead to large girder displacement and collision phenomenon. In order to discuss the effect of different collision models and design parameters on the seismic response of skewed bridges in China, 3D beam-stick models of three-span highway bridges with skew angles varying from 0°to 60°are developed in this paper. The results show that the collision effect is the principal contributor to girder rotation. The collision model considered nonlinear property in this paper can capture the irregular behavior of skewed bridges correctly. The uneven collision phenomenon will be more obvious for changing the initial gap of shear keys, and the overall seismic responses are likely to become complicated. Then, an appropriate gap is recommended to reduce the seismic damage of skewed bridges.


SOFRADIR is one of the leading companies worldwide for the production of second-generation InfraRed (IR) detectors based on more than 10,000 Time Delay and Integration (TDI) array deliveries up to date! This success is mainly due to the top quality of the unique and production oriented French HgCdTe technology for manufacturing InfraRed Focal Plane Arrays (IRFPA). Although it is easy to get an image with 2D staring arrays in comparison with TDI linear arrays, it is more difficult to answer the full system needs in terms of high performances in very tough environmental conditions. However, cooled 2D arrays are more and more used in both IR medium and long wavebands for many different applications and SOFRADIR has moved to large quantity production for 2.5 generation IR detectors (320×256 format) since 2001. Then different technologies are available for answering LW staring arrays needs and SOFRADIR offers a large range of IR staring arrays for LW applications.


According to the difficult to establish precise mathematical model in predicting position error for vehicle GPS/DR integrated navigation system,adaptive linear neural network method is proposed.The method decomposes and de-noises GPS/DR position signal.As GPS signal is valid,the method trains the network by GPS/DR position signal.As GPS signal is invalid,the method predicts position error and reckons vehicle real position.The simulation results show that the method is available for vehicle GPS/DR integrated navigation system.


A large‐angle, 60‐GHz collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostic system for localized measurements of DT alpha‐particle velocity distribution and fraction is being implemented on TFTR. Calculations of expected CTS spectra, signal‐to‐noise ratio per receiver channel, and estimated error in determining the temperature and fraction of alpha particles are being carried out. The experimental spectra are simulated by adding noise to the theoretical calculation by a Monte Carlo technique. Error analysis is then performed by using a relative intensity calibrated nonlinear curve fitting code to calculate the desired plasma parameters (Ti, Tα, nα/ni). Simulation results indicate that expected background emission of 20 eV during Supershot in TFTR poses no problem to the experiment. Also short integration times (<10 ms) can be used to resolve the energetic ion features, thus offering a possibility for the study of temporal evolution of energetic ion velocity distribution during a single plasma shot.


Detrusor underactivity (DU) is currently a topic that receives major attention within functional urology. Urologists are often confronted with men who present with voiding dysfunction without bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) or after desobstructive or neuromodulation treatment. Their impaired bladder emptying is suspected to be related to failure of detrusor contractile function. Earlier research indicated that patients with non‐obstructive urinary retention (NOR), for example, detrusor underactivity (DU), have a lower success rate after sacral neuromodulation (SNM) compared to patients treated with SNM for storage dysfunction. However, predicting factors for treatment success in the NOR group have not yet been defined.


Based on a survey of 185 students attending the VNU University of Economics and Business, the study assesses the impact of seven factors causing stress in the students. This study includes two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys. The first survey uses a set of 16 questions to assess students' perceptions and attitudes based on an instrument to measure academic stress the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA). The second survey aims to test internal consistency and the robustness of the previously established 7-factor structure. Henceforth, a model was built and used qualitatively, combined with Cronbach's Alpha measurement test and EFA discovery factor analysis. From these practical analyses, several proposals were made for society, the school and the students themselves to deal with academic stress.


Background and purpose:  Migraine patients may have cutaneous allodynia during attacks. In order to investigate if pain physiology changes in the preattack phase we estimated heat pain and cold pain detection threshold (HPT and CPT) on three different days in 41 migraine patients and 28 controls.


Deputy Commissioner Seidel began his career at the USPTO as a patent examiner, became a Supervisory Patent Examiner in 1990, and was selected for the Senior Executive


Mathematical model of temperature control system in high frequency induction welding for PDC bit used in geological drilling is eslablished firstly,then aimed the problem that overcontrol,oscillation and bad robustness often happens in PID controller and smith prediction control applied in long time-delay control system,a way named Fuzzy self-adapting control of adjusting controlled quantity is introduced.According to Matlab simulation,it reveals that fuzzy control combined Smith prediction control is very effective to improve dynamic and stable properties of long time-delay control system.


ABSTRACT CSR communication has received increased attention from researchers in recent times. The extant literature indicates that philanthropy dominates the CSR communications of most firms in Africa. Furthermore, the existing literature shows that state-owned firms' CSR communication focuses more on environmental and community issues. Thus, this study examines the differences between local and foreign banks with regard to their CSR communications. It also examines which stakeholder groups banks pay great attention to, in their CSR communication. Data were collected from the websites of 26 banks operating in Ghana. using quantitative content analysis as analytical technique, it was found that foreign banks are better at communicating customer and employee CSR information than local banks. In addition, the findings show that state-owned banks report more information on donations and philanthropy.


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A study or crystalline deposits found in kidney tubules of three uremic patients treated by artificial kidney dialysis has been carried out. In spite of the small quantities of material present, infra


To utilize low-grade heat energy below 100℃,a two-stage adsorption refrigeration cycle was proposed and adsorption performance testing unit was also established.CaCl_2 and BaCl_2 were chosen as middle-temperature salt and low-temperature salt,respectively.Cycle adsorption quantities of the adsorbents under different heating and evaporating temperatures were tested,based on which COP and SCP of the two-stage adsorption system were obtained.Results showed that the two-stage adsorption refrigeration cycle is apt for utilization of low-grade heat energy on freezing application. Cycle adsorption quantity of CaCl_2,COP and SCP of the two-stage adsorption refrigeration system are 0.490 kg/kg,0.24 and 85.6 W/kg,respectively,when heating temperature,cooling temperature and evaporating temperature are 80,30 and-20℃,respectively.


One of the most important causes of biodiversity loss are non-indigenous species (NIS), in particular invasive ones. The dispersion of NIS mainly depends on anthropogenic activities such as maritime traffic, which account for almost half of the total NIS introduction in the European seas, as reported by the European Environmental Agency. For this reason, NIS management measures are mainly focused on commercial ports (i.e., ballast water management and Marine Strategy Framework Directive monitoring), underestimating the role of marinas and tourist harbors; these host small vessels (<20 m), such as recreational, fishery, and sail ones without ballast waters, but are also responsible for NIS arrival and spread through the bilge water as well as from hull fouling. With the aim of paying attention to marinas and tourist harbors and validating an innovative molecular methodology for NIS surveillance and monitoring, in the present work, eDNA metabarcoding of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was applied to both bilge waters and adjacent ones to assess species composition and particularly NIS presence. A total of 140 OTUs/species with extra-Mediterranean distribution were found in the bilge samples; several of these are most likely ascribed to food contamination (e.g., Salmo salar). Excluding food contamination species, twelve of these found in the bilge waters were already known as NIS in the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to algae, mollusks, crustaceans, annelids, echinoderms, and fishes. Nine of these species are new to Italian waters. The results obtained in the present work support the importance of NIS monitoring in marinas and small harbors, particularly in the bilge waters, through eDNA metabarcoding, having detected several potential NIS that otherwise would not have been discovered.


During the boom years, companies, banks, and other private sector players used all kinds of tactics to tilt the oil sector playing field in their favor. They wined and dined top decision-makers, went into business with political insiders, and paid bribes, often via middlemen or fixers. Collusion and tax avoidance reared their heads too. Stories from Angola, Australia, Chad, Congo-Brazzaville, Libya, Nigeria, Norway, and the United States reveal the risks companies took in order to win a piece of the oil boom action.


To perform the two-stringed bowed instrument,the accurate procedures and perfect music is related with each other closely.As a bowstring instrument, conducting the bow is a very important part,which is the basis of sound.The expression and special personality of the performers have direct connections with the techniques and procedures of the right hand.


The present article describes the implementation of Battery energy storage system (BESS) for improved and better performance characteristics of load frequency control problem with a compact sized battery energy storage system (BESS) with respect to load frequency control (LFC) applications. It is observed there is significant reduction in the frequency deviations. Also tie-power variations get diminished by significant margin as seen by the extensive simulation carried out in Matlab Simulink Environment.


Socio-economic Condition of garment Workers in Bangladesh is a thesis paper for those people who dedicated lives to run their family through garment sectors but they are getting injustice. This thesis paper will * Explore the financial status of the garment workers while the government & NGOs can take initiative to raise their monthly income. * Assess consumption pattern of the workers from this sector where you will also get to know what should be changed about their daily life. * Investigate the nature of gender disparity within this sector which will only change if the Garment authority & government decides. * Provide the overall scenario about the working environment for the garment workers which must be changed for much better outcome. * Show you why garment sector is a humongous risk for the workers in Bangladesh. Although they are the soul of it. At the end of this paper, you will understand what are the situation of the workers who are involved and the motive of their inclusion while the progress of this sector in the last two decades in terms of international market.


Traditional medicine is an ingredient or a recipe for components in the form of plant ingredients, animal ingredients, mineral substances, galenic preparations, or mixtures of these ingredients that have been used for treatment from generation to generation and can be applied by the prevailing norms in society. Traditional medicinal herbs can be an option for health maintenance, disease prevention, and health care and strengthening a person's immune system. With low prices and easy-to-find raw materials, traditional medicinal ingredients can be made and consumed at home. This review aims to provide information that native Indonesian herbs act as traditional medicines and also have potential as immunomodulators. The way to get this information is by searching through Google Scholar. The results show that many native Indonesian herbs act as natural immunomodulators. Therefore, it can be concluded that native Indonesian herbs can be developed into phytopharmaca as immunomodulators.


Islamic financial services (IFS) is the fastest-growing sector worldwide (Hearn Piesse & Strange, 2012) and is defined by the concept of interest-free financing, as given by Shariah law (Iqbal, 1997). The selection of a service provider is a challenging issue in service marketing, and particularly in the IFS sector. This is because services are generally characterized by intangibility, the inseparability of products from their consumption, the difficulty of standardization, and perishability (Hill & Neeley, 1988). Financial to difficult therefore and intangible services are evaluate prior to their purchase, or even their consumption. They are often complex, infrequently bought, commoditized, and difficult to differentiate (car insurance, for example). Their products are essentially a promise, where ownership is not transferred and the reinstatement of payment is at a later date – which can be years or decades in the future. This fact complicates the service provider Abstract


Abstract Fenpiclonil (CGA 142705) is the first commercially developed phenylpyrrole fungicide based on chemical modifications of the antibiotic pyrrolnitrin. The fungicide is toxic to representatives of Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes. In this report, we described the effect of fenpiclonil on several physiological processes using the target fungus Fusarium sulphureum as a sensitive test organism. EC 50 of fenpiclonil for radial growth on PDA and mycelial growth in liquid medium was 0.5 and 10 μ M , respectively. At a low inhibitory concentration, fenpiclonil did not immediately affect oxygen consumption, nuclear division, and DNA, RNA, protein, chitin, ergosterol, and (phospho)lipid biosynthesis. However, the accumulation of amino acids and sugars was instantaneously affected at concentrations ranging from 4.2 to 42 μ M . The reduction in accumulation was accompanied by an increased accumulation of the membrane potential probe tetraphenylphosphonium bromide and a marginal change of the proton gradient probe propionic acid. These results suggest that the biochemical mechanism of action of fenpiclonil may be related to membrane-dependent transport processes. To our knowledge, such a mechanism has not been described before for any fungicide.


In the solar neighbourhood, there are moving groups of stars with similar ages and others of stars with heterogeneous ages as the field stars. To explain these facts, we have constructed a simple model of three phases. Phase A: a giant interstellar cloud is uniformly accelerated (or decelerated) with respect to the field stars during a relatively short period of time (10 Myr) and the cloud's mass is uniformly increased; phase B: the acceleration (or deceleration) and mass accretion of the cloud cease. The star formation spreads throughout the cloud, giving origin to stellar groups of similar ages; and phase C: the cloud loses all its gaseous component at a constant rate and in parallel is uniformly decelerated (or accelerated) until reaching the initial velocity of phase A (case 1) or the velocity of the gas cloud remains constant (case 2). Both cases give equivalent results. The system equations for the star motions governed by a time-dependent gravitational potential of the giant cloud and referred to a coordinate system co-moving with the cloud have been solved analytically. We have assumed a homogeneous spheroidal cloud of fixed semi-major axis a=300 pc and of an initial density of 7 at cm^{-3}, with a density increment of 100 per cent and a cloud's velocity variation of 30 km s^{-1}, from the beginning to the end of Phase A. The result is that about 4 per cent of the field stars that are passing within the volume of the cloud at the beginning of phase A is captured. The Sun itself could have been captured by the same cloud that originated the moving groups of the solar neighbourhood.


Female summer flounder grow considerably faster than males, and rearing temperature has been shown to influence sex differentiation in related species. The present studies were conducted to examine sex differentiation of post-metamorphic juveniles reared at temperatures conducive for commercial production. In experiments 1 and 2, offspring produced from crosses with meiogynogenetic, sex-reversed males and normal females were raised at 14, 16 or 18°C for ≥300 days or 12°C for 30, 60 or 120 days and then transferred to a male-determining temperature (21°C). In all cases, the fish developed predominantly as phenotypic males (≥74%). In a third experiment, offspring produced from crosses with normal males and females were reared at 15, 17 and 19°C for 111, 227 and 278 days and then transferred to 21°C. Most fish (≥92.1%) developed as phenotypic males irrespective of rearing temperature or length of exposure. Several hypotheses are proposed for these findings and further research is necessary to understand the sex-determining mechanisms in this species before the economic advantages associated with sexually dimorphic growth can be realized.


AbstractThe evolution of high-intensity light pulses in nonlinear single-mode optical waveguides, the dynamics of light in which is described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a Raman term taking into account stimulated Raman self-scattering of light, is investigated. It is demonstrated that dispersive shock waves the behavior of which is much more diverse than in the case of ordinary nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a Kerr nonlinearity are formed in the process of evolution of pulses of substantially high intensity. The Whitham equations describing slow evolution of the dispersive shock waves are derived under the assumption of the Raman term being small. It is demonstrated that the dispersive shock waves can asymptotically assume a stationary profile when the Raman effect is taken into account. Analytical theory is corroborated by numerical calculations.


Introduction: Pancreaticoduodenectomy, also known as Whipple operation, was first described by Whipple et al. in 1935 [1]. However, during the 1960s and 1970s, the operation became forsaken due to high operative mortality and poor survival [2, 3, 4]. Nowadays, Pancreaticoduodenectomy is considered the ideal treatment for not only pancreatic and periampullary cancer, but also extended to treatment of variety of benign diseases [5, 6-9]. This is due to improvement in surgical care and postoperative management which decreased mortality rate in high volume centers between 0 and 5%. However, the morbidity rate is still high and varies between 32% and 52% [10,11-13]. Postoperative pancreatic fistula is the most common cause of morbidity and accounts for 45% of complications [12, 14, 15]. The International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistulas defines the Postoperative pancreatic fistula as output via the drain of any volume of drain fluid on or after postoperative day 3, with an amylase content more than 3 times the upper normal serum level. The International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistulas recommended a grading system for fistula by severity (A, B, and C), in which grade A is the least severe and grade C is the most severe depending on the clinical condition, the used treatment, results of imaging, infection, persistent drainage, readmission, reoperation and death [16, 17]. So, pancreatic anastomosis is considered the corner stone of Pancreaticoduodenectomy, and postoperative pancreatic fistula can cause many complications such as internal hemorrhage, intraabdominal abscess, long standing hospital stay or even death. In an attempt to prevent or decrease postoperative pancreatic fistula, many modifications of the technique of surgery was suggested such as closure of the main pancreatic duct with fibrin glue, pancreaticoenterostomy with the stomach or jejunum (with oneor two-layers sutures, duct-to-mucosa anastomosis or invagination, end to side or end to end with or without external/internal pancreatic duct drainage) and even removal of the whole pancreas [2, 18]. However, there is no widely accepted ideal technique for reconstruction of the pancreas after pancreaticodoudenectomy and postoperative pancreatic fistula is still high at 5–25% [2, 19]. There are two main variants of reconstruction of the pancreas after pancreaticodoudenectomy: pancreaticojejunostomy and pancreaticogastrostomy [2]. pancreaticojejunostomy is the commonest method. It is of two main types: invagination anastomosis and duct-to-mucosa anastomosis [2, 20 ]. Invagination type is done by pancreatic stump invagination into the intestine in either an end-to-side or an end-to-end method. No need to identify the main pancreatic duct. According to the gastrointestinal tract physiological structure, invagination pancreaticojejunostomy may be considered the classic Abstract


The authors present two novel concepts that they propose to apply to microwave LANs (local area networks). The first concept is passive terminal stations, acting as transponders in which no microwave power is generated. This avoids the exposure of users to the microwave field generated in their terminals. The second concept is fixed stations, where most of the microwave active functions are transferred to a central station by means of a fiber-optic link. This allows the microwave hardware in these stations to be very simple. An experiment on such a system, operating at 2.45 GHz, is presented.<<ETX>>


We have investigated Co1−xCrx/Pt multilayers as potential perpendicular media capable of high-density magnetic recording. The films exhibited strong perpendicular anisotropy, coercivity values ranging from 0.3 to 6.9 kOe, and a range of coercive squareness (S*) from 0.21 to 0.96. Magnetic and atomic force microscopy were used to correlate the grain and magnetic domain structures. The degree of intergranular exchange is clearly dependent on the deposition temperature and, to a lesser extent, Cr content. Co1−xCrx/Pt multilayers are ferromagnetic at room temperature for x>30%, which is not observed in thick Co1−xCrx films. Initial recording results determined a SONR ratio of 23 dB for a [Co(4 A)/Pt(5 A)]10 multilayer recorded at 10 kiloflux changes per millimeter using a standard longitudinal ring head.


This paper overviews a study conducted for the Victorian Department of Infrastructure which set out to develop and demonstrate a practical analytical methodology for evaluating new bus service proposals. The paper describes the development of a GIS framework based on the State Cadastre. The approach first makes use of various electronic information sources including the Census, new dwelling approvals, State Planning Scheme and various address files to pin-point the likely location of dwellings in Melbourne and to estimate local area demographics. In the second step, the Victorian Activity and Travel Survey (VATS) and public transport networks are used to estimate the demand for bus travel in each local area. GIS methods are then used to identify and rank areas in greatest need of additional service. Finally, GIS tools are used to estimate patronage changes for new service proposals by aggregating travel demand for residential populations in walk catchments around the routes. This technique enables tactical bus service planning to be made responsive to on-going residential development across metropolitan areas and is sufficiently precise to enable meaningful catchment analysis to be performed in the narrow walk-only catchments which define the major market segment for buses. The methodology is also readily adaptable to other issues in public transport which are discussed. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E205861.


What do we learn about interdisciplinary collaboration and faculty learning from the three cases presented in Chapters Three to Five? What ideas will higher education researchers, faculty development practitioners, academic leaders, and professors want to consider?


Solar proton events smaller than those previously recognized have been detected by means of high-sensitivity backscatter sounding of the lower ionosphere at 79°S geomagnetic. Ionosonde fmin data from high-latitude stations confirm these events. For 1960, 37 events are tabulated, including 13 already known. The total duration of proton streams during 1960 was not less than 167 days. Particle influx, including protons, was effective as an ionizing agency at high latitudes for more than 60 per cent of that year.


LUDIC RESOURCES IS A BROAD TOPIC AND AT THE SAME TIME COMPLEX AS IT RELATES TO THE NEED OF HUMAN BEINGS TO COMMUNICATE, FEEL, EXPRESS AND PRODUCE A RANGE OF EMOTION ORIENTED ENTERTAINMENT, AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION IN HUMANS THAT LEAD US TO ENJOY, LAUGH AND EVEN CRY WHEN AN ENVIRONMENT THAT GENERATES EMOTIONS IS PROVIDED.


Acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTFs) based on interaction of light and ultrasound in uniaxial birefringent crystals are widely used in imaging spectroscopy applications due to random spectral access, narrow controllable bandwidth, compactness, overal ease-of-use and image trasmittance capability. The spectral transmission of AOTF-based spectral imagers is usually characterized for paraxial light beam, but AOTFs inherently have non- uniform spatio-spectral transmission, so the central wavelength of the transmission window varies with the angle of incident light. We demonstrate that the spatio-spectral characteristics of acousto-optic (AO) interaction may be described either by the dependency of ultrasound frequency on the incident light angle for a given wavelength or by the dependency of wavelength on the incident angle for a given sound frequency. These dependencies are derived from the phase matching condition and are determined by the refractive indices, sound phase velocities and the AO diffraction geometry. We experimentally estimate the appearance of this specific spatio-spectral structure on the images acquired by AOTF-based imagers based on both collimating and confocal (telecentric) schemes and show that the variations of central wavelength and spectral bandwidth are noticeable for collimating setup even in the commonly used small field of view. The results of the study may be applied in design of AOTF- based spectral imagers and image processing algorithms.


ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate if heading frequency and impact biomechanics in a single session influence the concentration of serum neurofilament light (NF-L), a sensitive biomarker for axonal damage, up to 7 days after heading incident at ball velocities reflecting basic training drills. Methods: Forty-four males were randomized into either control (n = 8), 10 header (n = 12), 20 header (n = 12) or 40 header (n = 12) groups. Linear and angular head accelerations were quantified during heading. Venous blood samples were taken at baseline, 6 h, 24 h and 7 days after heading. Serum NF-L was quantified using Quanterix NF-L assay kit on the Simoa HD-1 Platform. Results: Serum NF-L did not alter over time (p = 0.44) and was not influenced by number of headers [p = 0.47; mean (95% CI) concentrations at baseline 6.00 pg · ml− 1 (5.00–7.00 pg · ml− 1); 6 h post 6.50 pg · ml−1 (5.70–7.29 pg · ml−1); 24 h post 6.07 pg · ml−1 (5.14–7.01 pg · ml− 1); and 7 days post 6.46 pg · ml−1 (5.45–7.46 pg · ml−1)]. There was no relationship between percentage change in NF-L and summed session linear and angular head accelerations. Conclusion: In adult men, heading frequency or impact biomechanics did not affect NF-L response during a single session of headers at ball velocities reflective of basic training tasks.


Organisational culture, as one of the key features of any organisation, is related to its performance. This is also true for non-governmental organisations. The purpose of this research is to identify changes in the dimensions of the organisational culture of these organisations caused by the pandemic. Data from 586 respondents, identified through an online OCAI questionnaire, were collected for pre-COVID-19, current, and preferred state. Statistically significant representation of the dimensions was identified in the types of culture. It was found that hierarchy culture was prevalent in pre-COVID-19. The hypothesis of trying to increase competitiveness in times of threat was not confirmed. After COVID-19, clan culture prevailed. It can be noted that individual dimensions of organisational culture changed their location dramatically during the reporting period. But the dimensions in the preferred organisational culture returned mostly to the pre-pandemic state. According to McNemar's test at an overall significance level of 0.05, there was a difference between the now and preferred periods for dominant characteristics in hierarchy type, organisational leadership in market and hierarchy type, management of employees in clan and hierarchy, strategic emphases in adhocracy type. Of the 24 options, a statistically significant difference was confirmed in six cases. The respondents do not significantly experience feelings of exhaustion or disruption of work-life balance in a post-pandemic situation. The practical findings emphasise the necessity for managers to know the location of dimensions, not only the type of organisational culture. Confirmed facts can help managers, leaders, and policy makers in choosing strategies for shaping organisational culture in non-governmental organisations to achieve the required performance.


The invention relates to a picking storage system for picking, in particular located in a container articles, the container made of the container storing at least one picking station are fed and provided there in flow channels and / or to change places in several different removal positions, wherein a conveying direction supplied from the container storage containers each run channel and / or change course passes. The aim of the invention is to reconfigure a time-consuming and labor-saving picking storage system of known type that at high space utilization at the same time a compact and ergonomic attractive workstation is created. To achieve the object, the invention proposes that the flow channels (13 and 14) and / or changing positions (15) and the picking station (10) in the upper region of the container bearing are arranged.


The purpose of this report is to introduce the city planning in the urbanization control area of Kisarazu city. We devised land use policy and district planning guidelines in the urbanization control area. There was many problems of land use in the urbanization control area. Sand collection development, Surplus soil disposal place, Industrial waste disposal facility, processing the farmland and the forest, Decrease in population. Particularly, the local decline is serious. We set seven zones in the land use policy. Zone to prohibit development, Zone promoting a village, Zone to guide development. The land use policy imaged German F-plan. The guidelines on district planning are based on land use policy. We decide district planning based on guidelines. And the development is admitted based on district planning. There is no development without a plan. I hope this system is useful for other cities.


The bite angle of bidentate phosphane ligands has a pronounced influence on the degree of retention of the double bond geometry of the allylic substrate in the allylic alkylation reaction. To study the effect of the ligand on the regioselectivity, (Z)- and (E)-pent-2-enyl acetate were used as substrates. The alkylation of substrates with an (E) conformation of the double bond results in the preferential formation of the linear (E) product. A larger bite angle of the ligand results in an increase of the regioselectivity to >98% for the Sixantphos ligand. Analogously, the alkylation of (Z) substrates results in the formation of the linear (Z) product. Remarkably, for (Z) substrates, a larger bite angle of the ligand leads to an increased regioselectivity for the formation of the branched product instead of the linear product, up to 47.5% for Sixantphos. The observed regioselectivities are rationalized in terms of: a) a competition between syn-anti isomerization and alkylation, and b) a combination of steric and electronic effects in the transition state of the reaction. For all ligands tested, the reaction is faster for the (E) than for the (Z) substrate. However, competition experiments using the Sixantphos ligand show a relatively fast reaction rate for the (Z) substrate, which indicates that the coordination of the substrate to palladium is the discriminating, but not the rate-determining, step when both substrates are present.


Abstract : A new method for time - resolved mass and kinetic energy analysis of ionic or neutral species in the range of 1 to 150 amu and 0.5 to 500 eV is described. Time - of - flight mass spectrometry is combined with position - sensitive detection to measure energy spectra for multiple masses at burst - mode sampling rates as high as 50 kHz. The detector is a rectangular microchannel plate with a 96 - element metal anode array that is read out either by fast analog - to - digital converters or by discriminators and scalers. The apparatus is configured so that the measured ion drift time varies as the square root of the mass - to - charge ratio and the displacement along the detector varies as the square root of the energy - to - charge ratio. Applications are envisioned in plasma analysis, in beam - scattering experiments, and in diagnostic measurements for spacecraft propulsion.


One of the methods used for the determination of the nuclear magnetic resonance involves the measurement of the emf generated in the auxiliary coil by the precession of nuclear spins in a constant field H/sub o/ and of the simultaneous interaction by the radiofrequency field H/sub nu /, acting perpendicularly on H/sub o/. A similar situation exists also in the case of electron spins exposed to H/sub o/ and H/sub nu /. An attempt was made to measure the electron paramagnetic resonance by recording the spin induction, making use of a 9500megaherz, klystron-generated frequency. Oscillographic studies with diphenyl picryl hydrazyl and yttrium ferrite single crystals were used for verifying the results. The spin-induction method may also be used for electron paramagnetic resonance studies by radiospectroscopic means with superheterodyne detectors; the method may be used also for determining the relaxation time on the basis of pulse measurements. (TTT)


ABSTRACT Lignite briquetting provided an effective method for the utilization of lignite powder. Based on the briquetting conditions of lignite, two kinds of binders (sodium humate and polyvinyl alcohol) were selected for the present study. The compressive and drop strengths of briquette were used as indicators to design an orthogonal experiment to examine the effect of composite binders. From the analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, sodium humate contained active oxygen-containing groups of -OH and -COOH, it would have strong adsorption during briquetting. Polyvinyl alcohol was a long-chain structure containing -OH functional groups, which played a role in the briquetting process. Using the orthogonal design method, the optimal composite ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium humate was obtained as follows: 2 wt% of sodium humate and 0.5 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol. From the scanning electron microscope, there was a fibrous structure of polyvinyl alcohol and solid bridge formed by the solidification of sodium humate on the surface of the briquette, which made the mechanical strength of briquette stronger.


Music education is an important part of spiritual and aesthetic personality development. However, the problem lies in the fact that outdated teaching methods cannot impart the whole complex of musicological knowledge. The article provides a view on the transition from the information education to professional innovation, carried out under the introduction of professionally innovation policies in future music teachers' preparation in the university education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is conducted with the reflection of its elements: professional and creative personal fulfillment of the future music teacher; introduction features of dual education; application possibility of competency-based approach and musical computer technologies. There were used the method of analysis, system and acmeological approaches to achieve these objectives. The article provides generalization of domestic and foreign experience on the research issue. The article provides an innovative content of the learning process in the system of higher music education, updated innovation-oriented professional competency of the future music teacher that was developed for the first time in attach to teacher's creative personal fulfillment in a professionally orientated training activity. There is also an emphasis on the necessity of introducing computer technologies in the music educational process, as they can significantly increase students' interest in music, as well as give an opportunity to develop musical skills by modern Hi-Fi and sound-recording systems.


A new pixel structure named base stored imager in CMOS process (BASIC), is proposed and realized with a conventional 1.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The BASIC cell comprises three pMOSFETs and a new photosensor, which has the gate-body tied nMOSFET structure. The BASIC cell achieves high responsivity because the photosensor amplifies the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Dynamic range is improved by using the reset of the base through the pMOSFET and correlated double sampling operation. The structure and operation principles of the BASIC cell are presented together with measurement results from the fabricated samples. It is shown that the BASIC cell can be scaled down for large arrays and it is adequate for low voltage operation.


This paper described how to design and finally accomplish a system for counting amount of teacher's work, thus provides a feasible substitution for manually counting amount of teacher's work for office clerks.


We read with interest the recent article reported by Peng and colleagues [1] evaluating the abilities of Child–Pugh, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) scores in predicting the in-hospital mortality in cirrhotic patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Finally, they concluded that all three scores could not predict mortality in cirrhosis with ACLF effectively. We appreciate the hard work of the authors in the research. However, a few concerns should be stated from a statistical point of view according to this study. As far as we know, previous researches have reported that, other factors, such as age, some blood routine, and biochemical parameters (e.g. leukocyte count, platelet count, triglyceride level, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin), prior history of acute decompensation, presence of liver failure, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, prothrombin time, and so on, may have a probable impact on prognosis of cirrhotic patients with ACLF [2–5]. For any convincing research evaluating the prognosis should be adjusted for potential confounders, it would be more relevant if the authors had taken all the possible factors affecting prognosis into consideration while assessing the abilities of these three different scores in mortality prediction. A multiple linear regression model could be used to evaluate the influence of variables to adjust the impact of potential confounders on the abilities of scores to predict mortality. In addition, the sample sizes of 100 patients diagnosed with ACLS according to the Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver criteria and 88 patients according to a joint conference of the European Association for the Study of the Liver and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases criteria in the current research are other minor limitations. So, the findings of the study may not be generalizable to a broader community based on this study alone. We believe that the conclusions of Peng and colleagues provide helpful information. Additional well-designed prospective researches with precise statistic methods and larger sample sizes are required to provide more robust evidence.


In present paper, a model driven by double loudspeakers is proposed, which can widely modulate acoustic pressure and oscillating velocity at the inlet boundary of regenerator. For the sake of contrastive analysis, other two models driven by single loudspeaker are built up. Based on linear thermoacoustic theory, the governing equations concerning different boundary conditions in three models are setup and discussed. The modulating ranges of inlet pressure and velocity in three models are compared. It verifies that the model driven by double loudspeakers is preferable than other two models for modulating acoustic pressure and oscillating velocity.


Introduction . Presently, the delivery of pregnant women with scar on the uterus vaginally is a strategically important task, which provides a reduction in the frequency of caesarean section and related complications. An important role in the structure of contra-indications for the vaginal delivery is devoted to determining the viability of the uterine scar. The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of delivery of pregnant women with uterine scar vaginally at the present stage of scientific development. Materials : literary data of foreign and domestic authors in the period from 1979 to 2017. Methods : a systematic review and synthesis of the literature data. Conclusion . It is necessary to determine the optimal algorithm for delivery of pregnant women with a uterine scar, which allows to optimize tactics of conducting such patients.


Ultrasound (US) is increasingly being applied to thoracic and abdominal cavities with incredible momentum. However, there is a demand for musculoskeletal (MSK) US imaging as well. Although life‐threatening diagnosis can be made via US of the cavities, there are enormous numbers of everyday MSK complaints presented to the healthcare system. The objective of this study was to investigate if the MSK US educational software could develop MSK ultrasound users.


The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) model state water code for states under riparian common law offers a comprehensive administrative permitting process for allocating water use entitlements. Florida has twenty years of experience with the Florida Water Resources Act (Chapter 373 Florida Statutes) similar in many respects to the ASCE model code. Areas of concern which have developed in Florida's permitting process are treatment of public water interests, private water interests, and allocation of scarce water among private water interests. Comparison of the two institutions across these areas of concern demonstrates the important role to be filled by an institutional process specifically designed to facilitate the transfer of developed water to new uses. In other words, market-based processes for trading water use entitlements have significance for eastern water permitting legislation.


Indicators of maternal-child morbidity and mortality are essential in the context of the organization of the Rede Cegonha (Stork Network), within the scope of the Unified Health System (SUS – Sistema Unico de Saude). This network is organized to ensure access, protection and successful resolution, through a model of attention focused on prenatal, delivery and childbirth, puerperium (or postpartum period) and logistic system. This article presents an ecological study of this network in a Regional de Saude (Regional Health Department) that was carried out using data from the SUS Department of Informatics of the Health Information Systems. An increasing percentage of pregnant women who had seven or more prenatal visits could be observed. However, few pregnant women completed prenatal care because they have not sought for the puerperium consultation. A child mortality rate close to the target set out in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals was observed. An increase in caesarean sections and a reduction in normal deliveries and at the same time a high maternal mortality were identified. These indicators point to the need to improve the quality of prenatal and delivery care.


Objective To study the radiation level of battery cards as well as related new rare earths materials,and to discuss its measurement and estimation method. Methods The content of nature radionuclide,radiation level and distribution for the battery card that used in mobile telephone were analyzed by alpha spectrometer,gross alpha and gross beta method along with solid state unclear track detectors.Results Alpha and beta radiation level on the surface of battery card were 0.3~2.8 Bq/cm~2 and 3.0~6.8(Bq/cm~2),respectively.The contents of ~(228)Th、~(230)Th、~(232)Th、~(224)Ra、~(238)U、~(234)U exceeded exempt concentration stated national radiation protection standard. Conclusion The rare earths products have been widely used in our daily life,some of them contain higher nature radiation.It need to pay great attention to the measurement and evaluation the radiation safety for this kind product.


The dynamics of apparent and event horizons of various black hole spacetimes, including those containing distorted, rotating and colliding black holes, are studied. We have developed a powerful and efficient new method for locating the event horizon, making possible the study of both types of horizons in numerical relativity. We show that both the event and apparent horizons, in all dynamical black hole spacetimes studied, oscillate with the quasinormal frequency.


The neutral-point potential imbalance is an inherent problem caused by the topology of three-level inverters. Firstly, the influence of long vector, medium vector, and small vector on neutral-point potential in SVPWM modulation is analyzed. Traditional neutral-point potential balancing methods only adjust the action time of redundant small vectors, ignoring the impact of medium vectors, and the regulation ability of small vectors at low power factors is limited. So a three-level neutral-point potential balance control strategy based on medium vectors being synthesized is proposed. The influence of the medium vector on the neutral-point potential is eliminated by using two adjacent long vectors to synthesize the medium vector. Then a neutral-point potential balance control model based on charge conservation is established by which the switching vector sequence is selected to control the inverter to achieve dynamic balance of neutral-point potential. Finally, the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method were verified through simulation results.


Mineral index maps generated using data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) have put Geoscience Australia at the global forefront in the provision of remote sensing products tailored for mineral exploration. ASTER mineral index maps have improved the way we map alteration mineralogy. While previous studies required many months of detailed mapping and sample collection, ASTER maps enable alteration to be identified before field work is undertaken, maximising the value of time spent in the field. They are one of the few remote sensing products to map mineralogy on a regional scale with sufficient spatial and spectral detail for mineral exploration, and are highly suited to first-pass reconnaissance and selection of exploration targets in areas of outcrop to moderate surficial cover.


1. Sterility of the uterine cavity. MOLLER, BR, KRISTIANSEN, FV, THORSEN, P, et al. Acta Obstetrica Gynecologica Scandanavica 1995; 74(3): 216-219 In a prospective study the sterility of the uterine cavity was evaluated in 99 women admitted for hysterectomy. The indications for hysterectomy were in the most cases persistent irregular vaginal bleeding and fibroids of the uterus. Samples for both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, Chlamydia trachomatis, yeast and viruses were taken preoperatively from the apex of the vagina and cervical os. After the hysterectomy similar cultures were taken from the uterine cavity. Nearly a quarter of all patients harboured one or more micro-organisms in the uterus, mostly Gardnerella vaginalis, Enterobacter and Streptococcus agalactiae. Therefore in a significant number of cases the uterine cavity is colonised with potentially pathogenic organisms which may playa causative role in endometritis. These results indicate that inflammation of the uterine cavity should be evaluated by hysteroscopic examination before hysterectomy is undertaken in patients with persistent irregular vaginal bleeding.


Theory of Competitive Needs divides man's needs into two big Categries: basic needs and competitive needs.The former is related to the restraint altitude while the latter to the motivation altitude .Competitive needs is the source of all complex high-level human activities .Contrasted to existing theories of Content-orientated Motivation ,theory of Competitive Needs differs in the starting point of how to categorize man's needs. It develops the theory that the preliminary man's needs fall into basic needs and competitive needs;All the other verious forms of embodiment needs develop from the above two needs; And it still holds the view that the above two needs coexist in one's whole life. Such categorizing makes theory of Competitive Needs expound human behaviour much better than existing theories of Content-orientated Motivation. Through the research into two man's needs, We can find out scientific management methods to all-level staffs in the organization of effective motivation and restraint.


The article deals with some issues of personal data processing and management in Russian libraries interactions with licensed resources providers. The author analyzes international practice on the libraries' way to establishing main principles of personal data privacy and security: minimal data transfer and informed patron's agreement on personal data processing. List of principles set up by "NISO consensus principles on users' digital privacy in library, publisher, and software-provider systems" are analyzed as well as American Library Association documents. Specific problems of personal data transfer from Russian electronic library systems providers to libraries are analyzed and some solutions are suggested.


In this study, the authors study a fibre-optic local area network deploying optical code division multiple access technique with differential M-ary pulse position modulation (DPPM). The authors present the performance analysis of DPPM signalling using a double optical hardlimiter receiver structure considering the impairment caused by interference of other users. The analysis assumes a set of bit asynchronous transmitters employing generalised optical orthogonal codes for their DPPM signalling (GOOC-DPPM). Using mathematical analysis and simulations, the authors have demonstrated that GOOC-DPPM improves both frame error probability and the maximum achievable network throughput compared with M-ary PPM modulation scheme. It is also indicated that using generalised OOC codes instead of strict OOC codes in DPPM modulation can increase the number of users who can simultaneously transmit data in the network. The authors have analysed the stability of GOOC-DPPM in a multi-user system and demonstrated its stability. Moreover, the performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated when its important design parameters such as code length, code weight and multiplicity index of the modulation are changed. The findings led the authors to provide some guidelines for proper selection of these parameters to be used for efficient system design.


During the collecting season of 1948, from late June to October, the University of Michigan maintained a botanical expedition in Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington. Dr. A. H. Smith who conducted the survey was assisted by Henry A. Imshaug and Emory G. Simmons. Dr. D. E. Stuntz of the Department of Botany, University of Washington, joined the group in July. They obtained abundant collections of Otidea species which, with the collections in the University of Michigan Herbariumi, form the basis of this investigation. The writer recognizes ten species and three varieties. This number materially exceeds the number in previous published reports for North America. Seaver (1928) reported three under the name Scodellina. One new species, 0. rainierensis, and one new variety, 0. alutacea var. microspora, are described from the Mt. Rainier collections and one new species, O. Kauffmanii, is named from Michigan material. The types of new species described here are deposited in the University Herbarium of the University of Michigan. The genus Otidea was established by Fuckel (1869-1870) for Pezixa leporina Pers. ex Fr., P. onotica Fr., P. cochleata L. and P. abietina Pers. The principal diagnostic character by which species of Otidea differ from those in Pesiza is the presence of a split in the apothecium. Fuckel (I.c.) in his diagnosis of the genus described the paraphyses as "filiform subclavate" although he included 0. leporina and 0. onotica in which the paraphyses are hooked and not subclavate. Since the genus was established, several species which have filiform or filiform-subclavate paraphyses have been described for it. Boudier (1885) considered the straight paraphyses as distinctive and established the genus Wynnella based in part on such paraphyses. 0. auricula Schaeff. was


STUDIES of long-term trends of death rates were made more difficult by the adoption, in 1948, of the sixth revision of the Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuri...


The article deals with the importance of developing lexicogrammatical competences of the students of non-philological faculties of the higher education and the issues of developing communicative skills of future specialists, and analyzes research findings and ideas of researchers associated with this process and ways of their elimination, as reflected in this article.


The first year course in Sociology at Mount Allison University introduced students to social issues via dynamic class interactions and assignments that are designed to build conceptual and applied skills. Developments to the course organization have maximized the opportunities for discovery learning and have made the class an enjoyable teaching experience. This article will outline the core innovations that have been developed: 1.) A workbook, similar in style to a hands-on science lab manual, has been developed to engage students in active in-class discovery learning projects. 2.) Client-based interactive class activities are used to help students engage in the solving of contemporary social problems in a manner that reveals the contemporary relevance and application of knowledge regarding social problems. 3.) Research assignments are provided through an internship at the simulated ESPRIT (Evaluating Social Policy Research Investigation Team) think tank which provides students with the opportunity to develop research and analysis skills that are relevant to careers in the field of social analysis. 4.) The course includes the analysis of a contemporary best-selling book that addresses a relevant social problem so that students have the opportunity to participate in current debates about issues of social importance.


The Australian Fair Pay Commission (AFPC) was established by the Howard government under the controversial WorkChoices legislation. It was heralded by its supporters as a major improvement on the previous system of safety-net wage cases under the Industrial Relations Commission and universally condemned by the union movement and Labor. Others questioned whether a minimum wage was needed at all or even whether it was a major impediment to labour-market adjustment. The AFPC's first and subsequent decisions were, therefore, looked on with interest by the media, academics, politicians and vested interests. This paper provides a critique of the AFPC's first decisions and suggests how the process of arriving at a minimum wage could be improved.


In planktonic ecosystems, the microplastics are considered as a potential food source for the zooplankton. To study a relationship between the zooplankton and the neustonic microplastics, a research experiment was carried out during May in the surface layers of the Yeosu coastal areas including Yeoja Bay, Gamak Bay, Yeosuhae Bay, and Botdol Sea. A neustonic zooplankton net (mesh size 300 μm; mouth area 30 cm×18 cm) was towed from the side of the ship in the event that it would not be affected by waves crashing by the ship at a speed of ca. 2.5 knots. All of the microplastic particles were separated from the zooplankton. The zooplankton and microplastics were appearing in a range of 61 to 763 indiv. m-3 and 0.0047 to 0.3471 particle m-2, respectively. It was noted that the Acartia omorii, Paracalanus parvus s. l., Labidocera euchaeta, A. hongi, decapod larvae, and cirriped larvae were predominantly seen in the experiment. For verifying relationships between zooplankton and environmental factors in addition to microplastics, a model redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed. The zooplankton were divided into two groups on the basis of feeding types (i.e. particle feeders, and carnivores), and the associated zooplankton larvae were also separately considered. A review of the additional environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, turbidity, chlorophyll-a concentration, diatom density, and dinoflagellate density were also contained in the analysis. The results showed that a noted zooplankton abundance had no close relation with the occurring number of microplastic particles, but rather was significantly related with other noted environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, turbidity, and chlorophyll-a concentration. This fact implies that most zooplankton can feed themselves as a unit, by selecting the most likely available nutritious foods, rather than microplastics under the circumstance of food-richness areas, such what food resources are available as in the location of coastal waters.


needs to 'sell' paper write abstract get student to write sections of paper work on draft together co‐ writing is slow track versions/ changes losing work provide feedback to others get feedback from others shift focus then return for fresh look edit final version edit inter‐ mediate version Incorporate new info Incorporate feedback inter‐ rupted lose focus schedule time for writing work at home /in evenings ask co‐ authors/ colleagues for quality check write in non‐ native language write intro Closing keynote address: Elsevier – Open to Accelerate Science 204 Key web trends defining the future Openness & Interoperability Personalization Collaboration & Trusted Views Openness and Interoperability Access to APIs and creating an ecosystem that brings together core base of users and tools to build applications Closing keynote address: Elsevier – Open to Accelerate Science


In order to solve the problems that extraction efficiency and the accuracy of Chinese domain ontology concept based on unstructured text is not ideal. We present a method of domain ontology concept extraction based on semantic rules and association rules. A set of candidate concepts and relationships are obtained by using field consistency,correlative checks and association rules,and the depth and breadth of relations of every concept in candidate concepts are computed,using the depth and breadth information to feedback the degree of membership between terminology and field,with the way of quantitative analysis to complete the extraction of domain ontology concepts. The experimental results show that this method has feasibility and rationality,the concept of domain ontology extraction accuracy increased by about 12%.


The paper discussed concepts and principles of ecology-based forest harvesting and connotation of ecology-based forest harvesting theory systematically.Ecology-based forest harvesting is implementing forest harvesting operation under instruction of forest ecology theory. The purpose is utilizing forest high-efficiently and promoting health and stabilization of forest ecological system and realizing sustainable forest utilization through harvesting and regeneration. Its connotation includes three levels:stands,landscape and natural disturbance simulation. In the stands level,wood yield,tree species,composition and arrangement,trees diameter class,optimum combination of bio-diversity,productivity of forest land,exchange process of material and energy and so on should be considered systematically in harvesting,so as to maintain the structure and function and insure stability and sustainability of forest ecological system. In the landscape level,to fulfil landscape planning and design based on the considering original vegetable and climax community,to realize reasonable arrangement of different forest landscape types through forest harvesting. Natural disturbance simulation requires selecting cutting trees,target trees and other reserved trees through natural simulation. At the same time,some mortality trees,fallen trees and litters should be reserved in the harvesting operation,so as to meet the survival requirements of forest animals and microbials. The article indicates that ecology-based forest harvesting theory is succession and development of neoteric forest management theories,it is an important approach for realizing sustainable forest management,it will plays an important role in forest conservation and reasonable utilization. Finally,main research fields and orientation for the future are put forward.


Wireless channels are error prone communication channels. It is well known that multimedia data can be vulnerable to transmission errors, to various degrees. Error control, such as forward error control (FEC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ,) and error concealment techniques have been developed to combat transmission errors for robust multimedia communications. The efficiency and effectiveness of an error recovery technique rely on the system error detection capabilities. We review techniques proposed in the area of error detection via data hiding in this paper. Typical errors can be classified into several categories. We discuss conventional error types, review algorithms using data hiding for transmission error detection developed in the last several years, and propose future work directions, especially for robust wireless multimedia communication.


Acknowledgement of responsibility for in-group harmdoing is considered a precondition for reconciliation. However, we know little about its impact on victim groups. Using a mixed methods approach, in two studies in Bangladesh we examine the role of acknowledgment and denial of responsibility on intergroup outcomes. Study 1 used an open-ended survey to assess Bangladeshis' perceptions about acknowledgement and denial of responsibility for the mass violence committed by the Pakistani army on Bangladeshis during the 1971 war. Study 2 experimentally examined the effects and the potential mechanisms (emotional reactions, perceived injustice, and relative power) through which acknowledgment and denial of responsibility impact two intergroup outcomes: out-group animosity and willingness for contact. Both studies demonstrated the importance of anger and perceived injustice as mediators of the effects of acknowledgment and denial of responsibility on intergroup outcomes. We draw implications for theory and for strategies to address past victimization across different contexts of conflict.


Introduction. The E-selectin ligand is a carbohydrate structure (sialyl Lewis x) expressed on myeloid cells and plays a role in cell adhesion and activation by binding specifically to E-selectin on endothelial cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts express the E-selectin ligand on glycoforms of CD44, CD62L and CD65. Interaction of AML blasts in the marrow microenvironment is believed to involve a number of receptors, including CXCR4, VLA4, and CD44. E-selectin in the vascular niche regulates dormancy for hematopoietic stem cells (Winkler IG et al. 2012), and chemoresistance and survival in AML. E-selectin inhibitors are now being studied in clinical trials in combination with chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Here, we evaluate the clinical significance of the expression of the E-selectin ligand using a panel of AML patient blood and bone marrow samples.
 Methods. We studied 89 serially acquired AML patient samples obtained with informed consent on an IRB approved protocol, 40 from new diagnosis patients, and 49 from relapsed or refractory patients. Five patients had favorable, 30 intermediate, and 43 unfavorable risk cytogenetics. We used multicolor flow cytometry to examine binding of an E-selectin-Fc chimeric protein or staining by HECA452 antibody that recognizes sialyl Lewis a/x carbohydrate epitopes. The blast population was gated by forward scatter vs. side scatter, then CD45 vs. side scatter. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) were defined as CD34+CD38-CD123+.
 Results. Percent E-selectin-Fc functional binding for the AML blast population ranged from 0.4 to 99.4%, mean 32.1% and median 20.9%. Percent staining by HECA452 antibody ranged from 0.9 to 99.6%, mean 54.3% and median 58%. These data suggest that the epitope recognized by the HECA452 antibody is present, but not always functionally active. The E-sel-Fc binding % was correlated with HECA452 % expression by Pearson's product-moment correlation, p=1.543e-06, correlation coefficient 0.50. We found a number of statistical correlations between expression of E-selectin ligand and clinical characteristics. There were statistically significant differences for mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) based on disease status, newly diagnosed vs. relapsed/refractory patients for E-sel-Fc binding, with values of 2884 vs. 11764 (p=0.0026 by Welch two sample t-test, p=0.000074 by Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction) and HECA452 staining 3387 vs. 8994 (p=0.00038 by t-test, p=0.0012 by Wilcoxon rank sum test) as depicted in left side figure, respectively. By Pearson's product-moment correlation, the MFI for E-sel-Fc binding was correlated with the MFI for HECA452 staining, p=5.815e-08, correlation coefficient 0.55. There were also significant differences for E-sel-Fc binding % favorable/intermediate vs. unfavorable risk cytogenetics, 24% vs. 39%, p=0.019 (t-test), p=0.033 (Wilcoxon rank sum test) (middle figure), but no difference for MFI. There was a tight correlation between expression of E-selectin ligand by the blast population and the leukemia stem cell population defined as CD34+CD38-CD123+, with p< 2.2e-16 (Pearson's product-moment correlation) and correlation coefficient 0.90 for % expression by E-sel-Fc binding as depicted in right side figure, and by MFI for E-sel-Fc binding, p= 3.24e-09 and correlation coefficient 0.65. E-sel-Fc binding MFI correlated with Flt3 mutation status (ITD and TKD), with mutation 9919 vs. 3858 without, p=0.042, and with a trend toward significance by HECA staining MFI, with mutation 8733 vs. 5101 without, p=0.055. There were no statistically significant differences for other features such as age, gender, secondary vs de novo AML, or presenting WBC.
 Conclusions. E-selectin ligands are variably expressed by AML blasts and LSCs. Mean fluorescence intensity of E-selectin-Fc binding is 4-fold higher for relapsed/refractory patients than for newly diagnosed patients (p=0.0026), suggesting that sequestration in the vascular niche of the marrow is associated with chemotherapy resistance. Percent E-selectin-Fc binding is higher in patients with unfavorable than favorable/intermediate risk (p=0.019) and MFI correlated with Flt3 mutation status (p=0.042), again correlating with worse prognosis. Moreover, expression of E-selectin ligands by LSCs is correlated with blasts from the same patients, suggesting a role for E-selectin in leukemia survival and propagation.
 Figure. Figure.

 Magnani: GlycoMimetics: Employment, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Fogler:GlycoMimetics: Employment, Equity Ownership. Thackray:GlycoMimetics: Employment, Equity Ownership. Becker:Novartis: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; CVS Caremark: Consultancy; Abbvie: Research Funding; Rocket Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy; JW Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Trovagene: Research Funding; GlycoMimetics: Research Funding.


The nucleotome, a recently developed instrument for percutaneous disc excision, was used for suction aspiration in two cases of osteomyelitis of the spine. The technique obtained significant amounts of pus, serosanguinous material, and tissue, which provided adequate samples for histologic examinati


Reciprocity among kin is central to Peruvian livelihoods, including into old age. Potentially affecting such family support, since 2011 Peru has offered a non-contributory cash transfer called Pension 65 for seniors living in poverty. Past negative experiences of state assistance, the limited sum, uncertainty about eligibility rules, and surveillance of recipients are weighed against the regularly paid income. This case study provides insight into how Allpachiquenos strategize about livelihood across generations. It shows that, when children have prospects, parents will jeopardize their access to Pension 65 (for example, by co-signing loans), as they prioritize material reciprocity. In contrast, in families with the fewest resources, parents spare their children from supporting them economically and do all they can to ensure eligibility by foregoing their assistance and withdrawing from active work. This forced retirement reflects their understanding of the state's rules of the fund and is at odds with local practice. This research addresses the recent trend for countries of the Global South to offer cash transfers to older individuals by examining the implications of the terms of eligibility.


The increasing complexity of industrial, economic and management processes in the organization, the uncertainty and variability of the environment, crisis led to the formation of self-regulation as a function of controlling the management system of the organization. On the basis of the traditional functions of management control has formed a meaningful and full of expression, the function of controlling quality management system of the organization. The objectivity of this factor is disclosed in an article based on the analysis of market conditions and environment factors that determine the success of the functioning of the organizations, as well as contradictions in the system of management.


Phase transitions are accompanied by sudden changes in physical properties of the material, which opens possibilities for a wide range of applications. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of their dynamics is crucial, especially for the novel, developing field of van der Waals materials. We present a method to spatially resolve states during the metal-insulator phase transition in tantalum disulfide. Unlike other techniques, it allows to study the influence of microscopic laser illumination on the whole, macroscopic sample. The measurements are complemented by numerical simulations.


CORRECTION Owing to some unexplainable error in transcription from the original manuscript parts of two different water analyses were copied as one and the CO3 radical was left out. The correct analysis for the water recovered from the 5,218-foot level at Powder Wash is as follows. Table End_Page 1604------------------------------ I am also in agreement with Mr. Case's explanation of the OH radical in the analysis under consideration. Cement contamination is the reasonable explanation with regard to the chemical peculiarities of this water sample which was secured by bailer after the casing had been set and cemented on the sand. The surprising feature is the persistency of cement contamination in the water even after several days of bailing from the sand. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1605------------


The pressure on power engineering professionals to generate better solutions for bigger problems in shorter time has driven many important technological advances during the past several years. The era of competitive electricity markets ushered in opportunities for solving many new challenging problems. Key success factors for developing the new generation of solution include: (a) solving the right problem; (b) solving the problem right; and (3) staying within the allocated time. In this paper a few examples based on actual RTO experiences are presented to illustrate some of the more interesting challenges. While security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) is required for RC, the exact formulation of the RC problem in the framework of SCUC requires significant efforts. While linear programming has been the optimization engine for SCED and FTR auction, it is unable to address integer constraint in SCUC. Until recently, most SCUC uses some forms of Lagrangian relaxation (LR) algorithm with various embedded heuristics. Coincidentally, there has been remarkable progress with the mixed integer programming (MIP) method for its growing position in future market optimization applications.


The present invention is a data processing in the target area relates to software for processing data, more specifically, the user recorded, but visually verify the target area captured by the aerial surveying equipment within a screen via aerial surveying device to manage the parameters necessary to efficiently to the user and on the ease of data processing software for the data pre-processing of Korean sounding equipment that can handle with drone flying device without the confusion of the process necessary for data processing. The data processing software for the Korean depth data pre-processing of the measurement equipment according to the invention for this purpose with drone flying apparatus for synchronizing receiving the SBET file and RAW data files that are needed for processing of the recorded the target area to the air measuring equipment data and a main interface, and the globe viewer in association with the data and based on the air position indicator (AIP) process in the main interface for displaying an image and a vector file of the target area, the SBET file input via the main interface, the but the information about the layer viewer and the raw data file to be input to the main interface that displays to confirm the layer hierarchy of the raw data file including the status viewer displayed on the screen, the SBET files are taken of the target area at one point during the shoot completed, GPS and INS data Using the emitter characterized in that the information about the position of the vehicle during the recording time, speed, and posture (posture angle) is stored.


Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is a multiparty and dynamic trust environment in which actors such as virtual network function (VNF) provider, Infra provider, Telecommunication Service provider and End users/subscribers dynamically provide or consume services based on trust. To set trust for an identity, currently for most cases, we rely on leap of faith, attestation from a trusted platform, or certificate from a trusted third party. However, these approaches fall short during scaling or create a single point of failure which are unwanted properties for continuous network service. Given the importance of security and service continuity in NFV domain, this paper proposes Trusted Identity Model a distributed approach for defining trust of an identity. It uses publicly verifiable ledger and a consensus-driven approach to set trust for identity.


The work investigates the impact of plasma nitridation process parameters upon the physical properties and upon the electrical performance of sub-15 A plasma nitrided gate dielectrics. The nitrogen distribution and chemical bonding of ultra-thin plasma nitrided films have been investigated using XPS. It is shown that N-Si3 bonds are dominant in the ultra-thin plasma nitrided films, and that O2=N-Si bonding configuration is observed when no PNA is applied after the plasma nitridation. The EOT reduction due to an increase of N in the film is not a monotonic increasing function of the DPN time. It seems that there is an optimum N concentration for a given thickness of the base oxide that enables the continued down scaling of DPN base dielectrics.


This paper presents a quarter-rate 3-tap DFE design for 4Gbps data rate with switched-capacitors based 1st speculative tap. We propose a quarter-rate DFE to supplement a drawback of switched-capacitors based half-rate DFE. In the half-rate DFE, comparators have not only low input capacitances but also low transconductance (low sensitivity) in order to eliminate the first post-cursor. Therefore, the comparators need to have enough pull-down time to make an accurate decision for a bit. The quarter-rate DFE approach has advantages of enough pull-down time because of operating at lower frequency of each data path and widely opened eye diagram at the output. In addition, it consumes less power than the half-rate DFE. The DFE is simulated with 180nm technology node and 1.8V power supply. The S21 parameter (channel loss) is 27 dB at 4 Gbps data rate, and the power consumption is 14.52 mW.


The purpose of this study is to demonstrate methodology for characterization of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), taking into account gasoline and electricity consumption and emissions associated with each. Field measurements were made of a Toyota Prius with 1.5 liter gasoline engine, Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) system with an original battery, and retrofitted Hymotion plug-in system with a second battery. The PHEV initially operates in charge-depleting mode (CD) until the Hymotion battery charge reaches a set point, after which it operates in charge-sustaining mode (CS) using only the original battery. Three systems were used for in-use monitoring of the PHEV: (a) electronic download from the hybrid control system interface for factors such as battery charge, voltage, and current, and on-board diagnostic (OBD) data such as engine RPM, manifold absolute pressure, intake air temperature, road speed, and others; (b) portable emission monitoring system (PEMS) measurement of exhaust gas concentrations; and (c) GPS monitoring of coordinates and of altitude using a barometric altimeter. These data were used to characterize the activity of the PHEV, the energy flow associated with the batteries and diesel engine, and the tailpipe emissions. Results are presented based on in-use data collection for real-world driving cycles, in order to demonstrate methodology for integrated analysis of a plug-in hybrid system. Fuel economies for CD and CS modes were approximately 60 and 40 mpg. The indirect electricity emission factors were estimated based on EPA eGRID and National Emission Inventory data. An engine load-based model based on vehicle-specific power (VSP) was developed to explain variation in battery current, fuel use and emission rates based on the real-world data.


The joint Vandenberg Air Force Base/Santa Barbara County program to establish three state and local air monitoring stations represents a unique undertaking for the Air Force and an innovative approach by the SBAPCD. This effort is consistent with the commitment the Air Force has made to protect the environmental quality at Vandenberg in the face of the development of two major projects - STS and MX. It is also a significant accomplishment for the SBAPCD which is able to substantially increase its ambient monitoring efforts in a period of diminishing resources. The resultant ambient air quality data base combined with the already existing extensive meteorological data base will form an extremely valuable resource for future studies. 10 references, 5 figures.


The ability to ensure healthy lives and well-being (SDG3, healthy lives) is dependent on accessible and affordable healthcare for everyone in need. However, people in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) often lack access to health interventions such as innovative medicines to treat medical needs. This chapter develops a sustainable drug development and diffusion framework for LMICs. The framework is applied to evaluate a global health threat that challenges the achievement of SDG3 targets: the emergence of multidrug resistance to anti-malarial medicines. Malaria is a poverty-related infectious disease that is caused by parasites and transmitted through mosquitos. Malaria is well treatable and effective drugs do exist, but they often fail to reach the infected patients. These days, the first-line anti-malarial medicines are becoming less effective because of multidrug resistance. This requires urgent and coordinated action at the levels of drug development, diffusion, and utilization. The integrated framework evaluates this emerging health threat by discussing four themes: availability, affordability, accessibility, and acceptability. Moreover, the interdependence between those themes is assessed. Finally, policy implications are proposed to address this global health challenge and to proceed toward a sustainable system of drug development and diffusion in LMICs.


Theoretical basis of the concepts of «social policy», «social protection» in the history of mankind. It is established that the concept of «social protection» is equivalent to the concepts of «social assistance», «social services», «social security» and «social support». On the basis of the study given its own definition of «social protection».


Rook polynomials are a powerful tool in the theory of restricted permutations. It is known that the rook polynomial of any board can be computed recursively, using a cell decomposition technique of Riordan.
In this paper, we give a new decomposition theorem, which yields a more efficient algorithm for computing the rook polynomial. We show that, in the worst case, this block decomposition algorithm is equivalent to Riordan's method.


Linda Nazarko explains why certain behaviour associated with dementia occurs, and advises how you can care for the older person so that such behaviour is minimized.


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Objectives: To explore if and how in the hands of the disenfranchised, social, cultural and (craft) human resources become creative tools of entrepreneurial resistance. Prior work: The disenfranchised entrepreneur is contextualised in a range of marginal settings, including rural peripherality, depleted urban communities, socio-economic exclusion, counter-cultural social movements, post-colonialism, or belonging to an ethnic minority. In such settings, economic capital is typically largely absent or hard to come by, and dominant institutional structures remain firmly closed to would-be entrepreneurs. Studies are starting to show that - in contrast to dominant market-capitalism rhetorics of the heroic entrepreneur – that discourses, structures and practices of liberation are often developed by disenfranchised entrepreneurs, and especially through creative and craft entrepreneurship. Approach: This study explores three case studies of likely entrepreneurial resistance, all drawn from the same network of creative counter-cultural organizations in Athens: a tattoo parlour, a small chain of skate board shops, and a punk rock band. By selecting a sample drawn from the same community, analysis of the local context is enhanced. A mixture of qualitative research methods is used to gather rich longitudinal data, including semi-structured interviews, analysis of the internet and social media artefacts generated by these entrepreneurs, and participant observation. Results: Participants were centred towards their own worlds, beyond the mainstream (which they largely ignored), and were almost entirely engaged with the creative excellence, emotion and community this generated. Implications: Marginality, the position of powerlessness, can be deployed as a resource permitting a special kind of liberated entrepreneurship. Not only recognizing the barriers around established institutions (with their norms, and structures of dominance) such entrepreneurship of resistance actually turns being beyond the barriers into a space of freedom, a space of play. Value: . Entrepreneurship,can act for the disenfranchised as a vehicle to enact "the creativity involved in moving among various cultural frameworks" (Bhabha 1990; 1994; Frenkel 2008).


Temporal and spatial precipitation information is key to conducting effective hydrological process simulation and forecasting. Herein, we implemented a comprehensive evaluation of three selected precipitation products in the Jiang Jialing River Watershed (JRW) located in southwest China. A number of indices were used to statistically analyze the differences between two open-access precipitation products (OPPs), i.e. Climate Hazards Group Infra-Red Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) and CPC-Global (CPC), and the rain gauge (Gauge). The three products were then categorized into sub-basins to 15 drive SWAT simulations. The results show: (1) the three products are highly consistent in temporal variation on a monthly scale, yet distinct on a daily scale. CHIRPS is characterized by overestimation of light rain, underestimation of heavy rain, and a high probability of false alarm. CPC generally underestimates rainfall of all magnitudes; (2) All three productsBoth OPPs satisfactorily reproduce the stream discharges at the JRW outlet with better slightly worse performance than the Gauge model. Model with CHIRPS as inputs performed slightly better in both model simulation and fairly better in uncertainty analysis than 20 that of CPC. On a temporal scale, the OPPs are inferior with respect to capturing flood peak, yet superior at describing other hydrograph features, e.g. rising and falling processes and base flow. On a spatial scale, CHIRPS offers the advantage of deriving smooth, distributed precipitation and runoff due to its high resolution; (3) The water balance components derived from SWAT models with equal simulated streamflow discharges are remarkably different between the three precipitation inputs. The precipitation spatial pattern results in an increasing surface flow trend from upstream to downstream. The results 25 of this study demonstrate that with similar performances in simulating watershed runoff, the three precipitation datasets tend to conceal the identified dissimilarities through hydrological model parameter calibration, which leads to different directions of hydrologic processes. As such, multiple-objective calibration is recommended for large and spatial resolved watershed in future work. The main findings of this research suggest that the features of OPPs facilitate the widespread use of CHIRPS in extreme flood events and CPC in extreme drought analyses in future climate. evaluating precipitation products using only 30 18 streamflow simulation accuracy will conceal the dissimilarities between these products. Hydrological models alter hydrologic mechanisms by adjusting calibrated parameters. Specifically, different precipitation detection methods lead to temporal and spatial variation of water balance components, demonstrating the complexity in describing natural hydrologic processes.


We show that gamma ray line emission at $\sim$0.4 MeV and $\lsim 0.2$ MeV can be produced by Compton scattering of beamed radiation in the jets of Galactic black hole candidates. This mechanism has the novel feature of not invoking the presence of $e^+$--$e^-$ pairs. To produce the two lines we employ a symmetric double sided jet with bulk flow velocity of about 0.5 c and incident beam radiation with a hard energy spectrum. We show that the two lines can be seen at viewing angle cosines relative to the jet ranging from 0.2 to 0.6. This comprises 40\% of the total solid angle. In addition, the line radiation is approximately 10\% polarized. Depending on the bulk flow and viewing angle the model can produce lines at other energies as well. In particular a broad feature near 1 MeV can be seen by viewing the jet close to its axis. Our model can also accommodate single line spectra if the beamed gamma ray emission or the jets themselves are asymmetric.


Based on the up-to-date studies on relationship between crust fluids and strong erathquake activities both home and abroad, several aspects of search and illustrations were conducted and a hypothesis on seismogenic process in a hard intercalary strata in the crust and promoting earthquakes by a fluids (SPH-PEF) was presented. The points of the hypothesis are that there are two (upper and lower) fluid activity systems and a hard intercalary strata between them in the crust. The hard intercalary strata is the one in which geostress is accumulated and earthquake is developed. When the stress is cumulated to the yield strength at some places, the micro-crack (dilatancy) stages will begin and earthquake source entity will be formed. The fluids of lower fluid system are absorbed to source entity by suctionpumps, and results in the two correspondence synchronous mechanics processes, the enhancement of shear force and the weakness of resistance to shear stress, and finally leads to the equality between the shear force and the resistance to shear stress, and the occurrence of earthquake.


We prove regularity (i.e., smoothness) of measuresμon Rdsatisfying the equationL*μ=0 whereLis an operator of typeLu=tr(Au″)+B·∇u. HereAis a Lipschitz continuous, uniformly elliptic matrix-valued map andBis merelyμ-square integrable. We also treat a class of corresponding infinite dimensional cases where Rdis replaced by a locally convex topological vector spaceX. In this casesμis proved to be absolutely continuous w.r.t. a Gaussian measure onXand the square root of the Radon–Nikodym density belongs to the Malliavin test function space D2, 1.


This chapter proposes a simultaneous estimator to estimate the time-dependent origin and destination (O-D) matrices for transit networks. The entropy-based approach is employed here, given the fact that there is no strong evidence of which type of model is superior, but the entropy-based model has certain computational advantages. A time-dependent optimal path algorithm and the network loading procedure are introduced; and the entropy-based formulation of the estimation of time dependent matrices in transit networks is given. Also discussed is the solution of the resultant problem by means of a very efficient sparse algorithm. The methodology presented provides a low cost solution to the estimation of O-D matrices, and allows the sensitivity analysis of the performance of a transit system with respect to the changes in transit schedules and the addition/removal of transit lines.