The focus of this survey is to study the protocols, mechanisms, and the latest standards proposed in the literature for improving the performance and quality of video content in multipath and multihomed overlay networks. Multipath is a broader term, but in the context of this survey, we define multipath as enhancing network routing technique by using various paths that are not necessarily completely disjoint. Multipath can furnish a variety of advantages such as reliability,connection persistence, increased perceived throughput and load balancing. On the other hand, multihoming is the ability to use multiple network interfaces when connecting to the Internet to increase reliability, resilience, and performance. Most existing surveys are specialized in one specific domain area related to multipath or multihoming. This study covers the research proposals at the different layers/sublayers of an overlay network from transport to the application and extends to cover the latest technologies like machine learning, Fog and Mobile Edge computing, VR 360 video, and the Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT). As such, our work tries to be as comprehensive as possible to relate multipath and multihoming research solutions for video streaming to the current and emerging video streaming technologies.


In the southernmost Ryukyu subduction zone, slab‐guiding behavior from intermediate‐depth earthquakes is well documented with a low‐frequency (<2 Hz) first P arrival followed by sustained high‐frequency (3–10 Hz) wave trains. Such waves developed by propagating along a long path within the slab are expected to have high sensitivity to anisotropy within the slab. We determine shear wave splitting parameters from 178 intraplate events that are deeper than 100 km. The possible slab‐anisotropy‐associated polarization pattern shows the fast direction at N65°E and delay time of 0.13–0.45 s. This is stronger than the previously documented crust effect (<0.1 s), similar to the mantle wedge effect (0.28 s in average), but weaker than the upper mantle effect (1.3 s in average) in Taiwan. The fast axis reflects the fossil spreading direction of Philippine Sea plate with minor clockwise rotation due to the collision to Eurasian plate.


The submarine topography of the Baie des Anges consists of a narrow shelf and a steep slope where about 1,000 m-thick Pliocene-Quaternary deposits overlie the Messinian erosion surface. After a stage of rapid development, this large sedimentary body was submitted during the Quaternary to degradation through active mass-wasting processes. Thirteen piston cores were taken in several parts along the flanks and the floor of the Var canyon. Logging of these cores included gamma-density measurements, sedimentary structure descriptions, and microfacies observations (nannofossils). The cores were also sampled for a first geotechnical analysis. Geotechnical parameters such as water content, bulk density, vane shear strength, and Atterberg limits allowed us to study the response of surficial sediments to the vertical effective pressure and to discriminate several geotechnical groups related to different genetic types of sediment. Particularly the consolidation state was evaluated with the calculated ratio between undrained cohesion and vertical effective pressure (C/sub u//P). The sediment stability was assessed using the infinite slope stability analysis method under undrained conditions. Results of this preliminary analysis show that sedimentary instabilities could occur on important slopes.


This paper studies the arguments regarding the regulation of freedom of the press in Corrientes during the second half of 19th century. In the first section I describe the main features of Corrientes' newspapers and the political context in which these discussions were held. Later, I analyze the participation of Agustin Justo, Miguel Morel and Santiago Baibiene in newspapers from Entre Rios and Buenos Aires. The links between the debates about the freedom of press and the performance of the journalists in exile shows that these controversies revolved around three issues: the moral duties attributed to the press for the consolidation of a republican system; the limitations regarding the legitimacy of political dissent, and the role of the press in the trajectories of political elites.


Who are our society's most vulnerable children? In the developing world, there are any number of child populations whose circumstances defy imagination – children growing up on the streets without their families; children taken or sold into slavery, prostitution or soldiery; orphans raised from infancy in institutions. While children in the developed world rarely face these realities, many suffer chronic and severe maltreatment that is similarly unimaginable and that profoundly harms their psychological development. Some of them remain with their families through their childhood, many are subsequently raised in alternative forms of care and others move back and forth between their families and alternative care. For me, these are Western society's most vulnerable children! This issue of Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry includes the fourth instalment of the journal's special series on the clinical implications of attachment theory and research. Articles published in this series have offered new knowledge and insights into the assessment, formulation and treatment of attachment and attachment-related problems, while the first two articles in this issue extend our theoretical understanding of the disorganized construct. The idea that advances in attachment theory and research will lead to new breakthroughs in clinical treatment of attachmentrelated problems is appealing. There is a danger, however, in looking at the challenge solely through the lens of attachment theory or attachment-directed treatment. In reality, the intra-familial social conditions that account for the most severe and enduring problems in attachment development (at least in the Western world) also account for children's exposure to complex trauma as well as maladaptive social learning. A sizeable proportion of chronically maltreated children present with complex attachmentand trauma-related symptomatology that eludes coherent formulation within DSM-V or ICD-10 (Tarren-Sweeney, 2013). This accounts for why many such children accumulate numerous and diverse diagnoses through their childhood. I have written before on the challenges that symptom complexity presents for clinical assessment and formulation and why these difficulties appear to be less responsive to standard therapeutic interventions. But in this editorial, I want to raise the broader question of how to improve our most vulnerable children's access to the therapeutic services they need and deserve. The vast majority of children who enter long-term statutory care do so following severe and/ or chronic maltreatment in their parents' care. We have a much better understanding of their use of mental health services than we do of severely maltreated children who remain in their parents' care. Nevertheless, the reasons that children with complex attachmentand trauma-related difficulties have difficulty accessing mental health services, and more particularly services that are well matched to their social circumstances and symptomatology, are likely to apply to both children in care and those who remain with their birth parents. Although children in statutory care are


The ground pearl Eurhizococcus colombianus Jakubski is a pest of economic importance in several Colombian fruittrees, mainly blackberry. For the establishment of any management program it is necessary to know some biological characteristics of this insect such as population dynamics, natural relationships and mortality factors. It is possible to predict the population dynamic through insect rearing and the construction of the life table, which summarizes the data of the population's vitality. The effect of four plant structures, stems and fruits of fig, bulbs of beetroot and tuber of yellow potato, on the life cycle, survival, life table and fertility was determined. The nymphs did not develope on fig fruits and tubers of the yellow potato because of the structures decomposition. On fig stems and beetroot the complete development of the insect's cycle was achieved, finding differences in the duration of the nymphal stage, the longitudinal measure of the cyst at the age of 110 days and the survival. With the life table data and fertility it was determined that this specie under laboratories condition presents a life cycle between 183-239 days, a low fertility, low power of multiplication and low population's growth. The data indicate that fig stems are suitable for rearing E. colombianus and that the management measures should be implemented when the pest is at the stage of egg and movable nymph.


Objective To observe the effect of kindness nursing on the surgery patients under local anaesthesia, and to improve the patients' satisfaction. Methods 200 cases of surgery patients under local anaesthesia were randomly divided into two groups: the control group(n=100) and the observation group(n=100). The traditional nursing was given in the control group and the kindness nursing was adopted in the observation group. Results The satisfaction index was 78% in the control group and that was 97% in the observation group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P 0.01). Conclusions The application of kindness nursing in the surgery patients under local anaesthesia has reached an obvious clinical effect, which also showed the necessity of changing service conception in medical workers.


This pilot research analyses the translation quality constructs that deem necessary for both source text ST and target text TT. The researchers' experiences in translation research and practice revealed that basically, there are five constructs of translation quality analysis which can always correlate with TT regardless of differences in translation models or theoretical backgrounds used. The Five Constructs for Translation Quality Analysis (FCTQA) include: translator, source text ST, ST initiator, translation process and linguistic characteristics. Thus, this pilot study was directed to develop basic translation quality constructs for reliable translation products' analyses. Hence, the research was designed to answer five scientific questions about both the validity and reliability of (FCTQA) in question. This study used purposive sampling techniques and a questionnaire for the process of internal consistency data collection which included the sample of professional translators in both countries; Malaysia and Libya. Each construct was loaded with a number of respective factors. The questionnaires were distributed to (n=30) of the said professional translators and all were completed and returned to the researchers. The process of data analyses depended much on descriptive statistics; whereby mean averages and correlational analyses were applied. The data were analyzed and measured against the pilot research constructs. The overall reliability coefficient of (FCTQA) was (r)=0.84 yielded by 136 factors. Then, the general discussions of (FCTQA) findings included guidelines on translation research directions; whereupon, the interpretation of findings addressed current issues on translation quality analysis. Finally, the professional suggestions and recommendations were provided in regard to (FCTQA) applications and implementations, including furthering empirical research on translation for better understanding of TT quality.


One or more transverse support a pick-up trailer structure include a hole in a flange at a location that is advantageous for the installation of retrofit product. The hole does not extend through the base plate itself. When customers install aftermarket accessories that require holes through the bottom plate, it is suggested the customer to align the new holes with the holes in the beams. Thereby, loads applied through the aftermarket accessories, efficiently transmitted to the frame girders.


By SWOT analysis,the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of hospital infection con-trol in our hospital were evaluated.The corresponding countermeasures were put forward,such as advance the devel-opment and training of qualified infection-control personnel,enhance the function of hospital infection control system,strengthen the management of antibiotics usage,and improve the monitoring of key departments and key links in hos-pital infection control.


This paper examines the development of adhesive journal binding in the UK and reports on an extensive trial of Remploy's adhesive binding in the Edward Boyle Library for Science and Engineering journals.


every woman is a world: interviews with women of Chiapas presents the lives of women born in Chiapas and others who have made Chiapas their home. The book consists of a foreword by Elena Poniatowska, an acknowledgments section, an introduction, and twenty-eight interviews. The initial remarks present the purpose of the book: to introduce the hard-working, and often unrecognized, lives of the women behind the men.


This study evaluates the level of burnout amongst a sample of health care professionals working in the Barcelona prison for men using the Maslach burnout inventory as a measuring tool (Maslach & Jackson, 1986). The hypothesis was made that burnout levels would be due to organization variables. However, burnout levels were found to be moderate, which may be explained by the high number of questions not answered in the questionnaire or by the subject's individual characteristics. It is also considered that burnout level may vary according to modulating socio-demographic variables, although results were only significant in the depersonalization scale when related to the subject's marital status. Married subjects manifested lower burnout levels, probably caused by higher levels of socio-emotional support. Finally, a high correlation was found between depersonalization and emotional fatigue scales on the Maslach burnout questionnaire. These results are in accordance with other studies that consider depersonalization to be a coping strategy for dealing with emotional fatigue. Key Words: Burnout Professional. Prison. Stress


Objective:To research the relationship with the character of tempterament and behavior development and social-life ability in preschool children. Methods:467 children aged 3~6 years were investigated by using Parent Temperament Questionnaire and Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist and Infants-Junior Middle School Student's Social-Life Abilities Scale. Results:The children with easy temperament(E) and difficult temperament(D) and slow-to-warm-up(S) respectively accounted for 60.6,29.1 and 10.3 percent.The children with the types of D and S had more behavior problems and low social-life abilities than the type of E.Conclusion:The importance of the character of tempterament must be emphasized for improving behavior development and social-life ability in preschool children.


Volatile compounds were determined in jamun (Syzygium cumini L.), an underutilized tropical fruit with a delicate flavour, and medicinal and therapeutic properties. 29 compounds were identified by GC-MS; 1 compound could not be identified. Predominant consituents were trans- and cis-ocimene, beta-myrcene and alpha-terpineol. The characteristic flavour of jamun was attributed to the presence of 3 esters (dihydrocarvyl acetate, geranyl butyrate and terpinyl valerate).


During the preparation of the type skeleton of Styracosaurus parksi, our able laboratory assistant, Mr. Otto Falkenbach, discovered that the best preserved lower jaw possessed several weathered fragments in the region of the mandibular fossa that did not conform to any part or parts of the well-known elements in the ceratopsian mandible. A comparative study of these fragments has led to a reexamination of all the ceratopsian material in the American Museum, and a number of the best preserved specimens in the National Museum, in the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, and in the Royal Ontario Museum of Paleontology. In addition, the mandibles of other dinosaurs in the American Museum, especially of Plateosaurus and Tyrannosaurus, have been restudied. This investigation has resulted in the discovery of an intercoronoid-a primitive reptilian jaw element-not previously recognized in the Ceratopsia. Also, a clearer understanding of several of the other jaw elements is now possible, and a better interpretation of several dominant features of the whole ceratopsian mandible can now be given. These results are incorporated in this paper. With the exception of the wonderful collection of Protoceratops from Mongolia, recently monographed by us (1940), most of the known ceratopsian material represents adult individuals, and few of the specimens have come down to us in perfect condition. Moreover, In most specimens the sutures are obscured by age, and it is extremely difficult to distinguish them from fractures. It is, therefore, only by careful and tedious preparation that certain elements of the jaw can be separated. Mr. Falkenbach has most skillfully disarticulated and re-prepared several specimens in the American Museum and National Museum collections, thus making it possible to study in detail, and to figure the intercoronoid and the other jaw elements, some of which have not been figured previously in their entirety. Drawings shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 12 were made by Alastair Brown. All of the other illustrations were made by John C. Germann.


An interesting by-product of the above outlined method was obtained as folIows. In order to test the accuracy, the method had to be applied to a star having no radial velocity variations, and resembling as closely as possible the spectrum of 0 Ori E. These conditions are hardly met by any known stable star. Therefore, the brightest helium star that itself is a helium variable, was chosen, HO 64740, with mv = 4~6, and several spectrograms were taken in rapid succession (exposure time"" 6 min) to ensure that no velocity shifts occurred between the first and the last plate. This test indeed proved the above claimed accuracy. To make further use of these test plates, O. Groote and J.P. Kaufmann, Berlin, started a detailed spectral analysis of HO 64740, based on a computer averaged spectrum that is composed of a total of 8 spectrograms, each belonging to the phase of helium minimum, and each widened to 0.5 mm. The emulsion is Kodak lIa-O, baked in nitrogen. Figure 1 demonstrates how smooth the averaged (intensity) tracing comes out, the quality almost approaching solar standards! The observed profile of HÖ and He I 4121 is given by the full Professor Kurt Hunger is a frequent user of the couda spectrograph at the 1.5 m telescope on La Silla. His work has mainly concentrated on highdispersion spectral investigations of stars with the aim of determining their physical parameters and chemical abundances. However, as is sometimes the case in fundamental research, unexpected discoveries may result from other (unrelated) programmes. The following article is a beautiful example of such an event. Professor Hunger recently lett the Technical University in Berlin to succeed Prof. A. Unsöld as director of the Kiel Institute.


Combining with the geological characteristics of Sanshui basin, the author analyses the possibility to do thermal simulation experiments of inorganic carbon dioxide, has done many experiments under different conditions and relative determinations, gives the concepts of yield quantity and conversion rate of inorganic carbon dioxide in sedimentary rocks and works out the method to calculate them. The experimental results show: the sedimentary rocks that contain carbonate minerals can convert into a number of inorganic carbon dioxide, the higher the conversion rate of inorganic carbon dioxide is, the easier the carbonate minerals in the sedimentary rock convert. Under the same thermal maturity, the quantity of organic carbon dioxide yielded in kerogen of style Ⅱ is smaller than that yielded in kerogen of style Ⅲ. There is a close relation between the carbon isotope and origin of carbon dioxide. Along with the increase of thermal maturity of organic matter,the 13C is getting more and more in organic carbon dioxide yielded by the same style organic matter. The 13C in inorganic carbon dioxide is enriched obviously than that in organic carbon dioxide. The 13C in inorganic carbon dioxide is enriched as the pH of water added in the experiment decreases and the content of inorganic carbon dioxide in the yielded gas, the experimental temperature and time increase. All these experimental results give proofs of simulation experiments for the research on the origin of carbon dioxide and its resources evaluation.


The present study extends findings regarding the established relation between intimacy (emotional and sexual) and couple satisfaction by investigating dyadic processes of intimacy (actor and partner effects) and the moderating role of gender and insecure romantic attachment on this relation. Using a sample of 117 heterosexual couples, results analyzed through an Actor-Partner-Interdependence Model revealed that only actor and partner emotional intimacy were significantly and positively related with actor couple satisfaction when examined simultaneously with sexual intimacy; stronger effects were revealed for actor versus partner emotional intimacy. Actor avoidant attachment was also found to moderate the aforementioned association, such that a decreased positive relation was demonstrated between actor emotional intimacy and actor couple satisfaction. Thus, results suggest that emotional intimacy may play a less important role in the attainment of satisfactory couple relationships amongst individuals exhibiting higher attachment avoidance. The myriad of additional practical and clinical implications of findings are discussed.


KDP (Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate) crystal is a kind of electro-optic nonlinear optical material. With increase of the growth size of KDP crystal, the crystal will crack during the growth process, which restricts the development of technology on large-size crystal growth. So as to discover the mechanical behavior of crack of KDP during the growth, the mechanical testing of KDP crystal was performed, its material property of transversely isotropic was verified, Poisson's ratio and other key mechanical parameters are got. It's the necessarily step for the further research of the crack mechanism of KDP crystal.


Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) infections are a clinical challenge; it is hard to treat due to elevated antibiotic resistance (multi-drug resistance) and elevated risk of resistance during treatment. Carbapenems and fluoroquinolones are therapeutic options for Gram-negative bacilli diseases including strains (A baumannii). New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1 (blaNDM-1) gene, an acquired class B carbapenemase. The distribution includes mainly bland-1 gene transfer among promiscuous plasmids and clonal infections. The genes of quinolone resistance, such as the one family, can be transmitted horizontally and lead to decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility. To investigate the prevalence of bland-1 and qnrA resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients with different infections in Al-Hillah hospitals. This cross-sectional study involved collecting 200 clinical samples from three main hospitals in the province of Babylon. Samples were inoculated for the biggest isolation in MacConkey and blood agar, followed by biochemical exams to confirm Acinetobacter.baumannii diagnosis. Using the disk diffusion technique, the susceptibility test for 14 kinds of antibacterial drugs was evaluated. Special techniques were used to extract chromosomal and plasmid DNA. Out of 40 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, there were 16 isolates (40%) positive for the bland-1 gene and 20 isolates (50%) positive for the NRA gene. In Conclusion, Multidrug resistance Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems (Imipenem and Meropenem) and quinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin) was carried two genes have a role in the resistance. The bla NDM1gene is associated with the resistance to carbapenems specially IMP and MEM. The NRA-gene is associated with the resistance to quinolones especially (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin).


The invention discloses an automatic hooking and unhooking type hammer device provided with a hydraulic source and used for dynamic compaction. The automatic hooking and unhooking type hammer device provided with the hydraulic source and used for dynamic compaction comprises a hammer unhooking and hooking body and a pounder, wherein the hammer unhooking and hooking body comprises a piston rod, the upper portion of the piston rod is thick, the lower portion of the piston rod is thin, the piston rod downwards penetrates through a piston to be connected with an inner steel ball locking ring located on the lower portion of the piston and used for controlling steel balls to stretch outwards, the outer end of the piston is sleeved with an oil cylinder barrel, a guide ring is connected to the outer side of the oil cylinder barrel, a steel ball holder is connected to the lower end of the oil cylinder barrel, a plurality of steel ball holes are formed in the side wall of the steel ball holder in the circumferential direction, and the steel balls are arranged in the steel ball holes and are located on the outer side of the inner steel ball locking ring; a guiding funnel is connected to the upper end of the pounder, an outer steel ball locking ring is arranged in the middle of the lower end of the guiding funnel, and a plurality of longitudinal rib plates are connected between the outer circumference of the guiding funnel and the pounder; the cylinder barrel is controlled by a hydraulic system to move up and down. The automatic hooking and unhooking type hammer device provided with the hydraulic source and used for dynamic compaction has the advantages of being easy and convenient to operate, capable of improving working efficiency, proper in cost and capable of being adapted to various complicated engineering environments and achieving automatic hooking and dynamic unhooking of the pounder.


Models are one of the main and most commonly used instruments in Computer Science and Computer Engineering. They have reached a maturity for deployment as the main tool for description, prescription, and system specification. They can be directly translated to code what enables us to consider models as the main tool for modern software development. Models are the power unit towards new programming paradigms such as true fifth generation programming. This paper introduces model-centered programming as one of the main ingredients and main tool of true fifth generation programming.


L6 rat myoblasts undergo differentiation and myotube formation when cultured in medium containing a low‐concentration of serum, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. The role of atrogin‐1, an E3 ligase with well‐characterized roles in muscle atrophy, has not been defined in muscle differentiation. Myocardin is a coactivator of serum response factor (SRF), which together promotes smooth muscle differentiation. Myocardin is transiently expressed in skeletal muscle progenitor cells with inhibitory effects on the expression of myogenin and muscle differentiation. It remains unknown whether myocardin, which undergoes ubiquitination degradation, plays a role in L6 cell differentiation. The current study aimed to investigate the potential roles of myocardin and atrogin‐1 in differentiation of L6 cells. As reported by many others, shifting to medium containing 2% serum induced myotube formation of L6 cells. Differentiation was accompanied by up‐regulation of atrogin‐1 and down‐regulation of myocardin, suggesting that both may be involved in muscle differentiation. As expected, over‐expression of atrogin‐1 stimulated the expression of troponin T and myogenin and differentiation of the L6 myoblasts. Co‐expression of myocardin with atrogin‐1 inhibited atrogin‐1‐induced myogenin expression. Over‐expression of atrogin‐1 decreased myocardin protein level, albeit without affecting its mRNA level. Small‐interfering RNA‐mediated knockdown of atrogin‐1 increased myocardin protein. Consistently, ectopic expression of myocardin inhibited myogenic differentiation. Unexpectedly, myocardin decreased the expression of atrogin‐1 without involving Foxo1. Taken together, our results have demonstrated that atrogin‐1 plays a positive role in skeletal muscle differentiation through down‐regulation of myocardin. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1989–1995, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a critical and long-term disorder due to the insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas or ineffective use of insulin by the body. Importantly, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has long been thought to be linked with diabetes. Despite more diabetic individuals surviving from better medications and treatments, there has been significant rise in the morbidity and mortality from CVD. Indeed, the classification of DM based on the electrocardiogram signals of the heart will be an advantageous system. Further, computer-aided classification of DM with integrated algorithms may enhance the execution of the system. In this paper, we have reviewed various studies using heart rate variability signals for automated classification of diabetes. Furthermore, the different techniques used to extract the features and the efficiency of the classification systems are discussed.


In this study, a 4UM-120D electric leafy vegetable harvester was employed as the research object. An automatic control system was created to maintain the cutter's height above the ground within ±2% of the desired value. The intention was to reduce the operators' work intensity while improving the leafy vegetable harvester's working quality. The automatic control system for the cutter height from the ground was explained, along with its structure and operating philosophy. MATLAB was used to establish the two-phase hybrid stepper motor's mathematical electrical equation and mechanical equation models. An analysis was carried out on the fundamentals and differences between position PID and incremental PID control algorithms. Utilizing incremental PID in combination, the control strategy for the harvester cutter height from the ground was built, and an automatic control system was produced under the corresponding control strategy. The stability, accuracy, and rapidity of the automatic control system of the cutter height from the ground under the incremental PID control strategy were analyzed by simulating different actual working conditions with MATLAB/Simulink and taking the steady-state transition time as the evaluation index. The test results show that when the deviation between the current value and the set value was greater than 2%—that is, when the harvester was in the condition of suddenly crossing the ditch or suddenly climbing the slope—the automatic control system based on the incremental PID control strategy had a good dynamic response performance and stability. This resulted in the automatic control function of the harvester cutter height off the ground being achieved. When the rotation angle PID control algorithm's proportional coefficient is Kp = 4.665, the rotation speed PID control algorithm's proportional coefficient is Kp = 5.65 and its integral coefficient is Ki = 3.86, and the current PID control algorithm's proportional coefficient is Kp = 0.5455 and its integral coefficient is Ki = 30.4578. The harvester abruptly crossed a ditch while operating steadily, and the automatic control system's steady-state transition time for the height of the cutter off the ground was 1.0811 s. The harvester abruptly climbed a slope while operating steadily, and the automatic control system's steady-state transition time for the height of the cutter off the ground was 1.1185 s. Data from the field tests revealed a degree of reliability in the simulation test results. The study offered a strategy for raising the harvester quality for leafy vegetables while lowering the operator workload.


Experiments in social media have rapidly become an important method in social science. However, there are a number of methodological problems connected to this method. One of these is the fact that social media are dominated by a small number of information oligopolists such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Since the service provider has control over the information and the algorithms that structure the information, manipulation in a controlled environment is impossible without cooperation. This presents the researcher with a choice: either you try to cooperate with the service providers or you try to emulate the services in a lab setting. Either choice presents the researcher with a number of challenges. This paper outlines a typology of the methodological problems associated with either choice. (Less)


High-dimensional data are prevalent across many application areas, and generate an ever-increasing demand for statistical methods of dimension reduction, such as cluster and significance analysis. One application area that has recently received much interest is the analysis of microarray gene expression data. The results of cluster analysis are open to subjective interpretation. To facilitate the objective inference of such analyses, we use flexible parameterizations of the cluster means, paired with model selection, to generate sparse and easy-to-interpret representations of each cluster. Model selection in cluster analysis is combinatorial in the numbers of clusters and data dimensions, and thus presents a computationally challenging task. In this article we introduce a model selection method based on rate-distortion theory, which allows us to turn the combinatorial model selection problem into a fast and simultaneous selection across clusters. The method is also applicable to model selection in significance analysis We show that simultaneous model selection for cluster analysis generates objectively interpretable cluster models, and that the selection performance is competitive with a combinatorial search, at a fraction of the computational cost. Moreover, we show that the rate-distortion based significance analysis substantially increases the power compared with standard methods. This article has supplementary material online.


Shack-Hartmann type laser wavefront sensors were applied to simultaneous single-shot imaging of 2-D electron and copper-vapor density distributions over intense-mode vacuum arc discharges with a pulsed current waveform of 800 A in peak and 24 μs in damping time constant. A parametric analysis of the ion current based on our experimental results suggested that the intense-mode arcs included highly energetic ions moving from cathodes to anodes with a high velocity of 104 m/s and their proportion was larger than or comparable to slow ions with 10-1 m/s drifted from anodes to cathodes by the electric fields. Furthermore, hydrodynamic calculation demonstrated that the copper vapor in the vacuum plasmas dissipated almost instantaneously in a time scale of ~1 μs and it was not residual metal medium but fresh one continuously supplied from the electrodes.


Constructivist theory is generally accepted as the theoritical basis for innovating traditional teaching.This article attempts to explore the combination of constructivism with the new education conception in class teaching so as to find a proper class teaching mode.


This chapter examines Empedocles's idea of monstrosity in the early generation of life, when the earth spontaneously produces all sort of monstrous beings, only some of which will survive and generate viable forms of life. Empedocles intends to establish the norms of life on the process of generation and selection of monstrosities. Nature is not an artist that shapes normal life after many unsuccessful attempts. Empedocles rather sees Nature itself as the successful result of spontaneuous events that create limits and boundaries for viable life. The other major philosopher of the pre-Platonic period is Democritus. I explore his materialism and its relationship with necessity and chance. Atomists have been accused of paradoxically grounding their universe on both necessity and chance. I show that the paradox, however, is only such from the Aristotelian perspective, which aims at establishing teleology as the highest form of causality, in particular in the biological realm. Through the idea of monstrosity, Democritus grounds its atomism on the concept of the spontaneous formation of life. Beyond Empedocles, Democritus flattens even further the material ontology of nature, grounding it on the epigenetical production of normal and mostrous life alike. Through a reading of the agonistic process of life formation, monstrosity becomes the antidote to teleology.


Experiences show that studying, designing, manufacturing and processing of irrigation and water networks and modern water supply systems in Iran has a long history. Also, studies have shown that besides the significant development of water resources containment and its distribution in the area of cultivated land, due to the lack of effective interaction with consumers, one of the serious issues was the development plans. An examination of the issues and issues in this field emphasizes the active participation of volunteers (consumers). In this regard, in the second phase studies of the Kheir Abad Irrigation and Irrigation Network, under the influence of two Zohreh and Khyber Abad rivers in the province of Khuzestan, studies are needed to investigate the available water resources and existing irrigation systems, as well as how to form irrigation organizations in The scope of the project was that the results indicate that the stakeholders are satisfied with the implementation of the project due to the application of their views during the design, implementation, and implementation, and in addition to reducing social tensions, and as a result, the project will be improved in less time.
Keywords : Social studies, Irrigation network, Consumers


The natural convection nanofluidflow over a non-isothermal vertical plate is studied numerically. The effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters are incorporated into models used for nanofluids. The non-linear partial differential equations and boundary conditions are transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinally differential equations using the similarity transformations. The resulting system of equations are solved numerically by using shooting techniques. This solution depends on the Prandtl number (Pr), Buoyancy ratio (Nr), Brownian-motion (Nb), thermophoresis parameter (Nt), Lewis number (Le), and power-law exponent (λ). For different values of λ, Le and Pr, the influence of reduced Nusselt number with Nr, Nb and Nt is represented by correlation formulas and compared with previously published results and found to be in better agreement.


Transformation electromagnetics provided an effective tool to design devices that could control the electromagnetic wave with desired ray traces. However, the resulted material constitutive parameters for these devices are mostly inhomogeneous and anisotropic, which usually rely on large number of precisely defined sub-wavelength artificial structures, or metamaterials. In this paper, we show that by employing simple linear coordinate transformations, devices for antenna and invisibility cloak applications can be achieved with homogeneous birefringent dielectric media, which can be further constructed with multilayer of normal dielectrics, reducing the complexity of practical realization. Two examples, a planar retrodirective reflector and a ground plane invisibility cloak, have been successfully designed. The functionality has been validated through full-wave simulation, as well as experimental testing on the proto-type.


The droplet interface bilayer (DIB)was recently used to show that a 5 nm thick lipidmembrane placed near a vibrating synthetic hair could transduce hairmotion into electrical current. Herein, we study for the first timemechanoelectrical transduction of hairmotion usingmulti-membraneDIB arrays formedwithmore than 2 droplets connected in series, andwe introduce a transductionmodel to investigate how airflow across the hair generates current in amembrane-based hair cell. Measurements of sensing currents across everymembrane in serial chains of up to 5 connected droplets demonstrate that perturbation of a single hair creates vibrations that propagate across several droplets, allowing formembranes that are not directly attached to the hair to still transduce itsmotion. Membranes positioned closest to the hair generate the largest currents, while those farther away produce less current due to energy loss from fluid damping. Insertingmultiple hairs of different lengths into different droplets in the array yields sensing currents that exhibitmultiple characteristic frequencies in addition to location specific current intensities, features that can be used to spatially localizemechanical perturbations.We also develop a transductionmodel that provides an order-ofmagnitude approximation of the sensing current generated by amembrane in response to airflow across the hair. Thismodel provides physical insights into howmembrane-basedmaterials can be used for sensingmechanical stimuli—just like nature does.


Abstract Use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for spinal fusion has increased in recent years through the use of either cellular bone matrices (CBM) or bone marrow aspiration (BMA). Advantages of these stem cell graft types are their potential ability to provide long-term cell proliferation, self-renewal, and multipotent differentiation afforded by the gold standard of autologous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) without the known drawbacks of its harvest. The aim of this article is to review the evidence on the use of allogeneic or autologous MSCs in anterior spine surgery through the utilization of CBM or BMA, respectively. Practice recommendations will then be provided based on the available published evidence.


In a previous article,[1][1] we reported population-based findings from the Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE) on factor V Leiden and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We used a nested case-control design (301 new VTE cases and 630 controls through 1998) from the


Thank you for downloading stupid white men and other sorry excuses for the state of the nation. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite books like this stupid white men and other sorry excuses for the state of the nation, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer.


IN THE UNITED STATES, APPROXIMATELY 1000 GENERAL SURgeons complete their residency training each year. These surgeons have completed 4 years of medical school and 5 clinical years of residency, and during residency many also have spent 1 or 2 years in a research laboratory. Thus, these physicians enter the workforce between the ages of 33 and 35 and usually have $150 000 to $250 000 in educational debt. The training of surgeons has been stable since the early 1970s, and the number of general surgery residency training programs will not likely increase. Even if new medical schools were established the number of surgeons trained would not likely increase much, because many medical students have lost interest in pursuing a career in surgery. In small urban or rural hospitals, which care for approximately 54 million patients, general surgeons care for emergencies and trauma and perform a variety of operations. They are essential to the provision of adequate health care and often are the most well-rounded surgical clinicians in the area. Therefore, training only 1000 general surgeons per year will not meet demands. Specialization also affects the general surgical workforce. Presently, approximately 70% of graduating surgical residents pursue specialized surgery training, and this percentage may be increasing. Thus, only about 300 to 400 of the 1000 general surgeons completing residency each year will choose general surgery practice. There are several reasons for surgeons to specialize. To be thoroughly competent in the face of a knowledge base that is increasing in all areas, many surgeons choose to limit the number and types of surgical procedures they perform. Additionally, it may be easier to develop expertise in some subspecialties, and more refined expertise often leads to economic rewards. In some large urban environments, subspecialists bill at higher fees than general surgeons performing the same procedures. A career as a specialist caters to the lifestyle preference of medical school graduates, who have little desire to work 80 to 100 hours per week with little time for families. They are less focused on being entrepreneurial and accept being employed by large group practices if it means they need not worry about the economics of practice and if they can have less demanding on-call schedules, which enable them to spend more time with their families. Furthermore, current surgical residents are being trained in the environment of an 80-hour work week. These individuals have come to understand that even if they have a sick patient who has not been totally stabilized, they must hand over the care of the patient to someone else. Residents are forced to be content with this system, in which they are instructed about number of work hours. While limited work hours and a lifestyle conducive to family priorities are desirable, the nature of surgical problems remains unchanged or may be more intense because of an aging patient population. For example, the situation of a patient with a perforated colon who will die in 12 to 24 hours if peritonitis is not controlled does not change so a surgeon can go home at a decent hour.


Chrysanthemum {Dendranthema indicum (= Chrysanthemum indicum L.)}, crop is being affected by several fungal, bacterial, viral and nematode induced diseases. However, leaf blight, caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler has been common occurrence, causing quantitative as well as qualitative losses in chrysanthemum. Therefore, present in vitro study was planned in CRD with two separate experiments (Contact and systemic and combi-fungicides) in vitro, in 13 treatments replicated thrice, to assess the efficacy of fungicides against Alternaria alternata, at the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Latur (MS), during Rabi, 2019-20. Results revealed that, all of the six systemic (each @ 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm), five contact and two combi-products fungicides (each @ 1000, 2000 and 2500 ppm) evaluated in vitro were found fungistatic and exhibited significant mycelial growth inhibition of A. alternata, causing Alternaria leaf blight of chrysanthemum. However, the systemic fungicides viz., Propiconazole 25% EC and Hexaconazole 5% EC (100%), followed by Difenconazole 25% EC (87.81%), Penconazole 10% EC (86.13%) were found most effective against the test pathogen. Whereas, among contact / combi – fungicides the most effective fungicide found were Carbendazim 12% WP + Mancozeb 63% WP with highest growth inhibition (81.96%), followed by Mancozeb 75% WP (78.05%), Copperoxy chloride 50% WP (69.36%), respectively.


Recently, a series of KNI compounds such as KNI‐227 and KNI‐272 has been synthesized and shows potent and selective HIV‐1 protease inhibitory activity in vitro. In this study, we developed an HPLC assay system for KNI‐227 and KNI‐272 in rat plasma and examined the pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats after both intravenous (i.v.) and intraduodenal (i.d.) administrations to obtain the disposition characteristics and bioavailabilities of these new anti‐AIDS drugs. After i.v. administration of KNI‐227, 10.0mg kg−1, the mean terminal elimination half‐life, t1/2λz, was 0.808±0.161(SE)h, the total body clearance, CLtot, was 11.7±3.3 ml min−1 and the distribution volume at steady state (Vd,ss) was 1410.460 ml kg−1. On the other hand, after i.v. administration of KNI‐272, 10.0mg kg−1, t1/2λz was 2.86±0.78 h, CLtot was 15.3±1.4 ml min−1 and Vd,ss was 3440.670 ml kg−1. In the case of the i.d. administration of drugs, the mean peak plasma concentrations, Cmax, of KNI‐227 and KNI‐272 were 0.374±0.110μg ml−1 and 0.900±0.093 μg ml−1, respectively. The bioavailabilities (BA) of KNI‐227 and KNI‐272 to infinity, BA(0‐∞), were 5.90% and 42.3%, respectively. As compared with the lead compound, KNI‐174, the BA of KNI‐272 was improved about 10 times. Although the anti‐AIDS virus activity of these two drugs has not been investigated in vivo, KNI‐272 is expected to be a better candidate for oral anti‐AIDS therapies.


This talk was presented as part a Breakout Session 2 | Panel 3: "Program Development of Embedded Tutors." This is the full PDF of the talk's speaking notes.


We investigate the effectiveness of two different methods to solve the linear least squares fit (LLSF) problem for document categorization. The first method is the singular value decomposition (SVD) method that has been previously used to solve the document categorization problem. The second method is the conjugate gradient (CG) method that is one of the most effective algorithms for solving a linear equation problem. However, up to our knowledge, the CG method has never been applied to handle the document classification problem. Therefore, we compare the effectiveness of these two LLSF methods to categorize text documents. In addition, we examine the effect of using different term weighting schemes on their performance for document classification. Lastly, we compare the performance of the LLSF classifiers against the neighborhood-based Dt-kNN classifier, our best variant of the kNN classifier integrated with a dynamic threshold scheme, on the Reuters 21578 dataset. Besides being the first proposal to use the CG method for document classification, our work opens up many exciting directions for future investigation.


The invention discloses a processing technology for cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride. The processing technology comprises the steps that firstly, raw materials and auxiliary materials are dried, and the water content of the raw materials and the water content of the auxiliary materials are made to be lower than or equal to 3.0%; the raw materials and the auxiliary materials are screened through a 100-mesh screen and then mixed, dry granulation is conducted, tabletting is conducted, and products are obtained after coating is conducted. By means of the processing technology, the pharmaceutical preparation good in quality and stability, smooth in tablet face and even in color can be obtained.


Aims and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hippocampus has been extensively studied in both neurological and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, hippocampal volume reductions on MRI have been reported in patients with chronic alcoholism. The present volumetric MRI study was undertaken to determine whether an association exists between hippocampal volume reduction and first-onset alcohol withdrawal seizure. Until recently, no data as to whether hippocampal volume reductions in alcoholics might serve as a predictor of withdrawal seizures were available. Results: We found the average hippocampal volumes measured by high resolution MRI to be significantly reduced in 52 alcoholics compared with 30 healthy controls. Besides a decrease of hippocampal volume in patients with chronic alcoholism, we could not find any significant correlation between the occurrence of seizures during alcohol withdrawal and the amount of hippocampal volume reduction in these patients. Conclusions: Thus, the alcoholism-related atrophy within the hippocampal formation in patients suffering from chronic alcoholism does not seem to be the source of convulsive activity in these patients. Neither does the amount of atrophy allow the occurrence of first-onset withdrawal seizures to be predicted. *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of ErlangenNuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6-10, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/alcalc/article-abstract/38/1/40/125240 by guest on 26 July 2018 withdrawal episodes (>3) and/or previous withdrawal seizures were also not enrolled in the study, in order to avoid the confounding effects of repeated withdrawals on brain volume. The control group had no disorder meeting DSM-IV criteria. All patients and healthy subjects were right-handed. The patients with alcohol dependency underwent MRI within 10 days after admission.


A spatially "Mt. Fuji" coupled low-density parity check (LDPC) ensemble is a modified version of the original spatially coupled (SC) LDPC ensemble. Its desirable properties are first observed in experimentally. The decoding error probability in the error floor region over the binary erasure channel (BEC) is theoretically analyzed later. In this paper, as the last piece of the theoretical analysis over the BEC, we analyze the decoding error probability in the waterfall region by modifying the covariance evolution which has been used to analyze the original SC-LDPC ensemble.


Here, we investigated a suitable peripheral site for ovarian grafting that would facilitate monitoring of graft and oocyte recovery. Canine hemi-ovaries were autografted to three subcutaneous sites (under the fascia of the quadriceps femoris muscle and the thoracolumbar muscle and in the scapular deltoid muscle). All grafted ovaries were recovered from 10 bitches at 4 weeks posttransplantation and bisected for histological assessment and evaluation of oocyte viability. The longest ovarian diameters gradually decreased with the increase in the duration of grafting, irrespective of the grafting site. The mean number of total follicles was lower in the scapular deltoid muscle than in the quadriceps femoris fascia. Most follicles were classified as atretic follicles. Sixteen oocytes were recovered from 30 quartered ovaries; morphological analysis revealed three of these oocytes from the ovaries grafted under the fascia of quadriceps femoris and thoracolumbar muscles to be of good quality. Of these three oocytes, two reached metaphase I after 72 h of maturation culture. These results indicate that the environment in the fascia may be better suited for ovarian grafting than that in the intramuscular site. However, improvement of follicle survival and meiotic competence of oocytes in the grafts is necessary.


Using pre-trained topic information to assist in training neural networks can effectively support the completion of the rating prediction task. However, existing neural-topic methods consider only the use of topic information corresponding to current users and items without neighbors, whereas existing memory-based neighborhood approaches are inappropriate for the direct modeling of neighbors with topics. To address the limitations, we argue that memory networks have the ability to organize neighbors with corresponding topics well and can provide a general solution to this problem. To confirm our hypothesis, we propose two approaches. One is an augmented memory network to couple with and enhance existing neural-topic models. The other is a symmetric memory network activated by a memory reorganization mechanism, which is a compact and generalized method for rating prediction. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the memory reorganization mechanism and show that the two proposed methods have advantages over existing state-of-the-art topic modeling approaches.


Abstract
 The red widow spider, Latrodectus bishopi Kaston, is a species of conservation concern because it is narrowly endemic to threatened palmetto scrub found only on ancient sand ridges in peninsular Florida. We hypothesized that this spider might feed extensively on insects that also are scrub specialists. To ascertain the prey of red widow spiders, we collected arthropods trapped in webs of adult females (n = 30 per season) located in native oak-palmetto scrub at the Archbold Biological Station after dawn and before dusk for 5 consecutive days in early spring (Mar 1989) and in late spring (May 2003). We identifed a total of 42 species among the 98 specimens collected. Using published regression equations, we converted the size of each specimen to dry mass. We found that 5 species of scarab beetles endemic to Florida scrub accounted for 65% of prey by weight even though their numbers were modest (22% of prey items). In early spring red widow spiders fed predominantly on nocturnally captured coleopterans (78% of prey items), but in late spring when palmetto flowers were blooming near webs day-active hymenopterans were added to the diet. Frequency analysis showed that temporal patterns of prey capture by individual spiders were infrequent (≤ 0.4 prey per day) and statistically random.


Background: Small molecular platinum (Pt)-based drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin have achieved great success in clinic over 40 years in cancer therapy. However, lack of tumor specificity leads to severe side effects. In addition, cancer cells frequently develop resistance to treatment through overexpressing cell surface multi-drug resistant proteins (MDRs). Therefore, it is desirable to develop novel Pt-based drugs with excellent anti-cancer efficacy and a minimal toxicity profile, as well as the capability to overcome drug resistance. We have previously demonstrated that poly(amino acid)-conjugated drugs can reduce toxicity and improve pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutics and also overcome drug resistance by bypassing MDRs. Here we would like to apply this strategy on Pt drug development.
 Method: To address this question, we synthesized a L-aspartic acid-chelated Pt moieties (Asp-Pt), and then conjugated it to poly(L-glutamic acid/L-aspartic acid) to generate a polymeric-Pt macromolecule, namely carrier-platin. We next applied this drug on cancer cell lines including the therapeutic-resistant cancer cells in vitro, and tumor bearing murine models in vivo to evaluate its efficacy and toxicity.
 Result: We first tested the cytotoxicity of carrier-platin and compared with a current first-line chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin on colorectal cancer cell CT26 in vitro. Surprisingly, we found that carrier-platin effectively killed the CT26 cancer cells with hours while oxaliplatin slowly induced cell death after days. Importantly, carrier-platin was well-tolerated by non-cancerous cells. Furthermore, carrier-platin killed cancer cells that resistant to current chemotherapeutics in clinic, including cisplatin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin and docetaxel, as effective as their parental cells. Next, we found that carrier-platin showed prolonged circulation time and high tumor accumulation compared with Pt-equivalent dosage of oxaliplatin. Treatment with 8 mg Pt/kg oxaliplatin caused severe body weight loss and intolerable hematotoxicity in mice, but even higher dose of carrier-platin (12 mg Pt/kg) can be tolerated by mice with stable body weight and did not induce any clinical symptoms. Finally, we revealed that carrier-platin potently inhibited mouse colorectal (CT26) and human ovarian (A2780) tumor growth over Pt-equivalent dosage of oxaliplatin. More importantly, carrier-platin was almost as effective on the cisplatin-resistant A2780 tumors (A2780-Cis) as on the parental A2780 tumors in vivo.
 Conclusion: We developed a novel macromolecular drug carrier-platin that overcome shortages of current small molecular Pt drugs. It displayed a satisfactory toxicity profile accompanied with excellent anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Moreover, carrier-platin overcomes the cross-resistance problem of cancer cells to current chemotherapeutic drugs.
 Citation Format: Yongbin Liu, Dongfang Yu, Junhua Mai, Ping-Ying Pan, Shu-Hsia Chen, Haifa Shen. A novel macromolecular platinum drug with potent efficacy to overcome cross-resistance in cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2006.


The publication called A Study concerning childrens rights was created as a part of the NGO Ceskobritska, o. p. s. project: Implementing good practice experience in terms of education in the field of childrens rights protection in Switzerland and transfer of this knowhow into the specific conditions in the Czech Republic. The author prepared a part of this publication Child Labour and The Right to Education. This part describes the development of the child labour interdiction as well as the characterization of the right to education in the international context, especially the equal access to the education. It describes the practise of the Swiss cantons or some others states also.


The Aresawa rockslide in the Japanese Alps experienced a partial collapse (5–10 × 105 m3) in 2004, followed by an accelerated downward movement of the head area rather than stabilization. This paper discusses the kinematics of a retrogressive rockslide area and factors promoting slope instability subsequent to the 2004 collapse, on the basis of geodetic surveys and meteorological observations from 2006 to 2010. The unstable area covers at least 2·3 × 104 m2 and consists of five active blocks. The main blocks are separated from the stable rock slope by pre‐existing 'sackung features' that follow the strike of the bedding plane. Shear zones below these sackung features have developed into slip planes potentially causing the next collapse. In particular, the propagation of a slip plane causing movement at 70 cm yr−1 in the head area is promoted by bidirectional movement. It consists of slow 'dip‐slip' movement in snow‐accumulating periods and rapid 'side‐slip' movement in snow‐melting and snow‐free periods, both of which occur on the same slip plane. This bidirectional movement appears to result from the combination of a loss of lateral support by the 2004 event and the immature state of the slip plane. The primary trigger of the acceleration in the unstable area is the stress release by the 2004 collapse. In addition, the presence of a potential slip plane below the sackung features also promotes slope instability, suggesting that sackung features behind a rockslide area may predefine the new head scarp of a forthcoming collapse. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Test data of soft soil treatment by using sand compaction piles are presented in this paper through static and standard penetration into sand piles and the areas between piles and soil. By analyzing the statistics of the test data, the relationship between the two testing methods are established. A limit datum method for judging the density of sand compaction piles is presented. A quick and practical test method to examine the construction quality of sand compaction piles and to speed up the construction of soft soil treatment is proposed. It is suggested that the static penetration method is more applicable than the standard penetration method in routine construction tests.


[Upogebia acutispina sp. nov. from north-western Australia is closely related to the Indonesian form U. ceratophora De Man and to the well known west-african U. talismani Bouvier. The second species here described, as Upogebia poensis sp. nov., from Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea, shows affinities with another group of eastern atlantic forms, such as U. pusilla Petagna and U. aristata Le Loeuff & Intes., Upogebia acutispina sp. nov. from north-western Australia is closely related to the Indonesian form U. ceratophora De Man and to the well known west-african U. talismani Bouvier. The second species here described, as Upogebia poensis sp. nov., from Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea, shows affinities with another group of eastern atlantic forms, such as U. pusilla Petagna and U. aristata Le Loeuff & Intes.]


A new peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction approach for MIMO-OFDM/A is developed based on the well known Resource block weight algorithm (RBWA). This combines two ideas: 1) time domain signals from "resource blocks" (consisting of several subcarriers) may be linearly combined using precoding weights, transparent to the receiver; 2) the precoding weights can be designed to minimize the modulus variations of the resulting signal, leading generally to a reduction in PAPR. This technique is compatible with various beam forming modes in single antenna and MIMO systems. Simulation results show a noticeable improvement relative to the Selective mapping (SLM) technique with significantly less complexity.


We investigated alignment in magnetic sub-level populations of excited atomic hydrogen formed by single-electron capture from a W surface. The alignment and liner polarization degrees of electric-dipole photons are calculated at various translation velocities of the excited H atoms above the surface. Negative polarization degrees are obtained for 2p-1s and 3d-2p lines from the excited H atoms receding along surface normal at velocities smaller than the Bohr velocity.


This paper is the notes of Sir Robin Cooke's remarks at the swearing-in of Mr Justice McKay as a Judge of the Court of Appeal on 10 June 1991. Sir Robin begins by discussing the historical development of the Court of Appeal in New Zealand, which initially comprised the Governor and members of the Executive Council. Sir Robin then comments on Mr Justice McKay's achievements in the law, before discussing famous judges from other jurisdictions, including Australia and Canada, who have been appointed directly to an appellate court. He concludes by recalling that Mr Justice McKay had been one of his (Sir Robin's) most outstanding students at Victoria University College. Abstract by Elizabeth Chan.


Angiopoietin like‐2 (Angptl2), which circulating levels are increased in patients with coronary artery disease, could contribute to chronic inflammation. We hypothesized that the pro‐inflammatory effect of Angptl2 contributes to atherogenesis by stimulating leukocyte adhesion in atherosclerotic mice (LDLr−/−; hApoB100 +/+, ATX).


One important problem of the qualitative theory of differential and difference equations is to determine the conditions of existence and stability of forced stationary oscillations, which arise in nonlinear systems under external disturbances. Of great practical interest is the situation when these stationary modes are globally asymptotically stable. Such a phenomenon is called convergence. The theorem on the conditions for almost periodic convergence for differential equations systems was proved by V. I. Zubov. These conditions are formulated in terms of the existence of Lyapunovs functions with certain properties. N. N. Ataeva extended Zubovs theorem to the difference systems. However, classes of the difference systems were not specified for which the theorem gives conditions of convergence. At the same time it should be noted that so far, there are no general constructive methods for constructing Lyapunovs functions that satisfy the requirements of the Zubovs theorem. A method for constructing Lyapunovs functions that satisfy the requirements of Zubovs theorem was proposed for some types of systems of differential equations. In this work sufficient conditions for convergence of the difference systems are obtained by the use of the Lyapunovs direct method and the discrete analogue of Zubovs theorem.


It seems difficult and sometimes futile to try to pursue in this year 1942 the essentially peaceful studies in ancient Chinese writing that have appeared for many years in the JRAS.


To date, numerous platinum (II) complexes have been successfully used in the treatment of diff erent types of cancer. erapeutic platinum complexes are diff erent in terms of their structure, chemical reactivity, solubility, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. e aim of our research was the evaluation of cardiotoxicity of dichloro-(ethylendiamine) platinum (II) in a model of isolated rat heart using the Langedorff technique. Oxidative stress was assessed by determination of superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, iobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances and nitric oxide levels from coronary venous effl uent. All reagents were perfused at increasing concentrations from 10-8 to 10-4 M for 30 minutes. In this paper, we report that substances administered at higher doses did not induce dose-dependent eff ects on oxidative stress markers. e results of this research may be of great interest for future studies in this area. ere are many novel platinum compounds that had previously demonstrated antitumour activity, and these types of experiments in our study can assist in the examination of their cardiotoxicity. ese results could be helpful for understanding dose-dependent side eff ects of existing and novel platinum compounds.


Research libraries and schools of library and information science education face a similar challenge, namely how do they fit into the university of the future? To explore this challenge some limits must be made on the range of discussion. First, this paper looks at librarian education programs that operate within research universities and are expected to strive to fulfill the mission of a research institution. Second, for the sake of discussion, the library in the research university is characterized-recognizing that this topic will be explored more fully by other contributors to this volume. Third, librarian educators are often disarmed by trying to address at every turn the full spectrum of concerns regarding preparation of librarians and information professionals. This paper focuses on the preparation of librarians for the research environment recognizing that some of the issues addressed here relate to the preparation of all librarians.


Subject of this contribution is form finding of "optimal" structural shapes with regard to the load carrying behaviour of surface structures under certain load cases. In general, those optimal shapes prefer a membrane state of stress to transfer loading. Bending is omitted as much as possible. It will be focused on two different disciplines and related numerical approaches which deal with solutions of the mentioned task: form finding of pre-stressed membranes and general shape optimization. As design is an inverse problem both approaches share similar problematic properties as e.g. indeterminate in-plane location of surface discretization or necessary regularization and filtering of sensitivity and other data. As it will turn out, those remedies found for the very special methods of membrane design can be abstracted and transferred to general optimization procedures. That merges into elegant, numerical shape optimal design techniques which combine advantages of both approaches and allow for effective and efficient shape optimization of free formed surfaces, directly on the finite element mesh and for a large number of variables. Typical applications are, for example, membrane design, free form architecture and structural engineering, and metal sheet design. 1. Form finding of surface structures with membrane action The geometry of membrane structures is defined by "form finding" as the equilibrium shape of given surface and edge cable stresses σ and additional surface loading q. Figure 1: Form finding of membrane The equilibrium surface can be identified as actual (deformed) configuration, which has to fulfil the equilibrium condition governed by the principle of virtual work: ( ) 0 = ⋅ − = − ∫ ∫ 43 42 1 4 4 3 4 4 2 1 external a ernal int a da da : t w u q x u δ ∂ δ ∂ δ σ (1) 6th International Conference on Computation of Shell and Spatial Structures IASS-IACM 2008, Ithaca The total virtual work δw can be separated into two parts: The internal work resulting from the given internal Cauchy stresses σ and the derivatives of virtual displacements δu with respect to the material points x of the equilibrium surface, and the external virtual work due to the virtual displacements of the external loading q. At this point, no restrictions concerning the load case are made and even deformation dependent loads (e.g. pressure loads) can be consistently considered. The integration domain is the area a of the final surface. Thickness t is assumed to be constant during deformation. Eq. (1) might be transformed by standard pull back operation to the reference configuration: ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 = ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = = − ∫ ∫ − − − dA : det t da : t w


e13562Background: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with increased risk of multiple types of extrahepatic cancer, such as lymphomas, thyroid cancer and renal cancer. However, ...


Rural life has been portrayed as idyllic for a long time in literature, while the reality of villagers' life was concealed. The eighteenth century w


We used the MO's function in graphics reading and layers management to combine with VB effectively,and realized the drawing and exporting of the GPS control network and the query function of spatial data and attribute data.At last,we laid the foundation for the further GPS data processing and the calculate of closed poor.


Abstract : Australia is a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), a group of western countries that manufacture and export missile technology. The MTCR was established in 1987, by the seven major western suppliers of missile technology, to control the availability of rocket technology to customer countries. The MTCR sets Guidelines to control the export of missile technology which could be used in delivery systems for weapons of mass destruction. The Guidelines presently provide for a strong presumption of denial for export of ballistic or cruise missiles capable of delivering a 500 kg payload to a range of 300 km and for a less rigorous restriction of 0 kg/300 km systems. There has been much discussion of methods for extending the scope of these criteria to allow for range/payload trade-offs which may be used to adapt a missile, satisfying existing criteria, so that it violates their intention. The method should not, however, be such as to include missiles which cannot provide the necessary performance. This short note outlines work done in Guided Weapons Division of DSTO to support Australian submissions on this topic. Sin le sta e and multi-sta e ballistic missiles and cruise missiles are discussed.


The Romanian-Ukrainian folklore dialogue started in the 50s of the 19th century and lasted until 1985. Publishing houses in the Republic of Moldova published five editions of stories, two books containing stories by the author and a volume of paremiological creation. From a numerical point of view, the contribution of Ukraine is about the same: five editions of stories, a collection of proverbs and sayings, a compartment of popular creation from four texts included in the book Songs of Moldova, trilingual edition: Romanian, Ukrainian and Russian and another compartment (seven legends and eight stories) placed in the Кодрii collection, which is, widely spoken, intended for prose. The texts of the stories are intended for young school and preschool age, the paremiological creation and the songs are addressed to the mature reader. The editions are distinguished by the quality of the translation, a good polygraphic execution, and the Ukrainian production grows by a solid number of copies: from 5 thousand to 200 thousand.


AbstractSignificant levels of creep deformations in structural steel members exposed to high temperatures has been widely observed in experiments; however, inclusion of creep effects in numerical simulations has been limited due to lack of reliable experimental data and corresponding constitutive creep models for structural steel. This paper presents an experimental investigation into temperature-induced creep in low-alloy Q345 steel, which is commonly used in structural members. A set of creep tests is carried out at various stress levels in 300–900°C temperature range. Data from these creep tests indicate that temperature has significant influence on the level of creep deformations in Q345 steel, especially when the temperature in steel exceeds 400°C. The creep strain at a given temperature increases with stress level and the creep strain at a given stress level increases with temperature.


Given the importance of national identity in a country's actions and discussion on the national unity as a prerequisite for other social measures, recognition of national identity elements in historical periods and their carriers is very important.Therefore, this article historically reviews the development of the national identity and finds out what factors are involved in the formation of Iranian identity. It alsoanalyzes historical periodsto explain the background of Iran's national identity formation. Furthermore, it was based on library studies and traditional and electronic library resources, books and articles published in journals were used. In this study, descriptive and analytical method was used to analyze the data according to the type of research. The purpose of this research is that the social - cultural phenomena are product of specific historical conditions of countries, the researcher believes that with regard to the specific circumstances of Iran, the nation and consequently the national identity have been in the past history of this country. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1s1p111


This chapter outlines the design objectives and the requirements of the spacecraft components for the different modes of operation, and the tasks to be considered in the design process: the selection of the thermal hardware and the prediction of the temperatures in the spacecraft selected points. The main design philosophy and the flow of the design process are highlighted, the definition of the worst load cases (hot cases, cold cases) and the temperature design margins are presented, and their roles in the design are explained.


Neutrino nucleosynthesis is an important synthesis process for light elements in supernovae. One important physics input of neutrino nucleosynthesis is cross sections of neutrino‐nucleus reactions. The cross sections of neutrino‐12C and 4He reactions are derived using new shell model Hamiltonians. With the new cross sections, light element synthesis of a supernova is investigated. The appropriate range of the neutrino temperature for supernovae is constrained to be between 4.3 MeV and 6.5 MeV from the 11B abundance in Galactic chemical evolution. Effects by neutrino oscillations are also discussed.


Public examinations were one of the great initiatives of the nineteenth-century Englishmen. The idea of a competitive examination, which was first implemented in the Indian civil service during East India Company rule, was shaped in post-industrial Britain by liberal-utilitarian thinkers like Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, J. S. Mill, and others. The idea of competition, initially implemented in the field of economics, soon came to be applied to administration and governance. Studies on the Indian Civil Service have mainly focussed on its administrative and bureaucratic development. However, the historiography is silent about the role of English liberal-utilitarians, political-economists, and parliamentarians in applying the idea of competition to public services. In this context, this article tries to understand the concept of competition, as well as the ideological background and parliamentary debates behind the introduction of competitive examinations, and their impact on the socio-educational structure of colonial India during the three stages of foundation (1757–813), discourse (1814–53) and institutionalisation (1854 onwards).


Increasing reports of blooms of the blue–green alga Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (C. raciborskii), which contains the hepatotoxic alkaloid cylindrospermopsin (CYN), have led to public health concerns in Australia. The toxicology of CYN appears complex and is still being elucidated. We have utilized the combination of sensitivity and specificity afforded by coupling high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) to produce an assay which is suitable for monitoring low CYN concentrations in water samples. Intact algal cells in the water sample are lysed by a freeze–thaw cycle. After filtration (0.45 μm filter), 110 μL is injected. The HPLC uses an Altima C18 (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column at 40°C. Chromatography utilizes a linear gradient from 1 to 60% methanol over 5 min, with a final isocratic stage holding at 60% methanol for 1 min. The mobile phase is buffered to 5 mM with ammonium acetate. The transition from the M+H ion (416 m/z) to the 194 m/z fragment is monitored. Linearity of this assay is 1–600 μg/L [peak area=304×CYN (μg/L)−569; r2=1.000 (n=7)]. Using a single point standard curve, total coefficients of variation were 26.4, 10.5, 12.6, and 10.7% at 0.78, 5.2, 104, and 1040 μg/L. This assay is utilized in conjunction with algal cell counts and mouse bioassays to monitor water bodies for public health purposes. The rationale used in employing these methods is discussed. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 14: 151–154, 1999


Every environmentalist and environmental manager dreams of a day when it will be possible to load hazardous waste into one end of a magic machine and retrieve beneficial -- or at least benign -- products from the other end. Two unrelated companies -- Molten Metal Technology Inc., (Waltham, Mass.) and ELI Eco Logic Inc. (Rockwood, Ontario, Canada) -- have developed different technologies that show promise of realizing such dreams. Whether either company`s solution to the problem of effectively managing hazardous wastes proves to be the dream machine remains to be seen, but their stories offer insight into what the future may hold for hazardous waste management. The Eco Logic Process was demonstrated in 1991 at Hamilton Harbour, Ontario, and later at Bay City, Mich., in cleanups of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other soil contaminants. The technology was accepted into the US Environmental Protection Agency`s Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program in 1992.


RFC 6761 requires that proponents document how a specific name is to
be treated within the DNS protocol, public database, and
administrative infrastructure, but doesn't provide any guidance to
help the community figure out whether a particular registration is
otherwise beneficial. This limited guidance in RFC 6761 provides
flexibility in standardizing the use of domain names in the modern
Internet outside of conventional DNS protocol or the public DNS
database. This flexibility has been useful from time to time but has
also caused significant confusion (see RFC 8244). This document
attempts to define guidelines for the IESG and the IETF community on
the interpretation of RFC 6761 and the use of the special use names
registry.


Heart failure is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. It is also the commonest cause of medical ward admission. The incidence of heart failure has been increasing world - wide in the past decade. Studies observed that about 25-50 % of patients with


The psychology of social life is vastly complex, supported by innumerable processes that allow us to, among other things, recognize the people around us, recall memories about them, experience feelings toward them, and interact with them. If all of these processes required conscious control, no individual would be able to participate in the social world. Fortunately, many are automatic, initiated by the presence of social stimuli and completed with little conscious intervention Smith & DeCoster, 2000). One particularly important social stimulus is an action performed by another person. Two neuro-cognitive systems are associated with action understanding in humans: the mirror neuron system and the mentalizing system. The study reported here examined the relative automaticity of these systems' operation during action observation. The human mirror neuron system comprises areas of the brain that activate during both the execution and the observation of motor actions. It is typically localized to ventral premotor cortex (vPMC), dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC), and anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS; Rizzolatti & Craighero, 2004; Van Overwalle & Baetens, 2009). These regions are thought to enable the automatic comprehension of action on the basis of Although there is considerable empirical evidence that the mirror neuron system contributes to action comprehension, there is little evidence that this contribution is automatic. In fact, studies in which observers' goals and attention have been manipulated have actually suggested that controlled processing occurs in areas of the mirror neuron system during action obser-The mentalizing system is a set of brain regions that reliably activates when individuals are instructed to infer another person's mental state; it includes areas within medial frontal and parietal cortices, temporo-parietal junction, and anterior Abstract Much social-cognitive processing is believed to occur automatically; however, the relative automaticity of the brain systems underlying social cognition remains largely undetermined. We used functional MRI to test for automaticity in the functioning of two brain systems that research has indicated are important for understanding other people's behavior: the mirror neuron system and the mentalizing system. Participants remembered either easy phone numbers (low cognitive load) or difficult phone numbers (high cognitive load) while observing actions after adopting one of four comprehension goals. For all four goals, mirror neuron system activation showed relatively little evidence of modulation by load; in contrast, the association of mentalizing system activation with the goal of inferring the actor's mental state was extinguished by increased cognitive load. These results support a dual-process model …


The paper reviews some of the design options that can be considered for a modern phosphate fertilizer granulation plant.Many of these features are incorporated in the recentlyconstructed two plants, Oswal in India and WMC in Australia.


Abstract The first data on the oribatid mites of Myanmar are presented and these belong to the family Otocepheidae. A new species of the genus Eurostocepheus (Oribatida, Otocepheidae) is described from litter of disturbed primary forest of Nat Ma Taung National Park in the Chin State. Eurostocepheus (Eurostocepheus) peterjaegeri sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to E. (E.) mahunkai Mondal & Kundu, 1999, but differs by the shorter notogastral setae c and la compared to the other notogastral setae, setae la pressed to notogastral surface, well-developed lateral prodorsal carinae, smooth genital plates and by the presence of diagonal ridges on the anal plates. A supplementary description of Otocepheus (Otocepheus) heterosetiger Aoki, 1965 which was originally described from Thailand, is given in detail on the basis of specimens from Myanmar. The main morphological traits for this species are summarized.


It is generally accepted in the academic literature that economic growth, global free trade and the development of financial services are the main factors that affect poverty and income inequality in emerging market nations. However, there is currently no conclusive evidence to show how social impact investing through the use of microfinance institutions (MFIs) affects poverty and income inequality. This paper examines the impact of MFI outreach after controlling for economic growth, economic development, and the development of financial services. We find that even after controlling for these factors, MFIs can provide an additional reduction in both poverty and income inequality.


In 36 patients with angina pectoris during complex invasive diagnostic procedure the changes of global and regional systolic heart function by intravenous application of 200 mg pentoxifylline were examined. We observed a significant decrease of preload (reduction of LVEDP and MCS, LVEDV was not influenced) and an improvement of myocardial pump function, possibly combined with a favourable influence on alterated myocardial blood supply. In case of perfusion disturbances of the LV anterior wall the pentoxifylline injection was followed by signs of coronary-steal-mechanism in the LV posterior wall region. We did not found significant changes of afterload. Thus the acute hemodynamic effects of an intravenous application of pentoxifylline are comparable with those of nitrates and non-glycoside-cardiotonic substances with a predominant myocardial effect.


Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy(HRCT) for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),so as to provide references for further clinical practice and research.Methods The databases such as The Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMbase,CBM,CNKI,VIP and WanFang Data were searched on computer from the date of their establishment to May 1st of 2011,and other sources as supplied were also retrieved to collect all the relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) on comparing HRCT with non-HRCT.The quality of the included trials was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.1 for Systematic Review and the features of this study as well.Meta-analyses were conducted by using RevMan 5.1 software.Results A total of eight RCTs involving 546 patients were included.The results of meta-analyses showed that: a) Total effective rate: The total effective rate of HRCT was higher than other non-HRCT therapies,and there were significant differences in HRCT compared with radio-chemotherapy,hyperthermia plus chemotherapy,and pure chemotherapy,the OR and 95%CI were 2.05(1.18,3.56),3.41(1.12,10.38),and 6.11(1.20,31.16),respectively;and b) Safety evaluation: The incidence rates of radiation pneumonitis,radiation esophagitis and granulocytopenia were all lower in the HRCT group than that in the radio-chemotherapy group,but the significant differences were only found in the incidence rate of granulocytopenia(OR=0.34(0.19,0.59).Conclusion Compared with other therapies,HRCT tends to improve the clinical efficacy and safety for NSCLC,but this result needs to be proved by more clinical trials.HRCT is superior to the routine radio-chemotherapy in both efficacy and safety,but the relevant evidence for proving its long-term efficacy and safety is still required.


This paper focuses on the difficulties encountered by Italian students in performing geometry tasks. A quantitative analysis, aimed at understanding the extent of the phenomenon, is carried out using the results of district competitions from the year 2018 to 2020, comparing the scores obtained in geometry questions with those in other areas of Olympic mathematics. In addition, the answers given by the students to a questionnaire administered at the end of the 2020 district competition are analyzed in order to better understand possible motivations behind the phenomenon in question. The results obtained need further confirmation through future research on the topic but represent clear trends worthy of further investigation.


The one-to-one mapping between cross-country differences in capital returns and the direction of international capital flows is broken in a multisector world where international factor price differences are driven by technology differences. A technology-backward or low-return-to-capital country will face capital inflows or outflows after financial integration depending on whether non-tradable demand is bossted or not


It is interesting to study and compare the thermochemical parameters in the vinyl + O2, phenyl + O2 and dibenzofuranyl + O2 chemical activation reaction systems as well as the corresponding peroxy radical and hydroperoxide adduct dissociations. The analogy in C–O and C–H bond energies, well depths, bond type environment and reaction paths in these three reaction systems suggest a corresponding similarity in the initial reaction kinetics of these unsaturated R• + O2 reactions. In this study we identify the similarities in thermochemistry, bond energies and reaction kinetics of paths. The similar structures and parameters suggest that calculations on the vinyl system can often serve as surrogate or model for reaction paths and kinetic barriers in the larger phenyl system and the large dibenzofuranyl system for which high-level calculations are difficult. Here the vinyl + O2 and the phenyl + O2 systems can be used as model for the dibenzofuranyl + O2 system.


We report new STAR measurements of mid-rapidity yields for the $\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda}$, $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Xi^{-}$, $\bar{\Xi}^{+}$, $\Omega^{-}$, $\bar{\Omega}^{+}$ particles in Cu+Cu collisions at \sNN{200}, and mid-rapidity yields for the $\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda}$, $K^{0}_{S}$ particles in Au+Au at \sNN{200}. We show that at a given number of participating nucleons, the production of strange hadrons is higher in Cu+Cu collisions than in Au+Au collisions at the same center-of-mass energy. We find that aspects of the enhancement factors for all particles can be described by a parameterization based on the fraction of participants that undergo multiple collisions.


The results are presented of a theoretical experimental study of transient heat conduction in cylindrical specimens of copper, Bakelite, stainless steel, and graphite, subjected to an incident thermal flux of approximately 500 cal/cm/sup 2/sec. Theoretical investigations included the solution of the transient heat flow equation for cylindrical rods of finite length and with temperature dependent thermophysical properties. Comparisons of tals theory, and similar theoretical approaches by other investigators, with experimental results show a large and consistent difference for all materials investigated. Although the experimental results are preliminary in nature and require further confirmation, the results obtained thus far indicate a serious inadequacy of present heat transfer theory for thermal fluxes of this order of magnitude, and the consistency of these results suggests that a considerably modified theory must be developed to achieve qualitative and quantitative agreement with experiment. (auth)


Six new patients with the Cohen syndrome are reported from Finland and 25 published cases from elsewhere are reviewed. New findings are consanguinity among two pairs of parents, granulocytopenia, and marked ophthalmological changes: decreased visual acuity, hemeralopia, constricted visual fields, chorioretinal dystrophy with bull's‐eye‐like maculae and pigmentary deposits, optic atrophy, and isoelectric electroretinogram. Previously known features of the Cohen syndrome (non‐progressive mental retardation, short stature, microcephaly, peculiar facies, slender hands and feet, floppiness, delayed puberty) are confirmed or revised.


Abstract Historically, the policy of deinstitutionalization has resulted in the closing of many federal and state mental health facilities. This has caused many criminal justice professionals and social workers to question where the mentally ill are placed when they are no longer in a treatment facility. With the abundance of offenders with mental health disorders in our criminal justice system, this issue can no longer be ignored. Therefore, the purpose of this article is twofold: (1) to provide insight and awareness into the magnitude of this problem, through a review of the empirical literature related to the mentally ill offender, as well as (2) to propose the union of an interdisciplinary perspective for this population that encourages the joining of social workers and criminal justice professionals. Issues and needs relative to this group will be identified and ways of improving the handling of mentally ill individuals within the criminal justice system will be suggested.


It provides a process for the preparation of hydrophobic silica particles in one step process. Produced by the method also provides hydrophobic silica microparticles and nanoparticles containing a dye and / or magnetizable ingredients. The present invention also includes the use of the silica particles in the potential detection of a fingerprint, visualization and / or analysis.


This research paper is an attempt to explain the terms: 'State', 'Sovereign', 'State Action' and the concept of 'State Absolutism' through the authoritative writings of legal philosophers in the likes of Bryce, Machiavelli (Prince), Jean Bodin, Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan), John Locke (Two Treaties of Government), John Austin (Province of Jurisprudence Determined) and A.V. Dicey (The Law of the Constitution). Chapter I of this research paper deals with the definitional analysis of the term 'State', as obtaining in Article 12 of the Constitution of India, 1950. Chapter II deals with the 'tests' qua determination of 'State' (Board of Control for Cricket in India v. Cricket Association of Bihar, (2015) 3 SCC 251), 'Local Authorities' and 'Statutory Bodies', with specific emphasis albeit, whether or not, 'authorities situated outside India' constitute 'State' within the periphery of Article 12. Chapter III, principally focuses on, whether or not 'judiciary' constitutes 'State'; hardbound stress has been laid on the recent case of: Riju Prasad v. State of Assam (2015 SCC Online SC 613). Chapter IV focuses on the moot question albeit 'Can the State claim fundamental rights?' author has laid emphasis on the case of, State of West Bengal v. Union of India (AIR 1963 SC 1241), to give the answer in a "yes". Chapter V deals with the conclusion; author is of the opinion that purposive and beneficial construction of the term 'State' is in greater interest of the citizenry, furthering the protection conferred to them by the Suprema Lex by virtue of Part III of the Constitution of India, 1950.


Abstract A dry mechanical process was evaluated for obtaining a hull-rich fraction from flaxseed. Flaxseed hulls (seed coats) are an excellent source of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a lignan with potential functional food applications, but flaxseed hulls adhere tightly to the embryo, making separation difficult. A Comitrol processor was used to mill the seed, followed by sieving and aspiration to obtain a hull-rich fraction from Neche and Omega flaxseed cultivars. As a result, the content of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (nonfat, dry basis) increased from 12.9 and 14.3 g/kg in whole Neche and Omega seed, respectively, to 27.6 and 23.8 g/kg (weighted averages) in the hull-rich fractions. The significant (P