Micro-tensile testing system, including a micro tensile loading system and microESPI(Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry) system, has been developed. Micro-tensile loading system had a load cell with the maximum capacity of 50 N and micro actuator with resolution of 4.5nm in stroke. The system was used to apply a tensile load to the micro-sized specimen. During tensile loading, the micro-ESPI system acquired interferometric speckle patterns in the deformed specimen and measured the in-plane tensile strain. The ESPI system consisted of a CCD-camera with a lens and the window-based program developed for this experiment. Using this system, stress-strain curves for 4 kinds of electrolytic copper foil 18 μm thick were obtained. From these curves, tensile properties, including the elastic modulus, yielding strength and tensile strength, were determined and also values of the plastic exponent and coefficient based on Ramberg-Osgood relationship were evaluated. Introduction Recently, MEMS technology has been rapidly developed and nano technology is expected to be a core technology in future. Therefore, development and application of electro-mechanical structures have been actively tried. Reliability of these structures may be important in design, manufacturing process and usage. Information on the material properties for micro/nano-structures can play a significant role in ensuring the reliability of the system. Direct and indirect methods to evaluate mechanical properties for micro materials have been studied and some testing techniques, including micro-tensile test, beam bending test, nano-indentation test and bulge test, were suggested.[1] From each test, tensile properties, such as elastic modulus and yielding strength and tensile strength, can be determined. Of these test techniques, micro-tensile test technique is only a direct method to determine the properties. So, even though there are some difficulties in preparing specimens and suitable testing system, the direct tensile test was tried to obtain more reliable properties. Some special direct tensile testing techniques were suggested. Micro-tensile testing machine with strain measurement system based on the laser interferometry has been known a typical testing system. In this study, a micro-tensile testing system with a micro-ESPI system was developed to measure the tensile strain and stress during tensile testing and applied to determination of the tensile properties for 4 kinds of electrolytic copper foil, which is a kind of micro material.[2] From these tests, tensile properties like Young's modulus, yielding strength and tensile strength were evaluated. Furthermore, elastic-plastic characteristic, based on Ramberg-Osgood relationship, of these materials was examined. Key Engineering Materials Online: 2004-08-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 270-273, pp 744-749 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.270-273.744 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,17:37:56) Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Micro-tensile Testing System Micro-tensile loading system. Figure 1 shows a loading system developed in this study. This system consists of two supporting blocks for the load cell and the driving actuator, a load-driving actuator and a load cell. The block was designed with a sufficient stiffness to support the load cell and actuator in the horizontal direction. With the size of the specimen, these blocks are intended to be movable and fixed at a suitable position along a T-slot on the base plate. The tensile force is driven by a linear motor actuator(PI). The actuator has a capacity of 70 N in driving force and 4.5 nm in stroke resolution. The maximum displacement is 10mm. The load cell has a maximum capacity of 50N. A program for controlling this loading system was developed. This system is operated with PID values selected for the optimal control of the system. Furthermore, in this program, testing data, including load, displacement and image of the speckle fringe pattern, during testing is acquired and synchronized. All data acquired can be displayed graphically. Micro-ESPI System. Conventional strain measuring techniques using strain gage and extensometer may not be suitable in testing micro-material. Therefore, some suitable techniques were being requested for measuring the micro-strain. Recently, some non-contacting methods, such as ISDG(Interferometric Strain Displacement Gage)[3] and laser interferometry[4,5], etc., were suggested. In this study, Micro-ESPI(Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry) technique was used to measure the tensile strain during micro-tensile testing. A schematic drawing of the micro-ESPI system is presented in Fig. 2 A beam generated from a He-Ne laser source with capacity of 22 mW was split into two identical beams in intensity. These laser beams, which are symmetric with respect to the observation direction, were exposed on the surface of the tensile specimen. Image of the speckle pattern produced by simultaneous illumination of the surface was focused on the screen of the CCD camera. The speckle pattern images were sequentially captured in real time through a frame grabber and digitally stored. Fig. 1. Photograph of micro-tensile loading system. Fig. 2. Schematic drawing for micro-tensile testing system. In-Plane Tensile Strain Measurement – Subsequent Measurement Algorithm. The tensile specimen is illuminated symmetrically by two laser beams in the direction of θ with respect to the axis of the specimen. Interference speckle patterns may be produced by superposition of the scattered lights. As the specimen is deformed, the interference speckle patterns are moved and fringe patterns are also varied. Thus, if a speckle pattern is obtained at an arbitrary stress state and regarded as a reference state, then the fringe pattern at the more deformed state can be obtained by subtraction of the speckle patterns before and after deformation. The different fringe patterns can be seen as the Key Engineering Materials Vols. 270-273 745


We report an unique case of a patient who showed coexistence of three nevus lipomatosus cutaneus superficialis (NLCS) with typical, cutaneous adenolipoma (AL)‐like, and dermal spindle cell lipoma (SCL)‐like histopathological features. A 53‐year‐old woman presented with a 20‐year history of skin‐colored and slightly elevated nodules. These lesions were separately located on the lateral side (lesion 1) and medial side (lesion 2) of her left buttock and on her right thigh (lesion 3). Microscopically, all were ill‐defined dermal lesions with some subcutaneous involvement and were mostly composed of mature adipocytes. The adipocytes formed small aggregates around blood vessels in the upper dermis. Lesions 1, 2, and 3 were diagnosed as NLCS, and additional features were recognized in lesions 2 and 3. Lesion 2 revealed eccrine glands and ducts amongst the lipomatous component, as seen in cutaneous AL. Lesion 3 had scattered CD34‐positive spindle cells, which is representative of dermal SCL. These appearances were considered to be on the morphological spectrum of NLCS. In all three lesions, CD34‐positive cells proliferated between the upper dermal blood vessels and their peripheral mature adipocytes. This pathological finding could be principal in NLCS and might be associated with its pathogenesis.


Fake news has been around for longer than the coronavirus
but it is taking a particularly dangerous form right now. In an era of
anti-intellectualism, where evidence-based knowledge and scientists are set aside
in favour of click-bait and celebrities, those in higher education need to step
up and make a difference.


PERHAPS the most promising potential for improving the public health resides in what people can be motivated to do for themselves. To assist patients to become more mature requires some tempering of medical omnipotence. The process resembles somewhat the rearing of children, where their eventual maturity depends mainly on the quality of parenting. The traditional role of the physician as teacher requires nurture if it is to be expected that patients will thrive and grow. This was the course embarked on by Thomas Jefferson when he established the study of medicine at the University of Virginia, where one of the goals was that every Virginian learn the care of his own health. For Jefferson, man certainly was not defined by his illness. A free man with growth potential in all areas was considered by him bound to live as constructively as he could under any and all circumstances, including illness


We discuss the quark-antiquark loop diagrams of an extended version of the Nambu{endash}Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model that includes a description of confinement. We show how the constraints of gauge invariance affect the calculations of such diagrams, if the {ital q{bar q}} system has the quantum numbers of the rho or omega mesons. In the NJL model without confinement, gauge invariance may be maintained by using a regularization scheme that respects that symmetry. Alternatively, gauge-invariance constraints may be imposed by introducing a substraction procedure when evaluating the {ital q{bar q}} loop integrals (vacuum polarization diagrams). We discuss the merits of such subtraction procedures in the presence of a confining interaction. We also provide a calculation of the vacuum polarization diagrams of the NJL model that includes the effects of confinement and also satisfies the constraints imposed by gauge invariance. Our analysis provides some justification for the subtraction procedure used in several studies of the NJL model. We also show, in a rather clear fashion, how confinement serves to change the analytic properties of the polarization tensors, so that the tensor for the theory with confinement has only a physical cut structure in the region of interest. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physicalmore » Society.}« less


Replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was inhibited by 0.2μg/ml of tunicamycin (TM), which blocks the synthesis of glycoproteins. In the presence of TM, HCMV infected cells failed to permit viral DNA replication, expression of viral late antigens and formation of viral particles. Nevertheless, early cell rounding and the development of early immuno-fluorescent antigens were expressed in the presence of TM. Removal of TM resulted in restoration of virus titer and DNA synthesis within 72h. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that TM-treated cells synthesized most early proteins at levels comparable to levels of synthesis in untreated cells.The results suggest that TM blocks mainly late stage of the replicative cycle, and it may related with failing to synthesis a glycoprotein (s) appeared in the early phase of infection.


Greenhouse is an artificial growth environment for building crops. Through intelligent control and optimization of the growth environment of crops in greenhouse, crops can always be in the best environmental conditions at different growth stages. Greenhouse based on Internet of Things technology can change the limitation of traditional agriculture by many factors such as region, natural environment, climate and so on, which is of great significance to agricultural production. China has the world's third largest land area and the world's largest population, but China's arable land area is insufficient and has a decreasing trend year by year. Food supply is facing prominent problems. The traditional greenhouse monitoring system uses wired form, which not only increases the complexity of greenhouse lines, but also is detrimental to crop growth. The intelligent control technology of crop greenhouse environment provides a new power for agricultural intelligence. The greenhouse based on Internet of things technology breaks through the limitation of traditional agriculture by many factors such as region, natural environment, climate and so on.


Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , 1,25D 3 ) and vitamin D side-chain modified analogs (VDAs) have gained considerable attention as potential drugs in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), yet studies of the impact of 1,25D 3 and VDAs upon other haematological malignancies are more limited. To address this gap in knowledge, we have examined the action of 1,25D 3 and VDAs on a human cell line (DOHH2, K422) typifying diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and also peripheral blood B-cells isolated from healthy donors. 1,25D 3 and certain VDAs displayed moderate cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic actions upon DLBCL cells. 1,25D 3 and VDAs (100 nM) caused the death of approximately 40% DOHH2 cells after 24 hours stimulation, similar to their impact on HL-60 cells (acute myeloid leukaemia cell line). In addition, 1,25D 3 and VDAs displayed concentration and time-dependent anti-proliferative actions upon stimulated B-cells from healthy donors. The VDAs inhibited proliferation by approximately 30%. Hence VDAs may offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of DLBCL or conditions benefitted by B-cell depletion.


In the life-science laboratory management setting, there is a constant need to address the question, "what can make us better?" Although there are many variables that can be examined, a review of internal-communication practices can identify areas of opportunity. People in a shared-resource management position have a number of levels of communication responsibilities: communication with the organization's highest-level administration, with individual core facilities, with the users of the shared resource, with peers in academia and industry, and with direct reports. The description and application of internal-communication strategies in the life-science research setting, tailored from the internal strategies originally described by Downs & Adrian in Assessing Organizational Communication (2004), are presented along with ideas for approaches fostering innovation.


In this paper we describe the main features of the French social housing system as viewed from abroad, and place it within the context of systems in other major developed countries, particularly in Europe. At 17% of the total stock the social sector in France is of similar scale to many other European countries but aims to play a more =universalist' role. Moreover the sector still benefits from a special circuit of finance as well as direct subsidies to a greater degree than many comparator countries. Even so, increasing proportions of social tenants come from lower income groups and the government has legislated for rights to assistance. In this context we examine the comparative evidence on the stock of social housing and new construction in the sector; financing and subsidy regimes; systems for allocating tenants to social-housing dwellings; and the resulting demographics. We identify some French policies and practices that reflect the country's relative interest in maintaining a traditional social sector and areas such as public/private partnership where France has acted as leader in policy development. We also identify aspects of social housing where France is anomalous in a European context, as well as some where policy appears to have limited economic rationale. Finally, we make some observations about possible future policy directions. This Working Paper relates to the 2011 OECD Economic Survey of France (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/france). Le logement social francais dans une perspective internationale Dans ce document de travail, nous decrivons les principales caracteristiques du systeme de logement social francais, vu de l'etranger, et le placons dans le contexte des systemes d'autres grands pays developpes, en particulier en Europe. Avec 17% du stock total de logements, le secteur social en France est d'une envergure similaire a celui de nombreux autres pays europeens, mais vise a jouer un role plus «universaliste». En outre ce secteur beneficie toujours d'un circuit special de financement ainsi que des subventions directes a un degre plus eleve que dans de nombreux pays comparables. Cependant, des proportions croissantes de locataires de logements sociaux viennent de groupes a faible revenu et le gouvernement a legifere en faveur de droits a l'assistance. Dans ce contexte, nous examinons les donnees comparatives du stock de logements sociaux et des nouvelles constructions dans le secteur, les regimes de financement et de subvention, les systemes d'attribution des logements sociaux, et la demographique en resultant. Nous identifions certains politiques et pratiques francaises qui refletent l'interet relatif du pays dans le maintien d'un secteur social traditionnel et des domaines tels que le partenariat public / prive ou la France a agi comme novatrice dans l'elaboration des politiques. Nous avons egalement identifie les aspects du logement social ou la France se singularise dans un contexte europeen, ainsi que d'autres ou les politiques semblent avoir peu de logique economique. Enfin, nous faisons quelques observations concernant de possibles orientations futures. Ce Document de travail se rapporte a l'Etude economique de l'OCDE de la France 2011 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/france).


NLO corrections to jet cross sections in DIS at HERA are studied, with particular emphasis on the two jet final state. High jet transverse momenta are a good criterion for the applicability of fixed order perturbation theory. A ``natural'' scale choice is the average $k_T^B$ of the jets in the Breit frame, which suggest analyzing the data in different $ $ intervalls.


Aim Calculate time to first-line treatment failure, annual cost and cost-effectiveness of NNRTI versus PIboosted first-line HAART regimens in the UK, 1996–2006. Background Population costs for HIV services are increasing in the UK and interventions need to be effective and efficient to reduce or stabilize costs. 2NRTIs + NNRTI regimens are cost-effective regimens for first-line HAART, but these regimens have not been compared with first-line PIboosted regimens. Methods Times to first-line treatment failure and annual costs were calculated for first-line HAART regimens by CD4 count when starting HAART (2006 UK prices). Cost-effectiveness of 2NRTIs+NNRTI versus 2NRTIs+PIboosted regimens was calculated for four CD4 strata. Results 55% of 5,541 people living with HIV (PLHIV) started HAART with CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm3, many of whom were Black Africans. Annual treatment cost decreased as CD4 count increased; most marked differences were observed between starting HAART with CD4 ≤200 cells/mm3 compared with CD4 count >200 cells/mm3. 2NRTI+PIboosted and 2NRTI+NNRTI regimens were the most effective regimens across the four CD4 strata; 2NRTI+NNRTI was cost-saving or cost-effective compared with 2NRTI + PIboosted regimens. Conclusion To ensure more effective and efficient provision of HIV services, 2NRTI+NNRTI should be started as first-line HAART regimen at CD4 counts ≤350 cell/mm3, unless specific contra-indications exist. This will increase the number of PLHIV receiving HAART and will initially increase population costs of providing HIV services. However, starting PLHIV earlier on cost-effective regimens will maintain them in better health and use fewer health or social services, thereby generating fewer treatment and care costs, enabling them to remain socially and economically active members of society. This does raise a number of ethical issues, which will have to be acknowledged and addressed, especially in countries with limited resources.


The Russian army commits sexual violence against Ukrainian people, especially women. Police have launched a series of criminal proceedings because of rape of women and girls in Donetsk, Kyiv, Kharkiv and Kherson regions. Rape is a kind of crime that is extremely traumatic for victims. Sexual violence during the war means not only rape in physiological dimension, but also humiliation supported and approved by Russian authorities. Currently no data exist to assess the scale of sexual crimes committed by the Russian military, said the Prosecutor General of Ukraine Irina Venediktova. The quantity of these crimes changes constantly, day by day, but the whole situation cannot be estimated to the fullest. Those who have suffered sexual violence are afraid and ashamed to talk about it. The press service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the International Human Rights Organization La Strada-Ukraine also reported about the lack of the exact numbers. UN Women has reported that the war increases the exposure of women and girls to war crimes, especially all forms of gender-based violence, arbitrary killings, rape and trafficking.
It is difficult to change the situation on the forefront, however, it is essential to bring up the question of sufferings of the most vulnerable groups of Ukrainian people.
At the same time, it is crucial not only to inform people about war crimes at this stage of the war, but also to understand, how exactly international mechanisms work to protect victims of sexual violence. Ukrainian authorities may fail to investigate allegation of rape properly and consequently the State duty to provide an effective legal protection against sexual abuse will be in breach. Subsequently, the European Court of Human Rights will be involved in such cases, thus, it is crucial to understand the relevance of its practice in this situation. This issue is also becoming more relevant given that sexual violence during martial law and occupation has not been considered by the European Court of Human Rights in the context of Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights.


Previous studies of the Yenisei delta dynamics in the second half of the twentieth century showed a slight increase in its area, prevailing over erosion. In this work, images from Landsat-7 satellites of 1999 and Sentinel-2B in 2017 were used to study the changes in the first decades of the 21st century. A pre-map was obtained for them showing the land formation areas at the water site (sediment accumulation) and appearing water instead of land (erosion of the coast). Small areas of these changes can't be displayed on observing maps, but the characteristics of the accumulation and erosion intensity is possible, corresponding to the average annual velocity of the coastline moving. Such maps, compiled in the scale of 1


The invention relates to an arrangement for determining the articulation angle between a towing vehicle and a trailer or semitrailer. The assembly includes two ultra-sonic transceivers which emit in two different signal paths ultrasonic pulses and received. The ultrasonic transceivers are here attached to the towing vehicle and send the ultrasonic pulses in the direction of trailer or semitrailer. On the trailer or semitrailer passive reflectors are attached whose surface at least applies a portion of the signal energy of the incident ultrasonic pulses by 180 ° and reflected back to the transceivers in opposition to the direction of incidence. The ultrasonic transceivers are connected via an interface with an on-board computer, the length of signal paths and is determined from the signal paths and the geometrical dimensions of the arrangement of the articulation angle between the tractor and trailer or semi-trailer in which the delay of the respective ultrasonic pulses from the two measurement directions.


Abstract Partial nucleotide sequences from the 5′ terminus of the nuclear large-subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA gene (domains C1, C2, D1, and D2) have been determined for ten fucalean species representing eight genera to assess their interfamilial and intergeneric relationships: Ascophyllum nodosum (Linnaeus) Le Jolis, Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus, Pelvetia canaliculata (Linnaeus) Decaisne et Thuret, Himanthalia elongata (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray, Bifurcaria bifitrcata Ross, Cystoseira humilis Kutzing, C. nodicaulis (Withering) M. Roberts, C. tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss, Halidrys siliquosa (Linnaeus) Lyngbye, and Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt. Sequences of five other species were used as an outgroup: three from Laminariales [Chorda filum (Linnaeus) Stackhouse, Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) C. Agardh, and Saccorhiza polyschides (Lightfoot) Batters], one from Sphacelariales [Cladostephus spongiosus (Hudson) C. Agardh,] and one from Cutleriales [Cutleria multifida (Smith) Greville as both its gametophytic ...


The article provides a legal analysis of the international legal framework for cooperation in the fight against corruption. The authors of the study pay attention to the assessment of the UN and OECD regulations in the field of anti-corruption. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the so-called Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 17, 1979.


The solution of Kranzer and Keller for explosively generated water waves has been evaluated for regions near the explosion and examples of results are presented. The integration method developed is valid throughout the entire fluid domain, as opposed to the method of stationary phase, which, as specified, is an asymptotic solution valid only at large distances, r, from the source of disturbance (of radius R). The integration process consists of a fourth-degree polynomial fit to each half-oscillation of the integrand, and the error can be bounded to almost any desired degree of accuracy, which in this case was ±0.02 meters. Evaluation of the integral by the method of stationary phase is noticeably inaccurate for r < 10R in the case of a parabolic impulse, and, for this region, it is recommended that the integral be evaluated by some other approximate method, such as that presented in this paper. At large distances from the source, r ≥ 10R, the usual Kelvin approximation is an excellent method of evaluating the wave amplitude and should be used for savings in computation time.


Note by the Author Introduction Chapter 1: Minorities/Minority Religions. Reflections on the Turkish Context Chapter 2: Minorities in Turkey. Minorities and the Building of the Turkish Identity Chapter 3: Religious belonging and Transnationality. The Muslims of Greece Chapter 4: Single Religious Belonging, Multiple National Belonging. People from Turkey in France Conclusion Bibliography


The LiMn 2 O 4 /Ag composite has been prepared by a chemical deposition of silver particles. Well dispersed and nanosized silver particles in the composites were realized by careful control of the preparation conditions. The experimental results showed that the 6.3 wt % Ag in the composite obviously reduced the impedance of the precursor and the polarization of the cathode/electrolyte interface in the cell and effectively improved the high rate cycling performance of LiMn 2 O 4 . The reversible capacity after 50 cycles remained at 103.2 mAh/g with capacity loss of 10.57% compared to the first cycle even at the charge-discharge rate as high as 10C.


This paper proposed the hybrid algorithm for the optimization of the structure and parameters of thefuzzy neural networks by genetic algorithms (GA) to improve the behaviour and design of fuzzy neural networks. Fuzzy neural networks have a distinguishing feature in that they can possess the advantage of both neural networks and fuzzy systems. In this way, we can bring the low-level learning and computational power of neural networks into fuzzy systems and also high-level, human like If-THEN rule thinking and reasoning of fuzzy systems into neural networks. As a result, there are many research works concerning the optimization of the structure and parameters of fuzzy neural networks. In this pap-er, we propose the hybrid algorithm that can optimize both the structure and parameters of fuzzy neural networks. The proposed method can systematically optimize fuzzy neural networks by combining traditional works and genetic algorithms. Numerical examples are provided to show the advantages of the proposed method.


The egg the exoskeleton growth and moulting the epidermis musculature the nervous system the pseudocoelom the secretory-excretory system the digestive system the reproductive system nematode pathology.


Machine-learning (ML) algorithms are extensively employed to develop early detection tools for neurological and psychiatric diseases. Parkinson's disease (PD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have significantly high comorbidity and prodromal presentation. Consequently, early detection can help improve the quality of life of MDD and PD patients. Here, we examined whether distinguish between patients with MDD and PD. We deployed five machine-learning classifiers to differentiate MDD from PD. The best test classification was obtained from logistic regression classifier with an accuracy of 91 %. To our knowledge, this is the first study to apply machine learning algorithms on cognitive performance to differentiate between patients with MDD and PD.


Abstract : The report evaluates the effectiveness of a seminar approach to changing attitudes on race relations. The seminars were relatively open-ended dialogue between black and white servicemen. The seminars had 16 members and were run by two facilitators that had only local or minimal training. Attitude change was measured by the Woodmansee Multifactor Racial Attitude Inventory. A six group experimental design was used that provided for testing prior to the seminar, testing at the end of the one week seminar, and at a three month interval with appropriate control groups. Results indicated that the seminar changed racial attitudes significantly, in an equalitarian direction, at the one week and three month testing intervals.


The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) is widely used to measure visuoperceptual and visuoconstructional skills, while the Line Bisection (LB) test is commonly employed to assess unilateral spatial neglect (USN). Previous studies have suggested that Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients may suffer from left USN. Objectives The purpose of this study was to clarify whether left USN occurs in AD. Methods Forty controls, 40 very mild AD patients and 31 mild/moderate AD patients performed both the RCFT copying and the LB test. Results The very mild AD and mild/moderate AD groups had lower total RCFT copying scores and also scored lower in the "left" and "detail" categories compared to controls. However, there were no correlations between the left-category score for RCFT and the LB score. Instead, peripheral inattention and simplification patterns were noted. Conclusions We found that the RCFT copying test is effective for detecting early AD and suggest that AD patients manifest peripheral inattention and simplification but not left USN.


This study investigated the relationship between stakeholder enacted crisis communication and organizational crisis response. Through textual analysis, the reputation repair strategies that head coach Urban Meyer utilized in his four public statements regarding the Zach Smith scandal were identified. Next, 10,000 tweets from Ohio-based stakeholders were content analyzed to examine the extent to which stakeholders mirror the selected strategies employed by an individual enveloped in a crisis and amplify them through their own social media networks. Results showed that stakeholders engaged in three primary behaviors: rallying together by using the ingratiation and reminder strategies; mirroring some of Meyer's official strategies; and utilizing their own strategies to attribute blame to other, external parties. Implications regarding how stakeholders utilize Twitter, itself, during a crisis were also proffered.


Nationalist Bankruptcy in the Balkans - Ethno-territorial Disputes and Self-Determination - Manifestations of the Balkan Economic Crises - Former Yugoslavia: Transition to Capitalism and War Economics - Sanctions: Trigger of Economic Collapse or Stimulus for Economic Initiative? - The Economic and Demographic Ramifications of Population Movements - Towards Larger Ethnic and Economic Units in the Balkans


This paper introduces the concept of Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP), simply reviews the developing process of Chinese financial software, emphasizes the differences between the two kinds of software. It also makes suggestions on how to implement ERP and how to deal with the relationship between ERP and the present financial system, and then points out their prospects.


The concern raised in late 2017 regarding 46.2 million mobile device subscribers' data breach had the Malaysian police started an investigation looking for the source of the leak.  Data security is fundamental to protect the assets or information by providing its confidentiality, integrity and availability not only in the telecommunication industry but also in other sectors.  This paper attempts to protect the data of a patient-based clinical system by producing a risk treatment plan for its software products.  The existing system is vulnerable to information theft, insecure databases, needy audit login and password management.  The information security risk assessment consisting of identifying risks, analyzing and evaluating them were conducted before a risk assessment report is written down.  A risk management framework was applied to the software development unit of the organization to countermeasure these risks.  ISO/IEC 27005:2011 standard was used as the basis for the information security risk management framework.  The controls from Annex A of ISO/IEC 27001:2013 were used to reduce the risks.  Thirty risks have been identified and 7 high-level risks for the product have been recognized.  A risk treatment plan focusing on the risks and controls has been developed for the system to reduce these risks in order to secure the patients' data.  This will eventually enhance the information security in the software development unit and at the same time, increase awareness among the team members concerning risks and the means to handle them.


In this paper, we provide Lyapunov-based tools to establish input-to-state stability (ISS) and integral input-to-state stability (iISS) for non-autonomous infinite-dimensional systems. We prove that for a class of admissible inputs the existence of an ISS Lyapunov function implies the ISS of a system in Banach spaces. Furthermore, it is shown that uniform global asymptotic stability is equivalent to their integral input-to-state stability for non-autonomous generalised bilinear systems over Banach spaces. The Lyapunov method is provided to be very useful for both linear and nonlinear tools including partial differential equations (PDEs). In addition, we present a method for construction of iISS Lyapunov function in Hilbert spaces. Finally, two examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


Measuring arrangement designed for detecting the speed and / or relative position between the cylinder (12) metal guide means (14) and a movable relative thereto, a piston formed with a piston rod body (11) which is displaceably guided in the cylinder (12) and a has formed as Ringmagnet- or part annular magnet assembly permanent magnet arrangement (13) acts whose magnetic field into the metallic wall of the cylinder (12), said at least one designed as a Hall-element magnetic-field-sensitive sensing element (15) is provided in the area of influence of the permanent magnet arrangement (13) on or is fixed in the movable body (11).


Measurements of carbon monoxide binding to the heme proteins myoglobin, the separated α and β chains of hemoglobin, chemically modified chains of hemoglobin, cytochrome P450 with and without substrate camphor, and heme model compounds protoheme and heme c octapeptide have been performed over wide ranges in temperature (2-350 °K) and time (10−6-103 seconds) using flash photolysis. Two basic features characterize our results. (l) Access to the active site is governed by multiple barriers that are associated with structure in the system. The innermost barrier is produced by the active center, the outermost by the solvent, and the intermediate ones by the protein. The enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy changes at all the barriers have been determined. (2) The activation enthalpy of the innermost barrier is not sharp, but is distributed. We explain the spectrum by postulating the heme protein to exist in many different conformational states, with different activation enthalpies. The resulting distribution is characteristic of the protein. Correlations of these results and the known structural features of the heme proteins and heme model compounds illustrate some of the effects of protein structure on the reactions carried out by heme proteins.


Somatomedin-C, a peptide growth factor that is also termed insulin-like growth factor 1, stimulates smooth muscle cell replication; however, these cells proliferate in somatomedin-C-defitient medium. We postulated, therefore, that these cells might release a somatomedin-like molecule into the surrounding culture medium. Porcine aortic smooth muscle cells that were exposed to serum-free Dulbecco's modified minimum essential medium for 24 hours were found to release a somatomedin-like molecule that could be detected by a specific radioimmunoassay for somatomedin-C. Several variables in the design of tissue culture conditions were found to regulate the secretion of the somatomedin-like peptide. There was an inverse relationship between somatomedin-like peptide secretion and culture density. Cultures grown to a density of 110,000 cells/well secreted 0.18 ± 0.02 U/ml per 105 cells, whereas cultures grown to 38,000 cells/well secreted 0.59 ± 0.06 U/ml per 105 cells (P < 0.001). Serum deprivation and days of preincubation before initiation of an experiment were found to influence somatomedin-like peptide secretion significantly. Platelet-derived growth factor, which stimulates smooth muscle cell replication, was a potent stimulant of somatomedin-like peptide secretion. Exposure to a concentration of 500 ng/ml platelet-derived growth factor induced a 2.8-fold increase in somatomedin-like peptide secretion over basal levels, (i.e., 0.37 ± 0.05 to 0.98 ± 0.7 U/ml, P < 0.001). The effect of platelet-derived growth factor was enhanced (41% increase) by concomitant incubation with 1% soma- tomedin-C-deficient platelet poor plasma. Transient exposure to platelet-derived growth factor followed by exposure to 1% somatomedin-C-deficient platelet-poor plasma caused a sustained increase in somatomedin-like peptide production even after platelet-derived growth factor had been removed from the culture dish. In contrast to platelet-derived growth factor, hormones and growth factors that circulate in plasma and do not stimulate smooth muscle cell replication after transient exposure, did not stimulate quiescent cultures to secrete the somatomedin-like peptide. However, if the cultures were transiently exposed to platelet-derived growth factor, then exposed to either insulin, epidermal growth factor, or thyroxine, each stimulated somatomedin secretion. Since these hormones were inactive when added to quiescent cultures, it is postulated that entry into the cell cycle is required to achieve stimulation with these substances. The production of this somatomedin-like peptide may be linked to smooth muscle cell replication, since many factors which stimulate replication also facilitate production and release of this material.


An overview of the problem of contaminant transport in heterogeneous geological media is given. The main physical principles causing anomalous transport regimes in fractured rock media are identified. Five theoretical models taking into account specific features of geologic media and manifesting non-classical transport behavior are presented and compared with data from field observations.


A detailed radon mitigation study is in progress in 14 homes in the New Jersey Piedmont area. The principal goals are the refinement of diagnostic measurements for selection and implementation of mitigation systems, and the reduction of radon concentrations to acceptable levels inside the study houses. Monitoring stations were installed in each home in October, 1986. Instrumented measurements included: basement and upstairs radon; differential pressures across the basement/subslag, basement/upstairs and basement/outdoor interfaces; temperatures at basement, upstairs and outdoor locations; and central air handler usage. A weather station was located at one house, monitoring wind speed and direction; barometric pressure; precipitation; soil temperature; and outdoor temperature and relative humidity. A time-averaged value of all of the above parameters was recorded every 30 min. Several additional parameters were monitored on an intermittent basis in all or selected homes. These include multizone air infiltration rates which have been measured in all homes using passive perfluorocarbon tracers (PFT) and in two homes using a constant concentration tracer gas system (CCTG). Total radon progeny, soil gas radon concentration and permeability characteristics, and gamma radiation levels were also monitored periodically in all study homes. 10 refs., 53 figs.


A non-contact metrology for electrical char acterization of p-n junctions has been developed for use on photo-voltaic materials. By analysis of junction photo-voltage (JPV) measurements at multiple light beam modulation frequencies and multiple light penetration depths, a comprehensive electrical analysis of photo-voltaic materials is provided for junction sheet resistance, leak age current, capacitance and bulk carrier diffusion length. The JPV analysis can be made with screen and native oxides on the surface, so no pre-measurement chemical etching is required. Since the probe does not contact the p-n junction surface, measurements can be made in a continuous fashion with the junction moving under the probe, providi ng a method for efficient high-resolution mapping of local electrical properties. The non-contact probing also allows for nondamaging measurements in both "hard" (Si) and "soft" (organic) photo-voltaic materials. Examples of p-n junction properties in polis hed, crystalline-Si and cast poly-Si will be discussed. PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC JUNCTIONS The success of Si photo-voltaic devices depends on monitoring and controlling a wide range of fundamental properties of p-n junctions in semiconductor materials. The basics of conversion of light to electricity in semiconductor materials are sketched in Fig. 1. If a photon with energy larger than th e bandgap of a semiconductor material (1.12 eV for Si), is absorbed in the semiconductor, electron-hole pairs are created. If the semiconductor has a p-n junction on its surface, these carriers can be sweep out of the depletion layer into majority car rier regions (electrons into n-type and holes into p-type) and removed from the device through surface metal contacts.


PaV1 (Panulirus argus virus 1) is a lethal contact-transmitted pathogen that infects the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. Juvenile lobsters are highly susceptible to this pathogen, which prior to mortality causes fundamental changes in their ecology. However, P. argus can reduce infection risk by avoiding shelters inhabited by infected lobsters. Based on its role in many other aspects of lobster ecology such as conspecific attraction and mate searching, I hypothesized that olfaction was the most likely mechanism by which lobsters detect PaV1-infected conspecifics. A series of Y-maze experiments were used to test this hypothesis and determine the source of the olfactory cue. Shelter avoidance behavior also has the potential to alter population structuring dynamics, and based on the type of cue, could be affected by local hydrodynamics. To investigate this, shelters and diseased cues were manipulated for wild populations in both high and low flow environments. Results showed that diseased avoidance is driven by olfaction via urine release, and moreover, the olfactory cue alone was equivalent in effectiveness to having a diseased lobster present and visible. When given a choice between sheltering with diseased or non-diseased conspecifics, lobsters rarely sheltered with diseased individuals. In the field, detection of PaV1-infected conspecifics can alter structuring dynamics of natural populations especially under low flow regimes by inducing emigration and redistribution of non-diseased animals relative to diseased conspecifics. In shelter-limited environments, as occurs in many regions of the Caribbean, the unavailability of shelters due to disease avoidance could increase juvenile mortality and potentially impact future adult stocks. ( en )


The second half of the third decade (1990-1995) after the establishment of the Army Malaria Research Unit was characterised by substantial progress in meeting the challenges posed by drug-resistant malaria. In view of the rapid emergence of drug resistance, laboratory/field studies were carried out to develop novel and improved methods to assess and monitor changes in patterns of parasite susceptibility to antimalarial drugs. The high malaria attack rates observed during training exercises in Papua New Guinea (PNG) in 1988/1989 underscored the urgent need to provide better protection for soldiers deployed to malarious areas. This led to doxycycline substituting pyrimethamine/dapsone (Maloprim®) for prevention of falciparum malaria, but relapsing vivax malaria remained a problem. Laboratory investigations with tafenoquine indicated that this long-acting drug could eventually replace the cumbersome primaquine eradication course for prevention of vivax malaria. Furthermore, alternative antibiotics and halofantrine might be able to be used for prevention and treatment of falciparum malaria. Other studies showed that, apart from acting synergistically with dapsone, proguanil and PS-15 (experimental antifolate) potentiated the activity of atovaquone (new antimalarial) against drug-resistant parasites. Further investigations with Mannich base compounds revealed some of them to be more potent than amodiaquine or pyronaridine. Personal protection measures against insect bites were expanded by testing the effectiveness of various formulations of insect repellents when applied to skin, uniforms and bednets. After completing the survey of Anopheles farauti in northern Australia during the previous quinquennium, its spatial distribution was analysed in relation to detailed topography and historical climate records. Further anopheline surveys were performed in the Torres Strait and four PNG provinces to enhance future malaria control activities in these areas. Karl H. Rieckmann, Stephen P. Frances, Barbara M. Kotecka, Robert D. Cooper, G. Dennis Shanks, Anthony W. Sweeney, Michael D. Edstein


Indonesia reflect the natural diversity and splendor of the routes, moorings, and interiors among thousands of sea-bounded land masses forming this archipelago.Through this research writer will discuss one of the results culture originating in Indonesia, namely Buginese Phinisi ship. Buginese Phinisi ship is sustainability design because the Phinisi ship already exists in 14 century and continue to exist till this day, even a design are continuing developed according the global developments. This Study, Researcher use qualitative descriptive methodology based on picture, literature, and references after that researcher analyze data with STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positions Product).


Objective The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical curative effect of glutamine enhanced enteral nutrition therapy for non-infectious diarrhea.Methods 90 patients with non-infectious diarrhea were randomly divided into the treatment group(43 cases) by glutamine therapy and the control group(47 cases) by smecta from March 2011 to March 2013 in our hospital.The curative effect and the related indicators were observed after six weeks treatment.Results The abdominal pain and diarrhea control time in treatment group were better than those in control group.The total effective rate in treatment and control groups was 88.3% and 74.4%,respectively,and there was statistical difference between the two groups.The intestinal morphology,adverse reaction and recurrence cases during the 6 weeks follow-up in the treatment group were superior to the control group.Conclusion Glutamine treatment for non-infectious diarrhea is effective and worthy of clinical promotion.


The paper made research and analysis on the topic of faulted line selecting in an auto compensated distribution network in use of the active part of residual currents. Meanwhile with the help of EMTP,we verified the principle and bring forward the proper application schema. As the result, the method can correctly select the faulted line even with very high fault resistance. With the integration of the method into the automatically regulated arc suppression coil compensation devices we can make feasible and effective control to the resonant grounded distribution network, thus to improve the reliability and security of the general power supply.


The major changes that have occurred in the steel industry are described along three periods: the thirty years boom-period after World War II; the zero growth period (1973-1983); the last period, from 1983 to nowadays. Under the heavy influence of the overall trends of world economy, these periods can be distinguished, for the steel industry, by the different levels of priority for productivity, for specific flat carbon steel product developments or for environmental protection. The intricate relations that prevail between the development of new processes, innovative product metallurgies and the requirements expressed by steel customers are highlighted.


The Indus Fan, located in the Arabian Sea, contains the bulk of the sediment eroded from the Western Himalaya and Karakoram. Scientific drilling in the Laxmi Basin by the International Ocean Discovery Program recovered a discontinuous erosional record for the Indus River drainage dating back to at least 9.8 Ma, and with a single sample from 15.6 Ma. We dated detrital zircon grains by U‐Pb geochronology to reconstruct how erosion patterns changed through time. Long‐term increases in detrital zircon U‐Pb components of 750–1,200 and 1,500–2,300 Ma record increasing preferential erosion of the Himalaya relative to the Karakoram between 8.3–7.0 and 5.9–5.7 Ma. The average contribution of Karakoram‐derived sediment to the Indus Fan fell from 70% of the total at 8.3–7.0 Ma to 35% between 5.9 and 5.7 Ma. An increase in the contribution of 1,500–2,300 Ma zircons starting between 2.5 and 1.6 Ma indicates significant unroofing of the Inner Lesser Himalaya (ILH) by that time. The trend in zircon age spectra is consistent with bulk sediment Nd isotope data. The initial change in spatial erosion patterns at 7.0–5.9 Ma occurred during a time of drying climate in the foreland. The increase in ILH erosion postdated the onset of dry‐wet glacial‐interglacial cycles suggesting some role for climate control. However, erosion driven by rising topography in response to formation of the ILH thrust duplex, especially during the Pliocene, also played an important role, while the influence of the Nanga Parbat Massif to the total sediment flux was modest.


Our medical university has offered sexual medicine course since 1983 and edited the first textbook on sexual medicine in China in 2008.Our teaching practice proved that this course received popularity among the students,and the offering of this course in medical university has become necessary for students' social adaptation.We summarized the "four integration" teaching approach in our teaching practice,namely,the integration of basic medicine with clinical medicine,the integration of social science with natural science,the integration of traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine;and the integration of medical education with sex education.The teaching of this course should balance the theoretic knowledge and clinical skills of sexual medicine,combing theory with practice teaching to foster students' scientific thinking skills;In view of medicine development history,the course should impart science history and scientific philosophy knowledge to students to strengthen their scientific awareness;Furthermore,the course should also include humanity knowledge to enhance students' social adaptation ability.Sexual medicine course can not only impart specialized sexual medicine knowledge to university students,broaden their knowledge scope,but also uplift their morality and cultural spirit.All these will be of great significance for the promotion of sexual health and sexual civilization among university students.


Solution. By the condition we obtain that AO is the bisector of angle A, i.e. AB = AC. Then ODHE is a rhombus, ∠ODH = 2∠ODE = ∠B, ∠DOH = ∠DHO = 90◦ − ∠B 2 = ∠BHD. Let the line passing through H and parallel to AC meet AB at point K. Since ∠HKB = ∠A = ∠HOB, points H, O, K, B are concyclic. Since angle KHB is right, the center of the corresponding circle lies on AB, thus it coincides with D (fig.2). Therefore, ∠HBD = ∠BHD = 90◦ − ∠B 2 . On the other hand this angle is equal to ∠B − ∠A 2 , from this we obtain the answer.


Nitrofurantoin (NF) is an antibacterial that acts by inducing DNA damage. Increased selectivity towards bacterial DNA is conferred through the rapid activation by prokaryotic reductases. In cancer therapy, radiation and anti‐neoplastic drugs induce DNA damage to activate the p53‐dependent pathway, provoking apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, a novel series of nitrofuran derivatives was designed with a presumed enhanced eukaryotic activity. The safety and the anti‐tumor efficacy of this series was assessed. Anticancer effects were assessed on colorectal cancer (Caco‐2), breast cancer (MCF‐7), cervical cancer (Hela), and liver cancer cells (HepG‐2). Cytotoxicity was estimated by MTT assays. Three compounds, NF‐5, NPO, and NS‐1 were shown to have the highest cytotoxic activity against cancer cells at IC50 values that are several‐fold lower that those observed for non‐malignant lung fibroblasts. The abilities to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis were tested by flow cytometry to measure dihydrodichlorofluorescein fluorescence and nuclear annexin‐V staining, and compared to that of NF and the reference chemotherapeutic drug (5‐FU). Other apoptosis markers measured include caspase3/7 activity and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. NF‐5, NPO, and NS‐1 induced oxidative DNA damage in cancer cells in vitro with subsequent cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, the three derivatives induced more than 50% increase in reactive oxygen species when compared to 5‐FU. Cells treated with these drugs showed an increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio and caspase 3/7 activity compared to the traditional chemotherapeutic drug. A positive linear correlation was shown between the oxidative load produced in the cells and the increase in apoptotic markers. Interestingly, despite equivalent induction of DNA damage demonstrated by similar pATM nuclear shuttling, NF‐5, NPO, and NS‐1 produced more cytotoxicity in MCF‐7 cells compared to the p53 mutant breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231. Moreover, the effect of these derivatives on the p53 interaction with its negative modulator Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) was assessed using a multi‐spot sandwich ELISA kit. NF‐5, NPO, and NS‐1 promoted p53 release from MDM2 at concentrations that are 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than their cytotoxic IC50 values. These findings were further confirmed by in silico docking studies demonstrating possible binding sites on the protein. Further experiments are underway to assess the ability of lower, non‐cytotoxic concentrations of these drugs to improve the radio‐sensitivity of cancer cells via activation of p53‐dependnet pathways.


In blurring the boundaries between art and cinema languages and using programming systems, André Parente creates virtual reality environments. In the light of an ethic based on the alteration of old ones and the construction of new territories, his gesture includes concepts and practices that start in pre-cinema and that extend and are updated in post-cinema. In the entirety of the artist-artwork-reception dispositif and the set of its ethical, aesthetic and poetic aspects, it investigates his transmedia practices, represented here by the artworks "figuras na Paisagem" and "Circuladô", in a dialectical movement with the aesthetics of art, especially through philosophical interfaces that operate in transdisciplinary


In this paper we consider downlink underlay cognitive radio non-orthogonal mutliple access (CR-NOMA) system. CR and NOMA are both efficient spectrum utilization techniques. The major challenge in combining both CR and NOMA is to address effect of interferences caused by both. Underlay CR-NOMA network is interference limited system due to the fact that both the primary and secondary transmits simultaneously to its corresponding users. The effect of intranetwork interference and inter-user interference is analysed and new architecture is proposed for underlay CR-NOMA to combat the intra-network interference. It is shown that proposed architecture provides greater system throughput than the traditional underlay CR-NOMA network. Keywords—CR, NOMA, spectrum utilizations, interferences


This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of gamification, e-service quality and e-trust variables on online purchase decision through online purchase intention at the Shopee marketplace in Medan City. This type of research is using a quantitative approach. The nature of this research is associative research and the data used are primary data and secondary data obtained through documentation and a list of questions that measure it using a Likert scale. The sample in this study is the community in Medan City at least 17 years old, has a Shopee marketplace application and is a consumer who has purchased and used the Shopee marketplace at least 1 time as many as 175 respondents. Researchers collected data by distributing questionnaires to all respondents in this study. The data analysis method used descriptive statistical analysis and path analysis. Statistical results show that the majority of respondents agree with all the statements shared. The results of the research on the first substructure show that gamification has a positive and significant effect on online purchase intention with a significance of 0.000, e-service quality has a positive and insignificant effect on online purchase intention with a significance of 0.836 and e-trust has a positive and significant effect on online purchase intention with a significance of 0.000. The results of the research on the second substructure show that gamification has a positive and significant effect on online purchase decision with a significance of 0.031, e-service quality has a negative and insignificant effect on online purchase decision with a significance of 0.721, e-trust has a positive and significant effect on online purchase decision with a significance of 0.002 and online purchase intention has a positive and significant effect on online purchase decision with a significance of 0.000. The path analysis test using the sobel test shows that online purchase intention is able to mediate between gamification and e-trust with online purchase decision, but online purchase intention are not able to mediate e-service quality with online purchase decision.


The effects of primary color (black, red, or white) on performance and carcass characteristics of 253 cross-bred calves were evaluated. The only effect of color was that white calves had lighter birth weights than red calves, which was probably the result of the maternal influence of the Brahman breed. White calves also had a lower carcass yield grade than red calves. No other effects of color on performance or carcass traits were found. It can be concluded that knowledge of breed and expected progeny differences (EPD) of the sire within the breed are more accurate methods of predicting the future performance and carcass characteristics of calves than color.


After Althusser created a new model of studying the relationship between art and ideology from the text-ideological structure of the centrifuge,Macherey paid more attention to its literary nature and revealed the ideology of "the presence-the absense" of the deep-seated dialectical structure.Eagleton overcomed the tendency to be highly idealistic with the principle of dialectical and historical materialism,and explained its complexity.Finally,he established "the text of the science".


Along with the fast development in the software industry,the software talents have become the important strategy resource.So the purpose of this paper is,through the study of software talents forecasting,making the government and the software enterprises better know and manage software talents.Based on the characteristics of talents forecast,this article quotes GM(1,1) model forecast technique and linear regression method,uses combined model technology to build a combined model of demand forecast,and uses this model to forecast the demand number of China software talents in the next 5 years.


In this paper a GA-based method for geometry reconstruction of 2D convex shapes was presented and tested successfully on several scattering targets. While the case of convex scattering targets seems limited, this work is the basis of a more general method that uses genetic programming techniques. Tree-structured chromosomes can be used to represent the geometric combination (union, subtraction, etc.) of convex polygons, which provides a very flexible representation of arbitrary 2D geometries. Moreover, the representation can be extended quite easily to an arbitrary number of dimensions


The COVID-19 pandemic has foisted unprecedented changes upon graduate medical education ranging from adjustments to patient care practices to adaptive modifications to educational activities. To comply with social distancing guidelines, in-person conferences and didactics have been suspended in most, if not all residency programs throughout the country. Many programs, however, have transitioned to live virtual platforms such as Zoom to continue educational activities. While live virtual learning has allowed for continued education, it presents its unique challenges. The impersonal nature of the virtual learning environment creates a propensity for detachment and disengagement. While the video function is turned off and the microphone is muted, a participant can completely disengage from virtual learning while still appearing to be present.


in the process of natural gas pipeline transportation, due to hydrogen sulfide and other components in natural gas, it is easy to lead to pipeline corrosion, and leakage accident occurs in serious cases, which brings serious harm to natural gas production. The corrosion and anti-corrosion situation of natural gas pipeline transportation is analyzed to prevent various corrosion accidents and ensure the safe operation of long-distance pipeline system. According to different types of corrosion, the prevention of metal pipeline corrosion is given priority to, and then the corrosion treatment is carried out to avoid serious corrosion of pipeline, improve the safety factor of natural gas long-distance pipeline system, and meet the technical requirements of natural gas production.


Reservoir quality in the middle Cretaceous Golden Lane oil field, Mexico, was enhanced by freshwater dissolution during subaerial exposure in the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary. Study of the outcropping equivalent El Abra Limestone in the type area demonstrates the presence of repeated emergence and submergence and the formation of subaerial discontinuity surfaces. Physical correlation has been established between El Abra quarry sections. This dovetails with a corresponding correlation of discontinuity surfaces to provide a series of reliable horizons on which to construct a shelf-edge model. Near back-reef rocks are characterized by thin (3 m) shoaling-up sequences usually capped by thick (to 10 m) supratidal and island sequences. Storm washover deposits with strong calcrete overprint are interbedded with penecontemporaneously dolomitized supratidal rocks. Freshwater dissolution during emergence produced voluminous moldic and vuggy porosity, subsequently reduced by interlayered marine internal sediment and a radiaxial fibrous cement mosaic. Platform-interior rocks are characterized by thick subtidal deposits and 3 to 5 m shoaling-upward sequences attributable to tidal flat progradation in the lee of shelf-edge islands or the migration of tidal channels. Paleosols and karstic surfaces are present at the tops of several cycles. Moldic and vuggy porosity developed during sub erial exposure was reduced by vadose and marine internal sediment. Radiaxial fibrous cement mosaics are not present. Porosity development in the El Abra type area is a result of synsedimentary emergence. Porosity was of local extent and largely occluded by processes active during succeeding sedimentary episodes. Post-El Abra freshwater leaching appears to have been minor. Contrasts in reservoir development between the Golden Lane and the comparatively tight El Abra type area may reflect differences in later exposure. End_of_Article - Last_Page 607------------


Exposure to light of bovine spermatozoa suspended in various media results in a progressive decline in metabolic activity followed by the premature death of the cells. The inhibitory and spermicidal effects of visible light resemble a photodynamic action; the photosensitizer is an intrinsic component of the cell.


A novel fully transparent ultra-wideband and high gain liquid antenna has been investigated using ionic liquid and simple feeding structure for ku-band application. The antenna gain can be further improved by introducing surface-mounted horn. Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the analytical prediction. The proposed antenna has frequency range from 12.33 GHz to 15.80 GHz(S11<-10dB), high radiation efficiency(>85%) and a maximum gain is 10.73 dBi. Compared to existing similar liquid antenna, such antenna has segmental unique features, such as high transparency, high radiation efficiency, ultra-wideband, low profile and etc, which can be a prospective candidate for high integrated circuit and microwave devices in ku frequency band. More detailed work will be presented in the final paper.


It is widely accepted that we are now in an era distinct from modernity. The failed enlightenment project and dreams of humanity developing greater consciousness of itself have given way to a new project fuelled by new Ideas. After outlining G.W.F. Hegel's hopes for modernity, and elements of Michel Foucault's more recent work, I will discuss how these somewhat opposing approaches can actually be viewed as complementary components in Hegel's philosophical system. Hegel outlines the developmental path of freedom in conjunction with our collective self-consciousness, suggesting that it manifests in the form of the state and its institutions. Foucault's project is focused on re-evaluating constraining structures of power which developed during modernity in those same institutions. I suggest that by combining elements of both theories, the enlightenment project can be resuscitated: that it still holds great potential and its rejection was a mistake; furthermore, rather than failing us, it can be argued that it is us that have (as yet) failed it. Foucault's genealogical method will then be applied to elements of the 'post-enlightenment' project, including his own 'power discourse' to show how, without crucial components of the former project being in place, these Ideas produce social disharmony. In one sense, they aid in increasing individual liberties, in another, they deny and aid in repressing a superior measure of freedom. Through the rejection of metanarratives and the acceptance of a constant struggle of all against all, they legitimate and perpetuate a particularized and fragmented social world. This ensures that struggle is indeed perpetual, denying the positive progressive elements of the enlightenment project, actively suppressing the very possibility of a 'universal' form of freedom unprecedented in the history of humankind.


Studies on coalition building have neglected the role of historical, cultural, and spatial relationships in shaping the development of interethnic coalitions, particularly between immigrant and native-born minority groups. Based on interviews, participant observation, and archival research on one public space coalition in Koreatown and West Adams, the author argues that (1) the intersection of use and exchange positions among organized segments of both communities provided the interest basis for coalition building, and (2) the competing claims of Koreans around their financial contributions and African-Americans around political and territorial advantages forced each side to negotiate and recognize the benefits of coalescing.


Ground based Cherenkov telescope systems measure astrophysical {gamma}-ray emission against a background of cosmic-ray induced air showers. The subtraction of this background is a major challenge for the extraction of spectra and morphology of {gamma}-ray sources. The unprecedented sensitivity of the new generation of ground based very-high-energy {gamma}-ray experiments such as H.E.S.S. has lead to the discovery of many previously unknown extended sources. The analysis of such sources requires a range of different background modeling techniques. Here we describe some of the techniques that have been applied to data from the H.E.S.S. instrument and compare their performance. Each background model is introduced and discussed in terms of suitability for image generation or spectral analysis and possible caveats are mentioned. We show that there is not a single multi-purpose model, different models are appropriate for different tasks. To keep systematic uncertainties under control it is important to apply several models to the same data set and compare the results.


The interaction of entrepreneurial team communication and performance has been considered a "black box". This study aims to use the IMOI instead of the traditional IPO paradigm to analyze the special mechanism of the dynamic entrepreneurial team performance. The IMOI-based analysis suggests that the intermediate factors of risk framing in entrepreneurial team communication moderates its interaction on the team performance while the performance or output, in return, further impacts the entrepreneurial team input.


The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is to find a tour of a given number of cities (visiting each city exactly once and returning to the starting city) where the length of this tour is minimized. In this project, we implemented solutions to the traveling salesman problem using parallel genetic algorithm and simulated annealing, and compared the parallel performance and results of these two implementations. In performance analysis, we used the results from running serial implementation of the two algorithms as baselines for comparison. Furthermore, we studied the effect of changing the rate of convergence on the parallel performance of these two algorithms. The two algorithms are implemented in C and parallelized using the MPI library. The study indicates that both the genetic algorithm and simulated annealing implementations achieve good parallel speedup. We found that increasing the rate of convergence improves the optimization result (prior to reaching a plateau) but also significantly increases the running time.


Systematic approaches to security investment decisions, from intelligence and surveillance to fortification, are crucial for improved homeland security. We present an optimization modeling approach for allocating protection resources among a system of facilities so that the disruptive effects of possible intentional attacks to the system are minimized. This paper is based upon the p-median service protocol for an operating set of p-facilities. The primary objective is to identify the subset of q facilities which, when fortified, provides the best protection against the worst-case loss of r non-fortified facilities. This problem, known as the r-interdiction median problem with fortification (IMF), was first formulated as a mixed integer program by Church and Scaparra [6]. In this paper, we reformulate the IMF as a maximal covering problem with precedence constraints, which is amenable to a new solution approach. This new approach produces good approximations to the best fortification strategies. Furthermore, it provides upper and lower bounds that can be used to reduce the size of the original model. The reduced model can readily be solved to optimality by CPLEX. Computational results on two geographical data sets with different structural characteristics show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for solving IMF instances of considerable size.


Objective In this study, we develop and apply a high-throughput screening protocol to investigate the activity of non-ionic surfactants, with a broad range of hydrophilic – lipophilic balance values, against ABCB1-mediated efflux transport and ABCC2-mediated efflux transport. Methods Caco-2 cells were grown for 7 days in 96-well plates, then washed and incubated with the test materials for 2 h in the presence of 2.5 l M of either rhodamine 123 (R-123) or 5(6)-Carboxy-2 0 ,7 0 dichlorofluorescein diacetate as probes of ABCB1 and ABCC2, respectively. Key the tested, no activity against ABCC2 detected and all surfactants showing efficacy against ABCB1 a HLB value of 22 or below. of ABCB1 of > Etocas 40 > Tween 20 > Etocas 29 > Tween 80 > Acconon C-44 > Span 20. With regard to this inhibition, the distribution of hydrophilic regions is more important than the HLB value. Conclusion This work demonstrates a high-throughput protocol for detecting materials that can modulate ABCB1-mediated efflux. These surfactants could be exploited to improve oral delivery of drugs prone to efflux. fast processing time, low unit cost, in a multipurpose platform that can easily be used for fluorescent probe uptake as well as cytotoxicity and morphological studies without modification. In this study, we present a kinetic evaluation on the impact of surfactants on ABCB1-mediated transport and ABCC2-mediated transport using the Caco-2 cell line in this novel high-throughput system, with the aim of modelling such materials as drug – drug interactions.


This paper studies the relation between the characteristics of the job performed and the level of subjective satisfaction of workers. In other words: whether job satisfaction reflects the characteristics of jobs, and therefore, can be used as an indicator of job quality. Two different approaches are followed. First, using the International Social Survey Programof 1997 we explored whether differences between countries in job satisfaction can be explained by variables usually considered to be related to job quality, such as working hours, wages, etc. Second, we studied the relationship between certain objective measures of job quality and job satisfaction in a given country, using Spain as a case study. In both cases the results do not support the use of job satisfaction as a measure of job quality. Finally, we discuss the different processes that could explain the coexistence of wide variations in job quality with high overall levels of job satisfaction.


Abstract : This thesis analyzes the consolidation of U.S. Navy, Air Force, and Texas Air National Guard (TANG) support services at Naval Air Station (NAS) Joint Reserve Base (JRB) Fort Worth, Texas. Consolidation literature was reviewed and extensive field interviews were conducted with ii military and civilian personnel involved in support service consolidation at NAS JRB Fort Worth. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) assessment and interview results yielded the following conclusions: There is a lack of DOD direction concerning guidance and implementation of interservice support; consolidating support functions among the Services increases overall efficiency and improves performance; and cultural differences are evident among the Services, but the differences can be resolved. Recommendations include increasing the priority of developing and promulgating joint policies and standardizing DOD instructions for generic functions. Additionally, Service leaders should include more interservice operability into their strategic and training plans, and analyze existing and potential cost savings.


With the rapid development of highway in China,highway maintenance and management have entered on a new period. Pavement management system is a moden comprehensive highway management system which accommodates to large scale,high efficiency and quality of pavement maintenance demands,which makes highway management decision more objective,information and scientific. According to experiences at home and abroad,it is aninevitable trend of pavement management system promoting and implementation.


OBJECTIVE
Evaluation of the point prevalence of infections acquired in an intensive care unit (ICU) and determination of risk factors for ICU patients.

DESIGN
Descriptive study.

SETTING
78 Dutch ICUs.

METHOD
Collecting data by detailed questionnaires for each patient admitted to one of the participating ICUs, on one specified day: April 29th, 1992. Follow-up lasted 6 weeks.

RESULTS
Included in the study were 472 patients; 176 (37%) suffered from an infection, of which 74 (16%) was ICU-acquired. The most important risk factors were: a longer ICU stay (relative risk (RR) 4.23 (95% confidence interval: 3.32-5.40), 99.37 (22.26-434.50) and 146.79 (32.83-656.30) for ICU stays of 3-4 days, 1-2 and more than 3 weeks respectively, in comparison with 0-2 days), correlated with severity of disease (organ dysfunction) and more medical interventions (intubation, urine catheter). The ICU infection risk was lower after elective surgery than after ICU admission without surgery; after emergency surgery the ICU infection risk was higher. During follow-up 63 (14%) patients died. Patients suffering from an ICU infection had a higher mortality risk; the strongest prognostic factor in determining the mortality risk was the APACHE II score (RR: 13 (3.89-42.69) with a score between 16-26 and RR > 100 (7.67-1377.93) with score > 31).

CONCLUSION
ICU-acquired infections are a serious problem. Programmes for infection prevention and control need to be adjusted.


This article presents created experimental stand for wireless inductive system for electric vehicles (EV) batteries charging and investigation of the main problems for moduls integration in the system for effectivnes energy transfer in the large exigenses of the batteries for electric vehicles. Flexible control of the high frequency (HF) inverter limited from resonant conditions of the flexible load with differents transmitters and differents parameters of the batteries was in the scops. A control system with capabilities for large diapazon of charging voltage and curent is proposed as a possible solution of the main problematic issues related to EV charging. An optimization problems are defined and solved for transmitters dimentions, bobbine's inductans and for distance from sender and receiver.


A series of problems have arisen in the implementation of new curriculum in high schools of the experimental areas.The new curriculum of high schools requires teachers to deal with teaching materials flexibly according to the state and local syllabus.Mutual adaptation should be adopted in the curriculum implementation.We should make curriculum structures better and use a variety of strategies in the light of the nature of knowledge.We should also make the teachers abandon the resistant attitudes,cultivate reformatory atmosphere at school,exploit all kinds of curriculum resources,strengthen the role and function of curriculum leadership.


The aim of this study was to assess the productive and reproductive performance of Holstein cows grown in the Agreste region of Pernambuco. Dairy records were collected from three farms located in the Agreste region of the state of Pernambuco each month between 2007 and 2017. According to the National Institute of Meteorology the average annual temperature during the collection period was 24.21 oC, mean annual rainfall was 551.7 mm and mean annual relative humidity was 75.92%. A total of 42,677 data points concerning milk production, milk components and somatic cell score (SCS), as well as other zootechnical information regarding reproductive management, are analyzed herein. In order to assess cow productive performance, lactation curve estimates were performed according to calving order by applying the Wood model, while milk production, milk components and SCS were analyzed according to calving order and farm, season, calving year and the interaction between calving order and season. Regarding reproductive evaluations, farm effects on indices such as age at first calving (IPP), calving interval (IP) and service period (PS) were evaluated. Data were processed using analysis of variance SAS PROC GLM commands, while PROC NLIN commands were used to estimate the curves. Significant (p < 0.05) farm, calving order, season, calving year and interaction effects on production values, milk composition and SCS were noted. Higher amounts of certain milk components (lactose, total solids and non-fat solids) were observed in primiparous cows. Multiparous cows were the most productive in relation to the amount of milk produced milk (34.15 kg/milk/day) and, consequently, presented the highest SCS (4.48). The Wood model showed a good fit of lactation curve characterized by an ascending phase until peaking and a descending phase following the peak. Regarding the assessed reproductive indices, a significant effect (p < 0.05) of farm was observed on IP and PS. The parameters calving order, farm, season, year of calving, interaction between calving order and season, as well as the effect of farm on reproductive indices (IP and PS) are the most important factors in the evaluation of production and milk quality of cows raised in semiarid environments.


【Objective】The research was to establish the flood hazard assessment model based on model intelligent method,and further improve the evaluating precision,which can supply important decision basis for establishing the regional flood control programming and realizing the safe utilization of flood resources.【Method】In view of the difficulties to establish the relative difference degree function and its large amount of calculation,the Set Pair Analysis method was used to establish the relative difference degree function directly for the variable fuzzy recognition method firstly,the relative difference degree of single index was synthesized into membership degree of the flood sample by determining the weight of evaluation indexes,and then the variable fuzzy recognition model for the flood hazard assessment based on Set Pair Analysis was established,which was applied in the grade assessment system for the historical flood samples of Nanjing Station in the lower of Yangtze River,and finally realized the classification and sorting for the hazard grade of flood samples.【Result】The applying result shows that,the hazard grade of the flood samples determined by the variable fuzzy recognition model for the flood hazard assessment based on Set Pair Analysis,consistent with the results calculated by the Projection Pursuit method,has obvious differences and higher resolving power,which effectively avoids the uncertainty of the results brought by the subjective and arbitrary of the parameter values.【Conclusion】The calculating process of the established model is simple and visual,and the calculating result is reasonable and reliable,so it would have a significant popularization and application prospect in the other assessment problem of complex system lacking of standard evaluation grade.


Abstract Unintended consequences invariably accompany regulations and standards. This study examined whether the LEED rating system creates any negative inadvertent environmental effects and, if so, what they are. In effect, can doing something that is not sustainable ever help a project get a higher score? The research tool consisted of semi-structured interviews with construction management personnel responsible for the LEED aspects of projects. The study looked at specific LEED certified projects around the southeastern United States. These interviews gathered project specific information about the company responsible for building, the interviewee's experience and views, and the general project. Most importantly, the interviews collected data on any instances of negative unintended environmental effects. Of the 16 projects considered, two included cases of unintended effects. Both cases resulted from situations in which the project location made the otherwise beneficial LEED requirement inappropriate. ...


Conditions ensuring a central limit theorem for strongly mixing triangular arrays are given. Larger samples can show longer range dependence than shorter samples. The result is obtained by constraining the rate growth of dependence as a function of the sample size, with the usual trade-off of memory and moment conditions. An application to heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent estimators is proposed.


It is shown that plasma turbulence at the edge of a fusion machine can lead to significant broadening of an X-mode microwave beam, which also impacts the performance of the heating systems and diagnostics. Based on a similar method developed for O-mode polarization, the expression for the mean microwave power distribution after the beam passes through the plasma edge turbulence is obtained, and its spatial and probabilistic distributions are analyzed. As this polarization is used for collective Thomson scattering (CTS) on ITER and for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) on ASDEX Upgrade, numerical simulations of beam broadening due to the edge turbulence are performed for the two conditions of plasma parameters, related to the planned CTS experiments on ITER and to ECRH experiments on ASDEX Upgrade. Ideas to reduce the beam broadening induced by the edge turbulence in the CTS case have been tested and are summarized in the conclusion.


THE HIDDEN COSTS OF CALIFORNIA'S HARSH SCHOOL DISCIPLINE: And the Localized Economic Benefits From Suspending Fewer High School Students By Russell W. Rumberger and Daniel J. Losen The Hidden Costs of California's Harsh Discipline: And the Localized Economic Benefits From Suspending Fewer High School Students


The capability to enhance skin moisturization of a number of non-formulated personal care ingredients was assessed using the corneometer CM 820. In a separate skin sensory study the skin feel of the same products was investigated. This revealed that the two types of moisturization did not linearly correlate with each other. In addition, it was found that moisturization perception was highly correlated to the smoothness of the skin. Subjective and objective moisturization must be sufficiently different to cause the observed lack of correlation between them


NTS are the social, personal, and cognitive abilities that complement technical skills. Historically, these skill sets fell under the category of "soft skills," which did not interest health care professionals because they were not considered quantitative, rigorous, or reproducible. Consequently, they were not consistently taught to new learners or explicitly developed, and were tacitly adopted into practice. By contrast, psychologists have long appreciated that many of these "human factor skills" enhance workers' performance and minimize error rates. Although there is no definitive list of essential NTS, authors have utilized several frameworks, including: Crew Resource Management (CRM). Anesthesia Non-Technical Skills (ANTS). Emotional Intelligence (EI). Team Cognition: knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA).


For a new generation of young and educated Filipinos, call center work represents a means to fulfill the Philippine dream. In the megacity of Manila, thousands graduate each year from colleges with degrees in vocational fields such as nursing, accounting, and education. It has long been expected that these graduates would go abroad to work and support their families back home. Those who stayed at home could expect to be impoverished professionals. Call center jobs now allow them to remain in their country yet still achieve the Philippine dream. Correspondence analysis of a sample of sixty Filipino call agents reveals patterned variation in terms of their gender identities, resources, obligations, and aspirations.


Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine hormone with cytoprotective effects in many tissues including the brain. Although the benefits of administration of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) for neonatal hypoxic brain injury have been demonstrated in neuronal tissue, the effect on non‐neuronal cell populations is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that rhEPO would not only protect neuronal cells but also glial cells at a stage of brain development where their maturation was particularly sensitive, and also protect the vasculature. This was evaluated in a rat model of hypoxic injury. 1000 IU/kg rhEPO was delivered intraperitoneally at the start of 4 h hypoxia or normoxia. Treatment groups of neonatal rats (day of birth, at least N = 10 per group) were as follows: normoxia; normoxia plus rhEPO; hypoxia (8% FiO2 delivered in temperature‐controlled chambers); and hypoxia plus rhEPO. Day of birth in rats is equivalent to human gestation of 28–32 weeks. The effects of rhEPO administration, especially to non‐neuronal cell populations, and the associated molecular pathways, were investigated. Apoptosis was increased with hypoxia and this was significantly reduced with rhEPO (p < 0.05). The neuronal marker, microtubule‐associated protein‐2, increased in expression (p < 0.05) when apoptosis was significantly reduced by rhEPO. In addition, compared with hypoxia alone, rhEPO‐treated hypoxia had the following significant protein expression increases (p < 0.05): the intermediate filament structural protein nestin; myelin basic protein (oligodendrocytes); and glial fibrillary acidic protein (astrocytes). In conclusion, rhEPO protects the developing brain via anti‐apoptotic mechanisms and promotes the health of non‐neuronal as well as neuronal cell populations at a time when loss of these cells would have long‐lasting effects on brain function. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A system and method is provided for detecting carpal tunnel syndrome in a patient, utilizing a vibratory waveform having a discrete frequency and a variable amplitude. The system includes control circuitry (22) for generating an electrical signal having the discrete frequency and a computer (14), including a memory, for controlling the circuitry (22) to vary the amplitude of the electrical signal and to generate associated amplitude data for storage in the memory. The system also includes a speaker (20) for converting the electrical signal into the vibratory waveform. A finger (34) of the patient rests directly on the cone (32) of the speaker (20), so that the vibratory waveform is applied directly to the finger (34).


history through the discourse of music itself," through the playwright's use of musical works "as a conduit of meaning," his intimate connection with musical drama, and his privileging of music over language. For White, it is Friel, more than any other writer under consideration, who demands that we "pay attention to the music"; through him, "the general absence of art music from Irish cultural history is significantly redeemed." This chapter furnishes one of the most potent "a-ha!" moments of the many in the book. In his reading of Translations,White identifies the movement from Yolland and Owen's discussion of placenames to the love scene enacted betweenMaire andYolland as one from"Shavian debate to the passionate declarations of Synge,"while also stressing the "strong continuity" between the scenes. Another suchmoment stands out inWhite's chapter on Joyce, who, with his "thought-tormented music," is deeply reliant upon musical discourse and a remarkable intimacy between music and language."White proves in his examination of "Joyce's goodbye to the good old days of Dublin bel canto in 'The Dead'" that it remains possible to provide a fresh perspective on even the most frequently interpreted of texts. He notes two features of what he describes as the "contrivance" embedded in the narrative: the unlikely deployment of "operatic remembrance" in the story, and also the contrived nature of the movement from arias to "a reliance on music as the definitive conduit of feeling in the story." Yet, it is because of this carefully provided operatic context that "The Lass of Aughrim" can attain "a thematic and emotional intelligibility which is vital to the story." This reading exemplifies the enlargement of our understanding thatWhite's study provides. He enables those of us who are not musicologists to understand Joyce's creation of meaning through "musical synthesis," and to appreciate that in the context of the "long-lamented failure of Irish art music," the contrived juxtapositions in "The Dead"do satisfy "the ambition of Irish opera to effect such a synthesis."Music and the Irish Literary Imagination is, in short, a magnificent book.


In recent years, we have witnessed a growing interest in "green energy". Numerous applications are offered that make it possible to obtain energy from freely available sources, among which photovoltaic panel installations are the most popular ones. Their prices have become so affordable that they are oftentimes installed even in small summer houses. When building such systems, it is important to understand the specific nature of the energy source - a photovoltaic panel or a turbine. One should also bear in mind the challenges faced by the manufacturers of devices powered from such sources.


Plato and Aristotle described a society's leader as naturally selected by Divine Provi dence. They called him a "Prince" or the "Philosophcr King". These characterizations remotely size up Tanzania's Julius Kambarage Nyerere whose rise to prominence is quite fascinating. A "King" he was not. A "Prince" that he was. His own people rendered him great respect and called him "Mwali mu". thc"philosopher", the "thinker". The term "Mwalimu" ordinarily means "teacher" but when reverence is injected into it, it means "thinker" or "philosopher". Nyerere schooled in adulthood and became the first Tanganyikan to earn a Master of Arts degree. He accomplished the feat in 1952 at Edinburgh, Scotland. The five years he spent in colonial Britain were years of genuine universal nationalism. Pan-Africanism was in full swing since 1945 calling for self-determination for African peoples then under European imperialism and colonialism. And, follow ing World War 11 and the formation ofthe United Nations in 1945, the flame ofTanganyika's national ism was lit and Nyerere was its bearer. He led Tanganyika to independence by 1961 and to union with distabilized Zanzibar in 1964 to form the current Tanzania. Nyerere was at the helm in Tanzania for over two decades earning for himself and for his country international respectability and domestic tranquility.


This chapter analyses intra-Catholic debates that no longer held the same political significance for U.S.–Central America relations despite the constant comparisons between the murders of the churchwomen in 1980 and the Jesuits in 1989. It illustrates the conservative Catholics' imprint on U.S.–Central America policy that reached its height with Ronald Reagan but began to disintegrate with the Iran-Contra revelations. It also talks about the minority of conservative Catholics that suggested the murdered Jesuits were Marxist collaborators, which was unlike the attacks on the churchwomen's victimhood. The chapter emphasizes how the conservative Catholics' concerns about liberation theology, the church's direction, and Maryknoll were muted. It cites that the George H. W. Bush administration did not reflect conservative Catholic views or seek to insert itself into intra-Catholic debates over U.S.–Central America relations.


In this paper,thermal insulation coatings (TIC) are classified as obstructing TIC,reflecting TIC and radiating TIC.Based on this classification,advances in development of TIC are discussed,and some suggestions on the development of architectural TIC are also brought forward.


According to the insufficient force analysis of the cable in the process of winch retraction, especially the insufficient research on the flexible cable retraction process such as the UHMWPE cable, the dynamic simulation analysis of the retraction process of the parallel grooved multi-layer drum and UHMWPE cable cable is carried out by using the virtual prototype software ADAMS. The simulation model of the cable is created by using the macro command program, and the virtual prototype model of the cable drum is completed, and the force changes of the cable under different rotating speeds are simulated.The simulation results show that the contact force between the cable and the double winding drum can be quickly stable under the specific load, and with the increase of the rotating speed, the maximum value of the tension change of the cable increases, but it is finally stable at a fixed value. The results can provide some reference for structural strength calculation of cable storage drum, selection of high molecular polyethylene cable and dynamic analysis of cable arranger under load.


Chemical reactions between hydrogen atoms or methyl radicals and hydrogenated {111} surfaces of cubic boron nitride clusters during diamond growth are investigated using the semiempirical molecular orbital method of AM1 approximation. The heat of formation (H.O.F.) estimated at the first stage of growth suggests product formation following the lowest energy path. Also, chemical interactions are discussed based on the calculated electronic energy levels of the fragments of clusters or methyl radicals. The results explain why diamond nuclei grow favorably on {111}B surfaces but not on {111}N ones, and the nucleation of diamond proceeds easily under the influence of alternating charge (+ and -), pulsed positive charge, or positive charge bias to the substrate.