This paper analyzes the causes of the rise of Horqin writers by using the methods of literature research, case analysis and other methods to analyze the geopolitical factors, religious and artistic factors, cultural traditions and inheritance factors of the Horqin writers. The reason for the rise of Horqin writers is of great significance to the protection and inheritance of national culture, which can enrich the connotation of Chinese modern literature. China is a unified multi-ethnic country, ethnic culture unique and unique, rich and colorful, the national characteristics of cultural research and protection is conducive to the system of Chinese diverse and personalized culture presented to the world. The Geopolitical Factors The Horqin Grassland is located at the northwest end of the Songliao Plain, including all the land of Xing'an League and some areas of Tongliao City. Horqin is not only a piece of land rich in resources, but also in the location of the transport hub, from the northeast to the customs, Horqin is the throat to where. The Origin of Horqin. Two thousand years ago, the Qin Dynasty unified six countries, will also be incorporated into the territory of the Qin Dynasty, since then, Horqin will be integrated into the blood of China. In the late period of the Qing Dynasty, it was allowed to 'borrow the land and the people'. From this time onwards, a large number of Han Chinese poured into the grassland, gradually reclaimed wasteland, grazing cattle and sheep, formed a unique blend of farming and animal husbandry culture and open and inclusive, inclusive cultural style. The source of the name of Horqin. In the "Historical Records", once wrote "Yanbei East Hu", which is the initial Horqin grassland records, Zhao Wuling Wang "Hu Fu riding and shooting" is even more that the grassland culture for Chinese impact is so far-reaching lasting. Two thousand years ago, the Qin Dynasty unified six countries, will also be incorporated into the territory of the Qin Dynasty, since then, Horqin will be integrated into the blood of China. Later, Dong Hu, Huns, Xianbei, Wuhuan, Khitan, after the gold, Mongolia, these peoples or countries here to write their own heavy color, leaving a unique grassland culture. At the beginning of the 13th century, Genghis Khan unified grassland. In the Genghis Khan said the emperor, who will be responsible for his camp security guards that archers known as "Horqin" (Horqin in Mongolian is the famous striker means), by his second brother Habutu Hassar for the guard Commander. Later, Genghis Khan achievements dominance, Habutu Hassar responsible for the command of the "Horqin" also by the name of the military institutions gradually evolved into Habutu Hassar belongs to the territory of the generic. And this is the origin of the name "Horqin". Horqin's geographical location and prosperity reasons. The Horqin Grassland is located at the northwest end of the Songliao Plain, including all the land of Xing'an League and some areas of Tongliao City. And Tongliao this "pass" word, not only show the importance of Horqin's geographical location, but also represents the cultural characteristics of Horqin. Writer Cao Baoming said, "Horqin constantly in communication with the outside world, the process of communication, and gradually evolved into today's Horqin, not only openly representative, accessible symbol, it is a synonym for eclectic." Before the mid-Qing, it leads to serious domestic land mergers due to a serious closed-door policy,. Forced by the pressure of life, many farmers choose to reverse the traditional ideas of 2017 2nd International Conference on Education & Education Research (EDUER 2017) Copyright © (2017) Francis Academic Press, UK 201 relocation, away from their own soil, came to the vast Horqin grassland. They used to learn Mongolian language, wearing Mongolian clothes, respect for customary Mongolian customs, to join the Mongolian household registration, reclamation of wasteland, marriage with Mongolian women, etc., the successful integration of together. In other words, a group of people from different places with different experiences of life, after a lot of hardships, in this strange land, strange people among the composition of a different nation. Therefore, the Han Chinese and local residents together create a bright grassland culture. The Religious and Artistic Factors Horqin is not only one of the first places of birth of Shamanism, but also the most widely populated areas of Shamanism. Although later began to have Christian, Lamaism, Buddhism and other different religious beliefs, but the shamanism is always the spiritual pillar of the local people. Here, "An Dai dance", Horqin folk song, the rhythm of the oral impromptu poem "good treasure" to long narrative poem as the theme of "Wu Li Geer" and other traditional music on the Horqin writers have had a profound impact. Shamanism and An Dai. In the eyes of Mr. Wu Bingan "Shamanism in northern China, because of its heavy foundation, in the north of China on the land of wanton growth, spread, variation, tenacious against other religions, desperate to own roots here, the use of everything The survival of the conditions, the formation of its unique culture, spread widely, surviving so far. " The Horqin grassland is not only one of the earliest origins of the Shamanism, but also the most widely populated area of Shamanism. Although later began to have Christian, Lamaism, Buddhism and other different religious beliefs, but the shamanism is always the spiritual pillar of the local people. Here, there is a unique song and dance called "An Dai dance". The traditional An Dai to sing the main, and accompanied by a dance action, is a way to cure. And modern An Dai is out of the purpose of treatment, has become a purely cultural characteristics, absorbing the modern song and dance, the essence of the show, little by little toward the dance, stage, film, television and other aspects of development. An Dai as a religious ritual, has become the past, the new generation of An Dai is the majority of the masses loved the art show. Guo Xuebo repeatedly referred to An Dai, and use this text to describe the Indian: "'An Dai' spirit, 'An Dai' soul, 'An Dai' s transcendental time and time. He only with the desert, green seedlings, Agni, life and death, love and hate, labor and fruit to link together, only to show his all the intrinsic, all the meaning of all the glory, it constitutes the 'An Dai' s soul. This section of the text sonorous and powerful, passionate, people cannot help but think of the vast expanse of the Horqin grassland, people seem to feel the Horqin writer that from the heart of the cry of the power. Grassland traditional culture in the unique artistic factors Shamanism and An Dai dance, with its unique artistic expression of the author had a profound impact. This makes the writers' words seem to be handed down from ancient poetry, like, at the same time with a rare mystery, with a keen charm. The Influence of Folk Opera Form on Writers. Horqin grassland music is vast, vast, high-pitched, each feature is fully demonstrated the minority people hospitality, cheerful, optimistic and optimistic personality. It is not the kind of mildly and elegant Jiangnan minor, nor is it the kind of fresh and refined popular music, it is cry, is anxious is unparalleled clear lofty. Growing in Horqin's writers, under the influence of traditional music, began to write those magnificent poems. They write the text, but also have the same as the music fascinating magic, Smart fast or magnificent. Horqin folk songs, rhythmic verbal improvisation poem "good to treasure" to long narrative poem as the theme of "Wu Li Geer" and other traditional music on the Horqin writers have had a profound impact. Read their works, as in listening to a beautiful melody as beautiful. The influence of folk songs on writers. Horqin folk song has a very long history of long history, folk songs in the genre can be divided into long tone, short tune. Long tone is usually not a lot of words, but also has a long melody of the melody, the sound of high-pitched loud, the rhythm is not a fixed pattern is more free, folk songs in the pastoral area loved by the people so spread a wide range. "I especially love music, whether classical or modern, whether it is Western music or traditional


In this study we examined Japanese firm-level data to test whether increments in intangible assets will leads to differences in productivity growth. Our results show that the marginal contribution of inputs varies a greatly among sectors, industries and depending on firm's size. Therefore, marginal increments in intangibles investments are not always associated with productivity growth suggesting that when intangibles exceed a threshold, additional investments could be inefficient. We conclude that among intangibles, firm-specific organizational capital and advertising are two of the critical factors in determining the productivity growth.


The classical economic production quantity (EPQ) model was developed to manage inventory costs in companies last decade ago. This model is extended in various directions in recent years. The classic EPQ has some unrealistic assumptions. The model assumes that all products are perfect, while the production of defective items is inevitable in the real-world environment. Another assumption relates to the continuous demand satisfaction, which ignores the commonly used multiple shipments policy in practice. Finally, the classic model does not consider the probabilistic breakdown of the machine and the required maintenance activities. The present work aims to develop a new imperfect EPQ model under probabilistic machine failure, corrective maintenance, and multiple shipments policy. Two cases are investigated: 1Considering the production of a fixed percentage of imperfect items 2Considering no production of defective items. Due to the complexity of the problem, a numerical bisection method is utilized to solve the problem and finding the best possible production time. This method's performance is evaluated by comparing it to the obtained solutions by MATLAB optimization toolbox for genetic and simulated annealing algorithms. Sensitivity analysis is performed, and finally, some directions for future research are suggested.


AIDS remains a socially pressing problem in America as in the rest of the world. According to a survey by the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), published in 2009, an estimated 1.1 million people are living with HIV in the US. This paper attempts to establish a specific literary trajectory of AIDS as constituted through genres such as essays, novels, memoirs, short stories, and poems, among others. Further the paper seeks to elaborate how these artistic statements are related, how they articulate an alternative vision about AIDS, and finally, how these texts depict the trials and tribulations of People with AIDS (PWAs). Keeping this as the backdrop, the present paper provides an overview of the following texts: Paul Reed's Facing It: A Novel of AIDS (1984), Larry Kramer's The Normal Heart (1985), Samuel R Delany's The Tale of Plagues and Carnivals (1985), Susan Sontag's experimental short story "The Way We Live Now" (1986), Paul Monette's Borrowed Time (1988), Tony Kushner's Angels in America: Millennium Approaches and Perestroika (1993), Steven Corbin's A Hundred Days from Now (1994), Charlotte Watson Sherman's Touch (1995), Edmund White's The Married Man (2000), and Marvelyn Brown's The Naked Truth: Young Beautiful, and (HIV) Positive (2008), among others.


The book proposes a fundamentally new way of teaching contract law: it simultaneously presents a more systematic and coherent elaboration of contract doctrine than other contacts casebooks and develops a more rigorous interdisciplinary approach to thinking about law generally. The aim of the book is to present a doctrinally integrated, interdisciplinary approach to contract law in a rigorous, open, and systematic fashion. This casebook replaces the conventional approach with an effort to elaborate the doctrinal structure of contract law in an orderly way and, at the same time, to introduce students in a systematic way to a wide range of methods of legal analysis. The materials in the book therefore present a holistic account of contract law, in which doctrines from various areas of the law are linked together, and the relations among them explained. The explanations sound both in traditional doctrinal legal analysis and in ideas taken from economics, sociology, and philosophy.


Purpose of review To briefly review results of the latest research on approaching antenatal maternal anxiety and stress as distinct constructs within a broad spectrum of maternal antenatal distress and the preventive strategic role of the maternal healthcare practitioner. Recent findings Maternal antenatal anxiety and stress are predominant contributors to short and long-term ill health and reduction of these psychological constructs is evident. Anxiety and stress belong to a broad spectrum of different psychological constructs. Various psychometric instruments are available to measure different individual constructs of antenatal maternal emotional health. Using multiple measures within antenatal care would imply a one-dimensional approach of individual constructs, resulting in inadequate management of care and inefficient use of knowledge and skills of maternity healthcare practitioners. A case-finding approach with slight emphasis on antenatal anxiety with subsequent selection of at-risk women and women suffering from maternal distress are shown to be effective preventive strategies and are consistent with the update of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline 'Antenatal and postnatal mental health'. Educational aspects of this approach are related to screening and assessment. Summary A shift in perception and attitude towards a broad theoretical and practical approach of antenatal maternal mental health and well-being is required. Case finding with subsequent selective and indicated preventive strategies during pregnancy would conform to this approach and are evidence based.


Attempts to simulate the human body as a mechanical system traditionally fall into one of two categories, inverse dynamics and forward dynamics, which, as the names indicate, are opposite approaches. The former is sometimes misleadingly termed "static optimization".Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Al2O3/SiC particulate reinforced (Metal Matrix Composites) MMCs which were produced by using stir casting process, bending strength and hardening behaviour were obtained using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique that uses full factorial design. Factor variables and their ranges were: particle size 2-60 μm; the stirring speed 450 rpm, 500 rpm and the stirring temperature 620°C, 650°C. An empirical equation was derived from test results to describe the relationship between the test parameters. This model for the tensile strength of the hybrid composite materials with R2 adj = 80% for the bending strength R2 adj = 89% were generated from the data. The regression coefficients of this model quantify the tensile strength and bending strengths of the effects of each of the factors. The interactions of all three factors do not present significant percentage contributions on the tensile strength and bending strengths of hybrid composite materials. Analysis of the residuals versus was predicted the tensile strength and bending strengths show a normalized distribution and thereby confirms the suitability of this model. Particle size was found to have the strongest influence on the tensile strength and bending strength.


INTRODUCTION:
India is composed of diverse ethnic groups and to do an acceptable orthognathic surgery treatment planning for every group of people is important. This study is a cross sectional study which is a gateway to conclude upon the normal hard tissue values of Tamil Nadu population. These values will give an edge in diagnosis and treatment planning for this prestigious population.
1931 Angles orthodontics - Broad Bent BH, introduced Roentgenographic cephalometry, mainly as a tool to study craniofacial growth and development. Since that time cephalometric analysis have been routinely used to determine the relationships of the dentofacial complex. Cephalograms also helps to determine the changes associated with growth and treatment3.Facial appearance is of prime concern, and hence more people are opting for orthognathic surgery. The successful treatment of the orthognathic surgical patient is dependent on careful diagnosis and planning. Cephalometric analysis can aid in the diagnosis of skeletal and dental problems and is a tool for simulating surgery and orthodontics.
AIMOF THE STUDY:
Is to study and compare, the cephalometric hard tissue profile values and analysis between Tamil and Caucasian population.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To create a better understanding in the facial proportions of Tamil nadu population.
2. To have better diagnosis and treatment planning for orthognathic surgery for Tamil population in Tamil nadu.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was conducted in Ragas Dental College & Hospital Chennai Tamil Nadu. The patients and their attendants who reported to Ragas Dental College & Hospital in the period between 1s t November 2008 to 31s t October 2010 were selected. Sample constituted 54 individuals which included 28 males and 26 females with age ranging from 18 to 35 years were enrolled for the study consecutively who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were selected on the basis of their class I molar occlusions and well balanced facial profile. The adults of Tamil Nadu origin residing in Tamil Nadu were included in the study. Lateral cephalograms were taken for each subject included in study with their consent. A prestructured proforma was used to collect the relevant information and record cephalometric measurements for each subject.
RESULTS:
The present study was undertaken in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ragas Dental College & Hospital, Chennai.
54 individuals (28 males and 26 females) with age ranging between 18 to 35 years were enrolled for the study consecutively. They were selected on the basis of their excellent occlusions angles class I molar relation and well balanced facial pattern. The patients who reported to Ragas Dental College & Hospital, Chennai in the period between 1s t November 2008 to 31s t October 2010 were selected. Sample constituted adults of Chennai origin residing in Tamil nadu. Lateral cephalograms where taken for each subject.
Various angular and linear measurements for hard tissues in both males and females were obtained and were tabulated. All the reading thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Mean, standard deviation and range values were determined for the total sample, male and female groups. The mean and standard deviations of each group and the values originally obtained by Burstone and Legan were subjected to a students t-test using Microsoft Excel program and the level of significance was set at 0.05.
SUMMARY:
The present study was undertaken in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ragas dental college and hospital, Chennai.
Evaluation of cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery for hard tissue for ethnic Tamil population was done on 54 volunteers between 1s t November 2008 to 31s t October 2010 were Selected. The study was conducted with two objectives. Firstly, to determine lateral cephalometric standards of Tamil nadu adult with balanced facial esthetics and normal occlusion using the Burstone comprehensive cephalometric analysis that are specific for orthognathic surgery. Secondly, to compare the mean value of soft and hard tissue measurements obtained with normative standards given by Burstone. There was significant difference in the measurements of given Tamil nadu population and norms for Tamil population was determined. Table 6 shows hard tissue norms. These readings can be used for ethnic Tamil population who is undergoing orthognathic surgery.


A new chromophore, Cl, based on a similar DπA-structure as in the FTC-chromophore but with a hydroxyalkyl spacer perpendicular to the direction of the dipole moment was synthesized. Both chromophores and the CLD-chromophore were used to prepare high T g nonlinear optical vinyl polymers. The influence of the position of the spacer on the DπA-system on the NLO response of the resulting polymers was investigated.


Many researchers have focused on molecular electronics, and this field can progress faster by applying semiconductors to molecular modeling. In this work, two middle rings of a bipyridine–biborinine molecular diode are rotated from 25° to 90° such that the current along the molecule is reduced. The current is minimum and almost zero at 90°, while it is maximum at 25°. Accordingly, considering these two angles, the molecule can act as a switching device when the two middle rings are rotated. The bipyridine–biborinine molecular diode is modeled considering the effect of rotation by including two resistors in the model. Two parallel diodes are used in this modeling for pyridine and borinine rings. The ideality factors of these diodes are varied based on the electronegativity of pyridine and borinine rings. This model is then applied to consider different molecular logic gates such as NAND, NOR, NOT, OR and AND gates, as well as molecular logic circuits (half adder and full adder), using the unique capabilities of the LTspice software.


Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a histological classification of breast cancer, where there is no expression of either the oestrogen or the progesterone receptor and no amplification of the HER2 receptor. TNBC is an important breast cancer subtype as it is aggressive in nature and has a poorer disease prognosis, mainly due to a paucity of targeted therapies. Studies in recent years have tried to elucidate the genetic aetiology of TNBC to better understand the disease and to predict response to treatments based on their genetic profile. TNBC has been shown to be very similar to BRCA1 mutation-associated breast tumours, where it is estimated that approximately 20% of TNBC patients harbour germline BRCA (especially BRCA1) mutations. The contribution of germline mutations in other breast cancer susceptibility genes to TNBC still remains to be determined. Several common and novel breast cancer susceptibility loci have also been specifically linked to TNBC. These findings support the argument that genetic testing should be offered to patients based on the triple-negative phenotype of their breast tumours.

Key Concepts:

TNBC is an important area of study due to the aggressive nature of this tumour subtype and the difficulties in disease treatment.

Women with TNBC have a poorer prognosis due to lack of endocrine therapies.

TNBC has histopathological characteristics similar to BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated tumours, and could have similar molecular aetiology.

Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been associated with up to 20% of TNBC cohorts unselected for family history of the disease.

The contribution of germline mutations in other breast cancer susceptibility genes to TNBC remains to be determined.

Several known breast cancer susceptibility loci have been shown to be specifically associated with TNBC.

Patients with TNBC could benefit from genetic screening of both BRCA genes based solely on the phenotype of their breast tumour.

Keywords:

triple-negative breast cancer;
genetic;
BRCA1 and BRCA2;
germline mutations;
mutation prevalence;
genetic testing;
targeted therapies


Objective: The objective of the method was to develop a new, simple, rapid and accurate spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of trandolapril in bulk and capsules. Methods: Trandolapril reacts with fluorescein to form a charge transfer complex which results in fluorescence quenching of the fluorescein dye. The fluorescence quenching intensity was measured at 515 nm after excitation at 470 nm. Results: Under the optimum conditions, the quenched fluorescence intensity was linear with the concentration of trandolapril in the range of 1.80 – 9.60 mg/mL (4.18´10 −6 – 22.30´10 −6 M) (R 2 = 0.9983) with a detection limit of 0.345 mg/mL. In order to validate the method the results were compared with those obtained by a high performance liquid chromatography method. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of trandolapril in pure form and capsules with good precision and accuracy compared to the reported method as revealed by t- and F- tests. Conclusion: The developed method was simple, fast, accurate and precise. It could be applied for routine quality control analysis of trandolapril in its pure form and in capsules.


The evaluation of training programs in soccer modality in various moments of periodization is important in the sports preparation control process. So in this way, this study aimed to investigate neuromuscular adaptations during strength training in professional soccer game in pre-competitive period. 15 professional soccer players, aged between 18 and 28 years participated of this study. Initially they were submitted to explosive strength test (Squat Jump), speed resistance (RAST) and displacement velocity (10 and 30m). Two evaluations were performed: one in the beginning of the study (M1), and the other (M2) after 12 weeks. In the first 6 weeks speed strength training, in the first 2 with 60% of Maximum Load (ML) and the other 4 weeks with 75% of ML was conducted. In the 6a to 12a weeks, the development turned to maximum strength (85% of ML). After collecting the data were kept in computational bank and then produced information in the descriptive way, by means of centrality and dispersion, and in the inferential, Student t test for paired data (p<0.005). The main results point to improvement in all capacities with emphasis on explosive strength 41.49±0.04cm in M1 to 44.05±3.19 cm in M2, as well as the velocity of 10 meters, 5.22±0.33 m/s in M1 to 5.54±0.33 m/s in M2. There were positive neuromuscular adaptations after the proposed training, indicating that during the studied period, strength work improved athletic performance capacities.


1. Three Approaches to Consciousness and My Personal History 2. Neuroscience and the Design of Educational Places 3. Vision and Light in Architectural Settings 4. Memorials and Sacred Places 5. Memory of Places and Spaces, and the Design of Facilities for the Aging 6. Systems Neuroscience and Building Systems Applied to Workplace Design 7. Methods and Models for Future Research Appendix One: Behavioral Science Research as a Precursor for Neuroscience Appendix Two: The Basics of Neuroscience Appendix Three: A Brief History of Architecture Sources Index


The process of segmenting customers in CRM should take into equal consideration both the companies' and customers' expected value. However, most of the current studies on customer segmentation have focused only on the companies view in terms of profitability. This study focuses on clarifying a problem and proposing a modified view in the customer segmentation step. The authors offer a proposition which is beneficial to both customers and companies, and thus makes the segmentation step more balanced. There is a two-pronged focus on customer segmentation in this study: first, this paper proposes a balanced view considering not only companies' expected value, but also that of the customers'. Secondly, such balanced segmentation will give a more accurate definition of loyal customers for a given company. This new approach can be expected to improve the level of satisfaction and the length of customer retention, and to increase effectiveness in corporate resource allocation for customer target marketing, as well as improve company insight into customer needs and preferences.


NRK cells infected with a temperature‐sensitive, transformation‐defective mutant of avian sarcoma virus (ASV), tsLA23, behaved as if nontransformed at a nonpermissive 40°C and were rendered quiescent by serum deprivation. These serum‐deprived cells were stimulated to start entering S phase about 7 hours after serum addition at 40°C or about 9 hours after shifting the cultures to 36°C, a temperature allowing the production of active viral pp60src and expression of the transformed phenotype. The transit of both serum‐and temperature‐stimulated tsLA23‐NRK cells through later G1 was inhibited by the unrelated calmodulin antagonists W7 and R24571. The former drug was found to block the cells at a point in the cell cycle no more than 2 hours from the G1/S transition. The weaker calmodulin antagonist, W5, was less effective in impairing progression. Thus, calmodulin is likely required for the transit of both transformed and phenotypically normal tsLA23‐NRK cells through the later stages of their G1 phases. Cells neoplastically transformed by ASV contain more calmodulin than uninfected, non‐neoplastic cells. At the nonpermissive 40°C, the calmodulin content of the tsLA23‐NRK cells dropped to the non‐neoplastic level. When these phenotypically non‐transformed cells were enabled to reenter the cell cycle while still in low‐serum medium by a 40 to 36°C shift, they passed through the G1 and S phases and divided without a concomitant rise in the total calmodulin content. Thus, a calmodulin rise does not appear to be required for the expression of one characteristic of transformed cells, i.e., reduced requirement for exogenous growth factors.


Brigham Young University has recently constructed a planetarium with a 38‐ft.‐diameter dome. The facility also serves as a classroom. Since planetariums typically have poor acoustics due to their domed ceiling structures, acoustical recommendations were requested before its construction. The recommendations were made in an attempt to create an acceptable listening environment for lectures and other listening events. They were based in part on computer models and auralizations intended to predict the effectiveness of several acoustical treatments on the outer walls and on the dome itself. The recommendations were accepted and the planetarium was completed accordingly. A series of acoustical measurements was subsequently made in the room and the resulting acoustical parameters were mapped over the floor plan. This paper discusses these results and compares them with the predictions of the computer models.


Genotoxic impurities interact with DNA and may subsequently induce mutations. Olmesartan, is a medication used to treat high heart failure, blood pressure, and diabetic kidney disease. Sodium azide has been used in the process and it is responsible for genotoxic impurities. The limit of genotoxic impurities are very stringent. The aim of this study is to determination of the four-process related genotoxic impurities in olmesartan medoxomil tablet by HPLC. The target was to develop a simple HPLC method instead of highphenated instrument. A gradient program was used to separate four genotoxic impurities. C18 Kromasil (250mm x 4.6 mm) 5 µm column was used. Additionally, a ghost-busting column having dimensions of 50mm x 4.6 mm was deployed. Orthophosphoric acid, in the mobile phase A, was 0.1%. Methanol and acetonitrile were combined in the mobile phase B at a volume ratio of 75:925. There was a 1.0 mL/min flow. A 210nm wavelength was used for analyte detection. Azido methyl impurity, Trityl azide, KL-2 azide, and KL-2 diazide were all found specific and retention times are 11.19, 37.41, 49.16, and 54.19 respectively. Ranges of 0.1741 to 1.1607 ppm, 0.1729 to 1.1525 ppm, 0.1745 to 1.1630 ppm, and 0.1696 to 1.1305 ppm, respectively. The coefficient of determination r was likewise found to be higher than 0.99. The RP-HPLC process is straightforward, reliable, precise, and selective. The ICH criteria were followed in the complete validation of the HPLC method and the validation results show that the method is suitable for usage as intended.


Various semiconductors have been used as photocatalysts for removal of
 different dyes from their aqueous solutions. Zinc sulphide semiconductor is
 used in the present investigation as a photocatalyst for the removal of rose
 Bengal dye. Effect of different parameters, which affect the rate of
 reaction; like pH, concentration of dye, amount of semiconductor and light
 intensity have been studied. A mechanism has also been proposed in which
 hydroxyl radicals are shown as an active oxidizing species.


Оn the basis of the archival documents it is shown, that Oleksij Antepovych in 1900 took part in preparation
of the draft dictionary materials (on М) which were handed in 1902 by the editorial staff of magazine "Kievskaya Starina" to
B.Hrinchenko for fi nal working up.
Keywords: lexiconology, handwritten lexicography, history of Ukrainian lexicography, Kyivska Stara Hromada,
B. Hrinchenko, O. Antepovych.


Carolina de Mello sits across the table from me at a suburban flat in Sydney one afternoon in October 2006. We met two nights before at a forum organised by a local Latin American solidarity network where, as a spokesperson for the Gender Sector of the Movimento sem Terra (MST, Brazil's most prominent agrarian reform movement), Carolina was a panellist along with two other activists from the region. I tell her about visiting MST sites in Brazil and feeling as if the space was often dominated by men. 'Oh yes', she replies.


Purpose – This paper aims to discuss the motivational factors affecting the knowledge sharing through an intra‐organizational social media platform and to answer the following research questions: "What motivates employees to share their knowledge through an intra‐organizational social media platform?"; "What impedes them sharing knowledge this way?"; and "Do these factors differ from those motivational factors regarding knowledge sharing in general?".Design/methodology/approach – The paper approaches the issue from both theoretical and empirical viewpoints. The motivational factors regarding knowledge sharing in general are summed up from literature. The social media platform perspective to the issue is studied by conducting a survey in two companies.Findings – The results reveal that the motivation to share knowledge through an intra‐organizational social media platform is the desire to help the organization reach its goals and helping colleagues, while financial rewards and advancing one's career were s...


Scheduling is an important thing to do when completing a project. But sometimes the implementation deviates from the plan, so it is necessary to supervise and control the project so that the completion of the project is not delayed. Such was the case with the Langsa City Forest Park gate construction project where the completion of this project was pushed back a few days from scheduled. Delays occur due to hampered availability of materials needed, as well as weather and field conditions. So thatthis research was carried out with the aim of knowing the project control method in the Langsa City Forest Park gate construction project and to find out the comparison of project completion time using the CPM method with the Bar Chart method used by CV. Mechanical Structure. This study uses CPM (Critical Path Method) to determine network planning, critical activities, and critical paths, as well as analyze the optimal duration and cost needed for the Langsa City Forest Park gate construction project to avoid delays.  Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, direct observation, and documentation. In this study, it is known that the normal duration of the project is 21 weeks with a total cost of Rp 1,223,049,144.00.  After using the CPM method, it is known that the critical path lies in activities A–C–E–G–H–I–J–K. The project can be completed with a duration of 11 weeks and costs Rp 1,488,737,722.90


The ac impedance spectra of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) cathodes measured under various experimental conditions are analyzed. The measurements were carried out in the presence of large dc currents. The impedance spectrum of the air cathode is shown to contain two features : a higher frequency loop or are determined by interfacial charge-transfer resistance and catalyst layer properties and a lower frequency loop determined by gas-phase transport limitations in the backing. The lower frequency loop is absent from the spectrum of cathodes operating on pure oxygen. Properties of measured impedance spectra are analyzed by a PEFC model to probe the effect of ac perturbation. Comparison of model predictions to observed data is made by simultaneous least squares fitting of a set of spectra measured for several cathode potentials. The spectra reveal various charge and mass-transfer effects in the cathode catalyst layer and in the hydrophobic cathode backing. Three different types of losses caused by insufficient cell hydration, having to do with interfacial kinetics, catalyst layer proton conductivity, and membrane conductivity, are clearly resolved in these impedance spectra. The data reveal that the effective tortuous path length for gas diffusion in the cathode backing is about 2.6 times the backing thickness.


Interest in developing a new generation supersonic transport has increased in the past several years. Current projections indicate this aircraft would cruise at approximately Mach 2.4, have a range of 5000 nautical miles and carry at least 250 passengers. A large market for such an aircraft will exist in the next century due to a predicted doubling of the demand for long range air transportation by the end of the century and the growing influence of the Pacific Rim nations. Such a proposed aircraft could more than halve the flying time from Los Angeles to Tokyo. However, before a new economically feasible supersonic transport can be built, many key technologies must be developed. Among these technologies is noise suppression. Propulsion systems for a supersonic transport using current technology would exceed acceptable noise levels. All new aircraft must satisfy FAR 36 Stage III noise regulations. The largest area of concern is the noise generated during takeoff. A concerted effort under NASA's High Speed Research (HSR) program has begun to address the problem of noise suppression. One of the most promising concepts being studied in the area of noise suppression is the mixer/ejector nozzle. This study analyzes a typical noise suppressing mixer ejector nozzle at take off conditions, using a Full Navier-Stokes (FNS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code.


INTRODUCTION Recently, in the known areas of the oil and gas industry, the state of the raw material base is characterized by steady production decline due to a long-term exhaustion involved in the commercial development of oil and gas fields, and putting into operation almost 100% of new deposits can be grounded only by sedimentary-migration theory of hydrocarbons origin. In Ukraine, it is, unfortunately, impossible to solve this problem by concentrating the forces and resources on the development of traditional oil and gas facilities, because of their complex structure, small sizes and considerable depths. Taking this into account, the solution for such a critical situation can be found through new technological methods, commercially available and economically feasible approaches, modified methods of industrial development of unconventional exploration objects, in particular impact structures. The firsts attempts on studying the oil and gas objects in crystalline rocks and impact structures in Ukraine were initiated by V.B. Porfiriev, V.A. Krayushkin, V.P. Klochko and A.E. Lukin, starting from the 60s of the twentieth century and were aimed at the investigation of the nature and peculiarities of the oil and gas capacity of impact structures and possible conditions for oil and gas accumulation in the above crateral and under crateral fractured zones of the impact structures. According to the American Academy of Sciences, only since 1980 the US government has provided УДК(553.98:550.812):551.439 (477)


Image inpainting is an important research topic in image processing and computer graphics, etc. Its objective is to restore the lost information or remove the unnecessary object according to around image information, which can be used to restore old photo, remove text and conceal errors in videos. However, previous algorithms are not to be perfectly performed. In this paper, a new image inpainting algorithm based on nonparametric kernel estimation is presented. From a statistical point of view, the inpainting can be viewed as an estimation problem with the missing data. Firstly, an initial value was estimated by using the known information as Taylor expansion at the missing point. And then a cost function was obtained by utilizing a Gaussian kernel function to penalize the estimate error. Finally, the missing data are restored through minimizing the cost function. Experimental results show that the proposed method can mend a large variety of images effectively and robustly.


Abstract The Diels–Alder reaction was exploited for the preparation of novel long-wavelength chlorin photodynamic therapy photosensitizers. The styryl group and furan carboxamide substituents were used as diene components in [4+2] cycloaddition functionalizations.


PO BOX 747 A positive electrode for an alkaline battery of the present FALLS CHURCH, VA 22040-0747 (US) invention includes a spinel-type manganese oxide as a posi tive electrode active material, wherein the spinel-type man (73) Assignee: HITACHI MAXELL, LTD., ganese oxide has a potential of 0.26 to 0.34V with respect to Ibaraki-shi (JP) a Hg/HgO reference electrode, and the content of the spinel type manganese oxide in the entire positive electrode active material is not less than 30 mass %. Further, an alkaline (21) Appl. No.: 12/188,036 battery of the present invention includes the above-described positive electrode for an alkaline battery of the invention, a (22) Filed: Aug. 7, 2008 negative electrode and an electrolyte.


In order to optimize the cost of multicast tree,reduce the handover latency under mobile IP environment,a distributed algorithm called BNSBMR(Bone Node Set-Based Multicast Routing Algorithm) is designed in the paper.The algorithm depends on the idea of bone node set,which leads to lower tree cost and handover delay.Moreover,a distributed method is introduced to implement BNSBMR,by which the algorithm can be efficiently used in large size network.Experiment simulation results show that distributed BNSBMR can greatly optimize the multicast tree much more than other mobile IP algorithm according to cast and delay.


We study a process of pattern formation for a model of species anchored to the nodes of a network, where local reactions take place, and that experience non-reciprocal long-range interactions. We show that the system exhibits a stable homogeneous equilibrium whenever only local interactions are considered; we prove that such equilibrium can turn unstable once suitable non-reciprocal long-range interactions are allowed for. The instability, precursor of the emerging spatio-temporal patterns, can be traced back, via a linear stability analysis, to the complex spectrum of an interaction nonsymmetric Laplace operator. Taken together, our results pave the way for the understanding of the diversity of behaviours found in many ecological, chemical and physical systems composed by interacting parts, once no diffusion takes place.


This study reports the use of contingent removal of protective equipment to reduce the severe head-directed self-injurious behavior of an 8-year-old boy with autism. Treatment was initially implemented in a highly controlled environment, and was then generalized to the participant's classroom, residence, and following his discharge, to his home environment. The treatment effectively reduced self-injurious behavior to near-zero levels. Systematic fading of the protective equipment was started but not completed due to his previously-planned discharge. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective
To investigate the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), which is dominated by nurses, on depression in patients with acute leukemia.

Methods
Patients with acute leukemia admitted to the Department of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were evaluated with a rapid depressive symptom (QIDS-SR16) self-rating scale. Patients with a score higher than 11 were psychiatrists from the Shanghai Mental Health Center. Interviews and Hamilton Depression Rating (HAMD-17) assessment and clinical stereotype examination (SCID-I) diagnostic screening were performed. Patients with significant depressive symptoms who met the inclusion criteria were included (without considering DSM-5 diagnosis for depressive disorder). The computer random number method was assigned to the control group (group C), the therapist-led group CBT group (group T), the group CBT group with the nurse as the main body and therapists as the supervisors (group N). The group C was given the conventional method and the group T and N was given the standardized group CBT once a week for 8 weeks. Interviews were performed at baseline (before intervention), 4 weeks, and 8 weekends to assess the HAMD scale score.

Results
Finally, 90 patients were enrolled, 30 in each group. At the end of the 4th week, the HAMD scale score (22.60±2.71) in the group T was lower than that before the intervention (25.77±2.93), and lower than the group N (24.57±2.82) and the group C (25.90± 3.88), the difference was statistically significant (t=5.395, 7.473, P<0.01 or 0.05). At the end of the 8th week, the group T (21.00±2.18) and the group N had a HAMD scale score (19.30±2.45) lower than the pre-intervention (25.77±2.93, 25.90±3.26), and were lower than the group C (24.80±3.56), the difference was statistically significant (t=6.192, 7.323, P<0.05 or 0.01).

Conclusions
CBT can improve the anxiety and depressive symptoms of patients with acute leukemia, and it is worthy of popularization and application.

Key words:
Nurses; Cognitive-behavioral therapy; Acute leukemia; Depression


Purpose Graft rejection is one of the major causes of corneal transplant failure after keratoplasty, especially in case of an ocular or systemic inflammatory disease. To reduce the patient's immune reaction against the corneal allograft, topical or systemic immunosuppression is a clinical necessity. This talk provides an overview of the benefits of systemic immunosuppression and of its indications.


Abstract In the last triennium two International Schools for Young Astronomers took place in 2004 and 2005, respectively in Morocco and Mexico.


Functional amide based copolymer/clay nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ radical-initiated interlamellar copolymerization from acrylamide and citraconic anhydride monomers in the presence of organically modified montmorillonite (O-MMT) clay. To investigate...


The peak of virtual reality offers new exciting possibilities for the creation of media content but also poses new challenges. Some areas of interest might be overlooked because the visual content fills up a large portion of viewers' visual field. Moreover, this content is available in 360° around the viewer, yielding locations completely out of sight, making, for example, recall or storytelling in cinematic Virtual Reality (VR) quite difficult.


This  text presents  an  alternative method of imprisonment called Association of  Protection and Assistance to  the Convict  (APAC), which  for  the  past  seven  years  has successfully been implemented as a policy tool in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. The policy has established itself, becoming an NGO managed by a civil society group, a gathering of  religious laypeople. Actually,  there  are  108 APACs, which  similarly  to common  prisons, manage  private  criminal  sentence  in Brazil. The APAC method  relies on Catholicism as an  instrument  to help rehabilitate the inmate, in such a way that it acts like a penal therapy. "Every man  is bigger  than his mistake"  is  the core  in which relies the belief  in the prisoner recovery. For his creators the objective of  his methodology is to "kill the criminal and save the man". The main objective of  this article is, thus, to rise and formulate the questions that until now confgures the research about APAC. Before, one presents the method and then, makes a bibliographic  trajectory by means of   the contributions of some  theoreticians whose  contributions  have lightening  the criminological, psychotherapeutical and theological dimensions of  this issue.


Duck meat is not preferred because its off -odor. Its off -odor is caused by lipid oxidation which preventable by antioxidant. Beluntas has antioxidant and anti nutrition. This research was designed to know the level of beluntas and feeding duration on performance, chemical, and duck's meat off odor. Beluntas was given to 108 culling ducks, about 12 months old. The research used a completely randomized design with 3 x 3 factorial models, with 3 replicates. The factors were diff erent levels of beluntas (0%, 1%, and 2%) in the ration, and feeding duration of each ration (3, 5, and 7 weeks). The data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's test. The results showed that no interaction was found between the two factors. Beluntas did not aff ect duck's performance. Feeding duration of each ration aff ected the fat and fa y acid content (P<0.01) and TBARS (thiobarbituric reactive subtances) value of the meat with skin (P<0.05). Beluntas level at 1% increased C18:0 (P<0.05) and total (C18:2 and C18:3) (P<0.052). Beluntas levels at 1% and 2% reduced (P<0.01) duck's meat off -odor and increased (P<0.05) consumers preference. This research concluded that the inclusion of 1% beluntas for 3 weeks was eff ective to reduce duck's meat off -odor without negative impact on performance.


The utility model relates to a self-test sealing high-pressure water injection packer, which belongs to the petroleum exploitation underground tool field. The packer comprises an upper joint, a central pipe, an upper sealing device, a locking device, a lower sealing device and a lower joint. The upper joint and the lower joint are respectively connected on the upper end and the lower end of the central pipe in a threaded way. The upper sealing device, the locking device and the lower sealing device are sequentially equipped on the outer side of the central pipe between the upper joint and the lower joint. The packer provided in the utility model can perform water injection in a high-temperature high-pressure condition. Meanwhile, the packer can achieve a self-test seal after a pack.


The formation mechanism of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in general, and of ∼ 10 9 M ⊙ ?> SMBHs observed as luminous quasars at redshifts z > 6 ?> in particular, remains an open fundamental question. The presence of such massive BHs at such early times, when the Universe was less than a billion years old, implies that they grew via either super-Eddington accretion, or nearly uninterrupted gas accretion near the Eddington limit; the latter, at first glance, is at odds with empirical trends at lower redshifts, where quasar episodes associated with rapid BH growth are rare and brief. In this work, I examine whether and to what extent the growth of the z > 6 ?> quasar SMBHs can be explained within the standard quasar paradigm, in which major mergers of host galaxies trigger episodes of rapid gas accretion below or near the Eddington limit. Using a suite of Monte Carlo merger tree simulations of the assembly histories of 40 likely z > 6 ?> quasar host halos, I investigate (i) their growth and major merger rates out to z ∼ 40 ?> , and (ii) how long the feeding episodes induced by host mergers must last in order to explain the observed z ≳ 6 ?> quasar population without super-Eddington accretion. The halo major merger rate scales roughly as ∝ ( 1 + z ) 5 / 2 ?> , consistent with cosmological simulations at lower redshifts, with quasar hosts typically experiencing ≳ 10 ?> major mergers between 15 > z > 6 ?> ( ≈ 650 Myr ?> ), compared to ∼1 for typical massive galaxies at 3 > z > 0 ?> ( ≈ 11 Gyr ?> ). The high rate of major mergers allows for nearly continuous SMBH growth if (for example) a merger triggers feeding for a duration comparable to the halo dynamical time. These findings suggest that the growth mechanisms of the earliest quasar SMBHs need not have been drastically different from their counterparts at lower redshifts.


Oligomeric nitrilase was fused with an amphipathic self-assembly peptide 18A at the C-terminus and expressed in Escherichia coli. The fusion enzyme spontaneously assembled into active aggregates with >90% native nitrilase activity. Much higher specific activities than the native nitrilase (Nit) were recorded for the fusion nitrilase (Nit-SEA) at higher temperatures. The enzyme aggregates were purified through cell lysis and centrifugation led to the facile preparation of immobilized particles (Nit-iSEA). Approximately 86% of the initial nitrilase activity was incorporated into the Ca-alginate entrapment beads. The thermostability of the four kinds of different nitrilase variants showed that the Nit-SEA and Nit-iSEA at 45 °C were about 6.7- and 10-fold more stable than the native nitrilase. The nitrile tolerance was also dramatically improved, no apparent substrate inhibition was observed for Nit-iSEA over the range of 30 to 120 mM mandelonitrile. Additionally, the Nit-iSEA could be recycled 20 times with ∼5% loss in activity.


This paper reports on oriented poly(vinyl alcohol)/single-walled carbon nanotube (PVA/SWNT) tapes that were prepared by a mild processing route, involving the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent. Composite films with homogeneously dispersed SWNTs were cast from solution and drawn into oriented tapes using solid-state drawing. The obtained tapes showed the extraordinary reinforcing effects of the SWNTs, as the addition of 1.0 wt% SWNTs tripled the tensile strength of the PVA tapes. Micromechanical analysis showed that the nanotube contribution to the composite strength was as high as 88 GPa, which is very high when compared to other data reported in the literature, and for the first time begins to exploit the theoretical strength of nanotubes.


It is a typical metropolitan custom to view Qianjiang tide in the Song Dynasty. Viewing tide has transformed from the literati's aesthetic object to literati's spiritual sustenance, which reflects the literati's mentality in the special period. According to Ci poets, the tide, from initial painting of pure scenery, and representation of folk custom, has become a means to express their lofty sentiments, and the ideal sustenance of their unrealized aspiration.


The utility model relates to a constant steam injection valve, and pertains to oil well steam injection tools. The oil well adopting fixed construction in steam injection has the shortcoming of incorrect open area adjustment. Therefore, the utility model includes an upper contact, a central body, a outer barrel, an adjustable valve, a spring, a gland, a sealing body, an adjustable ring, an adjustable screw, an automatic adjustor outer bushing and an automatic adjustor. The upper contact (1) is provided with a vapor lock (14) therein and is connected with the central body (2). The upper contact is connected with the gland (8) and the adjustable ring (11) outside in order. An automatically adjustor outer bushing (4) is positioned between the central body (2) and the outer barrel (3). The automatic adjustor (5) is arranged below the automatic adjustor outer bushing and is connected with the adjustable valve (6). Two ends of the spring (7) are blocked on the steps of the adjustable valve (6) and the central body (2). The sealing body (9) is positioned between the gland (8) and the adjustable ring (11). The outer barrel (3) is provided with through holes (13) distributed evenly. In work, the utility model could guarantee the consistency of the steam injection flow amount and the correctness of the steam injection unit amount, inject into the middle and low filter layers and improve the oil well output, with the advantages of simple structure and convenient usage.


The new technology of snow salt is researched in this paper,under the conditions which the temperature of crystal saturation brine is 82℃,feed brine is 60℃,the flux of overflow brine is 2.5×10~(-3)m~3/h,the pnoduct of snow salt is dried under room temperature with 48 hours and the stacking density of the product is 440kg/m~3.The theory of salt crystal is discussed at the same time.The snow salt with better snowflakes structure and less stacking density is got in this research.


Whenever coercive means are used by police officers, their use is subject to control. If the inquiry shows that force was misused, proceedings are launched with a view to punishing individuals responsible for such unlawful acts. Timely and scrupulous measures against unlawful use of coercive means are of vital importance for both resolving the actual case and maintaining the public respect for police. .


About 40,000 babies are born each year in the U.S. with a congenital heart defect (CHD), representing one in 110 births. Due to improved pediatric medical care and the success of surgical repairs, 90% of these babies are living to adulthood. In fact, there are more than 2 million people in the U.S.


The teaching of engineering should have the objective of providing a meaningful, contextualized and oriented learning for the use of contemporary technologies. It should also favor the use of intelligence resources, generating skills in solving problems and conducting projects in the various segments of th eproductive sector (Moura, Barbosa, 2014). In this context, the following work was carried out in the classroom by students of the Mechanical Engineering degree at the federal university of Pará for the metal machining subject, with the objective of obtaining new knowledge in the área of machining as well as the stimulus to create new technologies, solving problems inherent to everyday life. This activity resulted in the prototype of a 100% hand crafted and fully functional drill capable of drilling holes in cardboard and Wood of thinthicknesses such as ice cream sticks and thin plywood, with good ergonomics and easy handling.


In this study, we discussed sustainability of habitation in the historical preservation areas by comparative analysis between preservation districts for groups of historical buildings and non-registered districts. Actual situation of preservation and habitation in historical districts were analyzed by 103 respondents of the two-type questionnaires and by fieldworks and interviews at 7 areas. Though historical preservation districts have the advantages for community design over the other districts, they have similar problems in continuation of habitation of ordinary declining towns and villages. We considered general, singular and local solutions for sustainable livability in the districts.


We present a two-dimensional dynamical model for melt extraction from a mantle plume. Mantle material rises at constant velocity Wo until it reaches a depth at which melting begins. The flow in the melt zone above this depth has the form of a stagnation point flow. Melt migrates through the unmelted matrix in response to the total nonhydrostatic pressure gradient, which is the sum of contributions from the deformation of the matrix and the buoyancy of the melt. Melt extraction is modeled as a melt flux through the upper surface of the melt zone. Our main conclusions are as follows: (1) The nonhydrostatic pressure gradient associated with the deformation of the matrix is small relative to the buoyancy of the melt everywhere within the melt zone, and the melt migration within the plume obeys Darcy's law. The rate of melt extraction from a mantle plume is therefore controlled by the buoyancy and viscosity of the melt itself, and not by the viscosity of the matrix. (2) Melt extraction from a plume occurs over an area comparable to that of the plume itself, and about 60–80% of the melt generated within the plume is extracted. Both the geometry and rate of extraction predicted by the model are consistent with observations in the Hawaiian Islands. (3) Layers of segregated melt (magma chambers) are likely to form at the the base of the lithosphere under intraplate volcanoes.


FOREWORD In 1987 the international community agreed to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The adoption of the Protocol heralded a new era of global environmental responsibility and resolute action. Overwhelming scientific evidence of depleting stratospheric ozone layer and associated negative consequences motivated countries to take decisive steps to phase out the consumption and production of ozone depleting substances used in important economic sectors. Now, after 25 years, the Montreal Protocol is hailed as the most successful environmental agreement. The implementation of the Montreal Protocol resulted in enormous sustainable human development benefits. The analysis of positive synergies—winning strategies for the environment, equity and human development (UNDP Human Development Report, 2011) 1 revealed that the Montreal Protocol is an excellent example of win-win-win strategies of integrating environmental and equity concerns while promoting human development. Lessons of the Montreal Protocol will be extremely valuable in devising the most effective ways in tackling climate change. Important success factors of the Protocol include among others the embedded principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, the existence of sound technical and scientific assessments to inform decisions and establishment of a dedicated financial mechanism, the Multilateral Fund (MLF) for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol. It is also important to note that the political will as well as science and technology came together to solve the issues of ozone layer depletion and the universal ratification of the Protocol indicates worldwide commitment to its implementation. The industry /private sector had a critical role and have been committed to find alternatives for applications which spread to many important sectors of the society, covering construction sector, building and house air conditioning, household appliances, food storage and transport refrigeration, medical aerosols, agriculture and fire fighting. UNDP is privileged to have had the opportunity to contribute to the global success of the Montreal Protocol and stands ready to continue its support to the developing countries to meet their obligations under the Protocol and at the same time assisting countries to move towards an inclusive and green development path.


Abstract We have recently reported the introduction of a carbon-carbon double bond into a wide variety of 5-n-alkyl-2-(4-n-alkoxyphenyl)pyrimidines to produce the corresponding alkenyloxy derivatives. The position and nature (E/Z) of the double bond were varied systematically and the effect on the liquid crystal transition temperatures studied. The position and nature (E/Z) of the double bond changed the conformation of the alkenyloxy chain substantially. This resulted in higher smectic C and nematic transition temperatures for compounds with a trans-double bond (E) at an even number of carbon atoms from the molecular core. Significantly lower transition temperatures (including the melting point) were observed for materials with a cis-double bond (Z) at an odd number of carbon atoms from the molecular core. We have now performed the same operation on the related 2-(4-n-alkylphenyl)-5-n-alkoxypyrimidines to produce the corresponding alkenyloxy derivatives. An interesting feature of the new results is the h...


The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different olive leaf extracts (OLE) from different leaf growing stages on human carcinoma cell lines. OLE were tested in human carcinoma cell lines in vitro and cells were plated in 96-microtiter culture plates for each OLE concentration. Fresh (F) and freeze-dried (FD) leaves exhibited phenolic compounds in the range of 2.09 ± 0.10 to 8.44 ± 0.64 and 7.72 ± 0.56 to 24.65 ± 1.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g leaves, respectively. OLE from several Portuguese olive tree cultivars were found to inhibit the growth of human carcinoma cell lines in a range of 2.09 - 8.44 μg phenolic compound/well (209 - 844 μg/ml) and 0.07 - 2.40 μg phenolic compounds/well (7 - 240 μg/ml) for fresh and freeze-dried leaves, respectively. Young (Y) leaves have revealed the highest cell growth inhibition ranging from about 95% for Cobran?osa, followed by 90% for Cobran?osa, 90% for Arbequina and 75% for Arbequina for cell lines A549, HeLa, A431 and OE21, respectively. The lowest cell growth inhibition (35%) was observed for Galega (Y) leaf extract on cell line A549. However, FD samples exhibited a distinctive pattern since cell growth inhibition was highest at highest extract dilution tested, for A431 (Galega Y) followed by A549 (Cobran?osa Y) with cell inhibition of 75% and 70%, respectively. The data presented in this work strongly suggest that OLEs inhibit the growth of human carcinoma cell lines.


When patients with glycogen storage disease due to de branching enzyme deficiency are fasted, an age-related tolerance to fasting can be demonstrated: the tendency for hypoglycemia which is seen in young infants (< 5 years of age) gradually disappears at older age (> 15 years). In order to explore whether this age-dependent phenomenon was due to: 1. impaired mobilization of fatty acids, patients were given long-chain triglycerides (LCT), dose l g. kg body weight orally, 2. impaired transport and/or activation of fatty acids, patients were given medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), dose l g. kg body weight orally. In the group of very young patients (< 5 years) a striking improvement after MCT was demonstrated: all patients ( n=5) were able to endure the maximal duration of the test ( 6h) , instead of 9 0± 3 0 min in the fasting test, or 150± 3 0 min after LCT. This improvement is due to an increase in ketogenesis in the first hour after MCT administration 2. 4 ± 0. 5 mM ketone bodies in blood after MCT, 1. 3 ± 0. 8 mM after LCT and 1. 1± 0. 7 mM during fasting. The increased ketogenesis after MCT has a glucose-sparing effect and therefore prevents the development of hypoglycemia in the very young children as can be deduced from the change in blood glucose concentration in the first hour of the tests: +0. 1± 1. 0 mM glucose after MCT, -1. 6± 0. 8 mM after LCT, and -1. 6± 1. 3 mM during fasting. We conclude that in young children the age-related hypo glycemia probably is due to deficient activation and/or transport of long-chain fatty acids in the mitochondria to maintain adequately high rates of ketogenesis. Their keto genesis, which is insufficient, can be stimulated by MCT.


Klutuk banana fiber was a high enough one to maked the utilization of
banana klutuk be shredded. But the need for the addition of animal food for nutritional
balance shredded it necessary efforts to diversify by adding commodity marine fish
were mackerel and squid. The purpose of this study was to determine the best ratio of
shredded banana klutuk and sea water fish species which used to be obtained shredded
with good characteristics and can be accepted by consumers. The benefits of this
research is to increase the processed product diversification of banana klutuk marine
fish and provide information to the public about the process of making shredded
banana klutuk.

The research methods were carried out consists of the preliminary research
is the analysis of raw materials and primary research is to determine the ratio of
banana klutuk and fish used. The draft analysis conducted was a randomized block
design (RAK) to factor used is the ratio of banana klutuk (A) and marine fish species
of fish (B). The draft response on the study include chemical responses that the levels
of protein, fat and water content, organoleptic response to the color, flavor, aroma and
texture.

The results showed that the ratio of banana klutuk and fish species was real
impact on the levels of protein, fat, water, flavor, color, aroma, texture and interaction
comparison banana klutuk and marine fish specied was real impacted on the level of
protein, fat, water, color, texture but did not significantly affect the taste, aroma. Based
on the best sample selection, the selected product obtained is treated a2b1 which is the
ratio of banana (70:30) and the types of marine fish (mackerel) with 24.06% protein
content, fat content and moisture content 8.00% 13.07%.

Keywords: Comparison of banana klutuk, marine fish species, shredded meat


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To contrive the reduction of smearing arising in a slide type thin film magnetic head for performing azimuth recording and reproducing in a helical scanning system and to contrive the reduction of smearing arising in a polishing stage for polishing a slide type and a floating type thin film magnetic heads. SOLUTION: The thin film magnetic head A, B or C for reading information by moving relatively to a magnetic recording medium, having a magneto- resistive element 14, is provided with a base body 2, a lower part shielding layer 12 formed on the base body, a lower part insulating layer 13, the magneto- resistive element 14, an upper part insulating layer 15 formed on the magneto- resistive element 14 and an upper part shielding layer 16. And a middle part insulating layer 14C is formed in a position in the same film face as the magneto-resistive element 14 for equalizing the interval between the upper part shielding layer 16 and the lower part shielding layer 12 in the vicinity of the magneto-resistive element 14.


Strength of encryption algorithm is based on statistical performance of the bits key stream. Generate high quality key stream is a difficult task, which decides the level of security provided by the encryption algorithm. This paper propose two main directions to deal with the biometric features of human voice: first it focuses on how to extract good features that lead to produce encryption keys of lengths 128, 196, and 256 bits that have randomness characteristics, and secondly: how to generate a new encryption keys (18 new key each of 108-bits), only from 12 biometric voice features through a proposed random numbers generator. Statistical performance was performed to make sure that the random key sequence, which was generated in this paper have noise like characteristics to prove the importance of the features that were extracted from the signal of human voice, and how to deal with it. All keys that were used, passed successfully the randomness NIST tests (National Institute of Standards and Technology).


This paper reports the results of a major study of the impact of international agricultural research, covering eleven crops in all major regions of the developing world, over the period 1960-2000. Although much of the "common wisdom" concerning the Green Revolution suggests that gains from research were limited to rice and wheat in Asia and Latin America, we find evidence of far broader impacts, extending essentially to all crops and regions. There are important differences, however, in the extent of these impacts. We explore these differences and assess the overall impact of research-driven improvements in technology.


An increasing number of municipalities are striving for energy autonomy. This study determines in which municipalities and at what additional cost energy autonomy is feasible for a case study of Germany. An existing municipal energy system optimization model is extended to include the industrial, commercial and personal transport sectors. Multiple regression methods are benchmarked in order to identify the model best suited for the transfer of individual optimization results to a large proportion of German municipalities. The resulting levelized cost of energy (LCOE) from the optimization of representative case study municipalities are transferred using energy-relevant indicators. The study demonstrates that energy autonomy is technically feasible in 6,314 (56%) municipalities. Thereby, the LCOEs increase in the autonomous case on average by 0.41 €/kWh compared to the minimum cost scenario. Apart from energy demand, base-load-capable bioenergy and deep geothermal energy have the greatest influence on the LCOEs. Overall, it appears that municipal energy autonomy is not economically viable under current framework conditions. This study represents a starting point for defining possible scenarios in studies of future national energy system or transmission grid expansion planning, which for the first time consider completely energy autonomous municipalities.


Epidemiologic studies have shown an association between dietary fish oil and decreased risk of coronary disease. This benefit may stem from fish oil's


Joan Garfield is Professor of Educational Psychology at the University of Minnesota. She is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association, a Fellow of the American Educational Research Association, and a recipient of ASA's Founders Award. She received the United States Conference On Teaching Statistics Lifetime Achievement Award in 2007. The following interview took place via email on October 16 – 26, 2011.


Objectives The UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT) previously piloted an assessment of 'online confidence', where candidates were asked to indicate how confident they were with their answers. This study examines the relationship between these ratings, the odds of receiving an offer to study medicine and subsequent undergraduate academic performance. Design National cohort study. Setting UK undergraduate medical selection. Participants 56 785 UKCAT candidates who sat the test between 2013 and 2016 and provided valid responses to the online confidence pilot study. Primary outcome measures Two measures of 'online confidence' were derived: the well-established 'confidence bias', and; a novel 'confidence judgement' measure, developed using Item Response Theory in order to derive a more sophisticated metric of the ability to evaluate one's own performance on a task. Regression models investigated the relationships between these confidence measures, application success and academic performance. Results Online confidence was inversely related to cognitive performance. Relative underconfidence was associated with increased odds of receiving an offer to study medicine. For 'confidence bias' this effect was independent of potential confounders (OR 1.48, 1.15 to 1.91, p=0.002). While 'confidence judgement' was also a univariable predictor of application success (OR 1.22, 1.01 to 1.47, p=0.04), it was not an independent predictor. 'Confidence bias', but not 'confidence judgement', predicted the odds of passing the first year of university at the first attempt, independently of cognitive performance, with relative underconfidence positively related to academic success (OR 3.24, 1.08 to 9.72, p=0.04). No non-linear effects were observed, suggesting no 'sweet spot' exists in relation to online confidence and the outcomes studied. Conclusions Applicants who either appear underconfident, or are better at judging their own performance on a task, are more likely to receive an offer to study medicine. However, online confidence estimates had limited ability to predict subsequent academic achievement. Moreover, there are practical challenges to evaluating online confidence in high-stakes selection.


Chemical andelectrophoretic analyses ofthe serum proteins havebecomeroutine diagnostic investigations in many hospital laboratories. The albumin/globulin ratiodecreases ina variety of disease conditions, including liver diseases, the nephrotic syndrome, proteinmalnutrition, myeloma,etc.Itistherefore very importantthatthe normalvariations inthealbumin-globulin ratio shouldbewellunderstood ifseriouserrors in interpretation are tobeavoided. Routine analyses ofserasenttoour laboratories atIbadanhavemadeitapparenttous thatthe distribution ofalbumin andglobulin intheserum ofapparently healthy adultNigerians issign-ificantly different fromthatgenerally accepted as normalinEuropeans. Inmostofthese sera we findthatratio depressed, which inmany casesmay beless than1,andyetwe can find no other evidenceofany ofthose diseases which aregenerally believed to cause a depressed albumin/globulln ratio. We therefore decided tocarryouta study oftheserum proteins ofhealthy adult Nigerians witha viewtoestablishing normalvalues forthe local population. Thefollowing communication isa record oftheresults.


Abstract Geographers and other research workers have investigated the functions of central places as market centres and transport nodes in some depth. The same is not true of the administrative function, some aspects of which are investigated in this paper, with reference to the location of administrative towns and the spatial pattern of administrative districts.


A striking thesis in the 'Mating Mind' (Miller, 2000) is that humans became brainy through sexual selection. An examination of the various processes that Miller identifies leads to the conclusion that his arguments do not support this thesis.


The work reported in this thesis is a n experiment performed using the tagged photon facility at the Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory. Results were obtained due to the collaboration of the University of Saskatchewan, Trent University and the University of Melbourne. The goal of the present experiment was to study the reaction mechanisms involved in the absorption of photons by nuclei in the energy range E, = 60 to 140 MeV. For the photon energy of 64 MeV the 160(?, P)15 Ng.=reaction cross section was measured. A description of the process in terms of a direct knockout formalism was inadequate to explain the magnitude of the measured cross section. The inclusion of twebody meson-exchange-currents in the calculation was found to give a much better fit to the data. Of particular interest for this experiment was the study of the absorption of a photon on a correlated proton-neutron pair for the photon energy range E, = 100 to 140 MeV. The two-nucleon absorption mechanism is dominant in this photon energy range. The reaction stxdied was L60(y,p)14&,l,2,... Having sufficient experimental energy resolution to determine the population to discrete states in the residual 14N nucleus provided information on the quantum numbers involved in the twenucleon absorption mechanism. Also the large continuum yield at excitation energies larger than 20 MeV compared to the yield below 20 MeV is seen as evidence that short range nucleon-nucleon correlations play a significant role for the two body reaction mechanism in the photon energy region studied. To complement the present study of absorption mechanisms, a previous rneasurement performed by the author in 1990 is contained in Appendix B. This inclusive measurement of the l2C(y,p) reaction was also carried out using the tagged photon facility at the Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory. Photoproton spectra were obtained for the photon energy range from 177 to 217 MeV at the laboratory angles 8, = 51°, SlO, 109O and 141'. When the inclusive proton spectra were plotted as a function of momentum, structures indicative of both the quasideuteron (QD) and the quasifree pion production (QFPP) reaction mechanisms were exhibited at the forward angles. At the backward angles the structure of the proton spectra was found to exhibit characteristics arising primarily from the QD reaction mechanism. This is an important feature not previously observed for photonuclear reactions on light nuclei. The inclusive proton spectra are compared to the results of a QD model calculation for a photon energy of 21"MeV where the two-nucleon absorption peak was not obscured by the proton detection threshold inherent for the charged particle detectors used in this measurement. Some of the results of this inclusive measurement given in Appendix B are discussed in Chapter 2 and the conclusions are stated in Chapter 6.


PURPOSE: A method for preparing a prostaglandin derivative and its stereospecific starting material are provided, to improve the production yield by employing a stereospecific starting material and increasing the yield of the esterification of terminal carboxylic acid. CONSTITUTION: The stereospecific starting material is represented by the formula 3a, wherein Y' is Br or I; and R'' is a hydroxy protecting group. The method comprises the steps of converting the alkyl halide containing 15S-alcohol of the formula 3 into its cuprate, and preparing the compound of the formula 4 by the 1,4-addition reaction of the cuprate with α,β-unsaturated ketone; reducing the ketone of cyclopentanone in the compound of the formula 4 with metal hydride of large spheric hindrance to obtain the α-alcohol compound of the formula 5; and deprotecting the cyclopentanone and the alcohol protecting group of ¥o -chain in the compound of the formula 5, to obtain the compound of the formula 1, wherein R' is an alkyl group of C2-C4, a phenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group of C1-C5, an alkoxy group of C1-C4, CF3 or an aliphatic acylamino group of C1-C3, a five- or six-membered heterocycle containing at least one hetero atom selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, a cycloalkyl group of C3-C7m or a cycloalkenyl group of C3-C7; X is CH2, O or S; Y is a leaving group; R'' and R2 is a hydroxy protecting group; and R1 is H or an alkyl group of C1-C5.


Films of a block copolymer fluid are deposited on surfaces bearing nano-stripes of different wettability (see figure). The dewetting process of the fluid decodes the underlying pattern, opening trenches as narrow as 70 nm in the film, and creating fluid nanoribbons as narrow as 300 nm. The fluid ribbons are stabilized by the internal organization of the copolymer in the confined space of the ribbon.


In financial stock market, final prices modify day-to-day at the end of each meeting. These modifications occur because of many issues that disturb the prices of the stocks. In our implementation, we used K-means algorithm to accurately calculate final prices by applying a data mining methodology. We examine and identify the most influential factors of Dubai Financial Stock Market prices. The main aim of this process is to help depositors to plan their future stock chances precisely. Two algorithms are used in this method i.e. supervised and unsupervised algorithms.It provides an efficient mechanism for the highly available CPU intensive process of big data analysis with help of cloud computing framework for analyzing and predicting the market closing values on the basis on external factors.


The invention relates to a method for determining at least one in an automatic motor vehicle transmission input side effective drag torque (M In order to determine thereby be able to carry out regardless of the transmission type, also the motor vehicle transmission is shifted to Neutral (S2) and the calculated at least one drag torque (M In this case, a first gradient (n .G a transmission input speed (n (n .G the transmission input speed (n Furthermore, the invention relates to a drive train of a motor vehicle, a computer program product and a computer program product comprising data carrier.


Machine learning has been widely used for large data processing with varied scope of application aspects. In this paper machine learning is used to determine the size of air bubbles that can be generated in an optimal condition of various parameters such as gas flow rate, water temperature and operating pressure of the system. Air bubbles have significant role to play when it comes to water treatment. Bubbles having significance in volume are proportionally valued when it comes to extent of treatment. The research concludes with a conceptual model influenced by machine learning approach that can estimate best combination of the parameter that are feasible for generation of most efficient generation.


Purpose of this work is to analyze the different strategies which the Veneto region can effect in view of the incoming month of July 2011.
Just in this period of time, proposals will be presented, studied and compared with all the sector representatives. Proposals which will have to be turned into actions and norms with the new CAP 2013-2020. We have started from an analysis of the CAP, from its foundation in 1957 till nowadays, pointing out the historical changes and consequently the economic sceneries of Italy and of the European Unity, to handle then, listening to all the categories, none excluded, which deal with this field, the problem of the quality products, and of their market, the climate changes, the biodiversity, the public administration, the research and the environment, acknowledging that the farmer category has the lowest income both in Italy and in the European Unity and above all on this point we have to work. What we have mentioned above, has to be the subject of coordination between the objectives of "Europe 2020" (intelligent, sustainable and included growth) and the funds and the directives of the new CAP 2013-2020. As a matter of fact, the Veneto region has to dispense and distribute its assigned funds, according to the local problems, mainly taking into consideration of its diverse territorialities, but with the duty to follow the European laws.


Abstract: This chapter presents an overview of spun yarn hairiness and its reduction. First the factors influencing yarn hairiness are discussed. Then the different hairiness testing and evaluation methods are compared. The importance of yarn hairiness from spinning, weaving, knitting and fabric quality viewpoints is incorporated, and yarn hairiness modelling is discussed in brief. Finally, the manufacturing methods and systems for yarn hairiness reduction are covered in detail with special focus on compact spinning, jetring and jet-winding technologies.


Microstructural instabilities occurring in two new generation single crystal nickel-based superalloys containing additions of both Re and Ru have been characterised by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Cellular colonies develop in the MC632 experimental alloy at subgrain boundaries with misorientations higher than 10°. The role of these microstructural instabilities in the mechanical behaviour was investigated. After creep at high temperature microcracks are observed at the limit of the cellular colonies but these defects are not more frequent than those initiating from micropores or within the dendrites. As only a low volume fraction of γ-γ' alloy is involved in this transformation, the influence of this phenomenon on the alloy creep strength is negligible. Secondary reaction zones (SRZ) were observed beneath Pt-modified aluminide coating in the MC544 superalloy. EBSD analysis clearly demonstrated the polycrystalline structure of these SRZ. Despite the presence of internal grain boundaries, the SRZ are not preferential sites for premature failure initiation. However, the stress-rupture life is adversely affected by the reduction of the load-bearing section of safe γ-γ' alloy. The decrease of low cycle fatigue (LCF) strength observed at 650°C for coated MC544 compared to the bare alloy was mainly attributed to premature crack initiation within the aluminide coating and not from the SRZ. During LCF tests at 950°C of coated MC544, numerous cracks also initiate from the aluminide coating but then remain restricted to the SRZ area. The failure initiates at internal casting porosities. The slight LCF strength reduction observed in these conditions was attributed to the load bearing section reduction of unaffected γ-γ' alloy.


This study estimates shortrun and longrun elasticities for agricultural inputs, along with elasticities of substitution, using a theoretically consistent restricted profit function and a series of decomposition equations. The model is also disaggregated on the input side, uses a flexible functional form, incorporates the effect of agricultural policies, and introduces a weather index. The methodology is applied to the central Com Belt States and is used to calculate the effect of market-oriented policies to reduce chemical input use. The study finds that producers' responsiveness to price changes of fertilizer and pesticides is very small in the short run and moderate in the long run. Ad valorem taxes would have negligible shortrun and small longrun effects on chemical input use while restructuring Federal programs appears to be effective in the long run.


In this paper we discuss six different methods to introduce a shape/skewness parameter in a probability distribution. It should be noted that all these methods may not be new, but we provide new interpretations to them and that might help the partitioner to choose the correct model. It is observed that if we apply any one of these methods to any probability distribution, it may produce an extra shape/skewness parameter to that distribution. Structural properties of these skewed distributions are discussed. For illustrative purposes, we apply these methods when the base distribution is exponential, which resulted in five different generalizations of the exponential distribution. It is also observed that if we combine two or more than two methods successively, then it may produce more than one shape/skewness parameters. Several known distributions can be obtained by these methods and various new distributions with more than one shape parameters may be generated. Some of these new distributions have several interesting properties.


In this paper, a novel method for simultaneously registering multiple images acquired from different imaging modalities is presented. The optimal alignment is computed as the set of transformations that minimize the dispersion of the multi-dimensional joint phase moment distribution. Dispersion is measured as the cumulative quadratic orthogonal distance between samples from the joint phase moment distribution and the corresponding multi-dimensional fitted hyperline. The proposed method is designed to be computationally efficient, robust to signal non-homogeneities and noise, and maintains internal consistency amongst all images. Experimental results using real-world medical and remote sensing images show that the proposed method achieves a high level of registration accuracy when simultaneously registering multiple multimodal images.


1. The open cavity reduced pressure treatment system for providing reduced-pressure treatment of the patient's body, comprising: a therapeutic device comprising encapsulated elongate elements, each of which has an inner part with the elongate member and the trunk has a fenestration adapted to provide fluid flow between the outer encapsulated surface elongated elements and the inner part, and the central connecting member having a connecting magist cial element which is fluidly connected to each elongated main member, the central connecting element has a first side and a second, inwardly facing, side, main road, intended to be placed adjacent the first side of the central connecting element and adapted to distribute a reduced pressure to the central connection member sealing element adapted to receive a portion of the patient's epidermis and operable to form Hermetic second seal over the body cavity, reduced-pressure delivery conduit, a source of reduced pressure for creating a reduced pressure and is fluidly connected to the conduit delivery of reduced pressure, iinterfeys reduced pressure, intended to be connected to the sealing member and adapted to be fluidly compound pipeline delivery of reduced pressure from magistralyu.2. The system of claim 1, wherein the elongate elements comprise encapsulated first encapsulating elongated


High-frequency bands such as millimeter-wave and terahertz require narrow beams due to path loss and shadowing. Beam alignment (BA) methods allow the transceivers to adjust the directions of these beams efficiently by exploiting the channel sparsity at high frequencies. This paper investigates BA for an uplink scenario, where the channel between the user equipment (UE) and base station (BS) consists of multiple paths. The BS wishes to find the best beams with a given resolution while using the least number of time slots. At each time slot of the BA, the UE transmits a BA packet and the BS uses hybrid beamforming to scan its angular region. To minimize the expected BA duration, a group testing framework is devised, and the associated novel analog and hybrid BA strategies are described. Simulation studies show the performance improvement both in noiseless and realistic 5G mm Wave BA settings.


The authors have succeeded in isolating a biologically-active leukemia virus from leukemic tissues of AKR mice with a fluorocarbon. From the chemical analysis of the biologically-active virus fraction it has been clarified that the AKR leukemia virus is of the RNA type.


This paper introduces a T-shaped piezoelectric vibratory MEMS energy harvester. The prototype measurement results clearly demonstrate that the T-shaped harvester can achieve higher normalized power efficiency by a factor of 1.95 in comparison with the conventional piezoelectric harvester. Since the magnitude of harvested voltage in this type of energy harvesters is only a few millivolts, utilizing the traditional power electronic components is impractical. Thus, in this paper we also propose a highly efficient power management system without requiring external bias voltages. The numerical simulation illustrates that our proposed power management system can rectify and boost the harvested voltage up to 5V. In order to keep the output voltage on the load side at a stable level, a JFET transistor is utilized as a voltage limiter. Thus, the processed output voltage cannot exceed 4V even if a higher harvested voltage may be produced by the harvester.


This study aims to improve the ability to listen to stories and activeness of third grade students at SD Negeri 03 Makamhaji Sukoharjo by using storytelling methods in learning Indonesian. The subject of the action research was the third grade students of SD Negeri 03 Makamhaji Sukoharjo totaling 30 students, the perpetrators of the action were researchers and teachers. Data collection methods using the method of observation, tests. Data analysis techniques used by using quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques which include data reduction, data display, verification. The results showed an increase in the ability to listen to stories and student activity. Increased ability to listen to stories can be seen from the results of tests conducted from pre-cycle to cycle II, namely the results of pre-cycle ability to listen to the stories of 20% of students who are complete, cycle I 69% of students who are complete, cycle II of 82% of students who are complete. Increased student activity can be seen through student observation sheets which are observed at each meeting in accordance with predetermined indicators namely students pay attention to the teacher's explanation, ask questions, be enthusiastic and write activite. Every meeting indicates that students have increased every indicator of student activity. The conclusion of this research is that the use of storytelling method can improve the ability to listen to stories and the activeness of students of class III Indonesian language material at SD Negeri 03 Makamhaji Sukoharjo in 2019/2020


It is shown that it is possible to use microelectrodes to develop a number of strategies for the measurement of silver electronucleation kinetics at the molecular level. The direct measurement of individual events and therefore stochastic deterministic growth of the centres allows determination of an accurate value of the arrival time of the first nucleus. The distribution of these arrival times follows the simplest model of a pure birth process with identical rate constants for all the aggregation steps.


Local adaptation is important evolutionary process leading to adaptive population differentiation. Currently, examining its genetic basis is a major goal of evolutionary and ecological genetics. In my thesis I studied local adaptation and its genetic basis in populations of a perennial outcrossing model plant Arabidopsis lyrata by combining common garden experiments at the native field sites and in controlled conditions with quantitative trait locus mapping. Estimates of fitness in the field – both at the level of multiple components as well as hierarchical total fitness – showed that populations of A. lyrata were locally adapted. The studied populations were also phenotypically differentiated in ecologically relevant traits. Different components of fitness were important for the advantage of the locals depending on the environment. Local alleles were associated with high fitness in the field, suggesting that differing directional selection pressures have been involved in phenotypic differentiation. Mostly different genomic regions governed local adaptation in different environments, but the results also suggested that some of these regions could involve rarely documented fitness tradeoffs (antagonistic pleiotropy). Loci governing flowering time differentiation differed between the studied environments, highlighting the need to conduct experiments both in the wild and in controlled conditions. In contrast to most existing studies, F2 hybrids in general had surprisingly high fitness at one study site, largely due to beneficial dominance effects at loci governing survival in that environment. In addition to nuclear genes, cytoplasmic genomes also were found to have a role in local adaptation.