This paper examined dynamic characteristics of high speed trains using a time varying frequency transform. Fourier transform based methods are frequently used for the calculation of the dynamic characteristics of trains in the frequency domain, but they cannot represent the time-varying characteristics. Therefore it is necessary to examine their characteristics using a time-varying frequency transform. For the examination, the non-stationary vibration of wheelset, bogie, and carbody are measured using accelerometers and stored in a data aquisition system. They are processed with localization of the data by modulating with a window function, and Fourier transform is taken to each localized data, called the short-time Fourier transform. From the processed results, time varying auto-spectral density, cross-spectral density, frequency response, and coherence functions have been calculated. From the analysis, it is confirmed that the time varying frequency transform is a useful method for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of high speed trains.


Abstract As is well known, various methods have been proposed for determining the optimum vulcanization of rubber. These methods depend either upon physico-chemical examination or upon mechanical tests. In routine control the mechanical method of determination is used for the most part, because it requires but little time, and in addition this method has the advantage of showing directly by mechanical tests whether the vulcanizate being tested passes the requirements or not. The results obtained by this method frequently do not agree with those obtained by other methods. Of the many common methods of testing, determinations of the tensile strength and of the ultimate and residual elongation are the methods most frequently used. These three properties are measured simultaneously by one determination with the apparatus in most widespread use, i. e., the Schopper and the Scott machines. In special cases the resistance to abrasion, bending strength, hardness, and other properties are determined in addition. C...


Monodispersed layered double hydroxide (LDH) spheres with a hierarchical structure have been synthesized via a facile ultrasound-assisted method. The as-obtained 3D LDH spheres present excellent and durable performance for the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from aqueous solutions.


In 2008, Google site users accessed the expanding features of Google Maps to produce geographic images that challenged the traditional mass media and interpreted the presidential election through the depiction of alternative forms of data. These new media maps of the 2008 election demonstrated the varying levels of inventional freedom that individuals enjoy with new media technologies. When considered as rhetorical objections constructed by new media users, these maps constitute a collective social statement about the responsiveness of the electoral process to the act of voting.


Abstract. To realize the quasi-quantitative Schlieren measurement of the shock train structure across the cylindrical isolator in the supersonic flow field, based on the theory of Schlieren measurement and light transmission, we propose the design scheme of conformal windows and discuss the machining feasibility with the window's parameters. The relationship between the Schlieren imaging effect, the deflection of parallel light in the Schlieren apparatus, and the conformal optical window aberrations was researched, putting forward the optical simulation model of the conformal optical windows and the quasi-quantitative Schlieren measurement. Moreover, considering the actual wind tunnel test conditions, under the speed of Mach 2 at the isolator's inlet, the distortion brought by conformal optical windows in the Schlieren observation region was simulated by the computational fluid dynamics method. Finally, the image correction algorithm for the distorted picture caused by the conformal windows was presented, and the quasi-quantitative Schlieren measurement through the conformal optical window pair was conducted for the experimental verification. The results reveal the quasi-quantitative Schlieren measurement effect across the high-precision conformal optical window pair of the cylindrical isolator, providing guidance on maintaining the balance between the manufacturing feasibility and the observation performance of conformal windows.


Researcher and policy makers perform many of the survey techniques for collecting data to identify their findings and decisions. The aim is to demonstrate a tool TDG that generates the synthetic dataset for researchers and policy makers where initials estimates are not available. In this paper we are discussing the approaches & key issues in generating the synthetic dataset using TDG ensuring researcher & policy maker need not to go to the actual data.


We describe an approach to the coordination of application systems based on the modelling and maintenance of inter-system dependencies expressed as data constraints together with update propagation rules. These dependencies are specified by a Coordination Model which comprises a Coordination Interface for each application system together with a global Coordination View. A Coordination Interface describes local object types relevant for system-wide coordination. The Coordination View describes the subsystems, their globally important object types and the relationships between those object types. Additionally, the Coordination View specifies actions to restore global consistency in the event of constraint violations, thereby providing system coordination. Specifically, we describe how this approach has been adopted in a prototype Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) system based on the coordination of CIM subsystems. In this CIM system, the Coordination Model is specified using the NIAM data model.


There will never be a study to determine for once and for all and for all conditions that grazing is more or less profitable than conventional dairy farming in the humid part of the US. This is because the "state of the art" allows some practitioners of each strategy to be successful. Secondly, management continues to be the single most important factor determining business success in farming (and in many other businesses too). We can see the evidence of the importance of management everyday.


To the Editor: We intentionally read the article "Systolic Blood Pressure and Mortality in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: Results of a Nationwide Italian Study" written by Losito and colleagues with interest. They concluded that there was a complex relationship between blood pressure (BP) and mortality in this population. They defined the demographic and dialytic characteristics of a group of patients with an inverse relationship between postdialysis systolic BP and mortality. Hypertension is common among patients with chronic kidney disease and often remains poorly controlled in hemodialysis patients. However, in the absence of prospective data, accurate assessment of BP and the level to which BP should be targeted still remain to be defined. Dry-weight reduction by additional ultrafiltration combined with daily dietary salt restriction or individually lowered dialysate sodium is recommended. Strict volume control allows marked reduction of antihypertensive drug treatment or makes it even unnecessary. We think there is a complex relationship between BP and mortality in dialysis patients. If strict volume control can be made, BP can be reduced without antihypertensive drug treatment. Disclosure: There is no conflict of interests.


In hydrocarbon reservoirs, log analysis and core measurements provide the fundament for water and hydrocarbon saturation evaluation. In mixed mineral formations containing clay and metallic minerals, the electrical resistivity logging tools used for water saturation calculations are significantly affected due to the conductive nature of these minerals, which could result in an inaccurate saturation profile. In this study, we extend Archie's equation for water saturation calculation in the Lower Cretaceous marly chalk formations in the Danish North Sea. Using Hashin-Shtrikman bounds, we investigate the phase mixing in the formation, providing a consistent and practical method for saturation evaluation in a mixed mineral heterogeneous formation containing conductive minerals.


This paper investigates various problems associated with the parameter specification for material requirements planning (MRP) in a typical ERP system. The choice of a suitable MRP procedure and its parameters can reduce excessive quantities of materials and, consequently, cost. The proposed approach is dedicated for MRP procedure based on the forecasting of material demand and inventory that can be obtained with the use of techniques for nonlinear function identification, such as fuzzy-neural system and neural networks. An example is presented which compares the different forecasting models for material demand and inventory.


In the process of shield machine tunneling, the interaction between cutter head and soil is very complex. In order to meet the requirements of tunneling, the cutter head was designed according to the construction conditions of Tianjin metro and the Archimedes spiral layout method. The granite model and cutter head model were respectively established by the ABAQUS. The granite model was based on the classic Drucker - Pragel model, and the failure criterion including element deletion function was employ to simulate the yield and failure of rock. The force of the cutter head under cutting condition was analyzed. The results show that the maximum equivalent stress of the cutter head is 8.216950 MPa, and the allowable stress of the cutter head material is 230 MPa, which was less than the allowable stress of the cutter head. The results indicated that the cutter head can meet the actual work requirements and has high structural reliability. The research process of cutter head arrangement provides a method for solving practical engineering problems, and the numerical simulation results provide a reference for the design of cutter head.


This paper outlines the advantages to be gained from the use of a honeycomb type grid system as a reinforcing media for pavement systems and presents results from a full-scale laboratory investigation in which three-dimensional grid cells provided reinforcement to a base layer. A geotechnical testing facility incorporating a servo-controlled hydraulic actuator, capable of applying monotonic and repeated loading patterns, was used to carry out plate bearing tests on a full scale pavement. Tests were conducted on a number of unreinforced and reinforced arrangements in which the effectiveness of the subgrade and base layer overlaid, as required, with precast paving blocks, placed on a regulating course, was investigated. The soil pressures were measured by pressure pads placed in, and under, the grid cells, and the displacement of the pavement throughout each test was monitored at a number of locations. The results of this investigation demonstrate clearly that grid cell reinforcement improves the load distributing characteristics of the base layer, and is effective in reducing the permanent displacement of the structure. It may, therefore, assist in providing economical, easily constructed, and effective pavements.(a) for the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 815528.


Explaining WTO Negotiations by Domestic and International Factors : Review of Da Conceicao-Heldt, Eugenia (2011) Negotiating Trade Liberalization at the WTO: Domestic Politics and Bargaining Dynamics


A new method for reconstructing the boundary of impenetrable two-dimensional objects, based on the generalized multipole technique (GMT), is presented. The coefficients of multipole sources are obtained from a set of measurements in the near-field region, and then, the shape of the object is determined through the constraint of the tangential E-field boundary condition for TM polarization.


In the process of realizing software-based radar, digital-to-analog converter plays an important role. It is the only bridge connecting analog world and digital world. It is a vital step of radar signal entering digital processing. Therefore, the performance of ADC will have a direct impact on radar signal processing, the process of detection and estimation, and play an important role in software radar implementation. This paper analyzes and evaluates the effect of the speed and accuracy of the digital-to-analog converter on the subsequent radar signal processing. Data simulation using MATLAB software to simulate ADC sampling, quantization process in a series of performance indicators, Focusing on the analysis of the impact of digital-to-analog conversion in the process of quantization noise and clock jitter on radar systems, including the impact on the signal to noise ratio, the impact of the range of the power of radar. Finally, the correctness of the theory is verified by simulation analysis.


Nonlinear equations of motion for fish-robot have been derived based on two basic behaviors, swimming and orientating. By incorporating the fish-tail mechanism and autonomous underwater vehicle-like dynamics model, the fish robot motion and maneuverability are developed in earth-fixed frame motion. A nonlinear H∞ robust controller for swimming, orientating, and tracking control of the fish robot is developed. Simulation results demonstrate excellent maneuverability and tracking performance of the fish-robot in two-dimension motion, which shows effect of the nonlinear H∞ robust control against ocean's current turbulence.


The invention discloses a method for engineering device electrical parameter protection. The method comprises a data modification storage step and a data recovery step. In the data modification storage step, electrical parameter information confirmed to be successfully modified is stored respectively in a local backup storage mode and in a remote server storage mode. The data recovery step comprises the following substeps: when an engineering device recovers to work after power down, the electrical parameter information stored in a remote server is taken to serve as working parameters stored when the engineering device is subject to power down or the electrical parameter information stored in a local backup is directly taken to serve as working parameters stored when the engineering device is subject to power down. Therefore, the method effectively overcomes the shortcoming that data recovery cannot be performed quickly after power down and the engineering device cannot work normally in the prior art.


We aimed to investigate the topographic correspondence between deep‐layer microvasculature dropout (MvD) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defects in eyes with open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A).


The invention discloses an object display method in a three-dimensional scene, which is used for displaying a highly-simulative three-dimensional object in the three-dimensional scene by using an entity picture in place of the conventional model technology, and belongs to the technical field of computer graphic virtual imaging. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, taking pictures of the object in an equant and surrounding mode according to an observation angle and an actual rotation angle in the actual three-dimensional scene and making an outer part of a profile of the object transparent; then, calculating according to different visual angles and displaying by using correct pictures, and three-dimensionally processing the pictures by using a billboard technology, an alpha transparency technology and a deep buffer technology; and finally, tilting the pictures according to calculated axial tilt angles for displaying center distance relations of the pictures and the visual scene, and placing the pictures in the three-dimensional interactive scene to display by using the billboard technology. By using the method, the reality of a model in the three-dimensional scene can be effectively improved, the model manufacturing time is effectively shortened by using a picture taking mode in place of modeling, and the technical complexity is reduced.


This report investigates wholesale as one of the main service industries in the European economy. Wholesale is the resale of new and used goods to retailers, industrial, commercial, institutional or professional users, or to other wholesalers on their own account or for third parties. It plays a pivotal role in the European Single Market by bridging national markets and connecting producers, retail trade and industrial demand across Europe. Wholesale employs about 10 million persons in the EU-28 and accounts for a share of 7-9% in total employment in most EU Member States. The share of micro and small enterprises is considerably higher than in manufacturing. The sector reveals considerable heterogeneity in terms of firm size, productivity and profitability across EU Member States and wholesale sub-sectors. Moreover, the report sheds light on the integration of the wholesale sector in value chains with upstream manufacturers and downstream retailers, and on the role of technology and innovation in wholesale.


A series of alkaline or/and alkalineearthpromoted, carbonsupported ruthenium catalysts have been prepared N2 physisorption, CO chemisorption and Xray diffraction were carried out to investigate the effect of promoter on the surface area, pore size distribution and ruthenium dispersion of catalysts The activities of the series catalyst for ammonia synthesis were measured under the reaction condition 430?℃, 100?MPa and 10?000?h-1 It has been found that the effectiveness of alkaline or alkalineearthpromoter is roughly related to the basicity of alkaline metal hydroxide or alkalineearth metal oxide For the singlepromoted Ru/C catalyst, cesium and barium proved to be most effective in the alkaline and alkalineearth promoter Bariumpromoted Ru/C catalyst was more effective in ammonia synthesis than cesiumpromoted Ru/C catalyst Barium was suggested to have a stronger interaction with the Ru surface than cesium For the doublepromoted Ru/C catalyst, the activity of the catalyst was affected remarkably by the method of preparation Barium and cesium promoter in 4?w% RuBaCs/C were impregnated by two steps method, barium was impregnated first, after reducing treatment at 400?℃, cesium was impregnated again The catalyst of 4?w%RuCsBa/C was prepared from impregnating cesium first barium later by two step impregnation The catalyst of4?w% Ru(Ba+Cs)/C was prepared from coimpregnation the mix aqueous solution of barium and cesium by one step method The result showed that the activity of 4?w% RuBaCs/C was higher obviously not only than 4?w%Ru(Ba+Cs)/C, but also than 4?w% RuCsBa/C Because barium and cesium competed adsorption during theprocess of preparing the doublepromoted Ru/C catalyst, that would influence the surface distribution of barium and cesium promoter and ammonia synthesis activity of the Ru/C catalyst


ABSTRACT Soil nutrients and their stoichiometry are important indicators of nutrient biogeochemical cycles and various ecological processes. Soil nutrients are heterogeneously distributed and can be influenced by plants through litterfall and root activity. To explore the associations between soil nutrients and relationships between soil nutrients and plant characteristics, we selected three canopy tree categories based on abundance as dominant, common, and rare, with different plant sizes based on DBH (diameter at breast height, cm) for each species from three 1 ha tropical forest sites (Bu-Beng, P55, and Na-Ban-He forests), and collected the topsoil (0–10 cm) for physiochemical analysis. The results showed that soil nutrient concentrations were significantly different among the three forest sites. For soil total C, N, and P associations, soil total C and N had significant associations at all three sites; however, the associations of soil total C-P and N-P varied among sites. The plant category had significant relationships with soil stoichiometry, whereas plant size had significant relationships with soil nutrient concentrations; these relationships varied among the three sites. The results indicate that soil nutrient heterogeneity is influenced by tree category and size. Future studies should include a larger sample size to further validate these results.


The contribution made by accountancy historians to the historiography of imperial over-rule underlines the need for attention to financial records. This is especially true for the example of Northern Nigeria, where Lugard's successors initiated consolidated tax assessment based on wealth and administration of emirate finances through treasuries. The economic and political results of this decentralization were expansion of personnel and emoluments, confusion over funding for central and provincial departments and financial underpinning for regional autonomy.


Three improvements for the Hybrid Ill dummy parts are proposed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); they are the neck shield, hip joint, and ankle joint. In this paper, two modifications of the three, the neck shield and hip joint, are evaluated. The recommended neck shield was tested and compared to the previous type to investigate the following: (1) The effect of the neck moment on both the recommended and previous type; and (2) the comparison between the stiffness of the neck shield and human soft tissue under the chin, using a volunteer static test. From these tests, the new recommended neck shield performed better than the previous type with respect to both biofidelity and the effect on the neck moment test. The neck shield for the 5th percentile female was also considered. The hip joint recommended by NHTSA was compared with the modified joint and pelvis proposed by Toyota. It was found that the NHTSA's recommended hip joint eliminated the hip lock due to metal-to-metal contact. It was also found that the maximum rotation angle of the NHTSA's recommended hip joint was less than that of the hip joint and pelvis proposed by Toyota. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD E201376.


It's old saying that helping others is the source of happiness. The characteristic of teachers is a typical position to help others. How is the effect of teachers' organizational citizenship behavior on psychological well-being, whether teachers could find the pleasure in this position same as the old saying? Besides, most studys adopted social network as the mediate on psychological well-being. This study is to explore the effect of pet owner as one of social network. After literature review, pet owner could form the sense of safty and intimacy and offer social support such as concern, valuable, and the feeling to be loved. It is worth to explore the influencial mechanism. This study is to use the data of Taitung Teachers Census in 2008. This study demonstrates that the effect of social network on psychological well-bing is larger than social economic status. Teachers could promote themselves psychological well-being by improving social network. It is worth to notice that pet owner could retard the feeling of melancholy. In addition, in terms of organizational citizenship behavior, teachers have more advantageous school and peer behavior, and they could increase their achievement. If teachers spend more time improving their teaching behavior after class, they could increase the feeling of melancholy as well as their achievement, and decrease the interpersonal isolation. Therefore, this study approximately supports the saying that helping others is the source of happiness.


The germanium nitride and InP nanowires were grown using the pyrolytic decomposition products of hydrazine (N2H4), which was containing 3 mol.% H2O. In a separate set of experiments the quartz microbalance was used to study the interaction of water containing hydrazine with Ge sample in the temperature range of 450-650°C. It was established that up to 500°C only water molecules interact with Ge, forming volatile suboxide GeO. At higher temperatures GeO molecules and nitrogen precursors, produced after decomposition of hydrazine, form crystalline Ge3N4 nanowires on the Ge surface. Analysis of thermo-chemical reactions reveal that in the presence of water molecules and nitrogen precursors the formation of nitride is thermodynamically favourable than the synthesis of germanium dioxide. When InP was annealed in hydrazine at 440°C the water molecules were producing volatile In2O. After reaching the Si substrate these molecules were interacting with phosphorus vapor, producing InP nanowires.


Summary form only given. We investigate the energy band diagrams and electric field distributions of polymer light emitting diodes under low injection conditions. The metal is modeled by a fixed chemical potential whereas the polymer is described by the Brazovskii-Kirova continuum model. We consider bias conditions for which there is a depleted region in the center of the device. The two contact regions, which are separated by the depletion region, are each considered to be in thermal equilibrium. However, equilibrium is not established between the separated contacts. We calculate the distribution of excitations as a function of position, bias potential and the confinement parameter. Injected or photogenerated carriers form a bipolaron lattice in the vicinity of the interface with bipolaron density decreasing progressively away from the interface. At a characteristic penetration length the bipolaron density goes to zero. In addition, we calculate the total charge and capacitance of the contact area as a function of the confinement parameter. The results are interpreted in view of capacitance measurements as a function of voltage and frequency.


Background: Prevention from caries is a principle in dentistry and fissure sealant therapy is being used as a preventive method success of sealants is directly depending on their retention. Aim: The Aim of the present study is to evaluate effects of enamel preparation on sealant retention. Settings and Design: Clinical trial. Materials and Methods: About 57 children aged 6-8 year old took part in this study. 200 first molar teeth of these children has been randomly separated into two groups: A case group (Mechanically preparation of enamel) and a control group (conventional method, without preparation). After applying fissure sealants children were followed up 6 months later. Statistical Analysis Used: Mann- U- Whitney Test was used. Results: Complete retention after 6 month follow up was 86.7% in case group and 82.8% in control group. No significant difference was seen between the groups after 6 month follow up. (P = 0.508). Conclusion: Although statistical evaluation didn't show significant difference, but sealant retention was more after preparation technique.


Aiming at the possible failure of present combined fault location method due to the low locating precision and large fault area division of its impedance method,an improved single-end fault location method is proposed,which combines the impedance method based on distributed parameter model and the traveling wave method together. It is implemented on the hardware platform of high-precision fault recording and locating system. Tests are carried out on the RTDS test platform and by the test device of traveling-wave based protections. Results show that,the proposed method has better locating precision,stability and robustness. The causes of its locating error are analyzed.


Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and its relationship of male patients with plastic and cosmetic operation.Methods Clinical data of 1238 male patients aged 8~80 years for plastic operation in our hospital during the period from January,2000 to December,2007 were analyzed Results The number of male patients with plastic and cosmetic operation has kept rising over the past years.The percentage of male patients population in all patient with plastic and cosmetic operation was increased.The most common underlying operation in the 25 years group were congenital malformations.The most common underlying operation in 26~49 years group were cosmetic and anti-aging operation.The most common underlying operation in over 50 years group were masses operation.Conclusion The critical factor of gaining the ideal results is to identify the character of males patients with plastic and cosmetic operation.


Aiming at the shortcomings of the current client/server mode,through interpolating a middle tier and forming a logic three tiered architecture,a technique supporting system of three tiered architecture is given.The practical problems occurring in the implementation of three tiered architecture are emphatically investigated.


In the present paper, optimization of a three dimensional parametric finite element model of an uncemented total hip replacement (THR) prosthesis is conducted considering volumetric wear as the objective function. Total hip replacement surgery is used to restore the mobility of hips affected by diseases such as arthritis, avascular necrosis and osteoporosis, and typically involves the surgical removal of the femoral head, reaming of the femoral canal and pelvis, and broaching of the femoral canal into the shape of the prosthesis. A semi-spherical acetabular component consisting of an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) liner and titanium (Ti6Al4V) shell is inserted in the reamed pelvis, while a titanium femoral stem is inserted into the canal and a cobalt-chrome (CoCr) femoral head is press-fit onto the stem. One of the major causes of loosening and failure of un-cemented hip stems is periprosthetic osteolysis. Wear debris produced by the articulation of the femoral head and acetabulum can cause an inflammatory reaction in the bone tissue surrounding the implant, eventually leading to bone density degradation and loss of fixation. Shape optimization of a modular un-cemented THR prosthesis is considered in this study using volumetric wearing of the UHMWPE liner as an objective function. The volumetric wear objective function is formulated using a modified form of Archard's wear law which states that volumetric wear is related to the normal contact pressure, sliding distance, and contact area on the UHMWPE liner articulating surface. A three dimensional parametric finite element model of the un-cemented THR components and femur are constructed in Hypermesh. Non-linear contact analysis is performed between the UHMWPE liner and CoCr femoral head, and the titanium femoral stem and bone using ANSYS. Eleven load steps are applied to the three-dimensional model with load and kinematic data for a typical gait cycle being taken from the ISO 14242-1 wear testing standard. Optimization is conducted using sequential quadratic programming in MATLAB through integration with Hypermesh and ANSYS in batch mode. Four design variables are chosen using a sensitivity analysis: femoral head radius, head-liner clearance, medial stem shape, and stem length. Significant reductions in the volumetric wear objective function are achieved in optimization showing that the size and shape of the THR components can be used to control volumetric wearing at the liner surface. The largest decrease in volumetric wear achieved is 47% with a minimum volumetric wear of 31.7 mm per million cycles, or one year of gait. A comparison is made between the initial and optimum designs in terms of wear and creep penetration distributions after one million cycles of gait using a MATLAB script.


(57) Abstract: The present invention features the use of such inhibitors to enhance inhibitors and amplification protocols target independent amplification. The inhibitor, one or more nucleic acid polymerase, in the absence of the target nucleic acid, by inhibiting the ability to use nucleic acid in the polymerase reaction, is believed to enhance the amplification protocol.


Background: Cardiotrophin 1 (CT1) is a chemokin having a lot of functions. CT1 stimulates the profileration of cardiac myocites. CT1 plasma level elevates in hypertension and obesity. Studies showed that the CT1 levels were high in a few heart diseases. There is no data about CT 1 levels in diabetic obese patients. In this study we investigate CT-1 levels in diabetic obese patients (compared non-diabetic obese individuals). Material and Method: Patients having ischemic heart disease, valvular heart diseases, heart failure, hypertension and having any other systemic diseases were excluded. Study group was the obese patients who diagnosed diabetes before. Control group was the obese individuals without having diabetes. Obesity was determined for superior than 25 kg/m2 (Body Mass Index: BMI). CT-1 were determined by ELISA method (Human Cardiotrophin 1 USCN Inc. Wuhan China). In diabetic group; there were 12 patients (7 female, mean age 52,1 ± 13,0). In obesity group; there were 10 patients (7 female, mean age 38,1 ± 13,4). SPPS 10.0 packet program and T-test was used for statistical analyses. Results: Groups demographic data were similar (age, sex and BMI). We didn't find any difference CT1 levels in diabetic obese group and obese group (10,34 ± 2,76; 9,38 ± 1,77 pg/ml, respectively). Conclusion: In this study we found that CT1 levels was similar in diabetic obese group and obese group. In obese patients diabetes mellitus did not alter CT1 levels.


The level of interpretability refers to how well a person can consistently predict the outcome of the model. The more interpretable a model of machine learning is, the simpler it is to understand why particular judgments or forecasts have been made. Deep neural networks' (DNNs') interpretability is crucial because it gives users the ability to recognize the models' fundamental advantages and disadvantages, predict their future behavior, and identify and fix any issues. Yet, a DNN's opaque or "black-box" design makes it difficult to understand what it truly performs. To solve this problem, we offer a unique method that makes better use of the rich semantic data present in human descriptions to enhance the comprehensibility of DNNs. By focusing just on object detection problem, we firstly derive from the human explanations a set of semantically significant themes that include a variety of visual ideas, and then we incorporate them into the model with an interpretive loss. Finally, we present a prediction variance maximization technique to understand every neuron's learnt property. Utilizing interpretable data, experimental findings demonstrate its efficacy in object recognition, which is transferable to video action recognition. Users can quickly correct inaccurate predictions using a human-in-the-loop approach by having a comprehensive knowledge of the learnt features.


Ultramicrotomy is the process of cutting specimens into submicron-thickness slices for subsequent imaging using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ultramicrotomes, devices that employ this process, have incorporated oscillations into this process to reduce the damage done on each slice. Extensive research has been made in trying to identify the appropriate settings: frequency, amplitude of cut, and feed speed, to maximize the reduction of this damage. Currently, however, there exists no research that tries to understand why the introduction of oscillations provides such a reduction in damage. To understand the mechanics behind oscillatory orthogonal cutting, specifically in ultramicrotomy, the frequency response of a compliant mechanism must be understood. The frequency response of a complaint flexural stage driven by piezoelectric actuator was measured. Using a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) and a dynamic signal analyzer via LabView, the frequency response of the stage was measured from 100Hz to 10000Hz. A model was then fitted to the measured response. Using this model, a comparison between a simulated-reference response of the position of the stage to the output response of the model showed that a controller was required to minimize the error in the position of the stage. Thesis Supervisor: Martin L. Culpepper Title: Professor of Mechanical Engineering


This paper proposes a simple equation for the determination of the global ice pressure in a condition where competent level ice is acting on a vertical offshore structure. Full-scale data that was obtained on a lighthouse in the Baltic Sea was used in an investigation of local and global ice forces. The ice thickness and the aspect ratio are used as two independent parameters to account for the size effect. The proposed formula also takes account of the time of exposure and the differences that are met in ice forces in various ice regimes. Furthermore, two kinds of magnifying effects are considered. Based on existing laboratory data, the global ice pressure is considered to be a function of the compliance of the structure. In addition, a dynamic magnification factor is adopted to justify a conventional design approach, where a quasi-static load is used as a substitute for the time-varying ice force.


] N recent years, urban geographers probably have devoted more attention to central place study than to any other topic.1 The pioneer work of Christaller and others has been followed by numerous investigations of rural service centers, and studies involving more complex, larger centers are not uncommon.2 Only lately, however, has the scope of central place study been broadened to include service centers within an urban unit.3 This examination of the nodal structure of a metropolis is such an intraurban inquiry. A metropolis, besides being the highly specialized core of a metropolitan region, is a region in its own right and may be defined as including the major service


Variable cationisation of the alkylethoxylate surfactant Synperonic A7™ has been observed during a ToF‐SIMS study of its interaction with a leaf surface, either by itself or as a component in a simple herbicide formulation. Depending on the conditions, cationisation predominantly by K+, Na+ and H+ was found. By deliberate surfactant solution doping with alkali bromides, the cationisation channel could be manipulated. Comparison of the apparent molecular weight dependence, derived from the ToF‐SIMS spectra, with that measured by HPLC‐MS, showed a further dependence on the cationising species, with Na+ giving the best match. An understanding of these effects is critical to the correct interpretation of the spectra from this surfactant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Pedestrian navigation especially indoors suffers from the unavailability of useful GNSS signals for positioning. Alternatively, a low-cost Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) positioning system that does not depend on the GNSS signal can be used for indoor navigation. However its performance is still compromised because of the fast-accumulating heading drift error affecting such a low-cost IMU sensor. This results in a huge positioning error when navigating more than a few seconds using only the low-cost sensor. In this study, real field trials results are presented when a foot-mounted IMU is rotated on a single axis. Two promising results have been obtained. First, it mitigates the heading drift error significantly and second, it increases the observability of IMU z-axis gyro bias error. This has resulted in a greatly reduced error in position for the low-cost pedestrian navigation system.


In the case of equilibrium reactions in gaseous phase or solid-gas phases, that takes place in the presence of inert gas and under isothermal-isobaric or isothermal-isochoric conditions, the conversion is maximum, if reactants are stoichiometrically mixed and the amount of inert gas is constant. A particular case is represented by the oxidation reactions with air, in which nitrogen is the inert gas, 2 NO + O 2 + 4 N 2 ↔ 2 NO 2 + 4 N 2 , and certain reactions in which it is both inert gas and product, 4 NH 3 + 3 O 2 + 12 N 2 ↔ 2 N 2 + 6 H 2 O + 12 N 2 We took into consideration a number of 20 oxidation reactions with air, many of them having practical importance. Calculations made by using Lagrange's method of undetermined multipliers, when reactions take place under isothermal-isobaric or isothermal-isochoric conditions, point out that, for high values of equilibrium constants (K x → ∞, K c → ∞), the conversion is maximum in case of stoichiometric mixture. On the other hand, for medium and low values of the equlibrium constants, conversion is maximum if the added amount of air is less than the amount corresponding to a stoichiometric mixture.


With the deepening of the cooperation of Chinese and western medicine research,people feel more and more,if you want to through the cooperation of Chinese and western medicine research and access to new achievements,must be with the correct way of thinking,ways and concrete Methods,understand the development trend of the combination of Chinese and western medicine,therefore,continuously the research is very necessary.


final initiatory incorporation? Second, since this work is basic liturgical history, it does not take up topics of fundamental liturgical/sacramental theology, except to survey them historically in the 16th century. How does J. deal theologically with difficult questions such as the nature of sacramental causality? Together with its comparion volume of essays (Living Water, Sealing Spirit, which J. also edited), this volume will serve as a comprehensive, readable, and reliable introduction to the study of Christian initiation for a long time to come.


Four groups of second language (L2) learners of English from different language backgrounds (Chinese, Japanese, German, and Greek) and a group of native speaker controls participated in an online reading time experiment with sentences involving long-distance wh-dependencies. Although the native speakers showed evidence of making use of intermediate syntactic gaps during processing, the L2 learners appeared to associate the fronted wh-phrase directly with its lexical subcategorizer, regardless of whether the subjacency constraint was operative in their native language. This finding is argued to support the hypothesis that nonnative comprehenders underuse syntactic information in L2 processing.Theodore Marinis is now working at the Centre for Developmental Language Disorders and Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, and Leah Roberts is at the Max-Planck-Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen. The research reported here was supported by the Leverhulme Trust (grant no. F/00 213B to H. Clahsen, C. Felser, and R. Hawkins), which is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Bob Borsley, Roger Hawkins, Andrew Radford, the audiences at EUROSLA 12, the 24th Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sprachwissenschaft Meeting, the 27th annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, EUROSLA 13, three anonymous SSLA reviewers for helpful comments and discussion, and Ritta Husted and Michaela Wenzlaff for helping with the data collection. We also wish to thank Ted Gibson and Tessa Warren for making their prepublication manuscript available to us.


Cloud computing has been the latest topic of interest of experts from both the industry side and academic side. Cloud computing offers a variety of scalable services and cloud storage is a popular one among those. Apart from documents and other files, photo content is on the rise these days. Terabytes of photos are maintained by high-end cloud providers like Google, Microsoft and Amazon. Owing to this explosive growth of images, efficient compression mechanisms are required for storing images. JPEG is one of the popular schemes adopted for compression. Although it provides much compression, it is sufficient only for compressing as individual entities. On the other hand, this becomes an issue when it cannot handle redundancy between the images, which is required in photo album storage and retrieval. A few existing signals take into representative frames for accomplishing this task but severely fail if the photos are scaled differently or taken up indifferent illumination conditions. So the concept of compressing with local features was introduced and a few methods adopted a graph building approach. Efficiency wise, these techniques are good but fail on the context of computational time complexity. And hence the proposed algorithm based on Map-Reduce concept and SURF local features will try to overcome this time complexity involved, without reducing the performance.


Location and language have now less impact as barriers for the expansion and the spread of information around the world. Machine translators achieve such a tedious task of translation among languages in quick and reliable manners. However, if compared with human translation, issues related to semantic meanings may always arise. Different machine translators may differ in their effectiveness, and they can be evaluated either by humans or through the use of automatic methods. In this study, we attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of two popular Machine Translation (MT) systems (Google Translate and Babylon machine translation systems) to translate sentences from English to Arabic, where an automatic evaluation method called Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) is used. Our preliminary tests indicated that Google Translate system is more effective in translating English sentences into Arabic in comparison with the Babylon MT system.


Abstract The behavior and mating duration of virgin Lasioderma serricorne adults was studied under two sets (temperatures 27.5 ± 0.5°C and 24 ± 0.5°C, Rh 65 ± 3% and 75 ± 3% correspondingly) of controlled climatic conditions. It was found that copulation, estimated from the moment the adults were found in "end to end" position up to the moment that the male and female separated from each other, fluctuated from 48 to 130 min for the two above mentioned conditions. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two sets of controlled climatic conditions used (dt  =  78, t  =  1.3, P  =  0.197). Although damage in stored tobacco is mainly caused by the insect's larvae, it was found that 4% of male and 9.4% of female adults also fed on dried tobacco leaves.


I. Introduction INTELLIGENT traffic signal control has been extensively studied in the literature. Current methods of implementing intelligent traffic signal control include roadside sensors, such as loop detectors and traffic monitoring cameras. Loop detectors can only detect the presence or absence of vehicles, which is a serious limitation. More recently, video-based traffic detection systems employing traffic monitoring cameras have been considered for traffic signal control, where traffic data from video cameras is aggregated, and duration of red lights are adjusted based on current traffic volumes [1, 2]. In this paper, we examine the possibility of deploying an intelligent and real-time adaptive traffic signal controller, which receives information from vehicles, such as the vehicle's position and speed, and then utilizes this information to optimize the traffic signal scheduling at the intersection. Vehicles can use wireless communications for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, as described in the short-range communications/wireless access in vehicular environments standards operating in the spectral range of 5.85–5.95 GHz. We refer to the transient mesh networks formed via V2V or V2I communication links as vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs).


This paper deals with the event-triggered dissipative filtering problem for semi-Markovian jump systems with time-varying delays. The purpose is to design a filter which guarantees that the filtering error system is not only stochastically stable but also satisfies dissipativity. First, based on Lyapunov–Krasovskii theory and matrix integral inequality, a sufficient condition is established for the existence of such a filter. Then, the codesign method of event-triggered matrices and the desired filter parameters is proposed. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the advantages and validity of the scheme developed in this paper.


A novel back-up protection algorithm for intelligent substation based on fault component comprehensive impedance is proposed in this paper. Calculation analyses of fault component comprehensive impedances of bus-line region, transformer-bus region and combination region are completed. The fault component comprehensive impedance of each zone reflects the positive-sequence impedance of the external system when an internal fault occurs. In a situation of external fault, it reflects positive-sequence magnetizing impedance or line positive-sequence capacitive reactance. In a situation of magnetizing inrush current, the fault component comprehensive impedance of the region which contains transformer reflects line positive-sequence capacitive reactance or decreasing positive-sequence magnetizing impedance. Fault location is implemented accurately according to the magnitude of fault component comprehensive impedance of each zone which in external fault situation is much larger than that in an internal fault situation. Then back up protection sends out trip signals after a time delay on the condition that failure still exists and the main protection of the fault element refuses to act. This algorithm is immune to transformer inrush current and high resistance fault, which has higher sensitivity than substation-area differential backup protection. Simulation tests based on PSCAD simulation model verify the proposed algorithm's validity and superiority.


The ability to design and characterise uniform nanoparticles with multi-anion group, where the less stable ligand enhances the diffusivity and activity of the metal ion, would be of broad interest in catalysis. In this paper, well dispersed Cu2Cl(OH)3 (atacamite) nanorods are synthesised via a facile wet chemical method. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the atacamite nanorods (ANRs) possess an enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of glucose. The ANRs-based electrode exhibits desirable catalytic performances with a short response time (<3 s), wide linear range (3 µM to 6 mM), and sound sensitivity (as high as 45.3 µA/mM). A high selectivity towards oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen, ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine is also observed. The good electrochemical properties are attributed to the intrinsic atomic diffusivities and electron transport efficiency at the liquid-solid interface, which makes such mixed oxides promising for wide applications in non-enzymatic biofuel cells and biosensors.


GHRS spectra of two very hot stars provide evidence for the presence of microturbulence in their photospheres. In attempting to reproduce the observed spectra, theoretical models have been built in which the microturbulence is allowed to modify not only the Doppler line widths (classical 'spectroscopic' microturbulence), but also the turbulent pressure (thus mimicking a 'physical' turbulence). It is found that a corresponding modification of the temperature-pressure stratification influences the hydrogen and helium line profiles to the extent that the surface gravities of early O stars determined without considering microturbulence are too low by 0.1-0.15 dex. Thus, including microturbulence would reduce, or resolve completely, a long-standing discrepancy between evolutionary and spectroscopic stellar masses. 14 refs.


Iron oxides (haematite, maghemite, magnetite), (oxy)hydroxides (lepidocrocite), carbonates, as well as zinc carbonate and oxide, have been identified on corroded galvanized steel samples after corrosion accelerating tests in the laboratory and compared with those observed on samples taken from vehicles that have been in circulation for five years in severe weather conditions. Spectra recorded on the corroded parts are compared with synthesized compounds. (Hydroxy)carbonates are clearly evidenced on galvanized and phosphated steel sheets. Corrosion layers beneath the paint could be detected. White regions always correspond to a ZnO-rich phase but maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) and sometimes akaganite (β-FeOOHCl) are observed at the centre (maroon) of very corroded spots. Maghemite is observed in strongly corroded regions. Goethite (α-) and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) (and akaganite) are observed at the surface of less corroded regions of phosphate-free galvanized steel and are absent for phosphate-coated steel. Green rust is observed only on galvanized samples corroded in the laboratory. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this research, the Apriori associator in the WEKA data mining tool used for preprocessing, exploring, and analyzing the chronic kidney-related data. The minimum matrix or confidence value in the association rule mining supporter, confidence number of cycles performed the role of preparation of Rules. This research is carried out by formatting and found ten best rules. The rules create x belongs to y attributes; the constant output of Apriori is to set the best standards by using its value and over caste, and its production shows the rules in the form of the model. At the time of execution, minimum support is 0.2 (80 instances), and the minimum metric level is more significant than 0.9. The association is always on affected data. Moreover, Apriori is used to Nominal data or binary data. Knowledge extraction from the chronic kidney disease database becomes one of the vital processes for their research development issues. It plays a crucial role in the medical field as well as it plays an essential role in medical Industries for future planning and further prediction issues. The significant association rules obtained from this study can be useful for Nephrologists doctors and Medical Industries.


This paper presents an interpretation of the underlying dynamics of global political economy, which has led to the invasion of Ukraine by Russia in February 2022. It thus is an alternative to interpretations that view the individual psychological traits of Vladimir Putin as the driving force behind this event. To enable a more sensible account, it turns out to be necessary to go back in the history of the conflict between Russia and NATO to the times of the Cold War. Briefly, two important fields of methodology – a theory of power and game theory – have to be touched upon. Finally, the justified emotional disgust concerning Putin's aggressive war and the somewhat more detached scientific analysis are tried to be reconciled in the concluding paragraphs.


We set out to understand the size of DLOMs by comparing the subject of the discounts, privately held companies, to the bases from which discounts should be applied. These relevant bases include publicly traded firms considered as guideline public companies and public market benchmarks from which cost of capital data are obtained. We created a database of 1,328 matched pairs and 9,765 matched industry pairs using transactions from 1995 to 2008. Our results indicate that entity-level discounts average between 68 and 70 percent, which are significantly larger than those reported in other databases and from other studies. We believe one of the main reasons our discounts are larger is because we captured, from privately held company transactions data, the actual value associated with the expected probability of a public market liquidity event. In other words, a matched pairs approach allowed us to calculate the discounted value associated with the expected probability of private firms becoming public firms at some point in the future.


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The paper includes the monitoring of data on changes in registered tourist arrivals and overnight stays in the municipalities of Sarajevo Canton. Data were registered for the period from 2013 to 2021, based on which the trends of tourist movements were concluded. Tourist arrivals were also analyzed depending on the type of accommodation capacity. The structure of tourists was analyzed for the recent period, from 2019 to 2021. In addition to the analysis of the number of visits, an effort was made to offer answers to the motives for a tourist visit to Sarajevo as a destination.Tourist trends in Sarajevo are influenced by the motives of the tourist visit, among which cultural and historical characteristics stand out as the most significant.


The autoreflection systems allows measuring a mirror turning angle as sensitive element in a point of angular deformation with a potential accuracy up to 0.05". Actually the error can exceed considerably the specified value because of existence of systematic error, one of which main components is the error owing to vignetting of a working beam. The component of systematic error due to vignetting of the beam can be eliminated using the compensation algorithm which allows to increase the working distance at the autoreflection measurements. This algorithm bases on vignetting coefficients. In this article we have found the vignetting coefficients using an autoreflection system.


In this study, we investigate the Lesser Antilles forearc basin, focusing on the late Pliocene to Pleistocene sedimentary archives in order to track the occurrence of extreme events triggered by enhanced subduction‐related tectono‐volcanic activity. We identify late Piacenzian deposits covering a major regional erosional surface, displaying sedimentary dykes and large marine boulders embedded in a mixed continental–marine matrix, characteristic of tsunamites. We interpret this episode of platform emersion and the successive cataclysmic deposits as resulting from enhanced tectonic activity at the interface of the subduction zone, synchronous with the initiation of the Lesser Antilles volcanic arc. We then discuss the implications in terms of the mechanical behaviour of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone.


In the enzymatic study of methylhexabital (MHB,5-cyclohexenyl-3,5-dimethylbarbituric acid), Cooper and Brodie3) found out that the enzyme in the rabbit liver which catalyzed an oxidation of the cyclohexenyl ring to yield keto-MHB was located in the microsomes of liver cells and required both oxygene and TPNH. Under a similar experimental condition, Tochine observed that hydroxy-MHB was produced in the rabbit liver. Very regrettable, however, was the fact that in both cases unchanged MHB was extracted and assayed by the method of Brodie, et al.5) and the enzyme activity was determined only with the value of disappeared MHB without regard to the metabolites themselves. In spite of the fact that while MHB disappeared, its metabolite are produced, as shown below, Cooper and Brodie3) discussed only about the enzymatic mechanism of formation of keto-MHB, or only about the hydroxylation of MHB by Tochino. 4)


Seedlings of four coniferous species, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), and lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), were grown for 4 months from germination and then exposed to soil drying. Rates of photosynthesis were measured for all species and rates of dark respiration and transpiration were measured for Douglas-fir and hemlock. In a study of survival, seedlings were exposed to various durations of soil drying and the plant water potential was determined before the plants were rewatered; seedling survival was subsequently recorded.Rates of photosynthesis declined for Douglas-fir, hemlock, spruce, and pine when the plant water potential decreased from −10.0, −10.7, −12.4, and −6.6 bars (1 bar = 100 kPa), respectively, and became zero with potentials of −53.9, −39.7, −28.6, and −22.4 bars. When grown together in the same pot and exposed to soil drought, hemlock had a consistently lower potential t...


The present invention includes a receptacle which is designed to accommodate a solid preparation for dialysis, directed to a container composed of a connector (200) for connecting the receptacle to the dialyzer, connector, connector other from one end to as to the one end, filling path (202) which make it possible to fill the solid preparation into the receptacle; fluid lines (211, 212, 213) for introducing a solution prepared liquid in the receptacle, the fluid line receptacle first connecting portion (211) that extends between the hole (213) that opens to the inside of the receptacle opening of the outside; and the resulting solution fluid line for taking out from the receptacle (the 221 and 222 , 223, 224), said fluid line and the second connecting portion which opens to the outside of the receptacle (221) receptacle It extends between the hole (224) that opens to the inside of Takuru comprises a first connecting portion (211) and the second connecting portion (221), dialyzed corresponding fluid line serve as means for connecting devices to. Containers according to the invention, the fact that the filling path (202) is open at both ends, and the two fluid lines (211, 212, 213; 221, 222, 223, 224) is open to the inside of the receptacle hole ( between 213,224) and the first or second connection portion (221, 221) characterized by the fact that it is fluid-tight, respectively. .FIELD 1b


A method of core collection construction for sensory quality traits of summer-planted vegetable soybean was investigated. A core collection, consisting of 36 summer-planted vegetable soybeans, was established by hierarchical cluster method with seven sensory quality traits (100-pod fresh weight, 100-seed fresh weight, seed number per pod, pod length, pod width, pod thickness, soluble sugar content) from 154 priary core accessions of vegetable soybean in the main production regions of China. Five parameters, namely, mean, range, variance, coefficient of variation and phenotypic correlation, were used to validate representative of the core collection. The result showed that the core collection for sensory quality traits well retained the genetic diversity and genetic complexity of the primary core accessions. The core collection for special traits may serve as an supplementary method for selecting excellent accession in quality breeding.


This paper constructs evaluation index system of the college students' occupation ability from five aspects,the learning and practice ability,science and technology innovation ability,team cooperation ability,interpersonal communication ability and professional competence.This evaluation index system is based on literature researches and experts' questionnaire survey.In this paper,the index weight value is calculated by AHP method.The evaluation results of uncertainty experts' judgment are given by interval data.The evaluation results of four college students' occupation ability are ranked as an example by the weighted interval data TOPSIS method.And a scientific and effective method of evaluation is provided to support the major construction.


Constraint Programming is a methodology for problem solving which allows the user to describe data and constraints of the problem without explicitly solving in the declarative phase. Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSP) can simply be defined as a set of variables and a set of constraints among the values of the variables. Typical method of solving CSP models is building the solution by backtracking approach in which a partial assignment to the variables is incrementally extended, while maintaining feasibility of the current solution. The constraints are kept satisfied throughout the solving process. Many optimization problems of practical as well as theoretical significance consist of finding "the best" configuration of values for a set of variables. Such problems where the solution is modelled using discrete variables belong to combinatorial optimization (CO). The problems of combinatorial optimization consist of a set of variables, their domains, constraints among variables and a goal function that requires to be optimized. School scheduling is a typical example of a CO problem. High school schedule generation includes both temporal and spatial scheduling. It is a computation demanding and usually a complex task. It is a NP hard optimization problem that requires a heuristic solving approach (Zhaohui & Lim, 2000). It is interesting to note that educational institutions rarely use automated tools for schedule generation, although the area has been researched for a long time. A survey in British universities (Zervoudakis 2001) showed that only 21% of the universities use a computer in the generation of exam timetables. Only 37% of the universities use the computer as assistance in the process, while 42% do not use a computer at all. Generation of schedules in some schools in Japan takes up to 100 man hours a year. In bigger schools, schedule generation begins in April and does not end until June, two months after the beginning of the school year, almost 150 work days. Constraint satisfaction is usually not the first choice for modelling scheduling problems, due to their high complexity. Only the final schedule (hopefully) satisfies all imposed constraints. During schedule generation, most of the constraints will be dissatisfied at some point. We created a system where the extent of constraint satisfaction is measured and compared, so CSP can be successfully used in scheduling (Chorbev et al. 2007). When a measurement of constraint satisfaction is included, the system becomes a Constraint Optimization Problem (COP). O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w .in te ch w eb .o rg


Quantum optical systems are poised to become integral components of technologies of the future. While there is growing commercial interest in these systems—for applications in information processing, secure communication and precision metrology—there remain significant technical challenges to overcome before widespread adoption is possible. In this thesis we consider the general problem of optimising quantum optical systems, with a focus on sensing and information processing applications. We investigate four different classes of system with varying degrees of generality and complexity, and demonstrate four corresponding optimisation techniques. At the most specific end of the spectrum—where behaviour is best understood— we consider the problem of interferometric sensitivity enhancement, specifically in the context of long-baseline gravitational wave detectors. We investigate the use of an auxiliary optomechanical system to generate squeezed light exhibiting frequency-dependent quadrature rotation. Such rotation is necessary to evade the effect of quantum back action and achieve broadband sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit. We find that a cavity optomechanical system is generally unsuitable for this purpose, since the quadrature rotation occurs in the opposite direction to that required for broadband sensitivity improvement. Next we introduce a general technique to engineer arbitrary optical spring potentials in cavity optomechanical systems. This technique has the potential to optimise many types of sensors relying on the optical spring effect. As an example, we show that this technique could yield an enhancement in sensitivity by a factor of 5 when applied to a certain gravitational sensor based on a levitated cavity mirror. We then consider a particular nanowire-based optomechanical system with potential applications in force sensing. We demonstrate a variety of ways to improve its sensitivity to transient forces. We first apply a non-stationary feedback


Waveform unfolding, in which photomultiplier tube signals are expressed as a linear combination of single-photoelectron waveforms, is a useful processing method both for analysis and for data compression in the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. This processing is currently only possible with a cluster of computers on the surface, but improvements in embedded technology will make it possible to move this unfolding inside the digital optical modules for planned extensions of IceCube such as IceCube-Gen2. In order to meet power constraints, waveform unfolding is most efficiently implemented with field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). A non-negative least squares (NNLS) algorithm developed for use with FPGAs was modified to reproduce the results of the Lawson-Hanson NNLS algorithm that is currently used for waveform unfolding in IceCube. High Level Synthesis (HLS) tools were used to synthesize firmware directly from C code. This proceeding discusses the structure and performance of the modified NNLS algorithm that was developed, and demonstrates what can be accomplished with new FPGA synthesis tools.


Among improvisers and composers today there is a resurgence of interest in experimental music (EM) practices that welcome contingency; engaging with unforeseen circumstances as an essential component of the music-making process, and a means to sonic discovery. I propose the Experimental Composition Improvisation Continua (ECIC) as a model with which to better understand these experimental musical works. The historical Experimental Music movement of the 1950s and 60s is briefly revisited, and the jazz tradition included as an essential protagonist; both being important historical movements leading to the formulation of ideas around contingent musical practices. The ECIC model is outlined as providing a means to observe the interactions and continua between composition and improvisation on the one hand and more or less experimentally conceived music on the other. This model is applied as an investigative and comparative tool to three distinctive works in order to illuminate the presence or otherwise of various experimental interactions within them. The works are: "Spiral Staircase" – a composition by written by Satoko Fujii in late 2007, John Cage's 4′33″, and a performance of "My Favorite Things" by the John Coltrane Quartet. Further possible applications of the ECIC are suggested in the conclusion.


Objective To study the expression of P21WAF1、MDM-2 in pancreatic carcinoma and its effect on oncogenesis and clinical significance of pancreatic carcinoma.Methods The expression of P21WAF1、MDM-2 was detected with the S-P immunohistochemistry method in 10 cases of normal pancreas tissue and 53 cases of pancreatic carcinoma.The relationship between the protein expression and clinicopathological fetures was analyzed.Rusults The expression of P21WAF1 in pancreatic carcinoma was much lower than that in normal tissue(P0.05),and the expression of MDM-2 was much higher than that in normal tissue(P0.05).The expression of P21WAF1 in high differentiation pancreatic carcinoma was much higher than that in low differentiation pancreatic carcinoma(P0.05).The expression of MDM-2 in high differentiation pancreatic carcinoma was much lower than that in low differentiation pancreatic carcinoma(P0.05).The expression of P21WAF1 in pancreatic carcinoma with lymph node metastasis was much lower than that in pancreatic carcinoma without lymph node metastasis(P0.05).The analysis of single factor revealed that the expression of P21WAF1、MDM-2 in pancreatic carcinoma evidently related with the survival rate of patients.Conclusion This study suggests that P21WAF1、MDM2 plays an important role in the oncogenesis and progression of pancreatic carcinoma.Detection of P21WAF1、MDM-2 proteins may have protential effects on the prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma.


Abstract : Significant flooding problems exist along the East Branch of the South Branch of the Kishwaukee River. This study identified three alternative, nonstructural plans which warrant further study to alleviate the flood problems. However, the DeKalb County Board of Supervisors rescinded their local cooperation agreement because of the high non-Federal costs. Further Federal action has been terminated. (Author)


Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional infrared polarization imaging device, such as large volume, complex structure, difficult registration, and inability to recognize moving targets, this paper proposes an infrared polarization imaging method based on a micropolarizer. The long refractive wave infrared polarization optical system is designed to achieve the imaging detection of a 0.25 m target at 1 km; for this, a design of a micropolarizer array suitable for the long-wave infrared band is proposed. In the simulation analysis, the effects of the grating substrate and line grating material, grating period, duty cycle, and grating slot depth on the polarization performance of grating are discussed, respectively. Through infrared polarization imaging experiments on typical targets, the unique advantages of infrared polarization technology in distinguishing metal and non-metal, natural and artificial objects, and high-temperature object recognition are verified, which provides practical support for physical evidence searches and camouflage target recognition.


Randomized prospective studies on patients with metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) showed that anti‐programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) agents notably improved 2‐year overall survival (OS) rates, compared to docetaxel. NSCLC patients now receive nivolumab and irradiation, concurrently or not. However, little is known about the safety of this combination, even though the preclinical model suggested a possible synergic effect. We analyzed NSCLC patients treated with radiotherapy and nivolumab according to former's timing.


Designed for those developing open or distance learning materials, this guide describes various kinds of projects along with the appropriate tuition methods, assessment procedures and the expected learning outcome. The tutor's role as supervisor is examined, as are grading and assessment methods.


'Art music, what is that?' Music lovers and many others in the second half of the nineteenth century were confronted with a new idea, a choice and an obligation. Some music, art music, had acquired a special status, and whatever one thought, there were things one was supposed to think about it. Earlier it had been much simpler: music was either utilitarian or fun. As utilitarian it had a function, be it in church, a militia ceremony, or a public commemoration, but the event dictated its role and except for the musicians, there was nothing to ponder. Music for music's sake, that was just a diversion, enjoyable, entertaining. A lot of earlier nineteenth-century music had of course been serious, in either perception or intent. Church music composers sought to enhance the dignity and decorum of the worship experience in their hymns and anthems; Henry Russell's songs moved the population to tears; and vocal groups such as the Hutchinsons stirred, inspired, and outraged the population with their moral and political topics. But only in the second half of the century did the notion spread generally through society that certain types of music were fundamentally different. This music, the argument went, had the capacity to do more than entertain; it inspired and elevated. Even though it might be instrumental and abstract, it spoke to the ethical side of humanity. Even though it might be secular, it was sacred, in an intangible way. It was moral, it was good, it was good for you. Such music was called art music.


With quiet rise of 3D printing technology in automobile, aerospace, industry, medical treatment and other fields, many insiders hold different opinions on its development. This paper objectively analyzes impact of 3D printing technology on mold making technology and puts forward the idea of fusion and complementation of 3D printing technology and mold making technology through comparing advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing mold and traditional mold making technology.


The Motorola fast static RAM division has put in place a manufacturing process for both wirebond and flip chip known good die (KGD). The goal was to manufacture KGD with the same quality and reliability as conventionally packaged die. A die level KGD process was developed which allows the reuse of the same equipment, manufacturing and quality infrastructure which is used for conventional package types. The paper discusses infrastructure reuse as it relates to the manufacturing KGD process, manufacturing flow and the process and quality procedures used to insure delivery of cost effective KGD.


Multifunctional portable electronic medical device (10) supplies the interference current stimulus to enhance bone growth. Two electrical signals respectively generated by two pair of electrode pads are provided to the target area. Two signals is a beat frequency is generated in a position intersecting. Beat frequency is the difference of the frequencies of the two signals. Amplitude is additive, it becomes larger than the sole of the amplitude of each signal. Depth of the interference signal is increased by increasing the carrier frequency of each signal. Direction of the interference signal is shifted in the direction of a small amplitude signal of the two signals. Further enhances bone growth by using a combination of electrical stimulation and biologics. Target region has a large enough including a plurality of vertebral nodes.


Japanese railroad companies continued growing by developing diversification based on a railroad enterprise. However, after entering in the 1990s, the diversification model of a railroad company reached the management limit. Under economic depression, A decrease in the birthrate and aging progressed and passenger transport changed to the downward tendency. Nevertheless, since railroad investment was expanded, railroad achievements got worse and price competitiveness with JR East Japan became weak. But the achievements of a diversification section got worse compared with the railroad enterprise. Therefore, group management was thought as important and enterprise reorganization was developed.


Current mobile communications market analyses indicate that Europe is mobile aware and entering the consumer market. Although incompatibility is the essential weakness between today's cellular, paging, cordless and mobile data services, their strength lies in their responsiveness to customer demand in a variety of different public and private market sectors with an element of service-creation flexibility and standardisation of the individual system-access technology. The progressive migration from second to third generation systems, expected to start at the turn of the century, must hence be undertaken while ensuring that the current user markets will perceive such a service evolution as relatively seamless, attractive and natural. In this process, the main goal of COST 231 Action is to provide a suitable support to the efforts of both standardization and research bodies, taking into account the technological developments foreseen in mobile and fixed telecommunication networks.


Using random sampling method,we survey a number of elderly in Beijing about the extent to which elder people get knowledge of socialized home-based care,the demand of elder care service,the elder's care choice,and advice to improve elder care service in Beijing.According to the survey results,some problems exist in the socialized home-based elder care service.This paper provides corresponding solutions and policy suggestions to perfect the current socialization home-based elder care.


The serotonergic nervous system is known to participate in the regulation of feeding behavior and in the selective control of feeding patterns. However, the correlation between central serotonergic function and feeding transition of weaning has not been well documented. To evaluate the involvement of the serotoneric nervous system in weaning, we investigated the e # ect of serotonergic medication on suckling behavior and feeding patterns in rat pups during the weaning period. Rat pups were injected with + , / , 1 . / and +* mg/kg of fenfluramine, an inducer of serotonin release, or + , / and +* mg/kg of metergoline, a / -HT + and / -HT , receptor antagonist, and duration of nipple attachment to the anesthetized dam was recorded as a measure of suckling behavior. Fenfluramine injection produced a dose-dependent decrease in the duration of nipple attachment. Treatment with metergoline increased duration of attachment even at the lowest dose. The inhibitory e # ect on suckling behavior of fenfluramine was attenuated by pretreatment with metergoline. Moreover, metergoline-injected rats preferred suckling behavior over eating solid food. Therefore, it may be possible that the serotonergic nervous system not only influences the regulation of suckling behavior but also feeding selectivity associated with the weaning process.


before 1940, the study of Vietnamese history is very much in its infancy. Regarding the Vietnamese, we have not even achieved a solid outline of their political history, and only in the past three years have substantial gains been made in segments of the past (fifteenth, early nineteenth, late nineteenth, early twentieth centuries). For the traditional period, up to i860, the only sources that can legitimately be used are those written in Chinese and Nom (indigenous) characters, although translations into Vietnamese are beginning to appear from both Hanoi and Saigon. These materials have not been adequately synthesized in any language; Le Thanh Khoi has used them in Le Viet-Nam, Historic et Civilisation (Paris, 1955), but not in depth, merely as reference for particular details. Naturally, this is the weakest section of Mr. Buttinger's work. Besides being his initial foray into the study of Vietnam, he had very little to guide him except French colonial historiography. Putting together his desire to know Vietnam, his use of French writings, and his humane feeling for the "perennially suffering" Vietnamese peasant, he created a very weak version of the development and the existence of the independent state of Vietnam. Once the French enter the scene, Mr. Buttinger feels more at home and his work becomes more relevant. For the second period, 1860-1940, he has done a good deal of work among official and unofficial sources and in so doing has given us a good general picture of the French personal, political, and administrative approaches to and views of their Asian colony. We also gain a French view of Vietnamese opposition to colonial control. We do not receive any view of Vietnamese society either in itself or regarding its perception of the interaction with the French. Here Mr. Buttinger's inability to use indigenous Vietnamese sources, whether primary or secondary, deprives him of the opportunity to get any real feeling for the Vietnamese of the time. He used some odds and ends found in French, but generally relied upon his own humanitarian approach and socialist assumptions in portraying the Vietnamese people. Again Mr. Buttinger's work shows us what we lack in the study of Vietnamese history—a thorough use of indigenous source materials to bring to light a complete picture of Vietnam. With the beginning of the international period of Vietnamese history, World War II to the present, we find a relative wealth of writings which Mr. Buttinger has ably synthesized in his essay on the period. These writings, however, are mainly journalistic or on-the-spot analytic views of the past quarter century. The lack what Mr. Buttinger has attempted to provide, a sense of the historical development of the Vietnamese state and society. Yet, because of the weaknesses of our knowledge of Vietnamese history already noted, Mr. Buttinger can only follow the development of the French presence into the postwar period and not that of Vietnamese society. What we receive then is another personal contribution to the rather bulky literature on why we are where we are.


Research over the past 30 years has found that effective principals can significantly improve various components of student achievement and learning (Steiner, E. A. Hassel, & Hassel, 2008; Marzano, Waters, & McNulty, 2005). In addition, there are few examples of improving student achievement that were not led by an effective principal (Louis, Leithwood, Wahlstrom, & Anderson, 2010). Research has also identified the need for the change to be systemic or comprehensive in the school turnaround process to ensure sustainability (Chrisman, 2005). Along with a systemic improvement process, Duke (2006), identifies 10 "essential" school components for the turnaround principal's focus and action as keys to sustained success for the benefit of all students. This briefing paper addresses the essential competencies and actions of the turnaround principal.


This paper presents a structure design of solar simulator with two rotational mechanism,adopting closed-loop control technology of combining stepper motor with sensor synchronizer.Based on optical system layout and determination of overall structure,rotating mechanism structure and design method,computer closed-loop control and precision analysis of rotating system are intensively discussed.The test results show that the corner accuracy of rotating system is better than 0.01 ?


In the human genome there are at least 3.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), or about 1 SNP per kilobase of sequence.1 There have been thousands of studies in mental health, including genome-wide association studies, attempting to associate mental illness or various behavioural, imaging or biochemical endophenotypes with genetic polymorphisms or sequence variants (following recommendations of the Human Genome Variation Society, "sequence variant" is a more inclusive term than "polymorphism." However, a common problem has been a lack of consistent association with a given polymorphism. For example, 5-HTTLPR is the most studied functional polymorphism in psychiatry, yet controversy remains as to the strength of association, with both positive and negative findings having been reported.2 In psychiatry in particular, there remains a mismatch between association of SNPs with disease and their functional role in disease. To begin to link SNP associations with potential functional roles, I propose a classification system that ranks the extent to which a given SNP has been demonstrated to have a functional role, with the highest rank being its role in the behaviours that result in mental illness. However, the proposed classification does not rank the magnitude of functional impact of a polymorphism, and hence cannot predict the likelihood of association of a given SNP with mental illness.

To understand the mechanistic basis by which a polymorphism is associated with a particular phenotype or behavioural outcome, it is necessary to know whether that polymorphism is functional (i.e., whether it alters the function of a gene or set of genes). In most cases, the function of an associated polymorphism is not defined and must be surmised or extrapolated as an effect on the gene that contains this polymorphism. In rare cases, a polymorphism may be a nonsynonymous coding region variation that alters the gene product protein structure. Most common polymorphisms are potential regulatory polymorphisms located in noncoding regions, including promoter/upstream, downstream and intron regions, that may affect transcription;3 in intron and untranslated regions transcribed as RNA that may affect transcription, RNA splicing, stability or translation;4 or in intergenic regions of unknown function.5 For example, 2 SNPs in the dopamine D2 receptor gene introns 5–6 alter its splicing to favour the generation of the D2 long over short receptor isoform and are associated with reductions in working memory and reduced frontostriatal activation in people with schizophrenia and people who abuse cocaine.6–8 Individual SNPs may have minimal functional impact but may be in linkage disequilibrium with a set of polymorphisms that form a haplotype associated with a functional outcome on gene expression or function.9 Whereas a polymorphism may have a demonstrated effect on the function of a gene, there are varying degrees of demonstrating the function of a genetic variant. These range from in vitro studies to studies that seek to determine the functional impact of a given polymorphism on gene expression in humans as the clearest indication of a "functional polymorphism." Hence, for the purposes of generating discussion on this issue, a potential classification system to rank the function of a polymorphism or sequence variant is presented.

I propose 4 classes of genetic polymorphisms:

Class 0: Function not determined. Either (A) no function is known, or (B) theoretical function is predicted but has not been experimentally demonstrated.

Class 1: Functional in vitro. The functional effect of the polymorphism on a target DNA element or regulatory mechanism has been demonstrated using in vitro assays (e.g., gel shift, reporter assay, ligand binding); however, the function of the polymorphism on endogenous gene expression or in vivo is unknown.

Class 2: Functional in vivo. In addition to class 1 requirements, (A) function effect of the polymorphism on the endogenous gene has been tested in model cellular systems (e.g., human transformed cell lines, human B lymph-oblasts, primary cell cultures) using methods such as relative allelic expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation, and (B) in vitro function is correlated with a functional change in human tissue.

Class 3: Functional phenocopy. In addition to class 1 requirements, (A) function has been demonstrated in vivo using model organisms such as knockin mice, and (B) function is correlated with a functional change in human tissue.

Note that within each class, the degree of functional impact may vary. Hence, the class ranking does not indicate the magnitude of functional impact of the polymorphism; rather, it indicates only the degree to which the impact has been investigated. Furthermore, the class of a polymorphism does not imply its importance in a given population: a polymorphism may have a large impact on function in vivo, but be exceedingly rare and not useful as a marker in the general population, as is the case for TPH2 G1463A.10,11


Objective Among infants and preschool children with complaint of upper extremity immobility, pulled elbow, also known as nursemaid's elbow or radial head subluxation is the most common cause presenting to pediatric emergency departments. However, proper tools to diagnose pulled elbow remain limited. We conducted a study to determine the feasibility of ultrasonography in diagnosing pulled elbow. Methods Infants and preschool children presenting to an urban emergency department with the complaint of upper extremity immobility between April and July 2013 were enrolled. The following ultrasonographic information was recorded: (1) whether there was a change in the shape of the supinator muscle, (2) whether there was an annular ligament in place, and (3) whether there was an enlargement of the synovial fringe. We used the affected arms' ultrasonographic images as the study group and opposite arms' ultrasonographic images as the control group. Results When we diagnosed pulled elbow using ultrasonographic findings (i.e., the annular ligament was not in place), we found the following results: sensitivity, 64.9% (95% CI, 47.5% to 79.8%); specificity, 100.0% (95% CI, 90.5% to 100.0%); positive predictive value, 100.0% (95% CI, 85.8% to 100.0%); and negative predictive, 74.0% (95% CI, 59.7% to 85.4%). Conclusion A pulled elbow can easily be confirmed by ultrasonography when the annular ligament is displaced.


The idea that intelligence can characterize the behavior of systems that are not biological may seem a topic of fiction rather than physics. How could a selfrepairing 1958 Plymouth hunt down its enemies if not through the imagination of Stephen King (1983)? But since life itself must have come from inorganic sources, presumably emerging from thermodynamic processes, directed behavior by physical systems may not be so far-fetched. And once one has embraced a non-computational/non-algorithmic approach to perception, as ecological psychologists have, the possibility of a physical grounding for perception, action, and cognition—a physical intelligence—is intriguing if not inevitable. In this first special issue on physical intelligence, four articles present notions relevant to how intelligence from first principles might be characterized. Experimental psychologists Turvey and Carello (this issue) outline two-dozen guidelines for seeking physical intelligence. Many of these are gleaned from long-standing tenets of ecological psychology that the authors claim support the inevitability of physical intelligence. Others are extracted from modern thermodynamics. Together, they provide thermodynamic reasons for perceivingacting cycles (Swenson & Turvey, 1991; Turvey & Shaw, 1995) that provide the essence of the conceptual underpinnings of physical intelligence. Kondepudi (this issue), a physical chemist, provides an overview of modern thermodynamics as it relates to pursuing intelligence from first principles. His central concern is dissipative structures, maintained by entropy production, that he claims are pivotal to arguments for non-algorithmic intelligence. Along the way, he exploits


To improve the accuracy of the calculating assessment of reradiation interference protecting distance between radio station and ultra high voltage(UHV) transmission lines,the simulation model,frequency of the reradiation interference having maximum,and the computation method of protecting distance were researched.The simulation model,in which the steel tower was represented as surface model and ground wire was represented as wire model,was excitated by vertical polarization plane wave.The base function of wire-surface model conjunction and the computation method were discussed.Normally,the frequency of interference having maxima is N-wavelength loop resonance and ?/4 resonance,based on which the induced current on power line and interference values under vertical polarization plane wave were calculated.The results show that the interference maximum occurred on one-wavelength loop resonance,but not on ?/4 resonance.When the frequency was in short-wave band,N-wavelength loop resonance could not be used.As a result,the new calculation method of protecting distance was proposed.Choosing AM broadcast as an example,the interference protecting distance from UHVDC was calculated.


Abstract : A brief overview of fundamental aspects of the continuum of diseases from Acute Lung Injury (ALI) to the more severe form Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is given. The review is not technologically comprehensive and is intended as an introductory primer for Naval operational personnel interested in health risks associated primarily with inhalation of smoke. Although there are numerous and varied causes of ARDS from inhalation of combustion products or inhalation injury. In particular, the risk of ALI/ARDS from inhalation of combustion products and smokes. The pulmonary toxicity of some we'll known smoke constituents is discussed. Inhalation of vesicant chemical warfare agents is addressed as-militarily relevant risk factor for ALI/ARDS. A brief synopsis of animal research models of ALI/ARDS is given.


Articles 14 and 22(1) of the Indian Constitution makes it obligatory for the State to ensure legal system that promotes justice on the basis of equal opportunity to all. Accordingly, in the year 1987, the Legal Services Authorities Act was enacted. The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) lays down policies, principles, guidelines and frames effective and economical schemes for the State Legal Services Authorities to implement the Free Legal Services Programs throughout the country. The National Legal Services Authority makes plan of action and calender for the activities for legal services. Legal Services Committees are constituted from National Level too Taluka levels.


Ethyl β-benzoylacrylate was synthesized using β-benzoylacrylic acid as starting material by esterification and elimination reaction.The by-product produced in the process of esterification could be converted into the desired product efficiently by elimination reaction under vacuum in the presence of sulfuric acid.The optimum conditions of esterification were as follows∶n(β-benzoylacrylic acid)∶n(ethanol)∶n(sulfuric acid)=1∶14∶0.28,refluxing reaction time 3 h.The optimum conditions of elimination reaction were as follows:reaction pressure 2.66 kPa,reaction time 5 h,reaction temperature 40 ℃.The yield of ethyl β-benzoylacrylate based on β-benzoylacrylic acid was 81.7% and purity was 97.0%.


Currently in object detection, deep learning based detectors are gaining their momentum. However, the supervision involved in the widely-used anchor paradigm within the detection pipeline is inadequate. Traditional object detectors opt for densely picking anchors to increase the training samples for faster convergence and better detection quality. However, dense anchor scheme requires extra computational budget which renders it infeasible for lightweight detectors. To address the problem, inspired by the cognitive consistency, we propose a novel Particle Swarm Loss for lightweight object detection. Experiments upon the MS-COCO challenge show that detectors compensated by PS loss can not only converge faster but also acquire better detection quality than their vanilla versions (YOLOv3 and SSD improves 2.0% and 2.5% on the harsh AP50 respectively) without extra computational overhead. In addition, we propose a dapper backbone with high cost-efficiency for the resource-limited scenarios.