The title compound [CCDC 199359], C16H20N5 crystallized in Monoclinic system with the space group C2/c. The unit cell parameters are: a = 16.554(6), b = 12.145(4), c = 16.221(5)Å and β = 102.67(1)°. The molecular structure is stabilized by an intramolecular C‐H…N type hydrogen bond and the molecular packing by the intermolecular C‐H…N and N‐H…N type hydrogen bonds. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


We introduce the unique class of propagation-invariant surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) representing pulsed surface wave packets propagating along unpatterned metal-dielectric interfaces and are l...


We study the effects of Rayleigh and Raman scattering on the formation of polarized spectral lines in a Λ-type multi-term atom. We fully take into account the partial redistribution of frequency and the presence of atomic polarization in the lower states of the atomic model. Problems that can be modeled with this formalism include, for example, the formation of the Ca ii H–K and IR triplet, the analogous system of Ba ii, and the Lyβ–Hα system of hydrogenic ions.


A study was carried out during 2014-2018 to find out the major fish catches through the Gear Ring net at the coast of Andaman Islands. The data were collected from four major Fish Landing Centres (FLC) viz Junglighat, Dugnabad, Guptapara and Wandoor which are located at South Andaman. Altogether 1097 FLC visits have been carried out during the study period at all four FLC with an average of 219 visits / year. Altogether 1379 operations of Ring net were observed from two FLC i.e. Junglighat (1322) and Dugnabad (57) amongst four FLC. The total fishes captured were 1609 tons from the two FLCs, i.e. 1594 tons from Junglighat FLC and 15 tons from Dugnabad FLC respectively. The contribution of gear the Ring net was 41.5 % amongst the other gears operated from all four FLCs. The major fish catch by ring net were Scombrids (52.3%), followed by Sardines (22.4%), Carangids (21.3%), Anchovies (2.7%) and others (1.2%). 39 ring net fishing ground identified during the period around the coast of Andaman Islands. The maximum fish catch occurred at around the coast of Havelock Island (15.5%) followed by Rutland (10.5%), Chidiatappu (8 %), Shoal Bay (7.6%), Baratang (7 %), Carbyns cove (6 %), Burmanallah (5.2%), Madhuban (5.2%), Out-drum Island (4.7%), Mayabunder (4 %), Colinpur (3.3%), Long Island (3.3%), Wandoor (2.1%) etc and minimum fish catch was observed at the coast of Pachim Sagar (0.02%) . PFZ forecast disseminated to the Ring netters and validated during the study period. Forty nine operations of gear the ring net were observed at PFZ with an average of 9.8 operations /year. The fishes captured from the PFZ were 91.1 tons with an average of 18.2± 5.6 tons / year. Similarly 49 operations of ring net were also observed at Non-PFZ with an average of 9.8 operations /year. The fishes captured from the Non PFZ were 23.77 tons with an average of 4.5±1.5 tons / year. The Length-weight measurements of the pelagic fishes viz Atule mate, Decapterus russelli, Sardinella albella, Sardinella sirm, Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus and Rastrelliger kanagurta caught from both the zones have been done. 12 Class Intervals with respect to length were observed from the catch of all the fishes i.e. 81-100 mm, 101-120, 141-160 mm,........301320 mm. In the Class Intervals, the length category 121-140 mm was the most representating class for Atule mate with 128 specimens (19.1%) at PFZ and 159 specimens (23.7%) at Non-PFZ respectively. It has been observed for other fishes i.e. for Decapterus russelli, Sardinella albella, Sardinella sirm, Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus and Rastrelliger kanagurta which collected from the PFZ were class 161-180 mm with 172 specimens (48.6%), 141-160 mm with 195 specimens (53.1%), 221240 mm with 177 specimens (48.2%), 121-140 mm with 189 specimens (47.7%) and 261-280 with 199 specimens (30.9%) respectively. The same species were collected at the Non-PFZ were 141-160 with 173 specimen (49.0%), 121-140 with 194 specimens (53.3%), 221-240 with 159 (45.4%), 101-120 with 173 (49.4%) and 201-220 with 144 specimens (23%) respectively. The water samples have been collected during day time from various sites of PFZ and Non-PFZ during the study period and analysed. The average visibility at PFZ and Non-PFZ were 15.49±0.28 m and 16.74 ± 0.25 respectively. The average dissolved oxygen (DO) at PFZ and Non-PFZ were 6.30±0.05 mg/lit and 5.94 ±0.06 mg/lit respectively. Due to density of phytoplankton and Eddies the dissolved oxygen increased at PFZ than Non-PFZ. Alkalinity was at PFZ 111.16±1.09 ml/lit and Non PFZ 113.68 ± 1.28 ml/lit respectively. Figures : 09 References : 40 Tables : 07


Abstract An intraperitoneal injection assay system in laboratory rats was used to examine the relative carcinogenicity of five asbestiform dusts of chrysotile origin and two of amosite origin. Twenty-five milligram suspensions of dust were injected into each of 32 rats for each treatment and the animals subsequently monitored for the development of tumours. The intraperitoneal route was shown to provide a useful assay of the tumour-producing potential of particulate materials, with an increased sensitivity when compared with intrapleural inoculation methods. The results showed that the chrysotile samples tended to be more carcinogenic than the amosite preparations and some of the possible reasons for this are discussed. It was concluded, from estimations of particle size using the scanning electron microscope, that relative fibre length did not provide a useful measure of the carcinogenicity of the seven dusts, owing in part to problems arising from the preparation of realistic, representative, samples for microscopy.


This paper proposed a new payment scheme which was based on the polynomial theory of finite fields and improved on the Wang et al.'s payment scheme. This scheme could resist Santis et al.'s payment attack,so increased its secunity. At the same time,it realizesed the divisibility of the coin. Furthermore,studied the anonymity scalability in this scheme concretely,and presented some methods.


indicated that key positive determinants of firm value were profitability and firm size while capital structure (debt-equity ratio) was a negative influencer of firm value. Abstract: Firm value is not only critical for ascertaining the market value of the firm, but it also enhances industry value and the economy's prosperity. There exists substantial empirical literature in Kenya on the link between a company's value and financial characteristics. However, the studies fail to provide a strong link between value of listed commercial banks and their financial characteristics. Hence, the purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between financial characteristics and firm value of commercial banks listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of loan book value, shareholders funding, return on investment and dividend policy on firm value of commercial banks listed at the NSE in Kenya. Positivism philosophy and causal research design were adopted. Eleven publicly listed commercial banks were studied. Panel data was collected from published audited financial statements of the commercial banks studied for year 2014 to year 2018. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's simple correlation and panel regression analysis. The study found that loan book value had no significant effect on firm value of commercial banks listed at the NSE (p = 0.462). Besides, the study found that shareholders had no significant effect on firm value of commercial banks listed at the NSE (p = 0.988). Moreover, the study found that dividend policy had no significant effect on firm value of commercial banks listed at the NSE (p = 0.610). Further, Return on Investment had a significant positive effect on firm value of commercial banks listed at the NSE (p < 0.05). Consequently, the study recommends that commercial banks critically assess return on investment on projects before undertaking them to enhance their value. Moreover, payment of dividends should be considered after the firm has taken up all high yielding investments. In addition, commercial banks should focus more on quality of loan book rather than the size of the loan book. commercial banks. Further, ROI had a strong positive relationship with firm value of commercial banks while it had a significant effect on firm value of commercia banks. Further, results show that dividend pay-out rate had a moderate and significant relationship with firm value of commercial banks but had no significant effect on firm value of commercial banks. on Amman Protection Exchange for the duration of 2000 to 2007. Other studies with similar findings include Neeley and Wheelock (2013), Asimakopoulos et al. (2013), Bathroom (2014), Barucci (2014) and Thygerson (2014). These studies had similar findings indicating that the average ROI of firms was positively associated with firm value of the companies. The study findings reveal that dividend policy (DP) of the commercial banks had a positive but insignificant effect on firm value of commercial banks listed in the NSE. These findings contradict the findings by Thaher (2013), Kale and Noe Benartzi et al. Amir and Ziv (2014) Malcom and Wurgler and Amidu (2014). All these studies had previously established that dividend policy has an effect on firm value. However, there are other studies with findings had findings that


This work presents a new model for the simulation of thin layer deposition and etching processes. Especially suited for the simulation of highly anisotropic processes, the frontier model is introduced in the context of selective epitaxial growth of silicon. The general approach to this new simulation model is described, and the simulation of selective epitaxial growth is validated against experimental results.


Companies increasingly equip their customers with toolkits for user innovation and design to address the challenges of growing customer demand for unique products and increasingly heterogeneous customer preferences. Yet, compared to buying a product off the shelf, customizing products through toolkits requires higher efforts, time, and expertise from customers. To outbalance increased efforts, toolkits need to be designed in a way that makes the product design task fun and engaging. Based on marketing, human-computer interaction, and information systems research, toolkits can be designed as hedonic or utilitarian toolkits. We use focus groups to qualitatively analyze "visualization" and "detailed information" as toolkit design elements to generate hedonic or utilitarian experience, and their implications on toolkit users' emotional responses and perceptions. Our findings show that visualization and detailed information both help in enhancing users' realistic product understanding. We found that particularly visualization stimulates creativity and enjoyment in product design.


The Educability of Cerebral Palsied Children. By M. I. Dunsdon. (Pp. 164. 21s.) London: George Newnes. 1952. "The main purpose of the present research was to study . . . cerebral palsied children, in order that facts rather than assumptions and impressions only, should provide a sound basis . . . for their educational care." This statement from the introductory chapter to this little book is very adequately followed up in the subsequent text. The author's approach is balanced and critical. The term " cerebral palsy " is taken to include spastics, athetotics, mixtures of these two, and certain cases showing ataxias, tremors, and rigidities due to cerebral disease of the newborn. The number of these cases-an estimate, based on returns from local authorities in England and Wales, is about 5,300-is large enough to call for special attention, quite apart from the problems presented by their aetiology, and the correlation of their signs and symptoms with the locality of brain damage. Chapters are devoted to the assessment of educability both by the measurement of I.Q. with various orthodox tests, and by examining other factors such as verbal ability, appreciation of spatial concepts, and specific sensory deficits. These chapters contain much useful, interesting, and largely new information. The application of Bender's " visual Gestalt maturation test ", for instance, confirms the marked upsets in spatial appreciation and judgement that have often been deduced from the behaviour of these children. A surprisingly high incidence of some degree of hearing loss also emerges from this study. Apart from motor, sensory, and intellectual ability, however, the author emphasizes also the importance of factors such as emotional stability and powers of perseverance in deciding the educability of a given case. The immediate practical importance of such findings for the planning of their education hardly needs emphasizing. What is perhaps of greater importance to the neurologist in the long run is that the facts Miss Dunsdon has assembled about these disabilities may ultimately be correlated with the site and extent of brain lesion in individual cases: and the result will be an increase in our knowledge of how the brain-both cortex and basal ganglia-works. The book is likely to be of considerable value to all those who have to deal with cerebral palsy.


The aim of this work is to develop a new Reservoir People (RP) transmission mathematical model, to simulate the potential transmission of COVID-19 virus and Delta variant in the Moroccan population during the vaccination period. The originality of this work resides in the fact that the different parameters that appear in the model problem, depend on the period of vaccination. The existence and uniqueness of non-negative normalized solutions are proved. A cost function to minimize with respect to the parameters is defined. To this aim, a novel hybrid algorithm, called Neural Network with Sine-Cosine algorithm (NNSCA) is proposed. The obtained numerical simulation confirms that our model is robust and can efficiently predict the evolution of the virus in Morocco during the vaccination period.


Intussusception in adults is a rare cause of intestinal obstructions and, when diagnosed, often mandates surgical exploration. The most common cause of intussusception in adults comes from an organic cause, which is often a lead point, resulting in an alteration of peristaltic activity, which leads to a telescoping of the proximal segment of the bowel from the lead point to the distal segment. Causes of lead points can be split into benign and malignant lesions. Benign lesions include postoperative adhesions, endometriosis, Meckel's diverticulum, and Crohn's disease. Malignant causes include adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, carcinoid tumors, and lymphoma. Most cases of intussusception clinically present as a bowel obstruction, including abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. As part of the workup for bowel obstruction, a CT scan is usually performed which will usually identify the intussusception. Because of the high risk of ischemia as well as possible malignancy, surgical exploration and resection is often mandated. Intussusception in the setting of trauma is very rare, with literature quoting only 22 case reports in the English language literature since 2012.1, 2 In published studies, abdominal trauma was found as the etiological factor in only 0.7 to 1.96 per cent of all adults having intussusception.3 Mesenteric hematomas occur because of the surrounding mesenteric injury caused by blunt trauma, and if the hematoma is nonexpanding and contained, it can often be left alone. We present a case of a 39-year-old male with an intussusception caused by a previously diagnosed nonexpanding mesenteric hematoma after blunt abdominal trauma. A 39-year-old male arrived to the trauma bay as a pedestrian struck by a motor vehicle collision on a highway. He was intubated in the field and brought to the trauma bay. His initial vital signs showed he was hypotensive and tachycardic, and his focused assessment with sonography for trauma examination was positive in the right upper quadrant. Massive transfusion protocol was initiated and he was immediately taken to the operating room for an exploratory laparotomy. Exploration revealed a right diaphragmatic tear, liver laceration, and multiple mesenteric tears; a 4-cm mesenteric hematoma was noted next to ileum but was not expanding or pulsatile. No other bowel injury was noted. His diaphragm was repaired, the mesenteric defects were closed and a postprocedure CT scan was obtained after resuscitation. His injuries were extensive, including bilateral subarachnoid hemorrhages, small right pneumothorax, liver laceration, and multiple pelvic fractures and bilateral femur fractures. He was admitted to the ICU, where he was closely followed by neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons. He underwent open reduction and internal fixation of both femur fractures. He was extubated on hospital day five. The patient was initially tolerating up to a full liquid diet; however, on hospital day nine he began complaining of abdominal pain. Initial CT scan demonstrated an ileus, and his lactate was normal at that time. The patient had persistent intolerance to diet and leukocytosis. A second CT scan was obtained on postoperative day 15 that demonstrated dilated loops of small bowel with a transition point (Fig. 1). The decision was made to bring the patient back to the operating room. On entering the abdomen there was an extensive amount of adhesions that were carefully lysed. An area of small bowel was noted to have intussuscepted into the distal bowel (Fig. 2). This was reduced and showed no signs of ischemia. The area of intussusception was thoroughly inspected and palpated and there was no intramural lead point identified. It was noted that this was the site of the previous mesenteric hematoma. The abdomen was irrigated and the site was inspected again, which showed no signs of ischemia. The abdomen was closed and the patient brought back to the ICU. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Alice Lee, D.O., Department of General Surgery, Philadephia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 538 Leverington Avenue, Unit B, Philadelphia, PA 19128. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


The nonwovens industry is challenged by the presence of microorganisms and the negative effects they cause. Deterioration, defacement and odors are all dramatic effects that occur from the microbial contamination of nonwovens. Nonwovens can also act as a "harbor" as most offer ideal environments for medically significant microorganisms. The ability to make nonwovens resistant to microbial contamination has advantages in many applications and market segments. This is especially true in medical markets where nonwovens have already contributed a degree of aseptic sophistication beyond historically used linens.


Following kinetics with mid infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy allows protein chemists to better understand how proteins fold and to obtain information about secondary structure changes involved in the folding process. Stoppedow is a popular technique for these studies where reagents are rapidly mixed and the consequent reactions can be studied with few milliseconds dead time (more information here and here). Traditionally, the stoppedow instrument is coupled to a Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectrometer. Despite the improvement in FT-IR technology and use of step scan acquisition, the main limitation of such set-ups for rapid kinetics is often the time resolution of the FT-IR spectrometer. The fastest acquisition speed is often in the 30-50 ms range (or even longer), which is much longer than the few milliseconds dead time (with FT-IR cell) of the BioLogic SFM stopped


Objective
To evaluate the immune response triggered by an in-house constructed human metapneumovirus multi-epitope antigen (MEA) in a mouse model.

Methods
Female SPF BALB/c mice at age 4-6 weeks were used in the study and divided into 7 groups. Mice in the five groups including MEA+ oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN) intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) treatment group, MEA+ Alum i. p. treatment group, MEA+ Alum+ CpG ODN i. p. treatment group, MEA+ CpG ODN intranasal (i.n.) treatment group and MEA+ Alum+ CpG ODN i. n. treatment group were immunized three times on days 0, 14 and 21, and those in the other experimental group were immunized intramuscularly with MEA+ Quickantibody5W on days 0 and 21. A control group without treatment was set up accordingly. All mice were sacrificed two weeks after the last immunization. Antibodies including IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and IgA in serum samples were detected by ELISA. MTS assay was performed to analyze the proliferation of lymphocytes. The cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was measured by LDH assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect T lymphocyte subsets. The cytokines secreted by T helper cells (Th1 and Th2) were analyzed with Bio-Rad Liquid Chips.

Results
High titers of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies were produced in MEA treated mice except for those in intranasal treatment groups. Serum samples from three groups including the MEA+ Alum i. p., MEA+ Alum+ CpG ODN i. p. and MEA+ Quickantibody5W i. m. treatment groups were positive for IgA antibody. The highest titer of IgA antibody was detected in mice from the MEA+ Alum+ CpG ODN i. p. treatment group, which was 2.15×103. Compared with the control group, significantly enhanced proliferation of lymphocytes was observed in the MEA+ Alum i. p., MEA+ Alum+ CpG ODN i. p. and MEA+ Quickantibody5W i. m. treatment groups (P<0.05). Enhanced cytotoxic activities of CTL were observed in mice with ip. and i. m. treatments as compared with those in control group (P<0.05). The levels of CD4+ /CD8+ T cells were slightly increased in mice from the MEA+ CpG ODN i. p., MEA+ Alum+ CpG ODN i. p. and MEA+ Quickantibody5W i. m. treatment groups as compared with those in control group (P<0.05). Increased secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ and Th2-type cytokines including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 were detected in mice from the MEA+ CpG ODN i. p. treatment group. The MEA+ Alum i. p. treated mice showed a slightly increased secretion of IFN-γ and significantly increased secretions of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10. Significantly increased secretions of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 were detected in mice from the MEA+ Alum+ CpG ODN i. p. treatment group. Significantly increased secretions of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-10 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were detected in mice from the MEA+ Quickantibody5W i. m. treatment group.

Conclusion
MEA together with different adjuvants could stimulate high titers of specific antibodies, increase the proliferation of lymphocytes and enhance the cytotoxic activities of CTL. CpG ODN could balance the Th1/Th2-mediated immune responses, and the balance could be enhanced when using CpG ODN in combination with Alum. A similar effect could be achieved by using the commercial adjuvant Quickantibody5w. This study has paved the way for further investigation on the development of hMPV epitope vaccines and diagnostic reagents for hMPV as well as the epidemiological study of hMPV.

Key words:
Human metapneumovirus; Multi-epitope antigen; Immune response


Movement screening has been a highly debated topic for strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches in recent years. Numerous methods exist for assessing movement quality, ranging from Gray Cook's Functional Movement Screen (FMS)4,7,8,11 and the Movement Competency Screen (MCS),17,18 adopted by many in high performance sport in New Zealand to the overhead/ single leg squat: they are suggested as useful indicators of movement quality by the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM).9,10 The common denominator for these screening methods is that they all employ the overhead squat as one of the key assessments for an indication of gross movement quality. The FMS provides a score ranging from 0-3 (3 = performed with perfect form, 2 = performed with compensation, 1 = performed poorly and 0 = unable to perform the assessment due to pain),4 whereas the NASM prefer to focus on what movement compensation occurs at each joint with possible overand under-active muscles that could be contributing to the dysfunction. Ultimately, NASM's method delves into the possible reasons for such compensations in much greater detail than the FMS.


Service robots have been widely used in many indoor scenes, but their interaction ability based on action recognition has been developed slowly. In this work, we focus on human action recognition for service robots. We find that the existing action recognition datasets are rarely based on robot perspective, and do not focus on human-robot interaction. Therefore, we propose a multi-modal visual dataset named THU-HRIA dataset on the perspective of service robot, including total of eight human daily actions and interactive actions. Based on this dataset, we generated dataset for model training through data division and expansion, then selected several advanced GCN networks and improved their accuracy through transfer learning and finally compared the impact of various factors on recognition performance. According to the experimental results, we design a prototype of action recognition system, which can carry out end-to-end real-time action recognition on a laptop. We propose a time-frames constraint sampling strategy for this system and prove the feasibility of the system through experiments.


THE PREVlOUS portions of this symposium have considered the general concept, the mechanisms, the opportunities, and the constraints of taking drugs that are currently available only on the prescription of a physician or a dentist and converting them to products that consumers can self-select without the invervention of a health practitioner for their own self-medication and self-care. It is now time to consider what may happen when we have exhausted that universe of drugs available for such conversions. Where will these new drugs come from? Who will be the people that will have access to them-or how will people have access to them? Who will be the people who will sell or dispense them? What will they say about them, and what will they do about them? Whereas the previous three sessions focused on the here and now, the final session attempts to address the future. In that regard, as one of this session's panelists, Clement Bezold, has repeatedly asserted, there is only one thing certain about the futurethat is that the future is uncertain. Thus, a reasonable objective for our distinguished panel is not to predict the future with certainty, but to speculate and to tantalize us about what the future might be. We will analyze this issue in terms of what drugs for self-medication might be like after


One species of the cheilostome family Membraniporidae Busk is recorded for the first time in the Bay of Biscay. Observations were made on a dead fragment of Membranipora arborescens (Canu & Bassler), previously known in the Atlantic littoral of America (from the Cape Hatteras to Brazil), in the eastern Pacific (from Mexico to Equador) and in the coasts of western Africa.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tetrafluoroethylene polymer suited in the stretching operation after paste extrusion molding. SOLUTION: The tetrafluoroethylene polymer has a stretchability, fibrillation properties, and non-melting fabricability, and a standard specific gravity of <=2.160 and a breaking strength of 3.26 kgf (32.0 N) to 5.0 kgf (49.0 N).


A terse and efficient asymmetric synthesis of tert-butyl 2-(4R, 6R)-6-(2-aminoethyl)-2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-dioxan-4-yl) acetate is presented, which is a key chiral chain precursor of atorvastatin. This was synthesized from commercially available, non-expensive starting material. The precursor was converted into atorvastatin calcium. The synthesis has the potential for scale-up and could be used to produce atorvastatin calcium on industrial scale.


There are several marketing channels used to dispose of production. However, there are ecological-based food production initiatives that use alternative marketing channels, such as short supply chains, civic food networks, fairs and specialty stores, consumer groups. In this case, a study was carried out to characterize a specific type of food supply in which producers and consumers combine in collaboration for the operation of this dynamic, as a form of responsible consumption. The methodology used was the case study, complemented by literature review, interviews and photographic records. Different bodies of knowledge were mobilized for the analysis and interpretation of social practices involved in organizational processes, interpersonal relationships, knowledge development and food activism. The results indicate that this supply dynamic goes beyond food trade and that in the end it seeks the materialization of a different society and food system.


A standard distance target disc (diameter: 38.2 cm.) was fixed 50 metres from the observer, on a ground strip of 230 metres, and S was asked to divide the strip into equal sections using the 50 metre target as the standard. Carrying a set of discs, E displayed them one by one along the strip in ascending, and descending order, in accordance with directions given by S, thus arranging them in a line with the standard, with perceived "equi-distant-intervals" marked off. Ss were divided into 3 groups. In each group, the experiments were made with a different set of discs. Thus in group A, the discs increased in size, proportionally to the standard disc, by degrees set out in Emmert's Law, in group B, the discs decreased in size consecutively by 20%, and in group C, the size of the discs was equal to the standard.Results: 1) In all the groups the perceived distances deviated from the physical distances, and the degree of error increased with every distance interval farther away from S. 2) In each group judgments showed some consistency; group A produced overestimation of distances, i.e. the perceived distances were greater than the physical distances; groups B and C produced underestimation of distances, but the former showed greater underestimation.From the relationship between disc sizes and values of distance judgments, a formula was derived for computing disc sizes for best distance judgments. To verify this formula, another set of discs whose sizes were computed from the formula were tested on another group of Ss, and this yielded quite accurate judgments, of equi-distant-intervals. This study revealed that in a particular distance range there is a functional relationship between target size and accuracy of distance judgment, and that the latter, therefore, can be quantitatively predicted.


In recent years, Spain, in an effort to meet European Union (E.U.) targets, has been developing different strategies to promote the installation of renewable energy plants. In this regard, evaluating territories to assess their potential and thus identify optimum sites for the installation of energy-generating facilities is a crucial task. This paper presents a comprehensive geographic information system (GIS)-based site-selection methodology for wind-power plants in the province of Córdoba, which has hitherto been regarded as unsuitable for this sort of facility owing to the lack of wind resources. Three scenarios have been set out, each of which presents a different set of restrictions. Scenario 2 applies the most stringent restrictions in the specialized literature, and finds no suitable areas for the installation of wind-energy plants. However, Scenario 1, which applies the least stringent restrictions, and Scenario 3, which applies the same restrictions currently in force for other wind turbines already in operation in Andalusia, have led to the identification of several areas that could a priori be considered suitable and now need more detailed analysis. The results illustrate the convenience of undertaking multiscenario analyses.


Based on a successful five-week summer program, we constructed an online alternative to prepare Hispanic students to take the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). We used input from student premed advisors, students, a faculty mentor, a Verbal Reasoning coach, and the program administrator. Online activities were provided to support the student commitment of 10-12 hours per week for 12 weeks. We included didactic material, an online community, individual coaching, daily announcements, and structured activities to maintain student interest throughout the 12-week program. This case study may provide guidelines on the elements necessary to a successful online program.


The research area is in the Datae Area, Watangpulu District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi Province. This study aims to determine the distribution of volcanic rocks, determine the crystallization phase based on petrographic analysis, and determine the type, magma affinity and tectonic environment based on geochemical data. The method used in this study was field data collection and rock sampling for analysis through petrographic analysis and geochemical analysis using the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) method by analysing the main elements, trace elements and rare earth elements (REE). The results of the petrographic analysis show that the rocks found in the field are volcanic breccia and ignimbrite. Volcanic breccia showed coarse-grained texture composed of angular to rounded andesite fragments and pyroclastic material fused together in a matrix. Meanwhile, ignimbrite showed fine grained texture with lapilli to boulder-sized fragments, poor sorting, open-packed and non-layered structure. Based on the Total Alkali Silika (TAS) diagram, AFM diagram, and binary diagram, the results of the geochemical analysis showed that the rocks found in the study area were andesite and trachy-andesite, while the magma affinity area is high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic. High-K calc-alkaline magmas are associated with subduction zones and are characterized by elevated levels of potassium and aluminum, while shoshonitic magmas are typically found in intraplate or back-arc settings, characterized by their distinctive potassium, sodium, and barium-rich compositions. The results from ternary diagram and geochemical Spider plots proved that the magma tectonic environment is island arc—continental arc basalt, indicating that the rock was formed in a subduction area. This research supports previous research regarding the tectonics of the western arm of Sulawesi, which stated that this area was formed by subduction.


In order to research the relationship between pe ri cardiopleural hemorrhagic effusion in pericardiopleural cavity and its pathogen ic factors in the aged and to improve its clinical knowledge, the clinical recor ds from 57 patients with this disease were retrospectively analyzed. Results sho wed that this disease occurred more commonly in males and the ratio of males to females was 4 to 1.7. The most common pathogenic factor was carcinoma, of which 55% was cancer of the lung, 20% was mesothelioma of the pleura, 10% was breast cancer, 5% was malignant lymphoma, 5% was cancer of the genito-urinary system, 5 % were other cancers. The second most commom factor was tuberculous pericarditis . The remainder factors ranked in descending order were right atrium failure, sy stemic lupus erythematosus, severe pneumonia, uremia, cirrhosis, hematosepsis, m yocardial infarction, rheumatic fever, anthrax bacillus pleurisy, paragonimiasis and eosinophilia pleurisy. This study indicates that the key to diagnose this d isease, excluding the use of imaging to diagnose it, is sufficient knowledge and clinical experience.


HEC-g-AA/SiO2 hybrid materials are prepared through a graft copolymerization reaction between acrylic acid (AA) monomer and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), in the presence of a silica sol. The microstructure and properties of the hybrid materials are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results show that a rigid inorganic phase SiO2 is dispersed in flexible organic continuous phase uniformly. HEC-g-AA/SiO2 hybrid material has no obvious phase separation in the presence of the crosslinking agent. The thermal performances of HEC-g-AA/SiO2 are excellent, and the glass transition temperature (T g) increases with the increased amount of the crosslinking agent.


The basic concept of the method according to the present invention, the search and identification of the reference organism indicating a specific characteristic, as well as genomic comparison between subsequent target organism. Search for suitable reference organism, firstly, it requires the provision of desired physiological functions (i.e., biological effect or chemical effect). Second, it shows the desired function naturally in adaptation to their normal life (i.e., in their lifestyle, for addressing the physiological challenges) organisms are identified. The method of the present invention is a method for discovering new biologically active substance, wherein the functional substance is desired of, are initially defined, the reference organisms showing this function naturally, selected It is.


For as long as there have been motion pictures, scenes of execution have appeared in American film. This article examines those scenes over the course of the twentieth century and suggests that spectatorship, and what it means to watch, is central to scenes of execution in film. We are interested less in the intentions and politics of a filmmaker and more in what those scenes offer viewers. We argue that three central motifs of spectatorship characterized death penalty films during the more than 100‐year period that we studied. First, viewers are often positioned as members of an audience and many scenes of execution are presented in a highly theatrical fashion and, as a result, the line between spectatorship and witnessing is blurred. Second, in many scenes of execution viewers are brought "backstage" and provided chilling, intimate views of the machinery of death, privileged views unavailable outside of film. The third motif shifts the positioning of the viewer such that we stand in the shoes of those who are to be executed. We conclude by asking whether and how scenes of execution in American film provoke in viewers an awareness of the political responsibility inherent in their identities as democratic citizens in a killing state.


Take a trip down Route 66 with this research guide The role of Route 66 in The Grapes of Wrath


Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Race, Gender, and Sexuality Chapter 3 Arrival and History Chapter 4 Class and Work Lives Chapter 5 Education Chapter 6 Family Chapter 7 Citizenship Chapter 8 Media Chapter 9 Identity Chapter 10 Interethnic/Inter-Minority Relations Chapter 11 Social Movements and Politics


Accurately detecting faces of children when their appearance has been altered is especially important in recognizing abducted or missing child. Face recognition studies have focussed on recognizing the adult perpetrator; however, there is lack of research on recognizing a child's face under different appearances. Two studies were conducted to determine what type of photos may increase recognition of missing children. In Experiment 1 participants were shown pictures of children's faces in a study phase in which their faces were either dirtied with negative affect or clean with positive affect, followed by a recognition phase. Accuracy and confidence were higher when the face at recognition was the same type as in the study phase. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1, adding four delay conditions: 10-minute interval (10-MI), 3, 6 or 12 week. Accuracy and confidence decreased over time and we again found a significant interaction between face at study and face at recognition. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en


1. Maternal provisioning can reduce offspring vulnerability to predators by promoting offspring growth and eliciting of antipredator behaviours. Mothers perceiving predation risk may improve offspring survival if producing larger, higher‐quality offspring. However, empirical evidence suggests that offspring quality is often reduced, probably reflecting predator‐induced physiological costs, or a selfish maternal strategy aimed at producing more offspring by sacrificing their quality. While perception and impact of predators can vary across the prey's life stage, a majority of studies have focused on understanding how reproductive allocation decisions are influenced by the risk of predation during adulthood.


The invention relates to a fuel-injection valve (1) for fuel-injection systems of internal combustion engines, in particular for directly injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. Said valve comprises an actuator (10), a valve needle (3), which co-operates with the actuator (10) and is impinged by a return spring (23) in the closing direction, for actuating a valve closing body (4) that forms a seal seat with a valve-seat surface (6), and a setting sleeve (24), which impinges the return spring (23) with a pre-tension. The setting sleeve (24) is well-shaped and has an excentric bore (38) in the base (37), said bore forming a variable overlap with an excentric bore (36) in the base (35) of a similarly well-shaped internal sleeve (34) that can be inserted into the setting sleeve (24).


Estrogen–progestogen menopausal therapy involves the co-administration of an estrogen and a progestogen to perior menopausal women. While it is indicated most clearly for control of menopausal symptoms, the use of estrogens with or without progestogens has expanded to include the treatment or prevention of a range of chronic conditions that are associated with ageing. Such widespread, long-term use was often perceived as a 'replacement', in that it physiologically reconstituted vital functions that were lost with menopausal ovarian failure. This pattern was propitiated by the 'medicalization' of the menopause, which was perceived as pathological rather than as an expected and natural event in life. Evidence from the Women's Health Initiative, which showed a clearly harmful effect of the use of estrogen–progestogen combinations, has modified this attitude; as a result, use of the term 'replacement' has diminished. Patterns of exposure are also changing rapidly as the use of hormonal therapy declines, the indications are restricted and the duration of the therapy is reduced. Combined estrogen–progestogen formulations are available for oral and transdermal administration, although separate administration of each component is still frequent. Progestogens are available orally, while estrogen may be administered orally, transdermally or transvaginally. The timing of exposure to these hormones may be continuous (both estrogen and progestogen at set daily doses), sequential (estrogen daily with progestogen for the last 10–14 days of the cycle) or cyclical (as with sequential, but including 7 days without hormonal exposure).


2 Abstract: More than 550,000m of juice from mucilage of cocoa beans are produced and abandoned in 3 farms each year. This cloudy substance is composed of 85.3% of moisture. Production and transformation into marmalade were made. High performance liquid chromatography was used to identify reducing sugars and organic acids and gas liquid chromatography was used for minerals identification. Physical parameters were also determined. The results of analyses showed that the pH of the juice from cocoa beans was 3.14 and its glucose content was very high with around 214.2±6.2g/L. The total soluble solids were 16.17 Brix. o


From the Publisher:
This junior/senior level text presents basic and intermediate programming techniques which are commonly employed when solving engineering problems. Students who have completed a first level engineering course in mechanics of materials will be familiar with the problems discussed in this book. Attention is therefore directed at the programming methods required to automate various analyses. All the sample programs included in this text can be executed using the Student Edition of MATLAB.


THE USE OF RESEARCH IN TEACHING PRACTICE. A DESIGN FOR THE TRANSITION FROM NUMERICAL TO ALGEBRAIC THINKING This article analyses research works on the transition from numerical to algebraic thinking, and others, which classified the difficulties pupils regularly find when appropriating school algebra concepts, in order to identify mathematical resources that develop algebraic thinking. With the same aim, a teaching sequence was designed take into account the findings of these research works and they are applied in a secondary school in Mexico. The results show that in the transition from numeric to algebraic thinking, not only do aspects related to the complexity of the algebraic objects and methods appear, but others, such as the teaching contract, the teaching methods, and the learning situations developed in class also appear. Finally, there is an analysis of the proposal from the model of Formal Mathematical Competence (FMC) as a phenomenological model to allow a more accurate characterization of how the pupils are introduced to the acquisition of algebraic thinking.


OBJECTIVE
To determine factors associated with long-term survival in dogs treated surgically for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

DESIGN
Retrospective case series. Animals-52 dogs treated surgically for left-to-right shunting PDA.

PROCEDURE
Data pertaining to age, breed, sex, body weight, clinical examination findings, type and duration of medical treatment, results of thoracic radiography and echocardiography, and surgical and postoperative complications were collected from records. Follow-up information was obtained from medical records or telephone interviews with owners or referring veterinarians.

RESULTS
22 dogs had mitral valve regurgitation. Mean weight and age were not significantly different between dogs with or without mitral valve regurgitation. Twenty-four (46.2%) dogs had clinical signs related to cardiac insufficiency. Left atrial dilatation was observed in 56.3% of dogs that were radiographed. Sonographic imaging was used to diagnose left atrial dilatation in 23 dogs and left ventricular dilatation in 25 dogs. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 92% and 87%, respectively. Diagnosis of mitral valve regurgitation before surgery was not associated with the probability of survival. Age, weight, lethargy, preoperative treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and right atrial dilatation on radiographs at the time of surgery were negatively associated with probability of survival.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Surgical treatment of PDA was curative in young dogs without clinical signs of heart failure. Surgical correction of PDA should be recommended as early as possible after diagnosis, and mitral valve regurgitation is not a contraindication for surgery.


The utility model discloses a deformation-preventive lost foam mold, which comprises a semicircular white mold (2) and a deformation-preventive device. The deformation-preventive lost foam mold is characterized in that the deformation-preventive device is a laminated abrasive ring (1) laminated on the upper edge surface of the white mold (2). The deformation-preventive lost foam mold overcomes shortcomings of deformation in the diameter direction and torsion deformation of the prior art, and the quality of a cast product is good.


Pedestrians form an important component of a multi-modal transportation system. Planning and design of pedestrian amenities (multimodal points, airports, shopping malls, theaters etc) demand efficient, comfortable and safe walking operations for the pedestrians. Likewise, the movement of large numbers of people is important in many situations, such as the evacuation of a building, stadium in an emergency. Studies relating to pedestrian behavior and modeling is thus imperative. In contrast to vehicular movements, pedestrians interact continuously with other pedestrians and their surrounding infrastructure/environment, changing their direction and speed frequently. To represent this complex movement behavior of pedestrian, various models has been proposed; both microscopically and macroscopically . This paper is intended to review the emerging microscopic and macroscopic pedestrian model with emphasis to the social force model (Microscopic) developed by Helbing et al. and the NOMAD (microscopic), SimPed (Macroscopic) model developed by Hoogendoorn and his team at Delft University of Technology, Holland 4) 5) . Also this paper mention about the future study outline of authors for improving the exiting models based on the review.


In the treatment of the Xylariaceae of the Hawaiian Islands (Ju & Rogers, 2012) Rosellinia collections were designated by numbers owing to the uncertainties in identifying them.  The recent publication of a world monograph (Petrini, 2013) has allowed identifications or tentative identifications.  A key to Hawaiian Rosellin ia is provided, along with host and collection data.  Additions and corrections to the host-fungus index are likewise provided.


2 Matroid Theory 3 This paper explores the connection between network coding and Matroid theory, 4 a branch of mathematics that generalizes linear algebra and graph theory. ABSTRACT | Networks derived from matroids have played a 7 fundamental role in proving theoretical results about the limits 8 of network coding. In this tutorial paper, we review many con-9 nections between matroids and network coding theory, with 10 specific emphasis on network solvability, admissible network 11 alphabet sizes, linear coding, and network capacity.


Most conventional actuation methods have a very limited degree of freedom, simply moving from point A to B. In contrast to the concept of distributed actuation which divides up actuation in such a way that a networked structure of smaller actuators operating in tandem is able to take on various forms. Previous research by other groups has produced relatively large and bulky versions of these distributed actuators, therefore the first steps are made to develop a thin walled version. This can be used in a variety of applications like soft robotic grippers, interactive human machine interfaces, self-deploying structures and many more. Promising candidates are found for two of the main components of the distributed actuation and these components are analysed. These main components are the underlying structure which consists of a Ron Resch origami structure and the smart actuator called Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC). The motion study of the origami structure, using rigid body kinematics, reveals the angular relationships between the polygonal surfaces while the measurements of the IPMC material using a test set-up gave insight in the force-frequency characteristics of this smart material as well as an estimate of its power efficiency. Together this information shows promise for the future development of our thin-walled distributed actuator concept. Report no. MSD 2017.022


I strongly suspect that the core argument is theoretically unsupportable (i.e., that it is simply a bad idea), but I am unwilling to do the authors' job and try to derive a proof of convergence or lack thereof. There are a few simple errors in this paper such that, at least at first glance, appear to be sufficient to invalidate the central premise. Because the authors present no meaningful justification for their idea, I won't bother to formally explore the extent to which these errors might impact convergence. Like I said, it's


Aim. To study the role of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in family history regarding coronary heart disease (CHD) prevalence. Material and methods. In total, 1131 males and 1015 females aged 40-59 years, selected from non-organized Tashkent population, were examined. All participants had informative family history. The authors used standard survey methods and unified criteria for epidemiology data assessment. Results. CHD was significantly more prevalent in males (10.6%) and females (12.3%) with CVD in family history, comparing to their peers with no CVD in family anamnesis (5.6% and 7.3%, respectively). In the former, mean blood pressure levels were significantly higher, as well as the prevalence of 3 and more risk factors and/or target organ pathology, than in their peers with no CVD-affected relatives. Conclusion. In the population studied, people with CVD in family history could be regarded as a CHD risk group.


Additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing technology that allows building any complex 3D geometry of product by adding layer by layer of material. One of the most important effectiveness of additive manufacturing is able to manufacture lattice structure inside product space in order to reduce the usage of material and the weight of the product but still ensure its mechanical properties. The lattice structure is a network of bars linked each other in a space of product and it can be quickly manufactured due to the development of additive manufacturing technologies. However, the design of a model of the lattice structure in the computer-aided design environment has many difficulties. The current modeling technologies do not support product designer to automatically create a model of the lattice structure with the different type of configurations. Therefore, the paper will present new approaches to automatically generate a 3D model of the lattice structure in the design space of the product. These approaches allow creating different configurations of the periodic or non-periodic lattice structure.


I first wish to correct any misunderstanding of my "fabricating quotations," as charged by Keith Carlson and Sonny McHalsie (106[2]:431). In my original submission to AA, I used single-quote marks to emphasize a cliche ('let the facts speak for themselves') and to paraphrase a sentiment of the authors ('anthropologists mainly pursue their own interests'). Although I explicitly state at the beginning of the passages in question that I am paraphrasing, the editors changed single-quote marks to double-quote marks in the published version, potentially causing confusion. Nonetheless, I take responsibility if readers misinterpreted my intent because of the ambiguity of such judicious use of quotation marks to delineate a paraphrased statement. This typographic correction does not alter the substance of my critique of Carlson's view that the Atlas is "a body of relatively unprocessed information," which allows for "distinguishing data from interpretation" (p. 2). I argue that little of the Atlas does not involve interpretation. Interpretation is involved in the selection of materials to be included, the thematic context given to each chapter, and the editorial hand of the authors who reconstitute and retell Sto:lo stories into an apparently objective text. The Atlas spins largely conventional, familiar Western historiography and cartography with a neat narrative inversion of making Coast Salish people the agents of historical and cultural reference, framing Europeans as newcomers to Sto:lo place and history. Although the familiarity of this narrative framework may be part of an objective of challenging conventional and often ethnocentric views of native history, in scholarly or legal contexts, which scrutinize detail and variability more closely than might a general reader, ignoring these issues leaves serious problems of interpretation unresolved. Their second critique concerns my observation that McHalsie views anthropologists' goals as different from Native ones. My perspective is based on McHalsie's problematization of the work of Franz Boas, Charles Hill-Tout,


According to practical situations of publication of university learned journal,GB3792-85, and 《Detailed Rules of Chinese Serial Publications Machine Reading Records》,this paper makes some explanations to main fields and retrieval records in the records of university learned journal.


The invention provides a feed additive for improving straw aminating efficiency and improving ruminant production performance. The feed additive is mainly composed of an A agent and an B agent; the A agent comprises the raw material compositions in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of attapulgite and 0.2-0.4 part of anhydrous sodium sulfate; and the B agent comprises the raw material composition 1-2 parts by weight of attapulgite powder. In order to further improve the aminating rate, the A agent can be added with 0.05-0.10 part of a commercial crude-fiber degrading bacteria inoculum (with the viable count more than 1*10 per gram. The prepared feed additive can be directly added into straws, and after ruminants eat the straws processed by adding the additive, absorption utilization on straws and nutrients such as urea and the like is substantially improved. The employed raw materials are wide in source and are easy to purchase in market; the preparation technology is simple; the feed additive is convenient to use, green and environment-friendly, and does not generate any harmful residue.


[THE APPLICATION OF DISCOVERY LEARNING IN OBTAINING EFFECTIVE LEARNING (STUDY OF TRAINING FOR ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE TEACHER OF VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS IN RELIGIOUS TRAINING CENTER OF PADANG)] This research aimed to analyze whether the application of the Discovery Learning model can realize effective learning in the training of Ushul Fikih MAK teacher at the Religious Training Center of Padang in 2019. The research method used was descriptive qualitative using a survey and interview of 30 trainees. The results show that the application of discovery learning models makes learning more effective because it adopts scientific steps in building knowledge and encourages trainees to have creative thinking skills to find problems, formulate hypotheses, collect data with various techniques, analyze, draw conclusions, and communicating what was found. This is under Ushul Fikih's mindset, which is to encourage and train trainees to investigate (al-iktisyaf) to find something themselves and in turn, produce knowledge that is truly meaningful. The application of discovery learning models in the training activities of the subjects of Usul Fikih MAK in 2019 at the Padang Education and Training Center turned out to be able to change the passive learning conditions to become effective, active and creative, changing learning from the teacher oriented / al-murtakiz 'style of al-mudarrib to student oriented / al-murtakiz 'ala al-musyarikin, and also change the mode of expositor trainees who always receive full information from widyaiswara into a discovery that is searching and finding information on their own


Nowadays, the call to go green is getting stronger than ever. Numerous environmental issues are constantly arising, leading to various laws and regulations to address the problem. Companies and organizations are trying to integrate sustainability into their business processes. The construction industry, one of the largest industries, also encounters the same scenario. This study aims to bridge the gap between sustainability and the construction industry by developing a sustainable supplier selection tool. The researchers chose the country of the Philippines as the location. Sustainability is incorporated using the triple bottom-line framework. The triple-bottom-line framework consists of environmental, economic, and social dimensions. This framework allows a holistic view of the necessary things for prioritization and not on profitability alone. Existing literature and studies were found to determine the sub-criteria for each of the three dimensions. The economic dimension garnered a total of 15 sub-criteria, the social dimension has a total of 10 sub-criteria, and 12 sub-criteria were determined for the environmental dimension, which sums up to 37 sub-criteria. A total of 100 respondents have participated with online survey questionnaires. Using factor analysis, the researchers were able to compress the 37 sub-criteria into eight sub-criteria: four sub-criteria under economic criterion, two sub-criteria under social criterion, and two sub-criteria under environmental criterion. Moreover, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tool, was employed to determine the relative weights, which corresponds to importance, of each sub-criterion. At the end, the researchers were able to develop a tool using Excel Visual Basic Application to determine the best sustainable supplier given the set of criteria.


The problem of automatically answering natural language questions by pinpointing exact answers in a large text (web) corpus has been studied since the mid 1990s. Most research has been directed at answering factoid questions: questions that expect a short, clearly identifiable answer; usually a named entity such as a person name, location or year. In this dissertation, we have focused on the problem of answering why-questions (why-QA). Whyquestions require a different approach than factoid questions because their answers tend to be longer and more complex. Our main research question was: "What are the possibilities and limitations of an approach to why-QA that uses linguistic information in addition to text retrieval techniques?
 We first experimented with a simple bag-of-words approach on a set of open-domain whyquestions and Wikipedia as answer corpus. With Lemur as retrieval engine and TF-IDF as ranking model, we were able to retrieve a correct answer passage in the top-10 for 45% of the questions. The most important limitation of the bag-of-words approach for why-QA is that the structure of the questions and the candidate answers is not taken into account. We studied a number of levels of linguistic information on both the side of the question and the side of the answer passage in order to find out which type of information is the most important for answering why-questions.
 We implemented a re-ranking module that incorporates knowledge about the syntactic structure of why-questions and the document context of the answers. With this module, we were able to improve significantly over the already quite reasonable bag-of-words baseline. After we optimized the feature combination in a learning-to-rank set-up, our system reached an MRR of 0.35 with a success@10 score of 57%. These scores were reached with only eight overlap features, one of which was the baseline ranker TF-IDF and the others were based on linguistic information (e.g. question focus, cue words and WordNet Similarity) and document structure (e.g. document title and the position of the answer passage in the document).
 For solving the remaining 43% of the questions, we found that more is needed than classic NLP. Our conclusion is that why-QA deserves renewed attention from the field of artificial intelligence.
 The dissertation is available online at http://lands.let.ru.nl/~sverbern/.


Population growth, urbanization, water resources pollution, environmental awareness, uneven distribution of water resources and water scarcity these factors have resulted in reuse of water especially from sewage treatment in water scare countries. In this work secondary effluent from Shirdi STP were collected and analyzed for physical, chemical and biological characteristics to assess the viability of water reuse. Available water reuse criteria for different reuse options were used to characterize the WWTPs secondary effluent for agricultural reuse. Some of the water quality parameters of the effluents from this plant were non-compliant to the requirements for maybe reuse for industries. However, the use of advance treatment technologies as part of the treatment train would address the water quality issues. From the analysis it is stated that the water is suitable for agriculture use as all its parameters are within the limit.


Science museums play a role in creating visitor experiences that relate to contemporary issues in science, and in linking audiences to the scientific enterprise and the community of scientists. In the Portal to the Public approach, science researchers are trained by museum educators with experience in inquiry-based learning, and are then given opportunities to translate their current research for museum audiences. Portal to the Public offers one solution to museums seeking to sustain a commitment to delivering experiences that reflect the dynamic pace of research, and the need to connect local communities to scientific research occurring in their midst.


FastDIRC is a novel fast Monte Carlo and reconstruction algorithm for DIRC detectors. A DIRC employs rectangular fused-silica bars both as Cherenkov radiators and as light guides. Cherenkov-photon imaging and time-of-propagation information are utilized by a DIRC to identify charged particles. GEANT4-based DIRC Monte Carlo simulations are extremely CPU intensive. The FastDIRC algorithm permits fully simulating a DIRC detector more than 10 000 times faster than using GEANT4. This facilitates designing a DIRC-reconstruction algorithm that improves the Cherenkov-angle resolution of a DIRC detector by ≈ 30% compared to existing algorithms. FastDIRC also greatly reduces the time required to study competing DIRC-detector designs.


Stress conditions in tectonic zones were analyzed in the view of formation mechanism of geologic structures,and the mechanism of coal burst induced by geologic structures such as faults,folds and transformations was discussed using ground pressure theory and numerical simulation method.Furthermore,typical cases of coal burst were enumerated.The research results show that the superposition of tectonic stress and disturbance stress is the essence of coal burst induced by geologic structures such as faults,folds and transformations;one fold can be divided into five parts according to the difference of stress states,and coal burst has often happened in the synclinal axis,the anticlinal axis and the flank of fold;the effective approach to prevent tectonic-controlled coal burst is to avoid the stress superposition.


This research aims to: 1)produce a website as learning media in the topic of electromagnetic induction, 2)know the feasibility of the website media, 3)know the students responses to the website as learning media. Research subject is 30 students of MAN Godean. Research object is website as media learning.
 This research is a research and development (R&D) with 4-D models. Define stage is an early stage to define and establish the needs of learning. In design stage, learning media was prepared. In develop stage, learning media was developed and validated by validator. Feedback was received through validation by expert and teacher of physics. Limited try out was applied for 5 students and more extensive try out was applied for 30 students of MAN Godean. In disseminate stage, product wass registered in the Google search engine. The data analysis technique used was descriptive analysis for comment and advice by expert and teacher of physics, validations score and student responses.
This research had produced website (fisika.besaba.com) as learning media in the electomagnetic induction. Result of validation scores shows that the website as learning media developed is feasible to use. Validation scores is 4,2 which includes good categories. As the responses, students agree that the website used as learning media.

Keywords: learning media, website, project based learning, electromagnetic induction


The goal of this paper is to study the applicability of 3D printing technology to assess the effect of joint roughness on the shear strength of weakness planes with non-persistent discontinuities. Three disc-shaped profiles were generated to make joints with low, intermediate, and high levels of roughness. Powder-based 3D printing technology was applied to provide two types of samples: Type-A samples (joint samples) and Type-B samples (samples with a non-persistent joint). Type-A samples were printed to assess the shear behavior of 3D-printed joints, and Type-B samples were printed to investigate the joint roughness and rock bridge cohesion contributions to the shear strength of partially discontinuous planes. For comparison purposes, several plaster samples containing a non-persistent joint were cast as well. Three series of direct shear experiments were performed on Type-A, Type-B, and plaster samples under constant normal load conditions. The effects of two parameters, namely normal stress and joint roughness, on the shear behavior of the 3D-printed specimens were separately investigated, and the interaction between them was analyzed. The evaluation of the experimental results indicates the existence of two-way interaction between the joint roughness and the applied normal stress of Type-B samples. The experimental results obtained from plaster samples were compared with those obtained from Type-B samples. The comparison reveals that 3D-printed samples properly reflect the effects of joint roughness and normal stress on the shear strength of partially discontinuous planes, although their prepeak and post-peak behaviors are different from those of plaster specimens.


The present invention, lysine uptake stimulating lactic acid bacteria strains of non-pathogenic; preferably the strain of Lactobacillus reuteri, such as Lactobacillus reuteri strain ATCC PTA-6127, for the selection and use. For example fur in a pet animal - hair and nail for the improvement of quality, products and methods using such strains are also encompassed by the present invention.


Purpose: to include the most relevant preoperative imaging features of sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) in a grading system that would provide guidance to surgeons during excision of such rare tumors. Patients and Methods: The medical records of patients with SCT, who were managed at our hospital during the period 2009 through 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Only cases of SCT with available preoperative cross-sectional imaging studies (MRI and/or CT scans) were included in the study. The preoperative imaging features were correlated to the operative and pathological findings. Results: The study included 24 cases of SCT (20 females and 4 males). Their age at presentation ranged from day one to 36 months. The following were identified as relevant preoperative imaging features to be included in our proposed grading system: tumor size, level of deep extension of the tumor, and tumor consistency. Among predominantly cystic SCT, a special subtype C3 could be identified with its characteristic irregular internal cyst wall thickening caused by the in-growth of solid tumor component. These cases were always associated with immature pathology. Conclusion: MRI is a useful modality in the preoperative assessment of cases of SCT by providing a grading system that can indicate for the prognosis and degree of expected surgical challenge.


ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between a managed care program and preventable hospitalization for Medicaid beneficiaries. Also, a theoretical framework of market competition is developed to examine the relationship between the Medicaid managed care market and preventable hospitalization for overall Medicaid patients across all Medicaid payer groups. The data of the study were 1,957,072 Medicaid patients aged 18–64 years who were discharged from a short-term general hospital in Florida from 2006 to 2012. We used two-level hierarchal models to predict the probability of preventable hospitalization. The results show that Medicaid managed care patients had a higher probability of preventable hospitalization than Medicaid fee-for-service patients. This study also found that market competition moderates the relationship between Medicaid insurance type and preventable hospitalization.


Description Mutant forms of a phospholipase C isoform mediate oncogenic signaling in uveal melanoma. A driver oncogene for uveal melanoma Uveal melanoma (UM) is an aggressive form of cancer that arises in the eye and lacks treatment options when it has become metastatic—the stage at which many patients with UM is diagnosed. Some UMs have mutations in the gene encoding the phospholipase PLCβ4. Phan et al. found that these mutations constitutively activated PLCβ4 and related isoforms, and proliferation was increased in melanocytes expressing these mutants. Expressing the UM-associated PLCβ4 mutant in cutaneous melanocytes induced proliferation in culture and tumorigenesis in mice. The findings reveal that PLCβ4 mediates oncogenic signaling in UM, and thus, targeting known mediators downstream of PLCβ4 (such as the kinase MEK, for which inhibitors exist) may be effective at treating this subset of UM. Activating mutations in Gαq/11 proteins are frequent in uveal melanoma, the most common eye cancer arising from the uveal tract. A small proportion of uveal melanomas have a D630Y mutation in phospholipase C β4 (PLCβ4), an effector of Gαq/11. Here, we found that the D630Y mutation in PLCβ4 results in a high level of constitutive PLCβ4 activity. Mutations at the corresponding position in other PLC isoforms also resulted in constitutive activity, revealing an unrecognized mechanism underlying PLC activation. In cultured human uveal melanoma cell lines, inhibition of PLC suppressed proliferation in Gαq/11-dependent cells. Furthermore, we found that PLCβ4(D630Y) mediated proliferation in cutaneous melanocytes and the growth of melanomas in mice. These results are consistent with PLCβ4(D630Y) driving oncogenic signaling downstream of Gαq/11.


The present invention reduces the number of buttons to apply the touch pad on the remote control operation of a combination of the finger on the touch pad without movement OK button on the remote control and that a change in the touch on the touch pad as an upgrade of the firmware adds capabilities. Function to the a control unit for controlling the various functional blocks as a whole in order to charge all the functions of the touch pad is mounted remote control according to the present invention is a remote controller, various functions, for example the power (POWER), TV, VCR, CATV selections, etc. selecting section and, with the key input unit provided with number keys, a power supply for supplying power for operating the remote control, each time the user inputs a signal through the selected functional unit and a key input of the control unit so that the function is performed in the remote control-part signal generator for generating a signal for performing certain functions under the control, it mounted on the body a predetermined portion of said remote control includes a touch area within a function setting region performs a predetermined function each time the touch the touch area to include a touch pad such that the input signal for the control unit is characterized in that configured. A touch pad, a remote control, a touch area, the main menu, submenu


We tested auditory and visual perception of the vowelto-vowel [yi] gesture via the production of a [ ] epenthetic glide in-between. This epenthetic glide can gain in the course of linguistic change the status of a true represented segment, like v in French pouvoir, hence English power (from Old French t deletion of Latin potere): what we dubbed the power-effect (Cathiard et al. [2]). In experiment 1, we showed that the retraction movement in the off-gliding phase of the [y] vowel is misleading for the anticipation of the following [i] vowel, since [i] identification always comes after the minimal [ ] constriction event. Moreover the identification boundary in the audio condition is systematically ahead (by at least 20 ms) of the visual condition. In experiment 2, we tested if the epenthetic glide could give birth to a consonant, using an audiovisual McGurk paradigm. We evidenced that this glide needs to be sufficiently lengthened (i.e. maintained in a static phase) in order to be integrated with the sound and represented as a true consonant.


Summary The refraction problem, well-known in calculus and physics, continues to reveal new insights. This paper presents a geometric solution in which the trammel of Archimedes plays the prominent role. When properly configured, the trammel generates an ellipse and its family of normal lines. One normal line in particular intersects the boundary separating the media, the intersection point being the solution. The trammel, implemented as a rolling circle mechanism, can be constructed physically and/or programmed as a computer animation.


The artworks of Gyumri painter Grigor Harutyunyan known as Nalband remain unknown among the artists' community. There is almost no information about him, there haven't been any exhibitions of his artworks during lifetime and his art has never been presented. Nevertheless… Grigor Nalband remains the quintessential documentarian of post-earthquake Leninakan. With the help of canvas and brush he managed to present the dark and the cold, loss and regain, the endless wander of citizens' frozen and petrified soles, the frail body and spiritual light, the longing to remain human…


This article focuses on an evaluation of Naples as an artistic centre in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Art-historical theories of centre and periphery as proposed by Kenneth Clark (1962), Enrico Castelnuovo and Carlo Ginzburg (1979), and Thomas DaKosta Kaufmann (1995) are based primarily on an assessment of the production and export of art works. They fail to explain the impact of consumer-orientated court societies on artistic development. Taking Naples as an example, the applicability of more recent sociological models are considered – those by Saskia Sassen (1991) and Ulf Hannerz (1992), both based on Immanuel Wallerstein's 'World System Theory' (1974). The criteria Hannerz set forth for a cultural definition of a world city can be applied convincingly to fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Naples. The import of foreign artists and artefacts into Naples was not a one-sided affair but was counterbalanced by the export of cultural standards to other centres, where they influenced in return the artistic reception and production. This article argues that the complex dynamics of patronage are, therefore, a question of polycentricity, not only geographically but also socially, and that the dynamics of patronage should be studied with more attention to sociological methods.


Preface The central issue in this thesis is the detailed investigation of size and shape of polymers and polymer aggregates. A large part of the work is concerned with computational studies of grafted polymers under confinement (Paper I-III), with the aim of a better understanding of the behaviour of chains with varying interaction potential and stiffness. The results can then serve as a test for more approximative theories, as well as preliminary predictions of what to expect from experiments probing the detailed polymeric structure. To understand the effect of the physical properties on chain entanglement complexity, we have looked at a single chain polymer mushroom in some detail. These studies were then extended to aggregating polymer systems, both confined to a spherical surface (Paper V) and in solution (Paper VII). We have also developed methods which can serve as convenient tools for extracting detailed information from simulation data (paper IV and VI). By carefully characterizing the detailed shape, our intension is twofold: i) to test the validity of simplified models for confined polymer systems, and ii) quantify property-to-structure relationships, which can be useful for design and interpretation for polymers at surfaces. The first issue is addressed in paper I and II whereas the latter objective is central in paper III. Next, we discuss aggregation of diblock copolymers on a sphere, and the thesis ends with a characterization of inclusion complexes with static and dynamic light scattering. A note to the reader This summary contains both references and footnotes. The information in the footnote is purely additional, and one will not loose the main idea if skipping all the footnotes. The references are given between square brackets (e.g., [32]), whereas the footnotes are given by just a number (e.g., 1).


Active and passive components of crystal oscillators and frequency dividers were tested to determine their performance at temperatures from 300 C to 350 C. The properties of GaAs JFETs were determined and their performance compared with that of silicon devices. Techniques for constructing breadboard circuits were assessed for operation in this temperature range. A Pierce oscillator and a multivibrator (Colorado crystal) oscillator were constructed and tested. Device failures are discussed.


To investigate circadian gene expressions in the mouse bladder urothelium to establish an experimental model and study the functions of the circadian rhythm.


Summary Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AHA) rarely occurs in cancer of the prostate, pancreas and stomach, occurring more commonly in reticuloses. This report deals with a patient with a squamous lung carcinoma and AHA.


The Hungarian Competition Authority ("HCA") ordered Tesco to give undertakings in the first proceedings based on the Hungarian Trade Act without concluding whether or not there had been an…


With his circulation theorem, Vilhelm Bjerknes extended Kelvin's theorem from barotropic to baroclinic environments. In doing so, he built a bridge between the scientific disciplines of hydrodynamics and thermodynamics. Application of his theorem to circulations in atmosphere and ocean led Bjerknes to publish a paper in 1904 expressing a vision and a programme for scientific weather forecasting. With generous funding from the Carnegie Institution of Washington from 1905, Bjerknes for the rest of his life dedicated his scientific strength to his vision. Needed theories on the dynamics of the atmosphere were given in a number of textbooks that he wrote together with his assistants. With the Bergen School of Meteorology he renewed weather forecasting throughout the world. Bjerknes' work inspired Louis Fry Richardson to his famous experiment to compute a change in the state of the atmosphere. Bjerknes and his assistants also inspired Arnt Eliassen and Ragnar Fjortoft, who played important roles in developing numerical weather prediction after the Second World War. The name of Vilhelm Bjerknes has now been honoured by the establishment of the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research in Bergen, Norway.


AA5083 aluminium alloy has been shown to be partially passivated by a 2-step anodic pre-treatment in Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([P6,6,6,14][NTf2]) ionic liquid. Surface characterisation revealed that an electrochemical etching process had occurred, comparable to acid etching of aluminium. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results have established that magnesium dealloyed from the Mg2Si intermetallic particles and metal fluorides were deposited onto the remaining Mg2Si sites, which subsequently led to decreased anodic corrosion kinetics (to one third of the control) as well as an increase in the corrosion and pitting potentials. This unique electrochemical etching process offers a simple and quick method to improve the corrosion resistance of an aluminium alloy as it leads to a more uniform surface, in terms of defect size and distribution, compared to conventional acid etching. This process has the potential to be used as a pre-treatment to inhibit corrosion of AA5083 alloy.


Distinguished by piety as well as generosity , late medieval female founders1 had reasons to expect public approval and acclaim. The primary sources however mention some who despite their donations , foundations and monastic vows compromised their pious images by "controversial" political or moral choices. The following six stories gleaned from a variety of late Byzantine chronicles , letters and documents reflect what the emperor , the church authorities , the narrator and , possibly , public opinion considered inappropriate behavior in a female founder.2 Let us now inquire into the nature of the founders' transgressions and if the written evidence permits , their connection with the monastic establishments.


Beside contains chemical elements that can be utilized for fertilizer, boiler ash as one of mill waste from pulp and paper industry also contains transition metals in the form of heavy metal such as Boron (B), Chrome (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Cupprum (Cu) and Cadmium (Cd). These heavy metals may cause some environment issues if use directly as their concentrations is higher than the threshold level. It is become a current and continuous trend in industry to implement green technology in order to reduce the impact of mill waste into environment by reducing, extracting and removal of these heavy metals. A system extraction by using stearyl amine as a collector for heavy metal combined with organic solvent such as ethanol and n-hexane as media was proceeded to reduce some elements from boiler ash. Stearyl amine at 15 g worked more powerful in n-hexane compared to ethanol, that after 4 hours processes the elements were reduced at 40%, 43%, 55%, 67% and 76% for B, Cr, Co, Cu and Cd respectively.


The effect of scavenger reactivity in a hot reaction zone is considered using the model and symbolism of the kinetic theory of hot atom reactions. Expressions are derived which enable the extent of scavenger interference to be estimated from experimental scavenger curves, and a simple method of correcting available kinetic theory parameters is given.


Pesticides were applied to fresh market table grapes on 19 Apr. Vine spacing was 12 ft between rows and 8 ft within rows. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design and there were 5 replicates for each treatment and the check. Each replicate was one row wide and extended into the vineyard to include the 20th vine from the field edge. Spray materials were applied with a hand gun at 175 gal/acre 200 psi. Both sides of all vine rows were sprayed to runoff. Leafhopper counts were taken with a D-Vac suction sampler with a ft2 nose cone.


Due to the multi spans,it needs several times of closures to complete the whole construction for long multi-span box girder bridges with wide section.So,for this kind of bridge,strictly controlling the alignment of the beam(including the transversal alignment)is more difficult and also more important.Based on a 18-spans single box continuous bridge with wide section on Passenger Dedicated Line,construction monitoring technology for multi spans and high speed railway continuous beam bridges was discussed in this paper,the reasonable deformation of cradles and the principle for determining the formwork elevation of cantilevered segment were described also.With the software MIDAS CIVIL6.7.1,the finite element model was established to simulate and calculate the whole construction procedure,during this process,the calculation parameters were continuously updated based on the measured data.Finally the construction elevation of each segment and the reasonable elevation of formwork were obtained to make sure that the alignment and stress state conform to the design in the final stage.


Demand in electricity is in need in every second in every hour. Such this requirement is
to be fulfilled every time. However, one cannot expect to get electricity every second in
the every hour continuously. Electrical distribution system is where the consumers
receive electricity every time and it is where they suffer when the power supply cuts off
from our places. To get non-interruptible power supply in case the original supply line
cuts off because of several reasons such as if the line is under repair, or faulted at the
distribution side, a new method called Non-interruptible distribution Method is proposed
to solve the problem. This method consists of four main supply methods while applying it
into any electrical distribution system. They are:
1) 0.415 KV non-interruptible supply method
2) Low voltage (LV) non-interruptible supply method
3) Power generation Vehicle supply method
4) Non-interruptible meter exchange method
In this project, non-interruptible distribution system has been proposed. This method will
be used to solve electrical outage problems in the distribution lines for the industrial,
commercial and residential consumers. Initially, it will reduce or minimize the outage
time and finally it will eliminate outages for the consumers.


Abstract - English, as an international language, is used in the Philippines as official language on communication and instruction in addition to Filipino irregardless of culture, regional origin, dialect, among others. This study determined phonological features in Philippine English used by the tourism service providers who have direct contact to tourists in their locality. Questionnaire, in sentences form, was used in data gathering, which were read by the respondents to elicit their segmental and suprasegmental features and was documented through video/audio recording. Transcribed words from sentences were rated through International Phonetic Alphabet symbols and for suprasegmetal features those were focused on intonation in answering WH/Yes-No questions, and sentences in statement form. Results showed some mispronounced or replaced or interchanged in consonant and vowel sounds. Their suprasegmental features sounded somewhat similar to native speaker. Factors such as age, educational attainment, and geographical location somewhat affect their phonological features. It is a realization as English as a Second Language (ESL) Teacher that it is not to push sounding like an English native speaker, but to use the learned English as second language, counting this as our own Philippine English with our own phonological features, noting that there is no extreme communication breakdown. Data of the study can be used by State Colleges and Universities, and other higher education institutions in partnership with the tourism department to design intervention programs as part of their extension program on capability building to tourism service providers.

Keywords -  Philippine English, Phonological Features, Segmental, Suprasegmental


A description of integrated training methods of time-delay neural networks (TDNNs) for spotting all Japanese phonemes is presented. The time-shift invariance of the TDNN is confirmed by the use of 2620 testing words, with 95.8% of the phonemes correctly spotted. These experiments show that the spotting performance of the TDNN is high, while types of tendencies toward insertion and deletion errors are clarified. To reduce these spotting errors, integrated training methods using various training token positions are proposed. These methods allow the TDNN to correctly spot phonemes at a rate of 98.0% and also make it possible to realize large-vocabulary, vocabulary-independent speech recognition. To verify this, large-vocabulary speech recognition with 5240 common Japanese words was performed using a predictive LR parser. Recognition rates of 92.6% and 97.6% were obtained for the first and second choices respectively.<<ETX>>


The effects of reaction temperature, SO_2 and CO_2 concentration in an air gas stream, particle sizes of limestone on the reactivity and capacity of SO_2 removal have been determined in a thermogravimetric analyser(TGA). The apparent reaction order of sulfation reaction of pre-calcined lime(CaO) with respect to SO_2 is found to be close to unity. The apparent activation energies are found to be 17,000 ㎉/kmol for sulfation of pre-calcined lime and 19,500 ㎉/kmol for direct sulfation of limestone(CaCO_3). The initial sulfation reaction rate of pre-calcined lime increases with increasing temperature, whereas the sulfur capture capacity exhibits a maximum value at 900℃. In direct sulfation of limestone, sulfation reactivity and sulfur capature capacity of sorbent increase with increasing temperature and decreasing CO_2 concentration in a gas bulk stream. The main pore of pre-calcined lime is shifted to the larger pore sizes and pore volume decreases with increasing sulfation time and temperature. The surface area of lime decreases with increasing calcination temperature under an air atmosphere, whereas is rearly constant under a CO_2(5, 10%) atmosphere in a gas stream.


The analysis of drought disasters data of Tang Dynasty in Guanzhon showed that there were 112 drought disasters in 618-907.The characteristics of these drought disasters are as follews: Firstly,they could be obviously divided in to five stages;Secondly,they occurred mostly at summer spring;Thirdly,they were very serious.Drought disaster had affected the economic and social development,agriculture and natural environment.There had a significant relationship between the drought disaster occurrences and the local climate changes,topography and the reclamation activity of migration.


10564Background: Childhood cancer survivors exposed to abdominal radiotherapy (abdRT) are at increased risk for diabetes mellitus (DM). We examined the association between DM risk and pancreatic ra...


- Some machine should interpret the emotional state of humans beings or human and adapt its behaviour to them, giving an appropriate response for the emotions. Affective computing is the study and development of systems and devices which could or can recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human affects. Affective computing is human-computer interaction where the device has the ability to detect and appropriately respond to its user's emotions and other stimuli. It is an interdisciplinary field spanning computer science, psychology, and cognitive science. A motivation is the ability to simulate empathy.


Aim. To study the effectiveness of long-term physical training of moderate intensity in patients with arterial hypertension working age who have suffered acute myocardial infarction in the framework of the Russian randomized trial.Materials and methods. The study included 206 patients with arterial hypertension after acute myocardial infarction (not earlier than 3 weeks from the event). Patients were randomized into 2 groups: basic group 102 and control 104. All patients received standard medical therapy. In the main group used physical training in a mode of medium intensity (50-60% power during a load test) 3 times a week for 1 year. The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed by clinical data and results of instrumental and laboratory analysis.Results. After a year of physical training in patients with arterial hypertension after acute myocardial infarction, there was a significant increase in physical performance by increasing the load duration (38%; p <0.001) and total volume of performed physical work (89.7 per cent; p <0,001) on the background of decreasing load magnitude a double of the work (8.2%); p <0.01. This was accompanied by a significant increase in ejection fraction of the left ventricle by 7.6% ( p <0.001) and stroke volume of the heart by 5.1% ( p <0.01). In the control group was not noted positive developments, in contrast, showed a significant increase in the left atrium (4.3%, p <0.05) on the absence of dynamics of indicators of physical performance. Under the effect of physical training decreased blood pressure levels: systolic blood pressure -3.1% ( p <0.05) and diastolic blood pressure by 3.5% ( p <0.001) against the increase in the group natrenirovavshit patients (3.1%; p <0.05; and 3.4%; p <0.05 respectively). Physical exercise exerted anti-ischemic effect, which is manifested in the reduction of episodes of myocardial ischemia, including silent, and of angina attacks and consumption of nitroglycerin unlike patients of the control group. The trained patients showed a significant decrease in the primary endpoint of 50% ( p <0.05) and disability days (by 43.2%; p <0.05) against the control group.Conclusion. Long-term (one year) of physical exercise of moderate intensity in patients with arterial hypertension complicated by acute myocardial infarction, conducted on III outpatient phase of cardiac rehabilitation provides a stable course of the disease, reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications, improve the patient's quality of life and are safe in the vast majority.


: Studying the differential characteristics and driving factors of land use efficiency in different functional cities under the condition of undesirable outputs has great significance for urban sustainable development. This paper applied the improved EBM model in DEA to measure land use efficiency for 268 Chinese cities across five categories. Grey correlation modeling was used to explore the main driving factors of land use efficiency. We found that ignoring ecologically negative effects leads to an overestimation of land use efficiency. Land use efficiency of each functional city was different, proving that the measurement was scientific in terms of city function type. Land use efficiency curves were relatively steep and had periodic variation without considering the undesirable output while this curve became relatively gentle and had less periodic variation when taking the undesirable output into consideration. The main driving factors of land use efficiency in different functional cities contain significant differences. For integrated cities these driving factors included industrial structure, degree of land marketization and capacity of environmental governance; for resource- based cities they were industrial structure, external dependence, government regulation, industrial structure; for industry- based cities they were the degree of land marketization and regional energy structure; for entertainment- based cities they were the level of urbanization, economic development and capacity of environmental governance; for local cities it was mainly affected by the level of urbanization, economic development and government regulation. We need to fully consider the undesirable output and city heterogeneity in order to improve urban land use efficiency and determine different land management policies.


We describe a synthesis-for-testability approach targeting broadside testing of transition faults. We refer to this process as synthesis for broadside testability. Unlike design-for-testability (DFT) procedures that require additional control inputs to implement DFT modes of operation, synthesis for broadside testability uses only the standard scan design and relies on broadside tests to detect target faults. The proposed procedure improves the testability of a circuit by changing next-states of state- transitions from its unreachable states, i.e., states that the circuit cannot enter during functional operation. In this way, it replaces broadside tests of the original circuit with new broadside tests that are more effective in detecting target faults.