Regardless of how much the Kazakhstan authorities advertise the country's oil and gas "abundance", it was and remains an agrarian country, and thus its main resource is land. Unfortunately, nowadays because of violation of agricultural technology, non-observance of water regime, lack of funds for land reclamation, low culture of farming, weak agricultural education and influence of natural factors, soil erosion is aggravated on two thirds of the territory of the country. Soil is an inexhaustible natural resource that plays an important role in global food production. It is estimated that 2.6 billion people suffer from soil degradation and desertification this means that over one hundred countries suffer from over 33% of the Earth's surface. Unless new approaches are implemented, the total arable and fertile land per capita in 2050 will be only a quarter of what it was in 1960. The article aims to assess the soil erosion propensity of the Semey test site territory using Geographic Information System (GIS), Earth Remote Sensing (ERS), and Spectral Indices (SI). In the course of these studies, the SI maps of the study area, soil erosion assessment maps combined with GIS-technology and remote sensing of the studied mathematical models and proposed a model for assessing soil erosion were developed on the basis of these methods.


Tl(z,t) = 2Pk(t)z k=l _ 'IX + fA(j>\ u, — ^ " j * 1 VIX — X<j>\ ty + p ~ _U + A*f + X + ix\ LU + /*/ * + /*. where <f> = e<*+">* and there are i herds at time t = 0. We notice that we can write U(z, t) = (Plz + 1 Piy-Hp2z + 1 p2) -*z where px = (X + fj4>)l(X + fi) and pz = (X — X<f>)j(X + fi) are, for t > 0, positive numbers less than one. Hence it follows from the convolution property of p.g.f.'s that


This study aims to look at whether or not it is sufficient to only use smartphone sensors to judge if someone who is driving a car is driving aggressively or smoothly. To determine this, data were ...


This paper describes an experience in computer-based teaching and assessment in three topics in basic physics. A module is developed for each topic using the Authorware courseware authoring tool. The first module is on fundamental particles, the second on binding energy, and the third on atom density calculation. These modules are also installed on the web. Each module has four components: 1) definition, 2) example, 3) review questions, and 4) quiz. Students can see their performance on review questions interactively and have the option to repeat them, and receive on-line feedback on their score. Similarly, their performance on a quiz is evaluated on-line and feedback is provided to them. In addition, their score on each quiz as well as the time they spent taking the quiz are sent back to the instructor and stored in a permanent file. The courseware provides an overall assessment, in graphical format, of the average performance of all students who took a quiz, as well as each individual student's performance. These modules are taught as supplementary part s of a course in Fundamentals of Nuclear Engineering at the University of Missouri-Rolla Nuclear Engineering Department. The experience has been positive with more than 80% of the students supporting the value of the interactive and self-pace learning of these modules.


This paper deal with the calculation of load flow in mixed three-phase and multiphase(six-phase and twelve-phase) transmission lines (power system network) by the method of phase coordinates covering balanced and unbalanced network situation. Initially, threephase transmission line load jlow model, six-phase transmission line load jlow model and twelvephase transmission line load flow model derived for phasor coordinate. Three-phasehix-phase and three-phase/twelve-phase transformer load flow models developed in the phase frame of reference for assembly of the multiphase bus admittance matrix. Loadflow is a basic analytical studv to ascertain the performance of power systems under steadv state operating conditions. Load flow methods have been fairly well established to analyse conventional three-phase s-vstems. both for balanced and as well as unbalanced conditions. However, !f integrated three-phase and six-phase and twelve-phase system is to be analysed. threephase techniques to be extended to using actual models of six-phase elements and twelve-phase element in phasor coordinate. Several cases of load flow analysis which demonspate the various aspects of the problem are carried out on a test system employing the familiar Gauss-Seidel technique and the salient feature of the results are presented. Finally. the conclusions based on the Jinding of the present investigations are reported.


The effect of supplementation with amino acids on the nutritive value of a vegetable protein mixture (VPM) was studied. The preparation consists of 47% autoclaved chick peas, 35% defatted sesame fl...


The reaction between (F3C)2B=NMe2, 1, and acetonitrile at low temperature in pentane yields a bora-acetonitrile rather than the expected coordination complex. This appears to arise from the two undergoing an ene reaction followed by a rearrangement analogous to a ketenimine-nitrile rearrangement. Computational studies indicate that mechanistic steps suggested for the latter require energies too large for the reaction to take place under the experimental conditions. Instead, a mechanism in which the ene reaction product is attacked by a second molecule of 1, followed by hydrogen transfer and decomposition, exhibits barriers lower than that for the ene reaction. The mechanism implies that the fragment of 1 in the observed product is not the one that underwent the ene reaction. The ene reaction barrier is rate-determining, and is low enough to conform to the experimental conditions.


Abstract Introduction Across the UK, approximately 10,000 elective neck dissection surgeries (thyroidectomy/parathyroidectomy) are performed each year. The recognised post-operative complications of such surgeries range from mild post-operative hypocalcaemia to life threatening wound haematoma . Aim This project aimed to establish the awareness of the British Association of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons (BAETS) post thyroidectomy guidelines and provide targeted education in order to improve any identified failings in the management of this patient group. Methods A nine point questionnaire was generated based on the guidelines published by BAETS. This questionnaire was disseminated to the junior doctors and nurse practitioners based on the surgical unit of North Tees General Hospital. Results Results were analysed from twenty respondents. 92% opted to call a registrar or consultant during a critical airway emergency secondary to wound haematoma rather than attempt to open the wound on the ward. Respondents displayed poor understanding of the risks of thyroid surgery (55%) and struggled to identify symptoms of hypocalcaemia (25%). Participants showed good understanding of the need for post-operative thyroxine (100%), the correct dose of calcium gluconate required for treatment of hypocalcaemia (90%) and normal calcium levels (85%). A video was created and distributed which highlighted front of neck anatomy and steps involved in releasing a wound haematoma. This included the 'SCOOP' video created by Endocrine Surgery Oxford. Data collected following the session found 93% of respondents would be more confident to intervene in future. Conclusion It is vital that junior doctors are well educated and equipped to deal with post-operative patients, especially those who may develop imminent airway obstruction. Our "cut throat" approach aims to ensure our first responders are decisive and effective in carrying out life saving interventions.


Not all parents will need or accept counselling following miscarriage, stillbirth or neonatal death. Professionals must be aware not to force parents to take this option. Parents need to be given choices and a sense of control over a situation where there may have been little of either, even if it is the choice of whether or not to take up the offer of counselling. The aim of bereavement counselling service for parents is to offer emotional support and professional counselling at their request following pregnancy loss or neonatal death. The aim for staff is to support and provide education in bereavement related issues for professionals involved in the care of bereaved families, in recognition of the challenging and demanding nature of this work.


Abstract The ferroelectric phase transition in fine particles of lead titanate (PbTiO3; PT) was studied by Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction for various particle sizes.


The present invention is an invention relating to a light diffusing lens. If the light diffusing lens according to an embodiment of the present invention enters the first position on top of the light source and that the light emitted in an upper direction from the light source is incident; If the second entrance positioned at the top of the light source and that the light emitted by the upper or the lateral direction is incident from the light source; If the third incident is provided on the side of the light source that the light emitted laterally from the light source is incident; A first reflection surface is formed on the top surface of the light diffusing lens according to the refracted light from the first incident surface or the second incident surface total reflection; The second reflection surface is formed on the bottom surface of the light diffusing lens according to the refracted light from the third incident surface total reflection; And forming a side surface of the light-diffusing lens and the first incidence surface, the second incidence surface, or the third of the total reflection in the refracted light from the first reflecting surface or the second reflective surface light from the incident surface outside a projection surface for projecting a; may contain.


A space-vector-based bang-bang controller, driving a rotating target system [space-vector bang-bang controller with flux aligned hysteresis shape (SVBF)] such as a machine or an ac power supply, is discussed in this paper. A two-level three-phase conventional inverter is used as a means of power conversion. The advantages, such as a low switching frequency as well as further opportunities of the SVBF, are specified. The results show the high degree of flexibility and potential for the SVBF in future applications.


This study examines the relationship between family ownership and export performance, and innovation capabilities as a mediation variable. We conceptualize our study to "familiarity" as the family system interaction in business activity. However, the principle of internationalization in SMEs has a consequences, including an increase in innovative behavior. To fill this gap, this study offers innovation capabilities to SMEs. Using 172 SMEs in Malang Regency, Indonesia, this study found that there is a positive relationship between family ownership and innovation capabilities with export performance. We also find that this relationship is mediated by innovation capabilities. In the end, we conducted a discussion and concluded the findings.


Is a critical, compassionate spectatorship of mass media possible? This is the chief inquiry underlying Laura D'Olimpio's Media and Moral Education, which blends elements of ethics, art criticism, media literacy, and educational theory to make a case for the importance of philosophical thinking in enhancing technology-based communications. D'Olimpio argues in favour of what she calls "critical perspectivism": an ethical attitude toward the multiple perspectives presented in mass art and media, achieved through a balance of critical and compassionate engagement. She deems such an attitude especially important in a post-truth internet culture where information is abundant, rapidly changing, and rarely reliable at face value. In her view, a critical perspectivist is able to distinguish between the content and its consumer or creator, at least to the extent that they exhibit compassion for the latter as a fellow human being. They do this even as they lend a critical eye on the former through careful examination and argumentation. According to D'Olimpio's argument, if a critically perspectival attitude can enhance the process of deciding beliefs and values both on and offline, it becomes all the more crucial because such decision-making can in turn affect the moral treatment of others. In her opening chapters, she provides an overview of critical perspectivism's importance, then narrows in on its compassionate and critical features in her middle chapters, drawing on key ideas from Martha Nussbaum's neo-Aristotelian virtue ethics, as well as aesthetic accounts of mass art by theorists like T. W. Adorno and Gilles Deleuze. In her subsequent chapter on multiliteracies, through varied examples of recent multimedia trends, she describes what critical perspectivism might look like in practice, referencing online actions like #IllRideWithYou as prime instances of people challenging prevailing discriminatory stances in favour of more civic responses reflecting rational compassion (p. 90).1 Finally, in her closing chapter, in light of what she sees as critical perspectivism's moral potential in the face of technology's increasing grip on communications, D'Olimpio argues it should be integrated into young people's education, notably through pedagogical methodologies that can foster critical and compassionate engagement like the


The CPU simulators has become an important aspect of teaching computer architecture since they show to the students the execution of a program inside of a particular processor. However, the majority of them are not user friendly and do not show the logic circuits inside the processor working together in order to execute an instruction. The purpose of this paper is to present the design and implementation of a CPU Simulator that meets those requirements. The simulator is based in a FPGA soft processor, a multi-cycle processor in VHDL, that has been tested on the top of SPARTAN-3E development board. The FPGA soft processor was reprogrammed in C++ because a graphical user interface (GUI) and a compiler were added to the simulator. In this fashion the simulator users could understand and learn the interaccions between the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) of the processor with its lower levels of hardware (datapath and control unit).


those who were considered savage. When rebellions did occur, such as in Stono, South Carolina, or those led by Denmark Vesey or Nat Turner, they were met with swift and violent ends. Even after the Civil War had brought an end to slavery, African Americans were continually controlled by violence and fears of a race war throughout the Jim Crow era. Fear of extermination even influenced the Civil Rights movement as men like Martin Luther King Jr. fought for equality but did so with civil disobedience, in hopes of averting a possible race war. Wright shows that whites also feared a potential race war, especially after episodes like the Haitian Revolution, Nat Turner's failed uprising, and even John Brown's raid. Whites were keenly aware of African military traditions and therefore justified violence and the inhumanity of slavery in the interest of self-preservation. Whites' continued fears of extermination led to mass killings of Blacks during the Civil War and continued violence after emancipation. With both sides fearful of extermination from a race war, Wright demonstrates that the reality was in reality one-sided. Where whites were fearful, Blacks experienced the reality of extermination every day. Even whites who sided with the plight of slaves could not understand this terror, as seen in the example of John Brown. Blacks did not come to the aid of Brown at Harpers Ferry, because they knew the likely consequences of their actions upon innocent men, women, and children. Wright supports her thesis by using a wide range of sources and covers the entire Atlantic world from the conquests of Ireland and West Africa, to rebellions in the Caribbean, to the early practice of slavery in America, and to how these historical notions affect us today.


This research focuses on the development scheme of a power converter in a gas engine cogeneration system using a power hardware-in-the-loop simulation. A matrix converter is adopted to substitute a conventional ac/dc/ac converter and transfers three phase electricity to single phase electricity directly. To inevstigate the interaction between gas engine-generator unit and the proposed matrix converter, a power hardware-in-the-loop simulation is carried out, in which a piece of real matrix converter is installed in the simulation loop and interfaces with the numerical model of gas engine-generator unit. Numerical models of gas engine and generator are presented and verified by experiment. The configuration of the power hardware-in-the-loop simulation is described and results are also presented, through which the practical application of matrix converter is well demonstrated.


We have investigated the temperature and bias dependence of the Hanle effect in a composite n-type Ge system consisting of a heavily doped surface layer and a moderately doped Ge substrate, using three-terminal Hanle measurements. A large spin signal of ∼5.1 kΩμm2 and a spin lifetime of ∼105 ps are obtained at 300 K. The spin signal, spin lifetime, and their asymmetries with respect to the bias polarity have been measured over a temperature range from 5 K to 300 K. Intriguingly, an inverted Hanle effect, indicating the sign inversion of spin polarization in Ge, is observed at low temperature.


HUANG Ting-jian is the famous litterateur and calligrapher and connoisseur of calligraphy and painting. His theory for the brushwork is relationship of his works. This paper studies the issues of Zen and rhyme, reality and imaginary, poem consistent with painting and so on.


A serially coupled double microsphere resonator is investigated to reduce the nonfundamental resonances and therefore expand the resonance frequency spacing in microsphere resonator systems. Coupled-mode theory is used to model the system and investigate the resonator parameters as coupling efficiency. As a result, it is shown that the nonfundamental resonances in the output spectrum of a single 225 μm microsphere are reduced noticeably and therefore its minimum resonance frequency spacing is expanded from 5.2 pm to 0.6 nm by serially coupling to a 50 μm radius microsphere. Furthermore, it is shown that the quality factor of this resonator can reach 2.14×108, which is on the same order of a single 225 μm microsphere resonator. The model is verified by comparing the results of the model with the experimental results published by other groups to investigate induced transparency in the coupling of two microspheres.


The paper deals with the parameter identiflcation of static and dynamic (Hammerstein-type) systems having multisegment piecewise-linear characteristics with saturations. A new form of static multisegment nonlinearity representation with imposed internal variables allows an iterative estimation of nonlinearity parameters using measured input and output data. To demonstrate the feasibility of the identiflcation method, more illustrative examples are included. K e y w o r d s: nonlinear systems, saturation, Hammerstein model, identiflcation.


Continuous authentication (CA) is the process to verify the user's identity regularly without their active participation. CA is becoming increasingly important in the mobile environment in which traditional one-time authentication methods are susceptible to attacks, and devices can be subject to loss or theft. The existing literature reports CA approaches using various input data from typing events, sensors, gestures, or other user interactions. However, there is significant diversity in the methodology and systems used, to the point that studies differ significantly in the features used, data acquisition, extraction, training, and evaluation. It is, therefore, difficult to establish a reliable basis to compare CA methods. In this study, keystroke mechanics of the public HMOG dataset were used to train seven different machine learning classifiers, including ensemble methods (RFC, ETC, and GBC), instance-based (k-NN), hyperplane optimization (SVM), decision trees (CART), and probabilistic methods (naïve Bayes). The results show that a small number of key events and measurements can be used to return predictions of user identity. Ensemble algorithms outperform others regarding the CA mobile keystroke classification problem, with GBC returning the best statistical results.


This paper focuses on narrative description of banking sector in Pakistan. It includes literature review and data on banking sector of Pakistan. Conclusions are drawn on the basis of data and literature at the end.


ABSTRACT: Fetal glucose production has been observed in the chronically hypoglycemic, hypoinsulinemic (HH) fetal lamb. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that induction of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes occurs in this condition. The activities of both mitochondrial and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy-kinase (PEPCK), fructose-l,6-diphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase, three key enzymes of gluconeogenesis, were determined in fetal sheep liver from HH lambs and controls (CONT). Pregnant ewes were maintained chronically hypoglycemic by continuous hyperinsulinemic clamps from approximately 80 d of gestational age (53% of gestation) for 6 wk. Fetuses (gestational age: HH = 136 ± 2.6, CONT = 133 ± 3.7 d) were maintained chronically hypoglycemic [HH = 0.51 ± 0.05 versus CONT = 1.22 ± 0.11 mmol/L (9.2 ± 1.0 versus 21.9 ± 11.9 mg/dL)] and hypoinsulinemic (HH = 3.3 ± 0.6 versus CONT = 12.0 ± 2.2 μU/mL) and delivered by cesarean section after measurement of fetal glucose production rate. Hepatic cytosolic PEPCK was 6.0 ± 1.4 nmol/min/mg protein in CONT and 19.7 ± 2.5 in HH lamb (p < 0.05), whereas mitochondrial PEPCK was not different between the two groups. Neither fructose-l,6-diphosphatase or glucose-6-phosphatase activities nor plasma glucagon levels were different between groups. These results suggest that chronic fetal hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia prematurely induce hepatic cytosolic PEPCK in the fetal lamb. The observed fetal glucose production in the HH fetal lamb may be due to gluconeogenesis.


The Pacific Northwest at the western edge of the North American Plate is impacted by the interactions of three types of plate boundaries. As the Pacific Plate slips northward toward subduction in the Gulf of Alaska, it is dragging western Oregon northward During the last 10 to 12 million years, the terrain south of the Brothers Fault Zone has been extended an estimated 50 miles over a distance of200 miles. The Brothers Fault Zone, along which magma has upwelled repeatedly, is the ''pivot" between the older highly folded rocks of the Blue Mountain Province and the younger highly faulted rocks of the Basin and Ranger Province. The basaltic lava fields along the Brothers and subsidiary parallel fault zones include: the Horse, Arnold, Potholes, Matz, Lava Pass, Devils Garden, Squaw Ridge, Green Mountain, Four Craters, Diamond Craters, Voltage, Saddle Butte, Jordan Craters and Cow Lakes. Caves have been discovered in most of these lava fields; their basalts vary in age. A second group of cave flows are associated with the stratovolcanoes which result from magma produced by the subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate. The highly plastic, small and thin, warm and youthful Juan de Fuca Plate, originating from a spreading center located about 270 miles offshore from the Oregon-Washington line, is subducting at an oblique angle under the more buoyant North American Plate. Examples of the stratovolcanoes with speleoliferous basaltic flows are Mt. St. Helens and Mt. Adams in southern Washington, Newberry Volcano in central Oregon, and Medicine Lake Volcano in northern California. (No paper received for publication)


Chilaiditi sign, a condition first described by Greek radiologist Demetrius Chilaiditi in 1910, is the radiological appearance of colonic interposition between the liver and the diaphragm. The incidence in chest/abdominal x-rays and CT scans is 0.025 – 0.28%. When there are symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, constipation or respiratory distress, the condition is called Chilaiditi's syndrome. One of the key factors in the development of this anomaly is anatomic variation in the suspensory ligaments of the intestines. Other important etiological factors include aerophagia, constipation, liver cirrhosis and chronic lung disease with increased intrathoracic pressure. Below we discuss a case of Chilaiditi's syndrome in an elderly female, who presented with shortness of breath, constipation and abdominal distention. The diagnosis of Chilaiditi's syndrome was made by chest x-ray and CT scan.


through an agreement with the Government of Canada, CHSRF is an independent, not-for-profit corporation with a mandate to promote the use of evidence to strengthen the delivery of services that improve the health of Canadians. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of CHSRF or the Government of Canada. Acknowledgements We are grateful to Devon Greyson for undertaking the literature search, Colleen Cunningham for her assistance with the e-mail survey, Steve Morgan for collaboration in the early, design and information assembly stages of this project, and to Charlyn Black for assistance in interpretation of some of the evidence on the effectiveness of care. We readily absolve them of any responsibility for what appears on these pages. The leads provided by those who responded to our 'snowball' survey proved invaluable. We are grateful to all of those who gave so willingly of their time, expecting nothing in return (and getting precisely that), to help make this a more complete report. Improvements in productivity are the fundamental source of most increases in the material well-being of human populations. Although a relatively simple concept, productivity can be difficult to define, and changes difficult to measure in practice. In principle, health human resources productivity (HHRP) should be defined in terms of the relationship between health outcomes achieved (health status protection or improvement for individuals or populations) and the health human resource inputs (time, effort, skills and knowledge) required. The vast majority of current HHRP literature does not consider health outcomes, often using inappropriate and misleading measures of output. For example, more MRIs or more radiologists may contribute to increased procedural output but do not necessarily result in better health outcomes or improved productivity. Opportunities for increasing HHRP may be realized: – by examining unexplained variations in clinical practice evident in current comparative studies; and – through new ways of deploying health human resources that take advantage of full scopes of practice and roles, particularly within collaborative practice models. Many examples of HHRP-related successful innovation may not make their way into published literature because " getting published " is not a priority of those involved with HHRP-related innovation at the " coalface. " Key points from this scoping review included: – Virtually all health services research is related in some way to HHR productivity, and yet few studies are explicit about their relevance to productivity. It …


PIDS Policy Notes are observations/analyses written by PIDS researchers on certain policy issues. The treatise is holistic in approach and aims to provide useful inputs for decisionmaking. The authors are, respectively, senior research fellow, Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS); PIDS econometrics/survey consultant; and PIDS nutrition specialist consultant. The authors wish to thank Donald B. Yasay, Beverly T. Lumbera, Martin Joseph M. Raymundo, and Jocelyn P. Almeda of the PIDS for research assistance. Thanks also to Sonny N. Domingo, Winnie A. Gerio, Christine Ma. Grace R. Salinas, Ma. Diyina Gem T. Arbo, and Angelica B. Maddawin, also of PIDS, for being part of the field data collection team. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of PIDS or any of the study's sponsors. Policy Notes


The 2-sum arises in integer-programming theory due to its key use in Seymour's decomposition theorem for totally-unimodular matrices and the linking of two systems in a joint model with a shared constraint. Combinatorial diameters are a classical topic in linear-programming theory due to the possibility of a polynomial Simplex pivot rule. We show that the diameter of a standard-form polyhedron whose constraint matrix can be decomposed as a 2-sum of two matrices is quadratic in the diameters of these parts. The methods transfer to the addition of a unit column and some faces of 3-sum polyhedra.


Biobriquette is one of the alternative fuel which expected to be able to replace the kerosene and LPG. The aim of this study was to obtain the optimum basic formulation to getting quality standards of biochar briquette. The experiment used a randomized completely block design with four replications. Production of briquettes follow some processing steps i.e grinding 40 mesh screening, mixing with starch binder, briquetting and drying 65 °C for 24 h.  The variables choose as the independence variable were cashew nut shell and soybean empty pods. The compositions of waste (50 %, 75 % and 100 %) and concentration of tapioca starch binders 3 %.  The parameters observed in the experiment were average burning time and flame color.  The result showed that composisition of material affected the quality of briquette produced.  The composition of cashew nut shell (100 %) was the best on moisture content (7.18 %), ash content 5.09, volatile matter 40.46, Fixed carbon 40.25, and calorific value (6438 cal/gr). The average burning time of briquettes was 128 min with yellowish colour flame.


Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is a widely used discipline in everyday life especially to make decisions about conflict and multiple criteria that need to be evaluated and analyzed. In this paper, the aim is to explore the known MCDM techniques to assess web sites information in specific domains or identify the current developments in on-line literature. Based on applying a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) process, this paper identifies MCDM methodology and provides a comparison of existing research. Further, the analysis highlights the features and limitations of MCDM methods. In order to assess the quality of web sites, it requires a list of criteria and sub-criteria. The metrics depend on web site category that generally the decision makers choose the suitable ones. So, weighing criteria in MCDM problems are usually used to determine their importance. The evaluation with crisp MCDM methods is not largely used. The trend is to make hybridization among them or a combination with fuzzy reasoning.


Windbreak nets are most often used to prevent agricultural wind damage, since they are cheap and easy to install. However, little is provided concerning the dynamical characteristics of such windbreak nets, hampering the design of windbreak planning through the quantitative use of the latter. We measured both dynamical characteristics and wind fields around popular five windbreak materials using a wind tunnel. Subsequently, we tried to simulate the measured wind field using a numerical atmospheric model. The measured wind fields show various flow patterns around windbreaks well known in literature, with recirculating eddies for two spunbonded fabric windbreaks. The relationship between the wind field patterns and porosities of the windbreaks is more or less the same as in past studies, while the numerical simulations reproduce wind fields around the three popular windbreak nets fairly well. It is confirmed that the wind tunnel measurements and numerical simulations are reliable means to reproduce realistic wind field around popular windbreak nets.


Now annotators misunderstand time and again louxiang(陋巷)in the chapter yongye of the Analects of Confucius.Xiang(lane 巷)means residence or room in ancient.Louxiang(陋巷) in the Analects of Confucius means humble room.And qiongxiang(穷巷),exiang(阨巷) all mean the same.There are different careless mistakes in some large language dictionaries when they explain those words.


: Single crystals of Thiourea mixed with Aluminium Nitrate and Zinc Sulphate Hepta Hydrate similarly, Tartaric acid mixed with Potassium Chloride and Calcium Nitrate Tetra Hydrate were grown successfully from aqueous solution by slow evaporation method at room temperature. The grown crystals were subjected to various characterizations such as FTIR, Powder XRD, UV studies and TGA/DTA. The FTIR spectrums were used to analyze the various functional groups of the grown crystals. The UV studies reveal that the grown crystals were highly transparent in the visible region.


Summary: Steady‐state plasma valproate (VPA) levels were analyzed in 37 children after 6 weeks of VPA therapy. Twenty‐six patients were receiving other antiepileptic drugs in addition to VPA (experimental group). Eleven patients who received VPA alone served as controls. The mean VPA dose was not statistically different for the two groups (experimental group, 35.4 mg/kg/ day, 11.6 SD; control group, 31.1 mg/kg/day, SD 6.6) The mean plasma VPA level was significantly lower for the experimental group (63.0 μg/m1, SD 21.8) than for the control (99.3 μg/m1), SD 23.3) (p < 0.01). VPA levelrdose ratio (LDR) was also reduced in the experimental group (1.92, SD 0.75) as compared to controls (3.26, SD 0.65) (p < 0.01). Within the experimental group the VPA levels and VPA LDR were significantly reduced in patients receiving either phenytoin or phenobarbital. The data suggest that other antiepileptic drugs significantly alter the steady‐state level to dose relationship for VPA.


of our studies, we found a new type II restriction endonuclease, designated as ApalA, in a strain of Acetobacterpasteurianus (Hansen 1879) Beijerinck 1916. This communication describes its purification arid properties and determination of its recognition sequence and cleavage sites in DNAmolecules. The restriction endonuclease of A. pasteurianus IFO 13753 was purified by streptomycin treatment, ammoniumsulfate fractionation and combined column chromatographies on heparin-Sepharose CL-6B, DEAESepharose CL-6B and blue Sepharose CL-


The dependence of the intersubband absorption spectra on the Coulomb interaction and quantum well (QW) width is studied. Rather than following the Fermi–Dirac distribution, we have solved the intersubband equations of motion to determine the subband population self-consistently. We have gone beyond the linear absorption theory to show the effect of various many-body interactions on the absorption spectra. It is found that the redistribution of electrons in excited states reduces the absorption. Our results indicate that the line shape and peak position are determined by the interplay of different collective excitations, such as the Fermi edge singularity and the intersubband plasmon. The dependence of the absorption spectrum on the QW width and the subband effective masses is also discussed.


and the participants of the Stanford GSB Joint Accounting/Finance student seminar for their helpful comments and suggestions. All remaining errors are my own.


Submitted for the DFD15 Meeting of The American Physical Society Passive scalars in turbulent channel flow at high Reynolds number1 SERGIO PIROZZOLI, MATTEO BERNARDINI, PAOLO ORLANDI, Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale — We study passive scalars in turbulent plane channels at computationally high Reynolds number, which allows to observe previously unnoticed effects. The mean scalar profiles are found to obey a generalized logarithmic law which includes a linear correction term in the whole lower half-channel, and they follow a universal parabolic defect profile in the core region. This is consistent with recent findings regarding the mean velocity profiles in channel flow. The scalar variances also exhibit a near universal parabolic distribution in the core flow, and hints of a sizeable log layer, unlike the velocity variances. The energy spectra highlight the formation of large scalar-bearing eddies spanning each half-channel, which are caused by production excess over dissipation, and which are clearly visible in the flow visualizations. Close correspondence of the velocity and scalar eddies is observed, the main difference being that the latter have more convoluted interfaces, which translates into higher scalar dissipation. Another notable Reynolds number effect is the decreased correlation of the scalar field with the vertical velocity field, which is traced to the reduced effectiveness of ejection events. 1We acknowledge that the results reported in this paper have been achieved using the PRACE Research Infrastructure resource FERMI based at CINECA, Casalecchio di Reno, Italy. Sergio Pirozzoli Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale Date submitted: 01 Aug 2015 Electronic form version 1.4


Corticotropin releasing hormone-binding protein(CRH-BP),a 37 ku secreted glycoprotein,binds both corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH)and urocortin(UCN) with high affinity and is structurally unrelated to the CRH receptors.CRH-BP is an important modulator of CRH activity;it inhibits CRH induced adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)secretion from pituitary corticotropes.Recent studies indicated that novel functional roles may exist in both the brain and pituitary.Regulation of CRH-BP expression by stress and metabolic factors are consistent with in vivo models of altered CRH-BP expression.There are potential roles for CRH-BP in parturition,inflammatory disease,Alzheimer's disease,and other disorders.A more complete understanding of the central and peripheral functions of CRH-BP and its mechanisms of action will help elucidate its potential role in the etiology or treatment of disorders of CRH dysregulation.


At present,many standards and criterions of HuXiang culture construction aren't established. This paper discusses the method of HuXiang culture resources digitization and brings a primary method of construction.


In the study,effects of different methods of protein extraction and loading on analyzing protein profiles of stylo roots were investigated using the two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE).The results showed that 2-DE could be optimized by using the modified phenol extraction buffer containing 0.7 mol·L-1 NaCl and 20%ethanol,the precipitation buffer containing 1/10 volume 5 mol·L-1 NaCl.Totally,500 protein spots could be well resolved and detected in the gels when 1 mg protein of roots was separated using pH 4–7 IPG strip.All the results suggested that the method was suitable for the study of 2-DE of stylo roots.


For today's problems there exists no capsule solution, yet a thoughtful study, couched in enjoyable prose, will enrich our understanding and widen our perspective. Sir Julian Huxley exhibits a rare combination of gifts—scientific acumen, critical ability, a fine literary style, and something important to say. His new volume of essays offers enjoyable and stimulating adventures of the mind. Huxley has devoted a large part of his professional life to the study of evolution and the relations of evolutionary thought to the 19th-century scene and to modern thinking. Evolution not only concerns biology in its narrow sense, but affects all aspects of the life sciences, broadly considered, as well as non-biological sciences. The philosophical problems receive especial attention. Evolution so far as it concerns man, Huxley emphasizes, now seems to depend less on genetic change than on cultural change. From the purely biological phase we have progressed to what he calls


This research is to analyze the characteristics of volunteer work and its satisfaction rate by performing survey on 328 students who are studying beauty at colleges located in Busan and Gyeongnam areas. As a result, following findings were generated. Firstly, most of the targeted students have participated in volunteer works which were mostly related to their major(71.3%) especially, hair area(33.3%). In terms of frequency of volunteer work, 25.6% of them perform it less than once a year while 25.9% perform it more than twice a month. Regarding the purpose of participating in volunteer work, 30.6% of them do it for academic purpose and 26.9% of them do it to improve their skill. Secondly, overall volunteer work satisfaction was considerably high(3.75) and it showed a positive relationship between general characteristics and those students who are freshmen, belong to higher academic group or want to get a job in hair area. In addition, it showed higher satisfaction rate when students perform volunteer work in hair area, more frequently, or for skill improvement and self -development. Thirdly, concerning the relationship between volunteer work and major satisfaction, higher satisfaction rate was shown among the students who have participated in volunteer work, have participated in volunteer work frequently or have done it for skill improvement and self-development. Positive relationship was presented between volunteer work satisfaction and major satisfaction.


Islamic Sufism was brought into China in the Yuan Dynasty and since the Ming Dynasty;a large number of works on Sufism were introduced to China from various channels.At the end of the Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty,some works on Sufism were listed as required subjects and reference books in religious education for the Hui ethnic groap.With the rise of activities of Chinese translation of these works with the Hui ethnic groap,some classic works on Sufism were also translated into Chinese.Meanwhile,Muslims in Gansu,Qinghai and Ningxia in Northwest were influenced by Yichan school of Xinjiang and Sufi School of Middle and West Asia,the system of school with strict classification was quickly established among Muslims in Northwest.The system of school with strict classification changed religious organization form which has been established since the Tang and Song Dynasty among the Muslims in Northwest.It is also extended religious system with strict organization and diversified form.


Objective:To detect the curative effect of total hip arthroplasty(THA) for ankylosed hips.Methods:Fifty cases with ankylosed hips(66 hips) were treated by THA from June 2003 to February 2009,and Harris hip score system were used to assessed the hip function before and after surgery.Results:They were follow-up for 1 to 6 years(4 years and 5 months averagely).The hip pain was reduced and the joint activity was markedly improved in all patients.The Harris hip scores were increased from 20.5 points(10 to 32 points) before operation to 85.8 points(78 to 96 points) after operation.There were neither short-term complications,such as infection,deep venous thrombosis,fat embolism,prosthesis adjacent fracture,and joint dislocation,nor long-term complications,such as prosthesis looseness and osteolysis.Conclusion:Total hip arthroplasty is an effective method for the treatment of ankylosed hips.


Lightning performance of 22 kV overhead distribution lines has been investigated using lightning protection design workstation (LPDW). Shield wire and surge arresters play a significant role for protecting overhead distribution lines. The line with shield wire can reduce the number of flashovers in open ground and number of flashovers with nearby objects. The application of surge arresters provides better performance than shield wire, improving the lightning performance by installing surge arresters at every pole provides the best protection. The affects of footing impedance and also shield wire size have been analyzed.


The response to an aerosol preparation containing 100 micrograms fenoterol and 40 micrograms ipratropium bromide per puff (Duovent) was compared with a placebo in 18 asthmatic patients in a double-blind cross-over fashion. We measured changes in lung function tests and pulse rate. Duovent induced a significant improvement in lung tests with statistical relevance for VEMS and Raw in comparison with placebo. The combination of fenoterol and ipratropium bromide also provided a long-lasting bronchodilatation without side effects.


ABSTRACT Background Drug crystallization following application of transdermal and topical formulations may potentially compromise the delivery of drugs to the skin. This phenomenon was found to be limited to the superficial layers of the stratum corneum (~7 µm) in our recent reports and tape stripping of the skin samples was necessary. It remains a significant challenge to profile drug crystallization in situ without damaging the skin samples. Methods This work reports the application of an X-ray microbeam via synchrotron SAXS/WAXS analysis to monitor drug crystallization in the skin, especially in the deeper skin layers. Confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) was employed to examine drug distribution in the skin to complement the detection of drug crystallization using SAXS/WAXS analysis. Results Following application of saturated drug solutions (ibuprofen, diclofenac acid, and salts), CRS depth profiles confirmed that the drugs generally were delivered to a depth of ~15 – 20 µm in the skin. This was compared with the WAXS profiles that measured drug crystal diffraction at a depth of up to ~25 µm of the skin. Conclusion This study demonstrates the potential of synchrotron SAXS/WAXS analysis for profiling of drug crystallization in situ in the deeper skin layers without pre-treatment for the skin samples.


We introduce a parametrisation of the direct correlation function for the square-shoulder fluid and demonstrate that this parametrisation is in quantitative agreement with the numerical solution of the Ornstein–Zernike equation within the Percus–Yevick approximation. Moreover, the radial distribution function obtained from the parametrisation reproduces quantitatively Monte Carlo simulation data. Our results show that the parametrisation is accurate over a large regime of densities for different interaction ranges and potential strengths.


In the stochastic formulation of viscous hydrodynamics, the velocity of a fluid element fluctuates satisfying a similar relation to the quantum-mechanical uncertainty relation. Using a non-relativistic toy model, we show that the presence of such a velocity fluctuation increases the local anisotropy of the momentum distributions of produced hadrons, and thus the collective flow parameters such as v
 2 is emphasized.


The unit quaternion is a pervasive representation of rigid-body attitude used for the design and analysis of feedback control laws. Often, quaternion-based feedbacks require an additional mechanism that lifts a continuous attitude path to the unit quaternion space. When this mechanism is memoryless, it has a limited domain where it remains injective and leads to discontinuities when used globally. To remedy this limitation, we propose a hybrid-dynamic algorithm for lifting a continuous attitude path to the unit quaternion space. We show that this hybrid-dynamic mechanism allows us to directly translate quaternion-based controllers and their asymptotic stability properties (obtained in the unit-quaternion space) to the actual rigid-body-attitude space. We also show that when quaternion-based controllers are not designed to account for the double covering of the rigid-body-attitude space by a unit-quaternion parameterization, they can give rise to the unwinding phenomenon, which we characterize in terms of the projection of asymptotically stable sets.


SUMMARY (1) The relative growth rate of individual clones from a single population of Trifolium repens in grassland in North Wales was assessed. (2) Relative growth rates within this single population were found to differ significantly (P < 0.01), with the most vigorous individual growing 1 8-times faster than the least vigorous one. (3) The observed frequency distribution of the relative growth rates was unimodal and significantly skewed to the left.


This study examined the impact of the age-friendly environment on the association between cognitive ability and the attitude towards gerontechnology. The participants were 277 Korean young-old age 65 through 74. The data were collected by an online survey conducted in February 2021. The dependent variable was the attitude towards gerontechnology sum of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived adaptability (Heerink et al., 2010; Xu et al., 2015). The independent variable was the cognitive ability of participants to report on their own. The moderating variable was the age-friendly environment sum of physical, service-side, and cultural conditions. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the relation between cognitive ability and the attitude towards gerontechnology. The moderating effect was then analyzed using PROCESS macro and bootstrapping. Results show that cognitive ability has a positive effect on the attitude towards gerontechnology, and the age-friendly environment has softened its effectiveness. When participants were living in a more age-friendly environment, their attitude toward gerontechnology was less affected by their cognitive ability. However, when age-friendly environmental condition scores above 62 (out of 75), the environmental aspect did not affect the association between cognitive ability and attitudes to gerontechnology. This study suggests that the age-friendly environment can narrow the disparity of the attitude towards gerontechnology depending on the cognitive capability levels under certain conditions. Regarding the attitude towards technology may affect the actual use, the possibility of environmental help is meaningful.


Abstract Carotenoids are well-known for their instability so as usual analytical methods such as HPLC or preparative TLC applied to the separation of the constituents of Cochlospermum tinctorium failed to the isolation of pure pigments for further chemical characterization. Thus high-speed CCC using a horizontal flow-through coil planet centrifuge was used to conveniently and efficiently achieve this separation for quantities up to 500mg of the crude plant extract.


A technique is described which permits graphic display and quantitative determination of ultrasonic oscillation amplitudes, and of warping and other macroscopic strains, in crystals. An x‐ray ``source image'' appears superimposed on the crystal image formed by one diffracted beam from a stationary crystal. ``Source‐image'' distortion (SID) occurs on reflection from distorted regions of the crystal. X‐ray sources ranging from 100‐μ spots to 15‐mm line sources interrupted by Soller slits have been used. The latter experimental arrangements bear some similarities to those described by Cullity and Julien, by Barth, and by Carlson and Wegener. Lattice tilts of ∼1′ and lattice strain variations (Δd/d) of ∼10−4 can be routinely detected and separately identified. The underlying crystal image often contains useful topographic information of limited quality.SID photographs showing distortion produced in quartz plates by mounting clips, cements, cracks, and piezoelectric oscillations are presented. An example of di...


Mothers in the perinatal stage and infants should be identified and evaluated for the risk of dental caries. Early childhood caries can lead to detrimental consequences in the primary dentition. This entails that oral health care advice regarding oral hygiene, diet, fluoride and dental management be provided to minimize the risk factors and optimize the protective factors to improve the longterm oral health outcomes for both the mother and her infant.


[20336-15-6] C17H29N1 (MW 247.43)

InChI = 1S/C17H29N/c1-15(2,3)12-10-13(16(4,5)6)18-14(11-12)17(7,8)9/h10-11H,1-9H3

InChIKey = IDOFMGSESVXXQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(reagent used as non-nucleophilic base to scavenge the acid formed in a wide range of reactions, especially glycosylations)

Physical Data: mp 67–71 °C; bp 115–120 °C/20 mm Hg.

Solubility: soluble in dichloromethane, chloroform, alcohol, ether, acetonitrile, and most organic solvents.

Form Supplied in: white powder.

Analysis of Reagent Purity: NMR spectrum, mass spectrum, and IR spectrum.

Preparative Methods: commercially available through Aldrich.

Purification: recrystallization from EtOH/H2O or pentane.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: irritant to eyes, respiratory system, and skin and should be handled with suitable protective clothing, gloves, and safety goggles. Store and handle under nitrogen atmosphere and refrigerate. The toxicological properties have not been fully investigated.


FRAILTY ASSESSMENT BASED ON THE INSTRUMENTED VERSION OF THE 30-S CHAIR STAND TEST. The primary aim of this thesis was to evaluate the use of inertial and magnetic measurement systems to outperform the 30-s CST, motivated by the urge of objective parameters to identify as soon as the complex frailty syndrome. Chapter 2 begins the development of this thesis with a systematic review for the assessment of the SiSt and StSi transitions performance by using IMUs (inertial units). The aim was to assess the role of IUs in physical performance evaluation so that clinicians can have at their disposal new devices and objective measures to improve their diagnostics. Moreover, the most significant inertial sensor-based parameters and the more interesting results for each pathological condition were listed in different tables. Chapter 3 shows the novel ?PB-algorithm? to obtain drift-free position estimation for periodic movements. Z-axis acceleration data from a single IMU located on the lower back was used to estimate the up and down position of the subject when performing the different cycles of the 30-s CST. Drift disturbances were removed based on polynomial data fitting, splines interpolation and the wavelet transform, one after the other. The Vicon optical measurement system was used as gold standard and also another drift-correction algorithm was tested to compare results. High accuracy respect of the Vicon?s reference was showed and a reduction of the mean-square-error (RMSE) was obtained from the previously proposed algorithm. This study means the first step to analyze the kinematic parameters within the 30-s CST duration since Z-position is actively used in the cycle?s recognition. Chapter 4 explains, for the first time, the inertial measures of the 30-s CST using a single IMU attached on the lower back in a pre-frail population. Z-position drift-free signal was used to automatically count the number of performed cycles and the three corresponding cycle?s phases (i.e. ?impulse?, ?stand-up? and ?sit-down?) were detected thanks to the IMU data. A collection of meaningful data based on kinematic parameters is selected for further analysis. Chapter 5 extends the study done for the time-domain information from the 30-s CST in pre-frail subject. The aim is to identify subjects with different frailty levels (i.e. frail, pre-frail and healthy). Her, other parameters such as the X-orientation ranges and the standing-up and sitting-down ?modified-impulses? are also evaluated. Moreover, a subset of pre-frail and healthy subjects with the similar number of performed cycles was assessed in terms of kinematic parameters. So, the developed procedure seems to be a clear improvement of the current clinical evaluations based on the 30-s CST. Finally, chapter 6 sums up the most important results of the thesis. Here, the conclusions and the recommendations for future research in this field were included.


Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been intensely investigated in recent years, due to its potential to achieve new system concepts such as high-resolution wide-swath imaging and multimodal operation. Among the proposed orthogonal waveforms, inter-pulse phase modulation outperforms by the immunity to the impact of Doppler shift arising from the movement of the platform, thus no compensation of the Doppler effect is needed before SAR imaging. However, the demodulation procedure requires oversampling in Doppler domain, which poses strict restriction on the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and seriously limits its applications. In this paper, a novel azimuth discrete periodic phase coding scheme and the corresponding demodulation method is proposed. By using this method, the undersampled echoes could be separated from each other after multichannel reconstruction, thus feasible for high-resolution wide-swath imaging. Theoretical derivations and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed coding scheme.


ters, the skin index was calculated because this parameter may be less influenced by the variation caused by increasing wheal size with age (4) and any observer bias (5). Furthermore, a criterion based solely on allergen wheal size may underestimate the sensitization, especially in small children (5). Our finding that the SPT egg white resulted in larger wheals can be explained by the fact that the concentration of the protein content responsible for IgEmediated reactions is higher in one drop of egg white than in one drop of whole egg. Furthermore, it is well known that albumen (egg white) is more allergenic than egg yolk, although IgE antibody can also be directed to egg yolk proteins (6). Results of a study like this one are dependent on the study design: it may be argued that we did not observe any discordance using the two formulations, because we only tested IgE-positive children. However, inclusion criterion was solely suspicion of hen's egg related symptoms but not any positive test (such as a previous positive SPT or the positive proof of specific IgE in serum). In conclusion, in the daily clinical practice, an SPT with hen's egg may be performed with either whole egg or egg white.


At 17:00 (UTC+8) on 1 June 2022, an Ms 6.1 reverse earthquake struck Lushan County, Ya'an City, Sichuan Province. This earthquake event had a focal depth of 10 km and the epicenter was located at 30.37° N and 102.94° E. The purpose of this study is to document a comprehensive coseismic landslide inventory for this event and analyze the distribution pattern and factors controlling the landslides. After careful visual interpretations, this quake event was determined to have in total triggered about 2352 landslides in an area of 3900 km2, including both shallow disrupted landslides and collapses, for which the spatial distribution was statistically related to regional topography, geology, and seismicity. Notably, a vast majority of the landslides were located on the NW plate of the seismogenic fault, and were distributed in the area with a seismic intensity of VII. In addition, coseismic landslides were more likely to appear in areas with high altitude, relief, and large slope. The landslide area density (LAD) increased with an increase in the above factors and is explained by an exponential relationship, indicating that the occurrence of coseismic landslides in this area was more easily affected by topographic factors than seismic factors. Most small-scale landslides were clustered in the ridge area, which shows the seismic amplification effects of mountain slopes. Due to the impact of seismic wave propagation direction, hillslopes facing northeast-east (NE-E) were more prone to collapse than southwest-facing ones. Based on the distribution pattern of the landslides, we suggest that the seismogenic fault of this event was NW dipping. These findings indicate that it is effective to identify the dipping of seismogenic faults using the spatial distribution pattern of coseismic landslides.


Public benefits such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, Medicaid, and food stamps are an important resource for many low-income families. However, because these programs often limit the asset-building potential of their recipients, they may prevent families from attaining economic stability and hinder their long-term social and economic development (Nam, 2007). Low accumulation of assets in poor households is likely due in part to the use of asset tests in public assistance programs, which set low thresholds for eligibility. Individuals or households are required to "spend down" or keep their assets to a minimum in order to qualify for public assistance. This creates a disincentive for regular and tax-preferred savings, and limits the net worth of individuals and families who are eligible for public assistance (Rand, 2007).


This paper reports on ongoing work regarding interactive 3D visualization of large scale data centres in the context of Big Data and data centre infrastructure management. The proposed approach renders a virtual area of real data centres preserving the actual arrangement of their servers and visualizes their current state while it notifies users for potential server anomalies. The visualization includes several condition indicators, updated in real time, as well as a color-coding scheme for the current servers' condition referring to a scale from normal to critical. Furthermore, the system supports on demand exploration of an individual server providing detailed information about its condition, for a specific timespan, combining historical analysis of previous values and the prediction of potential future state. Additionally, natural interaction through hand-gestures is supported for 3D navigation and item selection, based on a computer-vision approach.


The aim of this paper is to capture the time-varying effects of the relationship between changes in the Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI) and economic growth. We use penalized regression splines to estimate the different point effects over time. Evidence from six European countries supports the idea that the elasticity of the ESI is time-varying.


If organizations wish to achieve their goals, they should have the capacity to attract, maintain and preserve their human resources. The desire to quit the job is one of the factors that make the organization face problems in achieving its goals. In this research, after the literature review and the background of the study, the dimensions and the components which force the employees to leave their jobs are identified. Then with the use of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), the degree of importance of each of the components is specified. This research aims to determine the degree of importance of each of the factors causing the nurses to quit their jobs. The statistical population of this research consists of the nurses from the governmental hospitals of Tehran province. The findings of this study indicate that such factors as supervision style, job identity, job significance, job security, and salary have great effects on the decision of the nurses in the governmental hospitals of Tehran province to leave their jobs. It has also become known that the availability of resources, age and role conflict as well as role ambiguity have no significant influence on their decisions. [Davood Vahdat, Sevil farshid. Identification and Prioritization of Factors Affecting the Dropouts of the Employees: A case study of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy-Based Approach from Tehran. Life Science Journal. 2011;8(3):313-317] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.


Flavius Josephus, historian, Pharisee, priest, rebel and traitor, was proud to say that he fought against Rome. Josephus is not closed to the value of freedom as independence from foreign hegemony, nor is he deaf to hopes of the restoration of Jewish freedom. By meditating on Josephus, with principal attention to his retelling of the Bible and post-Biblical Jewish history in the Antiquities, I will explore the complex dialectic Josephus presents of freedom and empire, for both Jews and Romans.


Replication management has become a hot research area in data grid.It has improved availability and fault tolerant of data in grid computing environment.This paper proposed a management strategy of the dy-nam ic replication to the datagrid on the basis of deep research of the mainstream of replication management tech-nology from trad itional datagrid.Replication management strategy contains the creation method of dynam ic repli-cation that can automatically increase replication accord ing to the frequency of the access file,the selection meth-od of replication based on the GridFTP and the replacementmethod of the replication combine with the establish-ment time,access times and file size.The simulation experiments ind icated that comparing the management strate-gy of dynam ic replication with the five kinds of replication management strategy in the OptorSim grid simulator,the new strategy exhibited much more performance advantages with the resource access relate to time.


Chertow and colleagues ([1][1]) have an interesting and provocative paper in this issue of JASN that brings a pragmatic approach to bear on the issue of defining acute renal failure. This area is rapidly gaining prominence and was the theme of one of the American Society of Nephrology's research


Zoom System Cam Design is an important step of the later stage design of a zoom system. The quality of the curve design is directly related with the stability of the final image surface of the system. With reference to common optical design software Zemax, this Zoom System Cam Curve Design is specially developed to ensure a stable image surface. This program can accurately produce the data and shape of a cam curve. It can be used to really evaluate the optical performance and imaging characters at any focal length of a zoom system. It can improve the efficiency and accuracy of a zoom system design. Also, it will produce a positive effect on the earlier stage and later stage designs of a zoom system.


An anthropometric model for human vertebrae in the mid-sagital plane is described, using parameters which were measured from lateral X-rays of the cervical and lumbar regions in normal, healthy men. The data was processed statistically and results are presented. The findings reported are new in the literature. They can be used in many ways, including modelling of the spine, and orthopaedics. Clinically significant parameters are the heights of the vertebral bodies and the intervertebral spacings. The relations between these parameters are presented and discussed.


The presence of duality in the form of duly empowered members/executive directors is very problematic, leading to potential principal-principal conflict. Strategic investors and portfolio managers should challenge this arrangement before making sizable outlays in the Turkish financial sector. Our study shows that Turkish banks are following a number of recommended governance practices, but the prevalence of some arrangements may exacerbate principal-principal conflict. Whether this holds in other more closed sectors of the economy is an area worthy of further investigation. This study investigates the association of board independence, CEO duality, board size, and board tenure with bank performance in Turkey. These relationships are examined for all 27 Turkish banks operating in the market between the years 2001-2004. Our findings suggest that the presence of insiders has a positive impact on return on assets, while duality and board tenure are negatively associated with performance. The aim of this study is to uncover whether prescribed western style governance practices surface in the characteristics of board of directors in Turkish banks, and to see if these characteristics influence firm performance. Turkey is an emerging market drawing large amounts of foreign investment but board composition issues have rarely been analyzed.


Sovereignty is the foundation of the existence and development for a nation-state,which is one of the most important concepts with the development of the international community.After centuries of development,it has formated a more rigorous theoretical system.However,with the development of the society,the traditional theory of sovereignty was challenged by the emerging theory.China should get a more effective maintenance for the new concept of the national sovereignty.


This paper presents a practical method to predict depth-averaged velocity and shear stress for straight and meandering overbank flows. An analytical solution to the depth-integrated turbulent form of the Navier-Stokes equation is presented that includes lateral shear and secondary flows in addition to bed friction. The novelty of the present approach is not only its inclusion of the secondary flows in the formulation but also its applicability to straight and meandering channels. The analytical solution is applied to a number of channels, at model and field scales, and is also compared with other available methods such as that of Shiono and Knight and the lateral distribution method. The present formulation gives much better predictions of velocity and shear stress, particularly in those cases where the secondary flows are dominant.


We present observations of the great flare (X12) of 1982 June 6 carried out from the Hinotori solar space-craft and the Big Bear Solar Observatory. Images in hard X-rays (HXR), soft X-rays (SXR), H..cap alpha.., D3, and the continuum are compared and SXR spectra analyzed. The flare resulted from extended motion of a large spot, shearing the magnetic field, and the morphology strongly suggests reconnection to shorter field lines.


Samothraki Island is situated in the northeast Aegean Sea and belongs geotectonically to the Circum-Rodope belt. Its Tertiary volcanic rocks are considered to belong to the widespread volcanic activity that affected the broader area of the north Agean Sea including the on-shore areas of Thrace. It started during the Eocene in the Bulgarian part of the Rhodope Massif and progressively migrated southwards to the central Aegean Sea and western Anatolia, up until the Middle Miocene. The rocks under investigation where divided into eight units on the basis mainly of geological and petrographical criteria, namely Ag. Nectarios, Hora-Katsambas, Hora-Paleapoli, Tourli, Vrehos, Lakoma, Ag. Paraskevi, younger vein. Ag. Nectarios consists of sills and lava flows of basaltic, basaltic trachyandesitic, trachyandesitic and trachytic composition. Most samples show moderate to high alteration due to fumarolitic activity. The unit of Hora-Katsambas consists of veins and lava flows that appear to have intruded the Ag. Nectarios unit. Those intrusions seem to have a general NNW-SSE trend. Their composition is andesitic to latitic, whilst a handful of them are classified as shoshonites. The unit of Hora-Paleapoli comprises of small trachytic lava domes, highly altered, that intrude the Ag. Nectarios unit in the area between the town of Samothraki (Hora), and the area of Paleapolis. The units of Tourli and Vrehos, each represent a lava dome of trachytic and trachytic to high-K dacitic composition respectively. In both units megacrystals of K-feldspars up to 10 cm long can be found. The unit of Lakoma contains the volcanic rocks situated in the south of the Island among the villages of Lakoma, Profitis Ilias, Dafnes and the area of Koitada with the exception of dark coloured sills and lava flows intercalated with epiclastic material that are enbodied to the Ag. Nectarios unit. The former mentioned rocks are classified as latites, high-K dacites, trachydacites, trachytes, and rhyolites. The Tertiary volcanic rocks found in the eastern part of the island were classified as the unit of Ag. Paraskevi, and are of latitic to high-K dacitic composition. The so-called "younger vein unit" is a dark coloured vein in the area of Vrehos that based on both geological and geochemical criteria cannot be included in any other unit. Geological evidence on successive eruptions were found in the units of Lakoma and Ag. Paraskevi. In those units as well as in Hora-Katsambas and Vrehos, crystal clusters, and enclaves of igneous origin are present. Finally in all units there are mineralogical evidence on the presence and interaction of magmas with different chemistry and physicochemical characteristics. K-feldspars were divided in megacrystals (Or56-90Ab8-41Cn2-3), phenocrystals and microcrystals (Or40-93Ab3-54Cn2-4). The higher Ba concentrations of the megacrystals' core support crystallization under higher temperature compared to the phenocrystals and microcrystals. However the decrease of Ba content is not normal suggesting variable crystallizing…


The idea of a Knowledge School requires rethinking many aspects of how we approach the curriculum and our students. This article outlines the changes and revisions made the undergraduate curriculum to under the umbrella of the Knowledge School.


Folk Customs Accompanying the Celebrations of Mother Mary. The annual celebrations of Mother Mary's holidays in Russia do not consist only of church prayers on the days of Mother Mary's Birth, Presentation in the Temple, Announciation, Mary With Her Cloak as Protectress, Assumption, and of honouring her miraculous icons, but also of numerous rituals and customs. Much has been written about such celebrations by Russian ethnographers in 17th and 19th century. Researchers in the 20th century have been looking for the archaic basis of these celebrations, their nature and their linguistic connections. They tried to discover the structure of the folk culture and did not pay much attention to the nature of the celebrations practiced among the people. The author has found a new methodological approach for researching the characteristics of the celebration rituals in the works of V. Turner who tried to see man as a whole, not only as a rational being. In the works of S.S. Averincev the author detected specific emotions in the perception of holiness, as opposed to the »meek« and »terrifying« perception of holiness found in the Western civilization, or the »rational« one in the Byzantine world.


There exist insufficient validated "entry portal" sites in the C. elegans genome for CRISPR/Cas9-dependent insertion into endogenous genes to confer diverse spatiotemporal patterns and levels of expression on exogenous sequences. Consequently, we recognized the most common potential "entry portal" sequences: genes previously tagged with fluorescent proteins using CRISPR/Cas9. As proof of concept, we used existing mKate2-encoding sequences inserted in the 5' end of genes as an insertion point for the auxin inducible degron, AID*. This sequence permits reasonably efficient insertion that can be employed using a variety of approaches for different end goals. Our strategy is thus generalizable to many needs.


The evolution of pressure in a lignite particle during pyrolysis was simulated on the basis of the gas motion equation in porous media and considering the Klinkenberg effect. The chemical percolation devolatilization (CPD) model was used to describe pyrolysis. The pore diameter in the particle is close to the average free path of volatile gas molecules; therefore, the solid phase restrains the movement of gas. Because flow out of the particle is restricted, the internal pressure rises. The internal pressure first increases and then decreases during pyrolysis, and the evolution is influenced by heating conditions. The pressure rise is larger at a higher heating rate, but the duration of the pressure peak is shorter. The total pressure in the particle is larger at a higher ambient pressure, but the pressure difference between the inside and the surroundings decreases with the increasing ambient pressure. A growing internal pressure can restrain tar gasification, which can lead to the increase of the Metapla...


Based on the data from 13 typical soil sampling sites in Yichang district,the contents of soil organic matters(SOM),total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) and their influencing factors were studied.The results showed that the contents of SOM,TN and TP of soil in the surface layer had a significant variation in horizontal distribution.The variation in the 10~20 cm depth reached a maximum and the variation coefficients of SOM,TN,and TP were 0.942,0.726 and 0.631,respectively.On the whole,variation of each soil layer showed a declining trend with the increase of soil depth.TN and SOM had a similar changing tendency in most of the soil types and their profile distribution generally presented a declining trend from top to bottom,especially for the yellow brown soil and brown soil.However,there was no markedly changing law in the profile distribution of TP.Brown soil,yellow brown soil and paddy soil had relatively high contents of SOM and TN,which had been attributed to a variety of factors including vegetation,climate,soil structure and application of fertilizer.Both SOM and TN had a significant positive correlation with soil moisture,a significant negative correlation with soil volume weight,and no marked correlation with soil texture.The content of TP,had no significant correlation with that of SOM and TN,it was cottributed to the content of TP in phosphorus mineral and the development process of soil.The low nutrient content in yellow and red soil could be attributed to the soil growth process and unreasonable land utilization.


We propose a simple and reliable method for engineering a tunable Werner state and realize it experimentally. The whole setup mainly includes a parametric down-conversion source and a controllable depolarization channel which consists of a Sagnac-like interferometer and some complete dephasing operations. The generated Werner states are characterized by quantum tomography, and very high concurrences and state fidelities can be achieved.


The jajmani system has often been seen as the model representation of rural provisioning transactions which link landed members of agrarian societies to the labour and service caste groups. However, attention to a variant of provisioning transactions enacted in rural north Karnataka indicates the extent to which these transactions differ from the jajmani system and exemplify what might be called 'embedded' transactions. It is their embedded dimension, in which political and economic motivations are intertwined with the social and cultural, that enables these transactions to function, simultaneously, as a form of social reproduction. However, recent shifts in the organisation of agriculture and in the changing identities of low- ranked caste members have led to a decline in these transactions, producing ruptures in the reproduction of the local social order. While the articulation of these transactions in their 'embedded' state camouflages their economic and social orientation, it is in their state of decline that the 'special logics' of these transactions can be discerned.


In 2D, incompressible flows, the Stokes equations that represent the dynamics of very viscous flows and vorticity formulation of hydrodynamic equations both reduce to a scalar stream-function representation in terms of elliptic equations. By making use of this simplification and the properties of Fourier space representation of elliptic equations, we use a common spectral method to solve both of these equations. Based on this system of equations, we propose a level set based input description which provides a flexible environment for the user to model a wide range of flows and artistic effects in 2D. This input type allows the modeling of vortex sheet patterns and other complex flows with a very practical approach and chaotic, dynamic flows, even with viscous Stokes equations. A user interface is developed for the level set input which allows the user to draw the strokes or edit the level set data by applying transformation functions or perturbations. To sum up, this model can be used for the simulation of very viscous flows, vorticity dynamics, vortex sheet patterns, turbulent and chaotic flows as well as other artistic effects such as the traditional marbling patterns, with a simple, fast and stable system at high resolutions.


We provide an eclectic generic framework to understand the back and forth interactions between participants in a conversation highlighting the complexity of the actions that listeners are engaged in. Communicative actions of one participant implicate the "other" in many ways. In this paper, we try to enumerate some essential relevant dimensions of this reciprocal dependence.


Summary form only given. Silicon micromachining is used to fabricate reproducible miniature apertures over photosensitive polyimide (PPI) layers (septa), with highly controllable dimensions. PPI, having a high level of planarization, chemical inertness, a low dielectric constant, and good mechanical strength, is a very suitable material to be used as BLM septa. Apertures of approximately 5 mu m thickness and approximately 40 mu m diameter in PPI septa suspended over thick silicon rims were realized. The fabrication process includes double-side oxide growth on the wafer, spin-coating the PPI and its patterning, back surface anisotropic window etching, and a final cleaning step. Apertures with high circular symmetry were fabricated using this process. The BLM is formed by dropping a small amount of phospholipid-alkane solution over the PPI aperture. An initially few- mu m-thick membrane spontaneously thins down to an approximately 50 AA thick BLM. Specific capacitance measurements of these BLMs revealed stability of up to 50 h. >


Fiber‐shaped organic solar cells (FOSCs) with intrinsic stretchability show great potential in stretchable and wearable electronics applications. However, limited by the poor stretchability of small molecule semiconductors, the stretchability of FOSCs is still not satisfied. Polymerized non‐fullerene acceptors with excellent photovoltaic performance are a promising strategy for preparing stretchable semiconductors and photovoltaics. Here, an efficient polymer‐based bulk‐heterojunction blend was adopted as the photoactive material of the stretchable all‐polymer FOSCs. The fabricated all‐polymer FOSCs show superior intrinsic stretchability that remains more than 90% of the initial efficiency under the stretch strain of 50% and maintains stable performance even when undergoing hundreds of stretching‐releasing cycles. By adding the third component of SEBS elastomer, the stretchable all‐polymer FOSCs can endure the ultrahigh stretch strains over 80%. This study demonstrates the superior mechanical properties of the all‐polymer FOSCs and the simple yet effective strategy of SEBS additive to enhance stretchability.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


A necessary and sufficient condition for a meromorphic function to be schlicht in a given domain was obtained by Grunsky in 1939 [2]. Somewhat later, Schiffer showed how the coefficients in this condition could be obtained from the coefficients of log[fiz)— /(f)]/[2 — f ], [3]. In the particular case of functions which are schlicht in |z| <1, the Grunsky results, combined with those of Schiffer, can be summarized as:


This research is based on the phenomenon that community service activities carried out by Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam (PTAI) from more or less the same year have not been linked to the results of research in the social religious field. As a result, the relevance, benefits, and contribution of PTAI to the community become less visible. This research is a field work research. Partisipatory Action Reseacrh analysis was used in this study. The results of this study are 1) Strategy to build public awareness about clean living in the environment is done by inviting them to work together to clean the environment starting from cleaning the mosque, TPA, Mushalla, and educational institutions around. 2) Strategies to develop a community mindset can realize the potential of nature and the surrounding human resources to be processed through socialization on the use of the natural environment, including household waste, training in making paving blocks from plastic waste, and processing waste into compost. 3) Strategy to build active communication between citizens and the government with assistance to citizens, and 4) Strategy to build a spirit of diversity in the community.


Abstract : This report contains a summary of all known results from controlled human exposures to hyperbaric O2. The data were collected for analysis and development of predictive models relating the risk of developing a symptom of central nervous system O2 toxicity as a function of time, depth, and condition of exposure. Data were obtained from publications, technical reports and verified by original records and log books. A total of 2,170 exposures, at depths ranging from 12 feet of sea water (fsw) to 100 fsw for up to 240 min are included. The data consist of exposure time, depth, fraction of inspired 0 2, temperature, whether or not subjects exercised, whether they were immersed in water or exposed in a dry chamber, and outcome of the exposure, i.e., whether a symptom developed or the exposure was completed safely. Studies conducted under the following conditions were found: dry, no exercise; dry, exercise; immersed, no exercise; immersed, exercise; the final category was divided into old (before 1972) and new.


ABSTRACT Let be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on a complex Banach space X. For an operator , let be the local spectral radius of T at any vector . For an integer , let be a finite sequence such that and at least one of the terms in appears exactly once. The generalized product of k operators is defined by and includes the usual product TS and the triple product TST. We show that a surjective map ϕ on satisfies for all and all if and only if there exists a map such that for all .


SUMMARY.

1
Data on the crustacean faunas of 207 lowland water bodies in Yorkshire, involving 125 species, are discussed in relation to site area. Not unexpectedly, large water bodies generally have the most diverse faunas, but the relationship is not a simple one so far as individual species are concerned. While many show a progressive increase in percentage occurrence from small to large water bodies, the reverse is true for others.

2
Chydorid cladocerans, of which twenty-one species were recorded, show an unambiguous preference for large water bodies. While differences in habitat diversity appear insufficient to explain the almost seven-fold difference in chydorid representation between ponds and large water bodies, there are also difficulties in attributing the situation to ease, or difficulty, of dispersal. The strategy of firmly attaching resting eggs to substrata employed by some chydorids is more likely to frustrate than to promote dispersal.

3
General habits, ecological preferences and feeding habits of the commonest species are analysed in an attempt to clarify the relation of number of species to size of water body and some paradoxical features of dispersal are noted.

4
Extrapolation from the data to very large lakes is shown to be misleading. Numerical data, even for a large number of water bodies, are no substitute for knowledge of the ecological requirements and tolerances of individual species.

5
Examples are given of the rapid colonization of newly formed ponds by small crustaceans. The relevance of such observations to the theory of island biogeography and to various ecological problems, and the possibility of experimental work using small crustaceans and small ponds are noted.


The worldwide use of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) in aquaculture represents a somewhat unique scenario. The natural distributions and global genetic resources of tilapias are in Africa, yet the main centers of utilization for aquaculture are primarily in Asia. Within a few decades, Nile tilapia graduated from being an 'orphan commodity' (i.e. of interest to only resource-poor fish farmers) to a globally traded commodity. Most aquaculture production of Nile tilapia in Asia and elsewhere has relied on a narrow genetic base. The natural genetic resources have not yet been fully documented and tapped for use in aquaculture, and many natural populations are under severe threat of irreversible change or loss. Although genetic improvement is now well underway, an important question is how the wealth of Nile tilapia wild genetic resources shall be used for the benefit of a wide range of users, at present outside Africa. This review focuses on documenting the status of Nile tilapia genetic resources (including the potential threats), providing a case for their conservation and for the judicious utilization of genetic diversity for the benefit of all stakeholders; and on analysis of the lessons learnt from a major Nile tilapia genetic improvement initiative, the genetic improvement of farmed tilapia (GIFT) project. Information about other genetic improvement efforts by means of hybridization, sex reversal and YY male technology is also presented.


Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has emerged as an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Accordingly, several mTOR inhibitors (e.g., rapamycin and its analogs; rapalogs) are currently being tested in many cancer clinical trials. Despite the encouraging results showing that some rapalogs improved overall survival among patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma, the single-agent activity of rapalogs in most other tumor-types has been modest, at best. Objective: To review the current understanding of the mTOR axis and discuss potential strategies to enhance mTOR-targeted cancer therapy. Methods: Preclinical and clinical data in peer-reviewed reports on the novel biological and therapeutic parts of the mTOR axis are discussed. Conclusion: The mTOR axis involves complex regulatory networks. Inhibition of the mTOR axis with a rapalog induces feedback activation of several survival signaling pathways such as Akt activation, which, in turn, blunt rapalogs' anticancer efficacy. Thus, blockage or prevention of the activation of these survival signaling pathways may enhance mTOR-targeted cancer therapy.


Objective: It aimed to learn the living status of older autistic children and to put forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the quality of life of older autistic children and family members. Methods: Literature analysis method was used to understand the related research and policy of older autism in China. Deep interview was conducted with older autistic families. The contents of the interviews were recorded after informed consent, and the recordings were transformed into text materials. Text analysis was carried out. One family was given a six-month psychological intervention. Results: All the 6 cases cannot go out independently and seek emergency help. Only 1 case has self-care ability. The main psychological stress of family member is warrying about children's future. 5 cases pointed out that adolescent emotional and behavioral problems are urgent problems for parents. Conclusion: It is necessary to apply psychological lectures and counseling for emotional and behavioral management to autism family members. It is important to develop employment policy and caring services. Which are helpful to improve the living status of older autism and family members.


The invention relates to a self-destroying intravenous infusion needle. The self-destroying intravenous infusion needle comprises a needle head, a needle handle, an infusion tube and a self-destroying device. The self-destroying device comprises an upper cover and a base, wherein the infusion tube is placed between the upper cover and the base, the base comprises a body portion matched with the upper cover and a combination portion matched with the needle head, and the body portion and the combination portion of the base are connected into a whole through a needle head containing groove. After infusion is completed, the needle head retracts into the needle head containing groove, a through hole used for the needle head to pass through is formed in the combination portion of the base, the upper cover is provided with a tip which can cut off the infusion tube when the upper cover is pressed downwards, a gear mechanism is further arranged between the upper cover and the base, and the gear mechanism has two gears which correspond to the normal infusion state and the infusion tube cut-off state respectively. After infusion is completed, the needle head of the infusion needle can be hidden in the needle head containing groove, the upper cover can cut off the infusion tube when pressed downwards, the self-destroying process can be completed with one hand, and hospitals do not need to be manned with special staff for destroying infusion needles.


Recently I have been intrigued by the reappearance of an old friend, George Kingsley Zipf, in a number of not entirely expected places. The law named for him is ubiquitous, but Zipf did not actually discover the law so much as provide a plausible explanation. Others have proposed modifications to Zipf's Law, and closer examination uncovers systematic deviations from its normative form. We demonstrate how Zipf's analysis can be extended to include some of these phenomena.


The Contemporary Political and Social clash between Gujjar-Bakarwal and Pahari Speaking peoples perhaps one of the most serious challenges to internal peace at micro level and is difficult to handle at large. The Focus of the study is on the recent G.D Sharma Commission report and observations that has proposed granting Scheduled Tribe status to Various Communities namely Pahari, Paddari, Koli and Gadda Brahmin. Gujjar-Bakarwal nomadic community have already scheduled tribe reservation, after the recommendations of G.D Sharma commission, Gujjar Bakarwal started revolting against identifying Paharis as an ethnic group as opposed to a linguistic group because Paharis are already enjoying four percent reservation on the basis of linguistic group (Pahari Speaking People). Gujjar-Bakarwal had already been the victim of social stigma for ages and in such circumstances with the inclusion of Pahari Upper clan in ST would clearly lead to a long term conflict and imbalance between both the communities. Furthermore, if non tribal communities of upper castes for example Jattas, Mirza, Rajputs, Sayeed and Brahmins from Rajouri and Poonch are given STs Status, how will the government prevent a similar demand from others sections like Khan, Gupta and Sharma, a business class living in the plains of Jammu and Chenab Valley? This research paper is to examine the ethnicity conflict based on inclusion of upper caste(Non Tribal) in STs and its impact on real tribal groups; Gujjar, Bakarwal, Gaddi, Sippi, Bot and Dard Sheen.
Key Words: Abstract:
The Contemporary Political and Social clash between Gujjar-Bakarwal and Pahari Speaking peoples perhaps one of the most serious challenges to internal peace at micro level and is difficult to handle at large. The Focus of the study is on the recent G.D Sharma Commission report and observations that has proposed granting Scheduled Tribe status to Various Communities namely Pahari, Paddari, Koli and Gadda Brahmin. Gujjar-Bakarwal nomadic community have already scheduled tribe reservation, after the recommendations of G.D Sharma commission, Gujjar Bakarwal started revolting against identifying Paharis as an ethnic group as opposed to a linguistic group because Paharis are already enjoying four percent reservation on the basis of linguistic group (Pahari Speaking People). Gujjar-Bakarwal had already been the victim of social stigma for ages and in such circumstances with the inclusion of Pahari Upper clan in ST would clearly lead to a long term conflict and imbalance between both the communities. Furthermore, if non tribal communities of upper castes for example Jattas, Mirza, Rajputs, Sayeed and Brahmins from Rajouri and Poonch are given STs Status, how will the government prevent a similar demand from others sections like Khan, Gupta and Sharma, a business class living in the plains of Jammu and Chenab Valley? This research paper is to examine the ethnicity conflict based on inclusion of upper caste(Non Tribal) in STs and its impact on real tribal groups; Gujjar, Bakarwal, Gaddi, Sippi, Bot and Dard Sheen.


The aim of this work is a phytochemical study, antioxidant activity and Chromatographic Analysis by HPLC of extracts of the female cones of Ephedra alata DC. Which grows in Oued Souf region (South East of Algeria). According to the results obtained from the estimation of polyphenols and flavonoids content, the methanolic extract has the best content of polyphenols (158.34±2.71mg GAE/g Extract), and the best values of flavonoids (88.50±1.12mg QE/g Extract). The chromatographic analysis by HPLC has identified eight phenolic compounds, which are Gallic Acid, Chlorogenic acid, Vanillic Acid, Vanillin, p-Coumaric acid, Rutin, Naringenin and Quercitin. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by three tests: DPPH• free-radical scavenging, Hemolysis and Reducing power, the results of test scavenging the free-radical DPPH• show the tannins extract had the best scavenging activity capacity than the other extracts (IC50: 14.94±1.34μg/mL), But, in the hemolysis test, all the extracts were proximity except for the aqueous extract that was shown protected of the erythrocytes (50±0.5% of hemolysis percentage). Finally, in the reducing power assay, its results showed that the tannins extract has a best reducing power 27.16±0.25μg/mL in Abs700= 0.5 compared to other extracts.


In many papers dealing with estimation of oil reserves, engineers usually assume that well porosity can be modeled as a Gaussian distribution, that is, under this assumption the expected value of porosity can be estimated from the average porosity values from well log and petrophysical data. But, other distributions can be used to model local porosity when Gaussian distribution cannot fit sample data. In this paper, using actual porosity data of a 3-NA-002-RJS well from the Campos Basin, it is shown that for a selected interval, the logistic distribution fits the data better than other distributions and its expected value should be used to estimate the well porosities of the entire population. In such cases, as numerical analysis shows, using arithmetic mean instead of expected value may give rise to errors. The data shows that using an average as porosity estimator will overestimate the P90 and underestimate the P10 estimates.