The effect of potato varieties on the main biological aspects and larval head capsule width of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella, was studied under laboratory conditions. The averages of larval periods were 15.76, 13.69, and 16.18 days on Diamond, Kara, and Spunta varieties, respectively. The corresponding respective averages of percentages of larval mortality were 34.68, 35.87, and 49.83%. The pupal periods were 6.81, 8.62, and 8.19 days on Diamond, Kara, and Spunta varieties, respectively. No significant differences were found in the pupal mortality, female pupal weights, percentages of adult emergence and the adult sex ratios. Present results revealed that larvae of Ph. operculella has four instars. The average head capsule width of the 1 st larval instar of Kara culture was significantly larger (0.195±0.013mm) than those of Diamond and Spunta cultures (0.156±0.016 and 0.166±0.005 mm) by about 25 and 17.5%, respectively. The head capsule widths of the 2 nd and 3 rd larval instars of Kara culture were significantly larger than those of Diamond culture by about 9.16 and 22.5%, respectively. Similarly, among the 4 th larval instar, significant difference was found also in head capsule width between larvae fed on Diamond and Spunta varieties. J.Agric.&Env.Sci.Alex.Univ.,Egypt Vol.4 (1)2005 18 INTRODUCTION In Field as well as at storage, potato crop suffers several agricultural problems affecting negatively both quantity and quality features of potato. Potato insect pests play an important role in such respect, from the first appearance of seedlings, tell harvesting and continuing throughout storage period. Potao tuber moth (PTM), Ph. operculella, is considered the most important insect pests. It is an oligophagous insect pest of solanaceous crops including potato, tobacco, eggplant, pepper and tomato and is widely distributed in warm temperate and subtropical climates (Fenemore, 1988; and Sporleder et al., 2004). This insect is a highly destructive pest of cultivated potato and is responsible for damage to both leaf and tuber tissues (Westedt et al., 1998) either in field or at storage (Gui and Li, 2003). The use of varieties with low susceptibility level in integrated pest management programs could represent a useful strategy to limit infestation of PTM in field and in stores (Musmeci et al., 2000). The number of instars and other information concerning an insect ' s biology help in the development of phenology models, or in the refinement of exiting models. Larval head capsule widths are often used to determine the age of various lepidopteran pests (Jobin et al., 1992; McClellan and Logan, 1994; and deGroot, 1998). Therefore, the present study was planned and achieved in order to check the effect of feeding larvae of PTM on different varieties of potatoes on the main biological aspects, number of larval instars of PTM, and to check any probable effect of rearing of PTM larvae on different potato varieties on larval head capsule width of such insect. MATERIALS AND METHODS a) Biological studies: The biological studies on the PTM were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions of 27.0 oC and 73.0 % RH. Three potato varieties namely Diamond, Kara, and Spunta were collected from different potato fields at harvesting time and the infested tubers of each variety were placed in a large woody cage with dimensions of 30 x 30 x 30 cm. The newly emerged moths from each variety were collected, sexed and divided into groups of 10 couples in oviposition glass jars coated inside with white cylindrical paper as an oviposition J.Agric.&Env.Sci.Alex.Univ.,Egypt Vol.4 (1)2005 18 site. The jars were investigated daily to count and record the number of deposited eggs. The newly deposited eggs were collected daily and divided into four groups in plastic cups (100 eggs/replicate) for each kind of potato variety. The eggs were investigated daily until hatching. Percentage of egg hatching was calculated. Newly hatched larvae were transferred by using fine brush to four plastic jars which were furnished with paper and freshly slices of each potato variety. Newly formed pupae were collected and weighted in the same day of pupation. The following biological parameters were recorded; larval duration, percent of larval mortality, percent of pupation, pupal duration, percent of adult emergence, adult longevity, female fecundity (total number of eggs/female) and egg fertility (hatchability percentage). These experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and data were statistically analyzed according to Steel and Torrie (1984). If needed data were transformed using √x. b) Head capsule measurement: The stock cultures of PTM of each potato variety were reared under the aforementioned conditions. Two hundred newly hatched larvae were set in plastic jars, furnished with paper and provided with freshly slices of potato as larval food. Ten larvae from each variety culture were picked up daily from each potato variety by using a fine brush to measure the larval head capsule width. Head capsules were measured across their widest point with a stereoscopic dissecting microscope equipped with a calibrated eyepiece micrometer. The measurements of head capsules of larvae reared on the three different potato varieties were grouped according to their similarity, and data were statistically analyzed to obtain the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant differences (L.S.Ds) according to the method of Steel and Torrie (1984). J.Agric.&Env.Sci.Alex.Univ.,Egypt Vol.4 (1)2005 18 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Biological studies: Data in Table (1) show larval duration and mortality percentages, pupal duration and mortality percentages, mean weights of male and female pupae, adult emergence percentage, and sex ratio (male/tota1) of Ph. operculella reared on the above-mentioned different potato varieties. The highest larval duration value (16.18 day) was observed on larvae fed on tubers of Spunta variety. Such value was The two other larval periods were 13.6 and 15.76 days on Diamond and Kara varieties, respectively. However, no significant differences was found between larval durations of Spunta and Diamond cultures. Significant difference was observed between larval duration values of Kara and both of Diamond and Spunta cultures. Significant differences were observed in the percentage of larval mortality among the three tested potato varieties. However, the percentages of larval mortality were 35.87, 34.68, and 49.83% for the larvae reared on tuber slices of Diamond, Kara and Spunta varieties, respectively. Significant differences were found in pupal duration between Kara culture and bath of Diamond and Spunta cultures. The pupal periods were 8.62, 6.81, and 8.19 days on Diamond, Kara, and Spunta varieties, respectively. No significant difference was found in the pupal mortality among all tested potato varieties. However, the pupal mortality was 41.83% on tubers of Spunta variety followed by 31.75% and 30.7% on Diamond and Kara varieties, respectively. No significant differences in the male pupal weights were observed between the three tested potato varieties as shown in Table (1). It is observed that male pupal weighs obtained from larvae reared on Diamond, Kara, and Spunta tubers were 8.80, 8.63, and 9.98 mg, respectively. It is observed also that female pupal weighs obtained from larvae reared on Diamond, Kara, and Spunta tubers were 8.80, 8.63, and 9.98 mg, respectively. pupae obtained from larvae reared on Spunta tubers were 10.09, 10.18, and 11.09 mg, respectively. However, despite no significant differences were found in the male and female pupal weights between the three tested potato varieties, male and female pupae on Spunta variety were heavier by about 10.2 and 11.34 % than those on Diamond and by about 11.56 and 10.89 % than those on Kara variety, respectively. However, among all of the J.Agric.&Env.Sci.Alex.Univ.,Egypt Vol.4 (1)2005 18 three tested potato varieties, it was observed that female pupae were generally heavier than male pupae. Generally, potato variety did not affect the percentage of adult emergence. It is concluded that there were significant differences in the larval durations among the three tested varieties of potato tubers. However, several authors determined the larval duration of PTM as follow: 14.69 days (Salas and Quiroga, 1985), 9-10 days (Gamboa and Notz, 1990), 19-20 days (Singh et al., 1990), 14-18 days (Badegana and Ngament, 2000) and 12.44 days (Debnath et al., 2000). Among the durations of pupal stage of PTM reared on different potato varieties, it was observed that pupal duration was significantly shorter for insect reared as larvae on Kara variety (6.81 days) than those of Spunta (8.19 days) or Diamond (8.62 days) varieties by about 20 and 27 %, respectively. However, Foot (1979) found that pupal duration of PTM was 8-23 days. Such pupal duration was found to be; 6-7 days (Gamboa and Notz, 1990); 7.96 days (Mariy et al., 1999); and 6.52 days (Debnath et al., 2000). Data in Table (1) show also that there were no significant differences in the pupal mortality, male and female pupal weights, percentages of adult emergence and the sex ratios of adults of Ph. operculella. However, survivorship from egg to adult of tomato psyllids, Bactrocerca cockerelli varied significantly between cotton caltivars (Liu and Trumble, 2005). 2Effect of potato varieties on head capsule width: The objective of this part of the present study was to determine the number of instars of Ph. operculella larvae based on the head capsule widths from laboratory observations. This study aimed also to evaluate the effect of potato varieties on head capsule width of each larval instar. Data in Table (2) showed that there were highly significant differences among means of head capsule widths of the first larval instar when reared on different potato varieties. The head capsule width of the 1 st larval ins


Aim : To study the effect of rotavirus infection on amino acid uptake in the small intestine in an experimental mouse model.


Primary school has an important place in the acquisition of writing skill. Writing attitudes and habits of classroom teachers are influential in writing education during this period. This research aims to examine the writing habits of classroom teachers. To this end, classroom teachers' writing habits are examined in terms of the use of writing skills in everyday life, writing styles, contribution to their professional lives, participation in classroom writing activities and in what digital media. Qualitative research method is used in this study. The participants of the study consist of 22 class teachers who work in 3 primary schools in the province of Bartin in the academic year 2016-2017. Semi-structured interview form developed by expert opinion is preferred as data collection tool. The obtained data are analyzed through descriptive analysis method. The research found that classroom teachers often use writing skills in daily life, often write poetry, participate in classroom writing activities, mostly write in Word application and social media in digital environments.


[6]-Gingerol, a naturally occurring plant phenol, is one of the major components of fresh ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) and has diverse pharmacologic effects. Here, we describe its novel anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, pre-treatment with [6]-gingerol reduced UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, activation of caspase-3, -8, -9, and Fas expression. It also reduced UVB-induced expression and transactivation of COX-2. Translocation of NF-κB from cytosol to nucleus in HaCaT cells was inhibited by [6]-gingerol via suppression of IκBα phosphorylation (ser-32). Examination by EMSAs and immunohistochemistry showed that topical application of [6]-gingerol (30 μM) prior to UVB irradiation (5 kJ/m2) of hairless mice, also inhibited the induction of COX-2 mRNA and protein, as well as NF-κB translocation. These results suggest that [6]-gingerol could be an effective therapeutic agent providing protection against UVB-induced skin disorders.


The nature of the solution set is the feature of primary mathematical importance in this set of equations. This system always has the trivial solution xx = x2 = x3 = ??? = xn = 0. A question of more mathematical interest concerns the presence of a non trivial solution. The system has nontrivial solutions when > m, and it may or may not have nontrivial solutions when n<m. These re sults can be derived in a formal mathemati cal way, but this approach is often not ap pealing to students. As a way of engaging students' interest in this topic, a story is presented below that features systems of linear homogeneous equations and their possible nontrivial so lutions. A series of situations is presented that can be modeled using linear homoge neous equations. These situations give rise to questions that are isomorphic to ques tions about the presence of nontrivial solu tions for the modeling system of linear ho mogeneous equations. A story with a formal mathematical development is more interesting than a formal treatment alone. The story that follows is indented. The relevant mathematical comments and ques tions appear in regular format. The story begins with two people who decide to form a birdhouse fac tory. To simplify construction they agree to use only boards and shingles in building the birdhouses. They begin by individually submitting building plans for the birdhouses. Alice submits a plan requiring three boards and two shingles; Ben's plan calls for two boards and four shingles. The pair immediately encounter problems with their factory. The mate rial brought to the factory must be used immediately in constructing bird houses because the facilities are not large enough to store unused materi als. A further complicating factor arises when Alice and Ben decide that if a person brings materials then she will bring materials to fit only her own plans. For example, Alice always brings boards and shingles in the ratio three to two. This would not be a problem except that they have also agreed that a person who brings mate rials should not build the birdhouses. So, when Alice brings the materials, Ben, for instance, has a problem build ing because he needs boards and shingles in the ratio of two to four. Alice and Ben try to make the bird house factory work but they always seem to have problems. When one of them brings in material and the other builds birdhouses they always seem to end with surplus material of one kind or another. They try many different schedules but nothing seems to work out for them. After a time they wonder if their efforts are necessarily doomed.


ABSTRACT Introduction Comparison of different surgical techniques to treat patients with rhizarthrosis or carpometacarpal osteoarthritis of the thumb. Materials and Methods A systematic review was conducted using three electronic databases. Randomized, controlled trials in patients who underwent surgery for the treatment of rhizarthrosis were included. The literature review followed the PRISMA protocol. Results A total of 15 articles involving a total population of 958 patients were selected. Seven different surgical techniques were compared. Conclusions We conclude that no procedure is superior to another in terms of pain, physical function, overall patient assessment, range of motion, or strength. Outcome measurements should be standardized to enable better comparison between surgical techniques. Level of evidence II, Systematic Review.


Various polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) startup procedures were tested to explore possible techniques for reducing performance decay and improving durability during repeated startup-shutdown cycles. The effects of applying a dummy load, which prevents cell reversal by consuming the air at the cathode, on the degradation of a membrane electrode assembly were investigated via single-cell experiments. Electrochemical techniques, including measurement of polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and linear sweep voltammetry, were employed to investigate the degradation of the PEMFCs. The results showed that application of a dummy load during the startup procedure significantly reduced the performance decay, the decrease in the electrochemically active surface area, and the increase in charge-transfer resistance (R et ), which resulted in a dramatic improvement in durability. Our results suggest that starting up PEMFCs while applying a dummy load is an effective method for mitigating performance degradation caused by cell reversal under a repetition of unprotected startup cycles.


The navigation via integrated GPS/direction and distance surver set is mainly discussed in this paper. An initial solution algorithm to reduce the possibility of diffusion of original Kalman filter and a 8 state extended Kalman filter have been proposed by the authors,and the linearized measurement and dynamic equation have been derived in this paper.


An 82-year-old man was found to have hepatopathy by periodic blood testing after cecal cancer surgery. Drug-induced hepatic injury was suspected; drug administration was thus discontinued. However, hepatopathy did not improve, making this possibility unlikely, and the patient was referred to our hospital for detailed exami-nation. Hepatobiliary enzyme abnormalities were demonstrated. Hepatitis virus testing showed HA antibody-IgM, HBs antigen, HBc antibody, HCV antibody, etc., to be negative, while HCV-RNA was positive (5.4LIU/mL). HCV antibody also later turned positive. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with acute type C hepatitis. After the diagnosis, we expected that the hepatitis would subside but it persisted. Because the patient was too old for interferon treatment, asunaprevir and daclatasvir, oral anti-HCV drugs, were concomitantly administered, achieving a complete response. This important case suggests the utility of concomitant asunaprevir and daclatasvir administrations in patients with persistent acute type C hepatitis who would not tolerate interferon.


The reversal process of an exchange spring trilayer was studied by micromagnetic simulation, simulating the hysteresis loop and magnetic domain wall structure of a soft/hard/soft ferromagnetic exchange spring. The exchange spring effect was observed, determining the chirality of its spiral magnetization configuration. By simulation of the domain wall structure, we find that reversal nucleation emerge simultaneously in either surface of two soft layers and the magnetic moments of hard layer start rotation at reversible stage.


This paper builds on the notion of reformulation as a category which can be distinguished from other closer functions (paraphrase, conclusion, correction) (Pons Bordería, 2013, 2017). In particular, it focuses on the relationship between reformulation and reformulation markers in Spanish. On the basis of previous theoretical works (Rossari, 1990, 1994), it is argued that paraphrases can be produced and assimilated without any discourse marker since they are based on equivalence, while reformulation involves some degree of distance which can only be highlighted (even established) by using reformulation markers (e.g., Sp. o sea, es decir'that is'). Experimental results obtained from eye-trackingexperiments (Rayner, 1998, 2009) show that reformulation can be produced with or without reformulation markers; their presence facilitates its assimilation throughout the whole reading, but its absence does not affect the complete processing. Eye-tracking experiments are based on the eye-mind hypothesis (Just y Carpenter, 1980), by which ocular movements produced when contents are observed reveal how information is being cognitively processed. Eye-tracking data allow thus for completing theoretical ideas and hypotheses from a new dimension offering qualitative and quantitative results (Noveck y Sperber, 2004).


We show that any finite simple graph with minimum degree d contains a spanning star forest in which every connected component is of size at least Ω((d/ log d)1/3). This settles a problem of Havet, Klazar, Kratochvil, Kratsch and Liedloff.


ARES is a multidimensional parallel discrete ordinates particle transport code with arbitrary order anisotropic scattering. It can be applied to a wide variety of radiation shielding calculations and reactor physics analysis. To validate the applicability of the code to accelerator shielding problems, ARES is adopted to simulate a series of accelerator shielding experiments for 43 MeV proton-7Li quasi-monoenergetic neutrons, which is performed at Takasaki Ion Accelerator for Advanced Radiation Application. These experiments on iron and concrete were analyzed using the ARES code with FENDL/MG-3.0 multigroup libraries and compared to direct measurements from the BC501A detector. The simulations show good agreement with the experimental data. The ratios of calculated values to experimental data for integrated neutron flux at peak and continuum energy regions are within 64% and 25% discrepancy for the concrete and iron experiments, respectively. The results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of ARES code for accelerator shielding calculation.


TFT LCD is one of the most important products of PVI (Prime View International Co., Ltd.). The market ratio of PVI's TFT LCD has been low and accordingly the company has suffered loss most of the time since its establishment. As far as the TFT LCD is concerned and from the point of view of BCG model, this product may be classified as a problem child with the characteristics of low market share in high growing market. PVI has made a lot of efforts to implemented strategies to increase the market share of TFT LCD and tried to turn it into a cash cow. PVI entered the e-paper business in early 2005. PVI is very optimistic about the potential of e-paper. It allocated a significant portion of its resources to e-paper to increase the percentage of this product in its product mix and makes it become a cash cow of PVI someday. This case study discusses how PVI entered the e-paper market and the possibilities that PVI may swim to the blue ocean of e-book from the red sea of the TFT LCD industry where most of the companies have suffered a keen competition due to the over capacity and continuous economic cycling.


AIM
To perform a systematic review of incidental or unsuspected gallbladder (GB) cancer diagnosed during or after cholecystectomy.

METHODS
Data in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were reviewed and 26 publications were included in the meta-analysis. The inclusion criterion for incidental GB cancer was GB cancer diagnosed during or after cholecystectomy that was not suspected at a preoperative stage. Pooled proportions of the incidence, distribution of T stage, and revisional surgery of incidental GB cancer were analyzed.

RESULTS
The final pooled population comprised 2145 patients with incidental GB cancers. Incidental GB cancers were found in 0.7% of cholecystectomies performed for benign gallbladder diseases on preoperative diagnosis (95%CI: 0.004-0.012). Nearly 50% of the incidental GB cancers were stage T2 with a pooled proportion of 47.0% (95%CI: 0.421-0.519). T1 and T3 GB cancers were found at a similar frequency, with pooled proportions of 23.0% (95%CI: 0.178-0.291) and 25.1% (95%CI: 0.195-0.317), respectively. The pooled proportion that completed revisional surgery for curative intent was 40.9% (95%CI: 0.329-0.494). The proportion of patients with unresectable disease upon revisional surgery was 23.0% (95%CI: 0.177-0.294).

CONCLUSION
A large proportion of incidental GB cancers were T2 and T3 lesions. Revisional surgery for radical cholecystectomy is warranted in T2 and more advanced cancers.


The Google assistance which recognises human speech and converts it into text along with Raspberry PI3b which is a pocket sized computer together acts as a smart system to control multiple electronic devices/ appliances such as lights, fan, mobile charger, laptop charger, fridge, TV etc., connected to it. Using Raspbian operating system on Raspberry PI3b and using python as back end programming language the GPIO pins of the Raspberry PI3b board can be programmed to control the relay switches which intern connected to the electronic devices. The benefits are energy savings, convenience, security, home automation. Keywords—non smart devices, smart system, voice controlled, Google assistance, Raspberry pi


Financial Newspaper is a product which is required by all the stakeholders who deals in the financial market. The study has been done to understand the consumer buying behaviour on financial dailies. A detail analysis has been done in every respect. There was comparison done on the basis of the time of reading the newspaper by the readers and various features the readers wanted in a particular paper. Researcher found out many loopholes and has come up with suggestions for the companies to improve their market share and how to maintain the customers and create new one. Various other suggestions are given as in how to improve the competitive strategy or maintaining the market share in the industr y due to new entrants in the industry.


The article considers the problem of criminal-legal characteristics of one of the subjects of the crime envisaged senior 244 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of the norms of criminal and other branches of law investigated the concept of «dead body», and to elaborate proposals on improving criminal legislation.


The main aim of this paper is to provide insights into the performance degradation caused by interference between co-existent 802.11b and 802.11g WiFi systems operating in environments where channel overlap cannot be excluded. The fundamental differences between their interference characteristics are overviewed and analysed, and it is shown that channel overlap degrades their performance by differing amounts. It is also shown that for similar interference levels this degradation is slightly worse than for systems that are exclusively 802.11b but slightly better than for ones that are exclusively 802.11g. Overall, it is shown that for WiFi systems operating in environments where channel overlap exists, increasing the channel separation is generally of greater benefit for 802.11b than 802.11g.


An eight weeks old boy, first child to nonconsanguineous parents of Swedish extraction, presented with severe dehydration and salt loss. Plasma Na 109 and plasma K 8.7mval/l. He had a phallus 1,5 cm in length, meatus in the peniscrotal junction and a bifid scrotum with gonads on both sides. Normal blood pressure. After rehydration and hydrocortison i.v. the boy was substituted with 10 mg hydrocortison and 0.05 mg fludrocortison daily. Steroids in 24 hours collection of urine were analysed by capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry. More than 90% of the steroids were 3beta-5-en steroids mainly androst-5-en-3,17,20-triol, 16 alphahydroxy-DHA and pregn-5-en3,17,20-triol. Plasma levels of 17-OH-P, DHA, androstendion and aldosteron were analysed by RIA. During the salt crisis aldosteron was 1650 pmol/L and decreased to 775 during substitution. During ACTH stimulation 17 OH-P and androstendion were 7 and 2,4 nmol/L respectively which is lower than usually seen in 21 hydroxylasedeficient children in poor control.We find the case consistent with 3bHSD deficiency of partial but still salt loosing type.


Radio propagation prediction is a crucial step to determine the propagation characteristics of any arbitrary installation for the implementation of a mobile radio system. In this paper, a ray tracing approach using image method is adopted to perform radio propagation predictions in two selected areas of Sun-U Campus, namely an empty hallway located on the second floor in the School of Computer Technology (SCT), and its adjacent academic staff rooms. The values of electrical parameter such as dielectric constant (relative permittivity) of different materials are altered assuming the walls that separate each academic staff room are made of rubber, glass, plasterboard, and concrete. How this variation affects radio wave propagation prediction is discussed while the main propagation mechanisms traveling along the empty hallway are reported. In addition, the reasons for an appropriate interval between two sampling points along a transmitter-receiver route are also illustrated and explained.


Jazz music has, in its short history, risen to become an accepted art form in western society. Many universities which a short while ago only offered courses in classical music now also confer degrees in jazz. However, at the secondary level, when many young musicians are beginning their studies in music, jazz is, at best, slotted in when convenient. In most cases, learning methods usually vary from instructor to instructor. This thesis offers a proposal for the development of an introductory jazz-related curriculum for secondary level students. It is based on a critical evaluation of past pedagogical techniques in the field. Two aspects are proposed, historical and performance. Students learn the history of each stylistic period and then learn to play in that style. Twenty grade 9 students participated in a 2-period learning experience where 2 lessons from the Early Bop module were taught. Findings indicated that on the average students increased their knowledge of this jazz period. Scores increased from 34 to 82 per cent from pre to post-test. Student attitude sampling indicated that 62.9 per cent enjoyed or highly enjoyed the jazz lessons. Sex differences were obtained.


The aim of this paper is to describe complex homeoretic and homeostatic mechanisms in dairy cows during the peripartum period. The endocrine system has a key function in regulating the adaptation of metabolism during the peripartum period. Homeoresis represents the functioning of the endocrine system and metabolism in conditions when the organism must primarily provide certain physiological processes, such as fetal growth or lactation. Then the function of all tissues is adjusted to the new situation. Homeoretic hormones (growth hormone, prolactin, glucocorticosteroids, thyroid hormones, insulin, glucagon and leptin) in dairy cows in the peripartum period play a key role in maintaining high lactation and maintaining cow health.


Purpose – Managing attrition is a major challenge for outsourcing vendors. Literature on management control in offshore outsourcing is dominated by the formal approaches to control design, which do not adequately consider the influence of contextual factors. This article aims to adopt the lens of institutional theory, and use empirical data gathered from case studies in both the UK and India to improve the understanding of the institutional logics that shape the control of attrition.Design/methodology/approach – This article draws on in‐depth qualitative research undertaken with directors and senior managers in client and vendor firms engaged in outsourcing relationships that span both corporate and national boundaries. Drawing on empirical data from the UK and India, the interplay between the management control of attrition and contextual factors is analysed, and the practices adopted to manage these contextual factors are also identified and discussed.Findings – The analysis presents relevant aspects of...


Copyright resides with the authors in terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 South African License. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/za Condition of use: The user may copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the work, but must recognize the authors and the South African Journal of Animal Science. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract The aim of the research was to determine whether enrichment of the atmosphere in an incubator with carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) and eggshell thickness (EST) affected embryonic death (ED), hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE) and hatching time (HT). A total of 320 Ross 308 eggs were used and the experiment was repeated twice. Eggshell thickness was classified as thin (<31 μm), medium (31 32 μm) and thick (>32 μm). The incubators were operated with their internal atmosphere enriched with CO2 (1.57% CO2; 20.23% O2) or O2 (0.50% CO2; 22.44% O2). Embryonic death, HFE and HT data were monitored at three periods, namely early (<486 hours), middle (486 492 hours), and late (492 510 hours). Early ED, late ED and hatchability of fertile eggs were not affected by EST or by the incubator's internal atmosphere (P >0.05). Thus, O2 supplementation to the incubator was deemed unnecessary at 822 m altitude. There was a highly significant interaction between EST and HT. Eggs with shells 31 to 32 μm thick hatched at an appreciably greater rate between 486 and 492 hours of incubation (17%) than eggs with thicker (0.6%) or thinner (0.4%) shells in both the CO2 and O2 enriched atmospheres. The hatching rate was significantly higher in the eggs with an intermediate EST than in thick-shelled eggs. A greater proportion of eggs hatched at the late HT as opposed to earlier, regardless of EST. ______________________________________________________________________________________


An independent mobile crane system for temporary use to move or replace components and installation of wind turbines. A system independent mobile crane temporary use to move or replace components during service operations and for the assembly of wind turbines comprising an auxiliary gantry crane (3) forming a structure in gantry configured to move around the nacelle (1) an axis of rotation (23). The system independent mobile crane has devices (100) integrated elevators in the crane system, configured to allow the crane system to be self high because the system independent mobile crane is anchored to the nacelle through a docking unit ( 4) and that the system independent mobile crane is configured to operate above the nacelle (1) and the exterior of the sides of the nacelle (1).


As is well known, atomic vapors, by virtue of their centrosymmetry, do not display quadratic optical nonlinearities. Thus, for example, second harmonic generation is ruled out in these media, provided there are no externally applied fields that destroy the symmetry. Third harmonic generation (THG) in vapors is allowed on the basis of symmetry. We briefly note that the earliest experiments were carried out with noble gas atomic vapors, and that the experiments themselves consisted in measuring the so-called hyperpolarizabilities.'s2 These nonlinearities were weak compared t o those in crystalline solids by virtue of the much lower densities of the vapors and the nonresonant nature of the nonlinearities. The lowest lying excited states of noble gas atoms were far above the photon energies involved in these third harmonic generation experiments. The r e ~ e a r c h e r s ~ ~ a t Stanford University who pioneered the use of THG in gases as a practical source of coherent ultraviolet light studied atomic systems other than the noble gases-specifically, the alkali metals-using fixed-frequency input beams. They obtained for the first time practically useful third harmonic conversion efficiencies and showed generally that the large nonlinearities were due t o resonance enhancements. The advantage gained in using metal vapors stems from the fact of their generally low first ionization potentials. Consequently, various bound excited states lie in an energy range where resonance enhancement is possible with the visible input, or VUV third harmonic output beams. The work of Harris et al .3-5 stimulated the interest of various other groups,6-8 each of which then independently focused on the further advantages t o be gained in attaining exact two-photon resonance. These advantages are based upon the lack of linear absorption or dispersion associated with a twophoton resonance. Our own approach, which is characterized experimentally by the use of nitrogen-laser-pumped dye lasers t o provide the input beams, is perhaps best suited t o take advantage of two-photon and other resonance enhancements. It also enables the VUV output t o be tuned. Technical aspects of the dye lasers we employ are adequately described in Reference 9. In the present paper the emphasis will be on physical factors determining the relative VUV output in the various tuning ranges. Before actually discussing VUV generation, however, we shall describe at some length a multiphoton ionization experiment that graphically illustrates the importance of two-photon resonance in nonlinear phenomena in gases and also serves t o acquaint the reader with the arrange-


A compact fusion reactor is one that has a higher power density and, for the same total power, is significantly smaller than a conventional magnetic fusion reactor. This survey reviews the principal physics and technology employed by compact fusion power plants. Each of these concepts has been proposed as a fusion power source and rudimentary power plant designs exist. The concepts reviewed are: compact reversed-field pinch reactors, the Ohmically Heated Toroidal Experiment reactor, TRACT, field-reversed mirror reactor, spheromak, field-reversed theta pinch, compact tokamak reactors, dense Z-pinch reactor, imploding liner reactors, and the wall-confined fusion reactor.


Abstract This study compares the atmospheric reanalyses that have been produced independently at the Data Assimilation Office (DAO) of Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres and at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). These reanalyses were produced by using a frozen state-of-the-art version of the global data assimilation system developed at these two centers. For the period 1987–88 and for the tropical oceanic regions of 30°S–30°N, surface and atmospheric fields related to atmospheric hydrology and radiation are compared and assessed, wherever possible, with satellite data. Some common biases as well as discrepancies between the two independent reassimilation products are highlighted. Considering both annual averages and interannual variability (1987–88), discrepancies between DAO and NCEP reanalysis in water vapor, precipitation, and clear-sky longwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere are generally smaller than discrepancies that exist between corresponding satellite estimates. Am...


Experiments were carried out in a half slot-rectangular spouted bed to investigate the effects of slot width and lower section basal angle on column hydrodynamics. Flow regimes, minimum spouting velocity, spouting and maximum pressure drops, and maximum spoutable bed height were determined for 4 mm diameter polyethylene particles. The results are compared with those for conventional cylindrical and rectangular spouted beds. Correlations for each hydrodynamic parameter are developed and compared with equations available in the literature.


Recently, deep learning-based methods for blind reverberation time estimation have been proposed, and outperform those based on conventional signal processing. The signal processing approaches extract the reverberant environmental features of sound by statistical analysis, while deep learning approaches train a network to capture the relationship between acoustic features and the reverberation time. In this letter, we propose a method for blind reverberation time estimation that explicitly reflects physical properties of reverberation by combining the deep learning approach, attentive pooling, and statistical characteristics of reverberant speech obtained using a signal processing method, i.e., spectral decay rates (SDRs). The results obtained with the proposed blind reverberation time estimation method are superior to the previously published state-of-the-art results for the EVAL dataset of the ACE Challenge. This work can be considered a good example of the collaboration between signal processing expertise and deep learning approach.


Building engineering is one of the keystones to economic competitiveness. As a consequence, computational models for planning and design are important research topics. To meet the expectation that computer-aid enables to produce better designs in shorter time, the tools built on these models need to be fully integrated into the work ow of architects. The paper presents the architecture of a planning and design support system for building engineering. The architecture is highly interactive. It is adaptive to the tasks to be tackled, the particularities of the domain, and the preferences of users. The huge amount of knowledge necessary to support planning and design is acquired automatically, i.e., without bordering the user to answer thousands of questions. Figure 1 sketches the system architecture inclusive the human{system interaction. Modules are represented by boxes. Input and output data are denoted by arrows.


Dress is one thing that is very important as self-expression and the interaction of the wearer influences how people communicate status, personality, identity, and feelings to others. Dressing also has rules according to Islamic law, namely dressing not transparently, not tight, not the color of the skin and not resembling the opposite sex. Due to the increasing era of globalization, Indonesian people, especially children of the next generation, actually imitate or participate in globalization by dressing that is not appropriate according to Islamic law. Besides that, the era of globalization greatly affects the development of technology. An example of a highly developed technology is Smartphones based on Android. One way to attract people's interest to know how to dress properly in Islam is with animated videos. The Android-Based Dressing Guide Application for Muslim Women and Men was created with two programs, namely Adobe Animate and Herman. The Adobe Animate application is used because it has more complete and up-to-date features and fulfills the need to create Android-based applications. Animated videos are made using Adobe Animate, for audio and backsound using stock background music from the Yottube platform and other supporting websites. The result of this application is an .apk file that is compatible with Android mobile devices. The results of testing this application are expected to provide understanding to children aged 6 years and over about the benefits of dressing according to Islamic law in an attractive and fun format.


Unlike Leg 3, the sampling coverage on Leg 4 was too sparse to allow even tentative magnetic stratigraphies to be interpreted for the sections of continuous core. During Leg 3, oriented samples had been taken every 50 centimeters and at even closer intervals surrounding important paleontologic boundaries. Leg 4 samples, on the other hand, were at best 1.5 meters (5 feet) apart. Thus, when summary charts were constructed (Figures 7 through 10), the polarities of individual points rather than those of actual sections of core have been presented.


This paper presents a scheduling algorithm on cluster, named modified earliest finish time with task description (MEFTTD). Unlike other algorithms, MEFTTD needs programmers to describe the attribute of their parallel program. Then, MEFTTD uses these descriptions to optimize scheduling strategy. In this paper, round-robin algorithm (R-R), Heterogeneous Earliest-Finish-Time algorithm (HEFT) and MEFTTD are compared. The overall result demonstrates that MEFTTD can improve scheduling performance dramatically.


--Hardwood species reproduce through seeding and sprouting. Frequent selective cuttings and small, incomplete openings favor tolerant species; the opposite conditions favor intolerants. Factors to be considered in evaluating and predicting reproduction before harvest are listed. Additional keywords: Silvics, reproduction. Ninety-five percent of the southern hardwood resource is in natural stands. Plantations will probably be important in the future, but at present their expense makes it necessary to maintain high yields of lumber and wood fiber in natural stands. Careful planning is necessary for obtaining the rapid, complete regeneration that ensures high yields. Many land managers, howe'."er, do not fully understand how hardwoods reproduce and for that reason fail to achieve adequate regeneration in their stands. This paper discusses the factors that affect hardwood reproduction and how land managers can control regeneration. REPRODUCTION OF HARDWOODS All hardwood stands reproduce in one of, or in a combination of, three ways. First, stands can regenerate after a harvest by widespread establishment of seed. More commonly, new trees are gradually established from seed over the years. Finally, regeneration by sprouts from the stumps and roots of cut trees is a significant part of most stands. For examining reproduction from seed, hardwoods can be divided into species that have light seeds and those that have heavy seeds. The first group includes sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), sweetgum (Liguidambar styraciflua L.), yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), maple (Acer L.), cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.), willow (Salix nigra Marsh:); boxelder (Acer negundo L.), elm (Ulmus L.) and ash (Fraxinus L.). Species with heavy seeds are primarily the oaks (Quercus L.) and hickories (Carya Nutt.) Usually, light-seeded species are more apt to produce a new stand through post-harvest seeding than are heavy seeders. For both groups there must be an abundance of viable seed for new trees to become established in adequate numbers. Most light-seeded species produce fair to good seed crops annually, but on occasion produce no seeds over a broad area, such as was the case with green ash (Fraxlnus pennsylvanica Marsh.) in the fall of 1976. Species with heavy seeds tend to produce good crops infrequently, every 3 to 5 years for many (Beck and Olson 1968; Burns, Christisen, and Nichols 1"354; DeBell and Hook 1969; Goebel and McGregor 1973; Tryon and Carvell 1962). 11 Principal Silviculturist, Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, which is maintained at StoneVille, MiSSiSSippi, by the Southern Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service--U$DA, in cooperation with the MissiSSippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station and the Southern Hardwood Forest Research Group.


Based on the mechanism of heavy oil catalytic cracking and the features of two reaction zones of maximizing iso-paraffins(MIP) process,a 10-lumped kinetic model was established according to the data from a commercial unit of MIP which included saturates(SS),aromatics(SA),resin and asphaltene(SR) in the feed,diesel(D),gasoline saturated hydrocarbons(GS),gasoline olefins(GO),gasoline aromatics(GA),liquefied petroleum gas(LPG),dry gas(Gas) and coke(C).40 Sets of kinetic parameters were calculated and tested by industrial data.The results showed that the model predicted well the main products,especially hydrocarbon group composition of gasoline,and reflected the catalytic cracking reaction rule.This model can guide the optimization of MIP process.


An adhesive composition for medical devices, comprising: at least one type of epoxy resin (A) selected from a group comprising a bisphenol A epoxy resin, a bisphenol F epoxy resin, and a phenol novolak epoxy resin; and a modified silicone (B).


It is known that sperm cells will settle out of extender over time which could impact the concentration per dose within a batch. The objective of this study to investigate the effects of mixing prior to packaging on concentration of packaged insemination doses. At a commercial boar stud, three ejaculates were collected, extended, pooled and assigned to one of three treatment groups: pour-mix (PM) where ejaculates were immediately packaged after combining the three ejaculates, stir-mix (SM) where three ejaculates were combined and stirred thoroughly then packaged, or no mixing (NM) where pooled ejaculates were allowed to sit for 10 min then packaged. Semen was packaged with 35ml per tube creating ~350 individual doses of semen. Every fifth dose was labeled with consecutive numbers (~70/treatment) and overnighted to Purdue University. Concentration of each dose was determined using the NucleoCounter® SP-100TM. The entire study was repeated over 6 weeks. Within treatment, concentration did not differ among doses for the PM and SM treatments. However, NM doses were less concentrated (P< 0.001) in doses >300 compared to all others and doses 251–300 were less concentrated than doses 1 to 50. NM samples 1–250 averaged 36.12 million cells/ml whereas samples 251 to the end of the batch averaged 34.68 million/ml. This results in the last 20 doses having ~50.4 million less cells/dose. Across treatments, NM had lower concentrations (P=0.02) from doses >200 compared to the SM treatment. PM appeared to be an intermediate as it was numerically lower than SM, but not statistically different from either NM or SM. The difference in concentrations between the NM and SM >200 was 1.85 million/ml equaling 64.75 million fewer cells. Overall, allowing semen to settle and not mixing prior to packaging can result in 50–64 million cells fewer per dose in the last 50–100 doses packaged.


Join us for a presentation in which education scholar Dr. Ricky Lee Allen discusses psychoanalysis in Paulo Freire's work. Allen contends that the psychoanalytic dimension of Freire's work is understudied, and this must be remedied to realize the fuller potential of critical pedagogy. Oppressive societies are loveless arrangements caught up in psychosocial cycles of abuse, terror, surveillance, and violence. Allen seeks to disrupt this reality through an amplification of the psychoanalytic theory at the heart of Freire's work. He will look at the links to Frantz Fanon, Albert Memmi, and Erich Fromm. Finally, he will suggest a transformation of the loveless society through a critical pedagogy of healing.


Pedicle valves greatly outnumber brachial valves in disarticulated samples of the Upper Ordovician brachiopod Platystrophia ponderosa. Some articulated specimens are compressed (shortened), probably by burial and compaction. The shortening is accommodated by fracturing, which is largely confined to the brachial valve. This preferential fracturing of the brachial valve can account for the observed paucity of whole brachial valves of P. ponderosa in the fossil record, and suggests that mechanisms other than differential current transport contribute to valve disproportionation. Discriminating between autochthonous and transported assemblages on the basis of valve ratios may lead to erroneous paleoecological interpretations, because brachial valves could be destroyed preferentially, without significant transport to the burial site.


Data on the electrical conductance, density, viscosity, and surface tension of nitrate—nitrate, nitrite—nitrite, and nitrite—nitrate mixtures have been systematically collected and evaluated. Results are given for some 71 binary mixtures over a range of compositions and temperatures. Values of the above properties for the single salts have been updated in accord with previously advanced recommendations.


The influence of doping effects on different static properties of spherical ferromagnetic nanoparticles is studied based on the Heisenberg model and by using the Green function technique. The obtained results show that the properties can increase or decrease for different kinds and numbers of doping ions. Moreover, the filling with defects beginning from the surface shell leads to a stronger increase or decrease of the magnetization, the Curie temperature, and the coercive field with an increasing number of defect shells compared to the case of filling with defects beginning from the central atom. The results are in accordance with the experimental data.


The article describes the structure of the knowledge measured by the unified state exam on computer science; the analysis of the results of the exam in computer science in the altai region is given and the levels of proficiency of students' knowledge in the various topics of the discipline are identified.


The American Chemical Society and ShanghaiTech University have launched a new journal, , in a partnership signed June 1. Jiaxing Huang of Northwestern University will serve as its editor in chief. ...


The new international headache classification has made valid epidemiological research of headache disorders possible. Based on the diagnostic criteria from this classification the prevalence of the different headache disorders in a general population will be determined. The study is a cross sectional epidemiological survey of a representative population in Copenhagen County ( 1 , Z ) . A random sample of 1000 25-64 year-old men and women is taken. The population is representative concerning sex, age and a series of socio-economical factors. Presently 730 participants have been examined. 7 persons are examined per day. The period of collecting data ends in July 1989. Self-administered questionnaires describe demographic variables, somatic and psycho-social conditions, personality and pattern of sleep. The headache is classified according to a self-administered questionnaire, a diagnostic headache interview and according to a neurologic examination. On the days of examination paraclinicil tests including EMG measurement, pressure dlgometer" measuring on m. temporalis and a series of hormone analyses are made. Furthermore, a dentist examine the muscles of chewing, the jaw-joint and the status of the teeth. The frequencies of headache disorders will be analysed in relation to sociodemographic and socio-economic variables, work conditions, utilization of health services, physical activity, smokingand alcohol habits, various diseases and symptoms with the purpose of identifying possible risk indicators for the different forms of headache. Another essential aim of the study is to provide reference material for other studies of headache on selected groups. The validity of the selfTadministered headache questionnaire is evaluated in comparison to the diagnostic headache interview in combination with the clinical data. An elaboration of a validated headache questionnaire combined with a knowledge about the


To observe the effects of Droperidol used in morphine epidural analgesia,60 patients were randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B,A was contrast group).Based on the analgesia liquid of group A,the liquid of group B was added Droperidol.After the analgesia of patients'operation,the conditions of VAS evaluation,sleep,nausea and vomit were investigated.The results showed that VAS in the two groups were not obviously different(P0.05);but when group B was compared with group A,group B was obviously different from group A in nausea and vomit(P0.05).Meanwhile,it also showed that Droperidol could effectively decrease the nausea and vomit in epidural analgesia.


Two inventions — the bipolar transistor and the integrated circuit — have fundamentally revolutionized the technology of mankind. Within a period of fifty years, the microelectronics industry has increased the number of transistors fabricated on a single piece of semiconductor crystal by a factor of about 100 million, that is, 1.0e10+8, a productivity phenomenon unparalleled in the history of technology and mankind. This paper begins with a historical review of that revolution — from the first integrated circuit to modern very large scale integration (VLSI) technology — and then reviews the development of present-day microelectronics manufacturing technology, based on the concept of the "planar process." The topics covered include silicon crystal technology, crystal dopant techniques, silicon oxidation development, lithography, materials deposition processes, pattern transfer mechanisms, metal interconnect technology, and material passivation technology. The paper concludes with a review of the major technical and economic issues that face the microelectronics industry today and discusses the future technical and economic paths that the industry may take.


The focus of this research was to study how process parameters including fibre alignment, fibre length, fibre volume percentage and alkali pretreatment affected the mechanical and dynamic mechanical characteristics (DMA) of the sansevieria fibre composite. The nonwoven fabric was produced through the needle punching technique. 18 composite samples have been produced according to L18 Taguchi design. Four different process parameters were considered for investigation, such as fibre length, fibre volume fraction, the concentration of alkali and fibre alignment. Using Design S/ N ratio analysis, the optimized process parameters for achieving maximum tensile, flexural and compression properties of the composite were measured. In the case of DMA analysis, three different parameters have been calculated only for selected samples such as storage modulus, loss modulus and loss factor. Variance analyses were carried out to measure the statistical influence of the process parameters on response. After this, validation of experiments was also done. SEM study was also carried out to understand the damage pattern of the composite sample.


This paper analyses labour market integration in Austria of non-European refugees originating from middle and low income countries for the period 2009-2018. We assess their probability of being employed in comparison to non-humanitarian migrants, European third country immigrants and natives. We draw on a register based panel dataset covering the complete labour market careers of all individuals residing in Austria. We control for macro level explanatory variables (e.g. the labour market situation at the time and the place of settlement) and individual characteristics. The analysis shows that initial refugee employment gaps are large in the first years when labour market access is difficult. After a period of seven years the unconditional gap between refugees and natives declines to 30 percentage points, similar to the one of non-humanitarian migrants, but the gap is still further decreasing. After controlling for a set of additional explanatory variables, the conditional gap amounts to only 10 percentage points at the same time. Moreover, our analysis provides insights into differences between employment gaps across population subgroups of immigrant groups and natives by gender, age and education level. Disclaimer Research for this paper was financed by the Anniversary Fund of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Project No. 17166). Support provided by Oesterreichische Nationalbank for this research is gratefully acknowledged.


A number of studies have suggested associations between dementia and depression in older adults. One reason could be that these disorders share structural correlates, such as white matter lesions (WMLs) and cortical atrophy. No study has examined whether these lesions precede both dementia and depression independently of each other in the general population.


The conflict on the island of Bougainville in Papua New Guinea was easily the worst tragedy to befall the South West Pacific since World War II. Between ten and fifteen thousand lives were lost, many others traumatised and uprooted, and the territory's social and economic structure devastated. A peace process under way since 1997 has made tangible progress, but many years of physical repair, social reconstruction, and psychological healing are needed before Bougainville can consign its tragedies to the past. After outlining the conflict's causes, the paper will address the reasons for its prolonged stalemate and resistance to settlement. The peace process is evaluated, with the identities and functions of the non-state actors most immediately involved explained. Bougainville's distinctive ethnic configuration within a Melanesian setting, where lines of state responsibility do not accord with social identities, is addressed. Given the legitimacy and sovereignty considerations raised by non-state actor involvement within internal conflict settlement processes, a delicate balance of constraints and possibilities faced New Zealand's third party mediation role. That role is evaluated in a setting where the individual and group aspirations of the non-state actors most directly involved facilitated, yet also obstructed moves towards a negotiated settlement and its planned implementation.


Pilgrimage site is a testimony to the sacred emergence and integration of space and time with the human spirit. The Kumbh Mela is one of the world's largest Hindu gathering known for bringing auspiciousness and contentment to its believers. The study is an attempt to bring out the significances of Kumbh as an important Hindu pilgrimage site and enumerating its healing dynamics.


EDITOR—The interesting drug point by Farley-Hills et al, on fatal liver failure associated with pioglitazone, is missing data.1 I hope that it will remind doctors to monitor liver function and not cause a scare similar to that which …


In this paper, we studied maximal monotonicity of type FPV for sum of two maximal monotone operators of type FPV and the obtained results improve and complete the corresponding results of this filed.


Usually the evaluation of eggs fertility is done with ovoscopy. The principal inconvenient is the need to manipulate the egg, this prevents its application in wildlife. This is why it was studied to substitute this method for termography, analizing the termic patterns of 190 eggs of Falco naumanni. The obtained results show that termography allows us to differentiate the fertile eggs, from unfertile, and aborted ones thanks to its different termic patters and cooling speeds since 3 days after the lay. Its possible to use it both during the artificial incubation and in nature with different environment conditions, being necessary to have in mind the place, the number of days that have passed since the lay as well as the temperature at the beginning.


No region of the world is entirely free from the problems of providing adequate food for its population, such problems are blooming more acute in over populated Asian counties like India and China. Thus our agricultural system is facing a challenge of feeding about 6.3 billion persons projected for the year 2000. Green Revolution represents one of the major attempts in facing this challenge as it demonstrated that much more effective use could be made of cereal crops in the tropics than had previously been thought feasible, Until now this attempt has been based entirely on the production of cereal crops and its momentum seems to be slowing down.


The need to encourage citizens' adoption of e-government services has led to an increasing interest in the evaluation of e-government websites. The success of e-government websites depends on how well it is perceived by the end-users. User experience of e-government websites is considered one of important factors affecting the success or failure of e-government websites. However, researchers have focused on infrastructure issues not giving user experience of websites attention as one of the factors affect usage of government services. Focusing on the three high levels of UX components namely user internal state, the characteristic of the system and context and using hedonic/pragmatic quality model to measure the user experience. This study evaluated e-government websites UX from public value perspective. iTax website in Kenya was used as a case study. Findings are discussed with reference to previous research and recommendations for practice. Finally, further research works are offered.


Design of microstructured reactors with thermal control function is investigated through numerical simulation. It consists of one middle channel for handling chemicals and two other channels attached to its top and bottom for cooling purpose. Three designs are examined. Reactor A uses simple straight channels. In reactor B, chaotic flow is applied to the middle channel, and in reactor C chaotic flow is applied to all the three channels. Results show that in comparison with the straight channel, the Nusselt number in current design is greatly improved through chaotic flow. Rapid mixing is also achieved. Potential application of the design for continuous exothermic process is analyzed. For reactor A, it is not workable as the temperature of the chemical solution continuously increases over the channel. In comparison, for both reactors B and C the temperature can be well controlled within the required range. As the coolant flow in reactor C is also chaotic, it provides a higher heat removal capacity. © 2012 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Th e Density Management and Riparian Buff er Study (DMS) of western Oregon is a template for numerous research projects on managed federal forestlands. Herein, I review the origins of Riparian Buffer Study component and summarize key findings of a suite of associated aquatic vertebrate projects. Aquatic vertebrate study objectives include characterization of headwater fauna and habitats, and examination of the eff ects on headwater-dwelling species of combined buffer-and thinning treatments in years 1, 2, 5, and 10 post-treatment. Some treatment eff ects have emerged, with negative eff ects on bank amphibian counts occurring in treatments with the narrowest buffers 10 years post-thinning. Nevertheless, all taxa appear to be persisting at sites. Instream amphibians, in particular, appear to be highly resilient to the types of disturbances resulting from the thinning and buff er treatments of the DMS.


Palladium Oxide (PdO) nanoparticles were synthesized by solution combustion method by using palladium (II)nitrate. The PdO nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectraRay diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), The UV – Visible spectra revels that the band gap energy PdO nanoparticles is 2.45eV using Tauc plot. The XRD pattern shows that the synthesized PdO nanoparticles were pure and nano-sized, The SEM image revels that the PdO nanoparticles were spherical shape. The nanoparticles and the presence of Pd and O in the nanoparticle is confirmed from EDAX spectrum. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized PdO nanoparticles was examined by the kinetics of degradation of indigo carmine dye. The photocatalytic decolourization of the dye follows first order kinetics.


While this article was in press, the Editors were shocked to learn of the death of Dr. Ernest M. Doblin on July I4. They take this opportunity to pay tribute to the important work which Dr. Doblin did in many fields of economics and especially in the area of national income. The availability of income statistics as well as their improvement owe a great deal to Dr. Doblin. The following article stands as it was printed from manuscript without the benefit of author's corrections in proof.


As a canonical response to the applied magnetic field, the electronic states of a metal are fundamentally reorganized into Landau levels. In Dirac metals, Landau levels can be expected without magnetic fields, provided that an inhomogeneous strain is applied to spatially modulate electron hoppings in a similar way as the Aharonov-Bohm phase. We here predict that a twisted zigzag nanoribbon of graphene exhibits strain-induced pseudo-Landau levels of unexplored but analytically solvable dispersions at low energies. The presence of such dispersive pseudo-Landau levels results in a negative strain-resistivity characterizing the $1+1$-dimensional chiral anomaly if partially filled and can greatly enhance the thermopower when fully filled.


Summary We retrospecti\'eJy studied 18 patients with cystic fibrosis, who underwent surgery for gallbladder dis ease from 1975 to 1990. A long delay between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis was noted (mean 8.7 months). This delay was attributed to masking of the symptoms of biliary disease by the malabsorption and pulmonary symp toms seen in this patient population. We do not recommend routine intraoperati\'e cholangiographr in patients with crs tic fibrosis and gallbladder disease. Cystic fibrosis is a disease \\ith progressi\'e pulmonary deterioration. Cholecystectomy can be per formed in these patients with relative safety if careful preoperative and postoperative care is provided. We recom mend early operative intervention in the patient \\ith gall bladder disease and cystic fibrosis.


The present invention relates to a method for selecting additives for a solution process for preparing high efficiency optoelectronic device, a selection system using the same, a method for evaluating efficiency of optoelectronic devices and an evaluating system using the same. According to the present invention, the present invention can quantitatively evaluate an effect of an additive for a solution process on the efficiency of a solar cell without preparing an optoelectronic device. A selection method and a selection condition of an additive for a solution process which can improve the efficiency of the optoelectronic device can be identified, thereby having an advantage of being economical and convenient.


Portrait of Archdeacon Alfred Nesbitt Brown sitting at a table with a book. Photographed by Hemus and Hanna between 1879 and 1882.
Inscriptions: Verso - : In pencil: Archdeacon A N Brown (Tauranga)
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).


1. Do the residents appear neat, clean and odor free? No 1 –There was a distinct urine odor in some rooms and by extension the hallway. Secondly, several residents had food residue on their clothes in the upper chest area which appeared to be a result of the breakfast. 2. Did residents say they receive assistance with personal care activities? (i.e. brushing their teeth, combing their hair, inserting dentures or cleaning their eyeglasses) Yes


Objective To investigate the influence of preoperative arterial chemoembolization on expression of Ki-67,and clinical significance in bladder cancer. Methods Before and after chemoembolizafion of therapy,the expression of Ki-67 in 30 patients of bladder cancer tissue were examined by immunohistochemical staining.The rehtion of its expression to the pathological grade and clinical stage was evaluated clinically.Results Positive rate of Ki-67 expression in the bladder cancer tissue was 70.00% and 26.67% respectively.There was significant difference between the before and after therapy (P<0.01). Follow-up for mean 24.6 months recurrence rate in 30 cases was 16.67%.The expression of Ki-67 correhted to the pathological grade, clinical stage and patient recurrence rates of bladder cancer.Conclusions Preoperative arterial chemeembelization can reduce the expression of Ki-67,adjust malignancy of bladder cancer,could downgrade and downstage the tumors,and cut down the postoperative metastasis,improve survival rate and reduce recurrence rate.Both of the Ki-67 labeling index are predictive factor for recurrence of superficial bladder cancer.

Key words:
Bladder neoplasms; Chemoembolization,therapeutic; Ki-67 antigen


. The increased parking demand is resulted from a high dependence on private motorized transport in Vietnamese urban areas. The planning and design of parking facilities should take into account the residents' parking behavior to balance parking supply and demand. This paper presents a study on parking behavior for new central urban areas through case studies in Thu Dau Mot City, Thuan An City and Di An City of Binh Duong province. The stated preference approach and multinomial logit model are adopted to analyze the impacts of parking lot attributes on parking behavior. The results have shown that walking distance to parking location, parking price, parking duration and the type of parked vehicle are the most significant factors. Several parking service features are also significant to the choice of parking locations. Therefore, planning of parking locations should take into acount the trade-off effect between the distance and parking pricing scheme. Parking lots should be designed to offer the users with security and facilities in accordance with vehicle type and parking duration.


The method of operating I have usually seen adopted, has been to include the part to be destroyed within the field of the speculum; to defend the healthy tissues by cotton-wool saturated with dilute acetic acid; and, after having thoroughly destroyed the diseased portion, to mop the part freely with the dilute acid. In somne instances it may be advisable not to destroy the whole of the diseased portion at one sitting. If taken in time, wMhen the cervix is only affected, before the vagia, the bodv of the uterus, the inguinal or lumbar glands, have become the subject of the dis-ease, I think it wiU be found that destruction of the diseased portion by potassa fusa or solid chlori(le of zinc, cani be (lepended upon, as mluch as any of the operations tor the removal of malignanit disxease front the otber parts of the boly. I amu, etc., C. HoLAN-, M.D. Ileigate, May 1853.


Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine whether there are differences in the lateral ventricular volumes, measured by three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) depending on the posture of the neonate (right and left lateral decubitus). Study Design This was a prospective analysis of the lateral ventricular volumes of preterm neonates recruited from Victoria Hospital, London, Ontario (June 2018–November 2019). A total of 24 premature neonates were recruited. The first cohort of 18 unstable premature neonates were imaged with 3D US in their current sides providing 15 right-sided and 16 left-sided 3D US images. The neonates in the second cohort of six relatively stable infants were imaged after positioning in each lateral decubitus position for 30 minutes, resulting in 40 3D US images obtained from 20 posture change sessions. The images were segmented and the ventricle volumes in each lateral posture were compared with determine whether the posture of the head influenced the volume of the upper and lower ventricle. Results For the first cohort who did not have their posture changed, the mean of the right and left ventricle volumes were 23.81 ± 15.51 and 21.61 ± 16.19 cm3, respectively, for the 15 images obtained in a right lateral posture and 13.96 ± 8.69 and 14.92 ± 8.77 cm3, respectively, for the 16 images obtained in the left lateral posture. Similarly, for the second cohort who had their posture changed, the mean of right and left ventricle volumes were 20.92 ± 17.3 and 32.74 ± 32.33 cm3, respectively, after 30 minutes in the right lateral posture, and 21.25 ± 18.4 and 32.65 ± 31.58 cm3, respectively, after 30 minutes in the left lateral posture. Our results failed to show a statistically significant difference in ventricular volumes dependence on posture. Conclusion Head positioned to any lateral side for 30 minutes does not have any effect on the lateral ventricular volumes of neonates. Key Points Three-dimensional cranial ultrasound can measure neonatal ventricle volume. Ventricle volume in each lateral ventricle may be affected by posture of the neonate. The 30 minutes in any lateral posture is not sufficient to create volume difference in lateral ventricles.


Objectives
Studies suggested that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with multiple dietary factors. Earlier studies addressed issues related to dietary allergens and toxicants. Recent attention has turned to nutrient imbalance resulted from unhealthy dietary habit. This study aims to investigate dietary and nutritional biochemistry profiles of ADHD and to explore their potential relationship by path analysis.

Methods
We enrolled 216 children with ADHD and 216 age-, height- and gender-matched controls from 31 elementary schools in Taiwan. Dietary intake of the participants was assessed using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Fasting blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of multiple nutritional markers, including several potential vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids. Moreover, we employed a structural equation model (SEM) to link diet, nutritional markers and ADHD.

Results
Compared to healthy control, ADHD children had significantly lower serum levels of vitamin B12, folate, vitamin B6, ferritin concentration, and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), but higher levels of serum saturated fatty acids (SFA), n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio, and inorganic phosphorous concentration (Table 1). Children with ADHD had more intakes of nutrient-poor foods such as high sugar and high fat foods, and had less intakes of vegetable, fruit, protein-rich foods than their counterpart (Table 2). SEM analysis showed that the poor nutritional biochemistry profiles linked the association between unhealthy dietary patterns and ADHD (Figure 1).

Conclusions
We found that lower serum levels of B-vitamins and imbalanced mineral and fatty acid distributions were risk factors of ADHD and path analysis suggests that unhealthy dietary pattern may be a predecessor of the poor nutritional biochemistry status. Managing diet and nutrition conditions should be trialed and considered among methods to improve ADHD symptoms in children.

Funding Sources
National Science Council of Taiwan R.O.C.; Academia Sinica.

Supporting Tables Images and/or Graphs


Background: A high risk pregnancy sounds scary; it refers to anything that puts the mother or fetus at increased risk for poor health during pregnancy or childbirth. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of women about the main maternal risk factors in pregnancy. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted. Setting: fromfour hospitals in Damietta governorate during the period of the study. Subjects: 220 pregnant women randomly selected Tool:  An interview questioner and likert scale were used for data collection. Results: About two third of studied sample (60.5%) were aged from25 to less than 35years old. Near half of them 45%was secondary school. About half of studied sample their housing near pollution 44.1%. One third of studied sample 30.5% had regular antenatal visit. More than half 58.6% of studied sample had knowledge about high risk pregnancy. Half of them 50.0% had sought hospitalization to promote their pregnancy from high risk. There is highly statistically significant relation between pregnancy out come and total attitude level significant found in between current pregnancy test and total knowledge level. Conclusion The results indicate that pregnant women lack knowledge regarding the main maternal risk factors. Recommendation: Our results suggest an urgent need for the design of interventions to improve women's levels of knowledge and to promote appropriate behavior in relation to the major risk factors in pregnancy.


s and Program PRE-EDIACARAN MULTICELLULAR LIFE: HARBINGER OF A PHANEROZOIC RADIATION. BUTTERFIELD, Nicholas J., Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. Multicellular organisms must have had a substantial pre-Ediacaran history, but the fossil evidence is sparse and often equivocal. The taxonomic resolution necessary to constrain phylogenetic hypotheses is limited largely to Lagerstatte-grade fossils that retain evidence of diagnostic cell division patterns. Uniseriate and multiseriate filaments in the 1267-723 Ma Hunting Formation, Somerset Island, derive from transverse and longitudinal intercalary cell division programs indistinguishable from those of the modern red alga Bangia, and establish a significantly pre-Ediacaran datum point for the Rhodophyta. Likewise, on the basis of a distinctive "segregative cell division", three taxa of siphonocladalean green algae (Chlorophyta) are identified in the ca. 750 Ma Svanbergfjellet Formation, Spitsbergen. Process-bearing vesicles in the Svanbergfjellet sequence further compare with the germinating zoospores of the modern chromophyte alga Vaucheria, while convincing Vaucheria-like thalli are reported from ca. 900 Ma deposits in Siberia. The broad co-occurrence of multicellular Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, and Chromophyta by at least 750 Ma ago accords well with molecular evidence that suggests the three principal algal clades diverged from a common ancestor during a brief but marked radiation relatively late in eukaryote evolution. Complex multicellularity featuring cellular and tissue(?) differentiation is also encountered in the preEdiacaran fossil record. A large ornate form in the Svanbergfjellet succession preserves at least six readily distinguishable cell types and, despite its taxonomic uncertainty, can be characterized as at least as complex as the most complex modern algae or fungi. No cellularity is preserved in the late Proterozoic macrofossil Tawuia; however, SEM and light microscopy of its isolated wall reveal a complex histology suggestive of a relatively advanced grade of multicellularity. Another Svanbergfjellet macrofossil has a distinct wall structure and bears a terminal pair of large reniform structures; if these prove to be truly bilaterally symmetrical, this fossil represents a grade of organization otherwise not recognized until the Ediacaran. Further analysis of these and other pre-Ediacaran 'problematica' may clarify their taxonomic relationships and promises to resolve at least some of the 'Cambrian explosion' into a meaningful sequence of evolutionary change. 47


The article is devoted to the problem of legal guaranteeing of emigration of the Russian subjects during XVII the beginning of XX centuries, the history of the question is considered upon examples of some legal acts.


Different peoples or nations may have different concepts of highest value,but they have one common point in terms of their connotations,that is to say,they all contain the idea of highest good and love and provide a spiritual home for people to settle down and get on with their pursuit.The contemporary worldwide spiritual crisis is mainly manifested in the loss and deficiency of the highest value concept.Whether "God is dead" in the West or China's complete break with "holiness and benevolence" is a "self-deprivation" of their own highest value concept.With the absence of spiritual home,people have fallen into "nihilism",which suggests that the highest spiritual binding force,motivational force and life objective are lost,and they can act as they please.Consequently,evils such as war,crime and moral degradation have become a common phenomenon.Therefore,for the purpose of building a spiritual home for the public,the right way to the problem only lies in connecting the traditional vein value and constructing a new concept highest value by developing the useful and discarding the useless.


As a new category of cultural heritage, Cultural Routes help not only to observe the evolution of this concept but to reveal its true macrostructure. They also help to recognise the increasing importance of both the environmental and territorial aspects related to cultural heritage. Cultural Routes represent a value set whose whole is greater than the sum of its parts and offer new perspectives for preservation / conservation by stimulating intercultural dialogue, sustainable development, and cultural tourism. This category launches a model for a new ethics of conservation that contemplates cultural values as a common and shared heritage which often transcends the internal frontiers and requires to unify our efforts to be defended.
The International Scientific Committee on Cultural Routes of ICOMOS has worked hard for the last ten years in order to define their characteristics and to elaborate a methodology aiming at their identification, appreciation, inventory and adequate treatment. This paper will present a resume of this work and its results.
Among other aspects, there will be explained the differences between real Cultural Routes and simple thematic circuits or tourist tours which are based on associations of ideas or elements and other ways of communication like cultural corridors that do not correspond to the historic and conceptual category of Cultural Routes.
Cultural Routes forge into a dynamic system of reciprocal influences the historic communication routes which served a specific and well determined goal over significant periods of the history, along with tangible and intangible cultural assets associated with their functionality which testify the existence of those reciprocal influences. They occur within a natural context and on a variety of possible scales: local, national, regional, continental, and transcontinental.
Monuments


Reactions of Cl atoms with ethane (1), chloroethane (2), and 1,1-dichloroethane (3) were studied experimentally with the discharge flow/resonance fluorescence technique over wide ranges of temperatures and at pressures between 2.3 and 9.2 Torr. Results of earlier investigations of the reactions of Cl atoms with ethane and chloroethanes are analyzed and compared with the results of the current work. The rate constants of the reaction of Cl atoms with ethane obtained in the current study (k1 = (4.91 × 10-12)T0.47 exp(−82 K/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1, 299−1002 K) agree with the results of earlier determinations. Combination of the temperature dependence of k1 obtained in the current work with the existing (mostly at lower temperatures) literature data results in the expression k1 = (7.23 × 10-13)T0.70 exp(+117 K/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 (203−1400 K). Rate constants of the reactions of Cl atoms with chloroethane and 1,1-dichloroethane demonstrate different temperature dependences in the low-temperature (room temperat...


The Atellica® CI 1900 Analyzer is an automated, mid-throughput, integrated chemistry and immunoassay analyzer employing both Atellica chemistry and Atellica immuno assays. This study was designed to evaluate the analytical performance of the Atellica CH Alkaline Phosphatase concentrated (ALP_2c), Direct Bilirubin 2 (DBil_2), Total Bilirubin_2 (TBil_2), Albumin (Alb), Albumin BCP (AlbP), Total Protein II (TP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Aspartate Aminotransferase P5P (ASTPLc), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), and Alanine Aminotransferase P5P (ALTPLc) assays* on the Atellica CI 1900 Analyzer.

 The Atellica CI 1900 ALP_2c, DBil_2, TBil_2, Alb, AlbP, TP, AST, ASTPLc, ALT, and ALTPLc assays use the same reagents and calibrators as the Atellica Chemistry assays. Precision and method comparison (MC) were used as performance indicators for the Atellica CI 1900 Analyzer. Precision studies were performed according to CLSI EP05-A3 using native and contrived human serum samples. One aliquot of each sample pool was tested in duplicate in two runs per day >2 h apart on each analyzer for >20 days. MC studies were performed according to CLSI EP09-A3. Individual native and contrived human serum samples were analyzed using the Atellica CH assays on both the Atellica® CH 930 and Atellica CI 1900 Analyzers.

 Representative precision and MC results are listed for each assay in the table below. For the nine assays tested, repeatability and within-lab %CVs were <6.0% and <9.0%, respectively. Slopes determined by the Deming linear regression model were approximately equal to 1.

 Evaluation of the Atellica CH ALP_2c, DBil_2, TBil_2, Alb, AlbP, TP, AST, ASTPLc, ALT, and ALTPLc assays using the Atellica CI 1900 Analyzer demonstrated acceptable precision and equivalent performance compared to the same assays on the Atellica CH 930 Analyzer.
 *The products mentioned are not commercially available in all countries. Their future availability cannot be guaranteed.


The moisture-proof coating is consisted of organosilicone resinand fluorocarbon resin. The results show that it has excellent character of mechanical, dielectric, environmental resistence and increased strength of substrate. The relation among system, composition, structure of coating and properties was analyzed. The results show the coating is an ideal coating of radome.


In the paper,taking screening and preliminarily identification of amylase-producing strain as an example,tips on exploratory experiment teaching were summarized base on microbiology teaching experience.The paper provides reference for reform of microbiology exploratory experiment teaching.


ABSTRACT A double-basin solar still with vacuum tubes showed impressive distillate output due to getting potable water from lower and upper basins. But it is also true that distillate output of the upper basin is lower compared with that of the lower basin. Hence, work is required to increase distillate output of the upper basin. In the present work, the upper basin was used with various energy-absorbing materials like black granite gravel, pebbles and calcium stones. The main purpose of using absorbing materials is to store excess energy during sunshine hours and release during off-sunshine hours. Therefore, the distillate output of the upper basin is increased compared with a still with only an upper basin. Hence, continuous work on a double-basin solar still with vacuum tubes (DBSWVT) by putting above energy absorbing materials is carried out during clear sky days of July 2014 and in June 2014. For comparison of a still with energy-absorbing materials, experimental readings of three days of May 2014 (1st, 5th and 9th) are chosen to determine the performance output of the present still with the said energy-absorbing materials. At last, yearly average distillate output of DBSWVT is carried out with said energy absorbing materials, cost of potable water/INR, energy payback time found 0.509 and 109 days. Also, on comparison with other researchers' work in terms of percentage increment in distillate output 229.2% increment was found compared with a passive solar still.


It was hypothesized that completion of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) would influence self-reported mood, through subjects' comparison of their own state with the affectively negative content of the BDI. In Study 1, college students completed the BDI, Snyder's Self-Monitoring scale, or no initial questionnaire before completing a 20-item mood measure. Given the generally positive affective state and self-relevant constructs of college students, it was expected that subjects completing the BDI would contrast their own state with its affectively dissimilar content and would derive from the BDI a (negative) standard of reference against which they would evaluate their current state; consequently, it was hypothesized that completion of the BDI would result in a more positive mood. As predicted, subjects who had completed the BDI reported the most positive affect. In Study 2, subjects were dichotomized on depression scores and completed the BDI either before or after a mood measure. It was expected that, among subjects who completed the BDI first, nondepressed subjects would contrast the BDI content and report more positive moods, but depressed subjects would assimilate the BDI content and report more negative moods. Overall, subjects reported more positive mood after completing the BDI. However; this effect was attenuated for the depressed group. In Study 3 a more depressed group was employed, and the predicted interaction was observed. That is, depressed subjects were more negative, and nondepressed subjects more positive, if they first completed the BDL. The results are discussed in terms of the implications for future research and the interpretation of past research.


The EMI model represents excitable cells in a more accurate manner than traditional homogenized models at the price of increased computational complexity. The increased complexity of solving the EMI model stems from a significant increase in the number of computational nodes and from the form of the linear systems that need to be solved. Here, we will show that the latter problem can be solved by careful use of operator splitting of the spatially coupled equations. By using this method, the linear systems can be broken into sub-problems that are of the classical type of linear, elliptic boundary value problems. Therefore, the vast collection of methods for solving linear, elliptic partial differential equations can be used. We demonstrate that this enables us to solve the systems using shared-memory parallel computers. The computing time scales perfectly with the number of physical cells. For a collection of 512 × 256 cells, we solved linear systems with about 2.5 × 10 8 unknows. Since the computational effort scales linearly with the number of physical cells, we believe that larger computers can be used to simulate millions of excitable cells and thus allow careful analysis of physiological systems of great importance.


Businesses face many changes in a world dominated by technology, global market forces, and continuous reorganization. Among the most significant of the changes are the new responsibilities sales forces are taking on. In their quest to adopt the marketing concept, organizations are converting their salespeople from order takers to knowledge workers. As salespeople struggle with these new roles, they are encountering a need to learn significantly greater amounts of information. Consequently, business leaders are now searching for new ways to improve sales training. One concept they should explore is the use of learning strategies to improve the effectiveness of sales training. The purpose of the study was to identify the learning strategies used by advertising salespeople in Montana, to investigate the relationship between learning strategies and demographic variables, and to explore patterns of learning of distinct groups that existed in the sample. The Self-Knowledge Inventory of Lifelong Learning Strategies (SKILLS) was used to measure learning strategies. The sample included 91 advertising salespeople. No significant differences were found in the use of learning strategies when the participants were grouped according to gender, age, education level, or years in media sales. Several multivariate analyses using discriminant analysis failed to produce any powerful functions. The multivariate technique of cluster analysis, however, did produce a solution with four clear and distinct clusters. Resourcers used a variety of resource strategies to meet their learning needs. Problem Solvers relied on being able to generate alternatives. Architects planned and organized. Believers possessed high levels of confidence in putting together a plan of learning. The two major conclusions from the study are that distinct groups of learners exist among salespeople and that learning strategies are not linked to demographic variables. These conclusions are consistent with other studies on learning strategies with other populations. Recommendations were made related to further research into the future use of learning strategy based training. LEARNING STRATEGIES OF ADVERTISING SALES PEOPLE IN MONTANA


As a grandparent, it is said, you have 'all the fun of having children but with none of the responsibilities of parenthood' and with the 'freedom to hand the grandchildren back when you have had enough of them'. These rather self-absorbed sayings may contain some truth, but to my mind they fail completely to capture the richness and signiŽcance of the experience of grandparenthood. As a grandmother of almost seven years' standing, I have discovered undiminishing delight in this role and have realized that unexpected and complex emotions and relationship issues arise from becoming, and from being, a grandparent. This paper is the result of a wish to bring a psychodynamic perspective to bear on my reections about what it means to me to be a grandparent. In common with most grandparents, I had no choice about whether or when I wanted to assume this role, and no training in advance. A realization that major change was involved and that my husband and I would be required to adapt to it emerged even before the Žrst grandchild's birth when our daughter asked us what we wanted to be called. Our suggestion that our Žrst names be used was greeted with an admonishing 'Don't be ridiculous!' We felt rather like irresponsible teenagers who had spoken ippantly about OPEN SPACE


Abstract: The P24 antigen test, HIV RNA PCR test,HIV isolation/culture and fourth-generation HIV uniform Ag/Ab assay are being utilized in diagnosing acute HIV infection in different labs. Many factors limit the use of screening for acute HIV in high-risk populations, in blood donors and during voluntary HIV testing, including, cost, technique, sensitivity and specificity. In this review we explore a new NAAT method which involves HIV RNA RT-PCR on pooled samples. This technique is able to screen for acute infections in a large testing volume and may he used as a screening method in high-risk populations and blood donors.


The interaction of ionizing photons with atoms or ions is a fundamental process in nature, with laboratory, atmospheric and astrophysical implications [...]


This communication presents a preliminary optical design for a test bench conceived within the European Space Agency's TRP project (Active Optics Correction Chain (AOCC) for large monolithic mirrors) with the goal of designing and developing an Active Optics system able to correct in space on telescopes apertures larger than 3 meters. The test bench design uses two deformable mirrors of 37.5 mm and 116 mm, the smallest mirror to generate aberrations and the largest one to correct them. The system is configured as a multifunctional test bench capable of verifying the performance of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor as well as of a Phase Diversity based wavefront sensor. A third optical path leads to a high-order Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor to monitor the entire system performance.


It has been well accepted by the software professionals as well as researchers that software systems have to evolve themselves to survive successfully. Software evolution is a crucial activity for software organizations. The objective of this paper is to identify critical challenges and giving a proposal against those in the area of software change management. The paper focuses on the existing issues of software change management. Software change impact analysis, software change propagation and regression testing are the key steps in change management process.