Based on the results of a quantum chemical study within the framework of the elec tron density functional theory by the B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) method, a theoretical mechanism for the
reaction of diformylhydrazine with p-aminophenol is proposed


This paper discusses the following topics on microwave processing of ceramics: Microwave-material interactions; anticipated advantage of microwave sintering; ceramic sintering; and ceramic joining. 24 refs., 4 figs. (LSP)


Percent reduction in LDL cholesterol following high-intensity statin therapy: potential implications for guidelines and the prescription of emerging lipid-lowering agents Current guidelines for statin therapy in Europe and Canada argue obtaining a fi xed LDL cholesterol target value or a reduction greater than 50% of it, while guidelines in the US advocate for a moderate (<50%) or high intensity (>50%) reduction. Instead, there is insuffi cient data to link these percentage decreases to the reduction of subsequent cardiac events, especially when it comes to high-intensity statin regimens. The study presented in this article represents a second analysis of the data from the JUPITER (Justifi cation for the Use of statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) study. In short, this study involved 17 802 asymptomatic subjects, women >60 years and men >50 who had LDL levels <130 mg/dl (with a median baseline of 108 mg/dl), PCR high-sensitive <2 mg / l and triglycerides <500 mg/dl. Exclusion criteria included a history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease or lipid-lowering treatment. By randomization, all participants received either 20 mg rosuvastatin daily or placebo and were followed for 5 years until the appearance of the the fi rst cardiovascular event (defi ned as myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, acute non-fatal MI, hospitalization for unstable angina, cardiovascular revascularization procedure, or death from cardiovascular causes). Using statistical methods the variability of LDL cholesterol levels was evaluated in response to a daily dose of 20 mg of rosuvastatin. The study also assessed the risk of a fi rst cardiovascular event for a greater than 50% reduction of LDL cholesterol. Among subjects assigned to rosuvastatin, 3,640 of them (46.3) had a >50% decrease, of the 3365 subjects (42.8%) had a reduction between 0-50% and for 851 of them (10 8%) no reduction or even an increase in LDL cholesterol from baseline was observed. These percentages relate directly to the risk of a fi rst cardiovascular event; upon completion of the study, rates within the primary end-point were 11.2, 9.2, 6.7 and 4.8 per 1000 person / year respectively in the placebo group, the group without any reduction in LDL cholesterol, the group with a reduction <50% and the group with a >50% decrease. In conclusion, the current data confi rms a wide variation in the percentage reduction of LDL cholesterol using high intensity statin therapy and a direct relationship between the magnitude of the reduction percentage and proven clinical benefi t. These data represent a general basis for introducing the concept of LDL cholesterol reduction percentage in current medical practice, with fi xed targets for LDL value. In addition, these data obtained by using statin therapy to achieve percentage reduction can be useful in the future in introduction of adjuvant therapy with PCSK9 inhibitors, if these agents prove to be effective in reducing cardiovascular events. Ridker et al. Percent reduction in LDL cholesterol following high-intensity statin therapy: potential implications for guidelines and the prescription of emerging lipid-lowering agents. European Heart Journal (2016)37, 1373-1379. (IM, RM)


: Background: In 2013, East Jakarta was the area in Jakarta province with the highest HIV cases. However, it is not followed by the awareness for having an HIV testing, especially pregnant women. Objective: to describe the experience of pregnant women in having an HIV test at a community health center (CHC). Methods: Descriptive narrative was used in this study. In-depth interviews about the women' experiences in having HIV test were conducted with 10 pregnant women at the CHC. Interviews were conducted on 2017 and recorded using a digital voice recorder. Data were analyzed using content analysis method and validated with health care provider (HCP) and observation. Results: Three themes emerged: obedient to the health care providers' recommendations, HIV testing as part of a pregnant woman's health test, lack of knowledge about HIV testing. All women agreed to have an HIV test, however they still had limited knowledge about HIV test and the right to have an HIV test. Conclusion: Pregnant women have an HIV test based on HCP's recommendation. Providing more information about test HIV and private room at the CHC and having more health education in the community is needed to increase pregnant women's understanding about HIV test.


The electronic structure of the epitaxial GaN, InN nanolayers, and the ultrathin Cs/GaN and Cs/InN interfaces was investigated under ultrahigh vacuum at various Cs coverages. The experiment was carried out using synchrotron‐based photoelectron spectroscopy. The photoemission spectra of the valence band and the In 4d, N 2s, Ga 3d, and Cs 4d semicore levels were studied as a function of Cs coverages. It was found that the Cs adsorption in the submonolayer coverage region causes substantial changes in the spectra due to charge transfer between the Cs adlayer and surface Ga or In atoms. The strong interaction of the dangling bonds of Ga or In with Cs adatoms effectively increases the Ga or In valency.


Perturbation theory is applied to one-dimensional scattering systems consisting of a general class of inhomogeneous and isotropic slabs having size $L$ described by the relative permittivity $\varepsilon(z) = 1 + \alpha \chi(z)$, where $\chi(z)$ is the electric susceptibility and $\alpha$ the perturbation parameter. The transmitted and reflected amplitudes are shown to be written as Born series in powers of $\alpha$ and Pad\'e approximants are used to obtain analytical results with a high and arbitrary degree of accuracy. The approach is very general and can handle oblique incidence. Examples are given for the transmission and reflection amplitudes of plane waves interacting with Hermitian and non-Hermitian structures with known and unknown exact solutions.


This research work, carried out during the 2017-2018 school year, had as a reference the
Latin American Technical College, an institution located in Tumbaco, the rural parish of
Quito. Given the circumstances and notoriety of the difficulties presented by the students
in the process of reading comprehension, it was posed which problem of research how to
contribute to the strengthening of the reading comprehension in the students of General
Basic Education Superior of the Latin American Technical School through the TIC?
Therefore, it was proposed as a general objective to design an educational web page to
strengthen the reading comprehension in General Basic Education, corresponding to the
eighth, ninth and tenth grades of basic education. An analysis was made of the theoretical
and methodological precepts for the treatment of reading comprehension and the use of
new technologies under current conceptions. A diagnosis was applied to determine the
difficulties in the reading comprehension process. The information was obtained by
applying techniques such as individual and group interviews, surveys, participant
observation, pedagogical tests and document analysis. Triangulation was also used as a
method to assess the research results and analyze data from different angles for its
interpretation. Finally, the components and foundations of the proposal were determined,
which combines elements and applications inherent to ICT in the pedagogical context.
The website was validated by specialists criteria, in addition to applying part of said
proposal. The pertinence of the teacher's guiding role and the willingness of the students
to complete the activities in support of the strengthening of reading comprehension was
evidenced.

Keywords: reading comprehension, teaching, education, new technologies, web.


Kimberly originally studied Animal Science and Chemistry at Texas A&M University. Later she became a vet at Edinburgh and after a period in equine referral and small animal practice now works as Clinical Development Manager and in-house vet for BCF Technology.


The large-discharge axial fan is the key equipment of stratospheric airship. Compared with the common fan, the large-discharge fan at high altitude works at the low-Reynolds-number conditions. Its performance plays an important role on the airship energy system and lift control system. Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, this paper studies the flow field characteristics of the large-discharge fan and the effect of the blade cross section airfoils firstly. Then the influence of key components, including the current collector, the diffuser, and the front guide vane, is researched deeply. Results show that the fan with high liftdrag ratio low-Reynolds-number airfoil, streamline current collector, cylindrical wind tube, streamline tail cone and suitable number of front guide vanes is the best choice for the largedischarge fan at high altitude.


Channel state information (CSI) is a key aspect of massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system. It depicts important properties of transmission channels such as scattering, fading, the attenuation of power with distance, etc. The quality and cost of CSI feedback between user equipment (UE) and base station (BS) play vital roles in the quality of the whole communication system. In this letter, a new deep learning (DL) method based on Google's famous Transformer architecture is presented for CSI feedback in frequency division duplex (FDD) massive MIMO system. Simulation results show that the presented inception network named TransNet outperforms other DL methods on the quality of CSI feedback.


On behalf of the Organizing Committee of ICMLSC-2020, we are delighted to welcome you to the 2nd International Conference on Machine Learning, Security and Cloud Computing. Not only does this conference set out to bring together some of leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Machine Learning, Security and Cloud Computing but also it sets the tone for further research. What this conference is intended to do is to provide a premier interdisciplinary platform for researchers, practitioners and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of Machine Learning, Security and Cloud Computing. The primary focus of ICMLSC-2020 is to blend both the theory and the applications Machine Learning, Security and cloud computing. This conference is bound to bring together the academia, researchers, developers and practitioners from scientific organizations and industry to share and disseminate recent research findings in the fields of Machine Learning, Security and cloud computing and its applications. ICMLSC-2020 is an outstanding platform to discuss the key findings, exchanging novel ideas, listening to the world-class leaders and sharing experiences with peer groups. List of EDITORS are available in this pdf.


This paper provides information on the split cylinder testing of laboratory-compacted specimens and cores taken from in-service pavements. Tension test data were obtained for mixtures containing different aggregates, asphalt contents, types of asphalt, and temperatures. Relations between energy and vertical and horizontal deformations were developed from the test data. It was observed that energy decreased at lower temperatures. The horizontal and vertical deformations as measured in the split cylinder test were found to be related to the viscosity of the asphalts as influenced by hardening and temperature. This could be significant because it may provide a method to evaluate the composite effects of asphalt-aggregate interaction for use in quality control of asphalt paving mixtures. Further information is provided on penetration-viscosity relations and the properties of the materials used in the investigation.


This paper brings together the evidence on two asset pricing anomalies - continuation of prior returns (momentum) and the market pricing of distressed firms. Our empirical analysis demonstrates both these effects are driven by market underreaction to bad news, and that momentum is largely subsumed by our distress risk factor. We also extend the extant literature on the market pricing of distress risk by considering this conditional on market state and GDP growth rate, and find little evidence that financial distress risk is a priced risk factor.


Dear Sir, I read with great interest the paper by Low in the May 1995 issue of the Journal. He draws attention to the case of patients with nasopharyngel carcinoma, developing post-irradiation middle ear effusions (MEE). He observed irradiation-induced MEE only in ears with pre-irradiation moderate to severe negative middle ear pressures. He therefore suggests that post-irradiation MEE occurs only in those cases where there has been a direct involvement of the Eustachian tube or its associated muscles by the tumour prior to radiotherapy. A combined effect of disease and treatment is thus suspected. However, irradiation-induced MEE does occur even in patients where the pathology involved has no influence on the patency of the Eustachian tube (Anteunis et ai, 1994). In patients with unilateral parotid gland tumours, post-irradiation hearing loss has been documented in a prospective survey and sensorineural hearing loss was also noted. I do agree with Low that, in the presence of middle ear pathology, bone conduction thresholds not only reflect the cochlear (dys-) function but also the effect of altered middle ear transmission on the inner ear in addition to the usual test-retest variabilities. However, I disagree with him when he tries to explain all or most shifts in sensorineural thresholds with these mechanisms. Changes may occur in middle ear, inner ear, auditory nerve and brainstem after conventional radiotherapy and substantial conductive as well as sensorineural hearing losses may result from it.


I am aware of the importance of religion. I have never believed it possible to make a science of religion. Thus, for me, the idea of theology is a contradiction in terms, a great paradox. I had read laudatory reviews of Mascall's "The Importance of Being Human" and so opened the book with high anticipation. His ideas are set forth in serious and somber absoluteness. The subjectivity of religion and belief and the serious limitations of words to express them are illustrated in this book. Much of it I fail to understand, though I recognize the profound sincerity and devoutness of its author. Though this book may be extremely important to scholars in religion, physicians who want an introduction to Christian morals and ethics will find it tough going. No doubt some would be rewarded and many improved by reading the book, and perhaps everyone would be helped by taking


Francis Watson's recent book Paul and the Hermeneutics of Faith (henceforth PHF) is a masterful piece of scholarship that materially advances our understanding of Paul as a reader of Scripture.1 Watson's study challenges some of my readings of Paul,2 and I shall therefore need to engage some points of difference between his readings and mine. First, however, I want to set my questions about Watson's work within the framework of the substantial agreement between us.


The frequency of this disease has permitted an adequate understanding of its physiopathology, complications and treatment, this is why today we know that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the "gold standard" for treating the gallstone disease as results in lower incidence of complications, less postoperative pain, shorter length of hospital stays, earlier return to normal activities and better cosmesis.


The specification discloses a curing oven (10) and a control system (120) therefor. The oven (10) includes a heat exchanger (70) which preheats process air from the work chamber (36) before thermal oxidation. A separate recirculating fan (78), mixing box (84), and set of motorized dampers (92, 94) are provided for each zone (40, 42) of the work chamber (36) for controlling mixture of hot and cold air and delivery thereof to the work chamber for better temperature control. The motorized dampers (92, 94) are preferably controlled by microprocessors (124) responsive to temperature sensors (126, 128) located in the work chamber (36). Discharge of the exhaust fan (76) is adjusted by a motorized damper (96) through a controller (136) responsive to a pressure sensor (138) inside the oven (10).


The Shannon entropy is used as a basis for applying different lemmas and conjectures concerning the set of gaps between prime numbers G_p , thus estimating several measures of it. The same procedures are applied to artificially created number sets, to compare the size of their entropy against G_p .


The Gallipoli campaign was an experience shared by a number of combatant nations. But Australia's memory of it has frequently claimed special status for Gallipoli the national legend. Completely different relationships exist now among those who fought in 1915, and representations of Gallipoli have emerged recently, in Australia1 as well as in other combatant nations, which themselves reflect tendencies not dominated by any one national state. What are the implications of this for particular disciplines? Or to rephrase that question from within one of them: 'How then should the geopolitical imaginary of the discipline of film studies be upgraded to a transnational perspective, broadly conceived as above the level of the national but below the level of the global?' (Ďurovičová ix). These levels of nationalism/transnationalism can work well with Gallipoli, given the limited number of participating nations, and with the subsequent memory of the campaign, which will never be global. Processing memory of the event has led to 'affinitive transnationalism ... a history of interaction giving rise to shared core values, common practices' (Hjort 17).


In this paper we consider the behavior and ruling regime of the fixed price housing in Asturias, takig into account a set of explanatory, or predictive, variables through the specification of a logit regression model. The results will allow us to evaluate, among other issues, the results of the Housing Plan 1998-2001.


We demonstrate that evolutions of three-dimensional, strongly non-linear gravitational waves can be followed in numerical relativity, hence allowing many interesting studies of both fundamental and observational consequences. We study the evolution of time-symmetric, axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric Brill waves, including waves so strong that they collapse to form black holes under their own self-gravity. An estimate for the critical amplitude for black hole formation in a particular interpolating family of initial data is obtained. The gravitational waves emitted in the black hole formation process are compared to those emitted in the head-on collision of two Misner black holes. PACS number~s!: 04.25.Dm, 04.30.Db, 95.30.Sf, 97.60.Lf


Abstract 2,2-Bis[4-"(4-fluorophenyl)buta-1,3-diynyl" phenyloxyphenyl] hexafluoropropane and co-polymer of 1,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)buta-1,3-diyne and hexafluorobisphenol-A were prepared for the use as photosensitive multilayered polymeric dielectric insulators. The prepared materials turned out to be stable at high temperatures as well as thermally or photochemically curable. It was found that the mechanical properties of cross-linked products by thermal or photochemical curing of the prepared diacetylenic materials were much more improved in comparison with those of cured poly(triethynylbenzene)(PTEB).


The measured variation of the phase error, and consequently chromatic dispersion, for an AWG increases when the channel-spacing decreases from 50 GHz to 25 GHz. Phase error compensation can be used to reduce chromatic dispersion.


Bullying is a behavior that disturbs students in schools both at the elementary and secondary levels. This behavior has many negative impacts and influences on learning outcomes and students' mental development. This study aims to determine the relationship between strategies for instilling religious character in preventing bullying or bullying behavior in elementary school students. This research method uses the method of literature review. The findings from this study are that the cultivation of religious character can prevent bullying in elementary schools by carrying out several strategies, namely exemplary, learning, empowering and acculturating, strengthening and assessing.


We saw a 47-year-old German female with a progressive disseminated hyperpigmentation that had commenced in childhood. Her mother, grandmother und maternal uncle were likewise affected. She had been diagnosed with basal cell carcinomas on the right shoulder and in the umbilical region in 2007 and 2013, respectively; and with actinic keratoses on her cheeks and beneath the left eye in 2016. Furthermore, she suffered from depression, fibromyalgia and colitis ulcerosa, the latter being treated with Vedolizumab since March 2017. A woman with hyperpigmented macules and papules Case for Diagnosis


The aim of this article is to present a literature review and an analysis of documents on educational advisors for the Black Community affairs in the state of Sao Paulo who worked with the State Department of Education in the 1980's. The research involved a review of documents, dissertations, and theses from the databases of Capes and public universities. The present research and analysis showed that the advisors' experience and their formative processes have not been thoroughly investigated. In addition, we observed that researchers from different fields of knowledge feel the need of such investigation, which shows the relevance of academic and social studies on the educational advisors for the Black Community affairs


We refine the conjecture of Coppersmith and Steinberger [2] on nonnegative integer linear combinations and prove the new conjecture for three classes of coset combinations, including a class for which the original conjecture was still open.


India has been recognized all over the world for spices and medicinal plants. The uses of spices in food preparation have been practised widely since ancient times. Spices and condiments act as digestive stimulant and have a role in enhancing the taste and flavor of food. Spices and condiments are also added to ready to eat and ready to reconstitute mixes such as idli mix and soup powder.


The C.R.A. Experimental Institute for Olive Growing has been performing for many years the study of olive germplasm in order to identify genetic resistance sources to the olive parasites. Some pathogens are particularly noxious for olive table production because they attack and disfigure the outward appearance of the fruits. Camarosporium dalmaticum (Thum) is a pathogen widespread in Southern Italy determining the olive fruit rot in many genotypes particularly susceptible to its infection. The object of the present study is an investigation carried out in Calabria in an experimental field, analysing 25 cvs cultivated under the same environmental and growing conditions. The observations were performed on olive fruit samples (200 per thesis) and the infection percentage was determined. The obtained data were submitted to statistical test by analysis of variance. The results displayed a different susceptibility of the investigated cultivars. "Ascolana tenera", "Nostrana di Brisighella", "Gordal sevillana" and "Ogliarola del Vulture" showed an high susceptibility to the pathogen while "Frantoio", "Tonda di Strongoli" and "Ogliarola garganica" turned to be less susceptible. The remaining cultivars showed intermediate values of infection percentage.


Impacts of a hazardous material release during transport depend on the characteristics of the cargo, incident location, incident time, weather conditions (i.e., wind direction and speed), and land use. The objectives of this research were to characterize the dispersion characteristics of two hazardous materials (ammonia and hydrogen fluoride) with the meteorological parameters, land use, and cargo characteristics. The magnitudes of the impact zones were compared in relation to atmospheric stability and exposure levels. Impact zones were estimated by Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) software and imported to ArcGIS. The threshold exposure levels were defined according to the level of concern (LOC) concentrations for each hazardous material. Analyses were conducted for a hazmat release of 2 tons and wind speed of 5 mph. For ammonia, the areas impacted by exposure levels over 1100 ppm were limited to a distance of less than 0.3 miles directly downwind from the original release location under unstable atmospheric conditions, which favor high vertical mixing and rapid dilution, and extended further downwind to distances between 0.5 and 0.7 miles under stable atmospheric conditions. In contrast, for hydrogen fluoride the impact zone extended between 0.6 and 0.9 miles directly downwind from the original release location under unstable conditions, and reached approximately 2.0 miles directly downwind from the incident location under stable atmospheric conditions. The multilevel analysis of impacts after hazardous material releases during transport (i.e., type of material, geographical data, dispersion profile, meteorological information) can be used for implementing appropriate response and mitigation measures for hazardous.


Large-scale simulations in HPC environments produce massive data sets in the order of several terabytes which pose challenges both to data storage and data analysis. A promising approach for reducing the amount of data written out during simulation runs is in-situ compression. However, even compressed data sets are typically still much too large for interactive visual data exploration. We propose an interlacing scheme applicable to in-situ compression in order to write out results of HPC simulations in a compressed multi-resolution format. This data format allows progressive loading of large scientific data sets in high-end immersive displays. Low-resolution views are easily extracted for visualizations on low-end displays such as hand-held devices and web browsers. Figure 1: Top: The voxel grid is subdivided into AMR blocks. Each block is processed with the in-situ compressor in the HPC environment and can be restored at multiple LOR. Bottom: E.g., for three LOR, AMR blocks can be restored at 83, 163 and 323 voxels (full resolution). Resolution of the data shown increases from left to right. Today's HPC maintain a steady increase in FLOPS while lacking improvements in I/O capabilities. Data movement from main memory to mass storage has become a bottleneck that forces scientists to subsample data or write data infrequently defeating the purpose of high-resolution simulations. In-situ approaches reduce the amount of data to be written out benefiting from data residing in main memory. In-situ compression supports the reconstruction of the full data set and analysis as post-processing step while reducing data size to ∼ 15-20% [LSE∗11]. We apply an interlacing scheme to two in-situ block-based compressors ISABELA (In-situ Sort-And-B-spline Errorbounded Lossy Abatement) [LSE∗11] and SBD1 (Set Based Decomposition) [IKK12] and show the resulting compression rate (CR, compressed/raw data size). We describe the integration into the ParaView/VTK toolkit and use it to generate views for different lowand high-end platforms, such as handheld devices, web browsers and immersive VR. Figure 1 shows the in-situ Adaptive Multi Resolution (AMR) compression approach: Each compute process subdivides its local simulation grid into distinct AMR blocks. Each AMR block can be restored at several levels of resolution (LOR). Subdivision of AMR blocks is accomplished by 3D interlacing similar to Adam7 used in 2D Portable Network Graphics shown Figure 2 right. Voxels inside AMR blocks are reordered, so that lower LOR voxels precede voxels of higher LOR. At the end reordered voxels are grouped in 83 compression blocks and fed into an in-situ block-based compressor. Data easily can be restored at multiple LOR by only decompressing a continuous subset of compression blocks (LOR 1=̂100%, 2=̂12.5%, 3=̂6.125% ...). Refinement doubles the number of voxels in each dimension, so the method c © The Eurographics Association 2014. DOI: 10.2312/ve.20141370 Figure 2: Refining LOR from 83 (black/white) voxels to 163 (black/white+colored) voxels. Black/white voxels and voxels of one color are stored in seperate compression blocks containig 83 voxels each. is comparable to spanning an octree. However, higher LOR completely contain lower LOR voxels, avoiding storage requirements for average values. Progressive loading can be accomplished by successively placing decompressed voxels in an already allocated grid. The impact of the additional interlacing step on the CR of ISABELA and SDB1 was tested with three different CFD data sets (melt, isot, comb). ISABELA relies on linearizing, sorting, B-spline fit and error correction. SDB1 relies on scalar quantization replacing the original data values with indices referring to a look-up table. ISABELA is run with a temporal compression extension (i.e. every third time step is a reference time step). SDB1 was extended to store one look-up table per AMR block and look-up indices inside compression blocks making it AMR capable. Both compressors are configured for a maximum point-wise relative error of 1%. The proposed scheme provides simple decompression of AMR blocks at multiple LOR, at the expense of lower CR due to reduced spatial coherence of voxels in compression blocks. Table 1 shows the CR with and without AMR. It can be seen, that the additional interlacing yields a moderate increase of CR by ∼ 0.5 . . .5.0%. Table 1: CR with [and without] AMR of block-based in-situ compressors ISABELA and SBD1 for double precision CFD data: (melt) 164 time steps Metal Melt Flow in Porous Media (116.76GB, 288× 288× 288); (isot) 1024 time steps Isotropic Turbulence [LPW∗08] (6GB, 64×64× 64); and (comb) 122 time steps Turbulent Combustion [YCS07] (147.44GB, 480× 704× 96) with various scalars (mix f ,vort,y_oh,chi,hr). Variable ISABELA SDB1 melt 15.4% [17.8%] 14.1% [18.5%] isot 16.6% [18.2%] 14.0% [18.0%]


Background Rice husk, an agricultural bioresource, is utilized as a non-metallic bio-precursor to synthesize biogenic hierarchical TiO2/SiO2 (BH-TiO2/SiO2) and the products are applied to dye degradation. Methodology/Principal Findings The as-prepared BH-TiO2/SiO2 samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), nitrogen-adsorption measurement, UV-vis spectroscopy and electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The results show that BH-TiO2/SiO2 possesses both anatase and rutile phases with amorphous SiO2 as background, which contains mesopore structure, and nitrogen derived from original rice husk is self-doped into the lattice. Besides, the light-harvesting within the visible-light range of BH-TiO2/SiO2 has been enhanced. Moreover, the catalytic activity of BH-TiO2/SiO2 has been proven by EPR, and both the photocatalytic activity and stability of BH-TiO2/SiO2 are improved as well, which has been illustrated by cycled degradation of methylene blue dye under irradiation. Conclusions/Significance This work provides a good way to combine natural hierarchical porous structure with synthetic material chemistry based on available biomass in the vast natural environment for the sustainable development of human society, and extends potentials of biomass in applications such as photocatalysts, sunlight splitting water and so forth.


The soundness of a bank as an intermediary institution is an important factor to measure bank's performance that can be useful for the stakeholders. Bank's performance can be measured using many indicators. One of the main indicators is bank's financial statement. From financial statement, financial ratios that are commonly used as rating system for banks can be calculated. One of motivations for examining data in ratio form is to exploit an observed empirical regularity between a financial ratio and the estimation or prediction of a variable of interest (for example, the risk of a security or the likelihood of a firm declaring bankruptcy). Financial distress model as an early warning signal needs to be improved to anticipate the conditions leading to bankruptcy.
The objective of this research is to examine factors that could predict financial distress condition of private national banks in Indonesia. The examined factors in this research are CAMELS ratios which consist of CAR, RR, CEA to EA, RLR, ROA, ROE, NIM, OR, FBIR, LDR, and ISR.
Samples of this research consist of 50 private national banks. There are 36 non-financial distressed banks and 14 financial distressed banks. Period of this research is 2005 – 2007. Statistic method used to test on the research hypothesis is regression logistic analysis.
The result shows that CAMELS ratios have classification power to predict financial distress banks with accuracy classification level 97.3%. RR, RLR, ROA, ROE, and ISR are significant at level 5%. Coefficient values show that RR, RLR, and ROA have negative influence to financial distress condition, whereas ROE and ISR have positive influence to financial distress condition. Ratio having the biggest contribution is ROA which is as a proxy of earnings aspect.


Efficient numerical solutions of gamma ray transport equations in geological media normally require an additional process that includes a scheme of diffusion for multiple coupled energy groups. To predict adequately the values of the experimental and theoretical parameters in a such scheme it is necessary a new look that takes into account the wide variation of nuclear parameters with gamma ray energies. Unfortunately, many of these parameters cannot be determined directly from the tabulated data. To overcome this problem it is introduced FORTRAN algorithms to include these groups coupling and can at the same time be applied to a wide variety of lithologies with 1 ≤ Zeff ≤ 20. To perform this approach, many FORTRAN subroutines and functions are developed to compute diffusion coefficient and total and scattering cross-sections for a large number of discrete energy groups. It is found that any intervals of energy below 5 MeV can be simply implemented and have successful applications on the computation of these parameters in addition to the elements of a transition matrix that couples energy groups. As a help an useful and simple scheme for group selection is also proposed, which has improved the accuracy of the FORTRAN algorithms.


The observational data on hydrometeorologic stations, satellite images of low and middle resolutions, ice aircraft survey data collected over a long-term period have allowed the author to develop model of ice dynamics on the Ladoga lake for the spring period. The variety and complexity of natural processes, insufficiency of the operating information received from hydrological ground network of stations and the irregular character of the satellite information hinder forecasting of the ice situation on large lakes. In such conditions it is convenient to use a computer simulation. The offered model is a first step of an iterative process of simulation, which includes modeling and assessment of its adequate to real conditions.


This paper deals with geometrically nonlinear buckling analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced (FG-CNTR) cylindrical panels. The FG-CNTR cylindrical panel is assumed to be rested on the Winkler–Pasternak elastic foundation and subjected to uniform pressure. In the FG-CNTR cylindrical panel model, uniform and three distributions of carbon nanotubes, which are graded in the thickness direction of the panel, are considered. Effective properties of materials of the panels reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes are estimated through a micromechanical model based on the extended rule of mixtures. Governing equilibrium equations of the FG-CNTRC cylindrical panel are obtained based on the classical shell theory and considering the von Karman geometrically nonlinearity and initial geometric imperfection. A closed form of the resulting stability equations is established via the Galekin procedure to obtain the buckling load–deflection relations in case of simply supported boundary condition. In the numerical results section, the exactness of formulation is validated by comparing the obtained results with those reported in the open database. Then, a comprehensive investigation into the influence of carbon nanotube volume fraction, carbon nanotube distribution rule, imperfection parameter, elastic foundation as well as the geometry parameters on the nonlinear buckling behaviors of the FG-CNTRC cylindrical panels is discussed in detail.


A thought experiment involving elementary physics shows that it is possible, in principle, to extract a large amount of energy from the eccentricity of the moon's orbit. Could it be done in practise? Probably not.


Abstract This activity provides opportunities for middle school students to design bio-inspired, eco-friendly vehicles. Twenty-four 8th grade students (12 girls, 12 boys) engaged in the activity which was implemented in four class periods, 40 minutes each, in an elective Environmental Education course. During the activity, students engaged in engineering design process and they integrated eco-friendly systems that can be used to solve the problem of air pollution. In this process, the students researched and observed living organisms and made their designs inspired by the body and movement systems of grasshoppers, ants, spiders and red Japanese beetles, and added eco-friendly elements (such as solar panels, exhaust filtering systems, hybrid batteries, electric motors) to their prototype vehicles. Working as "engineers", students had the opportunity to gain knowledge and engage in engineering design practices. The activity helped students explore science concepts such as biomimicry, air pollution, and structural features of different living organisms. This study suggests the use of biomimicry design activities in STEM classrooms.


Over the past century, women have encountered numerous legal barriers to their development, including entering into the world of business and consolidating their financial independence. This paper considers the lessons of the past and seeks to identify future trends. One constant theme throughout the years has been the frequent disconnect between laws empowering women and their weak implementation, or total lack thereof, a situation that is generally referred to in the literature as the divide between the de jure and the de facto. As we review some milestones, we will also reflect on country examples of notable progress; regrettably, these same countries today appear to present a legal environment which may be turning backward. The gains made in advanced economies (such as the United States) may be in jeopardy, while those in regions like Latin America seem to be moving down a more progressive path, toward greater equality through law reform and stronger alliances among an active civil society. One clear trend over the past century is that women and the law seem to have an unpredictable relationship, often subject to political winds and societal or cultural norms in a particular country or at a given time. We not only examine how the law treats women and the role played by the international development community, but also study how women have used the law once they are able to understand and exercise their rights. In the field of development, there is no question that most of the world's poor continues to be made up of women and their children. The international development community recognizes that unless the needs and capacity of women are addressed, be it through specific, targeted interventions or a broader "gender mainstreaming" across sectors (e.g., education, agriculture, private-sector development), poverty reduction cannot be sustained.1 Whether we look back to the Canadian women's suffrage campaigns of the early nineteenth century or to more recent actions for sustainable development in India, women's development has been notably uncoordinated and requires the involvement of various levels of engagement—global, national, state, and local. While seemingly working toward the common goal of confronting the challenges of entrenched patriarchal societies, these different levels have also highlighted diverse, if not conflicting, interests based on race, class, culture, religion, and sexual orientation.2 Further contributing to disparate agendas a century ago was the marked distinction between women living in the developed or industrialized world and those in the "third world" (as it was often referred to until the early 2000s), or even those still living under colonial rule. Women's empowerment, like other social causes such as the environment or indigenous rights, was a "back-seat issue"


Literary works reflects a series of happening of human life such their problems, struggles of life, conflicts of life, behaviors and attitudes of human being. They are represented to give an enjoyment and to broaden the reader's general knowledge. Novel is one of the literary works that is taken by the writer as the object of the study. The purpose of this study is to find out the answer of questions: (1) What are Sara Crewe's sufferings?, (2) What are the causes of Sara Crewe's sufferings? and (3) How does Sara Crewe solve her problems?. In this thesis, the writer used descriptive research design because she tried to analyze the novel descriptively by focusing on Sara Crewe's sufferings. The approach used was objective approach, because this study focused on the literary product without considering author's life, the background of the society and the background of the work. The object of this study was "A Little Princess" novel which was written by Frances Hodgson Burnett. Moreover, the research data were derived from paragraphs, dialogues and events in the story which had relation to the Sara Crewe's sufferings. The result of this study shows that there were six Sara Crewe's moral sufferings. Those moral sufferings include: (1) sadness of her father's death, (2) feeling lonely, (3) being neglected, (4) being hated by Miss Minchin, (5) being scorned by everyone and (6) being hopeless. In addition, it was found out that there were three Sara Crewe's physical sufferings. Those physical sufferings include: (1) Sara was kept in the Attic, (2) the hunger and coldness was faced by Sara Crewe and (3) the clothes were wore by Sara Crewe. Then, Sara Crewe's suffering was caused by her father's tragic death, leaving no money for her. Next, the way Sara Crewe solved her sufferings was by being an errand girl and servant and becoming a beggar.


Purpose: To evaluate the postoperative changes of stereopsis after surgical correction of adult strabismus. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated strabismus patients older than 16 years at the time of operation at our hospital between April of 1999 and December of 2006. We retrospectively examined the medical records of 53 exotropia and 11 esotropia patients. We divided the pre-operative stereopsis into three groups:above 3000 arc of sec, between 3,000 to 100 arc of sec, and below 100 arc of sec. We analyzed the correlation between the post-operative status of stereopsis and the pre-op type of strabismus, the onset and duration of strabismus, and the presence or absence of amblyopia. Results: In patients who had pre-op stereopsis above 3,000 arc of sec, 31.6% showed improvement, whereas 77.8% of patients who had pre-operative stereopsis between 3,000~100 showed improvement; this value was 89.5% for patients with pre-operative stereopsis below 3000. 94.5% of patients in the intermittent exotropia group who had a good pre-operative stereopsis condition showed postoperative improvement and maintenance. For those patients with poor stereopsis at pre-operative, 32.2% of patients with exotropia and 18.1% of patients with esotropia showed improvement. Stereopsis decreased when consecutive esotropia occurred. Conclusions: This study showed deterioration of stereopsis in patients with consecutive esotropia. Post-operative stereopsis was correlated with the pre-operative stereopsis status and with the type of strabismus. No other factors that we examined were correlated with stereopsis. Post-operative stereopsis in exotropiaand intermittent exotropia were better than esotropia and constant exotropia. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2008;49(11):1807-1811


Colonial policy was designed to encourage the settlement of remote and marginal areas as a means of generating additional land revenue throughout the subcontinent. The 1793 Permanent Settlement Act, which vested control of land and water rights in a class of Zamindars (landlords), lay at the centre of the strategy, but rather than ushering in the more productive capitalist agriculture that had been intended, this was to lead instead to the creation of a highly exploitative form of feudalism with multiple layers of sub-tenants. Further important developments included the 1882 Transfer of Property Act, which laid the foundations for present land registration procedures; the Cadastral Survey (1888-1940), which created the first universal record of land rights; and the Registration Act (1908) that established land registers and introduced related fees.


There are many ways in which contributions to scientific progress are made. Scientists who are primarily teachers, administrators, or technicians play crucial roles in scientific development. Others, including librarians, documentalists, and editors, who are involved in the communication process also play important roles and are essential to continuing scientific progress. This paper focuses on the contributions that scientists make in the form of published work. Other contributions are not discussed.


The increasing use of pressure sensors has spurred the pursuit of highly sensitive sensor development. This paper proposes an inductive flexible pressure sensor that employs a hollow-shell flexible PDMS sponge skeleton. Three groups of hollow-shell flexible sponge shells with varying wall thicknesses were tested. The results demonstrate that thicker walls do not promote sensor sensitivity. Among the tested sensors with wall thicknesses of 4 mm, 5 mm, and 6 mm, the sensor with a 4 mm wall thickness exhibited the highest sensitivity of approximately 42.6 Mpa-1 in the high pressure range of 30–100 kPa. Additionally, this sensor achieved a minimum detectable pressure of 25 Pa. Its response time was rapid, with a loading time of approximately 233 ms and an unloading time of about 117 ms. Notably, the inductive pulse output from the sensor exhibited consistent amplitude and peak patterns over 1000 applied pressure cycles, demonstrating superior immunity to interference compared to a capacitive sensor of the same size under identical conditions. Subsequent application tests revealed the accurate sensing capability of the inductive flexible pressure sensor for pulse beats, thus further confirming its feasibility for practical applications.


Law Peace efforts in court as a form of implementing a peaceful institution in the court process can be carried out through the Supreme Court Circular No. 1 of 2002 so that all panel of judges who try the case seriously seek peace by applying the provisions of Article 130 HIR / 154 R.Bg, not only for the formality to propose peace, the appointed judge acts as a facilitator who helps the parties in terms of time, place and gathering data and argumentation of the parties in the framework of preparation towards peace. Peace is then consulted with the parties to obtain a win-win solution. The success of the settlement of the case through peace can be used as a material assessment (reward) for judges who become facilitators or mediators. The application of the Peace Institution in the civil litigation process in the court must be further developed, to provide satisfaction for the community seeking justice and in order to limit the case of cassation. First-rate Court Judges in their role as mediators in peaceful institutions, must try to bring and invite the parties to the dispute to discuss together the resolution of disputes and invite them to deliberate, seek and find solutions to solutions that are good and acceptable to the parties.


Extracted from the 31st IGC abstracts volume (CD) and pertinent Chinese publications, we present the review on the recent research progresses of meteorite impact structures in China and abroad It falls into 4 topics: (1)Discovery of new impact craters Besides the acknowledged 145 impact craters published by B F French (1998), more craters have been reported in recent years In Brazil, 7 impact craters were definitely confirmed from 14 presumed ones; among the 20 odd ring structures discovered in Mongolia, 11 were verified as impact craters; in addition, 8 claimed impact structures in China reported since 1970's were summarized and reviewed here (2)Impact structures and the evolution of the Earth Concerning the origin of the Earth; the effects of impacts on the formation of the Earth; the impact period; the relationship between impacts and the Earth's magnetism, axis and plate tectonics etc (3)New methods and progresses in the study of impact structure Including deep well drilling in the central uplift of a complex impact structure;3 D simulation of the seismic velocity across a submarine mega crater; advanced physicochemical experimentation on the differentiation and alteration of impact melts; interaction between impacts and deep fluid; measurement of impact pressure; recent achievements on shock metamorphism; impact mathematical modeling and the applications (4)Relationship between impact structures and economic resources Discussing the origin, distribution and control of economic resources which include diamond, precious stone, fossil fuel, and various deposits yielding Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Co, Se, Te, Pb, Zn, PGE, REE, U, Th etc


Marine simulation systems have been introduced in maritime education and training to foster the qualified and competent personnel for working in the maritime industry both afloat and ashore. However, there are many problems with most marine simulation systems today: the long development cycle, the high expenditure, the limited accessibility, the difficult maintenance, and the absence of customization etc. Web-based maritime training environment tries to solve these problems, and still allow very realistic and high-interactive marine simulations, delivered and edited via the Web. This paper presents modeling and system design for a Web-based maritime training environment to facilitate online simulation training from anywhere, anytime.


Electromagnetic waves in the communication process if an obstacle,it will generate reflection and refraction phenomena,and to comply with the law of reflection and refraction.In this study,a metal plate as a reflector,reflects the use of water,ethanol,glycerol as a body to verify the phenomenon of electromagnetic waves in the reflection and refraction phenomena.At the same time,measured the refractive index of glycerol solution.


We have carried out a series of calculations to investigate the electronic band structure of bulk HgTe strained along c-direction with the constant-volume by means of the full potential linearized augmented plane-wave method. Our results show that there is a topological insulating phase induced by the lattice distortions, which is in agreement with previous theoretical and experimental results. Importantly, the distortion-induced band gap is large up to 0.19 eV in either expansion or compression along c-direction. It is indicated that the bulk HgTe under proper lattice distortions would be possibly made the room temperature application for material engineering with low energy consumption.


Speed of vehicles in each road segment is significant information for a traffic management system, especially for the navigation systems. However, usual traffic information may include an outlier, such as a GPS error and an erroneous record, which frequently causes the unreliability of speed. This paper suggests the effective elimination method of outlier for generating the reliable speed information in path location algorithm. Most existing methods eliminate an outlier considering the distribution of speed data within a single time slot. However, such methods may have the problem that the speed in a specific slot is isolated or significantly different from those in adjacent slots since they do not consider the continuity of time. Our method is designed to eliminate an outlier by considering the speed information of adjacent time slots, and to apply the smoothing operation to the speed information in neighboring slots. Experiment shows that the proposed method achieved the considerable effectiveness in generating the speed information


This trip will visit recently described exposures of the allochthonous Ordovician Normanskill Group juxtaposed against autochthonous Quassaic and Martinsburg sedimentary rocks. Exposures in the Kingston and Esopus Townships demonstrate through stratigraphic position, sedimentary structures and fossils, the collapse of a foredeep basin and subsequent down warping of a foreland basin during the latest stages of the Taconic Orogeny. The trip includes several stops at outcroppings of the allochthon strata, Taconic Unconformity and the later arenites of the Quassaic, which contain an unusual molasse facies.


The invention concerns an aminoquinoline-antibiotic hybrid compound of general formula (I): Q-(Y1)p-(U)p'-(Y2)p''-A; wherein Q represents an aminoquinoline, (Y1)p-(U)p'-(Y2)p'' is an optional spacer and A is an antibiotic residue. The invention enables the antibiotic residue activity to be unexpectedly enhanced.


The function y(r) = exp {βu(r)}g(r) is calculated for hard spheres in the region r < σ using umbrella-sampling Monte Carlo techniques. The resulting values are found to be well represented over the entire range 0 < r < σ by a simple function proposed by Grundke and Henderson.


Background. A dominant feature of anxiety disorders is familial aggregation. However, the underlying mechanisms of betweenand within-generational anxiety resemblance remain poorly understood. By disentangling the genetic v. environmental sources of familial resemblance in anxiety, we can help prevent within-family transmission of anxiety disorders. Therefore, data from both parents and twins are needed to obtain unbiased and detailed estimations of genetic and environmental sources of similarity between family members. Methods. We examined data from 991 families with same-sex twins. Trait anxiety in twins was assessed via self-report and parent report, while parental trait anxiety was assessed via self-report. We established a nuclear twin family model and estimated genetic and environmental variances using two survey waves. Results. The results suggested that additive genetic (A), dominant genetic (D), and nonshared environmental (E) influences significantly contributed to trait anxiety, whereas familial environmental influences (F) and passive gene–environment correlations (rGE) did not. Sibling environmental influences (S) were only found in self-report data, and increased when genetic influences decreased from Wave 1 to Wave 2. Conclusions. Our study highlights the important role of broad heritability in intrafamilial trait anxiety similarity. Parent–child resemblance occurred primarily due to shared genetic makeup rather than direct environmental transmission. Sibling-specific environments, as the only source of shared environments, need further investigation. These findings have both theoretical and practical significance for anxiety disorders. Future research can expand our understanding by examining the gene–environment interplay and sex differences. Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders that persist for life (Kessler, Berglund, Demler, Jin, & Walters, 2005) and are often characterized by extreme functional impairment (Balazs et al., 2013). A dominant feature of such disorders is a familial aggregation (Hettema, Neale, & Kendler, 2001), reflecting strong evidence of an association between parents and children (Lawrence, Murayama, & Creswell, 2018; Sydsjo, Agnafors, Bladh, & Josefsson, 2018) as well as between siblings (Daniel, Rodrigues, & Jenkins, 2019; Olino, Lewinsohn, & Klein, 2006). The resemblance between parents and children could be explained by two mechanisms: one is genetic (i.e. anxious children inherit genes from their parents), while the other is environmental (i.e. children are raised in anxious family environments created by anxious parents). Likewise, the resemblance between siblings could be explained by these two mechanisms. Siblings in the same family may share some anxious genes inherited from the same pair of parents (a genetic mechanism) and may also be exposed to similar anxious environments (an environmental mechanism). By disentangling the genetic v. environmental sources of familial resemblance in anxiety, we may be able to help prevent within-family transmission of anxiety disorders and/or subclinical anxiety symptoms. However, studies adopting a regular family design were not able to do this, as genetic and environmental factors are intertwined with each other in such samples. Thus, genetically informed designs, such as twin studies, are needed. Most research using a genetically informed design to examine genetic and environmental influences adopted the classical twin (CT) design, and there is a stream of such literature on trait anxiety. Trait anxiety can be defined as an individual's predisposition to perceive stressful situations as threatening and is often seen as a predictor of anxiety disorders (Gidron, 2013). Generally, CT studies have revealed both genetic and environmental factors that contribute to trait anxiety (Chen, Yu, Li, & Zhang, 2015; Eley & Stevenson, 1999; Garcia et al., 2013; Lau, Eley, & Stevenson, 2006; Legrand, Mcgue, & Iacono, 1999). However, the estimates of the proportions of variance attributed to genetic and environmental influences vary widely across these studies, with estimates of additive genetic influences (A) ranging from 15% (Eley & Stevenson, 1999) to 63% (Chen et al., 2015), common environmental influences (C ) ranging from 0% (Legrand et al., 1999) to 35% (Eley & Stevenson, 1999), and non-shared environmental influences (E) ranging from 24% (Chen et al., 2015) to 62% (Eley & Stevenson, 1999). Although fruitful, the conclusions drawn from these CT studies have been usually rough and indirect due to a lack of parent anxiety data. As such, information is missing for a comprehensive understanding of the familial resemblance of anxiety. For example, for parent–offspring transmission, CT studies have revealed a mild role of C, accounting for the underlying environmental mechanisms, i.e. where parents create anxious environments for their children (Chen et al., 2015; Garcia et al., 2013; Lau et al., 2006). However, the C component contains all environmental factors shared by the two twins, including those inside the family (e.g. parents' rearing environments) and outside (e.g. school and class). Hence, this information is not sufficient to conclude that parents transmit their anxiety via family environments. Moreover, CT studies have often failed to control for the confounding effect of gene–environment correlations (rGE), which refers to the associations between the child's genes and the rearing environment provided by their parents. Thus, even if the effect of the familial environment is valid, we would not be able to rule out the possibility that the environmental factors are the result of genes. In terms of within-generational resemblance, the knowledge gained through CT studies has been limited and biased. As children grow up, their need for independence and autonomy becomes gradually stronger (Steinberg, 2019), and siblings become more exposed to shared environmental factors that parents are not involved in, such as school, classes, and peers (Daniel et al., 2019). These environmental factors contribute to similarities between siblings but do not exist in the family. Unfortunately, CT studies are not able to discriminate between these two components of C (familial v. sibling specific); however, this remains crucial for identifying the potential environmental risk factors of anxiety. Moreover, genetic factors accounting for within-generational resemblance are not identical to those accounting for the parent–offspring resemblance. Genetic influences observed in CT studies have been mostly A, while the dominant genetic influences (D) have been largely ignored in these studies. Dominant genetic influences reflect non-additive interactions between two alleles at a single genetic locus. These increase similarities between siblings but do not increase parent–offspring similarity, since each parent provides only one of the two alleles to each child. Dominant genetic influences have been overlooked in previous CT studies because the CT model has been unable to estimate D and C simultaneously. However, notably, the effects of D and C do not contradict each other and can thus co-exist. Hence, both D and C need to be considered simultaneously (Polderman et al., 2015). The phenomenon of assortative mating adds complexity to the familial resemblance of anxiety. Assortative mating refers to the tendency of people to choose mates who are more similar to themselves in phenotype traits than would be expected by chance (Luo, 2017). This contributes to the familial resemblance of anxiety by increasing similarity between spouses (Maes et al., 1998). Moreover, assortative mating leads to an increased similarity between dizygotic (DZ) twins, which, in turn, exaggerates the estimation of shared environments and underestimates the influence of genes. Generally, CT studies have not been sophisticated enough to disentangle genetic and environmental effects on familial resemblance in anxiety. Thus, in this study, we adopted a nuclear twin family (NTF) model (Keller, Medland, Duncan, Hatemi, & Eaves, 2009) with data from both twins and parents to solve the abovementioned problems. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to investigate the genetic and environmental sources of familial resemblance in trait anxiety by using data from both twins and their parents. By gathering four sources of information (i.e. the covariance between monozygotic [MZ] twins, dizygotic [DZ] twins, parents, and between parents and children), our design can estimate more parameters of interest than the traditional CT model (Keller, Medland, & Duncan, 2010). In addition to A and E, which have been regularly estimated in CT studies, NTF studies can estimate D together with other parameters, and further, decompose C into familial environmental factors shared by all family members (F) and sibling environmental factors shared by the twins (S ). As A is a candidate genetic factor and F is a candidate environmental factor for explaining the between-generational resemblance in anxiety, a significant effect of A will suggest genetic influence, whereas a significant effect of F will suggest environmental influence, on the between-generational transmission of anxiety. Similarly, as A and D are candidate genetic factors, and S and F are candidate environmental factors for explaining the within-generational resemblance in anxiety, significant effects of the former will suggest genetic influence, whereas significant effects of the latter will suggest environmental influence, on the within-generational transmission of anxiety. In addition, we controlled for assortative mating and passive rGE for more reliable results.


A mathematical model to describe the heat transfer and fluid flow in the mutually coupled weld pool and arc by an interactive free surface of the pool for a stationary gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is developed. The two sets of governing equations and auxiliary formulas, controlling the weld pool and plasma arc systems respectively, were solved by a finite difference method. A boundary-fitted coordinate system was adopted because the free surface has a curved and unknown shape during welding. The results of this work provide a fundamental basis for predicting the behavior of an integrated weld pool and arc system from first principles.


A new paramagnetic center was produced by 550-kV electrons in hexagonal boron nitride. It is shown that this center is a three-boron center and consists of an electron trapped in a nitrogen-ion vacancy (F center). The hyperfine interaction was found to be anisotropic with A/sub perpendicular/ = 40.0 +- 0.5 G and A/sub parallel/ = 45.3 +- 0.5 G for the interaction with $sup 11$B nuclei. The g factor was found to be g = 2.0020 +- 0.0008. The thermal stability of this center was investigated.


This paper offers a reflection on the practical and theoretical issues involved in the development of an in-house journal that publishes work in the area of the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL).  While proceeding from the experience of running one such journal in the context of a research-intensive institution, the paper aims to offer a broader view on the impacts, both positive and otherwise, which such institutionally focused publications might make on the field of SoTL as a whole.


The freeze–thaw cycle of rocks is a research hotspot in the field of geotechnical engineering, and it significantly affects the eastern part of the Zhejiang Province in China. In this study, we test 40 occurrences of freeze–thaw cycles on tuff from the Ningbo area and investigate the variation of the physical and mechanical properties. The results show that only a small amount of debris falls off the saturated tuff samples during the freeze–thaw cycle. The overall quality of the rock sample gradually decreases with the increase in the number of freeze–thaw cycles. However, the average loss rate of the quality is extremely low, accounting for only 0.07% of the rock sample quality. The wave velocity of the rock sample gradually decreases, and the extent of reduction decreases when the number of cycles increases. In the uniaxial compression test, a failure surface appears for the rock samples with low freeze-thaw cycles. The complete failure surface of the samples gradually disappears. Moreover, the compressive strength of the samples progressively decreases with the increase of the number of freeze–thaw cycles.


Direct Torque Control(DTC)is developed by ABB,and is widely applied in different fields.In DTC,all changes of switch are based directly on the electromagnetic state of motor,and the optimum switching is within every control cycle of 25 microseconds.DTC is applicable to all kinds of AC systems,which means that it provides a general platform for different applications.


Academic staff recruitment and retention remain a challenge in South Africa and across the globe, with specific reference to the retention of young academic staff. The majority of academic staff in South African universities is ageing, with fewer younger people joining academia. The objectives of this study were to empirically determine whether job embeddedness and organisational commitment significantly predict voluntary turnover 9intention to stay) and whether people from different gender, race and age groups differ significantly in terms of their job embeddedness, organisational commitment and voluntary turnover (intention to stay). The Job Embeddedness Scale (JES), Organisational Commitment Scale (OCS) and Voluntary Turnover Scale (VTS) were used as measuring instruments. A cross-sectional quantitative survey design was used to collect data from a sample of (N = 102) permanently employed academic staff. Multiple regression analysis showed that organisation fit, community links and normative commitment significantly and positively predicted the participants' intention to stay at the institution. Significant differences were observed between the job embeddedness and intention to stay of the gender and race groups. The findings of the current study add to the knowledge base on the turnover intentions of academic staff. In conclusion, the study makes recommendations for retention practices and possible future research.


The author discusses the early history of computational electromagnetics from the late 1940s. In particular Illiac and Ordvac are discussed.


Presbyopia, or age-related farsightedness, is the most common eye disease. It is a hindrance to the day- to-day activities of more than 1.8 billion people around the globe. Presbyopia is caused by a decrease in the concentration of alpha-crystallin and the accumulation of oxidative stress in the lens. This oxidative stress results in the hardening of the lens of the eye, resulting in difficulty focusing on objects nearby. The daily intake of antioxidants—specifically, bioflavonoids—prevents the hardening of the lens. However, humans do not produce flavonoids naturally. Quercetin, a type of bioflavonoid, is recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Quercetin produced by Bifidobacterium in the gut may be able to travel from the gut to the eye, forming an in situ flavonoid production and delivery system, inhibiting the accumulation of oxidative stress and preventing lens hardening. This project explores a permanent, cost-effective, nonsurgical treatment for presbyopia by genetically engineering Bifidobacterium, a probiotic ubiquitous in the human gastrointestinal tract, using the start-stop assembly method to construct a plasmid designed to generate quercetin. We studied the best growth conditions needed for bacterial plasmid propagation of quercetin and compared the efficiency of DNA transformation between Bifidobacterium and Staphylococcus epidermidis, a gram-positive aerobic probiotic that could be an alternative option for flavonoid production. Here, we report on the first step of construction and propose a workflow to help other researchers avoid possible obstacles in the genetic engineering process.


Two Florida doctors have agreed to settle allegations that they accepted kickbacks disguised as salaries for their wives in return for referrals to a home healthcare company

Alan Buhler and Craig Prokos, physicians, and their wives Lynn Buhler and Cynthia Prokos, are the sixth and seventh couples to settle accusations of violating the False Claims Act in cases brought against the company A Plus Home Health Care. The Buhlers will pay $1.05m (£0.7m; €0.95m) and the Prokos couple $90 000. In addition to the salaries paid to the two physicians' wives, who allegedly performed few of the duties for which they were supposedly being paid, Alan Buhler also accepted and tried to conceal payments made to him as a medical director, the government …


The classification of Satellite image is an imperative system utilized to retrieve information in remote sensing. Primary data of extraordinary significance to several difficulties can be acquired straightforwardly from Land-cover observing. As it is required to discuss about the issue of supervised Land-cover classification of multispectral satellite images in the perspective of cluster ensemble and self learning. Different information partitions inferred by several clustering methods which are gathered into a better solution by cluster ensembles. supervised iterative Expectation-Maximization (EM) method can be initialized by cluster ensemble based strategy which will be examined in the paper. This will deliver better approximation of cluster parameters. Here definition of Land-cover classes is vital. Another method for producing suitable labeling model for each and every clustering of the consensus is introduced for cluster ensembles. The upgraded parameter set acquired from the EM step is trained by maximum likely-hood classifier to classify the rest of the pixels. The effect of data overlapping from several clusters can be reduced by the self learning classifier. Comparison is made on the performance of the clustering between the proposed method and individual clustering of the ensemble for medium resolution and a very high spatial resolution images.


The risk posed by a potential terrorist nuclear event is determined by a combination of threat, vulnerability, and consequences, all of which are subject to uncertainties. Effects of nuclear weapon described in standard references give detailed outcomes for specific thresholds and targets, and provide insight into the consequences of such events. Numerous studies have analyzed particular scenarios and contributed estimates useful for understanding the scope of the problem.

This article considers the risk of a low yield—1 to 20 kt nuclear explosion scenario in an urban setting. It considers the nature of the threat, the vulnerability of our urban circumstance, and the likely consequences of the spectrum of nuclear effects. It also discusses the uncertainties in such estimates, especially for low yield devices, and makes recommendation for their reduction. Reduction of uncertainties is seen as a component of a risk management response to reduce the probability of a successful attack in the foreseeable future, and to reduce the consequences of a potential event.

Keywords:

nuclear;
detonation;
effects;
fission;
fusion;
air blast;
ground shock;
fire;
EMP;
fallout;
overpressure


Accepted author manuscript version reprinted, by permission, from Journal of Sport Management, 2018, 32 (2): pp77-pp81, https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2018-0054. © Human Kinetics, Inc.


Huang, Yan. Ph.D., Purdue University, December, 2004. Nonlinear Multiscale Methods for Estimation, Approximation, and Representation of Signals and Images. Major Professor: Ilya Pollak. We cover two topics in the broad area of nonlinear multiscale methods. In the first topic, we develop computationally efficient procedures for solving certain restoration problems in 1-D, including the discrete versions of the total variation regularized problem and the constrained total variation minimization problem. They are based on a simple nonlinear diffusion equation and related to the Perona-Malik equation. A probabilistic interpretation for this diffusion equation in 1-D is provided by showing that it produces optimal solutions to a sequence of estimation problems. We extend our methods to 2-D where they no longer have similar optimality properties; however, we experimentally demonstrate their effectiveness for image restoration. In the second topic we introduce a new framework of multitree dictionaries and propose new algorithms for efficiently finding the best representation in a multitree dictionary. We apply our framework to develop novel dynamic programming algorithms for finding the best basis in a dictionary of arbitrary lapped bases in 1-D. We illustrate this using a non-dyadic local cosine dictionary, and show that the resulting representations are more compact and are characterized by lower costs and approximate shift-invariance. We also provide an algorithm which is strictly shift-invariant and several accelerated versions of the basic algorithm which explore various tradeoffs between computational efficiency and adaptability. A novel dictionary which constructs the best local cosine representation in the frequency domain is proposed and shown to be better suited for representing certain types of signals. We apply our framework in 2-D to develop novel tree-pruning algorithms for finding the best basis


Establishment of a 3D human model is the basic of the ergonomic design in computer.This paper presents a method to make the 3D human model which is according with the measure data of Chinese under CATIA,and uses this 3D human model to research the applying ergonomics in the digital design of the vehicle inner,such as the vision design,the maneuverability,and the space design.


The total absorptance of ozone (O3) 9.6 micron band has been measured at the room temperature. The amount of ozone is from 0.0188 to 0.5 atm-cm and the range of pressure is from 17 to 760 mmHg. In the experiment the cross-shaped absorption cell containing ozone is used; the ultra-violet absorption is recorded through one arm of the absorption cell to determine the amount of ozone and the infrared spectrum is recorded through the other arm to determine the total absorptance of ozone in the cell. Fig.1 shows the measured value. The experimental data have been analysed and proceed according to the theory of the absorption spectrum model. The result of the experiment shows that the experimental data are consistent with the statistical model.


The fine splitting of the Coulomb energy levels in the ..cap omega..-hyperon atom is discussed. A formula expressing this splitting in terms of the magnetic and quadrupole moments of the ..cap omega../sup -/ hyperon is found.


A regional poverty profile can be deceptive if it does not treat people with the same standard of living in different regions the same way. This is particularly important if the profile is being used to guide regional priorities in formulating antipoverty policies. A new regional poverty profile for Indonesia in 1990 is constructed which tries to assure that the poverty lines used for different regions reflect the same purchasing power over basic consumption needs. A wide range of poverty measures is presented. We also examine some proximate determinants of the regional poverty profile and the regional variation in inequality.


We study the deformations of the minimally elliptic surface sin- gularity N16. A standard argument reduces the study of the deformations of N16 to the study of the moduli space of pairs (C, L) consisting of a plane quintic curve and a line. We construct this moduli space in two ways: via the periods of K3 surfaces and by using geometric invariant theory (GIT). The GIT construction depends on the choice of the linearization. In particular, for one choice of linearization we recover the space constructed via K3 surfaces and for another we obtain the full deformation space of N16. The two spaces are related by a series of explicit flips. In conclusion, by using the flexibil- ity given by GIT and the standard tools of Hodge theory, we obtain a good understanding of the deformations of N16.


Abstract Distance Learning (DL) has been shown to be adequate to the current field of Training, Development and Education (TD&E), which constantly undergoes transformations resulting from technological innovations. Students' characteristics is one of the factors responsible for abandoning DL programs. This study aimed to relate the possibility of evasion of a DL course and the variables belonging to the student's characteristics (Learning Strategies and Styles). A total of 135 students enrolled in a distance learning degree responded virtually to the instruments of Learning Strategies and Styles. The results showed that most participants who would not abandon the course used the Behavioral and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies and presented the Learning Style related to the Study Environment. The data obtained contribute to future planning of TD&E programs, which should consider the clientele's characteristics.


An investigation was performed to study the effect of uncertainty in applied loads, helix angles, and failure stresses on the probability of failure of composite cylinders. Also, the effect of the factor of safety on the probability of failure of the cylinder was studied. The probability of failure for a composite cylinder subject to axisymmetric loading was obtained using the First Order Reliability method (FORM). The failure of the cylinder was studied based on first ply failure. Ply failure was predicted using the non-smooth Hashin criterion. Hashin criterion is based on writing a different interaction equation for separate failure modes. Four failure modes are considered associated with matrix or fiber failure, in either tension or compression. The accuracy of FORM as applied to this problem was verified by comparing the FORM results to those obtained by Monte-Carlo Simulation method with importance sampling. i x µ = mean values of the design parameters i x


The provision of efficient and economic instruction in the fundamental processes of arithmetic has long given serious concern to students of education. In spite of diligent efforts on the part of teachers and administrators, a large number of pupils, year after year, pass through the elementary school, the high school, and even the college with little skill in the manipulation of numbers. The large number of failures resulting from arithmetic deficiency is not only a serious item of expense to the schools and the pupils, but the prospective employer and the general public adopt a very critical attitude, at times, concerning these unsatisfactory results. Suggested solutions for the difficulties are constantly being offered. Some of the reasons commonly given for the failures are poor methods of instruction, the abstract manner of presenting the number combinations, the presentation of the combinations before there is understanding of arithmetic situations, teaching arithmetic before there is a readiness on the part of the pupil, and deadening repetition without proper motivation or adequate variety of instruction. Beyond question, much failure in arithmetic may be attributed to irregular attendance, to frequent transfer from school to school, or, at times, to double promotions. Such comments as these, made by a conference group of eleven elementary-school principals in Chicago, in co-operation with their district superintendent of schools, led them to assume the task of investigating the arithmetic difficulties in their respective schools on the south side of Chicago. The purpose of the study was not merely to give assistance to particular children failing in arithmetic but also to determine the characteristic deficiencies and to set up appropriate remedial measures.


【Objective】The objective of the study was to elucidate the effect of different water and fertilizer coupling on watermelon.【Method】Watermelon 'Heidi' was used to investigate the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on photosynthetic characteristics,nitrate reductase and superoxide dismutase activities,yield and quality of watermelon.【Result】The results showed that,under the same amount of irrigation and fertilization,the changes of nitrate reductase and superoxide dismutase activities were various with irrigation times.The activities increased from 5 to 2 times and then decreased when irrigatied 1 time in the period of vine growth,and gradually rised with the decrease of times during fruit enlargement period.The photosynthetic rate and water utilization efficiency of leaves and yield showed up-trend first and downtrend late with the decrease of irrigation times,which reached the maximum value with 2 times of irrigation and were significantly higher than that of other treatments.There were no significant differences in soluble solids and vitamin c contents among different treatments.【Conclusion】 It was recommended that irrigation with fertilization every 7 days during vine growth and fruit enlargement would improve watermelon growth and development.


The accommodation of methods of medical treatment within Australian and United Kingdom ('UK') patents law has been controversial since the first patent applications in respect of such methods were filed in the early 20th century. For the last 30 years that controversy has been accepted as having a moral basis, the issue being whether the public interest in encouraging research and innovation in the medical arena through the provision of patent-related incentives for creators of new and useful therapeutic methods on the one hand is outweighed, on the other, by the various public policy objections to permitting the monopolisation of such methods. Those objections include fears that the monopolisation of medical methods would: (a)hinder medical research by restricting the free availability of knowledge; (b) be inconsistent with the teaching of medical students and practitioners; (c)expose medical practitioners and patients who use and accept the use of a patented method without a licence to liability for patent infringement; and (d)enable patentees to exact unreasonable payments for life-saving or potentially life-saving techniques. The controversy regarding the patentability of methods of medical treatment has not always been understood as an ethical one. Prior to 1971 the inherent patentability of methods of medical treatment was expressly regarded by both Australian and UK decision makers as turning on the essentially black letter law question of the nature of an 'invention', a question that only arose in those jurisdictions after the introduction of modern patents legislation. Reconception of the issue from 1971 in moral terms can be attributed to a number of possible causes, including the recovery by decision makers from the initial shock caused by the prospect of allowing patents for potentially life-saving treatment, and the general increase in community (and judicial) interest in the morality of science and its implications for patents law. However, it can also be viewed as a recognition by the judiciary of the questions that have always laid at the heart of the issue concerning methods of medical treatment and patents law namely, whether methods of medical treatment should be patentable and, as a precursor to that question, to what extent (if any) legal constructions of the term 'invention' and patent eligibility generally can legitimately and openly accommodate ethical and other public policy considerations. There is a great deal of literature concerning the specific public policy arguments for and against the patenting of methods of medical treatment, and it is not the purpose of this article to review such arguments nor to argue for their resolution along particular lines. Rather, the purpose of the article is to consider by historical analysis the relationship between decision makers' responses to medical method patents and their conceptions of inherent patentability generally. The thesis advanced in the course of such consideration can be summarised as follows. First, for the last 100 years much of the important jurisprudence relating to inherent patentability in the UK and Australia has derived from cases involving methods of medical treatment. Secondly, those cases are distinguished by the failure of decision makers to resolve convincingly or consistently: (a) the basis for the exclusion from patentability of methods of medical treatment; and (b) the extent (if any) to which legal constructions of inherent patentability can legitimately accommodate ethical and other (non-commercial) public policy considerations. And thirdly, this failure is largely responsible for the unduly restrictive legal principles that governed inherent patentability in Australia and the UK until 1959 and methods of medical treatment until the 1970s. It is also responsible for the ongoing uncertainty on the part of Australian decision makers concerning the relevance of morality and public policy generally to inherent patentability. Central to this thesis are the issues noted above concerning what an 'invention' is and whether patents law, in its various 20th century guises, permits decision makers to consider moral issues when determining a subject matter's prima facie eligibility for patent protection. At a time of increasing public and legal debate regarding both the ability of certain new technologies to be treated as inventions and the moral implications of such treatment, an historical account of the development of decision makers' responses to these issues has never been more important. That account serves, among other things, as a reminder of the potential consequences for law of dressing public policy decisions in black letter principle, or of otherwise assuming inherent (un)patentability without proper consideration of the foundations for that assumption.


The invention belongs to the field of printing plate materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a metal plate base for an ink-jet printing computer to plate (CTP). After the metal plate base is subjected to sanding treatment by an anodic oxidation or a method without anodic oxidation (such as grinding, abrasive blasting, polishing or rubbing and the like), a hydrophilic macromolecular coating is coated on the surface of the metal plate base; and in the presence of nano-scale or micro-scale oxide granules in the hydrophilic macromolecular coating, the metal plate base has high specific surface energy and certain coarseness, and the metal plate surface has ink absorbing property and good abrasion resistance. The method without anodic oxidation can avoid environmental pollution caused by waste acid and waste alkali discharged by the anodic oxidation method. The metal plate base obtained by the method can be used for the ink-jet printing CTP, and can reduce the diffusion of ink droplets so that the printed images have good resolution and definition.


Abstract The study hypothesizes that the greater the satisfaction of a patient's basic motivational needs, the greater the likelihood that the patient will complete the program. Patients were given a self-report questionnaire to assess the strength of their basic motivational needs as they entered the program; and a Likert-type questionnaire concerning satisfaction of needs as they left the program. The results show that those who completed the program experienced greater satisfaction of needs than those who did not complete the program. Analysis of covariance of completion of the program and need satisfaction was significant (p < .01) thus supporting the hypothesis. "Long-term Oral Contraceptive Use and the Risk of Breast Cancer," THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL CANCER AND STEROID HORMONE STUDY. Using oral contraceptives for long periods or using them when one has other risk factors has been hypothesized to increase the risk of breast cancer. To study these issues, we analyzed data from a multicenter, ca...


The aesthetic face for Orientals is different than for white persons. Orientals are usually mesiocephalic compared with dolichocephalic whites, and thus, reduction malarplasty of the prominent malar eminence is often sought by Orientals. A classification for each type of prominent zygoma and a method of treatment for each type are presented.


Plants area unit nature's remedies and are employed by masses on earth since precedent days for food and medication. These days there area unit international movements towards finding of seasoning medicaments in plants to bring them in market via an acceptable drug delivery system for grouping. The essential thought behind it's treatment of every unwellness is hidden in nature. However, delivery of seasoning medicine additionally needs modification with the aim to attain sustain unharness, to extend patient compliance etc. antecedently seasoning medicine couldn't attract scientists towards the modifications of novel drug delivery systems thanks to process, standardizing, extracting and identification difficulties. However currently days with the advancement within the technology, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) open the door towards the event of seasoning novel drug delivery system. With use of advance techniques protection from toxicity, improvement in stability, improved bioavailability of seasoning formulations, protection from physical and chemical degradation is win. Novel drug delivery technologies have gained the importance to attain changed delivery of seasoning medicine their by increasing the therapeutic worth additionally as reducing toxicity. This reviews provides info relating to varied novel techniques used for rising safety and efficaciousness of phytomedicines and application of novel formulation.


The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of a population based screening model designed to identify developmentally disabled and substantially at-risk infants and toddlers. Data indicated that while child and family centered screening components each made a unique contribution to the identification of vulnerable children, parental factors within the algorithm accounted for a greater portion of those children who performed poorly on follow-up examination. Additionally, the prevalence of vulnerable children identified, and the factors that accounted for positive identification, varied considerably by chronologic age.


The aim with this master's thesis was to investigate the possibilities for an e-learning function to sustain in the future in a national health portal in Tanzania. The project and the master's thes ...


Means, Gary E. And Robert E. Feeney. "Chemical modification of proteins' Chapter 1, p. 6, published by Holden-Day in 1971, attached as a PDF to the case file. Means et al. bibligrpahic information for the book "Chemical Modi fication of Proteins', webpage accessed on Google on Jan. 23, 2013, attached in PDF format. Ding, K., et al.: "Tanning Potential of Ginipin' American Leather Chemists Association Meeting, Jun. 21, 2006 XP002477.562, URL:http://www.are.usda.giviresearch/publications (abstract). Decision on Grant dated Feb. 27, 2014. Hiroshi Kuwajima, et al., Biosynthesis of Oleoside-, 10-Hydroxyoleosideand LigustalosideType Glucosides from Secologanin, Chem. Phar. Bull, vol. 47, No. 11, 1999, pp. 1634-1637. Notice of Reasons for Rejection in Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-534482, dated Nov. 27, 2012.


General Bartlett, Alan, A passionate balance. The Anglican tradition. (Traditions of Christian Spirituality.) Pp. 220. London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 2007. £9.95 (paper). 978 0 232 52596 0 Greenman, Jeffrey P., Timothy Larsen and Stephen R. Spencer (eds), The Sermon on the Mount through the centuries. From the early Church to John Paul II. Pp. 280. Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press, 2007. $24.99 (paper). 978 1 58743 205 7 Kirchhof, Tobias and Christof Rudolf Kraus (with Albrecht Döhnert and Katrin Ott), Theologische Realenzyklopädie. Gesamtregister, II : Namen. Pp. xi+772. Berlin–New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2007. e248. 978 3 11 019078 6 Mould, Alan, The English chorister. A history. Pp. xvii+366 incl. 12 ills and 3 tables+16 plates. London: Hambledon Continuum, 2007. £16.99 (paper). 1 85285 513 4 ; 1 8472 5058 0 Orme, Nicholas, Cornwall and the cross. Christianity, 500–1560. (England's Past for Everyone.) Pp. x+198 incl. 102 black-and-white and colour plates. Chichester : Phillimore, 2007. £14.99 (paper). 978 1 86077 468 3 Thompson, John L., Reading the Bible with the dead. What you can learn from the history of exegesis that you can't learn from exegesis alone. Pp. xi+324. Grand Rapids, MI–Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2007. £10.99 (paper). 978 0 8028 0753 3 Tradigo, Alfredo, Icons and saints of the eastern Orthodox Church. (Trans. by Stephen Sartarelli of Icone e santi d'oriente, Milan: Mondadori Electa, 2004.) Pp. 383 incl. 400 colour plates. Los Angeles : J. Paul Getty Museum, 2006. $24.95 (paper). 978 0 89236 845 7


As the sub-Saharan region was expanding educational infrastructure, they met challenges to equip the rural schools with Personal Computers (PCs). The PCs as equipment that required frequently upgrading as technology evolved, the institutions from urban kept on replacing the outdated with the new ones that had high hardware and software specifications, such as RAM, hard-disc, CPU speed, etc. Though still functioning at an en-efficient level, the outdated PCs (o-PCs) were abandoned in some cases packed on corridors. These o-PCs were regarded as en-efficient because of degraded specification as in a long run technology demanded more resources. While these urban tertiary institutions were abandoning the o-PCs, the primary and secondary schools in rural areas were completely inaccessible of PCs. At a serious note, in some remote schools, pupils had not even touched a Computer Key-Board. These students were completely deprived of the IT/ICT technologies and services. It was against this background that the IT-Essentials students at the University of Namibia, in the Department of Computer Science, envisaged on an innovation of servicing and upgrading the abandoned o-PCs to be deployed in primary and secondary schools that were in remote areas. These refurbished PCs were deployed in targeted rural schools. In that way, these under privileged students had opportunity to experience and utilise the ICT facilities.


Google Book Search (GBS), and the breach of copyright actions against it launched by US publishers and authors' groups, has proven the biggest story in global book publishing of recent years. The 'battle over books', as commentators have dubbed the disputes, appears to encapsulate the struggle between the established book industries and the digital media of the new millennium to control the future of the book. This article moves forward existing GBS debates in three ways. It historicises the GBS dispute to demonstrate that it is only the latest in a long line of contestations over rights within the book industries. Secondly, it triangulates the simplistic book-versus-Internet binary presented in much journalistic GBS coverage to reveal the more complex dimensions of book rights disputes between authors, publishers and digital media. Thirdly, it localises GBS debates by assessing the potential utility of Australia's moral rights legislation as an alternative grounds for Australian authors to protect their work in the online environment. The article thus adds an historical publishing industry context and uniquely Australian perspective to a debate so far dominated by overseas commentators and predominantly journalistic modes of analysis. In so doing, the article speaks directly to the special issue theme of 'the politics of publishing' - investigating the changing nature of print culture technologies, tension between creative industries and legislative politics, and complex negotiations of cultural and social power around the role of books in contemporary society.