My experiences as a cancer patient have helped me understand the complexity of illness in ways which I could not fully appreciate as a physician trying to be attentive to my patients. My experiences with managed care helped me appreciate that our system of healthcare finance fundamentally misconstrues the nature of illness and what the healthcare system should be trying to accomplish. As a cancer patient, I was thankful for sophisticated technology such as bone marrow transplant, but it is a grim technology. Without the attentive care of the Duke staff and the love and support of friends and family, it would have been unbearable. I consider this the spiritual side of care, not necessarily in a supernatural sense, but certainly in a transcendent sense. In calling for a new ''new medical model,'' I am suggesting a model that encompasses such spirituality, such transcendence. George Engel identified the need for a ''new medical model'' more than 30 years ago. The model he proposed was the bio-psycho-social model intended to expand the bio-reductionistic model then in force. The bio-reductionistic model held that everything one needs to know about medicine could be explained by reducing illness to its biological components. That model was extremely successful up to a point. There had been many advances in biomedicine that supported the treat-the-body-as-a-machine approach. Even organs could be replaced like the worn out parts of an old automobile. Now, more than a quarter of a century after the publication of Engel's article, we appreciate that the biological model did not explain enough. We realize how mind (and stress) affect the body-machine and how so many of the illnesses people suffer stem from behavioral causes with physiological correlates. The bio-psycho-social gets at least grudging recognition even as bio-reductionism holds sway. In defense of Engel's originality and insight, I think it could be said that spirituality is implicit in his consideration of the psychosocial. But it must also be recognized that the discussion of spirituality in modern Western thought is strained and uncomfortable, perhaps because a failure to distinguish the spiritual from the religious has impeded a broader consideration of the spiritual. In opening up the possibility of a conversation about the role of spirituality in health care, I am aware that we would need to consider everything from the array of organized religions to the most unique forms of New Age individualism. And that is precisely the point. Each patient, each person comes to medicine with a unique experience and outlook and needs and may find a unique path to healing. The doctor and healthcare team do not need to share the same experience, but they need to understand the uniqueness of each person's psychosocial and spiritual needs, as well as the biology of disease. Spiritual reflections were very much part of my experience with bone marrow transplant for multiple myeloma. Getting well was a consuming goal and the spirit of determination carried the day, day after day. My spiritual concerns, however, were never explicitly discussed with my physician, the responsibility of which was left to the chaplain. It strikes me as ironic that chaplains are often the ones who are called upon to do psychological counseling and that psychologists are offering spiritual affirmations and guided imagery. But I take such confusion merely as an indication that the role of spirituality in medicine has not been well thought out. Perhaps the chaplains' role would be easier if they weren't left to do their own introductions or if they were consulted when needed or requested, like other ''specialists.'' Better definition of roles and boundaries might clarify expectations for all involved. Indeed, the people I found most spiritual were the members of the treatment team, doctors and nurses and physicians' associates, though nothing they did might be identified in a formally religious sense. Their presence and their attentive concern again and again transcended the mundane details of chemicals and lab values. This could be considered integration of the spiritual with the bio-psycho-social at its best. Each day, my cancer ritual consisted of taking blood counts and receiving treatments. Nurses changed bandages, and doctors reviewed the progress. The staff offered hope, and the community of friends gathered round to keep the focus on healing, wellness, and recovery. Special Section: Spirituality/Medicine Interface Project


The crystallization behavior of rare-earth luminous polycaprolactam(PA6) prepared through in-situ polymerization was investigated by DSC. During the process of polymerization, rare-earth doped luminous pigments could accelerate the forming of γ form crystal. They also had great effect on the crystallinity and crystallization rate of polycaprolactam. The Jeziorny method modified from Avrami theory was used to analyze the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics. The result shows that the crystallization rates of polycaprolactam increases when the luminous pigments content was larger than 5% by the addition of luminous pigments


The economic sector has been severely impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. Many criminals used this notion to avoid being severely sentenced. This study was performed to examine different judges' perspectives on the handling of criminal cases with economic motives during the Covid-19 pandemic. This qualitative study regarded the data that were collected through telephone interviews using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as the instrument. The findings show that judges have different perspectives on the imposing of punishment to criminals who used economic-related excuses. However, this phenomenon is difficult to control. In order to maintain the professionalism of the judges, judges should be more active in the trial process and able to identify the obstacles they face, such as the protracted legal process due to the potential for transmission of the coronavirus in the trial and communication difficulties due to the low quality of the internet network in online trials. Judges are required to keep their independency in making decisions for criminals regardless the criminal's motives by considering social changes that occur in society comprehensively. This attitude would make the society getting impressed by the performance of the judges.


In this paper, signal processing is integrated with inverse techniques to solve inverse problem for internal parts of machinery in which, sources are unknown and inaccessible. Explosions of an internal combustion engine produce powerful pulses of energy which cause the engine vibration as a response. Attenuation of engine vibration is one of the important problems for NVH engineers. Engine vibration can affect the whole chassis vibration and interior noise level. Engine vibration is the dominant source of noise emissions (less than 200Hz) inside the vehicle compartment. In this research, inverse techniques are implemented to estimate unknown amount of vibration sources. Tikhonov regularization carried out to stabilize solution of ill-posed problem. L-curve method is also utilised to find the regularization parameter. In comparison with transfer path analysis, this method doesn't need to separate the observation part from the system. Despite the coherence based methods, it is practical in low frequency analysis of engine with missing inputs and outputs.


The ideological congruence between the median citizen and the government is shaped by various institutional features, especially the party system. The polarization of the party system has large and robust effects on ideological (in)congruence across a variety of political systems. As captured by several approaches to measuring congruence, and across a substantial span of time, more polarization makes it more difficult to form congruent governments in parliamentary democracies. This paper focuses on the process of parliamentary government formation as the causal linkage between polarization and congruence. The analysis supports our expectation that polarization works somewhat differently under the different election rules. In the PR systems we find polarization shaping congruence through its association with greater distances of the plurality or pre-election coalition plurality vote winner, but also through the distances of the legislative median party, the previous government, and even the runner-up plurality party. In the SMD systems the effects are entirely through the plurality (or pre-election coalition plurality) vote winner. New data from CSES Module 3 and from the Manifesto project make it possible to analyze the two data sources in parallel and compare similarities and differences in polarization and its processes.


We discuss here the spatial clustering of Seyferts and LINERs and consequences for their central engines. We show that Seyferts are less clustered than LINERs, and that this difference is not driven by the morphology-density relation, but it is related to the difference in clustering as a function of level of activity in these systems and the amount of fuel available for accretion. LINERs, which are the most clustered among AGN, show the lowest luminosities and obscuration levels, and relatively low gas densities, suggesting that these objects harbor black holes that are relatively massive yet weakly active or inefficient in their accretion, probably due to the insufficiency of their fuel supply. Seyferts, which are weakly clustered, are very luminous, show generally high gas densities and large quantities of obscuring material, suggesting that in these systems the black holes are less massive but abundantly fueled and therefore accrete quickly and probably efficiently enough to clearly dominate the ionization.


The newly revised Criminal Procedure Law has been formally implemented since January 1, 2013, in which, as a new system, the pretrial proceedings in criminal court in paragraph 2 of Article 182 gradually manifest the unique function and value in specific implementation process of judicial practice, but there are some problems emerging at the same time. The authors proposed some methods to further improve pretrial conference program, by taking the vision of the procuratorial organs as the starting point, through analyzing the applicable judicial status of pretrial conference proceedings, for the difficulties and challenges facing the current procuratorial organs, in order to provide scientific construction and systematic design of pretrial conference program.


Abstract: System Identification is an emerging area in the domain of structural engineering specially under structural health monitoring. For dynamic analysis or stimulation, the dynamic system parameters (i.e. natural frequency, mode shape, damping ratio etc.) are most important. Vibration data of actual structures are collected by different sensors. These data are analyzed with the help of different system identification technique to get inside view of the structure. This paper presents the synthetic vibration data generation of the model structure using Time History Analysis with the help of SAP2000 software. Time history analysis is performed on a cable stayed bridge. Joint acceleration, mode shapes, natural frequency etc. are found from this analysis. For system identification purpose the acceleration time history data of different locations are used to get the natural frequency of the cable stayed bridge which is a significant system identification parameter. This identification is done with the help of power spectral density (PSD) using MATLAB algorithm


Noise or uncertainty appear in many optimization processes when there is not a single measure of optimality or fitness but a random variable representing it. These kind of problems have been known for a long time, but there has been no investigation of the statistical distribution those random variables follow, assuming in most cases that it is distributed normally and, thus, it can be modelled via an additive or multiplicative noise on top of a non-noisy fitness. In this paper we will look at several uncertain optimization problems that have been addressed by means of Evolutionary Algorithms and prove that there is no single statistical model the evaluations of the fitness functions follow, being different not only from one problem to the next, but in different phases of the optimization in a single problem.


We propose an efficient approach to prepare Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs in currently existing Josephson nanocircuits with capacitive couplings. In these fixed coupling circuits, two-qubit logic gates could be easily implemented while, strictly speaking, single-qubit gates cannot be easily realized. For a known two-qubit state, conditional single-qubit operation could still be designed to evolve only the selected qubit and keep the other qubit unchanged; the rotation of the selected qubit depends on the state of the other one. These conditional single-qubit operations allow us to deterministically generate the well-known Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs, represented by EPR-Bell (or Bell) states. Quantum-state tomography is further proposed to experimentally confirm the generation of these states. The decays of the prepared EPR pairs are analyzed using numerical simulations. Possible application of the generated EPR pairs to test Bell's Inequality is also discussed.


The purpose of this study is to compare the heating energy requirements according to the window performance and derive standard coefficients that can be used to easily calculate the savings. In Korea, the total amount of energy consumed by buildings is restricted by the Green Building Creation Support Act and building standards for the energy-saving design have been proposed. In addition, the energy-saving design criteria for buildings suggest insulation performance standards for windows and doors to prevent heat loss in buildings. Windows are the most important area of heat loss in the main building, and are a priority target for energy efficiency. High-efficiency insulating windows can reduce the heat load by minimizing the amount of energy loss through the application of a thermal bridge blocking material for double-glazed windows and window frames. Therefore, in this study, the effect of the change in window performance on the heating energy demand was checked using the building energy evaluation software ECO2, and standard coefficients for calculating the reduction rate were derived.


Caspases are important players in programmed cell d eath. Normal activities of caspases are critical for the cell life cycle and dysfunction of caspes may lead to the development of cancer and neur odegenerative diseases. They have become a popular t arget for drug design against abnormal cell death. In this study, the recognition of P5 position in subst rates by caspase-3, -6 and -7 has been investigated by kinetics, modeling and crystallography. Crystal str uc ures of caspase-3 and -7 in complexes with subst rate analog inhibitor Ac-LDESD-CHO have been determined at resolutions of 1.61 and 2.45 Å, respectively, while a model of caspase-6/LDESD is constructed. En zymatic study and structural analysis have revealed that Caspase-3 and -6 recognize P5 in pentapeptides , while caspase-7 lacks P5-binding residues. D-arginine dehydrogenase catalyzes the flavin-depen dent oxidative deamination of D-amino acids to the corresponding imino acids and ammonia. T he X-ray crystal structures of DADH and its complexes with several imino acids were determined at 1.03-1.30 Å resolution. The DADH crystal structure comprises a product-free conformation and a product -bound conformation. A flexible loop near the activ e site forms an "active site lid" and may play an ess ential role in substrate recognition. The DADH Glu8 7 forms an ionic interaction with the side chain of i minoarginine, suggesting its importance for DADH preference of positively charged D-amino acids. Com parison of the kinetic data of DADH activity on dif ferent D-amino acids and the crystal structures dem onstrated that this enzyme is characterized by rela tiv ly broad substrate specificity, being able to oxidi ze positively charged and large hydrophobic D-amino acids bound within a flask-like cavity. Understanding biology at the system level has gaine d much more attention recently due to the rapid development in genome sequencing and high-thr oughput measurements. Current simulation methods include deterministic method and stochastic met hod. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages. Our group has developed a deterministic-s tochastic crossover algorithm for simulating biochemical networks. Simulation studies have been per formed on biological systems like auto-regulatory gene network and glycolysis system. The new system retains the high efficiency of deterministic method while still reflects the random fluctuations at low er concentration. INDEX WORDS: Apoptosis, Caspases, D-arginine dehydr ogenase, Conformational change, Substrate specificity, Systems biology, Stochastic simulation , Biochemical networks STRUCTURE BASED STUDY OF CASPASE-3 AND D-ARGININE D EHYDROGENASE


This paper proposes an Artificial Intelligence (AI) identification algorithm that combined the human body resistance and capacitance sensing. The measured human body impedance data is analyzed by a simple four-arithmetic algorithm, and then four different AI algorithms are used to determine whether or not according to the characteristics of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients. The algorithm of this paper is based on the impedance data of normal people and PD patients through the calculation circuit proposed in this paper to analyze the difference in body resistance, the number of finger fits, finger kneading cycles, and finger kneading amplitude to accurately distinguish the fingers of PD patients Symptoms of tremor and stiffness. Through the feature analysis of four AI algorithms, it is judged that the accuracy rate of PD patients is higher than 90%.


Based on the diagnostic requirements of high spatial resolution and high energy spectral resolution in the implosion compression stage of laser inertial confinement fusion (ICF), this paper proposes a large field of view and monochromatic imaging system, which combines KB microscope and diffractive crystal. Under the laboratory condition, the grid is backlight imaged by using the Fe target X-ray tube, with KB microscope and high oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The imaging results after the crystal energy selection show that the field of view of the system can reach 800 μm, and the resolution of high-resolution area imaging is 37 μm. The detecting results show that the energy resolution of the system is 28, which verifies the monochromatic performance of the system. The system takes into account large field of view, spatial resolution and energy resolution, and has an important application in the research of hot spot structure and mixing effect in the experiment of implosion compression stage.


The dependence of drift velocity on electric field strength in gallium arsenide and indium phosphide is calculated using recent theoretical estimates of the intervalley coupling constants. Screened and unscreened electron-phonon interactions are considered. In gallium arsenide, the results are shown to be in acceptable agreement with experimental data, the agreement being somewhat better if the unscreened interaction is used. In indium phosphide, the theory predicts very strong intervalley scattering and although this leads to a smaller negative differential mobility than in gallium arsenide, a much higher peak to valley ratio is predicted.


This paper presents a novel method to significantly broaden the bandwidth of airborne capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) by introducing a gaseous squeeze film as a damping mechanism. The damping and stiffening effects of the squeeze film can be tuned to lower the pull-in voltage while improving the sensitivity by optimizing fluidic trenches of various heights within the gap. By only adjusting the trench height, we can control the bandwidth from 0.89% to 8.1% while keeping the pull-in voltage under 55 V and achieving the minimum detectable pressure (MDP) from 2.2 μPa/√Hz to 4.88 μPa/√Hz. We also present a vacuum CMUT with high sensitivity and extremely low MDP as low as to 1.2 μPa/√Hz with 0.93 kHz bandwidth, in which a thick plate is chosen to reduce the geometric nonlinearity. This demonstration of the high sensitivity and wide bandwidth CMUTs with low driving voltage make them applicable to medical imaging, thermoacoustics, and nondestructive testing.


The role of debt /credit in a market economy has recently received an unusual amount of theoretical and empirical attention, as well as coverage by the popular press.1 The rising incidence of debt on balance sheets due to the increasingly important role of debt-finance has led to rising debt-equity ratios and other financial measures of illiquidity and insolvency. This empirical phenomenon is caught in the conundrum of prevailing economic theory: in general, theory contends that debt usage will ultimately produce a neutral effect on the value of the firm and an optimal debt-equity ratio will be obtained.2 Such theoretical results act to assuage the fears implicit in the current empirical situation. The argument put forward in this paper denies the neutrality of debt, emphasizing instead, the connection between the financial and production sectors. This connection transmits the disruptions in the financial sector to the nonfinancial sector where they can cause interruptions in the production process [Fisher, 1933; Minsky, 1986]. Along with arguing that debt-usage is not neutral, it also argues that the currency of its cost is bankruptcy. A financially fragile economy is undesirable because of its potential harm: fragility can lead to insolvency which means disruption and bankruptcy, the loss of capital value. Bankruptcy incurs costs that can affect the level of economic activity. It is not a costless process.3 This paper empirically examines the current extent of corporate vulnerability to financial disruption. Since vulnerability has no absolute definition, it is measured, in this instance, by the projected incidence of bankruptcy. These projections are generated by two separate methods: discriminant analysis and financial ratio analysis for insolvency on a recession-simulated corporate financial structure. The first section discusses the real costs of bankruptcy which lays a foundation for its economic importance. The second section provides some detail on the current history of corporate financial policy and on some of the problems with earlier analyses of its level of risk. The third section presents the methods of analysis, and the final section presents the results of the financial and discriminant analyses.


Plasma nitriding was carried out in a commercial plasma nitriding facility on various alloys to study the formation of aluminium nitride layers in dependence on the chemical composition and the process variables. Beside simple flat specimens more complex shaped samples were investigated to get information about the uniformity of film covering. In contradiction to results of previous experiments, it was possible to produce AlN films on all of the alloys under investigation without additional sputter pretreatment in argon/hydrogen gas mixtures. The nitride layers are characterized by high hardness and good adhesion as well as a high resistance towards wear and corrosion. The growth rate of the aluminium nitride strongly depends on the chemical composition due to differences in oxide layer covering. The formation of the AlN layer further depends on the samples' shape, that influences the near surface plasma properties.


This extract from two interviews that took place in 2021 and 2023 with Nevhiz Tanyeli at her home in Şişli, İstanbul centers on a dialogue over her paintings, the possible interpretations of which the interviewers had discussed beforehand, informed by Bülent Küçük's research on remembrances of Turkey during the events of 1968. Tanyeli offered both tea and counterinterpretations in her unique and witty style, with the interviewers both taken aback and learning something new. Her stories' poetic sensibilities weave the violent historicity of witnessed events with personal memories of the living and the dead. Her paintings constitute a diary that combines the personal with the political, the dreamlike with the factual, and the associative with the nightmarish and repetitive real of the past. Her paintings, while they belong to certain dates, characters, and places, thus remain open for others' imaginations to interpret. As a living participant and witness of '68, her creative will yet speaks to us.


Regarding Donald Kennedy's Editorial on the Data Quality Act ("Turning the tables with Mary Jane," 4 May, p. [661][1]), it is important to emphasize that the Data Quality Act is an industry-led initiative that gives private industry access to raw data from federally funded research. The Data Quality Act does not give independent researchers access to industry data to examine the completeness or accuracy of industry-generated research. The Editorial did not mention the leadership role that the Philip Morris Company played in the genesis of the Data Quality Act, as documented by Baba et al. ([1][2]).

In the mid-1990s, after failing to obtain raw data from federally funded researchers by asking for it or suing them, Philip Morris worked to change regulations governing the release of such data. They drafted model data access legislation in 1996 ([1][2]). In 1997, they met with the Center for Regulatory Effectiveness to seek support for their proposed legislation from the business coalitions that were already fighting the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's outdoor air regulations ([1][2]). Part of Philip Morris's strategy was to form a coalition of industry supporters including the American Petroleum Institute, the National Rifle Association, and the Electric Power Research Institute. The Data Access Act was passed in 1998, followed by the Data Quality Act in 2000. Philip Morris then hired lobbyist Jim Tozzi to draft model guidelines for the agencies and meet with major companies to teach them how to use the new regulation to their benefit ([1][2]). The effects that the tobacco industry has on government regulatory process are still underestimated.

1. 1.[↵][3] 1. A. Baba, 2. D. M. Cook, 3. T. O. McGarity, 4. L. A. Bero
 , Am. J. Public Health 95((suppl. 1)), S20 (2005).
 [OpenUrl][4][CrossRef][5][PubMed][6][Web of Science][7]

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 Abstract—This paper compares the export performances of China and India, the two largest labour-abundant countries. The empirical analysis of the paper is based on US imports from these two countries at the ten-digit level for 1992-2012. The paper examines the composition of exports from China and India, the degree of concentration of exports, and the extent of export similarity. The paper also explores the nature of product differentiation based on unit prices of exports from China and India. The empirical analyses show that China's shares in the US market, for both high-technology products and labour-intensive products, are substantially higher than that of India. Furthermore, China's export basket, compared to India's, is more diversified, and that the extent of export similarity between China and India in the US market is quite low. The data on unit prices of exports suggest that China has outperformed India in vertically differentiated products.


In this extended abstract the subsidence geometry d ue to tunnelling is described. Firstly, empirical expressions, based on the unit volume of subsidence and on the distance between the plane of symmetry of the tunnel and the inflection points of the theoretical curve of subsidence, are presented. Then, an analytical expression for e stimating the displacement field is discussed, considering the effects of ovalization and pure con traction of the tunnel. In order to analyze the influence of ground variabi l ty and its spatial correlation properties on the estimates of ground settlements caused by tunne lling, one has to resort to the Random Field Theory and to the statistical characterization of t he geotechnical parameters. The estimated values of statistical measures are then presented. Two software tools are developed to analyze the set tlements caused by tunnelling. The first one is based on the Monte Carlo method and on the analy tical expressions herein presented. It is applied to statistical analysis and characterizatio n f subsidence basins in clayey overconsolidated ground. The second one is based on the generation of spatially correlated random fields, with MATLAB. It allows assessing the influence of the ground parameters' spatial variability in the dispersion of surface se ttlements, numerically analyzed with FLAC 6.0. Then, the numerical results are compared with obser vational results from a real tunnel.


This article is dedicated to the development of the green building sector falling under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The paper illustrates major trends of green economy development and provides indicators for projects assessment in terms of green building. As the international practice shows, the implementation of modern environmental and energy projects and the introduction of special property of material are now becoming a strategic task in the construction sector. International companies are actively introducing technologies and new materials to reduce energy consumption in industrial buildings and offices. This study contains the analysis of green projects implemented in practice nowadays.


□ DurchfuhrungDie Stresulkusprophylaxe sollte mit H2-Blockern (Ranitidin, Famotidin) oder Sucralfat durchgefuhrt werden, deren Effektivitat erst kurzlich in einer grosen Metaanalyse bestatigt wurde.□ BackgroundThe efficiency of stress ulcer prophylaxis in the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients has led to its widespread use. The lower incidence of stress ulcer bleeding, the side-effects and the cost of the prophylaxis have made it necessary targeting this preventive therapy to those patients most likely to benefit. Metaanalysis of studies on patients who received no stress ulcer prophylaxis showed few critically ill patients with important gastrointestinal bleeding.□ IndicationsPatients who benefit most from receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis are critically ill patients with coagulopathy, or those requiring mechanical ventilation for more than two days. In patients with headinjuries, widespread burns or severe hypotension, the effects of stress ulcer prophylaxis have not been fully researched, but we would recommend administering stress ulcer prophylaxis in these cases.□ TreatmentFollowing a recent metaanalysis, stress ulcer prophylaxis is performed either with H2-blockers (ranitidine, famotidine) or sucralfate.


Objective To analyze the high risk factors of respiratory obstacle after acute cervical spinal cord injury(SCI)and accept the measure more actively so as to decrease the respiratory obstacle occurrence and reduce the mortality rate.Methods A total of 48patients from July 2002to August 2006were analyzed.According to the correlation among the paralyze degree,smoking,and age with the respiratory obstacle occurrence,we reduce the occurrence of respiratory obstacle in patients with spinal cord injury after the operation via obtaining the effective breath,neck retaining,etc.Results The respiratory obstacle was found in 22cases;death in 9,in whom 7died of respiratory failure,1of cardiac arrest,and 1of brain stem hurt.Conclusions The whole palsy,higher level of the spinal cord injury,smoking,and advanced age are the high risk factors of respiratory obstacle after acute cervical SCI.The tracheostomy tube and the adjuvant respiration with the respirator should be accept aggressively for those high risk patients.


By analyzing the theory of the VM-7 attenuator calibrating system and the traditional calibration method of microwave impedance,the authors develop a method to calibrate the microwave impedance with VM-7 attenuator calibrating system.This method fully takes the advantages of VM-7 such as wide dynamic range,high sensitivity,wide frequency range,and so on.Details of construction principle,implementation process and measurement uncertainty evaluation were introduced.The developed method has good stability and high accuracy,which is proven by the actual test results.It can be a set of practical solutions to the calibration of microwave impedance.


The characteristic difficulties involved in interpreting Pushkin's "Kamennyj gost'", are not caused by its Position on the threshold between the classic and romantic traditions of the Don Juan theme, but by a special poetical technique of Pushkin's: The real plot is hidden from extemal view. It takes place in the minds of the dramatis personae and must be inferred from their speech acts and gestures. In the complicated intertwining of implicit and explicit actions Pushkin works out his critical view of the poetic world-conception of Romanticism, Over against which he demands a strict Separation of fiction and reality.


Among China researchers, those reliant on field studies in the conduct of their research often face the most daunting challenges. While obtaining funding is a first and often major challenge, the trials and tribulations of fieldwork loom ever large. Relying on primary and secondary sources, this paper explores structural and practical impediments to gathering data in China. What factors influence the release of data by Chinese sources? How can researchers improve the likelihood of obtaining meaningful data? The paper begins by exploring the structural-bureaucratic and practical obstacles to data collection in China, and then provides suggestions on how to overcome such challenges. While relying primarily on examples from environmental protection-related research initiatives in China, many of the obstacles encountered and the strategies for overcoming those obstacles can be generalized more broadly to other areas of China research.


The gene cluster directing actinomycin G biosynthesis in Streptomyces iakyrus has been identified and sequenced. It contains one actinomycin synthetase I (ACMS I) gene and two copies of ACMS II and III genes. Genetic analysis demonstrates a unique partnership between the putative hydroxylation and chlorination activities as both acmG8 and acmG9 genes need to be transcribed for the biosynthesis of actinomycin G2-3, respectively.


In this paper we analyse how young East Germans come to be differentially placed in global network space through their socioeconomically and culturally specific engagements with globalised mediascapes and ethnoscapes. We call for greater awareness of the power differentials which shape globalisation, and draw on the theoretical work of Pierre Bourdieu to show how unequal access to social and cultural capital influences and is reflected in the 'glocal' connections through which young people develop and perform their identities. Further, we seek to understand how these differential engagements impact on young people's future trajectories through the development of different competencies. We contend that, precisely how young people are positioned in networks of global–local connectivity matters profoundly, both for the performance of their present identities, and for their future life chances.


Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that is highly conserved in eukaryotes spanning from yeast to plants, worms, flies, mice, and humans. mTOR is the catalytic subunit for two functionally distinct protein complexes, termed mTORC1 and mTORC2. These complexes vary in their protein constituents, sensitivity to rapamycin, upstream activating signals/input and downstream functional consequences/output (Figure 1, reviewed in Ref. 1). The mTOR catalytic subunit, mLST8/GβL, Deptor, Tti1, and Tel2 are core components that are common to both the complexes. mTORC1 further contains PRAS40 and Raptor, whereas mTORC2 contains Rictor, mSin1 and Protor1/2. Acute treatment with rapamycin, a growth-inhibitory macrolide, is sufficient to inhibit the kinase activity of mTORC1. In contrast, chronic rapamycin exposure is required to inhibit mTORC2 through a mechanism that involves physical disruption of the complex. Disruption of mTORC2 has been observed in some, but not all, cultured cell lines in vitro and multiple tissues in vivo 2) 3). mTORC1 positively regulates multiple anabolic processes, including protein, lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, organelle biogenesis and metabolism in response to diverse external cues including nutrients, growth factors, stress, energy status, oxygen and amino acids. Conversely, inhibition of mTORC1 slows cell growth and stimulates autophagy, in large part by relieving inhibitory phosphorylations of the upstream autophagy inducers ULK1 and ATG13 4) 5). Numerous targets have been identif ied for mTORC1 and a complete l ist ing is 3. mTOR pathways in aging


Abstract We estimated recent trends in nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P2O5) application, crop production and surpluses on Japanese farmlands, and calculated the N and P2O5 and balances in kind in crop types for 2002. Overall, chemical N and P2O5 fertilizer application peaked in 1985 and then decreased. Crop N production was reduced after 1985 and crop P2O5 production was reduced after 1990. This lag in crop P2O5 decline may have resulted from the accumulation of P2O5 in farmland soils before 1990. Nitrogen and P2O5 balances in 2002 indicated large surpluses in vegetables and industrial crops, despite the reduction in chemical fertilizer application, although chemical fertilizer and manure application levels were still higher than in other crops. The reduction in chemical fertilizer and manure application eventually reduced the N and P2O5 surplus. Substitution of currently non-utilized livestock excreta in place of chemical fertilizers would be worthwhile.


Debate by statisticians on the best way to apply logic and mathematics to `the world', whether real or not, has long interested some people and annoyed others. In this monograph Royall presents his case for the `law of likelihood' as the only way in which statistics can serve science. The boundaries of science are not speci®ed. However, the book mainly refers to experiments, with a few references to observational data. The preface includes many interesting claims and raises questions. The major question I asked myself was `what is ``evidence''?'. The ®rst chapter introduces Royall's idea of evidence, which he distinguishes from beliefs, and reasons for actions. He considers properties which one would wish statistical methodology to have, such as consistency with probability theory. After raising a serious problem ± in what sense can a hypothesis have a probability? ± he merely states that one can describe situations in which hypotheses have probabilities. He focuses on relative evidence, comparing possible hypotheses, so that his law of likelihood always considers ratios of likelihood functions. The likelihood function is de®ned to be the probability density function viewed as a function of an observed x. The multiplicative constant is deemed irrelevant, because `only ratios of its values are meaningful'. To be precise, Royall only assigns meanings to ratios, and his exact de®nition of `likelihood function' is given several sentences after the initial, highlighted de®nition. In this way, he claims that the sample space is irrelevant. Evaluation of evidence is restricted to comparisons within speci®c models, and adequacy of ®t is not addressed. Although two crucial concepts, evidence and uncertainty, are discussed, evidence is not de®ned, and then shown to be measured by likelihood ratios. Instead, the `law effectively de®nes the concept of statistical evidence'. The important issue of deciding on how to calibrate the scale of evidence is raised. Royall chooses a scale based on a particular experiment on urns of balls, which he recognizes is arbitrary. Chapter 2 describes and discusses Neyman± Pearson theory, and, under the title `Fisherian theory', signi®cance tests and rejection tests are delineated in Chapter 3. These two chapters are very useful in distinguishing the variety of interpretations and justi®cations which are invoked in the use of hypothesis tests. One reason for disagreement and confusion in discussions about the foundations of statistics is lack of precision of de®nitions, and unwitting interchange of terms and de®nitions. Nice distinctions between different uses of p-values are valuable, and several of the problems raised are genuine. An alternative method for using probability modelling is given in Chapter 4, based on likelihood ratios. Royall shows how to use his de®nitions of `strong' and `weak' evidence to calculate a sample size. Unsurprisingly, using his de®nitions gives different results from those in a Neyman±Pearson framework. Royall treats the `law of likelihood' as though it were written in stone, rather than being his chosen de®nition. He attempts to show that observation of a positive test result can be interpreted without knowing what experiment was carried out. What Royall calls `paradoxes from the old paradigms' are addressed in Chapter 5. These are choice of size of type I and type II error rates, repeated tests, multiple comparison, one-sided tests and confusing Neyman±Pearson and Fisher de®nitions. I found the discussion of the ®rst three unconvincing. We can `literally see what the data say' in Chapter 6. Royall provides a range of examples, but no advice on lip-reading. Of course we can interpret graphs of scaled likelihood functions according to his rules. However, one example requires a choice between Poisson, negative binomial and normal regressions models but there is no criterion for this choice. Where is the vaunted objectivity of the law of likelihood in this crucial but arbitrary choice? Objectivity is again elusive in the discussion of nuisance parameters in Chapter 7. Royall offers no general solution, but `quite satisfactory ad hoc methods'. Bayesian inference is treated brie ̄y in the ®nal chapter. The distinction drawn between particular states of uncertain knowledge and absence of knowledge is useful. Unfortunately, an explicit de®nition of `evidence' is not given. Indeed, `evidence' and `observations' are interchanged several times. Even


Urban heat environment is a key ecological and environmental parameter in urban system. Despite the importance of structure of landscape in urban of deriving urban heat environment, their nonlinear relationship and seasonal variation of impacts have seldom been examined. In this paper, we took Guangzhou core urban area as an example, and investigated the nonlinear relationship between LST and vegetation abundance represented by NDVI with the use of regression tree approach across four different dates in 2005. Both of LST and NDVI were derived from Landsat TM5. Results found that LST was negatively related to NDVI in all dates, and the relationship between LST and NDVI was obviously nonlinear and strongly affected by season. Regression tree preformed more suitable in predicting LST variation compared with traditional linear regression. Additionally, those rules derived from regression tree could serve as the indicators of specific landscape types. This study provide a great insight of the complicated relationship and modeling of UHI in heterogeneous urban area.


To the Editor.— We read the letter by Catino and Catino1on the use of malaria chemoprophylaxis in a group of US travelers, the comments of Schwartz et al,2and the authors' reply. We certainly agree that many of the deaths or malaria episodes among travelers could have been prevented had malaria prophylaxis been taken. There is no doubt that international agencies and national health administrations provide a plethora of information on the malaria risk for travelers and on how to prevent the disease. In this respect we would like to mention the information provided by the World Health Organization to its member states. A "Synopsis of the World Malaria Situation," based on reports received from member states, is published every year in the WHOWeekly Epidemiological Record.3In the same publication, "Information on Malaria Risk for International Travellers" appeared in three editions and is updated whenever


Need for cognitive closure refers to the need to reach a precise knowledge instead of confusion and ambiguity on a subject and the desire to make a decision as soon as possible. The purpose of the present research is to adapt the "15-item version of the Need for Closure Scale" developed by Roets and Van Hiel to Turkish and testing the relationships between thinking and decision-making styles and the need for cognitive closure through the adapted scale. The work group consists of 577 people who voluntarily participated. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the validity of the scale. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was calculated to test the reliability of scale scores. The research also utilized Thinking Styles Inventory developed by Sternberg and Wagner and Decision Making Styles scale developed by Scott and Bruce. According to the findings of the research, need for Cognitive Closure Scale is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to study the attitudes towards cognitive closure in Turkey. Additionally, cognitive closure and thinking and decision-making styles are related; the need for cognitive closure can also be regarded as an approach to thinking and decision-making.


From the Departments of Neurology and Pharmacy Practice and Science, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson. Dr. Labiner has received grant support from and served on the National Speakers Bureau of GlaxoSmithKline. Corresponding author and reprints: David M. Labiner, M.D., Departments of Neurology and Pharmacy Practice and Science, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 245023, Tucson, AZ 85724 (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com). Lamotrigine and Rash: Scratching Beneath the Surface


This consensus conference is timely, as the past decade has witnessed an explosion of patients deemed suitable for resection of colorectal metastases to the liver (CRLM). This is reflected in an increased complexity of surgical procedures in patients with more advanced disease. During the pioneering era of Fortner1 and Adson2 amongst others, less that 10% of patients with CRLMs isolated to the liver were deemed operable. The introduction of more effective chemotherapy, together with improved radiological detection, has triggered a stepwise increase in eligible patients such that up to 50% of patients with isolated CRLMs may now undergo hepatic resection with excellent outcomes.3 The effectiveness of this strategy was demonstrated in the recent paper by Swan et al.4 who reported over a 21-year period a 16% improvement in 5-year survival in spite of operating on nine times more patients.

The contribution of chemotherapy in downsizing and converting patients deemed inoperable into an operable situation is well understood. The vital role of improved accuracy of radiology in detecting lesions and charting the extent of disease is less widely acknowledged. It is however the key element underpinning this section of the guidelines on selection of patients for surgery of their liver metastases. Why is radiology so pivotal? It is now established that if chemotherapy is used alone, regressed tumour nodules will most often recur after a variable time interval, even in patients who have responded extremely well. In contrast, the incidence of local recurrence from individual lesions that are removed surgically is rare. Accurate detection and the optimal timing of scans are therefore vital in our quest for recurrence-free survival. A detected lesion removed is a problem solved. Failure to detect all the lesions predisposes to treatment failure. It is therefore necessary for us all to understand the aims of what has become a multidisciplinary mode of therapy.

It is imperative that our best ability of CRLM detection within the liver, namely cross-sectional imaging via computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with liver-specific multiphase contrast protocols, is undertaken prior to any therapeutic intervention;5 the problem of 'disappearing lesions' serves to emphasize this point. In the majority of cases when known lesions have disappeared the surgeon can use the original radiological road map to dictate the pattern of resection, sometimes supplemented by intra-operative ablation techniques such as radiofrequency or microwave thermal ablation.

The staging of patients deemed suitable for resection must of course include identifying any sites of extrahepatic disease (EHD). Because the lung is one of the common sites of extrahepatic metastases in patients with CRLM, dedicated CT of the chest should be performed at the time of the initial CT for screening the liver. The role for positron emission tomography (PET)-CT remains less certain, especially in patients with limited spread to the liver and in whom there was no evidence of nodal spread from the primary tumour. While hard evidence is still lacking, it would seem intuitive to employ PET-CT in selected cases with more advanced tumour load with, for example, heavy initial nodal involvement and borderline resectability of the liver.

Perhaps the more controversial aspect of these guidelines is the concept that extrahepatic disease does not automatically preclude liver resection. There is now circumstantial evidence that patients with limited extrahepatic spread may be considered for resection of the liver together with subsequent resection of EHD such as pulmonary metastases or portal nodes. This concept is not new6 but has been reinforced by more recent data from Cresswell et al.7 that patients with synchronous presentation of liver and lung or portal node metastases who underwent sequential resection had a 25.5% and 29% 5-year survival, respectively. This more aggressive approach is further encouraged in patients who demonstrate a response to chemotherapy. For limited peritoneal carcinomatosis complete cytoreductive surgery together with the option of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy8,9 offers yet another therapeutic option to our armamentarium, albeit not in the context of liver resection.

Liver resection for CRLM has come of age with more and more of our patients offered hope of long-term survival as a treatment goal. Achieving this goal is now dependant on a coordinated multidisciplinary approach to define and tailor the treatment pathway for each individual patient. In spite of our advances, one is reminded of the philosophical words of Marty Adson that 'our technological ingenuity does not surpass the biologic behaviour of the underlying cancer'.10 Marty, perhaps you will now allow us to celebrate these guidelines [reference guideline] as the first chink that perhaps we can, after all, alter the inevitability of the behaviour of colorectal liver metastases.


This paper presents static analysis and response of smart piezoelectric porous beams by mesh-free approach. The beam consists of a functionally graded porous core reinforced with graphene platelets (GPLs) and two piezoelectric face layers. The effective material properties of the core vary smoothly through the thickness direction, and they are estimated based upon Halpin–Tsai micromechanical model. The electric potential is assumed to vary linearly across the thickness of the piezoelectric layers. Polynomial basis function-based C1-Hermite interpolation for all displacement and electric potential variables of the problem is proposed for the mesh-free method to discretize the equilibrium equations. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effects of material parameters and boundary conditions on the deflection and stresses of the beam subjected to mechanical and/or electrical load(s). Furthermore, the study also highlights the piezoelectric effect on the static bending control of the proposed beam.


As the linear structure tensor is tending to inaccurately or even wrong estimate the gradient direction of a gray-level image, we present a novel algorithm to construct adaptive elliptical structuring elements via estimating the local anisotropy of an image based on the nonlinear structure tensor. Erosion, dilation, opening, closing and Hit-or-Miss transform are redefined according to the presented structuring elements, which have been applied to some representative images. The processed results and the quantitative analysis show that the novel morphological operators have more advantages in structure adaptation, corner protection, filtering and targets extraction than the others.


Nightmares can cause poorer sleep quality. Various mechanisms have been explored as potential treatments for nightmares, including mindfulness practices and lucid dreaming. Presently, little literature has looked at the interaction effects between mindfulness and lucid dreaming to reduce nightmare distress.

 A sample of 275 individuals was recruited from both the United States and Thailand via social media and a student pool of research subjects at UNC Charlotte. Data were recorded on participants' demographic information, lucid dreaming from the Lucidity and Consciousness in Dreams Scale (Voss et al., 2013), Mindfulness using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionaire (Baer et al., 2006), Nighmares via the Nightmare Distress Questionaire (Belicki, 1992), and sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; Buysse et al., 1989). Higher scores on each measure were associated with more lucid dreaming, more mindful behaviors, more severe nightmares, and poorer sleep quality. PROCESS model 8 was run to conduct a moderated mediation analysis (Hayes, 2018). Lucid dreaming was used as the predictor; sleep quality as the outcome variable, nightmare distress as the mediator and mindfulness acted as a moderator on both the direct and indirect pathway of lucid dreaming onto the mediator and outcome.

 Mindfulness was a significant predictor at both the mediator and outcome variables. Nightmare distress was a significant predictor of sleep quality. A statistical trend (p=.054) suggests lucid dreaming may have a positive effect on nightmare distress. In the indirect path, lucid dreaming had a positive effect on PSQI scores only for individuals with low mindfulness.

 The moderated mediation suggests that individuals with low mindfulness may see a decrease in sleep quality from lucid dreaming. This could be due to lucid dreaming being associated with more severe nightmares. A zero-effect size could not be ruled out of the confidence intervals for individuals of average or high mindfulness, but the data suggest that lucid dreaming alone may not help treat nightmares, but the combination of lucid dreaming and mindfulness therapies could promote lower distress and better sleep quality.

 Psychological Sciences departmental funding


A QoS constrained service discovery model QCSLP is proposed.An entity of QM is designed in the existing Service Location Protocol(SLP)working pattern based on DA to mainly support the calculation and feedback of QoS.The conception of QoS standardization and integration is imported and the mechanism of QoS feedback is adopted in the QM entity.Experimental result shows that QCSLP can help user find services that meet the service requests of type and attribute,and the service requests of QoS at the same time in the simulation environment of LAN including 6 entities.


When bone metastasis occurs,osteoblasts and osteoclasts release bone biochemical markers including bone formation markers,bone resorption markers,OPG and RANKL in the blood and urine.These markers are significantly higher in patients with bone metastases than in those without and thus have a potential clinical value for early detection of bone metastases.But further more large prospective studies are needed to evalate the accuracy and validity of biochemical markers in the early diagnosis of bone metastasis.Most high biochemical markers level are associated with poor outcome of bone metastatic patients and have major clinical significance in monitoring of disease progression and treatment.

Key words:
Bone neoplasms; Biological markers


Sixty discs of PVS and VSE impression materials each were prepared using a stainless-steel test die and ring in accordance with ANSI/ADA Specification No. 19. Twenty discs of each impression material were disinfected by chemical immersion for 10 min; another 20 discs were subjected to dry microwave irradiation for 3 min. The other 20 discs served as a control group. Dimensional stability measurements were then performed using an image analyzer at 20× magnification. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (α=0.05) and Bonferroni (post hoc) test for multiple comparisons to detect significant differences between the groups.


The great amount of N, P nutrient elements in every kind of water bodies in the research region proves the point we can analyse the figures of the content and special dynamical changes of plant nutrient elements N and P in several kinds of water bodies, such as the content of N, P in water bodies under different forms of the use of the land by 11 years' long-term observation on the typical profile of the Heihe Rivers basin and selective sampling analysis on underground water, spring water, reservoir water and river water on. The plant nutrient elements N and P in water bodies under different forms of the use of land. The founding is that the content of TP, NH4-N and NO3-N in river and shallow underground water increase markedly from the mountain outlet to the lower reaches of the river while the obvious tendency of change with the seasons and times increasing. Different forms of the use of land greatly affect the content of nitrogen in the runoff. The expanding of the forest area decrease the content of nitrogen in the runoff while the increase of oasis cropland increases it proportionately. In addition, this article puts forward some suggestion on the serious pollution of N, P in water bodies.


The carotico-clinoid foramen was first described by Henle (1855), as an osseous bridge between the tip of the middle and anterior clinoid processes. The carotico-clinoid ligament connecting anterior and middle clinoid processes sometime get ossified forming the carotico-clinoid foramen which transmits one of the segment of internal carotid artery. The existence of a bony or osseous carotico-clinoid foramen may cause compression, tightening or stretching of the internal carotid artery, especially of the clinoidal segment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of caroticoclinoid foramen in South Indian skulls as well as to study their morphometry and to discuss its clinical correlations. This observational study was conducted on 50 dried human adult skulls which were collected from department of Anatomy, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur, Karnataka, India. The occurance of partial or complete caroti- coclinoid foramen was observed and photographed. The incidence of carotico-clinoid foramen in this study was 4%. Out of 50 skulls studied 2 (4%) skulls had carotico-clinoid foramen. Out of these skulls, 1 (2%) skull had carotico-clinoid ligament forming a complete ring which was observed bilaterally and 1 (2%) skull had carotico-clinoid ligament forming an incomplete ring which was observed on right side. The mean diameter of carotico-clinoid foramen was noted to be 5.25mm. The knowledge of the incidence and morphometry of the ossified carotico-clinoid foramen will help the neurosurgeons to plan a safe and effective surgery in the region of sphenoid bone in middle cranial fossa. Therefore detailed anatomical knowledge of the


Modern systems are becoming increasingly complex in their functionality, structure, and dynamics. A successful management of these systems requires enhanced performance in terms of robustness, safety, resiliency, scalability, and usability. To achieve these performance requirements, it is important to adopt cyber-physical system (CPS) design techniques. A CPS features tightly coupled physical and cyber components. The physical components include system dynamics, sensors, controllers, and the uncertain environment in which the system operates. The cyber components include data, communication, control, and computation. The CPS co-design principle suggests that these physical and cyber components should be designed as an integrated whole. CPS studies cross boundaries of multiple science and engineering disciplines and require deep domain knowledge. CPS applications span intelligent transportation, unmanned systems, smart grids, smart homes, smart health care, smart materials, and intelligent civil infrastructures. Developing practical closed-loop optimal decisions is a common and pivotal task for these CPS applications. The optimal control theory finds its significant value in developing such solutions. However, the traditional optimal control theory cannot be directly used because it was developed for systems that do not have the complexity level of modern systems we observe today. Significant challenges exist in developing practical optimal control solutions for real CPSs, considering the increased level of complexity and challenging performance requirements aforementioned. Addressing these challenges requires a seamless integration of the optimal control theory with advances from learning and other science and engineering domains. The performance of such integration or co-design is not fully understood or developed. This special issue focuses on the optimal control theory and learning for CPSs. The papers received span broad topics including learning and data-driven optimal control to address physical unknowns and disturbances, estimation techniques to deal with uncertainties; secure and resilient solutions that account for disturbances, faults, and attacks; control solutions subject to physical constraints on energy, actuation, communication, and computation; and CPS applications toward robotics and power grids. The 18 accepted papers are categorized into five directions and summarized as follows:


In vivo nucleotide-level mapping of nucleosomes in the promoter of the methanol oxidase (MOX) gene in the yeast Hansenula polymorpha is reported. The 4 nucleosomes analyzed are organized in families; they localize in alternative positions along a unique rotational phase, and the linker regions can be occupied by alternative nucleosomes. This organization underscores a substantial freedom of choice by histone octamers when nucleating on a promoter region.


Section I: Multidisciplinary Basis for the Understanding of Human Movement 1. Biomechanics, Kinesiology, and Occupational Therapy: A Good Fit 2. The Study of Human Movement: Concepts from Related Fields 3. Gravity: A Constant Force 4. Linear Force and Motion 5. Rotary Force, Torque, and Motion Section II: Basic Concepts Applied to Musculoskeletal Regions 6. The Head and Torso 7. The Proximal Upper Extremity 8. The Distal Upper Extremity 9. The Lower Extremity Appendixes A. English to Metric Conversions B. Body Segment Parameters C. Solutions to Chapter Applications D. Review of Mathematics E. Trigonometric Functions F. Commonly Used Formulas in Biomechanics G. Biomechanical Analysis of Function H. Synopsis of Characters I. Overview of Muscle Anatomy J. Working Models of the Finger and Hand K. Learning Objectives L. Laboratory Activities Biomechanical Interventions Lab Manual Glossary


Background Anesthetics are protective during ischemic–reperfusion injury and associated inflammation; therefore, the authors hypothesized that anesthetic pretreatment may provide protection in culture from cytokine-induced cell death. Methods Rat vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell and human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures were used to determine whether pretreatment with 30 min of isoflurane decreases cell death from tumor necrosis factor &agr; (TNF-&agr;), interleukin 1 (IL-1&bgr;), and interferon (IFN-&ggr;) alone or in combination. Cell survival and viability were determined by trypan blue staining and cell proliferation assay, as well as by DNA fragmentation assays. The roles of protein kinase C (PKC) and adenosine triphosphate–sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in mediating isoflurane (and halothane) protection were evaluated with the antagonists staurosporine or glibenclamide in cytokine- and also hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)–induced cell death. Results Pretreatment with 1.5% isoflurane immediately prior to cytokine exposure increased cell survival and viability from cytokines by 10–60% for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in VSMs and up to 72 h in HUVECs. DNA fragmentation (TUNEL) was also attenuated by isoflurane. Isoflurane was equally effective in VSMs at 0.75, 1.5, and 2.5%, whereas in HUVECs, 1.5 and 2.5% were more effective than 0.75%. In VSMs, isoflurane administered 1 h prior to or simultaneously with cytokines was also effective, whereas isoflurane 2 h prior to cytokines was less effective, and either 4 h prior to or 30 min after cytokines was not effective. In both cytokine- and H2O2-induced cell death, isoflurane and halothane pretreatment were equally protective, and staurosporine and glibenclamide attenuated the protective effect. Conclusions Thirty minutes of isoflurane attenuates cytokine-induced cell death and increases cell viability in VSMs for 96 h and in HUVECs for 72 h. Isoflurane must be administered less than 2 h prior to or simultaneously with the cytokines to be protective. These initial inhibitor studies suggest involvement of PKC and KATP channels in isoflurane and halothane protection against both cytokine- and H2O2-induced cell death of VSMs and HUVECs.


Enhancements in microcontroller technology are creating new applications for the 8051 chip. These inexpensive applications include new consumer and electronics products, from cellular phones to engine controls and computer keyboards, which creates a demand for information on how to develop the programs and controls that run them. This work combines comprehensive introductory level coverage of the entire 8051 microcontroller family with general information on Intel 8051 and the Siemens 80C515 microcontroller applications, architectures and programming. This package contains software that can be used to build designs and experiment with the 8051 chip by using a chip simulator. Example programs are also included on the disk.


This article discusses how to use the right to public information by entrepreneurs in Poland. The aim of the right to the access to public information, which was specified in Article 61 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997 and the Act of 6 September 2001 on the Access to Public Information, was to enable citizens to have the access to public information. Currently this right is more frequently used by entrepreneurs in Poland as a tool to obtain information used in their business activity. In addition to public information obtained by entrepreneurs via the website of the Public Information Bulletin, entrepreneurs use for this purpose the procedure of a public information request.


Rarely can any publication have received as much public criticism as DSM-5, before its release. Bob Roehr reports the APA's response from the official launch


In the product planning procedure of a machine tool, mature designers consider various kinds of customers' requirements, while simultaneously conducting the necessary information processing, so as to finally determine the most suitable product specifications. In order to systematize this procedure, it is necessary and indispensable to clarify the decision-making process as well as knowledge of a mature designer in detail, and to analyse design information used in the product planning. In this study, to establish a product development methodology for machine tools, characteristics of design information related to the product specification have been analysed using a simple mathematical method. Actual design information used in this analysis is obtained from focused interviews and questionnaire investigations with mature designers within the leading machine tool manufacturers in Japan. Furthermore, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method have been verified using the results of these investigations.


The utility model discloses a card redirection mechanism and a desktop card printer. In summary, the card redirection mechanism can transfer and turn a card, and almost no main surface of the card is contacted. By using the card redirection mechanism, after the operation of the main surface of the card, the card can be redirected, and almost no main surface of the card is contacted. The card redirection mechanism is very useful in the condition that after ink is applied to the main surface of the card and the card is expected to be rotated without the contact with the main surface of the card. In addition, when the card is on the card redirection mechanism, almost the whole main surface can be subjected to a processing operation, such as a laser personalized operation or image capture operation.


To describe the process technology and application of hydrogen production.To introduce the current hydrogen consumption in China,especially the hydrogen energy development,namely,the hydrogen fuel-cell vehicle applications.To put forward suggestions,e.g.reasonable utilization of hydrogen resources,develop hydrogen energy,developing the hydrogen energy economy,the green environmental protection,low carbon energy saving,realize the harmonious development between human and nature.


Objective  To analyse the data reported by the national surveillance system of Brazil, including data on diarrhoea mortality and hospital admissions before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction, and evaluate the impact of its widespread use under operational conditions.


This communication is based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to detect the impedance response of sandwich solar cell components under external pressure. It reveals a new mechanism by which external pressures and internal electrochemical processes interact. The results show that the series resistance of the device increases with pressures and cannot be recovered by pressure withdrawal. The impedance properties of the Pt-electrode/electrolyte interface are insensitive to external pressures. The impedance of the Dye-TiO2/electrolyte is relatively complex and is related to the pressure-induced microstructure of the thin film and the ion distribution of the electrolyte.


The moor of Ruoergai plateau is the biggest one in the world They include the primary and the secondary moor. The later is the result of moorization of water drain and water pond once again. There are 95 species of helophyte which belong to 67 genera; 27 families The moory vegetation consists of 25 associations which belong to 11 formations and one vegetation type In this paper,we have researched emphatically the evolutional way of the moory vegetation, and the meadowization of the moor by the invasion of mesophytes after ditching-water drainage,ploughing, shutting up and preventing,cultivating and planting on the trace of peat exploitation The precondition of the evolutional process of the vegetation is the moisture state The results indicate that the experiments have been successful


Purpose – The paper focuses on intentional information security breaches by insiders. The purpose is to assess the relationship between insiders' backgrounds and motivations and their deviant behaviors. Two outcome variables, information technology (IT) espionage and IT sabotage, are correlated with four predictors, financial changes, relationship strains, substance abuse, and job changes.Design/methodology/approach – Some 62 cases of intentional information security breaches by insiders are examined using canonical analysis.Findings – The results indicate that a significant relationship exists between financial hardship, relationship strains, and the theft and sale of proprietary data by insiders; and recent firings, substance abuse, and relationship strains are related to information system sabotage.Research limitations/implications – Because little or no research has been conducted on this topic, there is a lack of validated measures for variables associated with information security. Thus, the measure...


The authors acknowledge the support of the Spanish Science & Innovation Ministry through project MAT2008-06434. JLEI acknowledge the support of Spanish Science & Innovation Ministry through the "Campus de Excelencia Internacional" program consistent with Polytechnic University of Valencia. The authors also acknowledge the support of CIBER-BBN which is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&D&i Plan 2008 - 2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions and financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund and the funding by the Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe in the field of regenerative medicine through the collaboration agreement from the Conselleria de Sanidad (Generalitat Valenciana) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ministry of Science and Innovation).


This article describes the design and creation of a smart, controlling and realtime monitoring system for intelligent building. The system primarily tracks electrical variables like current and voltage and then determines the amount of power used. The application of the controlling technique to appliances in many ways makes this system innovative. The system created is versatile and affordable, allowing users to reduce their power costs, when a message is sent through GSM. The prototype has undergone thorough testing in actual settings, and the results of the experiments are quite positive. This technique can shut off the power supply when electricity is misused and send information to intelligent buildings through GSM.


There are many technology breakthroughs today so that for banking delivery channel could cover people from the big city even rural areas today. The advancement of both technology and telecommunication has stimulated transaction for banking industry in overall. Internet Banking is becoming a trend in banking industry. One of the multi channel distribution of financial services industry is through internet streams. It helps the banks to open up new channel, reduce the costs, improve the services, enlarge customer portfolios and creates innovative products. The Internet Banking is being used as a strategic weapon to gain and retain customers. The paper covers customer's Perception on Internet Banking services using risk appetite & tolerance framework in accordance with management decision (IT Steering Committee)


A basement profile obtained from seismic reflection data has been used to constrain a two-dimensional flexural model of basin formation for the Midcontinent Rift at a latitude of 45/sup 0/25'N. Model parameters included the thickness of the elastic plate, the basin width, and the maximum basin thickness. Modeling suggests that flexure produced a deep narrow basin along the rift axis and that the crust was thinned at the time of basin formation to an elastic thickness of 9.6 km for a plate ruptured by rifting, or 5.7 km for an unbroken plate, with corresponding maximum basin thicknesses of 14 km and 16 km respectively. The plate thickness depends most strongly on the basin width and is well constrained by the seismic data, although erosion may have narrowed the basin. The maximum basin thickness is poorly constrained because of the lack of seismic data for depths greater than about 10 km and because the strata at the center of the rift have been disturbed by a postrift compressional event which produced the St. Croix horst. Despite uncertainty about the basin thickness, the load required to flex the crust to produce the Midcontinent Rift basin is too large to be attributed tomore » the weight of the central flood basalts unless the basin subsided into a fluid less dense than the solidified basalts. On the basis of seismic refraction data and by analogy with other rifts, we hypothesize that a magnetic ''rift pillow'' intruded in the lower crust. The basaltic pillow subsequently solidified to produce a large, high-velocity region in the lower crust, centered under the rift axis, as determined from deep seismic refraction. This crystallization and cooling may be responsible for the ''sag'' phase of rift evolution, as evidenced by laterally widespread occurrence of postvolcanic sediments. copyright American Geophysical Union 1988« less


Focus Area: Integrative Approaches to Care Autoimmune disease is growing at epidemic proportions, and standard interventions are based on symptom control and immune suppression. This presentation with review a proactive integrative systems biology approach to disease prediction, prevention, and treatment, including various evidence-based modalities. Presentation elements will include an exploration of the role of the GI microbiota, food immune reactions, stealth infections and molecular mimicry in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and how these may serve as leverage points for clinical interventions. The hygiene hypothesis and changes in early environmental antigen exposue also will be explored. New opportunities for proactive screening for at-risk subjects for autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, lupus, and others using emerging predictive antibody testing also will be reviewed and discussed. Integration of CAM providers with rheumatologists and other primary specialist also will be addressed.


Article history: Received: 24 December, 2020 Accepted: 26 February, 2021 Online: 17 March, 2021 Compared to other types of autonomous vehicles, the single-seat is the simplest when designing, since its compact design makes it an option that can simplify different mechanical aspects and enhance those of greater importance such as the steering and the braking system. Likewise, the electronic and electrical design may be a great improvement on the vehicle. It enhances the safety on road by interacting with the mechanical parts of the vehicle and increasing the driver's perspective or reaction in a larger range of scenarios. For an electric vehicle is also important to clarify that, as an internal combustion engine vehicle, it needs to be regulated and have all the necessary equipment to circulate on the streets. Other interesting information is that an electric vehicle can be recharged with electricity and it can come from renewable energy, diminishing its already lower carbon footprint. Therefore, to achieve autonomy over the detection and evasion of objects, the application of intelligent algorithms is dispensable. To achieve the obtained result, a Q-Learning algorithm was applied on the complete 3D model of the vehicle in a simulation environment, which allows finding the best parameters of forward and turning speed. In this way, by reaching a design that meets the requirements and applying the results obtained in the aforementioned algorithm, it allows their interaction in a real environment to be satisfactory.


traditional understanding of Benedictine to include Joanna Gilbert, who is a member of the Lay Benedictine Community in Brighton an offspring of Worth Abbey. The other contributors come from Missouri, Stanbrook, Douai, Belmont, Chester, Worth, Glenstal and Downside (Dam David Foster). That these different communities should become the right home for certain individuals and not for others reminds us of the importance of 'feeling at home' in the discernment of vocation and the necessary variety of monastic life within one Rule. These lives ring true. There is a wonderful sense that this exercise of self-description has been an adventure in self-discovery, or, if the writers are used to telling their story, it has at least led them to even greater personal clarity. Most of them spend as much time on their lives before the monastery as afterwards and all have had to struggle, in the world, inside themselves and within the monastic walls. Not one has breezed through; there has been turbulence and crises. Yet our writers acknowledge that it is these moments which mould us and distinguish what is real and worthwhile. Discernment and growth, therefore, do not cease in the novice quarters or even at Solemn Profession. Monks and nuns have to choose obedience to the Rule and commitment to the community daily. Weaknesses, temptations and confusions remain but are only fatal if concealed. The prize for all this for our disciples of St Benedict is wholeness. The saints in Heaven are held by God. Their journey is over. We, however, are still travelling and the time would be easier with good company. Here we find such good company: ten individuals who long to be held by God but at least have been touched by Him. They would help us to recognize his touch in our own lives.


Microstructural and fractographic studies have been conducted on hot-pressed boron carbide ceramics subjected to ballistic impact by caliber .30 AP M2 projectiles and static flexural loading. A variety of observational techniques were employed, including conventional metallographic and low-power optical examinations, electvon microprobe analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and replication electron microscopy. Results suggest that macroscopic topography of fracture-exposed surfaces is indicative of stress states occurring during the fracture r/ent whereas microscopic topography is determined by microstructural constituents, particularly secondary phases, pores, and grain boundaries.


The atmosphere is the optical medium between the imaging system and the observed object. The effect of this optical turbulent, absorbing and scattering element on the quality of an image is difficult to predict. Since the beginning of the sixties there were several attempts to build a model that will describe the degrading effect of the atmosphere on spatial resolution of imaging systems. In the field of atmospheric turbulence there is a common agreement on its relative contribution to the degradation of the spatial resolution of an image. On the other hand in the field of atmospheric scattering there is a disagreement on its degrading effects and an international scientific discussion has been developed in the past five years in this scientific field. A model, that was suggested several years ago by Sadot and Kopeika, claimed that the effect of the atmospheric scattering on the spatial resolution of imaging systems is a function of the properties of the imaging system, apart from the inherent properties of the atmosphere. The results of their model were in contrast with the results of the work of other scientists and therefore, caused a scientific debate. The purpose is to propose an alternative theoretical model which describes the effects of atmospheric scattering by focusing on the point spread function of the imaging system.


Critics have concluded that paper-and-pencil science attitude measures are so flawed that the concept of science attitude should be rethought and new instruments and approaches to measuring science attitude should be devised. This study utilized student interviews to investigate student science attitudes (n=113 from grades 2, 5, 8, and 11) and written instruments for science attitude and classroom structure (n=1,084). Results suggest that there are few gender differences in attitude across the sample. However, interactions between classroom structure and gender suggest females are more likely to prefer teacher-centered classrooms. Second and fifth graders like science somewhat more that older students. Eighth graders had the most negative attitude of all students. Students preferred group activities and very open-ended, :inquiry lessons. (Contains 33 references.) (PR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Letting students speak: Triangulation of qualitative and quantitative assessments of attitude toward science Baker, D., Piburn, M.D., Leary, R., Moffat, N., Sidlik, L., Trammel, R. & Wallin, M. College of Education Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Dale R. Baker TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Odtce ot Educational Research and Impovement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) RTi,s document has been reproduced as received Rom the person or organizahon originating it Minor Changes have been made to enprove reproduction qualdy Potins of view or opintonS slated in thts docu ment do nol neCessardy represe St oltictal OERI Position or policy Presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA, April 1992.


A STUDY OF THE THERMAL BEHAVIOUR OF BLAST-FURNACE SLAG WAS UNDERTAKEN WITH A HEATING MICROSCOPE. INFORMATION WAS OBTAINED ON THE SINTERING, SOFTENING, SWELLING, AND MELTING OF SLAG. X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETRY SERVED TO IDENTIFY THE CRYSTALLINE PHASES AS THEY OCCURRED IN THE HEAT-TREATED SLAGS. THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS ARE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO THE REACTIVITY OF BLAST-FURNACE SLAG. /RRL/


With the rapid increase of the population of the elderly people, the problem of the elderly poverty becomes serious growingly in EU. There are significant differences in different countries, gender, and household types. Moreover, the old age benefits dominate personal income of the elderly. The level of the old age benefits directly affects the degree of the elderly poverty. Therefore, the basic goal of the pension systems should be reconsidered carefully, and gender differences of pension systems should be eliminated. With the help of perfect law systems, the "decent living "of the elderly is guaranteed.


This chapter reviews the continuing discourse in medicine regarding the circumstances in which clinicians should adhere to evidence-based practice guidelines or exercise their own judgment, sometimes called "expert opinion." There are at least two broad reasons why patient care adhering to guidelines may differ from the care that clinicians provide. First, guideline developers and clinicians may differ in their ability to predict how decisions affect patient outcomes. Second, guideline developers and clinicians may differ in how they evaluate patient outcomes. Welfare comparison of adherence to guidelines and decentralized decision making requires consideration of both factors, and perhaps others as well. This chapter looks at how limited ability to assess patient risk of illness and to predict treatment response may affect the welfare achieved by adherence to guidelines and by decentralized clinical practice.


Due to the strong load disturbance, model uncertainties and parameters mismatch, it is usually difficult to control drum water level of the boiler. A sliding mode controller with adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) was proposed. Taking the error of drum water level, its velocity and its accelerated speed into s-function, the sliding mode controller was designed. And by using Lyapunov stability theorem, its stability was proved. On this basis, sliding mode controller parameter was optimized with AGA. The proposed method was applied to the drum water level control, and PID controller was also applied to drum water level control. The results prove that sliding mode controller with AGA leads to better performance than PID controller, and it's a valid and feasible method.


This study was conducted to determine the policy of the Samarinda City Environmental Service regarding the cleanliness of public roads from dirt or dust to Smart Environment. This study was conducted using a descriptive approach using a purposive sampling sample at the Samarinda City Environmental Service. Data analysis using the latest interactive data model as defined by Miles and Hubermans. The results of the study can be concluded that policies have been implemented by the City of Samarinda Environment Service such as using roadsweeper trucks which are fine sand suction devices and policy innovation is needed with the recycling project method to increase public interest and concern.


Optical properties and stability of hydrogenated silicon clusters are investigated using density functional pseudopotential calculation. The dipole transitions between the band-edge orbitals are allowed, in contrast to the indirect gap in bulk silicon. Evolution of a small amount of hydrogen atoms enhances the dipole transition, increasing the photoluminescence intensity. Further dehydrogenation creates gap states due to dangling bonds, which may decrease the photoluminescence intensity via nonradiative recombination processes. The Stokes shift is also estimated by calculating the relaxed structure of the excited state within the local density approximation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


During DSDP Leg 35, Sites 322, 323, 324, and 325 were drilled in the Southeast Pacific Basin, in the Antarctic region. Late Cretaceous to Pleistocene planktonic and benthonic foraminifera were investigated from the recovered sediments. The Pliocene and Pleistocene assemblages yielded a nearly monospecific planktonic fauna of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma. Only a few, probably displaced, benthonic forms were found. The late and middle Miocene sediments were barren of foraminifera. A lower bathyal to abyssal fauna of arenaceous foraminifera existed throughout the region during the early Miocene. In the shallower continental slope area (Site 325) this fauna was accompanied by a sparse assemblage of deepwater calcareous benthonic species and an isolated occurrence of Globorotalia zealandica incognita. The age assignment of this species is foraminiferal Zone N6-N7; Burdigalian. The lower boundary of this fauna could be Oligocene, inasmuch as the observed benthonic species, especially Cyclammina, range from Oligocene to Miocene. A new fauna of arenaceous foraminifera, found only at Site 323, occurs below this unit. The fauna occurs in sediments from Paleogene to Late Cretaceous age. This section of brown claystone contains a 5-meter thick layer of well-preserve d calcareous sediments. It is of early Paleocene age (Danian) from the Globigerina edita Zone and it falls in the nannoplankton Cruciplacolithus tenuis to Chiasmolithus danicus zones. The oldest sediments recovered from Site 323 were deposited during the Late Cretaceous in a fairly shallow environment. Some calcareous nannoplankton were preserved, however, the calcareous foraminifera were dissolved indicating that deposition was near the carbonate compensation depth (CCD). The Danian foraminiferal fauna indicates a depositional depth of upper to middle bathyal, at about 2000 meters. The level of the CCD must have changed considerably at this time. Another fluctuation in the CCD occurred at the end of the Danian as is represented by a zone without carbonate deposition. A hiatus probably exists between the Paleocene and ?Oligoceneearly Miocene sediments. More recent arenaceous assemblages indicate lower bathyal to abyssal conditions. The sea floor of the abyssal plain has subsided to a depth of about 3000-4000 meters, and the continental rise at Site 325 to about 2000-3000 meters. Even arenaceous benthonic foraminifera are missing from sediments younger than early Miocene, and deposition consisted almost exclusively of siliceous fossils.


Recent studies show the promising ability of cross-polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for high-wind-speed monitoring. However, no dual-polarization (dual-pol) geophysical model functions (GMFs) have thus far been established. In this paper, we first address the difference between dual-pol and quad-pol VH radar returns with respect to wind speed and show the necessity of having a VH dual-pol GMF for ScanSAR images, for remote sensing of mesoscale wind processes, such as hurricanes. By collocating VH dual-pol RADARSAT-2 SAR measurements with in situ buoy winds, a VH dual-pol GMF was developed after introducing a denoise procedure to increase the signal-to-noise ratio for SAR measurements. Study results suggest that the VH dual-pol radar returns have a linear monotonic piecewise increasing dependence on wind speed, with decreasing scatter in high winds. Successful application of the GMF to high-wind-speed retrieval for hurricane Gustav in 2008 suggests that VH mode SAR images do not exhibit signal saturation or the speed ambiguity problem that affects copolarization SAR images for high-wind-speed retrieval. This result supports the potential future application of VH dual-pol SAR images to hurricane monitoring.


In this paper, a novel approach with field-circuit cosimulation and design of the receiver front-end at X-band is introduced. The design of an integrated four-channel transceiver module is firstly demonstrated, then, the field-circuit cosimulation based on the field simulation tool named Computer Simulation Technology (CST) and the circuit simulation tool named Advanced Design System (ADS) is given. Finally, the measurement results are given, in agreement with the simulation results. In conclusion, a novel method of designing radio frequency (RF) circuit's incorporating field-circuit co-simulation is presented to achieve a precise design of the receiver front-end, with practical engineering value, realizing the precise analysis of receiver front-end.


The Jurassic-Cretaceous Great Artesian basin occupies most of the interior of eastern Australia. The subsurface geology of this area before 1960 was virtually unknown. Extensive geophysical surveys and wildcat drilling have been undertaken during the past few years, mainly in Queensland and northeastern South Australia. The results of this work, made public under provisions of the Petroleum Search Subsidy Acts of the Commonwealth of Australia, have delineated three new petroliferous provinces: the Surat basin (Permo-Triassic) of southeastern Queensland, Adavale basin (Devonian-Carboniferous) of south-central Queensland, and Cooper Creek basin (Cambrian-Permian) of northeastern South Australia and southwestern Queensland. The subsurface extent of the Drummond basin (Devoni n-Carboniferous) and the Lake Galilee basin (Permian) of north-central Queensland has not been delineated fully. Oil and gas are produced from Permian, Triassic, and Jurassic reservoirs in the Surat basin, and gas has been found in the Middle Devonian of the Adavale basin and in the Permian of the Cooper Creek basin. A fair oil show was found in the Permian(?) of the Lake Galilee basin. A regular progression in time and space is noted with respect to regional metamorphism across the Great Artesian basin, suggesting eastward shift of the Tasman geosynclinal complex form Proterozoic to Permian time. End_of_Article - Last_Page 637------------


We extend the canonical Baron–Ferejohn model of majoritarian legislative bargaining in order to analyze the effects of partisanship on bargaining outcomes. We consider three legislators, two of whom are party affiliated, with each partisan placing some value on the share of the dollar obtained by his copartisan in addition to his own share. We characterize the equilibrium of our model as a function of the strength of party affiliation and the degree to which the legislators have concern for the future; and we determine how the equilibrium varies in response to changes in these two parameters. We show how partisanship advantages the affiliated legislators relative to the nonpartisan and identify the circumstances in which a majority party legislator proposes a bipartisan outcome.


The relative placement of records in a database has a significant impact on the overall system performance. In this paper we study three related assignment problems. They are (1) the assignment of records to devices so as to minimize the expected completion time and to maximize the expected utilization of the devices, (2) the assignment of records to pages or blocks in secondary memory so as to minimize the number of blocks to be accessed, and (3) the analysis of the performance of a hashing scheme under the assumption that the record-to-bucket probability varies from one bucket to another. The solutions to these problems are obtained by studying an occupancy problem. In each case, an optimal solution is obtained.


Because of the higher concentration of influent pollutants and low efficiency of sludge dewatering machine in the Wuhan Nantaizi Lake Sewage Treatment Plant,a lot of sludge was unable to be discharged in time,the sludge concentration in oxidation ditch was about 7 000 mg/L for a long time,and the operation cost was higher.The analysis shows that the low sludge concentration in sludge equalization tank is responsible for the low efficiency of sludge dewatering machine in absence of concentration tank.The equalization tank was divided into stirring zone and sedimentation zone in which the decanter was used to decant clean water with a view to increase the sludge concentration in the equalization.The addition of sedimentation zone and decanter increases sludge dewatering quantity and decreases sludge concentration and energy consumption in oxidation ditch.The method has advantages of less investment,quick return,easy maintenance management,good effluent quality and so on,meriting promotion.