Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has co-evolved with humans over tens of thousands of years. While its role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer is widely acknowledged, less publicized is the multi-faceted physiological function that H. pylori plays as a commensal in the human gastric microbiome. Recent evidence has highlighted the role of H. pylori as an immune modulator with increasing evidence of an inverse association between H. pylori colonization and immune-mediated disorders including asthma and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, there is burgeoning evidence to suggest that H. pylori modulates satiety hormones, including leptin and ghrelin, that may influence appetite and contribute to weight control. Yet another issue is the relationship of H. pylori to gastric acid secretion, gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD] and the rising incidence of adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus. The role of H. pylori in chronic gastric inflammation is well established. Almost all patients infected with H. pylori exhibit histological chronic active inflammation, even those who are asymptomatic. The association of H. pylori with peptic ulceration, particularly duodenal ulceration, is also clear. Whereas peptic ulceration was estimated to affect at least 10% of the human population in the mid-20th century, current prevalence rates have substantially decreased because of falling rates of H. pylori infection, eradication regimens, fewer smokers, and the widespread use of medication to reduce gastric acid secretion. Gastric cancer is mostly associated with H. pylori [80%–90%] and will develop in approximately 1% of infected individuals over their lifetime. However, the risk of gastric malignancy varies widely between different populations with a greater incidence of H. pylori-associated cancer in Eastern and Central Asia [approximately 30 per 100 000 males], compared to regions of North and East Africa [approximately 5 per 100 000 males]. Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [MALT] lymphoma is a rare disease but is almost always associated with H. pylori and may resolve with eradication of the infection. The 2015 Kyoto global consensus report on H. pylori gastritis recommends that all patients with this condition should receive eradication therapy, regardless of the presence of peptic ulcer or the background risk of gastric cancer. This recommendation promotes the belief that "the only good H. pylori is a dead H. pylori" and includes the assumption that the infection is associated with few, if any, beneficial effects. With the passage of time, this recommendation may need to be re-examined in the light of new epidemiological data that suggests a relationship between H. pylori infection and lower risks for obesity and important gastrointestinal diseases such as IBD, GERD, and esophageal cancer. Arguably, the management of obesity and its complications poses the greatest challenge to health care in the current era. Clearly, the most important risk factors are related to diet and lifestyle. Whether H. pylori infection is associated with lower body weight is less clear but appears to apply in some lower-income countries. This effect may be related to changes in the intestinal microbiome or to the effects of gastric infection on levels of appetite-related hormones such as leptin and ghrelin. Although the main source of leptin is adipose tissue, leptin is also produced by gastric chief and parietal cells and released in response to meals and hormonal signals. Leptin signals satiety to the hypothalamus and is followed by diverse effects including increased energy expenditure and reduced gastric acid secretion. In contrast, ghrelin is released from oxyntic cells during fasting and reduces energy expenditure while increasing appetite and gastric acid secretion. In individuals colonized with H. pylori, leptin levels are higher than in uninfected controls. Conversely, ghrelin levels substantially increase with eradication of H. pylori. Both effects have the potential to stimulate hunger, adipose tissue deposition, and growth hormone release. This is supported by clinical studies showing slower weight gain in infected compared to uninfected children and weight gain after the eradication of H. pylori. Whether these metabolic effects of H. pylori are beneficial in low socioeconomic areas with marginal food availability remains unclear. However, rising rates of obesity in developed countries [where the H. pylori prevalence is falling], support the possibility of a link between H. pylori and weight control, perhaps mediated by hormonal factors. Several studies have shown a lower-than-expected frequency of H. pylori in patients with a variety of allergic disorders such as asthma and allergic rhinitis and immunologic disorders such as IBD. One possibility is that H. pylori has a specific effect on immune tolerance while another is that the presence of H. pylori is a non-specific marker of exposure to a more contaminated environment. The latter is widely recognized as the "hygiene hypothesis." Recent meta-analyses indicate that H. pylori colonization reduces the risk of IBD by 38%–52%. This may be related to an effect of H. pylori on systemic immune homeostasis with the induction of tolerant dendritic cells and immunosuppressive regulatory T cells. These ideas are supported by murine models of colitis showing suppression of systemic inflammation in the presence of H. pylori infection. Whether the beneficial effects of H. pylori are lost after eradication of the infection remain unclear. Of interest was a recent study showing that regulatory T cells induced by H. pylori were able to skew the adaptive immune response towards immune tolerance with effects on T cell responses to other allergens and auto-allergens. These effects have the potential to reduce the risk of asthma and other allergic disorders. For clinical gastroenterologists, the final potential benefit of H. pylori lies in the links between gastric infection with H. pylori, GERD, Barrett's esophagus, and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. In several countries, increasing rates of reflux doi:10.1002/jgh3.12842


Fly Ash has been of interest for building
materials since ancient times owing to its cementitious
properties. The pozzolanic materials were obtained
from the areas near volcanoes and used in
construction. In modern day the thermal power plants
are the largest source of Fly ash. One of the major
solution provided for its disposal was to incorporate
the fly ash in concrete and use it for various purposes.
The study compares the compressive behaviour of
Low Volume Fly Ash Concrete (LVFAC) and High
Volume Fly Ash Concrete (HVFAC) in partial
replacement of natural aggregates with stone dust and
recycled aggregates. The specimens were tested at 28
days to determine the compressive strength. The study
determined the effectiveness of Fly ash in enhancing
the compressive strength of concrete


This paper aims at providing a frame for evaluating characterization from the standard of creative writing theories, and at analysing works by the...


: Julie Thompson Klein's contributions to interdisciplinary and transdisci-plinary research have enriched the way collaboration is discussed and handled by introducing concepts of boundary work and boundary crossing from the field of Science and Technology Studies. In recent years, she has been integrating those concepts into crossdisciplinarity, an effort culminating in the development of a framework for a forthcoming book ( Beyond Interdisciplinarity: Boundary Work, Collaboration, and Communication in the 21st Century ). With her permission, we have used an earlier version of her framework to analyze boundary work and boundary crossing in transdisciplinary sustainable water management projects in Australia and Switzer-land. The aim of using the framework has been twofold: to explore and assess the


Abstract This paper is designed to explore the challenges confronting the improvement of literacy and numeracy skills of prison inmates as perceived by prison inmates themselves. The study adopted a qualitative approach and used a focus group discussion to obtain data from seven prison inmates who were teachers in the school within the Nigerian prison system. The study identified emotional and behavioral problems associated with incarceration, lack of educational resources and inability to ascertain teachers' educational qualifications as some of the challenges militating against the literacy and numeracy skills of prison inmates. On the basis of the study it was recommended that the government employ counseling psychologist to help resolve the emotional and behavioral problems of prison inmates as well as specialist adult educators able to take account of the life circumstances of their students. Implementing these recommendations will improve the literacy and numeracy skills of prison inmates, which will in turn contribute to their effective rehabilitation.


Exclusive : 4M's Stability On The Job On The Gemba [1]. A five days workshop in a shop of your company. Alternatively theory / immediate practice for the first two days, Complements and specifics the next three days, Methodology accompaniment and practice on the job and on the gemba for the 5 days, 4M's are Material, Manpower, Machines, Methods. These are the 4 class for sorting root causes of problems in a manufacturing company. 4M's stability is part of the foundation of Toyota (...)


AIM: To observe the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (rhGLP-1) (7-36) on decreasing blood glucose and stimulating the insulin secretion in mice and rabbits,and how the actions depend on the glucose levels. METHODS: After subcutaneous injection of rhGLP-1(7-36) at different doses in different animal models,the serum was collected and the values of blood glucose and insulin were measured. RESULTS: After subcutaneous injection of rhGLP-1 (7-36) at different doses in normal C57 mice and rabbits,no obvious changes of the levels of blood glucose and insulin secretion was found,which suggested rhGLP-1 (7-36) did not affect the levels of blood glucose and the action of insulin secretion. For the mice and rabbits given doses of glucose 2 and 3 g·kg -1 respectively,rhGLP-1 (7-36) had the effects of increasing insulin secretion,and lowering the level of blood glucose strongly,which suggested rhGLP-1(7-36) had obvious effect of increasing insulin secretion depending on the level of glucose. In the glucose tolerance test (GTT),rhGLP-1 (7-36) of 16 μg·kg -1 increased the insulin secretion of rabbit given glucose,and had the effect of lowering the glucose curve obviously,which showed the rhGLP-1(7-36) could improve the tolerance to glucose of rabbits. CONCLUSION: rhGLP-1 (7-36) has the effect of lowering the levels of glucose. However,it has no effect on the normal level of glucose.


In essentially all common models of the psi particles off-diagonal couplings such as psi'psi$pi$$pi$ are expected to be greatly suppressed relative to diagonal couplings such as psipsi$pi$$pi$. It is pointed out that this is counter-indicated by the data, leading to important constraints on model building. (AIP)


The effects of methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid on the polypeptide pattern of soluble proteins as well as in vivo protein and RNA synthesis and endogenous nuclear RNA polymerase activity were compared in excised marrow cotyledons grown in the light. Treatment of cotyledons with MeJA resulted in the induction of two abundant polypeptide bands with Mr 43 and 60 kDa and a significant accumulation of a polypeptide band with Mr 97.4 kDa as analysed by SDS–PAGE. In contrast to MeJA, ABA did not cause the formation of these specific polypeptide bands. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of ABA on protein and RNA biosynthesis as well as the activity of total endogenous RNA polymerases was much stronger than the effect of MeJA. It is suggested that in excised marrow cotyledons MeJA and ABA act by different mechanisms in the regulation of cotyledon growth and development during the earlier stages of germination.


Taking Dendrobium candidumas material,wet u1trafine grinding technology was used to extract Dendrobium candidumpolysaccharide.The effect of gap of mill teeth,ratio of solid to liquid,extraction temperature and extraction time on yield of polysaccharide were studied by single factor test,and orthogonal test was used to optimum extraction conditions.The results showed that optimum conditions were gap of mill teeth 30μm,ratio of solid to liquid 1∶14g/mL,extraction temperature 70℃and extraction time 31min.The yield of Dendrobiumc andidumpolysaccharide was 16.48%.Wet u1trafine grinding extraction was a suitable method for extraction of Dendrobium candidum polysaccharide.


We report the preliminary results of our numerical simulations of the Galactic chemical evolution of stable isotopes from 1H to 69Ga. The Galaxy was formed in two episodes of accretion: an early rapid accretionary episode, followed by a declining accretion rate. Successive generations of 1-100 M stars were numerically simulated to evolve in a realist manner the entire evolution of the Galaxy since the initiation of its formation. This is perhaps the first attempt to numerically simulate the Galactic chemical evolution without solving the classical set of integro-differential equations. We could successfully simulate the history of star formation rate, the white-dwarf, neutron star and black hole generation rate of the Galaxy in the solar neighborhood. Further, we could explain the stable isotopic abundance of 1H to 69Ga at the time of formation of the solar system around 4.5 billion years ago.


In this article, we pursue to determine which mining firms have seen their stock returns become more sensitive to fluctuations in energy prices, over a time period predominated by the political turmoil caused by 9/11 and the subsequent invasion of Iraq. By resorting to wavelets and spatial statistics, we characterize the behavior of volatility and the degree of co-movement of the stock returns of ten leading mining firms operating in the Asia-Pacific region: Alcan Inc., Antofagasta, Barrick Gold Corp., BHP Billiton, International Nickel Ind., Peabody Energy, Phelps Dodge Corp, Rio Tinto plc., Teca Cominco Ltd., and Yanzhou Coal Mining Co.


Due to the rapid development of the industry, the requirement of the power quality is more rigorous than ever. In spite of a short period of time of power outage, it will lead to a large amount of loss. In order to reduce the occurrence of power outage, the development of a power quality monitoring system is essential. At the present time, some power companies equipped many high technology companies and their own distribution system with monitoring facilities of the power quality. Because of the building of the monitoring system, many departments' information about power quality of the power company can be integrated and shared with each other. In order to monitor the states of the system, this paper presents the design of a database management system to store the data of power quality and a friendly man-machine interface. In this paper, the concept of the Web database is used to set up the system, and the technique of 3-tiers client/server architecture is adopted. Users can operate this system through the browser. According to the users' authorities, they can request the data show, graphical display or modification of the database.


Commentary on: Willett K , Keene DJ , Mistry D , et al . Close contact casting vs surgery for initial treatment of unstable ankle fractures in older adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016;316:1455–63.[OpenUrl][1]

Surgery has been considered the mainstay of treatment for unstable ankle fractures. Early mobilisation and weight bearing is possible with stable anatomic fracture fixation (open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)). Surgery also increases the risk of wound problems. This study compared outcomes among older adults with ankle fractures who received ORIF versus close contact casting.

This study was prospective, powered and randomised to determine the outcomes at 6 months of adults aged 60 years or older using the Olerund-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS). Patients were randomised to casting or surgery (ORIF) in a 1:1 ratio. The surgeons were trained in the casting technique before the study. If casting failed and the patient underwent ORIF, …

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The steady and fast development of surface and interfacial science have set up innova- tive openings for new diagnostic probes for analytical characterization of the adsorbates and determination of the microscopic structure of surfaces and interfaces. Regrettably Raman spectroscopy, being a weak scattering surface phenomenon, had seized no part in it, until the discovery and development of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) in the early 1970's that has opened up broad research fields both in the physics and chemistry of interfaces. The discovery of SERS by Fleischmann and coworkers in 1974 at the University of Southampton, United Kingdom is closely connected with the electrochemical systems. They reported an extraordinary million-fold enhancement of weak Raman signal from pyridine molecules adsorbed onto electrochemically roughened silver electrode compared to that from free molecules in liquid environment. In early 1976, Richard P. Van Duyne and David Jeanmaire at Northwestern University observed the effect and in early 1977, M. G. Albrecht and J. A. Creighton reported similar observation. This review article deals with the development of SERS research with special importance is given to the fabrication of various SERS-active substrates, mechanism of SERS effect and its various potential applications ranging from sensors to biomedical applications. The top-down nanolithography and associated nanoimprint lithographic-based fabrication techniques were employed to fabricate highly ordered metallic nanostructures array. In this technique, a layer of polymeric photoresist (positive or negative) is cast on the solid substrates (such as Si, glass, or Au film). It was followed by direct patterning on the photoresist surface or indirect patterning with the assistance of a mold using ultraviolet (UV) light, an electron beam, or a focused ion beam. Afterward, the residual photoresist can be utilized as a mold, on which SERS-active metals are deposited by a physical vapor deposition technique under vacuum conditions. The mold was lifted off and a highly ordered nanostructured SERS-active substrate with a structure identical or complementary to that of the mold is formed. Highly ordered and uniform SERS active substrates with interparticle spacings below 10 nm can be produced by employing the nanolithographic method with a broad variety of shapes and geometries. However, nanolithographic techniques are still time-consuming and very expen-sive due to the use of high energy focused ion beam (FIB) or electron beam (EB) for the fabri cation of the SERS substrate with a large area. Both, FIB and EB lithographic techniques can be employed to make molds for the nanoimprint lithography technique. In the nanoimprint lithographic technique, the desired nanopatterns are produced by direct writing on the Si or quartz slide by using an electron beam, which can be subsequently used as the mold. Next, the mold is aligned and pressed into the photoresist covering on the substrate and finally, the mold is lifted off after curing. Subsequently, the substrate is deposited with the desired metal to be used as an SERS active substrate. A highly ordered nanostructure with good SERS activity can be fabricated by completely removing the photoresist. Nanoimprint lithographic techniques are more efficient and inexpensive as compared to nanolithographic techniques. nanosphere In this technique, highly ordered single or multi-layer colloidal crystal templates are produced from the self-assembly of monodispersed


Several studies pointed out the promising use of nutritional diagnosis methods for the determination of optimum nutrient contents and critical levels in plant tissues. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the optimum nutrient content for soybean, estimated by the Mathematical Chance (ChM), Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) methods. The optimum nutrient contents estimated by DRIS and CND where identical to the mean content in the reference population. Apart from the nutrients Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, the optimum contents were also equal or in close proximity to the mean nutrient contents of the reference population by the ChM method. The ChM, DRIS and CND methods proved promising for the calibration of optimal nutrient contents for soybean based on data obtained from nutrient monitoring of commercial fields.


Part 1 Prologue: "Time to Raise an Outcry" - German judges oppose the forces of reactions the enforcement of conformity the judges of the Weimar republic. Part 2 The German legal system from 1933 to 1945: the Reichstag Fire Trial jurists "Coordinate" themselves the legal system during the state of emergency treason and treachery - political opposition and the courts purges at the bar nazi jurisprudence civil servants become the Fuhrer's political troops creation of the concentration camps "Protecting the Race" the courts and eugenics the euthanasia programme "defenders of the law" - the Supreme court as a Court of Appeals arbitrary decisions in everyday life the people's court summary courts of the "Inner Front" - jurisdiction of the special courts "Correcting" decisions - the judicial system and the police the legal officers' corps - military courts in the Second world War resistance from the bench. Part 3 Aftermath: collapse and reconstruction restoration in the legal system coming to terms with the past the opposition goes on trial again law schools punishing nazi criminals the deserving and the undeserving - reparations for the criminals and their victims jurists on trial injustice confirmed a latter-day "Condemnation" of nazi justice an attempt at an explanation.


The use of multifunction additives in the lubricant sector has attracted great interest due to their ability to simultaneously improve and add multiple functions. This work describes the preparation and evaluation of over-based magnesium stearate detergent as a multifunction additive by the reaction of stearic acid with carbon dioxide gas in the presence of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and ammonia. The prepared over-based magnesium stearate was evaluated as a multifunction additive through blending it in various concentrations of 1-5 wt/wt% with sixty stock lubricating oils. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the Institute of Petroleum (IP) were used to determine the total base number (TBN), viscosity index (VI), pour point (PP), rust prevention, copper corrosion inhibition, and oxidation stability. The over-based magnesium stearate detergent gave higher values for TBN and detergency efficiency. The blended oil with one percent of the prepared additive showed more rust, oxidation, and corrosion resistance than the standard antioxidant (hindered phenol HP). The VI values of the blended oils showed that the 5 wt/wt% over-based magnesium stearate, which has approximately the same VI values as the blend with 5% of the standard olefin copolymer (OCP), provides better performance.


It can be challenging for people in an innovation project to develop a shared understanding of the project's overall vision and of what they need to do practically—especially if the project is organized as networked innovation and follows a designerly approach. Yet shared understanding is critical for success. Based on an explorative study of one innovation project, in which ICT applications are developed, we discuss the ways in which the development and evaluation of scenarios and demonstrators can help the people involved to develop a shared understanding. Furthermore, we propose several recommendations for managers of innovation projects for effectively organizing the development and evaluation of scenarios and demonstrators.


Introduction: Health authorities are increasingly focused on the prevalence of psychological distress amongst children with critical or chronic physical illness. Whilst collaborative care models are regarded as optimal in delivering high-quality mental health care, the complexity of inter-professional teamwork can challenge implementation. This qualitative study sought to explore health professionals' perceptions of, and experiences with, an integrated model of mental health care in paediatric heart disease. Methods: Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 health professionals from a range of disciplines (paediatric cardiology, neonatology, nursing, social work, health administration) providing clinical care for children with heart disease within the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network (SCHN), Australia. Interviews explored four key domains: (a) acceptability and feasibility of an integrated mental health service dedicated to childhood heart disease, (b) perceived value and efficacy of the model in improving care and health outcomes, (c) impact of the work on staff and their coping responses, and (d) desire for additional training and support in implementing psychologically-informed paediatric care. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically using NVivo12. Results: Participants described significant and enduring emotional challenges experienced by children with heart disease and their families. Integrated mental health services were highly valued and perceived as offering specialised psychological assessment and care. Psychologists and social workers within the service were perceived as having an in-depth understanding of patients' medical experiences, and the service was viewed as accessible and responsive. Participants expressed confidence in the skills of the mental health clinicians, and comfort discussing psychosocial concerns with their colleagues. Tensions between physical and mental health care models were identified. Most participants reported uncertainty about their role in delivering mental health care, viewing their engagement largely as referrers and describing a lack of confidence in their mental health care skills. While participants perceived psychological care as improving patient health and wellbeing, some raised challenges associated with routine psychosocial assessment, including inadequate resources to meet demand, differing patient needs, and patient willingness and capacity to engage given competing demands.  Several participants expressed a desire for more training, particularly regarding communication with families about mental health. Discussion & Conclusion: There is international concern that children with comorbid physical and mental health care needs lack adequate access to high-quality mental health services. Accessibility can be optimised by integrating services. While mental health care is highly valued by health professionals providing care to children with heart disease, there are challenges associated with interdisciplinary work. Balancing differing beliefs, expectations and priorities requires continued interprofessional collaboration. Lessons learned: Models of integrated mental health care that inspire active interdisciplinary collaboration and are co-designed with patients, families, health professionals and other key stakeholders, are likely to have greatest success in sustainable implementation. Limitations: The transferability of these findings outside of the SCHN Cardiac Service is unknown. Suggestions for future research: Increased focus on innovative implementation strategies designed to yield sustainable collaborative care in physical and mental health settings is needed. Exploring the impact of ongoing stakeholder consultation is one avenue for future integrated care research.


components analysis, they could have utilized it—or other common data reduction techniques. That would have made it easier to compare their study rigorously with other international surveys about national attitudes. Their unit of analysis is the "structure or pattern of Japanese attitudes." On this basis, they predict that Japan will probably neither experience any revolutionary upheaval nor will the Japanese language (and presumably Japan) disappear. The relationships between attitudes and behavior are complex and often quite tenuous. Institutional, organizational, other social structural factors, and the objectives of other nations need to be considered in such a complex prediction about historical events. There are some spelling errors, suggesting the need for some rigorous proof reading, such as "moaning" for meaning, and "in tact" for intact, and "pounds" for ponds in the Katsura garden, among others. The authors are to be commended for selecting and organizing their longitudinal data, presenting their complex findings logically, and relating them to other scholarship about Japanese culture.


Paper description: Light-induced changes in plant traits can result in light-differential herbivory. Usually plants in the shade are more damaged. In dioecious species plant sex can influence the outcome of plant-herbivore interactions, with male-biased herbivory suggested to be the rule. The simultaneous effects of light and plant sex on herbivory, plant morphological, defensive and nutritional quality traits were not previously explored. In shade tolerant species, herbivore pressure was higher at sun exposed sites. Light affected intersexual differences in defensive and nutritional quality traits. However these did not result in sex-biased herbivory. Plant morphological traits influenced herbivory rather than chemical defense. Abstract: Interactions between plants and herbivorous insects can be shaped by light environment, resulting in differential herbivory in sun and shade. In dioecious species, the combination of plant sex and light-induced changes in defense traits and nutritive value can alter the patterns of foliar damage. We explored the combined effects of light environment and plant sex on natural herbivore damage and plant traits in the dioecious understory forb Mercurialis perennis on Mt. Kopaonik (Serbia). The role of plant traits in predicting the extent of damage was examined as well. Male and female plants from contrasting light environments (shade vs . sun) were analyzed with respect to leaf damage, as well as plant morphological and biochemical traits (size, specific leaf area, carbon-based defensive compounds and nutritional quality). We found prominent differences in herbivore damage between sun and shade conditions, but not between the sexes. Plants from the sun-exposed site had a significantly larger leaf area removed. The specific leaf area co-varied with herbivore damage in an inverse fashion, while leaf nutritional value had a moderate effect. Contrasting light conditions influenced the patterns of intersexual differences in the contents of condensed tannins and soluble proteins, with females exhibiting higher trait values. We found that factors defining risk of consumption were related to plant morphological traits and nutritive value rather than to chemical defenses. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS171207007S Received: December 7, 2017; Revised: January 16, 2018; Accepted: February 11, 2018; Published online: March 1, 2018 How to cite this article: Selakovic SD, Stanisavljevic NS, Vujic VD, Rubinjoni LZ, Jovanovic ŽS, Radovic SR, Cvetkovic DD. Light and sex interplay: differential herbivore damage in sun and shade in dioecious Mercurialis perennis . Arch Biol Sci. 2018;70(3):…


Purpose: For diseases with complex phenotype such as diabetic nephropathy (DN), integration of multiple Omics sources promises an improved description of the disease pathophysiology, being the basis for novel diagnostics and therapy, but equally important personalization aspects.


Organic light-emitting diode fabrication is suffering from extremely high material wasting during deposition especially using a typical point or even line source. Moreover, the need of depositing a high number of emitters and host(s) with a precise composition control in a single layer makes traditional vapor codeposition systems nearly impossible, unless otherwise with a very low yield. To improve, we have developed a novel thin-film deposition system with a planar source loadable with any premetered solvent-mixed organic compounds, plausibly with no component number limitation. We hence demonstrate experimentally, along with a Monte Carlo simulation, in the report the feasibility of using the technique to deposit on a large area-size substrate various organic materials with a relatively high material utilization rate coupling with high film uniformity. Specifically, nonuniformity of less than ±5% and material utilization rate of greater than 70% have been obtained for the studied films.


With advanced technology in medicine and biology, data sets containing information could be huge and complex that sometimes are difficult to handle. Dynamic computing is an efficient approach to solve some problems. Since multigranulation rough sets were proposed, many algorithms have been designed for updating approximations in multigranulation rough sets, but they are not efficient enough in terms of computational time. The purpose of this study is to further reduce the computational time of updating approximations in multigranulation rough sets. First, searching regions in data sets for updating approximations in multigranulation rough sets are shrunk. Second, matrix-based approaches for updating approximations in multigranulation rough set are proposed. The incremental algorithms for updating approximations in multigranulation rough sets are then designed. Finally, the efficiency and validity of the designed algorithms are verified by experiments.


Character education is important within the Christian tradition but tends to be viewed with suspicion by educators who privilege autonomy as the aim of a liberal education. Equally, Christians may have concerns that character education places too great an emphasis upon good works rather than God's grace. This article reasons that character education need not be indoctrinatory, in the pejorative sense, on the one hand nor conflated with Christianity on the other. It shows that Christian‐ethos schools can promote the autonomy of their students in matters of religion while also providing character education that enables them to choose well. Research from a case study of character education in a school with a Christian ethos is drawn upon to illustrate the capacity such schools have for sharing values while disagreeing about their sources. This is seen as an important feature of character education that is critical and also fosters a tolerant, respectful and inclusive school and society. It is suggested that acknowledging this complexity demonstrates an appreciation of the value of the Christian tradition in character education and within schooling. It also clearly distinguishes between being a Christian and being of good character.


This paper improves spatial pyramid kernel (SPK) and proposes a relevance learning approach to compare performer's poses in a large dance archive, the NRCD collection1. Domain knowledge of Choreutics is exploited to define pose topics and a selection operator is developed for pose topic matching. The visual structure descriptor of self similarity (SSF) is extended to hierarchical self similarity (HSSF) to keep shape context. The framework of Bag-of-Visual Words (BOVW) is applied to encode as well as to speed up the matching on pose topics/topic combinations. This alleviates the complexity in limb allocation which is infeasible in our data. Extensive experiments show that the new approach outperforms the original SPK in both precision and robustness.


In the literature on the trust problem, and especially in the studies made by the Federal Trade Commission of various large-scale industries, there frequently recur attempts to determine the existence or the absence of monopoly control by objective study of the behavior of the prices of the products of the particular industries under investigation. Little, if anything, has hitherto been done, however, to develop a systematic and comprehensive formulation of the normal behavior of a truly competitive price structure and to list and analyze the price manifestations which are presumptive of the existence of monopoly control. A recent study by Professors H. Parker Willis and John R. B. Byers,' although it was undertaken on behalf of a group of cement producers and has for its object the demonstration that cement prices are competitive, nevertheless makes a significant contribution to the important task of establishing sound generalizations with respect to the normal behavior of competitive prices. The question as to whether or not the cement industry is competitive is of no special concern to the writer of this note, and the following examination of the tests applied by the authors and of the conclusions they derive therefrom is motivated solely by an interest in the theoretical questions raised by their technique and in its general serviceability. The authors show that Portland cement prices had risen 75 per cent above the I9I3 level by December, I923, as compared to an average rise of 78 per cent in the prices of all building materials during the same period. According to the authors, the price of cement thus meets the test of competitive price, that its upward movement should not be much, if at all, in excess of the upward movement of other related commodities. This test is obviously difficult to apply with certainty, since differences in the trends of prices of different commodities may be due to a host of special factors other than differences


Neon flying squid( Ommastrephes bartramii) in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean is one of the important economic cephalopods of China mainland,Japan and Chinese Taiwan squid jigging fleets. How to balance the fisheries interests and how to make the scientific fishery management programs by considering the biological,economic and social benefits is one of the important contents in the sustainable utilization of fishery resources. A multi-fleet bio-economic model was established using fishery catch data and correlative fishing economic data from the squid fishery in China mainland,Japan and Chinese Taiwan squid jigging fleets,and simulated the dynamic changes of O. bartramii fishery development during the period 1997 to 2047 in each squid jigging fleet. And it also discussed the dynamic variations of fishing efforts,biomass,yield,fishery profits,and corresponding accumulative yields and profits over 50 years under different management programs in each squid jigging fleet. The results showed that the biomass of the O. bartramii has been decreasing significantly in the first 10 years with the dynamic variation of fishing efforts under all fishery management programs. And it gradually stabilized and maintained at a low level after long-term fluctuations. From the long-term benefits,the accumulative yield and profits were medium under the fishery management program 9,i. e.,increasing catchability coefficient of Chinese Taiwan fleet,and this scenario could balance the economic and social benefits in different squid jigging fleets of the three countries and regions,so it was suggested as reference management program of O. bartramii fishery. From the perspective of squid resources conservation,the biomass of O. bartramii was maintained well under the management program 4,i. e.,increasing the fishing costs of China mainland squid jigging fleet. So we can optimize this scenario and make it as the reference management program,i. e.,increasing the fishing costs of China mainland fleet,while appropriate to reduce the catchability coefficient of the Japanese fleet. This could ensure the biomass of O. bartramii maintain at a higher level.


In this paper we investigate the application of bounding volume hierarchies in collision detection among densely packed fiber assemblies like hair strands or cable looms. In particular, we glance at collision detection algorithms with sub-quadratic upper bound and their practicability and performance in complex dynamic hair scenes. Unlike common collision detection techniques our approach exploits the topological structure of the underlying filament assembly and allows for fast hierarchy updates in dynamic deformable scenes. Furthermore, we compare hierarchies of the wrapped and the layered type and show the feasibility of fiber based collision detection on full human hair models. We simulate each fiber of an assembly by means of Cosserat rod models. Keywords—collision detection, fiber assemblies, hair modeling, wrapped / layered hierarchies, COSSERAT rods


The invention relates to a method for cast-rolling to produce aluminum substrates used in PS plates directly by electrolytic aluminum liquid; the main steps are as follows: electrolyzing the aluminum liquid under the high temperature, smelter hearth, adjusting element compositions, refining, conducting the furnace, adjusting the temperature to 740 DEG C to 750 DEG C, adding Al-Ti-B refiners to carry out the grain refinement, degassing, filtering, cast-rolling coils of strip, cool rolling, stretch bending and straightening, and producing finished products; various steps of the invention are synthesized to optimize technique parameters; the prepared aluminum substrates used in the PS plates is high in tensile strength and elongation, and the quality of the prepared aluminum substrates are better than that of similar products, thus omitting the remelting process when aluminum ingots are used, saving resources, reducing the production cost and increasing the economic and social benefits.


Abstract The interpretation of the »new covenant« in Jer 31:31–34 hinges on how to understand Yhwh's promise to write his Torah on the heart of the Israelites. According to a widely held view, the latter aims at abrogating the institutions of the book of the Torah and its handing down by means of teaching and learning. From this point of view, Jer 31:31–34 seems to exhibit a decidedly anti-Deuteronomistic outlook. In the present article, this view is confronted with more recent insights into the oral-written interface and its role in scribal education, the basic assumption being that such education is the lifeworld presupposition behind the promise of writing on the heart.


Previous research indicates that stressor exposure increases risk of severe depressive mood in iron deficient Hispanic women (Rahn 2007). Iron status, severity of depressive mood (Beck depression inventory, BDI), and salivary cortisol concentration were assessed in 48 female Mexican factory workers from the state of Morelos. Iron status measures were hemoglobin, ferritin, protoporphyrin, MCV and transferrin saturation. Salivary cortisol was sampled as a biological marker of stress for 2 successive days. The area under the cortisol concentration curve (AUC) over 7 daytime hours was estimated. Fatigue was assessed with the Fatigue Severity Scale. Mean age was 29 years; mean hemoglobin was 131 g/L (SD=18) and ranged from 8.8 to 16.1 g/L. Anemia with iron depletion occurred in 25% of subjects, while severe depressive mood (BDI score≥29) was found in 31%. The outcome of the logistic regression analysis was risk of severe depressive mood (BDI ≥29) compared to the reference group (BDI<29). Hemoglobin (continuous) and AUC (


PREMISE
Those co-flowering species that have not evolved an avoidance mechanism may exhibit tolerance to heterospecific pollen (HP) deposition as an adaptive strategy to minimize any deleterious effects of HP transfer, but empirical evidence for the tolerance hypothesis remains scarce.

METHODS
To estimate the potential effects of heterospecific pollen deposition (HPD) on female reproductive success, we counted conspecific (CP) and HP pollen grains deposited on stigmas and assessed subsequent seed set of both open- and hand-pollinated flowers in three co-flowering Silene species with exposed stigmas that usually received numerous HP grains on the elongated receptive area.

RESULTS
HP percent per flower varied from 16.6% to 43.0% among three species. Silene chungtienensis experienced lower HP percent and the CP-HP relationship was neutral, S. gracilicaulis and S. yunnanensis experienced relatively higher HP percent and the CP-HP relationship was positive. Positive effects of CP and HP number on natural seed set were observed in all three species, but stronger negative effects of HP percent in S. chungtienensis and S. gracilicaulis. In hand-pollinated flowers of the three Silene species there was no decrease in seed set with HP whether CP was in excess or insufficient, indicating no negative effects of HPD on seed production.

CONCLUSIONS
Consistent with the tolerance hypothesis, our results indicated that species experiencing higher HP interference are likely to be tolerant to an increase of HP percent. These species with generalist-pollinated flowers and exposed large stigmas may benefit from an increase of conspecific pollen deposition, despite the associated increase in heterospecific pollen deposition. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Mast cell sodium regulation is a largely unknown field. In our effort to study the mechanisms by which mast cells regulate sodium levels, we have examined the effect of amiloride and ouabain on 22Na entry in rat mast cells in isotonic and hypertonic conditions. Ouabain (0.5 mM) enhances sodium uptake by 32% in isotonic conditions. Hypertonicity increases by 400% the uptake of sodium through an amiloride (1 mM) dependent mechanism. Ouabain has no appreciable effect on the entry of 22Na in hypertonic conditions. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A local,adaptive routing strategy for scale-free networks is proposed.The probability of a node to transmit packets to its neighbors is adaptively adjusted based on the relationship between the neighbors′ traffic load and sending capacity.The probability is proportional to the α-th power of node degree,where α is a preferential factor that inceases when the load is smaller than the capacity,and decreases otherwise.In this way,under small traffic load,packets can be priorily forwarded to the nodes with large degree in order to reach destinations faster;under heavy traffic,decentralization of traffic load could avoid congestion in nodes with large degree,and make sure the forwarding capability of all nodes including large-degree and small-degree ones be fully utilized.So that the network can bear more traffic load.Simulations show that our routing strategy enhances network capacity and achieves lower average delay.


In this paper, we used the aordance formal- ization framework (Sahin et al; Adaptive Be- havior, 15(4), 447-472, 2007) to link the con- cepts represented by verbs and nouns in lan- guage to the aordance relations that a robot acquires through its interaction with the en- vironment. First, we argued that a verb is linked not to a specific behavior of the robot, but to a specific eect that dierent behaviors may generate. We showed how demonstra- tions made by a human can allow the robot to learn an eect prototype in its own sensory- motor space, and use this to command the robot to achieve desired goals. Second, we investigated how the aordance relations of objects can be used to create noun concepts (to name objects) and how multi-task learning can utilize the learned object concepts to facil- itate the learning of new aordances. The re- sults are demonstrated on an iCub humanoid robot platform.


【Objective】To investigate therapeutic effects of early comprehensive intervention(psychotherapy plus antidepressant)in treatment of depression after ischemic stroke and its effect on functional outcome.【Methods】A controlled prospective design was applied in this study of 120 patients with depression after ischemic stroke . Several scales were used for functional measure.【Results】All cases were observed. 60 patients (observed group)received comprehensive therapy and routine treatment of ischemic stroke,60 patients(control)received routine treatment only.At the 4th week after treatment and 8 weeks、6 months after stroke, observed group was significantly more effective than control group by reduction in 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scales(HAMD-17) and Edinburgh-Scandinavian Scoring Scale(SSS).In observed group,the effective rate of antidepressant therapy was 100% and the cure rate was 71.66% , these results were significantly better than the counter parts of control group (15% and 6.66% respectively, P0.001).【Conclusion】Early comprehensive intervention has good efficacy in post-ischemic stroke depression.


This study aims to determine the effect of bokashi and biopori depth treatment on growth and production of oil palm. The study was conducted at Long Gelang Paser Regency in August 2017 - January 2018 using a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is the depth of biopori with depth: 50, 75, and 100 cm and the second factor is bokashi weight with level: 4, 5 and 6 tons per hectare with three replicates, highest weight of TBS obtained at 75 cm biopori depth, obtained at a depth of 100 cm biopori with 6 ton per hectare of bokashi, the highest soil N content was obtained at 50 cm depth with treatment of 6 tons per hectare bokashi, the highest groundwater content was obtained at 75 cm biopori depth with bokashi 4 tons per hectare


In this paper,phase correlation algorithm based on FFT is applied to the bar code identification.It is a widely used method of image registration.It can increase speed of items recognition and robustness of the algorithm.There is the rotation-invariant phase correlation algorithm which combines polar coordinate transform with phase correlation.They can recognize the bar code which is partly destroyed or inversed in the process of moving.The paper provides the analysis and simulation for the algorithm using Matlab,it is proven that the algorithm has the advantages of good real-time and high performance.It improves the matching precision and reduces the calculation by optimizing the rotation-invariant phase correlation.


Image reproduced with permission of Richard L. Brutchey Articles published in this issue include: Synthesis and reactivity of 2-azametallacyclobutanes Alexander Dauth and Jennifer A. Love Dalton Trans., 2012, DOI: 10.1039/C2DT30639E Perceiving molecular themes in the structures and bonding of intermetallic phases: the role of Hückel theory in an ab initio era Timothy E. Stacey and Daniel C. Fredrickson Dalton Trans., 2012, DOI: 10.1039/C2DT30298E Cycloruthenated sensitizers: improving the dye-sensitized solar cell with classical inorganic chemistry principles Kiyoshi C. D. Robson, Paolo G. Bomben and Curtis P. Berlinguette Dalton Trans., 2012, DOI: 10.1039/C2DT30825H


This paper reports a status on performances of the VIG Coriolis Vibrating Gyro developed at ONERA, and compares physical limits of this vibrating structure with promising new geometries for the next generation of sensors. Recent researches focused on a new quartz vibrating structure, nominally free from mechanical coupling between modes. First samples have been realized and characterized. As expected, the true separation between drive and sense electrode systems guarantees very little capacitive coupling, in the order of a few femto-Farads, smaller than in the VIG. Mechanical (quadrature) coupling has also been measured significantly smaller, and is now as low as 30°/s, while scale factor and quality factor of the cell have been preserved.


Changes in the width of the upwelling branch of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation and Hadley cell in the 21st Century are investigated using simulations from a coupled chemistry‐climate model. In these model simulations the tropical upwelling region narrows in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. The narrowing of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation is caused by an equatorward shift of Rossby wave critical latitudes and Eliassen‐Palm flux convergence in the subtropical lower stratosphere. In the troposphere, the model projects an expansion of the Hadley cell's poleward boundary, but a narrowing of the Hadley cell's rising branch. Model results suggest that eddy forcing may also play a part in the narrowing of the rising branch of the Hadley cell.


Abstract In this study, Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biomass is exploited as an effective, low cost and new adsorbent to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solution. TBP is pretreated and modified with HNO3, HClO4 and H2O2 to enhance the Pb(II) removal and it is perceived that chemical modifications enhance the adsorption capacity of TBP. The adsorption behavior of Pb(II) is studied under different conditions, including pH (3-6), TBP dose (0.050.8 g), stirring speed (100-200 rpm), initial Pb(II) ion concentration (25-400 mg L-1) and contact time (0-1440 min). Kinetic study reveals sorption is fast in first 15 to 30 min achieving equilibrium in 60 min with qmax (mg g-1) are 77.09, 105.40 and 123.82 for NT-TBP, NA-TBP and HCA-TBP respectively. The Langmuir model successfully defines the sorption data having higher R2 and good agreement between theoretical and experimental uptake capacity of Pb(II). The kinetic study exhibits that the pseudo-second order rate equation is better portrayed sorption process. TBP modified with HClO4 shows the highest metal uptake in comparison to HNO3, H2O2 modified TBP and native TBP.


In IEEE802.16 system, the initial ranging uses the random access mode. The standards [1] [2] define the size of initial ranging resource(IRR-size) as a fixed and large value, but the large size of ranging resource can cause the waste. To solve the above problem, this paper proposes an adaptive initial ranging resource allocation algorithm. It makes use of the trend of the ratio between the calculated number of the initial ranging triggering users(IRTU-num) and the actually allocated size of the initial ranging resource(AIRR-size) which are gained from the previous two frames to adaptively adjusts IRR-size in the next frame. By comparing with the fixed allocation algorithm, the simulation results verify the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the system performances at the aspects of the average success rate per ranging slot(AS), the average occupation rate per ranging slot(AO) and average access delay(AD). The simulation results math the theory analysis very well. The proposed algorithm can be put into practical application.


In this work, the unconditional stability of the ADI-FDTD method in lossy media has been proven in our approach. The numerical dispersion and stability characteristics of the ADI- FDTD method in lossy media are analyzed. The dispersion analysis actually has a more general meaning, which includes the investigations of both the numerical loss and numerical dispersion, since the propagation constant is complex for the lossy media case. This is different from the previous dispersion analysis based on the assumption of lossless media, where the propagation constant is purely imaginary. So it is necessary to perform the dispersion analysis for the ADI-FDTD method in lossy media to reveal its individual characteristics, which will be meaningful for the application and further development of the ADI-FDTD method in lossy media.


Background: Sanofi-Pasteur's CYD-TDV is the only licensed dengue vaccine. Two phase three trials showed higher efficacy in seropositive than seronegative recipients. Hospital follow-up revealed increased hospitalisation in 2–5year-old vaccinees, where serostatus and age effects were unresolved. Methods: We fit a survival model to individual-level data from both trials, including year 1 of hospital follow-up. We determine efficacy by age, serostatus, serotype and severity, and examine efficacy duration and vaccine action mechanism. Results: Our modelling indicates that vaccine-induced immunity is long-lived in seropositive recipients, and therefore that vaccinating seropositives gives higher protection than two natural infections. Long-term increased hospitalisation risk outweighs short-lived immunity in seronegatives. Independently of serostatus, transient immunity increases with age, and is highest against serotype 4. Benefit is higher in seropositives, and risk enhancement is greater in seronegatives, against hospitalised disease than against febrile disease. Conclusions: Our results support vaccinating seropositives only. Rapid diagnostic tests would enable viable 'screen-then-vaccinate' programs. Since CYD-TDV acts as a silent infection, long-term safety of other vaccine candidates must be closely monitored. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Institute for Health Research, UK Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, Royal Society. Clinical trial number: NCT01373281 and NCT01374516. Introduction Over 40% of the world population is at risk of dengue infection. An estimated 105 million infections and approximately 50 million symptomatic cases occur each year (Stanaway et al., 2016; Cattarino et al., 2020). Dengue disease is caused by four distinct viruses, termed serotypes (DENV1–4). Infection confers lifelong immunity to a homologous serotype, but against a heterologous serotype protective immunity is only temporary (St John and Rathore, 2019). Furthermore, secondary infection with a heterologous serotype drastically increases the likelihood of disease (St John and Rathore, 2019). Traditional vector control interventions have had little impact on dengue disease burden (Guzman et al., 2010) and no antiviral treatments yet exist. Several vaccine candidates are in development, but the only licensed vaccine is Sanofi-Pasteur's CYD-TDV (marketed as Dengvaxia). CYDTDV is a live attenuated tetravalent chimeric vaccine, where genes for the structural proteins (E and prM) are taken from the four DENV serotypes, while the other proteins are based on the yellow fever Laydon et al. eLife 2021;10:e65131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.65131 1 of 26 RESEARCH ARTICLE 17D vaccine strain. The vaccine has now been licensed in 21 countries and the EU. A phase two trial in 2012 (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00842530) (Sabchareon et al., 2012) reported moderate efficacy of 30.2% ( 13.4% to 56.6%) and showed the vaccine to be well tolerated and largely safe. Two large scale phase three trials followed: the CYD14 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01373281) in South East Asia of 10,275 children aged 2–14 (Capeding et al., 2014), and the CYD15 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01374516) in Latin America of 20,869 children aged 9–16 (Villar et al., 2015). After stratifying by age, participants were randomly assigned to vaccine or control arms in a 2:1 ratio, and vaccine doses were given at baseline then 6 and 12 months later. For a subset of participants (approximately 20% for CYD14% and 10% for CYD15), immunogenicity and prior dengue exposure was determined using baseline sera. Participants were actively surveilled by weekly phone calls for 25 months post-first dose (where any symptomatic disease was detected), after which surveillance was passive using routine hospital surveillance, (where only hospitalisations were detected). See (Capeding et al., 2014; Villar et al., 2015; Hadinegoro et al., 2015) for further details of the trial design. The CYD14 and CYD15 trials showed overall vaccine efficacies of 56.5% (43.8%–66.4%) and 60.8% (52.0%–68.0%) respectively, with efficacy varying significantly by serotype and prior exposure. However, in 2015, results from the first year of long-term follow up (Hadinegoro et al., 2015) showed that while the vaccine remained beneficial overall, the number of hospitalisations among 2– 5 year olds was significantly greater in vaccinees than in controls. A potential explanation for these results considered age as a proxy for serostatus (Aguiar and Stollenwerk, 2018), and that the vaccine may act as a 'silent' disease-free infection that primes host immunity (Ferguson et al., 2016; Flasche et al., 2016). Therefore, a seronegative child, who would ordinarily experience their first and relatively low-risk natural infection, would after vaccination instead experience a 'secondary-like' infection that is more predisposed to clinically apparent disease. Conversely, a child with a single prior natural infection would have a lower risk of disease when exposed to dengue post-vaccination, normally associated with tertiary and quaternary infection [Figure 1]. The immunogenicity subset was only a small fraction of the entire trial, and the estimated efficacy in seronegatives had wide confidence intervals indicating neither benefit nor harm, and so it was not possible to determine conclusively whether age or lack of prior exposure was the dominant factor in the increased hospitalisation of 2–5 year-old vaccinees. Further, it was not possible to retroactively expand the immunogenicity subset to determine prior dengue exposure, as Dengvaxia can elicit Figure 1. Model Schematic 1: vaccine as silent infection. Top row: unvaccinated individuals are naive, or infected with either: their first dengue infection with moderate disease risk; their second higher risk infection; or their third or fourth lower risk infection. Middle row: vaccinating seropositive individuals with a single prior infection lowers the disease risk associated with secondary infection to that associated with tertiary and quaternary infection. Bottom row: vaccinating naive (seronegative) individuals increases disease risk upon their first natural infection. Figure adapted from Ferguson et al., 2016 with permission. Laydon et al. eLife 2021;10:e65131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.65131 2 of 26 Research article Epidemiology and Global Health


Objective:To investigate the promoting and expelling blood circulation drugs on the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor(VEGF) into basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in acute cerebral ischemic arterial.Method: Forty SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,promoting blood group,expelling blood group(n=10).The acute cerebral ischemia model was established.The sham operation and model groups were given distilled water,promoting blood group was given Angelica and Chuanxiong decoction 3.6 g · kg-1,expelling group was given Sanleng Ezhu decoction 1.8 g · kg-1.Drugs were given before modeling for 7 days,after 2 days of modeling,continuous administration for 7 day was carried out of 2 h after end administration,rats were killed for collection of the basilar artery.Immunohistochemical was used for detection of basilar artery endothelial cells,VEGF and bFGF expression.Result: Compared with model group VEGF absorbance(A) of(0.348±0.086),in promoting blood group(0.443±0.061) and expelling blood group(0.558±0.12),VEGF protein expression was increased in a statistically significant difference(P0.01 to P0.05).Compared with promoting blood group,the effect of expelling blood group was stronger,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Compared with the model group A of bFGF(0.394±0.080),in promoting blood group bFGF(0.553± 0.097) protein expression was elevated,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01),in the expelling blood group bFGF(0.302±0.084) protein expression decreased,the differences statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion: Promoting blood circulation drugs and expelling blood circulation drugs can promote the expression of VEGF protein,and expelling the drug showed more potent;promoting blood circulation drugs increased the expression of bFGF protein,expelling blood circulation drugs were able to reduce the expression of bFGF protein.This shows that for the mechanism of promoting blood circulation,promoting and expelling blood circulationdrugs have both similarities and differences.


It is widely accepted that Caizi-Jiaren Novels(CJN)in the late Ming dynasty and the early Qing dynasty usually ends with a bright career and a wonderful marriage.As a matter of fact,in novels like this,after the ending there is often a sad epilogue telling the hero being pastoral seclusions after resignation or losing intention for any further promotion even though in power,which is in a sharp contrastwith the happy ending.Such setting is related to elements like the complex mentality of admiring while despising power,the change of traditional recluse culture on scholars in Jiangzhe during the transition of dynasties and the commercialization of writing novels.To understand these is important and practical to hold in the round the psychology structure and mental view of scholars of middle and lower classes at that time.


Abstract We study numerically the formation of dSph galaxies. Intense starbursts, e.g., in gas-rich environments, typically produce a few to a few hundred young star clusters within a region of just a few hundred pc. The dynamical evolution of these star clusters may explain the formation of the luminous component of dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies. Here, we perform a numerical experiment to show that the evolution of star cluster complexes in dark-matter haloes can explain the formation of the luminous components of dSph galaxies.


·AIM:To measure disc-fovea angle(DFA)of normal Chinese people with optical coherence tomography(OCT,Carl Zeiss Meditec,Dublin,CA)and investigate the difference.·METHODS:A total of 396 eyes of 198 normal Chinese people were tested by OCT,images of fundus including fovea and disc were photoed,DFA was measured by using ImageJ software,and statistic analysis was done with SPSS software.·RESULTS:DFA of normal Chinese people was 0.56-14.29°,the average value was(7.35±2.15)°.There was no significant difference for DFA among three age groups.DFA of right eye and left eye was(7.43±2.46)° and(7.27±2.45)°respectively,there was no significant difference for DFA between right eye and left eye.DFA of male and female was(7.41±2.21)°and(7.28±2.10)°respectively.There was no significant difference for DFA between male and female.·CONCLUSION:Measurement of DFA by using OCT is a new method of observing the ocular torsion.·


Productive performance of three Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) lines feed with two protein levels. This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance of three Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) lines, fed with two crude protein levels (25 and 30%). The lines studied were Bouake (BOU), Chitralada (CHI) and GIFT. The fish were individually marked and housed in two land nurseries with 140 m 2 each, in a completely randomized design using three lineages and two levels of crude protein, with each individual counting as one replication. The water quality remained appropriate for the species. With regard to the lines studied, GIFT had the best performance for weight gain and total length, height, final width and weight, fillet yield and weight, regardless of culture conditions. This superiority to nonimproved lines can be attributed to the breeding line. The tilapia fed with 25% CP exceeded in 51.0% (BOU), 47.0% (CHI) and 58.0% (GIF) the weight of those fed with 30% CP. The results suggest less need of CP for tilapia in the finishing phase and alert to the biological value of feed ingredients.


The Land for Wildlife program started in Victoria in 1981 as a voluntary program with the broad aim of supporting landholders in providing habitat for wildlife on their property. The program has since spread across Australia and is implemented in a range of guises, through a variety of governance approaches. This research collected qualitative and quantitative data on Land for Wildlife programs across Australia to conduct the first national review. Data were gathered on changes in program membership to assess different participation trends. In addition, phone interviews with Land for Wildlife coordinators throughout Australia were conducted to explore how the programs are positioned in delivering biodiversity outcomes in a range of different regions. Over 14,000 properties covering 2.3 million ha are currently registered under Land for Wildlife programs. with at least 500,000 ha of habitat managed for conservation. Limited resources present a large challenge faced by a number of programs, with generally low funding and staffing resulting in restricted biodiversity focus and conservation outcomes. We suggest options to enhance the programs and propose future research directions.


The recent and rapid developments in Sino-Latin American energy cooperation are an important aspect of the changes to the energy order currently underway in the western hemisphere. The guarantee of energy security and the 'Go Global' strategy of national oil companies and financial organizations (especially the China Development Bank) are fundamental factors being integrated into Chinese policy initiatives towards Latin America. In pursuit of their growing energy interests in various countries, Chinese companies employ different forms of energy cooperation, such as crude oil trade, technical services, joint development, infrastructure building, loans-for-oil and bio-fuels technologyjoint research. However, the majority of these forms are still at a primitive development stage. In comparison with other Latin American countries, the Sino-Venezuelan model stands out as a unique example, one that demonstrates the dynamics of the two countries' oil cooperation from both governmental and corporate perspectives. Keywords:'Go Global' strategy; Chinese policy; energy cooperation; Latin American countries; Sino-Latin American; Sino-Venezuelan model


Overview: Studies over the past decade have documented that over 90% of race horses and 60% of show horses have gastric ulcers. Further, recent research has revealed a 63% incidence of colonic ulcers among performance horses (Pellegrini 2005). Both of these conditions can be a major contributor to colic, the number one killer of horses. Modern feeding, training, and housing practices may contribute to the high incidence of digestive tract ulcers. The unique digestive system of the horse is designed to efficiently extract nutrients from, and subsequently ferment, forage sources such as hay. However, high athletic demands placed on performance horses dictate that diets must be supplemented with high energy carbohydrates, most often fed in 2 meals per day. This feeding practice, in conjunction with modern stabling and training practices, may lead to digestive tract upset and subsequent ulceration. Many commonly used treatments are available to treat gastric ulcers. These products generally work by buffering the acid in the stomach (e.g., bismol, calcium antacids, sucralfate), or inhibiting the secretion of the acid (e.g., omeprazole, cimetidine, ranitidine). These products are designed to protect the stomach lining from gastric acid, thus allowing ulcers to heal. However, the long term effects of this are unknown and treatments for colonic ulcers have not been considered. In an effort to support a healthy and functioning digestive tract in performance horses prone to ulcers, colic and other GI health issues, a feed supplement to target each aspect of the digestive tract was developed. The intention was to create a digestive conditioning program that would normalize conditions in the GI tract while horses continue to be rigorously trained and live under the stressful conditions of modern performance horse care. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of this feed supplement on supporting overall digestive tract health by focusing on incidence and severity of gastric ulcers and on the incidence of digestive tract blood loss as measured by fecal occult blood.


A number of studies have been reported thin-film bulk heterojunction solar cells using p-type semiconducting materials as electron donors and n-type semiconducting materials as electron acceptors. Moreover, some studies have reported that controlling the morphology of the photoactive layer is important. In this study, we report a novel method for film formation utilizing centrifugation to control the morphology of the photoactive layer in thin-film solar cells. By employing this method, we observed high performance. Furthermore, the photoactive layer formed by the centrifugation method resulted in suitable phase-separated structures for charge separation and charge transfer, which were similar to a mutual penetration structure. We also fabricated thin-film bulk heterojunction solar cells using this method and obtained a performance that was 2.2 times greater than that obtained by the conventional spin-coating method using a p-type semiconducting polymer and Ti(IV) isopropoxide as the electron donor and electron acceptor, respectively.


A real-time communication social software based on XMPP is designed on iOS. On the iOS devices, users can use the software to share their message such as text, pictures, voice and video. It meets the needs of modern people for message sharing. The interface of this software is concise and modular, user-friendly to understand and use.


The invention relates to a food cooking machine which comprises a base (1), a stirring cup (2) and a cup cover (3). The stirring cup (2) is arranged on the base (1), and the cup cover (3) is arranged on the stirring cup (2). A motor (11), an air controller (12), an air generator (13) and an air guide pipe (14) are arranged in the base (1). A stirring mechanism (21) is arranged in the stirring cup (2), vent holes (31) are formed in the cup cover (3), and the air controller (12) is connected with the air generator (13) and used for controlling the air generator (13) to generate gas. One end of the air guide pipe (14) is connected with the air generator (13), and the other end of the air guide pipe (14) extends into the stirring cup (2) and used for guiding gas generated by the air generator (13) into the stirring cup (2), so that food is crushed and evenly stirred in the air environment, and the problem that the original nutrients or flavors of the food are changed when the food makes contact with the gas in the crushing and evenly mixing process is solved.


Social progress being based on an efficient education system and greater efficiency being linked to democratization, immediate steps must be taken to democratize education at all levels in line with the steps being taken to democratize society. Educational democratization is based on the interaction of four major interrelated components: the democratization of the forms of educational activity, the democratization of the content of education, the humanization of the functioning of education institutions and extra‐curricular student activities, and the democratization of the interactions of education with the other spheres of social life. The tasks at hand require the co‐operation of legislators, economists, sociologists teachers, and educational administrators and the passage of a new comprehensive law on education.


Purpose Many models of competency-based medical education (CBME) emphasize assessing entrustable professional activities (EPAs). Despite the centrality of EPAs, researchers have not compared rater entrustment decisions for the same EPA across workplace- and simulation-based assessments. This study aimed to explore rater entrustment decision making across these 2 assessment settings. Method An interview-based study using a constructivist grounded theory approach was conducted. Gastroenterology faculty at the University of Toronto and the University of Calgary completed EPA assessments of trainees' endoscopic polypectomy performance in both workplace and simulation settings between November 2019 and January 2021. After each assessment, raters were interviewed to explore how and why they made entrustment decisions within and across settings. Transcribed interview data were coded iteratively using constant comparison to generate themes. Results Analysis of 20 interviews with 10 raters found that participants (1) held multiple meanings of entrustment and expressed variability in how they justified their entrustment decisions and scoring, (2) held personal caveats for making entrustment decisions "comfortably" (i.e., authenticity, task-related variability, opportunity to assess trainee responses to adverse events, and the opportunity to observe multiple performances over time), (3) experienced cognitive tensions between formative and summative purposes when assessing EPAs, and (4) experienced relative freedom when using simulation to formatively assess EPAs but constraint when using only simulation-based assessments for entrustment decision making. Conclusions Participants spoke about and defined entrustment variably, which appeared to produce variability in how they judged entrustment across participants and within and across assessment settings. These rater idiosyncrasies suggest that programs implementing CBME must consider how such variability affects the aggregation of EPA assessments, especially those collected in different settings. Program leaders might also consider how to fulfill raters' criteria for comfortably making entrustment decisions by ensuring clear definitions and purposes when designing and integrating workplace- and simulation-based assessments.


A control system for a three-phase induction motor was designed with the use of optoelectronic components and methods. Motor speed was controlled by changing supply voltage frequency. This solution ensures a wide range of rotational speeds, constant torque and effective start-up of an induction motor. The designed motor is supplied with direct current converted to three-phase alternating current. The adopted solution relies on renewable sources of energy to produce DC power. The designed electric motor is controlled by changing supply voltage frequency. Input voltage with the desired waveform is generated by the motor's electronic system that relies on two microcontrollers. The presented solution features a user interface.


Transfer reactions have been studied for some time with light heavy ions such as oxygen. Although states of spin I approx.10 h are sometimes populated in such reactions, it is assumed that collective excitation is small, and the transferred particles are responsible for the angular momentum transfer. In this paper we will discuss a qualitatively different kind of transfer reaction using very heavy ions (A greater than or equal to 40). In these reactions the collective excitation in both the entrance and exit channels is strong, and there may be appreciable angular momentum transfer associated with inelastic excitation. 12 refs., 13 figs.


DUFKOVA, J.: Determination of wind erosion next to shelterbelts. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2007, LV, No. 5, pp. 65–70 The infl uence of shelterbelts on the erodibility of soil by wind was studied at three chosen shelterbelts of Southern Moravia, Czech Republic – near the shelterbelts in the cadastral areas of Dolni Dunajovice, Micmanice and Sucha Loz. Ambulatory measurements of wind velocity as so as soil sampling for soil humidity analyses, non-erodible and clay particles analyses were done during the year of 2006. Subsequently, real erodibility of soil by wind was determined at these three areas. Results of the measurements and calculations verify positive effect of shelterbelts consisted in wind velocity decreasing (at about 78% in average), soil humidity increasing (at about 102% in average) and soil resistance increasing (at about 70% in average) at the leeward side of the shelterbelts. shelterbelt, wind erosion, wind velocity, non-erodible particles, clay particles, erodibility


Historians of Protestantism in what became the United States have long assumed that, sooner or later, religion drove politics. British observers in the 1770s believed, as do some British historians today, that the American Revolution was the work of Congregational and Presbyterian rascals whose machinations merely echoed the nonconformist cry, "No bishop, no king" of their forebears. Thus, patriots drew their inspiration from the evangelicals who cheered on the revival of international Protestantism that had included George Whitefield's transatlantic tours. Doubting specialists have pointed out, with limited success, that all opponents of evangelicalism did not become Loyalists, and that most New and Old Light/Side protagonists had departed for judgment by the time of the Imperial Crisis. The suspicion remains deeply rooted, nonetheless, that a millennial marriage of republican politics and evangelical religion came to dominate the Protestant ethos of post-Revolutionary America. Patricia Bonomi's subtle reworking of this idea in Under the Cope of Heaven (1986) provided a refined affirmation of the Revolution's religious roots. The triumph of revolutionary dissent constitutes a real-not an imaginary-case of American exceptionalism for Bonomi, a theme she reiterates in her essay in the Hoffman-Albert collection. Her singular contribution has been to expand the horizons of historians seeking to understand eighteenth-century religion in North America beyond the earlier New England focus. Bonomi provided a synthetic and cosmopolitan perspective anchored in the proper transatlantic eighteenth-century Christian context. Whatever their disagreements, scholars now concur that this transatlantic perspective did inform the overwhelmingly Protestant ethos in which the Revolution occurred.'


Additional letter from Peter Allum, male, formerly British South Africa Police, who was interviewed within the project.
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Recently, industries are more concerned about more than one supply channel as dependency on only one channel may not be profitable in modern business environment. In this paper, a dual channel supply chain management is considered with single-manufacturer and single-retailer. The industry manager incorporates two different strategies as traditional retail channel and online channel. In traditional channel, manufacturer uses single-setup multiple-delivery policy to transport items to the retailer whereas, in online channel, only customized product is sold directly to the customers. The online channel follows make-to-order policy which considers shortages. The mathematical model is constructed to maximize the profit of the centralized chain. The model is analysed with numerical experiments and graphical analysis.


Objective: To examine and compare trunk stability by examining acceleration of the trunk while performing the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test in Thai elderly and young women. Material and Method: Fifty female volunteers resided in Chiang Mai province were divided into the elderly group (aged 60-74 year; n=25) and the young group (aged 18-25 years; n=25). Each participant performed the TUG test while wearing a tri-axial accelerometer placed over the lower trunk. Independent t-test was used to compare trunk acceleration values between groups. Results: The elderly and the young group had a mean time of the TUG of 11.94±1.03 second and 8.82±0.56 second (mean±S.D.), respectively. In the anteroposterior direction, compared to the young group, the elderly group had significantly lower normalized trunk acceleration in the sit-to-walk, walk1 (walking away from the chair), and stand-to-sit subtasks (p<0.05). In the vertical direction, the elderly group had significantly lower normalized trunk acceleration in the walk1, and stand-to-sit subtasks (p<0.005). In the mediolateral direction, on the other hand, the elderly group had significantly greater normalized trunk acceleration in the walk2 (walking toward the chair) and stand-to-sit subtasks (p<0.05). Conclusion: Trunk accelerometry can be used to examine the quality of movement during the TUG test. Acceleration in the anteroposterior and vertical directions indicated the agility in the direction of body progression while the mediolateral acceleration indicated the ability to control balance during changing of body position. There is a possibility to use the trunk acceleration coupled with the TUG test for evaluating the risk of fall in the elderly.


Steel has been widely used as a material in temporary structures. Corrosion attack often reduces the long-term durability of temporary steel members that are not protected from corrosion. In designing temporary steel structures, it is difficult to evaluate their long-term durability, since the thickness loss of steel members is not clear. In this study, laboratory and field exposure corrosion tests were performed on structural steel plate specimens, and the loss of thickness of specimens that were exposed to a subway construction site for 11 months and of specimens that were exposed to environments with controlled humidity and calcium chloride for six months were measured. Finally, a thickness loss equation was formulated based on the environmental conditions and the testing periods.


Three studies demonstrate that income is positively associated with meaning in life (MIL) and that this relationship is moderated by positive affect (PA). Moreover, people's forecasts about these associations resemble the actual data. Study 1 (N = 1,666) used a nationally representative sample to demonstrate that PA moderates the effect of income on MIL. At high levels of PA, income was unrelated to MIL, but at low PA, income was positively associated with MIL. Study 2 (N = 203) provided experimental support for the interaction between income and PA interaction using a PA induction. Although income predicted MIL in the control condition, it was unrelated to MIL following a PA induction. Study 3 (N = 277) demonstrated that people forecast their future lives will be more meaningful if they are wealthy versus poor, which was especially true among people who expect to be unhappy.


The observed electrical potentials of neurons as determined either by extracellular or intracellular recording are never constant. The same is true for grossly recorded field potentials and brain recordings such as the electroencephalogram. Often such recordings of potential exhibit quite sudden changes or jumps. If the sample paths of a continuous time random process have discontinuities then it is called a jump process. A process may be a pure jump process, like a Poisson process or a random walk, or there may be drift and or diffusion between the jumps.


In this study, we report an advanced fabrication technique to develop a miniature focused needle transducer. Two different types of high-frequency (100 MHz) transducers were fabricated using the lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-0.3PT) and lithium niobate (LiNbO3) single crystals. In order to enhance the transducer's performance, a unique mass–spring matching layer technique was adopted, in which gold and parylene play the roles of the mass layer and spring layer, respectively. The PMN-0.3PT transducer had a 103 MHz center frequency with a −6 dB bandwidth of 52%, and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 42 dB. The center frequency, −6 dB bandwidth, and SNR of the LiNbO3 transducer were 105 MHz, 66%, and 44 dB, respectively. In order to compare and evaluate the transducers' performances, an ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM) imaging on the fish eye was performed. The results showed that the LiNbO3 transducer had a better contrast resolution compared to the PMN-0.3PT transducer. The fabricated transducer showed an excellent performance with high-resolution corneal epithelium imaging of the experimental fish eye. These interesting findings are useful for the future biomedical implementation of the fabricated transducers in the field of high-resolution ultrasound imaging and diagnosis purpose.


McLuhan's definition of media as an extension of human senses and bodies leads us to the complementary notion of contraction, which he describes as an implosion. In this context, the present contribution deals with the question of the media with a receiver function. They are mostly to be found in body proximity. With an increasing frequency, however, media get implanted too. As a consequence of this intrusion, man and machine get into an increasingly close symbiosis regarding the field of communication. That's why, as a reference to the broadly formulated media definition by Luhmann, the connection between technology and biology is discussed under the scope of systemics. The connection of trivial and autopoietic media is illustrated by several examples, many of which come from the field of neuroprosthetics. The question about a paradigm shift of the relationship between the nature of humans and the media therefore arises.


BACKGROUND
Many options for free tissue transfer have been described for head and neck reconstruction. While functional outcomes remain paramount, aesthetic considerations like color match can be equally consequential for patient quality of life. It is important to understand differences in color match based on flap donor site for head and neck reconstruction.

METHODS
A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent head and neck reconstruction with free tissue transfer at a tertiary care academic medical center between November 2012 and November 2020. Patients with documented pictures of their reconstruction and external skin paddles were considered. Patient demographics and surgery specific factors were recorded. Objective differences in color match were obtained by calculating the International Commission on Illumination Delta E 2000 (dE2000) score. Standard univariate descriptive statistics and multivariable statistical analyses were performed.

RESULTS
Lateral arm, parascapular, and medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) free tissue transfer performed favorably compared to other donor sites, whereas anterolateral thigh flaps had the highest average dE2000 scores. Differences in dE2000 scores were mitigated by post-operative radiation to the flap site and with increasing time beyond 6 months post-operatively.

CONCLUSIONS
We provide an objective assessment of external skin color match in patients undergoing free tissue transfer for head and neck cancer by donor site. MSAP, lateral arm, and parascapular free flaps performed well compared to traditional donor sites. These differences are more significant at the face and mandible when compared to the neck, but diminish 6 months after surgery and with post-operative radiation to the free flap skin paddle.


Abstract : Described is a modular photonic RF link test bed integrated with the C-band radar operated by the Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate s Radar Technology Branch (SNRT). This flexible, multi-channel, test bed allows in-situ testing and evaluation of commercial and developmental photonic components in a convenient, yet realistic environment for their intended application, air and spaceborne RF sensing. This report documents the design and construction of a commercial off the shelf technology (COTS) based RF link transmitter and receiver, as well as the installation and testing of the multi-channel fiber optic link within the C-band radar. Performance of the COTS based link is reported and compared to requirements of the C-band radar for supporting typical experiments. A section on proposed future work is also presented.


This work seeks to analyze the feasibility to integrate a renewable hybrid energy resource in the DC smart grid for the campus of Universidad Militar Nueva Granada (UMNG), which is located in Cajica - Cundinamarca. Taking the wind energy as the selected renewable resource, we developed software in Matlab® in order to do the analysis of meteorological data based on the Weibull's probabilistic distribution model and the Betz's efficient energy use method. The software shows the wind speed and power analysis based on its data input (atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed and direction, etc.) of the study site. The software also allows the simultaneous and differential power analysis of different types of commercial wind turbines, which is characterized and implemented into the software, for the appropriate selection. Moreover, the user is able to upload its own meteorological files or use a data base from any weather station, such as those installed by the Regional Autonomous Corporation (CAR).


We present 3-5 microns spectra and a 2.2 microns polarimetric image of the T Tauri star RNO 91. We report the detection of three absorption bands centered at 3250 cm-1 (3.08 mum), 2139 cm-1 (4.68 mum), and 2165 cm-1 (4.62 mum) in spectra of RNO 91. These features are due to frozen H2O, CO, and possibly XCN along the line of sight toward RNO 91. Our 2187-2107 cm-1 spectrum of RNO 90, the only other T Tauri star in the dark cloud L43, does not show the CO or XCN absorption bands. By comparing our observed polarimetric image with modeled images of scattered light from bipolar nebulae or circumstellar disks as well as with known morphology of the RNO 91 bipolar outflow, we demonstrate that the reflection nebulosity seen in the near-infrared is most likely a circumstellar disklike structure with a radius of ˜1700 AU. The location of both RNO 90 and RNO 91 in front of or near the front of L43 suggests that the intracloud optical depths toward both stars are small and, therefore, that the frozen H2O, CO, and XCN molecules are located on grains in circumstellar material around RNO 91 at distances from the central star of perhaps 10-1700 AU. This frozen material may represent precometary grains orbiting RNO 91.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of intratympanic dexamethasone perfusion in the treatment of sudden deafness. Methods Thirty-eight subjects( thirty-eight ears) were divided into two groups randomly,including group A( 38 subjects; 38 ears) and group B( 38 subjects,38 ears). The patients in treatment group A were given intravenous infusion of dexamethasone,combined with perfusion of dexamethasone into the tympanum. The control group simply applied intravenous infusion of dexamethasone. The efficiency and the average hearing threshold changes of two groups before and after treatment was observed. Results Before and after treatment,the average hearing threshold was( 70. 24 ± 15. 28) dB and(51.28 ±21.26) dB in the treatment group. And the average hearing threshold was( 70.35 ±16.27) dB and( 60.17 ±24.32) dB in the control group. The clinical effect of the group A was significantly better than the group B( P 0. 05). The effective rate of group A( 94. 7%) was significantly higher than that of the group B( 78. 9%). There was no obvious adverse reaction and complication in two groups. Conclusion The treatment for sudden deafness with dual pathways combined with hormone can improve the clinical efficacy for the treatment of sudden deafness therapy.


The political and spatial reorganization brought about by the progressive consolidation of the Spanish Estado de las Autonomias (State of Autonomies) is in line with a model of 'multiple ethnoterritorial concurrence'. This model relates socio‐political sub‐state ethnic mobilization to the competitive interplay among Spanish regions and nationalities pursuing political and economic power, as well as the achievement of the legitimation for their institutional development. Ten 'axioms', 'premises', 'principles', and 'rules' are identified as being mainly responsible for setting the conceptual boundaries of the type of plural competition and solidarity put into play in today's decentralized Spain.


The series of events, which occurred at high redshift and originated multiple stellar populations in Globular Clusters (GCs) are still poorly understood. Theoretical work suggests that the present-day dynamics of stars in nearby GCs, including the rotation and velocity dispersion, may retain important clues on the formation of multiple populations. So far, the dynamics of multiple populations have been investigated either from radial velocities of a relatively-small sample of stars, or from relative proper motions of stars in the small field of view provided by the Hubble Space Telescope. In this context, Gaia provides the unique opportunity to investigate the dynamics of thousands GC stars over a wide field of view. For the first time, we combine Gaia DR2 proper motions and multi-band photometry to study the internal motions of the two main stellar populations of 47 Tucanae in a wide field of view. We confirm that this cluster exhibits high rotation on the plane of the sky and find that both stellar generations share similar rotation patters. Second-generation stars show stronger anisotropies and smaller tangential-velocity dispersion than the first generation, while there is no significant difference between their radial-velocity dispersion profiles. We discuss the impact of these results in the context of the formation scenarios for multiple stellar populations in GCs.


The paper offers a kind of new type light-duty low-position integrated caving hy-draulic supporter, which processes the characteristic of light weight, reasonable structure,stable and reliable supporting effect. The supporter has been passed the lab andindustrial experiment, has broad application prospect.


The present invention relates to the use of a new additive as agent which inhibits swelling clays, in particular in the field of drilling. More specifically, the present invention provides the use of 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine or an organic or inorganic salt of 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine as a swelling inhibitor clays in aqueous medium, and that a composition of drilling fluid or hydraulic fracturing comprising 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine or its organic or inorganic salts and drilling or hydraulic fracturing methods using said compositions.