A dust cup of a cyclone centrifugal filtration type dust collector comprises a cup body of the dust cup, an upper cover of the cup body and a bottom cover of the cup body. An air inlet tangent to the peripheral wall of the cup body is arranged on the lateral wall on the upper side of the cup body, and an air outlet is arranged on the upper cover. A tapered retainer ring with big top and small bottom is arranged on the inner wall of the cup body, a plurality of screen holes are arranged on the lateral wall of the retainer ring, an isolation sleeve is sleeved below the retainer ring, the upper end of the isolation ring and the retainer ring are directly or indirectly fixed, and the lower end of the isolation sleeve butts against the bottom cover in sealing mode. The inner wall of the isolation sleeve and the bottom cover form a coarse dust cavity, and the outer wall of the isolation sleeve, the inner wall of the cup body and the bottom cover form a fine dust cavity. The screen holes are arranged on the retainer ring so that coarse dust and fine dust can be stored in isolation mode, fine dust fallen into the bottom of the dust cup can be prevented from rotating along with airflow to the center of the dust cup to rise, and a little amount of fine dust in the midway can be prevented from rising directly caused by retaining of the retainer ring. The dust cup can prolong service life of a filter and can keep optimum dust collection efficiency in a long time.


Scholars and community leaders have voiced concerns about the recent decrease in youth civic engagement. This is a concern because research indicates that participating in civil society during adolescence promotes effective decision making, strategic thinking, and other components of democracy. Extant scholarship on youth engagement primarily considers mainstream forms of civic engagement. There is a dearth of information on urban African American youth's understanding of and participation in civic and community work. This study will address the gap by using social justice youth development theory to center the voices of African American youth in describing their own experiences with activism.


Literacy skills such as reading comprehension are essential in order to understand written information and complete daily tasks. Low literacy skills are common in the aging population thus affecting quality of life, independence and social integration. Reading comprehension is a complex activity that requires processing at many different levels. According to Kintsch's construction-integration model, three levels of representations of a text must be achieved in order to fully comprehend a text. Previous studies often considered the aging population as a single group and compared this group to young adults. However, few studies examined the variability in reading comprehension abilities within the aging population. Studies examining the variability in the construction of a situation model in older adults are even more scarce. The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of age on reading comprehension abilities at the surface model, text-based model and situation model in the aging population with high education level.
Participants were recruited in northern Ontario and were grouped into three age intervals (60-69 years; 70-79 years; ≥ 80 years). Participants' cognitive functions were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and health literacy was assessed using the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (STOFHLA). Reading comprehension abilities were evaluated using the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests - third edition (WRMT-III) as well as the Gray Oral Reading Test – fifth edition (GORT5).
Results indicated no significant differences in performance of reading comprehension abilities among the three age groups at the surface level, text-based level, and situation model level of reading comprehension. These findings suggest no age-related effect on reading comprehension abilities in adults with high levels of education. The lack of differences observed may be explained by the absence of differences in cognitive functions between the three age groups as well as the high level of education which may have acted as a protective factor. Future studies should examine reading comprehension in Anglophone adults with lower levels of education to better understand whether education is a protective factor against a decline in reading comprehension abilities in the aging population.


The value of the commonly required routine annual medical examination of occupational divers has been questioned, and there is a need for a robust, evidence‐based system of health surveillance for this group of workers.


ABSTRACT Resource partitioning allows for interspecific coexistence and is frequently reported for similar species. Here, we predicted the existence of resource partitioning among species of Astyanax that co-occur in the Low Iguaçu River and tributaries in Brazil. A total of 848 stomachs of five species of Astyanax were analyzed. Algae, terrestrial plant and fruit/seed were the most consumed resources. Astyanax bifasciatus and A. dissimilis had predominantly herbivorous diets, A. gymnodontus and A. lacustris were omnivorous, and A. minor was mainly algivorous. Permutational analysis of variance showed the species had different diets, and similarity percentage analysis indicated that fruit/seed and terrestrial plant contributed the most to this differentiation. A paired comparison indicated that the trophic breadth of A. gymnodontus differed from that of other species. The food overlap was low for 55% of Astyanax pairs. These results showed alignment with the niche theory, in which differentiation in the use of food resources facilitates the coexistence of species and minimizes competition. These adjustments to coexistence become relevant in the context of endemic species in a highly isolated basin under intense threat (dams, species introduction, deforestation, and pollution) as is the case for the Iguaçu River basin.


Laboratory experiments of flow through epoxy replicas of intersecting natural fractures show that solute transport deviates significantly from predictions of two‐dimensional streamline routing through parallel plate intersections. Surface roughness in intersecting fractures causes two major discrepancies between mixing experiments and the parallel plate predictions. First, the fluids exiting the intersection are not uniformly mixed, but consist of ribbons with varied solute concentrations which tend to follow streamlines in the flow. Some of these streams maintain a nearly pure inlet fluid composition as they exit the intersection and traverse the outlet fracture. Second, when the outlet fluids are collected and homogenized, we find that this complex redirection of streamlines within natural rough‐walled fracture intersections results in more total mixing than is predicted by the parallel plate model.


Life beneath glaciers requires efficient adaptive strategies in order to thrive in these extreme habitats that are characterized by nutrient and energy limitation, low temperatures and reduced water availability. Together with the deep subsurface and the deep oceanic basins, subglacial (beneath glaciers) environments are among the last biosphere-exploration frontiers on Earth. At present we have only a vague idea about the types of organisms that live beneath ice sheets and glaciers as well as their characteristics (Willerslev et al., 1999, 2007). As a consequence we do not know what will happen to them as climate amelioration causes glaciers worldwide to recede and disappear. What we observe today in almost all glacierised regions of the World is that previous subglacial environments change into proglacial (in front of glaciers) environments, where the environmental conditions are very different. In this chapter we will provide an overview of our current knowledge on the subglacial and proglacial ecosystems, and highlight potential consequences of climate change on these habitats. The multidisciplinary study of subglacial and proglacial ecosystems, is only in its infancy and the literature is rapidly expanding. The reported results are not only relevant for our understanding of biological diversity and adaptability in general, but they also provide the foundation for hypotheses on how we imagine life survived during the periods where the Earth was totally ice-covered (the so-called Snowball Earth glaciations) and how life may survive on Earth in case of a global nuclear disaster (the so-called Nuclear Winter). In fact, the results may seed far-reaching theories on whether subglacial environments may host past or present extra-terrestrial (astrobiological) habitats on Mars, Jupiter's moon Europa, Saturn's moon Titan, and even on planets and moons beyond our solar system (Des Marais et al., 2008). In addition, cold-adapted organisms may also provide a valuable source for enzymes that may have biotechnological applications (Reddy et al., 2009). A prerequisite for life as we know it is liquid water required for biochemical processes, electrochemical gradients and transfer of chemical substances. The occurrence of water in subglacial environments is largely dependent on the subglacial thermal regime. Beneath cold-based glaciers, i.e. glaciers where the sole is frozen to the substratum, liquid water is a limited resource and may be primarily restricted to a few subglacial channels. However, it


With knitting once again enjoying a huge surge in popularity, the relevance and renewal of this craft was celebrated with an exhibition and conference in summer 2008. The source of inspiration for these two events was the Knitting Collections held by the University of Southampton Library.


The utility model discloses a dust helmet of mechanical equipment, which comprises a dustproof frame, a cable wire, a moving part and two sections of dustcloth, wherein the two ends of the dustproof frame are respectively provided with two winding shafts which are both provided with gears, and the gears positioned at the same end of the dustproof frame are meshed with each other; the two ends of the cable wire are respectively wound on the two winding shafts at the inner side of the dustproof frame; one end of each of the two sections of dustcloth is respectively wound on the two winding shafts at the outer side of the dustproof frame, the other ends of the two sections of dustcloth are fixedly connected with the moving part. The dust helmet can avoid parts inside the equipment being polluted, and the structure is light and is convenient for disassembly and assembly as well as moving.


ABSTRACT Sixty-five relatives of patients with Graves' disease were studied with respect to their immunological status using the E-rosette counts, E-rosette inhibition test, migration inhibition factor (MIF) in response to thyroid antigens, and thyroid antibodies. Seventy-six percent of the relatives showed significant anti-thyroglobulin titers. Eighty-five percent of relatives exhibited evidence of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The most consistently positive test was the anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) E-rosette inhibition test, taken as a measure of T lymphocyte sensitization. Inhibition concentrations (dose of ATG necessary to inhibit rosette formation by 25%) showed a continuous gradation from the normal range to values consistent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. MIF was present in 54% of the relatives studied and similar results were obtained for E-rosette counts. These observations suggest that the inheritance of the phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity is a dominant in these families


Objective The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the functional and radiological outcome of a multi-planar corrective osteotomy, distraction and locking fixed angle volar plate as the standard of treatment of distal radius mal-unions that require multi-planar correction. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on 13 consecutive patients – 4 males, 9 females (mean age 49). All patients underwent volar approach, open wedge distraction osteotomy locking fixed angle volar plate and cancellous bone grafting Radiographic measurements and functional assessments were taken preoperatively, 3, 6 months and one year. Results Time to surgery from the original fracture had a mean of 17.4 months (range 8–36 months). Mean follow-up was 16.4 months (range from 6 to 45 months). Osteotomy healing time was 11.3 weeks on average. All radiographic measurements improved postoperatively, ten patients had an average of 18.84 degrees of dorsal tilt which was corrected to a volar tilt of 9.17 degrees on average. Ulna variance was initially positive in all patients with an average of 2.6 mm which was corrected to less than one (0.96 mm); three patients had radial angulations of 20.6 degrees on average, which were fully corrected postoperatively. Flexion-extension arc has improved with significant difference and so has the grip and pinch strength. The average DASH and SF12 scores has shown figures comparative to the normal population post deformity correction Complications included one case of low grade wound infection and one case of postoperative symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Conclusion The described technique is a useful means to correct distal radius anatomy and function; however patients should be aware that it is not always possible to regain full function and anatomy.


Aaron Smith died on June 13, 1998. He was a past president and founding member of the International Neuropsychological Society, Charter Member and Diplomate of the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology, Editor of the International Journal of Neuroscience and Professor Emeritus of the University of Michigan. He also developed the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and the Michigan Neuropsychological Battery. In both cases he employed a rationale which permitted differentiation of impairments in higher cognitive functions that the tests were designed to measure from deficits in lower sensory input and motor output modalities which were required to carry out the tests.


We investigate electron spin relaxation in p-type GaAs quantum wells from a fully microscopic kinetic spin Bloch equation approach, with all the relevant scatterings, such as electron–impurity, electron–phonon, electron–electron Coulomb, electron–hole Coulomb and electron–hole exchange (the Bir–Aronov–Pikus (BAP) mechanism) scatterings, explicitly included. Via this approach, we examine the relative importance of the D'yakonov–Perel' (DP) and BAP mechanisms in wide ranges of temperature, hole density, excitation density and impurity density, and present a phase-diagram-like picture showing the parameter regime where the DP or BAP mechanism is more important. It is discovered that in the impurity-free case the temperature regime where the BAP mechanism is more efficient than the DP one is around the hole Fermi temperature for high hole density, regardless of excitation density. However, in the high impurity density case with the impurity density identical to the hole density, this regime is roughly from the electron Fermi temperature to the hole Fermi temperature. Moreover, we predict that for the impurity-free case, in the regime where the DP mechanism dominates the spin relaxation at all temperatures, the temperature dependence of the spin relaxation time (SRT) presents a peak around the hole Fermi temperature, which originates from the electron–hole Coulomb scattering. We also predict that at low temperature, the hole-density dependence of the electron SRT exhibits a double-peak structure in the impurity-free case, whereas it shows first a peak and then a valley in the case of identical impurity and hole densities. These intriguing behaviors are due to the contribution from holes in high subbands.


By introducing a novel outer bound, we find a sufficient condition for optimality of $\sum_{k=1}^K M_k/2$ degrees of freedom (half the cake per user) for a $K$-user multiple-input- multiple-output (MIMO) interference channel (IC) where the cross-channels have arbitrary rank constraints, and the $k^{th}$ transmitter and receiver are equipped with $M_k$ antennas each. The result consolidates and significantly generalizes results from prior studies by Krishnamurthy et al., of rank-deficient interference channels where all users have $M$ antennas; and by Tang et al., of full rank interference channels where the $k^{th}$ user pair has $M_k$ antennas.


This paper explores the driver/receiver conflict problem in interconnect testing with bidirectional pins and 3-state output pins in boundary-scan. The objective is to have a higher-level (higher than chip) designer be aware of this conflict. Some existing algorithms are reviewed.<<ETX>>


Software's lack of reproduction costs provides benefits to not just legitimate developers but also people who want to use software for criminal purposes. The software community must address this issue or risk disenfranchising the users on whom the software industry depends.


BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Aortosternopexy from a left anterolateral thoracotomy is the procedure of choice in severe tracheomalacia. The authors report an alternative technique of modified thoracoscopic aortopericardiosternopexy.

METHODS
Thoracoscopy under mild CO2 insufflation (insufflation pressures 4 to 6 mm Hg) provides excellent access without selective intubation. The importance of visualizing the phrenic nerve, mobilization of the thymus without disrupting its vascular supply, and intraoperative bronchoscopy is stressed. The technique of passing the needle through the sternum and back is shown. In long segment tracheomalacia, not only the ascending aorta, but also the innominate artery and base of the pericardium are fixed to the sternum, and the effect is monitored by intraoperative bronchoscopy.

RESULTS
This technique was dramatically successful in a 4-year-old boy with long segment tracheomalacia and as a redo procedure in a 2-year-old girl after failed open aortopexy.

CONCLUSION
Thoracoscopic aortopexy seems to be as effective as open aortopexy.


In this paper, we give an overview of the MusiClef Brave New Task at MediaEval 2012. After introducing the background of the task and related initiatives in the music information retrieval domain, we give an overview of the actual task and baseline results obtained for a reference implementation by the task organizers.


A rare case of median artery with unusually high origin and superficial course, also termed superficial brachiomedian artery, was observed during routine anatomical dissection of the right upper extremity of a 63-year-old Caucasian female cadaver. The aberrant artery arose from the initial part of the brachial artery. In the arm region it followed a superficial course and at the elbow passed beneath the bicipital aponeurosis. In the upper third of the forearm, the variant artery passed under the muscular belly of the palmaris longus and flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. Accompanying the median nerve, the unusual median artery passed through the carpal tunnel and participated in the formation of the superficial palmar arch. Due to its variant course and location, the superficial brachiomedian artery may cause compression on the nerve within the carpal


In the present study we evaluate the overall cost efficiency of a network of branches of a single large public sector bank in India within the city of Calcutta using the data for the year 2012. Our objective is to determine the optimal number of branches within a postal district that could provide the observed amounts of banking services to the customers in that area at the minimum operating cost. Our DEA results show that there is an evidence of 'over-branching' and for the entire network reducing the total number of branches would be more cost efficient. However, there are numerous instances, where increasing the number of branches within a market area would be optimal.


Short laser light pulses have a large number of applications in many civilian and military applications [1-10]. To a large percentage these short laser pulses are generated by solid state lasers using various active media types (crystals, glasses or ceramic) operated in Qswitching and/or mode-locking techniques [1-10]. Among the short light pulses laser generators, those operated in Q-switching regime and emitting pulses of nanosecond FWHM duration occupy a large part of civilian (material processing for example: nanomaterials formation by using ablation technique [3,7]) and military (projectile guidance over long distances and range finding) applications. Basically, Q-switching operation relies on a fast switching of laser resonator quality factor Q from a low value (corresponding to large optical losses) to a high one (representing low radiation losses). Depending on the proposed application, two main Q-switching techniques are used: active, based on electrical (in some cases operation with high voltages up to about 1 kV being necessary) or mechanical (spinning speeds up to about 1 kHz being used) actions on an optical component at least, coming from the outside of the laser resonator, and passive relying entirely on internal to the laser resonator induced variation of one optical component transmittance.


Summary

In this paper an algorithm for high impedance fault detection is presented. This algorithm uses dual tree complex wavelet transform to extract the features of disturbance signals according to the post- and pre-disturbance data windows. There are also a frequency tracking unit and a disturbance detection unit in this algorithm for enhancing the resolution of features. A trained probabilistic neural network is used to discriminate between the fault and other events. EMTP-RV has been used for simulation of various events with different conditions for training and testing the algorithm. As this algorithm uses the features extracted from the events, the fault detection can be done with more reliability. Results of implementing the algorithm for high impedance fault detection in a distribution test feeder show a high level of dependability and security. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The present document presents the French way EU agricultural policies have been, are, and will be, implemented, considering not only the means but also financing resources and procedures to achieve the national agricultural goals. For a better understanding a review of the CAP foundations is firstly provided in order to address the historic issues of the evolution of European agricultural policies. Then, main agricultural highlights of the French situation are briefly depicted, in order to better frame the two head points that are the French translation of markets policy on the one hand and of rural development on the other hand. Both issues are policy-oriented and sketches of national underlying strategies are given whenever the available data were relevant enough.


Spatial distribution of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) particles was evaluated using point process statistics. Presence of aggregate particles was treated by thinning points of SAP from a basic process. K function of SAP in the thinned point process was compared with that in actual mortars. SAP in the mortars clustered more than in the thinned process. Aggregate had a certain effect to promote clustering of SAP particles. The clustering tendency in the mortars depended on sizes of SAP particles. Differences in autogenous shrinkage behaviors of the mortars can be related to inhomogeneous supply of internal water from the clustered SAP at early ages.


Global climate models(GCMs) have been used widely for climate change impact studies;however,the spatial resolution of GCMs is too coarse to resolve regional scale effects and local impacts.Downscaling techniques can improve regional or local estimates of variables from GCM outputs.In this study,two statistical downscaling methods,an automated statistical downscaling(ASD) model and statistical downscaling(SDSM) model were used to downscale daily maximum/minimum temperature and daily precipitation and to construct future climate change scenarios for 2046-2065 and 2081-2100.Outputs from the general circulation model(BCCR) under A1B scenarios and ERA-40 reanalysis data(used to test the models over the calibration period 1961-1990,and variation period 1991-2000) were compared with observed temperature and precipitation data from eight meteorological stations in the Taihu Basin.The results underline limitations to downscaling precipitation and the strength when downscaling air temperature.When selecting predictors,the quality of SDSM results depended mostly on the skill of the user,and the best VIF and bias were obtained by trial and error;however,similar results could be obtained using ASD with ease.During the calibration and validation procedures,both ASD and SDSM methods performed well,but ASD performed better than SDSM.For future precipitation and temperature,ASD and SDSM showed similar patterns,and changes in maximum and minimum temperature were not obvious.On the whole,the simulations for annual averages of ASD rose slightly,while the values of SDSM decreased slightly.The precipitation generated by these two methods varied greatly:the deviation of ASD between future periods and the baseline period(1961-2000) was much smaller than for SDSM.The comparison of SDSM and ASD models indicates that neither could perform well for all stations and seasons.However,considering our simulation results and other studies,we conclude that ASD performs better than SDSM in the Taibu Basin.Future studies should use multi-source GCM inputs to provide better results and non-linear approaches like artificial neural networks to reduce observation noise.


In view of the fact that modern society has a range of origins causing disability, the population of acquired crippled is escalating. Hence, it is obligatory to facilitate every visitors can utilize facility equitably because public libraries are being changed to compounded service area. Particularly, it is urgent to manage space planning and accommodation by considerate the requirement traits of disabled who are a susceptible social group about knowledge information. This study analysis installation of toilet, the inevitable factor of hygiene facility, for disabled equipped in four different public libraries in Daegu with related on the standards of establishment for prolonged stay through advanced research and legislation connected on handicapped. This study provides foundation data to establish construction plan for disabled to alleviate inconvenience of taking service of public library, and to compose satisfying hygiene facility.


The contaminated lake water was treated with 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.15% of potash alum. After one hour of treatment, undesirable particles settled down at the bottom of the container. Three fourth portion of the water was thendecanted and analysed for chemical, viable and indicator organisms like coliform and Faecal coliform. The sample that was treated with 0.1% alum for 3 hours was found to comply with chemical and Microbiological specification 1 - 2 of potable water. Though the sample was found to be acidic (pH 4.7) and the aluminium content a little higher (0.57 mg/l), the alum treated water was found to be free from pathogenic organisms.


Cohesive films of a series of chromium(III) tris(phosphinates)[Cr(OPRR′O)(OPR″-R‴O)(OPR*R**O)]y in which the side groups on the phosphorus are alkyl, phenyl, and/or hydrogen groups have been prepared by reaction casting or by hot pressing. The preparative reaction appears to involve conversion of an aquahydroxo or hydroxo chromium(III) bis(phosphinate) to an intermediate hydroxo bis(phosphinate) containing coordinated phosphinic acid followed by an intrachain reaction leading to the tris(phosphinate). Tensile strengths of the chromium(III) tris(phosphinates) range from 100 to 5600 psi, elongations from less than 1 to 100%. Thermogravimetric data indicate that major decomposition occurs at temperatures from 200 to 435°C in air and from 410 to 510°C in nitrogen. Infrared spectra and physical properties are interpreted to support a structure for the chromium(III) tris(phosphinates) which is based on linear, triple-bridged chains. The presence of octyl or other long alkyl side groups on the phosphorus improves the physical properties, presumably by internal plasticization, but leads to decreased thermal stability.


This project initiated the development of a computerized database of intelligent transportation system (ITS) facilities, including conduits, junction boxes, cameras, connections, etc. The current system consists of a database of conduit sections of various lengths. Over the length of a section, materials sometimes change and the numbers, types, and locations of junction boxes are unknown. The accurate location of conduits in the medium and long-term can be best undertaken with a cross-referenced segment and junction box inventory. This work focused on fiber optic conduit and junction boxes and the development of a detailed database of segment-level conduits. It involved locating, surveying, and inspecting various conduits and junction boxes to allow the identification of physical characteristics (diameter, length, material, etc.) and location characteristics (global positioning system (GPS) coordinates, soil type, under asphalt/concrete/grass, proximity to other utilities/clutter, etc.). This field verification will improve the quality and accuracy of inventory information for future construction and expansion of the network. The existing inventory database(s) of the ITS fiber optic conduit system, which are at the section level and do not include junction box data, was used as a starting point for the development of an expanded and improved system. A joint College of New Jersey and New Jersey Institute of Technology team worked to develop the system.


An apparatus having a pivoted arm mounted on a base for seizing and releasing an article that is hinged at one end and which includes a control link that maintains a fixed length while the arm moves the article about its hinged end between preset positions, but changes its length and thereby provides a signal indicating that the arm has seized the article when the latter is moved in a direction opposite to the normal movement.


Five hundred and sixty blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) from central California were found to have no larval anisakid nematodes. The diet and presence of larval anisakids in S. mystinus are compared to five other species of rockfishes form the same kelp forest. Sebastes mystinus was successfully infected with larval anisakids in laboratory experiments. It is suggested that host diet plays an important role in limiting natural infections.


Objectives:Cooling following cardiac arrest can improve survival significantly. However, delays in achieving target temperature may decrease the overall benefits of cooling. Here, we test whether lipid emulsion, a clinically approved drug reported to exert cardioprotection, can rescue heart contractility in the setting of delayed cooling in stunned mouse cardiomyocytes. Design:Cell culture study. Setting:Academic research laboratory. Subjects:Cardiomyocytes isolated from 1- to 2-day-old C57BL6 mice. Interventions:Cardiomyocytes were exposed to 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 90 minutes of reperfusion and 10 minutes of isoproterenol with nine interventions: 1) no additional treatment; 2) intraischemic cooling at 32°C initiated 10 minutes prior to reperfusion; 3) delayed cooling started 20 minutes after reperfusion; 4) lipid emulsion + delayed cooling; 5) lipid emulsion (0.25%) administered at reperfusion; 6) lipid emulsion + intraischemic cooling; 7) delayed lipid emulsion; 8) lipid emulsion + delayed cooling + Akt inhibitor (API-2, 10 µM); and 9) lipid emulsion + delayed cooling + Erk inhibitor (U0126, 10 µM). Inhibitors were given to cells 1 hour prior to ischemia. Measurements and Main Results:Contractility was recorded by real-time phase-contrast imaging and analyzed with pulse image velocimetry in MATLAB (Mathworks, Natick, MA). Ischemia diminished cell contraction. The cardioprotective effect of cooling was diminished when delayed but was rescued by lipid emulsion. Further, lipid emulsion on its own improved recovery of the contractility to a greater extent as intraischemic cooling. However, cotreatment of lipid emulsion and intraischemic cooling did not further improve the recovery compared to either treatment alone. Furthermore, Akt and Erk inhibitors blocked lipid emulsion–induced protection. Conclusions:Lipid emulsion improved contractility and rescued contractility in the context of delayed cooling. This protective effect required Akt and Erk signaling. Lipid emulsion might serve as a treatment or adjunct to cooling in ameliorating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.


Fourteen Boer (75%) x Spanish wether goats (51 ± 1.8 kg BW and 23 mo of age) were used to determine effects of a moderate degree of nutrient restriction on heat production (HP). The experiment consisted of a 26-d period (P1) followed by one of 46 d (P2). Wethers were fasted on the final 4 d of each period, with gas exchange measured on the last 2 d. Fasting was preceded by collection of feces and urine for 7 d, with the final 2 d for gas exchange. All wethers were fed a 60% concentrate diet at a level of intake near maintenance in P1 (P1-100 and P1-80 treatments). In P2, six wethers continued on this level of intake (P2-100 treatment); to mimic procedures in a separate experiment, eight wethers also continued at this level for 15 d but then had ME intake sequentially reduced by 10 and 20% for 10 and 21 d, respectively (P2-80 treatment). Dietary ME concentration in period 2 was greater (P < 0.05) for 80 than for 100 treatments (13.2 vs 12.4 MJ/kg DM). Intake of ME was lowest (P < 0.05) for P2-80 (529, 535, 552 and 474 kJ/kg BW0.75 (fasted) for P1-100, P1-80, P2-100, and P2-80, respectively). Fed HP was lowest (P < 0.05) for P2-80 (495, 505, 467, and 406 kJ/kg BW0.75), whereas that while fasting was similar among treatments (287, 279, 273, and 253 kJ/kg BW0.75 for P1-100, P1-80, P2-100, and P2-80, respectively). The ME requirement for maintenance (MEm) was greater (P < 0.05) in P1 than P2 (477, 487, 421, and 376 kJ/kg BW0.75), and when analyzed for P2 separately MEm was lower (P < 0.10; 374 vs 425 kJ/kg BW0.75) and the efficiency of ME use for maintenance was greater (P < 0.08) for P2-80 than for P2-100 (0.689 vs 0.625). In conclusion, moderate feed intake restriction impacted HP by mature meat goats largely via decreasing that associated with or responsive to nutrient intake or workload rather than physiological processes responsible for fasting HP, with a magnitude of change in MEm 65% of that in ME intake. Supported by USDA Project No. 00-38814-9500.


Seventy-two pediatric patients (44 females and 28 males) had esophagogastroduodenoscopy over a 2-year period. In 27 of 32 patients with a history of epigastric pain and heartburn, the endoscopy was...


A method of generating differential operators is used to solve the spectral problem for a generalisation of the Sylvester-Kac matrix. As a by-product, we find a linear differential operator with polynomial coefficients of the first order that has a finite sequence of polynomial eigenfunctions generalising the operator considered by M. Kac.


The finance management system software for the enterprise, the foreign trade department correlation report form and information network processing has provided the support. This article has explained the question and the key to the situation which the establishment and the consummation financial management system process appears. The material management, the book management, the financial analysis are the enterprise financial control important composition department also is the primary coverage which the software designs. To the system design thought, the performance history has made the detailed elaboration. In develops this system in the process, has used the software engineering one whole set method, by function division mold module independent, and the parallel cooperation opens has guaranteed the system feasibility and the usability. And probe into the implementation of the financial management system in ERP.


A search for cases of fcreign bodies in the trachea and bronchi in literature after 1970 revealed a total of 166 cases.The author analized these cases as well as his own cases and confirmed that the Holzknecht's sign is a reliable criterion for diagnosis of a foreign body in the lower airway although the sign is not always prominent in every case. The review of the literature also indicated that foreign bcdies in infants, iatrcgenic and radiolucent foreign bodies appear to be of major interest to otolaryngologists. Indication for tracheotomy in removal of foreign bodies and for ventilating bronchoscopy is discussed.The author pointed to the recent increasing trend of choice of flexible bronchoscopy for removal of foreign bcdies and concluded that further development of the techniques in this field could be achieved by learning various difficulties that were experienced by our predecessors who used only hard bronchoscopes.


The Swiss authorities are considering a ban on "suicide tourism," after a Briton with advanced motor neurone disease ended his life in Zurich with the help of the assisted suicide group Dignitas.

Reginald Crew, 74, a former car worker from Merseyside, flew to the city with his wife and daughter on 20 January and died after taking a drink laced with a lethal dose of barbiturates. The number of foreigners travelling to Zurich to kill themselves grew from just three in 2000 to 55 last year. But a bill …


OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of laser lithotripsy in different Ho-YAG laser settings with a wide range of energies, frequencies and power.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two types of phantom stones were utilized including soft stone, which mimics uric acid stone, and hard stone, which mimics calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) stone. The stones were made into a round shape measuring 10 mm in diameter. The lithotripsy settings were 1Jx20Hz, 2Jx10Hz, 1.5Jx20Hz, 3Jx10Hz and 2Jx20Hz. The lithotripsy was conducted in a calyceal model with a 2 mm filter. All stone vanishing from the artificial calyx was an end point of the experiment. All fragments that passed through the filter of each setting were dried and weighed to calculate the vaporizing effect as well as to compare among the different settings. Laser fiber degradation was compared using these settings.

RESULTS
Disintegration efficiency was determined by time consumption and the amount of vaporized stone. The best time consumption was 8min 51sec for 2Jx20Hz for hard stone and 5min 13sec for this setting for soft stone. The most vaporizing effect for hard stone was 92.19% for 2Jx20Hz and 87.30% for this setting for soft stone. The most fiber tip degradation was 28mm for 3Jx10Hz for hard stone and 4mm for 1.5Jx20Hz for soft stone.

CONCLUSION
The study revealed the best setting for hard stone was 2Jx20Hz, which was the fastest for achieving maximum vaporization, while fiber degeneration was comparable to others. For soft stone, there was no difference among the settings.


We study private expansion and revision operators in a multi-agent setting. More precisely, we study the changes induced by a new piece of information made available to only one agent in a KD45n model. We point out a translation of AGM expansion and revision postulates to this setting, and define specific expansion and revision operators.


The author presents theoretical analysis of the psychological and acmeological characteristics of military members' professional growth. We present specific features of military service and possible deformations of the military member's individuality, which can greatly hinder his professional growth. The study covers prospects of investigating military acmeology problems. It is noted that the process of becoming a professional military member has an extremely complex and controversial character. The efficiency ofthis process largely depends on true knowledge and full consideration of specific features of military service that affect the soldiers' psyche. Applied aspect of the problem under study can be implemented to solutions of practical problems of acmeological and psychological support for professional development of military staff.


The currently increasing demand for photo-masks in the regime of the 14nm technology drives many initiatives towards capacity and throughput increase of existing production line. Such improvements are facilitated by improved control mechanisms of the tools and processes used within a production line. While process control of long range parameters such as the average CD behavior is demanding yet conceptually well understood, other parameters such as the small scales CD properties are quite often elusive to process control. These properties often require a dedicated test mask to be processed in order to be validated. In this paper we introduce a systematic approach towards a product based monitoring of small scale CD behavior which uses a CD characteristic extracted from the defect inspection process. This characteristic represents the influence of CD relevant processes starting from 200m up to 4000 m. Large variations in the scale and magnitude of the CD characteristic are induced by layout specific design variations. However, the shape of these distinct curves is remarkably similar, which enables their use for monitoring as well as controlling the mask processes on the above stated spatial scales. In this paper it is demonstrated, that a meaningful process evaluation can be performed by using the classification capabilities of the support vector machines. The small scales CD characteristics presented in figure 1 originate from two distinct tools. Matching of the two tools can be assessed by training a support vector machine to classify the small scales CD characteristics according to their origin. The classification performance on the resampled training set as well as on the validation set is a robust measure for tool matching. The results of this approach are depicted in figure 2. The left panel shows the AUC statistics of bootstrapping resamples for tool comparison "A". In this case no noticeable difference between the two tools is found (an average AUC of 0.55 suggest no learnable difference). This is contrasted by the tool comparison "B", here the classifier has an average AUC of 0.75, indicating a learnable difference in the tool performances. This result is backed by the process understand of both tool types.


Collecting and storing solar energy to hydrogen fuel through a photo‐electrochemical (PEC) cell provides a clean and renewable pathway for future energy demands. Having earth‐abundance, low biotoxicity, robustness, and an ideal n‐type band position, hematite (α‐Fe2O3), the most common natural form of iron oxide, has occupied the research hotspot for decades. Here, a close look into recent progress of hematite photoanodes for PEC water splitting is provided. Effective approaches are introduced, such as cocatalysts loading and surface passivation layer deposition, to improve the hematite surface reaction in thermodynamics and kinetics. Second, typical methods for enhancing light absorption and accelerating charge transport in hematite bulk are reviewed, concentrating upon doping and nanostructuring. Third, the back contact between hematite and substrate, which affects interface states and electron transfer, is deliberated. In addition, perspectives on the key challenges and future prospects for the development of hematite photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting are given.


The cerebral cortex is connected to sub-cortical structures through multiple hierarchically organized descending and ascending pathways. Cortical representations of subcortical neural activity reflect embedded complex spatiotemporal dynamics. Past studies extensively examined the molecular, cellular and circuit properties of intracortical and cortico-subcortical pathways. It remains poorly understood how the spiking activity of a cortical or subcortical neuron is associated with cortex-wide network dynamics. In this study, we use simultaneously recorded mesoscale calcium imaging and behavior video as multi-modality for predicting neuron spiking on awake mice. A novel group patch wise classification and asymptotic model is proposed to address the ultra imbalanced spikes prediction problem. Experiments demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed classification and asymptotic predicting strategies. Our empirical results reveal that the spike activities of neurons were associated with distinct cortical calcium signals and behavior information,which was observed that ongoing neural cortical activity encodes a high-dimensional latent signal of behavior and sensory.


It is common to cool notebook SOCs using heat pipes, heat sinks and fans. The heat pipes carry heat from the SOC to heat sink(s), and airflow from fan(s) carry the heat away from the heat sink(s) to the ambient. Heat pipes are normally soldered to a cold plate and the cold plate sit on top of the SOC with an intermediate thin layer of thermal interface material. Copper is commonly used as the cold plate material (Figure 4).In this paper, a comparison has been done on the relative thermal performance of a standard copper cold plate and a high conductivity silver-diamond composite material [1], [2], cold plate. A zoom-in, simplified CFD model of the main heat flow path from the SOC to the heat exchanger has been developed and used, and the cold plate material has been switched between cases. The model has been subject to burst power scenarios. Junction temperature of the SOC has been monitored for a given power distribution. Relative burst thermal performance has been compared between the two cold plate materials.Burst thermal performance benefits with the use of silver-diamond composite cold plate has been observed.


Explicit design equations for combline and interdigital filters with tapped-line inputs are presented. The equations are based on an equivalent circuit for a tapped-line input filter, derived from the open-wire-line equivalent circuit given by E.G. Cristal (ibid., vol.23, no.12, p.1007-113, 1975). Using the new equivalent circuit, explicit expressions are given for all parameters of the circuit. The design equations are checked by an analysis program. The results are compared to the data given by M. Dishal (ibid., vol.13, no.9, p.696-8, 1965) and E.G. Cristal. >


Investigation into real-time performance analysis and allocation of system resources to meet throughout and response time requirements has resulted in a proposed methodology for structuring software for real-time distributed systems. A queueing network model is used to estimate real-time performance for alternative software partitions, and those partitions which can satisfy user performance requirements while requiring minimal resources are determined. The current work is limited to feed-forward, pipelined structures. Partition blocks are formed by merging user-specified modules, and the required processing power to meet user requirements is then determined. A two queue model, representing module service and communications, is analyzed using queueing network approximation. The results show that the optimal solution set can be determined using a branch and bound approach. An example of the application of the results to a real system is provided. The results have been implemented as a user-interactive software structuring tool.


According to the analysis of the differences between the maintenance reconstruction programs and the newly-built programs and their specialty,the paper points out the methods to solve the problems from the construction feasible research,the design,the bidding,and the construction management,so as to implement the management of the maintenance reconstruction programs effectively.


A practical version of solving the problem of determining the optimal choice of compensating devices is considered, which consists in determining the placement locations, installed capacities, and optimal loading of reactive power sources both in designed and operating distribution networks and systems taking into account the totality of electric operating conditions. The main theoretical principles of statistical modeling of electric load, calculation of electric energy losses, and other integral characteristics of operating modes determined on its basis are presented. An approach to construction of the expression for the objective function of calculated costs and its components is shown, using which it is possible to carry out an optimization search in the space of parameters characterizing a set of operating conditions using the mathematical model of stochastic optimization developed on the basis of the generalized reduced gradient mathematical model of stochastic optimization developed on the basis of the generalized reduced gradient method.


There are multiple ways components can be shielded on printed circuit boards. MicroShield integrated RF shielding is a new conformally applied shielding technology that outperforms others by reducing radiated power significantly and minimizing EMI/RFI interference. Plus, it eliminates sensitivity to board placement.


The invention relates to a gamma ray detector combined form (D) for measuring incident gamma ray (10), comprising an element forming an active coded aperture detector plane of the upper level (12) adapted to detect an incident gamma ray; and an element forming an active gamma ray detector plane of the lower level (14) spaced from the plane (12) for detecting an incident gamma ray. The detector (D) runs, at low gamma-ray energies, such as a conventional coded aperture system, and at higher gamma ray energies, such as a sensor device diffusion Compton.L'invention also relates to a method of gamma ray detector used in this device.


Airplane as one of the important transport vehicles in our life, its safety problem related to in-flight fire has attracted a wide-spread attention. The combustion behavior of the cabin fire in flight shows some special characteristics because of the high-altitude environment with low-pressure and low oxygen concentration. A low-pressure chamber of size 2 m×3 m×2 m has been built to simulate high-altitude environments, where multiple static pressures for pool fire tests can be configured in the range between standard atmospheric pressure 101.3KPa and 30KPa. Two different sizes of pool fires were tested. Then corresponding modeling were conducted by a LES code FDS V5.5 to examine the mechanism of pressure effect on the n-Heptane pool fire behavior. The burning of liquid fuel was modeled by a Clausius-Clapeyron relation based liquid pyrolysis model. The modeling data was validated against the experimental measurements. The mass burning rate of free-burning pool fire decreases with the decreasing of pressure, which was observed from the modeling to be due to the reduction of flame heat feedback to the fuel surface. Under low pressure, the fire plume temperature increases for the same burning rate. The mechanism of pressure effect on fire behavior was analyzed based on the modeling data.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Citation: Morino K, Murakami T, Dodo Y, et al. Characteristics of diabetic capillary nonperfusion in macular and extramacular white spots on optical coherence tomography angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60:1595–1603. https://doi.org/ 10.1167/iovs.18-26534 PURPOSE. To compare the characteristics of macular and extramacular white spots on widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in diabetic retinopathy (DR).


E948 CMAJ | July 18, 2022 | Volume 194 | Issue 27 © 2022 CMA Impact Inc. or its licensors In recent research evaluating the health of Black people in Canada, many terms have been used to define who is Black. These include "Black individuals, people or communities;"1,2 "Black Canadians;"3 "African-Canadians;"4 "African;" "Caribbean;"5 "Black Africans;"6 "African-Caribbean or African and Caribbean communities;"7 "African Caribbean and Black"8 or "African, Caribbean and Black;"9 "African Nova Scotians," "Black Nova Scotians," "Individuals or people with African Descent" and "Black ethnicity."10,11 The use of these varying expressions when describing Black people in health research hinders the comparability and usefulness of studies' findings. I argue that researchers should aim to use accur ate and discriminant terminology consistently to maximize the usefulness of Black health research in Canada. The term "African-Canadians," which mirrors the use of "African Americans" in the United States, may be considered problematic. It may exclude Black people of Caribbean and other origins and may include people who do not identify as Black, such as people from Northern or South Africa (e.g., Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt). The term "Black Canadians" semantically excludes Black people living, working or studying in Canada who are not citizens. The term "African, Caribbean and Black communities" is increasingly used for the sake of maximal inclusion. However, it may be too unspecific to be useful in studies of health outcomes for Black people in Canada. In addition to potentially including people from Africa who do not identify as Black, it may include people from the Caribbean who identify as Latino. Health surveys and administrative questionnaires often ask people to identify themselves as "African, Caribbean or Black," but people may be African and white or Arab, or Caribbean and Latino. The problem is not solved by asking people about their continental or subcontinental origin (e.g., Sub-Saharan Africa), which may be checked by people of many different ethnicities whose actual experiences differ remarkably when living in Canada. Moreover, studies rarely differentiate between Black people whose ancestors have resided in Canada for centuries and those who are recent immigrants. Further complicating the issue, the 2016 Canadian Census indicated that the 10th most commonly listed country of origin for people in Canada who self-identified as Black was the US.12 Two reviews serve as examples of this problem: a 2019 scoping review of breast and cervical cancer among "Black Canadian" women included 23 studies,13 of which only 7 had unambiguously Black participants. Some of these studies considered Africa as a single block (with a few clarifying that African-origin populations included many participants from North Africa who may actually self-identify as Arab)12 and others included people from the Caribbean, and Latin and Central America. Potential inclusion of participants who are not Black makes interpretation of the findings of the review difficult. Some studies have clarified that their sample labelled "Africa" included populations from North Africa that were predominantly Arab.14,15 A 2020 scoping review that reported on the prevalence of substance use among African, Caribbean and Black people in Canada included 25 studies; fewer than 5 included results from exclusively Black people.16 Some of the included studies did not specify whether participants were Black, but rather whether they were immigrants, African or Caribbean. Accurate, reliable and unambiguous data should be used for research to inform public health policies, training policies for health care workers and culturally appropriate and antiracist health care practices for Black communities. Inability to find a common term to describe Black people in health research in Canada may perpetuate inequities and hamper useful research on Black health in Canada. Commentary Health services


Aiming at the problem that the current traditional fieldbus cannot meet the performance requirements of complex industrial environment, a solution is proposed using LAN9252 chip as EtherCat slave controller and ARM chip as microprocessor. First, the LAN9252 is used as the slave control module, responsible for data reading, writing and verification; the STM32F767 is used as the protocol processing module, responsible for protocol processing and communication of external servo devices. Secondly, realize the LAN9252 software design for data interaction between master and slave, and realize the STM32F767 software design for protocol processing of slave and protocol interaction of external servo. Finally, the slave test platform is built to test the communication function, real-time, stability and servo communication of the slave. From the test results, the EtherCAT slave of this design communicates normally with the master and external servo devices, and the slave refresh time is 15.75us, which can run stably for 14 hours. Therefore, the design can basically meet the performance requirements in complex industrial environments.


The results are presented of a study which was undertaken to determine if data from a single near-noon pass of Skylab could be used to detect geothermal areas. The size and temperature requirements for a geothermally heated area to be seen by Skylab S-192 MSS X-5 thermal sensor were calculated. This sensor obtained thermal data with the highest spatial resolution of any nonmilitary satellite system. Only very large hot areas could be expected to be unambiguously recognized with a single data set from this instrument. The study area chosen was The Geysers geothermal field in Sonoma County, California, the only geothermal area of significant size scanned by Skylab. Unfortunately, 95% of the Skylab thermal channel data was acquired within 3 hours of local noon. For The Geysers area only daytime X-5 data were available. An analysis of the thermal channel data (10.2 to 12.5 um) revealed that ground temperatures determined by Skylab were normally distributed. No anomalous hot spots were apparent. Computer enhancement techniques were used to delineate the hottest 100 and 300 ground areas (pixel, 75 m by 75 m) within the study region. It was found that the Skylab MSS with the X-5 thermal detector does not have sufficient spatial resolution to locate unambiguously from daytime data any but the largest and hottest convectively created geothermal features, which in general are prominent enough to have been previously recognized.


The new TeOF 6 2- anion has been isolated in the form of its tetramethylammonium salt from solutions of N(CH 3 ) 4 F and N(CH 3 ) 4 TeOF 5 in CH 3 CN. It was characterized by vibrational spectroscopy, a normal coordinate analysis and ab initio calculations. It is shown that its structure is analogous to that of the recently discovered, isoelectronic IOF 6 - anion which makes it only tje second known representative of a pentagonal bipyramidal, main-group element AX 5 YZ species and the first multiply charged example of such a species


[Objective]To improve the treatment effect,to understand the clinical application value of percutaneous laser decompression for discogenic low back pain.[Methods]50 patients with discogenic low back pain that were treated in our department between January 2008 and January 2010 were selected.35 patients were selected according to indications standard,whom were divided into groupⅠ,and the remainder into groupⅡ.[Results]Average improvement rate of pain of patients in groupⅠ was 51.6%,and the improvement rate of lumbar dysfunction of patients in groupⅠ was 62.4%.VAS and ODI scores of patients in groupⅠ were significantly lower than that in group Ⅱ after treatment(P﹤0.05).The effective rate of patients in groupⅠ was 88.6%,and significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ(P﹤0.05).No serious complications occurred.[Conclusion]If choose good indications for discogenic back pain,percutaneous laser decompression would be a safe and effective treatment.


Study on drying properties of Pinus sylvestris conducted through a series of test with 100℃ drying test method.The results show that Pinus sylvestris belongs to the wood drying classification of "easy to dry".The grades of the initial check,the honeycomb,the cross section deformation,the twist deformation,the drying rate are 3,1,2,2,3 for Pinus sylvestris.Based on the grades of drying defects and corresponding drying conditions,the drying schedules for Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica were established,and can keep the drying quality under 120℃.


XXVII. The Forest of Wyre and the Titterstone Clee Hill Coal Fields. (With Five Plates and Six Text-Figures), . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 9 Introduction. By Dr R. KIDSTON, F.R.S. Part I : The"Geology of the Forest of Wyre Coal Field. By T. C. CANTRILL, ]5.SC, F.G.S.—The Fossil Plants of the Forest of Wyre Coal Field. By Dr R. KIDSTON. Part I I : The Geology of the Titterstone Clee Hill Goal Field. By E. E. L. DIXON, B.Sc, F.G.S. — The Fossil Plants of the Titterstone Clee Hill Goal Field. By Dr R. KIDSTON. With an Appendix on The Fossil Plants collected from the Co-re of the Glaverle// Trial Boring. By Dr R. KIDSTON.


This paper analyse the non – observed economy and its causes. There are a lot of scientific works written until now about non - observed economy, but we must develop the methodology how systemically to define and separate the causes that leads to the growth of the shadow economy. We must find the method how to control the non – observed economy. The topic of this paper is to generalize and systematize the opinion of scientists about shadow economy and find out the causes of non – observed economy. The paper systemically defines the non - observed economy and summarizes the opinion of various scientists. This paper work separates the causes of the shadow economy and goes deeper to the principles of the non observed economy by analyzing every cause.


One of the major problems within the software testing area is how to get a suitable set of cases to test a software system. A good set of test cases should assure maximum effectiveness with as few cases as possible. There are now numerous testing techniques available for generating test cases. However, many are never used, while just a few are used over and over again. Testers use little (if any) information about the available techniques, their usefulness and, generally, how suited they are to the project at hand, upon which to base their decision on which testing techniques to use. Using a characterisation schema is one solution for improving testing techniques selection. The schema helps to choose the best-suited techniques for a given project based on relevant information for the purpose of selection, assuring that testers' selections are systematic. However, a characterisation schema is only part of the solution. We have found that a critical aspect for making a good selection is the availability of the necessary information and the sources of information that have to be consulted to access this information. Any organisation wishing to use characterisation schemas to select SE techniques needs to first address the issue of packaging the information that the schema contains.


OBJECTIVE To understand situation in management of nosocomial infections in primary health centers in order to provide evidence for improving the management quality.METHODS An observatory study was(conducted) in 14 primary health centers using the evaluation criteria based on the requirements of The Guidelines for Management of Nosocomial Infections and the Guidelines for Disinfection in Hospitals.RESULTS Problems were found to a different extent in all of the 14 health centers.Most alarming problems were high incidence(15.7%),high(missing report)(67.7%),frequent use of antibiotics(71.2%),low proportion of nosocomial infection(specimens) submitted for testing(12.9%),lack of surveillance system for nosocomial infections and the data(feedback),and non-qualified hand-washing equipment in wards and clinics.CONCLUSIONS Special attention to management of nosocomial infections,improvement of surveillance system,and capacity-building of professionals in management of nosomial infections is the key issues for sustained and perfect development of management of nosocomial(infections) in primary health centers.


Co-reference resolution is an important part of natural language understanding and it's been affected by the current corpora lacking in diversity. This project presents the implementation of two models for masked language modeling using pre-trained BERT adjusted to work for a classification problem.


The power converters currently used in high-power (a few megawatts) medium-voltage PV systems require the use of a line-frequency transformer (LFT), which is bulky and costly. To solve this issue, cascaded H-bridge converter and modular multilevel converter based converters were proposed and investigated in the literature. They can eliminate the LFT but suffer several technical challenges, one of which, for example, is a power imbalance. To address these challenges, extra efforts, such as modified converters, modulations, and controls, are needed. Such extras burden the original converters and introduce new challenges. Therefore, a new power converter is proposed in this work. It eliminates the LFT without these challenges faced by the existing solutions. In addition, it features reliable short-circuit protection, high scalability, simple, and well-proven converters. The operation principle is introduced, and the control scheme is developed. The performance is investigated and verified based on both simulations and lab-scaled experiments.


Introduction A significant increase in the amount of text in package inserts has been observed over the last years. This study investigated the consequences of this increase. Method: Five package inserts available on the German medicine market in 2002 and five developed model versions were investigated in a crossover procedure using the written readability test. Results The more extensive the package inserts, the worse patients feel informed. Increasing the amount of text significantly decreases the ability to locate information, thus putting people off from reading the contents (P ≤ 0.021). Discussion The results suggest that decreasing the amount of text is a key factor, whereby a maximum of 1,500 words per package insert should be the aim. Conclusion: The way forward in package insert user testing is to concentrate on patient requirements and package insert improvements. Appropriate solutions are required for the further development of guidelines, templates, and directives.


Curiously, a gas war was averted at the apogee of the 2013/4 Ukrainian crisis. Russia, Ukraine, and European consumer states not only refrained from precipitous shut-offs that marred conflicts in 2006 and 2009, but deepened mutual energy ties as the crisis unfolded. This article highlights shortcomings with the contemporary debate over Russia's energy weapon made evident by the mixed diplomacy and outcomes in these successive gas crises. It then probes change to the roles, postures, and relationships among key stakeholders embodied by an emerging Europe-Eurasian gas network. The latter arguably upends classic realpolitik assumptions about pipeline politics, while illustrates how Russia is down but not out amid transformation in the regional gas landscape.


The linear thermal expansion coefficient alpha of cuprite (Cu2O) has been measured from 2 to 30K, 55 to 90K, and at room temperature; alpha is negative at low temperatures with a minimum value of -3*10-6 K-1 near 80K. The Gruneisen parameter has a limiting value of gamma 0=-4.5+or-0.2 at liquid helium temperatures, in fair agreement with the value of -4.0 calculated from elastic data.


Copyright © 2017 by The Korean Geriatric Society This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Comparison Between Korean Version of Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form in Evaluation of Frailty Phenotype


Gamers as a term for online game players initially had a negative stigma as a lazy and antisocial group. But along with the industrial revolution 4.0, many studies have shown changes in the stigma of gamers in the community. Changes in the pattern of thinking or the view of society towards gamers is not separated from social construction. Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann view social reality as a dialectical process that passes externalization, objectivation and internalization. This research is to find out the reality construction of gamers in kompas.com online media. With the Pan & Kosicki framing method, the analysis unit of this study is 5 article text gamers news on kompas.com. The results showed kompas.com frame the reality of gamers in a positive stigma in the discourse of promising professional opportunities, opportunities for e-sports athletes, and the phenomenon of the opening of current study programs in universities.


. Placental alkaline phosphatase was studied by means of immunohistochemistry (which gives an idea of the enzyme concentration) and by azocoupling (which gives an idea of the enzyme activity) in histo-logical sections of various placental gestational periods. The following was found: the concentration of placental alkaline phosphatase and its activity in pre-term labor regardless of the maturation degree in the chorial placental tree and of the blood state of gravidas is significantly lower as compared to that of the physiological gravidity. At the same time, a similar pattern is observed in both segments under study (gestational periods of 29-32 and 33-36 weeks) in terms of the concentrations of placental alkaline phosphatase in the chorial villi trophoblast. The concentration of placental alkaline phosphatase, in particu-lar, is always lower in case of anemia of gravidas as compared to the observations without anemia, and the fact of the chorial placental tree prematuration is not of a significant importance. There is a difference in average indicators between the different segments of gestation concerning the placental alkaline phosphatase activity in trophoblast of the chorial villi. The gestational period of 33-36 weeks is characterized by the regularities of change patterns of the placental alkaline phosphatase activity to the patterns of its im-munohistochemical concentration and namely there is a decrease in the enzyme activity in the gravidas with iron deficiency anemia. However, in the gestational period of 29-32 weeks placental alkaline phosphatase activity in trophoblast of the chorial villi does not dependent on the blood state of gravidas.


: The aim of this study was to establish the difference in the total number of bacteria present on some surfaces after disinfection was performed either by a professional or a layman employed at the slaughterhouse. Based upon the obtained results it can be concluded that there were omissions in the disinfection procedure. The study material consisted of wet and dry swabs taken during a five week period, before and after disinfection was performed either by a professional or a laymen. The following surfaces were sampled: meat carving knife, meat hooks, floor of the stunning area, and corridor floor. The procedure for wet swabs was carried out in accordance with the standard ISO 18593 method. The number of bacteria was estimated from each sample with the standard ISO 4833 method. Disinfection was performed with a 0.02% chlorine solution; the exposition time was 30 min. According to the obtained results it can be concluded that after disinfection was carried out by a professional- veterinarian, or by a layman, all surfaces which were previously treated correctly (mechanical cleaning and sanitary washing), and disinfected measured a significant decrease in the number of total bacteria (log cfu/cm2). The results for the total number of bacteria obtained after disinfection of the stunt area indicate on possible omissions as the number of bacteria did not decrease.


Research on the negative plates with copper-stretch-metal (CSM) and lead-alloy grids was helpful to take good use of negative plate with CSM grid. The current density and potential distributions were obtained by measuring the IR drop in electrolyte on the two kinds of negative plates.In comparison with lead-alloy grid, negative plate with CSM grid showed low over-potential, uniform distributions of current density and potential, high active mass utilization coefficient and good discharge performance.


The method of adjoint operators, which allows us to reduce systems of homogeneous linear partial differential equations of arbitrary degree to equations for a single potential that determines the complete solution of the original system is presented. As an example of this method the source.free Maxwell cquations are considered, expressing their solution in terms of the Debye potentials.


From the angle of pedagogy and educational psychology,this paper analyzes,expounds and verifies that there are psychological contents and norms in physique and comprehensive evaluation of physique,and that the psychological content in physique exists in in-apparent forms.In this paper,the author proposes an assumption to bring emotions,purposes,temperament and character into psychological contents of physique and comprehensive evaluation of physique.


Only a few cases of xanthogranuloma have been reported in oral and maxillofacial fields. In this paper, we present a case of xanthogranuloma associated with sialolithiasis. A 44-year-old male visited our hospital because of left submandibular region swelling. Salivary stone was found radiographically, in left submandibular salivary gland and duct.Salivary gland extirpation was performed under general anesthesia. During the operation, it was very difficult to distinguish salivary gland from circumference. Pathological examination of salivary gland and mass, which seems to be lymphanode, revealed that these were xanthogranulomatous sialodenitis and xanthogranuloma respectively. Xanthomatosis, including xanthogranuloma, sometime is accompanied with hypercholesterolemia. However, serum cholestorol in this case was within normal limits. We reported a case of xanthogranuloma in submandibular region with a review of literature.


We consider the problem of recovering a complex vector x ∈ ℂn from m quadratic measurements $\left\{ {\left\langle {{A_i}{\mathbf{x}},{\mathbf{x}}} \right\rangle } \right\}_{i = 1}^m$. This problem, known as quadratic feasibility, encompasses the well known phase retrieval problem and has applications in a wide range of important areas including power system state estimation and x-ray crystallography. In general, not only is the the quadratic feasibility problem NP-hard to solve, but it may in fact be unidentifiable. In this paper, we establish conditions under which this problem becomes identifiable, and further prove isometry properties in the case when the matrices $\left\{ {{A_i}} \right\}_{i = 1}^m$ are Hermitian matrices sampled from a complex Gaussian distribution. Moreover, we explore a nonconvex optimization formulation of this problem, and establish salient features of the associated optimization landscape that enables gradient algorithms with an arbitrary initialization to converge to a globally optimal point with a high probability. Our results also reveal sample complexity requirements for successfully identifying a feasible solution in these contexts.


ABSTRACT This paper analyses the use of concessions for tourism business in protected areas, including National Parks (NPs), in New Zealand, with specific reference to their financial and in-kind contributions to conservation work. A holistic approach is taken, examining the design and implementation of policies affecting concessions, and their interactions with wider governance arrangements for NPs. The case study considers a range of legal and policy questions, informed by 42 non-structured interviews with concessionaires, park staff and other stakeholders. It explores neo-liberal government policies implemented since 2009, as part of a Conservation Economy vision, aiming to stimulate economic growth by opening-up business access to natural heritage and resources in NPs. More and longer contracts have been granted against the promise of conservation, environmental and infrastructural gains from concessionaires. The research found that, so far, there is no evidence of improvements in the latter aspects, and expectations of gains from donations and voluntary business action have remained only symbolic. Powers to impose such contractual responsibilities are unused. Other significant, and related, neo-liberal governance changes have been implemented or under consideration, raising concerns that a tipping point in NPs' governance towards unsustainable tourism development may be on the horizon.


Introduction A woman was able to relactate 7 years after breastfeeding her children. She donated her expressed milk to her friends, a same-sex male couple, who had a child through surrogacy in the United States. She lived in London and shipped her milk to Hong Kong, where they lived. The infant thrived on the donated expressed milk received during the first 3 months of his life. Main issue This case is unusual because the woman was not breastfeeding at the time, which would have made expressing easier, and she was not adopting. She consulted a National Childbirth Trust Breastfeeding Counsellor and an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant® who helped her explore non-puerperal relactation protocols. Management Her plan started 6 months before the birth and included the use of domperidone, frequent expressing by hand and with a hospital-grade pump. A breastfeeding specialist physician made suggestions on the dosage of domperidone. She donated a total of 35.06 L. She had the full support of her partner and family. Conclusion Non-puerperal induced lactation and relactation offer ways to make human milk accessible to all infants, particularly those from LGBTQ+ families in which no parent is lactating, as was the case with the same-sex male couple participating in this study. It is essential to disseminate the knowledge and skills needed to support non-puerperal induced lactation and relactation among all healthcare professionals involved.


"Early Stage Lung Cancer—New Approaches to Evaluation and Treatment," held in Cambridge, MA, October 1 — 2, 2004, was convened to present and discuss recent study findings on the detection, staging, and treatment of stage I to III non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This small


In this article, questions of phraseological semantics are studied, it is noted that the categorization of knowledge occurs not only on the basis of generalization of the essential features of the object, but also includes image-emotional impressions, during which the image and concept are combined. The process of foundation of phraseological unit is presented as a kind of cognitive hypothesis generating, formed in the course of daily human activity in search of new meaning and at the same time in search of verbal signification own or adopted in this society relationship to the category. Introducing imagery in the process of verbalization of the concept, the subject of the nomination seeks to expand the volume of the classification series, to provide the classification system with one more feature. A consequence of this method of categorizing knowledge is the combination of the nominative function with the characterizing one in their polysemantic unity. The author gives examples illustrating the relationship between the two components of the semantics of the phraseological unit - emotional modality and imagery, which allows the phraseological sign to differentiate the properties of an object from the material or mental world, designating them as a separate nominative unit.


This article aims at advancing an explanation, still to be completed, of the paradox of productivity differences and surplus value rate at an international level. New empirical evidence is presented, and it is suggested that an explanation should be developed based on the analysis of the problem of value transfers in international trade. According to the findings of Martínez and Valle (2011), there is empirical evidence that suggests a pattern in which underdeveloped countries with low productivity have a high value composition of capital and a high rate of surplus value, the former being as high as or higher than the corresponding one in a developed country. This work is a contribution to the development of the state of the empirical analysis. Said contribution is made based on econometric and statistical evidence of the relationship between rate of surplus value and value composition of capital of a selection of countries and a sample of 70 countries. Data from Penn World (PWT) v.10, v.9 or Extended Penn World Table (EPWT), v.4 are used.


ABSTRACT
 Political measures to confront the Covid-19 pandemic are a stress-test for citizens' institutional trust. Higher education students' trust in political institutions is of particular interest as they are substantially affected by Covid-19 related measures: For the most part, their academic institutions have been put under lockdown, they have had to adapt to new learning formats extemporaneously, and typical sources of income (like marginal employment) have potentially broken off. The paper at hand takes a closer look at determinants of institutional trust among students enrolled at German HEIs from a government performance perspective as well as culturalist approaches. Special attention is paid to intercultural experience in the form of international student mobility, as EHEA policy makers stressed the positive effects of mobility on civic responsibility. Analyses show that indicators from both theoretical points of view have an expressive impact on trust in political institutions to deal properly with the Covid-19 pandemic: The findings support the relevance of government performance and students' individual economic well-being as well as social trust in predicting students' institutional trust; furthermore, evidence suggests a positive relationship between international student mobility (as well as its link to social trust) and civic responsibility.


OBJECTIVE: A major obstacle of no-till wheat is obtaining an optimum, uniform stand. Most wheat in west Kentucky is planted following corn which results in a large amount of residue that hinders planting. Producers debate the best method for managing corn residue for no-till wheat planting. A corn residue management study (funded by the Kentucky Small Grain Grower's Association) was initiated with the following no-till wheat stand establishment objectives: 1) To determine if mechanical shredding of corn residue is necessary; and 2) Compare different methods of mechanical shredding of corn residue (and corn maturity) to non-shredded and no corn residue for no-till wheat stand establishment.


PURPOSE: A paint composition for displaying a safety guide line is provided to have excellent workability being quickly cured at low temperatures. CONSTITUTION: A paint composition for displaying a safety guide line comprises: a first liquid which comprises an unsaturated polyester resin or reactive acryl resin, a reactive monomer, hardener and a filler; and a second liquid which comprises the unsaturated polyester resin or reactive acryl resin, the reactive monomer, a pigment and a reaction catalyst. The unsaturated ester resin is a resin polymerization modified glycol, phthalic acid and methyl methacrylate and has a molecular weight of 1,000-3,000. The safety guide line is formed by mixing and spraying the first and second liquid and spraying beads thereon. [Reference numerals] (A1,A2,A3) Release paper; (B1,B2) Composition coating; (C1,C2) Non-woven fabric, nylon fabric, glass fiber mat metal panel; (DD) Composition coating, beads


In order to make full use of multi-resource and uncertain data and to improve the damage identification accuracy of the objective from structural health diagnosis,a new damage identification method based on improved DS evidence theory are proposed in this paper via improving the basic belief assignment functions and compound rule.This method deals the basic probability assignment by the entropy weight coefficient and grey incidence analysis,and solves the problem of related or conflicting evidences by improved D-S compound rules.A steel tube welded structure is utilized to validate this proposed method.Results show that the method presented in this paper is superior to the classical D-S fusion theory.And in comparison to the single damage assessment method,more reliable identification results can be obtained by the proposed algorithm.


iii Abstrak iv Acknowledgement v List of Abbreviations vi List of Tables vii List of Appendixes ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Historical Background 2 1.2 Debating in the Malaysian School System 3 1.2.1 Conversion from Old Format to the Current Format 4 22.214.171.124 Areas or Mechanisms Affected by the Conversion 5 184.108.40.206.1 Speech Text 5 126.96.36.199.2 Rebuttal 6 184.108.40.206.3 Point Of Information (POI) 7 126.96.36.199.4 Debate Sides 7 1.2.2 Format of Parliamentary Style Debate 8 1.3 Significance of Study 11 1.4 Outline of Study 15 1.5 Research Questions 16 1.6 Limitation of Study 16


Synthesized smectite particles have been dispersed in methylphenyl silicon oil. The prepared fluid is stable in a gravitational field. The viscosity of this fluid under electric field has been investigated by many parameters as follows, smectite content in silicon oil, shear rate, electric field strength, frequency of electric field or DC field, temperature of fluid, frequency on viscoelasticity, response time, stability and durability, and so on. The shear stress and current density have increased almost in proportion to a square of electric field strength. The dynamic modulus and dynamic loss change much more in the fluid dispersing lower smectite concentration by applying electric field. For the durability of fluid the viscosity is almost same for several hours under 2kV/mm. This fluid is expected to use in the damper, actuators and so on.


A variety of two-dimensional (2D) superhydrophobic surfaces have been fabricated for biological and industrial applications. Here, we report a simple and inexpensive non-planar (i.e. three-dimensional, 3D) superhydrophobic structure with nanofiber entanglements. The 3D structure with the contact angle of about 170° is fabricated by the dip coating of polytetrafluoroethylene and the etching process of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO)/aluminum (Al) wire template which is prepared by anodization of an industrial Al wire (99.5% purity, 1000 times cheaper than Al of 99.999%). The 3D superhydrophobic surface was fabricated on the inside of a tube using a template AAO replica. Flow characteristics were then determined by measuring the mass flow of water through the tube. The superhydrophobic surface gives better flow and an increasing mass flow rate.


The Center for the Study of Social Work Practice is a joint endeavor of a major school of social work and a major social agency. Structured around an administrative core and three major research streams, it offers one possible model for establishing the linkages between research and practice so essential to meaningful research on social work practice. This article describes the concept and origin of the center, advantages and limitations of its structure and funding arrangements, and its current programs of research and research dissemination. Despite inevitable difficulties, experience thus far suggests that it is both possible and productive to institutionalize practice-research partnerships on a structural, organizational basis, as well as between social work researchers and practitioners on an individual basis. Organized around a central theme, the development of practice knowledge, the center may thereby contribute to the development of indigenous social work theory as well.


We extract local current distributions from interatomic currents calculated using a fully relativistic quantum mechanical scattering formalism by interpolation onto a three-dimensional grid. The method is illustrated with calculations for Pt|Ir and Pt|Au multilayers as well as for thin films of Pt and Au that include temperature-dependent lattice disorder. The current flow is studied in the "classical" and "Knudsen" limits determined by the sample thickness relative to the mean free path λ, introducing current streamlines to visualize the results. For periodic multilayers, our results in the classical limit reveal that transport inside a metal can be described using a single value of resistivity ρ combined with a linear variation of ρ at the interface while the Knudsen limit indicates a strong spatial dependence of ρ inside a metal and an anomalous dip of the current density at the interface which is accentuated in a region where transient shunting persists.


The need for metallic biomaterials will always remain high with their growing demand in joint replacement in the aging population. This creates need for the market and researchers to focus on the development and advancement of the biometals. Desirable characteristics such as excellent biocompatibility, high strength, comparable elastic modulus with bones, good corrosion resistance, and high wear resistance are the significant issues to address for medical implants, particularly load-bearing orthopedic implants. The widespread use of titanium alloys in biomedical implants create a big demand to identify and assess the behavior and performance of these alloys when used in the human body. Being the most commonly used metal alloy in the fabrication of medical implants, mainly because of its good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance together with its high strength to weight ratio, the tribological behavior of these alloys have always been an important subject for study. Titanium alloys with improved wear resistance will of course enhance the longevity of implants in the body. In this paper, tribological performance of titanium alloys (medical grades) is reviewed. Various methods of surface modifications employed for titanium alloys are also discussed in the context of wear behavior.


Preliminary field evaluation of 43 rice anther culture lines in 1990 for resistance to the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, identified several lines with potential for tolerance. The seven most promising lines (952836, 953508, 953509, 953510, 953511, 953527, and 953541) were evaluated for tolerance in 1991 and 1992. The parameters used to assess tolerance included rice water weevil larval population, root pruning damage, plant height, and grain yield. Significant differences were found among the lines tested with regard to rice water weevil larval populations, root damage ratings, plant height, and grain yields. The comparison of insecticide treated and untreated plots indicated that lines 952836 and 953527 exhibited moderate levels of tolerance to the rice water weevil. Tolerance in the lines was expressed, in part, as the ability to recover from root pruning damage and to produce high grain yields.


1.7). We observed interactions between PA level and the amount of TV viewed (p=0.012) or computer used (p=0.010). However, Heavy TV viewers had a higher risk of being overweight/obese regardless of PA level. The associations of TV viewing and computer use were similar with BMI categories and WHtR tertiles. CONCLUSIONS: Heavy TV viewing and computer use are associated with higher BMI and central adiposity in preadolescents. Heavy TV viewing seems to increase the risk for overweightness and central adiposity, regardless of PA level. Strategies to reduce high sedentary screen times could potentially help in preventing overweightness and adiposity among children and adolescents.


The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the need to recognize innovative activities as priority areas of socio-economic development in the face of increasing competition of national and regional innovation systems. The purpose of the article is to develop a theoretical approach to studying the integration space of modern holding structures using key indicators of integration efficiency. The tendencies of innovative activity in realization of joint innovative projects are analyzed. The author's approach with use of key indicators of efficiency of integration processes in a projection of the balanced system of indicators is offered. The materials of the article are of theoretical and practical importance for the development and implementation of federal and regional innovative development programs, as well as in the development of the strategy of state innovation policy.


Traditional macroeconomics cannot explain why and how could financial events like the East Asian financial crisis affect the real economies. This papers show that mesoeconomic analysis can explain such effects. Mesoeconomics combines micro, macro and simple general equilibrium analysis by concentrating on a representative firm which need not be perfectly competitive. A change in nominal aggregate demand or even just expectation may affect real output, contrary to the money neutrality results of the Monetarists and the New Classical Macroeconomists. The effects depend not only exogenous changes in demand and costs, but also on endogenous responses such as the responses of costs to the output of the firm, aggregate output, and the price level, and changes in the price elasticity of demand. Estimates of the values of these endogenous responses may be helpful in future estimates of the effects of exogenous changes. The paper also explains the difficulty of making economic forcasts.


We obtain the maximum likelihood estimator and the simulated moment estimator of parameters of two-parameter expo- nential distribution with censored sample based on tampered failure rate model under step-stress accelerated llfe testing.Thereaft- er we show the feasibility of this method by using the Monte-Carlo simulation.


The New Christian Rights means American religion, especially those religionary conservatives who participate political and social issues actively in New Christian. The main sects of American New Christian Right organizations are Moral Majority Sect, Christian Union and so on since the 1970s . The main viewpoint of American New Christian Right force is maintaining power politics on the international issues. They believe that the peace could only be assured by marital artifice and Israel is the incarnate of the New Testament. They advocate that American should support Israel with all its strength. They set themselves against communism on ideology. On the domestic issues, they regard traditional family value and against abortion legitimization. They advocate private and local education. They believe that American is a country chosen by god and a good government should be built on the base of Bible. The operation of the New Christian Rights can not be ignored in every aspect of American society at present.


Language is a carrier and mirror of culture.Between the culture of English language and that of Chinese,there exists various similarity as well as difference.As poetic expressions in language,the translation of figures of speech in connection with equivalence is noteworthy.Simile and metaphor are widely used among figures of speech.Four translation methods for equivalence are analyzed,namely,presentation,replacement,elimination,amplification or annotation.


Summary form only given. A cylindrical, inductively coupled plasma driven by a solenoidal antenna varies in length along the axial direction depending on its pressure, power, and composition. The utility of such an RF plasma in materials processing and lighting applications depends on its extent and uniformity, To study the phenomena measurements were made of the axial extent of an inductively coupled, hydrogen plasma within a cylindrical tube excited by a coaxial, single turn antenna strap at 13.6 MHz. The pressure ranged from 1/2 to 2 Torr and the power from 1.5 to 4.5 kW. Data were taken for both a quartz and a slotted metal tube. Two diagnostics were used to quantify the plasma extent along the axial direction: (a) the magnetic flux density and (b) the H, emission line intensity. The observed double peaked profile for the axial-component of the magnetic field is indicative of field exclusion by a conductive plasma. The FWHM of the light profile specifies the extent of excited, dissociated hydrogen. The measurements of the plasma extent as determined by the magnetic field exclusion show a similar size for both the dielectric and metal tubes as a function of power and pressure. However, the plasma extent based on the H, emission is larger in the dielectric than the metal tube. A 2-D numerical plasma model with self-consistent field coupling and multi-species diffusion is used to investigate this apparent difference in plasma extent with an emphasis on the role of hydrogen wall recombination in quartz vs. metal tubes.


Significance: (±)-Alopecuridine A is a Lycopodium alkaloid that is a biological precursor for the significantly cytotoxic (±)-sieboline A. The first total synthesis is achieved here in 13 steps, followed by the conversion into (±)-sieboline A that validates the biogenetic pathway. Comment: Compounds E and F were obtained as an inseparable mixture of diastereoisomers that were subjected to semipinacol rearrangement conditions. This generated a mixture of diastereomers that could then be separated by chromatography to give the desired intermediate G in 45% yield. The tricyclic core J was synthesized with a samarium iodide mediated coupling. H O I OAc I I


ABSTRACT This aim of this article is to contribute to the development of a socio-cultural model of emergent biliteracy that recognizes the dynamic interactions amongst two languages. The present field study took place in a French–German public Kindergarten class in Alsace, France, where students are in the initial process of learning to read in both languages. The teacher, fluent in both French and German, created a translanguaging space where a simultaneous biliterate practice using cognates (or words in two languages that share similar print characteristics and meaning), and identical and non-identical false cognates (words that share all or some print characteristics in both languages but not the same meaning) could be enacted. The selected words enabled these five year olds to engage in a simultaneous biliterate practice that highlighted the students' interlinguistic abilities specific to print, phonology and meaning across languages.