Flurbiprofen is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that can be used for rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, alkylosing spondylitis, tendinitis etc. Its shorter biological half life (3 – 4.5 hrs) necessitates it to be administered in frequent doses of 50 – 100mg two to four times a day. The main objective of this study was to develop suitable microparticulate system of Flurbiprofen for controlled release delivery system by varying the sodium alginate, PEG 6000 and HPMC concentrations. In the present work Flubriprofen microbeads were formulated using sodium alginate by ionotropic gelation technique. Prepared beads were evaluated for granulometric studies, micromeretic, scanning electron microscopy, drug entrapment efficiency and in-vitro dissolution studies etc. The prepared beads were free flowing and white in colour. The drug loaded beads showed 87.5– 98.8 % drug entrapment, which was found to increase with increase in sodium alginate, HPMC, PEG 6000 concentration. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the beads were almost spherical and rough in structure. The flow property of the all the batches of prepared microbeads were estimated by angle of repose and found to be in the range of 24 0 50ˈ – 33 0 20ˈ In vitro drug release study of these microbeads indicated controlled release of Flurbiprofen, formulations showed a release of 73.67-93.5% at the end of 10 h. Hence from the observation of all results of the different batches fourth and fifth showed controlled release action and improved drug availability. The release of Flurbiprofen was found to be affected by concentration of polymers such as sodium alginate, PEG 6000 and HPMC By the observation of accelerated stability studies fourth and fifth batch formulations were found to be the best formulations. From this study, it could be concluded that the spherical and free flowing microbeads of Flurbiprofen could be successfully prepared by ionotropic gelation technique with high entrapment efficiency and controlled release characteristics.


This research was undertaken in Coco-Cola Company, Bangalore. The major objective of study is to understand the customer satisfaction level with the schemes and offers provided by coco Cola Company. Also to recognize how far advertisement and sales promotional activities help in sales improvement. The scope of the study is to analyze the customer perception towards the company. The researcher uses Descriptive research design includes surveys and fact-finding, enquiries of different kinds. Sample size of the study is 300. The data collected through questionnaire was properly classified and tabulated in the form of a report. The researcher found that the Company may provide free gift coupons discounts to attract new customers; also the company should concentrate on the availability of their products in the shops. The researcher conclude that over all effectiveness of offers/schemes and pricing of the company could satisfy majority of customers, but some of the customers are dissatisfied regarding their schemes/offers.The company tries its level best to satisfy their customers by providing several schemes and offers,discounts&coupons.How ever future improvements as per suggestion will yield results


The term Session Riding denotes a class of attacks on web applications that exploit implicit authentication processes. There are four distinct methods of implicit authentication found in today's web applications: Cookies, http authentication, IP address based access control and client side SSL authentication. As many web applications fail to protect their users against Session Riding attacks we introduce RequestRodeo, a client side solution to counter this threat. With the exception of client side SSL, RequestRodeo implements protection against the exploitation of implicit authentication mechanisms. This protection is achieved by removing authentication information from suspicious requests.


Abstract The site and surroundings of Aberglasney deserve what little attention they have attracted outside the Principality3 by virtue of having been the home of the poet and painter John Dyer (1699–1757). In neither art was he particularly accomplished, but what talent he had was poetic, and Wordsworth admired him. His topographical poems occupy an important niche in the annals of the eighteenth century's growing absorption in country life and in representing the experience of rural landscape.


Tadeusz Slobodzianek's play Nasza klasa. Historia w XIV lekcjach is an undeniable success of the Polish drama on a global scale when measured by the number of stagings. The aim of this essay was to identify the drivers of this international success. The investigation is conducted in a wide historical and cultural context, taking into account artistic representations of the Holocaust and academic studies in this field. It was based mainly on the analysis of reviews of foreign stagings of the play using which the author attempted to determine how local critics and audiences perceived the text and the events depicted therein. The survey is preceded by a summary of play reception in Poland from a few years' perspective upon its release in a printed form as well as its premiere on stage.


Abstract:  Discussion regarding the type of human nature assumed by the second person of the Trinity has intensified recently. Judgements regarding dogmatic coherence have not been as forthcoming. John Calvin's Christology is presented here as a helpful context within which the fallenness position may be advanced. Calvin's doctrine of original sin allows for fallen nature to be considered distinct from guilt. Calvin's doctrine of the communicatio idiomatum also allows for the predication of fallenness to Christ's human nature without necessitating the contamination of the divine nature.


The refractory uranium compounds UC and UC/sub 2/ were prepared by arc- melting methods, UN by gas solid reactions, and UB/sub 2/ and UBe/aub 13/ by solid-solid reactions. Techniques for sintering powder compacts of these compounds to densities 90% of theoretical or greater were developed. Mean linear thermal-expansion coefficients of 7.9 x 10/sup -6/ per deg F for Uc and 9.3 x 1O/ sup -6/ per deg F for UBe/sub 13/ were obtained in the range 68 to 1800 deg F. The thermal conductivity of sintered UBe/sub 13/ increased from 0.050 cal/ (sec)(cm)(C) at 1OO deg c to 0.064 cal/(sec)(cm)(C) at 650 deg C. The electrical resistivity of sintered UBe/sub 13/ was 113 microhm-cm at 27.6 deg c. Knoop microhardness values varied from 500 for sintered UC/sub 2/ to 1155 for sintered UBe/sub 13/. Sintered Uc and Uc/sub 2/ decompose rapidly in boiling (atmospheric pressure) water. A sintered UBe/sub 13/ compact lost 2.2 mg per cm/sup 2/ (average), after 72 hr in boiling water (atmospheric pressure). Uc/sub 2/ reacts more rapidly with nitrogen and oxygen than does pure uranium. UB/sub 2/ and UBe/ sub 13/ were less reactive with oxygen and nitrogen than is pure uranium. The heat of formationmore » of Uc was -20 plus or minus 5 kcal per mole at 25 deg c. Standard free-energyof-formation equations were estimated for UN, USi/sub 2/, US, UB/sub 2/, UC/sub 2/, and Uc. (auth)« less


The K9 BNN RI detection unit is a unit that stands under the directorate of prosecution and pursuit, the deputy for the eradication of the Indonesian National Narcotics Board (BNN RI). It officially operates and was introduced from February 22, 2018. But long before the introduction of the K9 detection unit of the National Narcotics Board, this has helped a lot in the process of investigating narcotics abuse. In addition to supporting the drug detection process, the search area is more focused. The K9 BNN RI detection unit is also often involved in prevention efforts. This is because the community was very enthusiastic in witnessing the demonstration of tracking by the tracking dog animals owned by the BNN RI. Responding to the additional role embraced, dramaturgy occurred in the public communication of the K9 BNN RI detection unit. In the perspective of dramaturgy someone who is interacting like someone who is playing a role, the role play is called a self presentation. Self-presentation, as Goffman points out, aims to produce a definition of situation and social identity for actors and the definition of the situation affects the variety of appropriate and inappropriate interactions for actors in the situation. Actors manipulate messages and behavior dramatically so that people believe, salute and be amazed at it. (Mulyana, 2003: 114). This social research method uses a qualitative approach that has a relationship with the analysis of visual data and verbal data that reflects daily experiences. Another feature of this research is its emphasis on observation and natural atmosphere (naturalistic setting). This research also does not describe (analytical), but also combines (synthetic). Aside from being a support unit in efforts to eradicate narcotics abuse, this unit also acts as a supporting unit for prevention activities. The peak will be the people will be familiar with the existence of tracking dogs, so that if there are detection activities both at airports, docks, terminals, or other places. The people voluntarily checked their bags, luggage, clothes and vehicles by tracking dogs, without any uncomfortable and uncomfortable feeling.


By the end of 2002,accumulated explored coal reserves in Sichuan are 11 871×10 9t,and the total coal resources are 31 942×10 9t.The coal reserves period of production in Sichuan are characterized by low accuracy and inhomogeneous distribution.And coal in Sichuan contains higher sulphur.Exploitation intensity of high-quality coal in Sichuan is too big.A lot of new small coal occurrences may remedy the weakness of coal resource short in Sichuan.


Middle school students in different grades have different reasoning characteristics. A favourable thinking environment is a bridge for the students to think correctly and find out problems. Therefore, we should create a favourable thinking environment to raise the students' reasoning abilities while teaching.


Electrical engineering is based on deep know-how over the science and mathematical thinking. Of course, as all engineering science, electrical engineering is focused to those problems active in that particular field. When thinking of control and high level automation systems a wide understanding over mathematical logic is needed. In this article an overview of power electronic systems are given where logic thinking is a vital part of the solving problems. Descriptions named here should understand as examples of those fields of engineering where mathematical logic skills are implemented. Also a example of learning tools used in this are is presented.


Because of their unique mechanical properties, shape memory and super elasticity, durability and biocompatibility, Ni‐Ti alloys are the most important memory shape alloys for applications in a wide range of medical implants and devices. These alloys contain approximately equal Ni and Ti atomic concentrations, meaning medical applications are still hindered by the concern for the release of Ni into surrounding tissues. We have studied the surface composition of a melt‐spun Ni‐Ti shape memory alloy using different surface analytical techniques, namely, Auger electron spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, before and after testing its biocompatibility in vitro. We have found that the surface consists of an oxide layer of 10 to 20 nm thickness, composed of Ti oxide and some Ni oxide with metallic Ni inhomogeneously distributed in the subsurface region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The investigation uses a multi-faceted approach to determining pre-mining ground water quality, including determination of the existing hydrogeologic and geochemical conditions at off-site analog areas, modeling of the hydrogeochemical conditions off site, determining parameters that would have affected on-site controls of hydrogeology and geochemistry before mining, and appropriate scaling and modeling of on-site conditions.


Human relations in the modern world are framed by institutions that regulate the actions of agents by previously defined and recognized rules of engagement. In this context, international trade is regulated by laws that facilitate the exchange of goods and services and is there where the state intervenes to ensure the protection of its national interests and to encourage foreign investment with the certainty that their capital will be taken care of as if it was its own. This article pretends, under a descriptive approach, to understand the influence of the domestic legal framework on the levels of foreign investment entering the country.


This article presents an isopod that arrived at the Geological Museum of the Seminary, Barcelona (Spain) a few years ago, as part of the material compiled by the first author of this article (J C) in an outcrop of Gara es Sbâa (Morocco). This isopod is identified as Unusuropode castroi , is the first reference to this species outside of Brazil and also represents the first formal description of Unusuropode castroi in Africa. Gara is Sbâa, is located in the region of Kem Kem (southeast of Morocco) and is presented as a new locality for the isopod Unusuropode castroi , from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian / Turonian), previously described only in the Turonian of the Apodi Group, Arenito Acu, state of Ceara Brazil. With this new isopod the statement of Martill et al . [1] is reinforced, indicating the affinities between the faunas of South America and Morocco during the Cretaceous. This document presents the two types of Unusuropode castroi differentiated by their size that also appear in Brazil, described by Duarte and Santos [2] as possible sexual dimorphism (see table 1 and figure 5, images b – c).


The essential function of the city planning is a designing of a city. It is decision of the development unit and the development permission. In spite of a characteristic like this, the city planning in the law of a land planning does not make full use of this as it's authority. Because the city planning conflicts with existing land register system. The development unit as a standard unit for construction has a character of a public law. In spite of the law of a land planning must have an authority for a decision of the development unit and totally take charge of this function, it did not organize the development unit in an established city in korea, because a plot of land in the law of a land register was most powerful. So the construction law depends upon a plot of land in the law of a land register for deciding a building site and it makes a plot of land to have authority of a public law as the development unit. A subject that construction is permitted to the unit of a individual plot of land is seized as the development permission, it is applied by the permission of a characteristic transfer of land in the law of the land planning. If the land category a individual plot of land is not 'the building site', it has need of the permission of a characteristic transfer of land for a change of the land category. It allows to change the legal character as a plot of land for construction. A interpretation that the permission of a characteristic transfer of land grants a new legal position identifies 'the building site' as a land category represents privileged status. The building site as the land category with the city planning has accomplished a function that the development permission allows and it belongs to the essential function of the city planning. The subject that is a decision of the development unit and the development permission brings about a conflict between the city planning and the land register system, and it is a factor that a problem of the city planning for an established city in korea is not solved. This report is for analysis of these problems and discovery of legal problems to improve on a legislative process.


The article deals with the effect on the quality of casting moulds (metal, bentonite mixture) on the structure of the alloy AlZn5,5MgCu and selected mechanical properties of the alloy. The effect of foundry moulds can significantly affect formation and range of crystal segregation and the subsequent thermal process of homogenization which has an influence on the final quality of the alloy. The re- search focuses on the formation and range of crystal segregation and its removal with homogenization annealing, in which the observed influence of individual factors influencing the diffusion process and quality of the aluminium alloy.


Existing major suburban shopping centres in Brisbane have not yet attained the size of those known in north America as regional shopping centres, although they do qualify for such a description by virtue of a complete shopping service and provision of major off street parking. Additional major shopping centres have been planned or approved for the Brisbane city area, again with considerable parking accommodation. Areas of attraction of major shopping centres in Brisbane are considered, likewise their overlap, and the effect of one centre on another. Traffic generation rates, including parking effects, parking stall occupancy and turnover rates and circulation within and without the centres are studied. Data from major centres in other Australian capital cities are compared with the Brisbane data (A).


On September 12, 2023, compounder Gibaplast announced it now offered Eastman Tenite™ Renew for eyewear companies seeking to offer increased sustainable content in their eyewear frames through local European production.


The scattering function is calculated in mean‐field approximation for two different thermodynamic states of a lattice model of oil–water–amphiphile solutions, one a disordered state and the other a one‐dimensionally ordered (lamellar) state. The total scattering function for the former, and the fluctuation contribution to the scattering function for the latter, have maxima near q=1, where q is the magnitude of the scattering vector q in units of the reciprocal lattice spacing. For q up to and a little beyond the maximum the scattering functions and their spherical averages (averaged over the surface of a sphere of radius q in q space) are of the Teubner–Strey form I(q)=I(0)/(1−bq2+cq4) with b and c both positive, as in microemulsions. It implies a correlation function that is an exponentially damped sinusoid, of wavelength d and attenuation length, determined by b and c.


In 1978, three lichen growth stations were established for Rhizocarpon section Rhizocarpon species and one for Alectoria miniscula in the Cirque Mountain area of the Torngat mountains. Five years later, in 1983, the lichens were remeasured. The five-year growth represented by the change in the theoretical diameter is very variable, between 0.10 and 0.54 mm per year. These rates are larger than expected and exceed rates previously determined for an eastern Arctic area, the Northern Cumberland Peninsula of Baffin Island, by more than 3 to more than 20 times. Similar rates are known for 'great period' growth outside Arctic regions. If the growth rates represent long-term growth, the ages of recessional moraines in the Torngat Mountains should be recalculated. Moraines formerly described as Late Wisconsin to mid-Holocene may be of Neoglacial age. Variability of growth rates from one individual to another precludes using these data for constructing growth curves which may be used, even locally, in lichenometric dating.


We investigate the effects of hole doping in the charge-density wave (CDW) state that has the strong electron-phonon (e-p) coupling, using the two-dimensional molecular crystal model. In calculations, we use the mean-filed theory for the interelectronic interactions and the adiabatic approximation for phonons. On the basis of this theory, we calculate e-p states of doped ground states for various values of the doping concentration of holes. From the calculated results, it is found that a multistable nature appears in the doped e-p states just before the CDW-metal phase transition. In order to see the effects of the photoexcitation in the hole-doped states, we also investigate the exciton states taking into account the electron-hole correlation. Results calculated here indicate that the separation of electron and hole occurs in the photoexcited states as a consequence of the energy relaxation of excitons.


Cloud computing technology had been found effective and efficient in providing online learning at all levels of education. This study investigated the relationship between the lecturers' acceptance of the technology and its' actual use for teaching. It also determined the influence of sex, academic qualifications and university ownership on the acceptance and actual use of the technology for teaching. The study is a survey. The population consisted all the lecturers in all the universities in southwestern Nigeria. Three hundred lecturers selected from one Federal, one State and one Private university using multistage sampling technique were the sample. AUCT an adapted questionnaire was used for data gathering. Analysis of data showed a significant relationship between acceptance and actual use of cloud computing technology for teaching among the lecturers (R2 = 0.37; p = 0.00). Also neither sex (F(1,274) = 1.83; p > 0.05), academic qualifications (F(3,274) = 0.30; p > 0.05) nor ownership of university (F(3,274) = 2.57; p > 0.05) significantly influenced lecturers' acceptance of cloud computing technology for teaching. Sex, academic qualifications and ownership of university combined also had no significant influence on the lecturers' acceptance of cloud computing technology for teaching (F(3,274) = 0.12; p > 0.05). Sex, academic qualifications and ownership of university combined also had no significant influence on the lecturers' actual use of cloud computing technology for teaching (F(3,274) = 0.23; p > 0.05). Acceptance of cloud computing technology for teaching has positive correlation with actual use among university lecturers in southwestern Nigeria.


In this paper, we extend the notion of style, widely used in modern desktop publishing systems, to hypermedia documents. We also show how such styles can be used to provide different views of the same hyperdocument (e.g. English vs. Japanese).


This article introduced three cases treated by "Ganmai Dazao Decoction" to present its clinical application. It is argued that many geriatric diseases due to heart-qi deficiency and unquiet spirit can be treated by this Decoction.


In this article we investigated influence of echinococcosis on biological value of beef meat. Investigating chemical meat structure we defined moisture content, protein, fat and ashes. Definition of chemical composition of meat gives the chance to define food value of meat and meat products. Chemical composition of meat depends on structure of forage, fatness, age, sex and species of animal. For this purpose we used samples of meat of animals selected at slaughter with signs of echinococcosis and from healthy not infected animals. So, according to our researches, in beef meat from healthy animal, content of protein makes 19.6, fat contents 14.65, moisture 64.9, ashes 0.85. Beef meat, infected with echinococcosis, concedes on quality: content of protein 19.14, fat content makes 9.57 moisture 70.17, ashes 1.12. Beef meat, infected with echinococcosis, concedes on quality from meat of healthy animal


This article focuses on the role that National Human Rights Institutions play in guaranteeing access to justice for national minorities. Based on the osce hcnm Graz Recommendations on Access to Justice and National Minorities, this study aims at identifying commons issues and good practices by comparing rules and practices concerning minority representation in nhris, nhris' focus on national minority issues, and nhris' role in providing access to justice for national minorities. Separate subsections cover collective-groups' complaints and the relevance of groups during investigations; regional offices; and websites, languages, and online complaints. The conclusion highlights that protecting access to justice for national minorities entails both more 'focus' and 'access'. More focus should be guaranteed by relevant legislation and nhris' annual reports through separate chapters or sections on minorities. More access includes minority representation in nhris, regional offices, groups' complaints, multilingual and easy-to-access websites, as well as online tools for complaints.


In terms of seaborne contacts of Vietnamese court with foreign countries had two directions in the 19th century. One was with Island Southeast Asian ports such as Singapore, Malacca, Penang, Batavia, and Manila. The other direction was to Canton. The Canton contact of Vietnam again can be interpreted as one of the two directions of Vietnamese contact with China. The inland route far to Beijing was based on the political and diplomatic consideration, while the closer route to Canton by the court vessels was more for the economic consideration as the case for the contact with the Island Southeast Asia. In this article, author discusses three issues to illuminate the nature of the trips of the court vessels of the Nguyen dynasty to Canton. First is to clarify detail itinerary of the trip from the Thuan An Estuary to the City of Canton via ?? N?ng and Hanan. Unlike to the Western ships that visited Canton but anchored at the Huang Fu, Vietnamese square-rigged/copper-bottomed ships sailed up the Pearl river to the Guangzhou city front to stay for four or five months before they returned to Vietnam. In the second chapter, various kinds of observation of the Vietnamese officials are discussed. If the objects of the observation are divided into two categories, one is the world Westerners in Canton, and the other is the world of Chinese. In a same place, Canton, the Vietnamese officials could have enough chance to compare the two worlds clearly. An important consequence for the Vietnamese officials was to conclude that the mechanical technology of the Westerners was better than that of Chinese. This kind of conclusion led the Vietnamese court to send court personnels to learn Western technologies and languages in the port cities of Island Southeast Asia and to enlarge contacts with them. In the last chapter, author tries to find out the items that the Vietnamese mission purchased in Canton in exchange to the Vietnamese products. The items that the Vietnamese mission purchased included ceramics, silk, books, and medicines. With the support of the Chinese settlers in Vietnam the mission was able to be involved in the deal of illegal items such as opium, and possibly some kinds of precious ginseng from Korea. Overall, the process of the itinerary, observation, and purchase during the trip to Canton was the way to form the new point of view of Vietnamese intellectuals towards China standing from the side of Westerners. To the Vietnamese who experienced both Canton/Macao and the Western worlds in the port cities of Island Southeast Asia China was not the only center of the world, nor the Westerners could be looked down as the barbarians. In Canton, a peripheral region looked from the imperial capital Beijing, but the most internationalized city of China at that time, Vietnamese officials were training themselves to overcome China.


This paper presents a high-tech solution to meet the challenges in calibrating transportation simulation models. Like any simulation software, model calibration prior to its application plays a crucial role in producing reliable results. However, transportation professionals face difficulties in performing the daunting tasks of calibrating a model for each transportation network design to satisfy the targeted traffic flow demand, especially during data collection and distillation. Our innovative approach utilizes sensor and geography networking technology to seamlessly collect data about real world network, traffic, and driver behavior. This data is then distilled as needed by data mining before feeding the data to a simulation model. The data is validated automatically to instantaneously reflect the real world and to avoid typographical errors often involved with human intervention, resulting in a more accurate model.

We conduct a feasibility study for our vision of model calibration automation. The research flexes multidisciplinary expertise in traffic flow simulation, geosciences, sensing/networking, and knowledge discovery. As a proof of concept, we implement a prototype that demonstrates how to convert sensor data about traffic flow collected by a state department of transportation into a format taken by CORSIM, a popular traffic simulation model. A running example shows encouraging results.


he aim is to better understand this complex system thereby improving computer models that can be used to predict the sensitivity of climate to changes produced by natural phenomena and human activities. One of the most difficult challenges in unraveling the climate puzzle is the role of aerosols in regulating planetary temperature. People from a range of disciplines and backgrounds are working on the multiple dimensions of this scientific problem, including our scientists, engineers from private industry and students and faculty from university and precollege partners. Collectively, knowledge and skills are being gained in the areas of measurement of aerosols from the ground and space, scientific analysis of aerosol type, size, concentration and distribution, applications to public issues concerning health and classroom impact by involving students and teachers in aerosol research. Although aerosols represent only a tiny fraction of the mass of the atmosphere (less than one part per billion), they have the potential to cool climate by reflecting sunlight to space (a direct effect) and indirectly by altering cloud properties. Through processes that mix chemicals in the atmosphere and by providing surfaces on which chemical reactions can occur aerosols can even modify concentrations of greenhouse gases. It is broadly agreed in the scientific community that the average surface temperature of the Earth has increased in the past century by several tenths of a degree (IPCC, 1992; 1994), and it is generally acknowledged that the bulk of this temperature increase is probably the consequence of increasing atmospheric amounts of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Interpretation of observed climate change is complicated not only by measurement uncertainties but also by the fact that climate can fluctuate naturally without any external forcing. However, if increasing amounts of greenhouse gases were the only forcing agent then global warming would have already emerged above the level of climate fluctuations. Unfortunately, the climate problem is not that simple. Other forcings exist that are sufficiently large that they compete with the forcing provided by greenhouse gases. Thus, unless all of the major climate forcings are measured, it will not be possible to interpret the significance of observed climate change nor to accurately predict future trends. To place the aerosol forcing in perspective, the present day forcing due to greenhouse gases is roughly +2.0 to +2.8 W/m2 while the present day global mean forcing (direct and indirect) due to man-made aerosols is estimated to be between –0.3 to –2.5 W/m2. Unlike greenhouse


We describe in this paper a numerical simulation of magnetic hysteresis for ferromagnetic materials based on Jiles-Atherton model. In order to study the performance of this model, we investigate the influence of various model parameters on the shape of hysteresis loop. For this purpose we decide to focus on the system response for different excitation signals. The performed model can also simulate minor hysteresis loops and the demagnetization process.


To support the government's program towards world food barns in 2045, the use of sub-optimal wetlands such as peatlands and tidal land is a viable alternative. The problem of acidity in both types of land can be controlled, one of which is by providing ameliorant. Thus, the purposes of this study were to examine the effect of ameliorant application in increasing soil pH, as well as its influence in increasing the growth and production of paddy plants. The study was conducted using a nested factorial completely randomized design. The factors were soil (peat soil/l1 and tidal swampland/l2) and ameliorant types (without ameliorant/p0, dolomite/p1, chicken manure/p2, paddy husk ash/p3, paddy husk charcoal/p4, and baglog oyster mushroom waste/p5) that given 10 t ha−1 each. The results showed that all ameliorants applied could increase soil pH, growth, and paddy yield. Dolomite, chicken manure, and baglog oyster mushroom waste significantly elevated the pH of peat and tidal soils. The highest paddy productivity was at chicken manure application. The application of ameliorant increased soil pH to be suitable pH for paddy growing on peat and tidal soils.


When a structure is excited by an earthquake ground motion the input energy may be reduced by inelastic action or by supplemental damping devices. If the seismic energy dissipation can be achieved by means of separate non-load bearing supplementary damping systems, the structure itself can remain elastic providing a continuing serviceability following the design level earthquake.
This paper illustrates the advantages of using added, or supplemental, damping in structures. The control system consists of passive friction dampers installed in the ground floor of the structure using tendons to transmit the damper forces to the other parts of the structure. The damping forces generated by the dampers are transferred to the structure by the tendons and horizontal links that oppose the inertial loads applied to the structure by the earthquake excitation. The dampers are ring spring friction devices consisting of inner and outer ring elements assembled to a form a spring interface. A four storey-two bay steel frame was used in the study.


AMERICANS have usually enjoyed knowing what others have thought of their country and its society; indeed, the capacity of Americans to receive criticism as well as praise, especially from foreigners, has been phenomenal. Distinguished as well as undistinguished visitors have from the first returned to their respective homelands to describe, sometimes accurately, the conditions of life and the ways of living among the curious inhabitants of North America. Europeans, particularly during the nineteenth century, displayed great interest in the development of the United States and its peculiar institutions and many who had the means to travel crossed the Atlantic as tourists to view at first hand the scenic as well as the human wonders of the New World. To


A cylindrical plasma column placed across a waveguide or situated in free space in such a fashion that the electric field of an incoming wave is perpendicular to the axis of the column displays a series of resonant responses constituting a reflection and absorption spectrum. The spectrum may be elicited and observed at a fixed microwave frequency by varying the current through the column on which the incoming wave impinges and noting the reflected power. The present paper discusses (1) the electromagnetic field associated with the assumed electronic motion for the principal member of the spectrum and (2) the effect of radiation damping on the Q for this member.


Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a promising alternative for Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber layer in thin film solar cells due to its earth abundant, inexpensive, non-toxic constituents and optimal material properties. In this report, CZTS based thin film and nanowire (NW) solar cells are studied by both experimental and simulation approaches. The CZTS thin films are grown using co-sputtering of Cu-Zn-Sn metallic precursors from a single target followed by sulfurization with elemental sulfur. CZTS superstrate solar cells using CdS as a buffer layer in both thin film and NW designs are fabricated. Simulation data shows that the NW structures enhance the light absorption of CZTS around the NWs due to light trapping effect, which may have significant impact on solar cell performance.


There is provided a shielding structure which can suppress radiation noise for an electronic device, which is resistive against external noise and electrostatic discharge, which has a sufficient EMC characteristic and a sufficient ESD characteristic, and which is capable of reducing the thickness of the electronic device without increasing its size in the plan view. Shielding structure for use in an electronic device comprising a housing 2 and an electronic substrate 1 which is arranged in the housing 2 and which includes electronic parts 4, wherein the housing 2 includes at least a surface facing the electronic parts 4, the surface being made of an electrically conductive substance.; There is disposed a shielding member 3 made of electrically conductive material comprising a frame-shaped section 5 disposed on the printed board 1 to surround a periphery of the electronic parts 4 and a leaf spring section 6 disposed to project from an upper-edge section of the frame-shaped section 5 toward the inside of the frame-shaped section 5 and upwardly in an inclined direction. The shielding member 3 is disposed on the electronic substrate 1, and the surface made of an electrically conductive substance of the housing 2 pushes the leaf spring section 6 to be brought into contact therewith.


Sub-Saharan Africa is facing a healthcare tipping point. Policy and resources are mainly dedicated to fighting infectious diseases today. HIV, malaria and tuberculosis are the big targets. But over the next 15 years chronic diseases like cancer, heart disease, and kidney failure will become the major killers. By 2030 they will account for 42% of all deaths in the region, up from 25% today, says the World Health Organization.


in visible light was developed for making a document and teaching material of new environmental science. Since environmental contamination manifests especially in fine hue changes, we newly developed a hue and contrast emphasis method of satellite image. We investigated the satellite photograph by Himawari No. 8 taken after the sinking accident of Tanker Sanchi in January 2018. As a result, we could not find the influence of condensate dumped into the sea, it is found that there is a possible sea surface black band. It was also found that the eutrophication of the East China Sea extends near the Japanese exclusive economic zone (Exclusive Economic Zone, EEZ), sometimes the polluted seawater reaches the western coast of Kyushu island.


In this paper, we report on the effect of micropatterned SU-8 photoresist surfaces to self assembly of ordered colloidal crystal arrays. SU-8 microstructures are photopatterned onto glass substrates with minimal feature resolution of 1.5 μm using ultraviolet (UV) exposure. By simply controlling the colloidal concentration of the self assembly solution and the dimensions of the micropatterns, ordered colloidal crystal arrays are formed inside the SU-8 micropatterns. The method may have potential applications in photonic crystal device and chip fabrications.


The effects of substrate temperature on CoCrTa/Cr thin films were investigated by depositing CoCrTa films on Cr underlayers/sur with various crystallographic textures at both room temperature and elevated temperature. Contrary to the notion that crystallographic textures of [1120] and [1100] are required to obtain high in-plane coercivity (H/sub c/) and low noise in Co/Cr based thin-film media, the present experimental results show that both H/sub c/ and Delta M depend more strongly on the sputter temperature of the magnetic layer than on its crystallographic texture. It was also found that the Delta M of [1101]/sub Co//[110]/sub Cr/ textured films is lower than that of the [1120]/sub Co//[200]/sub Cr /films with similar H/sub c/. This suggests that [1101]/sub Co//[110]/sub Cr /textured media might have better signal-to-noise properties. >


The communication presents an evaluation of the allelopathic effect of the aqueous extract of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) leaves on the early development of wild chicory (Cichorium intybus) seedlings. The experiment was performed in Palotina City, State of Parana, Brazil. The physic nut leaves were harvested and then crushed in a blender using the proportion of 1 L of distilled water for each 200 g of leaves resulting in a crude extract of 100%. The experiments were conducted in 6 trials with 8 repetitions. The dilutions of 80, 40, 20, 10, 5 and 0% (only distilled water) were made using the crude extract. Data was subjected to statistical analysis (regression at 1% of probability). Aqueous extract of physic nut leaves showed an inhibitory allelopathic effect on the development of wild chicory (sugarloaf variety) which increased with enhanced concentration, presenting negative linear tendency, except for the variable fresh weight of shoots.

 Key words: Jatropha curcas L., Cichorium intybus, allelopathy.


Abstract : Aircraft Counter Measures (ACCM) is a laser system designed to provide significant glare source. It is part of a Warfighter Rapid Acquisition Program (WRAP) involving AFSOC/A5T, AFRL/DE, AFRL/HE, and Boeing Scorpworks Lab. Green light laser of particular wavelength, found to create a "dazzling effect" on the human eye. The main purpose of this test was to determine if the ACCM laser system works as an effective counter measure against small arms fire. The test team hoped to locate and measure the miss distance of all shots fired by the aggressor teams. Without a working Scorpworks sensor suite, the test team were unable to identify shots by shooter or show when a shooter was in the ACCM beam.


In this thesis we discuss two demanding problems from the field of computer and communication security that involve trust. The first is known as the database service provider problem: A database owner wants a database service provider (DSP) to host her database. She only trusts this DSP to a limited extent, so she does not want to rely solely on contractual solutions. It is therefore necessary to enforce confidentiality of her data by technical means. The second problem concerns a (potentially very large) number of network nodes in a peer-to-peer (P2P) environment. Both problems are notoriously hard because, other than in traditional computer security problems, the adversary has a lot of control over the situation. The untrusted DSP needs to be able to process the data without learning anything about it, which seems to be a contradiction. In P2P applications it is desirable that nodes can join anonymously, but anonymity makes it easy to spread false reputation information. A node that enters a P2P application network for the first time needs to trust the claimed observations of other nodes, independent of the rate of malicious behaviour. Our findings are not perfect solutions, but nevertheless instructive in several ways: We propose relaxed, but still practically useful, notions of security for the DSP problem; we identify theoretical limitations of the DSP solution space; and we gradually reduce the impact of adversarial behaviour in P2P reputation systems using heuristic methods. As a side effect of our work, we present a special-purpose framework for simulation of P2P reputation systems that can be used to compare and fine-tune previous and upcoming work.


Analysis using wearable sensors is an inexpensive, convenient, and efficient manner of providing useful information for multiple health-related applications. As a clinical tool applied in the rehabilitation and diagnosis of medical conditions and sport activities, gait analysis using wearable sensors shows great prospects. The paper reviews available wearable sensors and ambulatory gait analysis methods based on the various wearable sensors. After an introduction of the gait phases, the principles and features of wearable sensors used in gait analysis are provided. The case study on wearable sensors and systems summarize recent developments in the field of wearable sensors and systems that are relevant to the field of rehabilitation. The growing body of work focused on the application of wearable technology to monitor older adults and subjects with chronic conditions in the home and community settings justifies the emphasis clinical applications of wearable technology currently undergoing assessment rather than describing the development of new wearable sensors and systems. A short description of key enabling technologies (i.e. sensor technology, communication technology, and data analysis techniques) that have allowed researchers to implement wearable systems is followed by a detailed description of major areas of application of wearable technology. Applications described here include those that focus on health and wellness, safety, home rehabilitation, assessment of treatment efficacy, and early detection of disorders. The integration of wearable and ambient sensors is discussed in the context of achieving home monitoring of older adults and subjects with chronic conditions.


In the last 10-15 years community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become increasingly recognized as a significant, worldwide health problem. CA-MRSA causes skin and soft tissue infections as well as more serious, sometimes life-threatening, pneumonias in otherwise healthy people. Outbreaks of CAMRSA infections have occurred in unexpected groups. Some CA-MRSA strains are particularly virulent and have achieved ecological stability, raising concern that those strains of CA-MRSA could become endemic in certain areas of the country and within certain populations. No generally accepted diagnostic, treatment, or prevention guidelines for practitioners currently exist for CA-MRSA as there are for hospital-acquired MRSA infections (HA-MRSA). This paper reviews currently available pathophysiological, epidemiological, and historical information from various journals and texts, as well as current diagnostic and treatment approaches. The treatment guidelines and algorithm presented here are designed to aid practitioners in their clinical decision-making and interventions when addressing potential CA-MRSA infections.


In this work we investigate the lateral dye distribution resulting from the dye doping of a thin polymer film by ink-jet printing (UIP) for the integration of color organic light emitting diodes (OLED's). The dye is found to segregate into distinct outer rings following rapid droplet evaporation, while slower evaporation rates are found to significantly reduce (or eliminate) this effect. The dye segregation phenomena are found to depend critically on the mechanisms of droplet evaporation. Good dye uniformity was obtained using a low vapor pressure solvent, and integrated, 250 micron red, green, and blue polymer organic light emitting diodes (OLED's) were fabricated with this technique. These devices had good color uniformity over most of the device area and similar electrical properties to comparable spin-coated devices without UP.


A New Measuring Method of Electric Resistivity of Outer -Semiconductive Layer of XLPE Cable Kazuo Watanabe (Fujikura Ltd.) This paper proposes a new measuring method of electric resistivity of outer-semiconductive layer of XLPE cable, which may substitute the conventional method. The resistivity can be obtained easily by measuring resistance between two electrodes which are attached to a circumferential edge on one side of the outer-semiconductive layer of a cable core sample.


While the computational power of modern supercomputers has risen tremendously in recent years, user's I/O work (read, write, open, close, etc.) has increased correspondingly. As a result of the high I/O load, these jobs often overwhelm the supercomputers' file systems. Generating hundreds of GB of data or tens of thousands of I/O operations in a very short period of time significantly slows down file systems and in some cases may result in a crash incurring the loss of users' compute time, a great number of user services tickets, and poor reliability perception. Nearly a decade of close observation and study of file systems has led us to formulate new guidelines and invent several tools to alleviate the I/O issues in the current supercomputing environment. In this paper, we focus on I/O work implemented on the Lustre parallel file systems of Frontera and Stampede2, but also investigate other types of file systems employed on other TACC machines. We also discuss common I/O issues collected from supercomputer users, including: high frequency of MDS requests, overloaded OSS, unstriped large files, etc. To solve these problems, we offer important guidelines on how to choose appropriate file systems. Furthermore, we introduce novel tools and workflows, such as CDTools, Python_Cacher, OOOPS, and Auto Striping to facilitate users' I/O work. We believe these tools will greatly benefit users who need to manage heavy I/O workloads on parallel file systems.


Very rare tumours (VRTs) in paediatric age are a heterogeneous group of cancers very rarely encountered in daily practice, even in large paediatric oncology centres. Some of them are typical of paediatric age, such as pleuropulmonary blastoma or pancreatoblastoma; others are typically found in adulthood, such as carcinomas and melanoma. With the objective of improving the research on, and management of, paediatric VRTs, a national study group was founded and the Tumori Rari in Età Pediatrica (Rare Tumours in Paediatric Age [TREP]) project was launched in Italy in 2000. For the purposes of this project, VRTs have been defined as "any solid malignancy characterized by an annual incidence of <2 cases/million children and not considered in other clinical trials". From January 2000 to December 2011, 652 patients <18 years of age were registered in the TREP database. This article presents the experience gathered so far and underlines the need to develop international collaborations dedicated to paediatric VRTs. With this aim, national groups from Italy, Germany, France, Poland and the UK have created, in June 2008, a new collaborative group named European Cooperative Study Group for Paediatric Rare Tumours (EXPeRT).


As a developing country, Indonesia is experiencing problems related to the large population with uneven distribution. In responding to issues related to people, the government tries to carry out an accurate population data collection. The management of population data collection is the responsibility of the city/district government, where the implementation starts from the village as the spearhead of population registration. When information and communication technology development was relatively rapid, thePopulation Administration Information System was formed, structured as an information system based on procedures and technology base. Every population event requires valid evidence for administration and recording. But in reality, not all residents feel the ease of accessing these services. Another problem is the centralization of all population administration services, which are only carried out at the Office of Population and Civil Registration, causing crowded queues considering many visitors every day. This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the Resident Identity Card management service based on the Malang Regency Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2018 concerning the Implementation of Population Administration at the Malang RegencyPopulation and Civil Registration Office and the factors that support and hinder it. The method used is the descriptive qualitative method. The approach used is more subjective by collecting information through interviews. In implementing the Resident Identity Card management service at the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Malang Regency, several administrative policy problems were found that were less flexible, including rotation of service officers and limitations of the internet network.


The impacts of light-dark cycles (LD) and NaNO3 loading on the specific growth rate (SGR), biomass productivity (P), and intracellular lipid productivity (LP) of Chlorella kessleri microalgae species is investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) and support vector regression (SVR) based nonlinear empirical models were develop to predict SGR, P, and LP. The experimental data, according to central composite design (CCD) matrix, were applied to compare and assess the models. Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) was integrated with SVR to automatically tune the hyperparameters of the SVR models. The hybrid BOA-SVR model performs better with high accuracy than RSM model for predicting all responses. Finally, the crow search algorithm was integrated with BOA-SVR was employed to find the global optimal conditions for maximizing SGR, P and LP. The maximum SGR, P, and LP were found at the operating conditions of 12/12 h/h of LD and 10.92 g/L of NaNO3 loading.


This study aimed to investigate how some specific cultural and personal factors can influence people's life satisfaction. By embracing an interactionist perspective, we hypothesized that perceiving one's social environment as culturally tight (greater strength of social norms) can "match" with regulatory prevention focus (focus on safety following guidelines and rules) resulting in increased life satisfaction. This study relied on a cross-sectional design with 472 participants residing in Italy who filled out a questionnaire with self-report measures of perceived cultural tightness of their place of residence, and well-validated measurement scales of prevention focus and life satisfaction. A moderated multiple regression model revealed that regulatory prevention focus moderated the relationship between perceived cultural tightness and life satisfaction in such a way that the relationship was positive in high (vs. low) prevention focus. Therefore, results confirmed our match hypothesis that individuals' perception of tight social norms where they reside is associated with higher life satisfaction, particularly in those who are highly focused on prevention. These findings provide insight into identifying possible interactions of perceived culture and regulatory focus on subjective well-being within an Italian sample.


Mainstream medicine is increasingly receptive to the use of antimicrobials and other drugs derived from plants, as traditional antibiotics become ineffective in a short span of time. A total of 165 extracts from 64 plants collected from Northern part of India were screened for their qualitative and quantitative antimicrobial properties against eleven bacterial strains. The ethanolic extracts of Bauhinia purpurea, Buddleza paniculata, Cassia fistula, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Lawsonia innermis, Mallotus philippinensis, Mimuspos elengi, Punica granatum, Plumbago zeylanica and Rubus ellipticus exhibited antibacterial activity. Extracts of Buddleza paniculata, Anethum graveolens, Dioscorea bulbifera, Myrtus communis, Plumbago zeylanica, Rheum moorcroftianum and Eclipta alba showed activity against MRSA. Ethanolic extracts were found to be more bioactive than the aqueous extracts.


This study aims to determine the effect of management accounting systems on managerial performance with business ethics perception as a moderating variable in PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. The populations in this study were top, middle and lower managers who were responsible for the performance of ten branch offices of PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk in the city of Bandung and the population was 80 people. The results showed that business ethics perception was able to moderate the influence of management accounting systems on managerial performance.


The meshing impact on transmission system and internal meshing gear pair and its impact on the load sharing and dynamic characteristics of the system are not well understood yet. In this paper, the meshing impact models of internal gear pairs and planetary transmission system were successfully constructed, and the meshing impact point, meshing impact time and meshing impact force were accurately obtained. Meshing impact in gear transmission system is obviously affected by eccentricity error, installation error, and other errors. Due to the difference in error of each component, the internal and external gears of each branch lead to different meshing positions, which causes the constant change in meshing impact point, meshing impact time and meshing impact force. This creates difficulties in the analysis of meshing impact characteristics of gear transmission system. Load Tooth Contact Analysis (LTCA) method can be used to accurately analyse the change in position of gear tooth under load condition. Through the dynamic model of planetary transmission system, the influence in component errors on the contact position of tooth surface is obtained. Combining the loaded transmission error of the tooth surface under load and the geometric transmission errors under the influence of component errors, the model of meshing impact for accurately solving the system is deduced, and the influence of meshing impact on the system's load sharing coefficient and dynamic load factor coefficient is analysed. By comparing the planetary transmission system before and after considering the meshing impact of the system, it is found that the system's load-sharing coefficient increases slightly, dynamic load factor coefficient fluctuates significantly, and meshing force becomes more clutter after considering meshing impact.


This paper, based on a review of the literature, previous research and original recent research, sheds light on the incidence and characteristics of employee financial participation in Croatian enterprises. The main conclusions are that the present level of development of employee financial participation in Croatia is relatively low. Employee share ownership, which emerged during privatization, is decreasing constantly and does not have significant support. Employee stock ownership plan [ESOP] models are relatively rare and also without broader political support. The incidence of profit-sharing is negligible. Further and larger studies may provide more firm conclusions about future development of employee financial participation in Croatia.


The author has undertaken in this book to assimilate the clinical and laboratory features of the infant cardiovascular system which define the normal and distinguish it from the abnormal. After a discussion of the "concept of normal," the next two chapters are devoted to a review of the anatomic and physiologic features of fetal and infant circulation. Thereafter follow chapters on the evaluation of various parameters of the infant cardiovascular system such as heart murmurs, cyanosis, cardiac rate and rhythm, and heart size. The place of electrocardiography and radiography in evaluation of the infant's cardiac status is emphasized. Final chapters deal with special problems, including cardiac failure and the respiratory-distress syndrome, as well as the evaluation of the heart in primarily noncardiac diseases. This book comes as an interesting and informative volume to be added to the rapidly expanding library on the medical evaluation and management of the fetus and


The confinement derived from the health contingency due to COVID 19 has brought with it an increase in psychological disorders such as stress, anxiety and insomnia. Despite the existence of action guidelines for each of the conditions, the presence of constant environmental factors does not allow a convenient evaluation and intervention. That is why this article aims to provide guidelines for evaluation and action from an ideographic perspective. The cognitive-behavioral techniques with more evidence are analyzed and a guide to evaluation instruments adapted to the Mexican context is provided. Finally, the emphasis is placed on the importance of individual analysis in the context of confinement for the adequate choice of intervention techniques.


This study provides international evidence on integration and price convergence in five ASEAN economies using Johansen and Juselius (1990) multivariate cointegration tests, followed by Granger causality within the Vector Error-Correction Model (VECM), and variance decomposition analysis. The results suggest that there is a stable long run equilibrium relationship between price levels in the ASEAN countries. The Granger long run causal results suggest that Malaysia and Thailand are affected by inflation in the rest of the ASEAN countries. On the other hand, the short run Granger causal results, except for the Philippines, indicate that inflation in the rest of the ASEAN economies is interrelated. Results from variance decomposition further support this contention. In conclusion, this study on price convergence suggests that there is a tendency for the price levels in ASEAN-5 to move towards convergence in the long run, but at a low speed of adjustment.


such damage can cause deleterious effects in the offspring, such as birth defects or childhood cancers (Aiken and Sawyer. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2003;518: 85-98). Zini noted that pregnancy is possible despite some degree of DNA damage, but little work has been done to evaluate the potential influence of sperm DNA damage on the health of resultant offspring. This may be particularly relevant for ICSI because this technique removes the natural barriers to fertilization and infertile men have higher levels of sperm DNA damage compared with fertile men. In addition, there is increasing concern regarding the safety of ICSI, which has been associated with significant increases in chromosomal abnormalities. Several studies have noted that an association may exist between ICSI and Beckwith-Wiedemann and Angelman syndromes. These are rare disorders arising fromabnormalgenetic imprinting,which is the process that silences either the maternal or paternal copy of a gene early in development (Powell. Nature. 2003;422: 656-658). "What is the implication of a successful ISCI pregnancy if you have damaged sperm DNA?" said Zini. "We don't know the answer."


Let R ⊂ S be an extension of integral domains, Supp(S/R) = {P ∈ Spec(R): (S/R) P ≠ 0} the support of the R-module S/R, and [R, S] the set of intermediate rings between R and S. We prove the following theorem: If there is a maximal chain of rings from R to S of length n and Supp(S/R) consists of n maximal ideals, then ([R, S], ·, ∩) is a boolean algebra with cardinality 2 n . An interesting example is exhibited to illustrate the scope of this theorem.


This paper introduces the significance of the high quality courses,and in the light of several shortcomings existing commonly in the construction of the high quality course website of university,advances some improving suggestions.


To counteract the lack of competition and innovation in the financial services industry, the EU has issued the Second Payment Services Directive (PSD2) encouraging account servicing payment service providers to share data. The UK, similarly to other European countries, has promoted a standard API for data sharing:~the Open Banking Standard. We present a formal security analysis of its APIs, focusing on the correctness of the Account and Transaction API protocol. The work relies on a previously proposed methodology, which provided a practical approach to protocol modelling and verification.


The invention relates to a resource control method and device. The resource control method includes the following steps that: resource information obtained by a remote device is displayed, and a binding relationship between the remote device and an application installed on a current mobile terminal is established through the same account; and share operation triggered by a current user is obtained, and the resource information is uploaded to a server end and is pushed to the other users through the server end. According to the resource control method provided by the embodiment of the invention, since the binding relationship between the remote device and the application installed on the current mobile terminal is established through the same account, the current APP on the mobile terminal has operating authority for the remote device, and therefore, the resource information obtained by the remote device can be displayed, and when the share operation triggered by the current user is obtained, the resource information is uploaded to the server end, and the server end pushes the resource information to the other users, and as a result, the remote resource information can be shared, and a realizing process is simple.


The urban planning area is a law specially authorized area to implement the " urban and rural planning law". Rational planning is a prerequisite for scientific management. However,there are some defects for the planning area in terms of the delineation of the scope,spatial planning system and content control. This paper analyzes the meaning,purpose and role of the planning area,and states that there exist some problems in the planning area,for example,the spatial planning system is unclear,the planning content and the management is confusing,it is difficult to link the control content with the land use planning,supporting laws and regulations are not perfect,and so on. At the same time,the paper also proposes the planning and management of the special planning organization,form a complete set of law and policy,etc.


The orthogonal analysis and single factor analysis were used to analyze the roughness of SiCp/Al metal matrix composites (SiCp/Al MMCs) with ultrasonic high-speed milling and high-speed milling. The influences of milling speed, feed and milling depth on the roughness were studied. The research indicates that the roughness in ultrasonic high-speed milling is lower than that in high-speed milling under the same condition, at the same time the optimal parameters of ultrasonic high-speed milling are obtained, this has a guiding significance for finish machining of SiCp/Al composites.


This paper presents a study of energy consumption of the AMRK, an Active Magnetorheological Knee actuator developed for transfemoral prostheses. The system consists of an active motor-unit composed by an EC motor, harmonic drive and magnetorheological (MR) clutch; that is displayed in parallel to an MR brake. With this configuration, the AMRK can work as a motor, clutch, or brake, reproducing movements similar to those of a healthy knee. We used the dynamic models of the MR clutch, MR brake and motor unit to simulate the energy consumption during over-ground walking under three different situations: using the complete AMRK, using just the motor-reducer of the AMRK, to simulate a common active prosthesis (CAKP), and using just the MR brake, to simulate a common semi-active prosthesis (CSAKP). The operation strategy of AMRK uses the motor-unit only when concentric contraction is required to raise the body center of gravity during midstance. When power dissipation is required, only the MR brake operates. The results show that the AMRK spends just 14.8 J during the gait cycle, with is 3.9 times lower than the CAKP (57.2 J), while the CSAKP spends just 6.0 J.


Using the results of Malcev and Dynkin, the irreducible representations of connected components of complex semisimple Lie groups are classified. The simple Lie algebras A1, Bn, Cn, G2, F4, E7, and E8 have no outer automorphism and, for the Lie algebra D2k, the automorphism corresponding to the contragredient transformation is inner. Hence, all the irreducible representations of all simple Lie algebras except An (n > 1), D2k+1, and E6 are self‐contragredient. For An (n > 1), D2k+1, and E6, an irreducible representation is self‐contragredient, provided its highest weight possesses the symmetry to reduce the outer automorphism of the algebra into an inner one for the representation. All the self‐contragredient irreducible representations are classified into orthogonal and symplectic types by reducing the problem to the case of the angular‐momentum algebra.


In a time division duplex personal communications system uplink and downlink use different time slots on the same carrier. This makes transmit antenna selection diversity possible to combat performance loss in slow fading channels. The best transmit antenna is selected on the basis of signal measurements in preceding receive time slots. Previously proposed selection algorithms have poor performance, if the signal measurements are corrupted by noise. The structure of the optimum selection algorithm for noisy coherent signal measurements is reviewed. It involves an adaptive linear predictor. The design of an optimum nonadaptive predictor is described and the error performance of a system with DECT-like parameters is given. Almost the full diversity gain can be maintained for mobile speeds up to 12 km/h.<<ETX>>


Highly contagious respiratory diseases caused by viral infections, like influenza are a constantly emerging threat, particularly among the elderly. Vaccination is one of the most effective strategy for preventing influenza, but the aged-related reduced efficacy of the influenza vaccine remains an unresolved problem. Here, we demonstrate that the aging-related reduced efficacy of the influenza vaccine can be improved by the complex of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and alum called PGA/Alum, a new adjuvant capable of inducing innate and adaptive immune responses in aged mice. PGA/Alum induced activation of dendritic cells isolated from spleen of aged mice, with increases of expression of co-stimulatory molecules and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although aged mice were observed decrease of T and B cell population and weaken efficacy of pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine than young mice, PGA/Alum recovered the vaccine efficacy in aged mice. Notably, the vaccine-PGA/Alum-immunized aged mice increased hemagglutination-inhibition titers, serum-neutralization titers, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, and generation of multifunctional CD4+ T lymphocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that PGA/Alum could be a potent vaccine adjuvant that improves the aging-related reduced efficacy of the influenza vaccine, thereby resulting in effective prevention against influenza virus infection in the elderly.
 This research was funded by a grant from KRIBB Research Initiative Program (KGM9942112).


In order to improve the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging quality of precession space target, an algorithm based on phase matching processing (PMP) of complex range profile envelope (CRPE) is proposed in this paper. By phase matching processing, only the echo components located at the scattering points corresponding to the main body of the warhead can be coherently accumulated. The echoes of other scattering centers without any coherence will cancel each other when they are transformed. Hence, the focusing of scatters centers of the warhead main body is improved and the interference caused by non-spin symmetric components is well suppressed. Simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of the method.


Summary: Human erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) was purified and specific antiserum was raised in rabbits. Enzyme preparations from adults and from newborns were shown to be indistinguishable in their immunologic and electrophoretic properties. Erythrocyte SOD was quantitated in blood specimens from adults and in cord blood specimens from neonates of different gestational ages, using both an immunologic and an activity assay. The mean values of SOD concentration and SOD activity for adults and for newborns of average size for gestational age (AGA) showed no significant difference. Adult red cells contained 28.0 ± 8.3 SOD units/mg hemoglobin (Hgb) whereas AGA neonatal red cells had 28.5 ± 8.3 SOD units/mg Hgb. Immunologic quantitation by single radial immunodiffusion revealed 0.69 ± 0.07 μg SOD/mg Hgb in adults and 0.70 ± 0.14 μg SOD/mg Hgb in the AGA neonates; however, the SOD concentrations from both small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) neonates were significantly lower than those of the AGA neonates and the adults (SGA: 0.57 ± 0.24 μg SOD/mg Hgb, P < 0.05; LGA: 0.59 ± 0.16 μg SOD/mg Hgb, P < 0.05).Speculation: The relatively small quantitative differences in cytosolic superoxide dismutase are unlikely to account for an increased susceptibility to oxygen therapy. The possibility of a decrease in the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase isoenzyme has yet to be studied.


The roles of DARPP-32 in mediating dopamine (DA)-dependent modulation of corticoaccumbens transmission and intercellular coupling were examined in mouse accumbens (NAC) neurons by both intracellular sharp electrode and whole cell recordings. In wildtype (WT) mice bath application of the D2-like agonist quinpirole resulted in 73% coupling incidence in NAC spiny neurons, compared to baseline (9%), whereas quinpirole failed to affect the basal coupling (24%) in slices from DARPP-32 knockout (KO) mice. Thus, D2 stimulation attenuated DARPP-32-mediated suppression of coupling in WT spiny neurons, but this modulation was absent in KO mice. Further, whole cell recordings revealed that quinpirole reversibly decreased the amplitude of cortical-evoked EPSPs in spiny neurons of WT mice, but this reduction was markedly attenuated in KO mice. Bath application of the D1/D5 agonist SKF 38393 did not alter evoked EPSP amplitude in WT or KO spiny neurons. Therefore, DA D2 receptor regulation of both cortical synaptic (chemical) and local non-synaptic (dye coupling) communications in NAC spiny neurons is critically dependent on intracellular DARPP-32 cascades. Conversely, in fast-spiking interneurons, blockade of D1/D5 receptors produced a substantial decrease in EPSP amplitude in WT, but not in KO mice. Lastly, in putative cholinergic interneurons, cortical-evoked disynaptic IPSPs were attenuated by D2-like receptor stimulation in WT but not KO slices. These data indicate that DARPP-32 plays a central role in 1) modulating intercellular coupling, 2) cortical excitatory drive of spiny and aspiny GABAergic neurons, and 3) local feedforward inhibitory drive of cholinergic-like interneurons within accumbens circuits no cases of coupling were revealed by whole cell recording from KO mouse slices (i.e., 0% for 5 cells under basal conditions, 6 cells after D1/D5 agonist application and 6 cells after D2-like agonist application). This was extrapolated as zero percent coupling (out of a total of 17 cells recorded) in KO mouse slices recorded using whole cell electrodes, compared to a 30% incidence (9/32; p = 0.01) revealed in KO mouse slices by sharp electrodes. These data suggest that dialysis of intracellular constituents through low-impedance patch electrodes may impact coupling in DARPP-32 KO spiny neurons. cell recordings. graph summarizes basic membrane properties of 3 major cell subtypes in the WT mouse accumbens. Cholinergic-like large aspiny neurons (LAN) in WT mice exhibit significantly more depolarized resting membrane potential


I. INTRODUCTION This article will discuss one very small but significant aspect of the last minute litigation filed on behalf of Robert Glen Coe, who on April 19, 2000 became the first person executed in Tennessee in nearly forty years. On March 21, 2000, proceedings were brought in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee asserting that Robert Glen Coe had a right to have counsel present at his execution. This assertion was based on his right to access to the courts guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. In two published opinions, U.S. District Court Judge Aleta Trauger became the first judge in the Union to enunciate a client's right to have counsel present at his execution.' II. HISTORY OF THE CASE Robert Glen Coe was indicted for the September 1, 1979 rape, kidnaping, and murder of Cary Medlin. In 1981, Robert Coe was sentenced to death, and the sentence was subsequently affirmed on direct appeal? Thereafter, Coe filed three petitions in state court seeking post-conviction relief, all of which were denied. In 1987, Coe filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. In December of 1996 the district court granted Coe habeas corpus relief, ordering a new trial. On appeal, the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit reversed the district court and reinstated Coe's sentence of death? After the United States Supreme Court declined to review the case,4 the State of Tennessee filed a motion in the Tennessee Supreme Court to set an execution dates In response, Coe's counsel asserted that Coe was mentally incompetent to be executed.6 The Tennessee Supreme Court then set an execution date of March 23, 2000, and remanded Coe's case to the Criminal Court of Shelby County to conduct an expedited hearing to determine whether Coe was competent to be executed. Judge John Colton conducted a competency hearing from January 24 through January 28, 2000.8 At the hearing, counsel argued that Coe lacked the mental capacity to understand the fact of and the reason for his impending execution.' Thus, Coe argued that the Eighth Amendment prohibited his execution.'o Dr. William Kenner, a psychiatrist on the faculty at Vanderbilt University Medical School, testified that Coe suffered from dissociative identity disorder," a condition which would cause Coe to phase in and out of mental competency, depending upon the presence of stressors in his life." Opining that an imminent execution is a very stressful thing, Dr. Kenner stated that as the execution date approached, within a reasonable degree of medical certainty, Coe would decompensate and become mentally incompetent to the point where it would violate the Eighth Amendment to execute him.13 On February 2, 2000, Judge Colton ruled that Robert Glen Coe was competent to be executed.14 The Tennessee Supreme Court affirmed on March 6, 2000.15 However, the Tennessee Supreme Court stated in its opinion that if there were a substantial change in Coe's mental condition as execution was approaching that could be verified by a mental health expert, the court might reconsider the issue.16 Thus, counsel was in a position of desperately needing to observe Coe closely and continuously as his execution approached in order to determine whether there was any appreciable deterioration in Coe's mental condition. Yet policies at Riverbend Maximum Security Institution, which houses Tennessee's death row, isolated Coe from his counsel at the time closest to his execution. It was at this time that counsel was attempting to determine whether or not Coe would mentally decompensate under the stress of impending execution as Dr. Kenner predicted. Riverbend policy permitted Coe to have visitation with his attorney up to one hour before the time of execution." At 12:00 a.m., Coe was to be taken to a holding cell, where he was to remain until 1:00 a. …


We present a general approach to the construction of conservation laws for the dynamics of nonholonomic relativistic systems. Firstly, we give the definition of integrating factors for the differential equations of motion of a mechanical system. Next, the necessary conditions for the existence of the conserved quantities are studied in detail. Then, we establish the existential theorem for the conserved quantities and its inverse for the equations of motion of a nonholonomic relativistic system. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.


The invention confirms the proper attachment of a biopsy needle attachment and to detect the type of the attached attachment, the body unit determines the proper attachment of the attachment if all bar-code readers of the ultrasound probe reads successfully the bar-code of the attachment at the opposing position, to display a guideline corresponding to the type of the attachment on the display unit, otherwise the body unit determines improper attachment of the attachment to the ultrasound probe and warns of the improper attachment.


Quantitative assessment of performance in image understanding tasks with real data is diicult since the data is complex and the diierent computational modules most often interact. Employing modern statistical techniques we have developed a set of numerical tools which provide rigorous performance measures derived solely from the given input. Covariance matrices and conndence intervals are computed for the estimated parameters and individually for the corrected data points. As an example, the proposed methodology is applied to compare rigid motion estimators. The lack of universally accepted, rigorous performance assessment methodology is considered by many as one of the major bottlenecks of progress in image understanding. In a recent paper Christensen and FF orstner 7] discuss several objections against the widespread use of evaluation techniques. Most of these objections are well justiied. Performance for real data often cannot be reliably predicted from the controlled experiments with simple, synthetic inputs. A practical system contains several interacting computational modules, and traditional techniques (like error propagation) may be unfeasible. Empirical testing often yields incompatible performance measures and thus ignores the very goal of the procedure, enabling comparison with other techniques. The number of experiments required to obtain highly accurate statistical measures is prohibitively large 14], and for real data it is not well understood how the input space can be parameterized. In this paper we present a new, very general performance assessment methodology which hopefully provides at least partial response to these objections. The new method is an extension of the resampling paradigm widely used in statistics, and has a solid theoretical basis. The method is entirely numerical and derives statistically valid measures solely from the given input. To obtain similar measures using more traditional methods a large set of distinct inputs has to be available. Being data driven the new method


Abstract 4604 Currently standard first line therapy for fit patients with B-CLL/SLL are fludarabine-based regimens. Elderly patients or patients with comorbidities poorly tolerate purine analogue-based chemotherapy and they are often treated with Chlorambucil (Chl). However, complete response (CR) and overall response (OR) rates with Chl are relatively low. We now investigated whether the addition of Rituximab to Chl will improve the efficacy without impairing the tolerability in elderly and unfit patients. We included in our study 23 elderly or unfit patients that had not received prior therapy. All patients were treated with Chl (1mg/Kg monthly for 8 cycles) plus Rituximab (375 mg/m 2 for the first course and 500 mg/m 2 for subsequent cycles until the 6 th cycle). Fifteen patients were male and 8 were female, with a median age at the time of treatment of 70 years (range 58 to 81 years). Eight patients (35%) were unfit with a median age of 68 years (range 58 to 79 years). Five patients were in stage A/I, 10 were in stage B/II and 8 in stage C/IV. FISH analysis was done in all patients: 78% showed karyotype abnormalities. Low-risk FISH karyotype was detected in 20/23 pts: 12 of them had del(13q14), 1 had trisomy 12, 1 trisomy 12 and del(13q14) and 6 had a normal karyotype. Three patients showed a high risk karyotype: all of them had del(11q). None of the patients had a 17p deletion. Nineteen pts were studied for IGHV mutational status (83%), 12 had unmutated while 7 had mutated IGHV genes. Twenty-one patients were evaluable for response to treatment. The median number of Chl and RTX cycles administered in the 21 patients who completed the treatment protocol was 8 (range 6 to 8 cycles) and 6 (range 4 to 6 cycles) respectively. The median total dose of Chl administered during the treatment was 600 mg per patient (median dose 85 mg each cycle). The median dose of RTX administered was 4000 mg per patient (median dose 710 mg each cycle). Among 21 pts evaluable for response, the Overall Response Rate (ORR) was 76%. Six pts (28%) obtained a complete response, 10 pts (48%) obtained a partial response. No significant statistical differences were noticed in terms of ORR for age more or less than 70 years, fitness status, bulky disease, cytogenetic risk abnormalities or IgVH, ZAP-70 and CD38 categories. On an intention to treat basis the median PFS was not reached at a median time of 21 months (range 2–45). Eleven pts experienced progression after treatment at a median time of 20 months (range 2–36). No significant statistical differences were found among the analyzed risk groups. After a median time of 25 months (range, 2–45 months), TTR was not reached. No significant statistical differences were noticed between the Unmutated and Mutated IgVH groups and for ZAP-70 and CD38 categories with respect to TTR. At present the median follow-up is 29 months, with an OS rate of 80% (19/23). None of the risk factors analyzed were found to influence significantly the OS. In conclusion, this study suggests that the combination Chl-R is a safe and effective therapeutic option for untreated B-CLL pts that are not eligible for fludarabine treatment because of age and/or comorbidities. A multicentre trial to confirm these data is planned. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The aims of this study were (1) to find out the results of interviews with teachers and students regarding problems in learning mathematics, (2) to find out the results of learning observations related to understanding mathematical concepts. The location of this research is at SDN 14 Koto Anau, Lembang Jaya District, Solok Regency, West Sumatra Indonesia. The research was conducted in the even semester of January 2022. The subjects of this study were class teachers and students in class V SDN 14 Koto Anau, a total of 17 students. Data collection techniques using interviews with teachers and students, and observation. After getting the data, it is done with naturalistic qualitative analysis techniques. Based on the results of interviews and observations it is known that there are many problems and students' understanding of concepts is still low


Based on the frequency and phase modulated signal, the authors design some commonly-used pulse radar baseband waveform, such as linear frequency modulated waveform, nonlinear frequency modulated waveform, Costas waveform, Barker coding waveform and multi-phase coded waveform, and the authors compare their performance, such as the peak side lobe ratio, the Rayleigh resolution in time and distance resolution. Then, based on the software radio platform NI PXIe-5644R, the authors design the timing control procedures and waveform launch procedures, and make the sampling rate, center frequency, pulse period and signal power flexible and controllable. After that, the authors test and verify the various waveforms.


This paper aims to offer new perspectives on the blockchain's ecological sustainability issue. We introduce a measurement framework that offers a panoramic view of the environmental concerns associated with blockchain technologies in a cryptocurrency context, namely Bitcoin. The framework is novel in that it considers ecological sustainability factors that go beyond just electricity consumption, such as the nature of the energy sources involved, hardware reuse and recycling practices, and the technology's scalability. In developing the framework, we identify relevant green performance indicators from the scientific literature and link them to key features of the blockchain technology that play a role in the environmental footprint. We hope that the proposed measurement framework will bring some level of awareness about the environmental footprint associated with operating a blockchain technology and offer a useful starting ground for future research on this important topic.


Summary The article analyzes the course of pregnancy with various tactics of management of cervical insufficiency: with the use of vaginal micronized progesterone + obstetric perforated pessary of Dr. Arabin, only progesterone, only the pessary and with expectant tactics. It is established that the smallest number of pregnancy complications is observed when sharing vaginal micronized progesterone + obstetric perforated pessary of Dr. Arabin.


Among the nutritional problems in childhood, the one that most draws attention
in the health area is obesity. The present study aimed to evaluate the body
composition and eating habits of 7 to 10 year old children with overweight in the
municipality of Vitoria de Santo Antao. For this, 50 children, aged 7 to 10 years,
from the city of Vitoria de Santo Antao participated in the study. Among the
students evaluated, 51.1% (n = 23) presented eutrophy, while 48.9% (n = 22)
were classified as overweight, being 29 males and 16 females. Body
composition was evaluated using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference
(WC), waist circumference (CA), hip circumference (QC) and waist
circumference ratio (WHR). Overweight male children presented higher values
of WC, AC, and CQ in relation to overweight female children. On the other
hand, stromal female children presented higher values of WC, AC and WHR
compared to stromal male children. Food consumption habits were also
evaluated through the Food Consumption Questionnaire of the Food and
Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN). Regarding children's eating habits,
according to nutritional status, no significant differences were found between
the eutrophic and overweight groups.


Female migration has increasingly caught attention from states, NGOs and the media. In particular there has been an attention to on the one hand, the risks women face when venturing into new lands, in particular risks in forms of human trafficking, and on the other hand the remittances female migrants send to their countries of origin.

Central to most of these studies and debates about female migrants is the idea that they are passive victims of criminal networks, poverty and their families' demands for conspicuous consumption. Such an approach tends to ignore the possibility of these women to make decisions and act in their own interests under various constraints. Taking the case of Thai women's migration to Europe this study attempts to show how Thai women exercise "agency", using two key areas of migration research: "risks" and "remittances".

Having agency as the point of departure is in line with much contemporary scholarly work on female migration that emphasizes agency. However, there seems to be unexplored challenges, limitations and pitfalls to this new celebration of agency. Hence my purpose with this thesis is twofold; To demonstrate the usefulness of approaching female migration from the perspective of agency and secondly to push and challenge the celebration of agency.

I argue that we have to be careful about using the concept of agency uncritically in the field of female migration, since it essentially celebrates individualism and furthermore is an elusive and empirically vague concept.

Rather, this study proposes ways to operationalize agency in the realm of female migration by using a control/victimhood model in which migratory experiences are understood as formed by successive steps which can be studied.


Castor oil maleate is used in healthcare products, synthetic lubricants, drying oils, water-soluble paints and as a monomer in several polymers. This compound is formed by direct reaction between castor oil and maleic anhydride, which can be accelerated using free radical catalysts. In this work, the influence of processing temperature and the concentration of di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) in the production of castor oil maleate was studied applying response surface methodology. The results showed that the use of the radical initiator increased the rate of reaction, leading to a shorter reaction time and higher productivity. The optimal operating condition was found at 120oC, 1 mol of maleic anhydride/mol of castor oil and 0.005 mol of DTBP/mol of castor oil, yielding 90.2% of castor oil maleate in 90 min.


ELIZABETH J. MENNINGA: Multiparty Mediation: A More Optimistic View (Under the direction of Stephen E. Gent.) Mediation is a popular conflict resolution tool used by the international community to limit the duration and damage of civil conflicts. Yet empirical studies of conflict resolution, peace agreements, and the techniques used to influence outcomes, treat all types of mediation efforts as equivalent. This thesis explores how multiparty mediation efforts differ from single-party efforts and how these differences affect the resolution of conflicts and the durability of peace settlements. Arguing that multiparty efforts should lead to a more stable peace than singleparty mediation, these differences are tested using logistic and Cox proportional hazard analyses on a sample of peace agreements resulting from civil conflicts. The results show that multiparty mediation decreases the likelihood of an agreement failing compared to single party mediation efforts in all models, but these results are not consistently statistically significant.


Few historians nowadays would fail to label the Spanish absolutist Bourbon King Ferdinand VII anything but "el rey felón". He is commonly perceived by historiography both home and abroad as being undeniably responsible for giving rise to major civil unrest in Spain from 1820 to 1823 as well as exercising cruel repression in the years ensuing, to say the least. Ferdinand VII's post-PeninsularWar tricks had begun when he swore loyalty to the liberal 1812 Constitution of Cádiz –anything for a throne. Soon after, he did not hesitate to encourage


Because of their low gravitational energies dwarf galaxies are greatly exposed to energetical influences by the interstellar medium, like e.g.\ stellar radiation, winds or explosions, or by their environment. While the metallicity depletion in dwarf galaxies can be explained in general by supernova-driven galactic winds, the reason for their low N/O ratios at low O abundance is not yet completely understood. Stellar yields enrich the different gas phases with elements that are characteristic for the stellar progenitors. Phase transitions are necessary for a mixing of elements, but depend sensitively on the thermal and dynamical state of the interstellar medium. Models of chemical evolution start usually with a high N/O ratio at low O abundance according to a metal enrichment by ancient stellar populations with common yields, but can only reproduce the N/O-O peculiarity by the application of multiple starbursts. Their galactic winds are invoked to reduce O selectively. Chemodynamical models of dwarf galaxies, however, demonstrate that strong evaporation of clouds by the hot supernova gas leads to an almost perfect mixing of the interstellar gas. These models can successfully account for the observed N/O-O values in a self-consistent way without the necessity of starbursts, if new stellar yields are taken into account which provide additional secondary N production from massive stars.


A vertical torque arm scooter comprises a frame, a rear fork, a handlebar, a foldable handlebar stem, a rear wheel, a wheel carrier, universal wheels and a brake. The frame consists of a beam, a front head tube and a pedal, the front end of the beam is connected with the front head tube, the rear end of the beam is connected with the rear fork, the pedal is further connected to the rear of the beam, the rear wheel is mounted on the rear fork, the wheel carrier is T-shaped, the wheel carrier is rotatably connected with the front head tube by a stand pipe at the front end of the wheel carrier, three universal wheels are respectively connected to two ends and the rear end of the wheel carrier, the foldable handlebar stem is connected with the upper end of the stand pipe of the wheel carrier, the handlebar is mounted on the foldable handlebar stem, the brake consists of a brake crank, a brake cable and a brake disc, the brake crank is mounted on the handlebar, the brake cable is connected with the brake crank, and the brake disc is rotatably connected onto the rear fork and connected with the brake cable.


For a positive odd integer d, we study the connectedness of the Julia set of the one-parameter family of rational maps given by with . Also, when we show that the geometric limit of the Julia set and filled Julia set of the family exists and is the unit circle.


The fusogenic character of tumor cells has been suspected, without direct visualization of such processes. Fusion is likely to create polyploid cells, instability, chromosome loss, and induce tumorigenicity. The aim of this study was to provide direct evidence for the fusion and trivision of hyperploid tumor cells and their viability. Cell fusion was captured by time-lapse microscopy in hypertriploid (> 3N) HeLa cell culture followed by trivisions and seen with relatively high frequency (1:24, 4%) relative to cell divisions. The diameters of round M phase HeLa, HaCaT and uveal melanoma cells and their cell volumes before trivision were significantly larger than the size of cells to be divided, while the average volumes of trivided cells were smaller than divided cells. The volume of trivided smaller cells was not uniform indicating an uneven distribution of cytoplasmic material. We provide cinemicrophotographic evidence that after fusion the hybrid HeLa cell undergoes trivision and generates one large and two smaller cells. In the next cell cycle the larger daughter cell divides in two cells, the two smaller daughter cells fuse and trivide. Fused hybrid tumor cells are viable and generate further trivisions and divisions conforming to the cell fusion hypothesis suggesting that fusion generates aneuploid small tumor cells that can lead to metastasis.