The Smart Grid is vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to its integration with a variety of information, communication, and control technologies. If undetected by deployed security systems, cyber-attacks could damage critical power system infrastructure and disrupt services to a very large number of energy customers. In particular, cyber attackers could hijack the smart grid by injecting malicious commands. To provide insight into these concerns, we propose an approach that develops a new tool for the real-time Cyber-Physical Security Assessment (CPSA) of malicious control commands that target physical smart grid components. The tool is able to detect and protect the system against known Trojans (such as BlackEnergy). It also efficiently and effectively monitors the health of the power system in real-time and detects the presence of malicious commands. The security analysis of our approach includes a look at three system-generated metrics: system susceptibility, access points, and threat capability. The performance analysis includes a look at the system overhead, scalability, accuracy, robustness, and execution and response times. Our proposed approach was tested on a 42-bus power system with 24 substations. The developed tool could be extended and used by power system operators to assess and mitigate the impact of cyber-attacks on the smart grid.


The National Institute for Undersea Science and Technology (NIUST) operates a hovering AUV, Mola Mola. This vehicle is a SeaBED class AUV initially designed at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution with hardware and software refinements performed in-house at the NIUST AUV Lab. The primary function of Mola Mola is to perform photo surveys at an altitude of 3 meters from the seafloor. Dives performed at depths less than 400 meters have been made with little positional drift using the vehicle's vertical thruster for descent propulsion. Deeper dives in the vicinity of 600 meters have suffered much greater navigational error due to descent time and positional drift due to currents. A descent weight mechanism was designed for the vehicle to reduce the time and energy expended during the the dive and transit to the survey area. An electromagnet was used to retain the weight so that it would be released in the case of a power failure. The system was field tested in April of 2012 during engineering trials in the Gulf of Mexico.


Objective: To research the correlation between hyperuricemia(HUA) and metabolic syndrome(MS).Methods: According to the medical examination results of 3100 people examed in health center of our hospital from January 1,2008 to August 31,2008,the relativity between the incidences of obesity,blood lipids,blood sugar,blood pressure or other indicators and hyperuricemia were analyzed statistically,and the relations between serum uric acid(SUA) and relevant indicators of MS were also analyzed.Results:(1) There was a higher incidence of obesity,high blood lipid,high blood glucose and high blood pressure in HUA group than in control group(P0.05).(2)There was a positive correlation between serum uric acid and HOMA-IR.(3) The prevalence rate in MS group(23.46%) was much higher than that in normal population(10.24%)(P0.001).Conclusion: HUA might be a great contributor to the progress of MS.


according to increase of vehicles and long length of tunnel load, ventilation of tunnel take a serious view. Purpose of tunnel ventilation is to secure driver's safety from contamination of CO, smoke etc.. by using ventilation Unit. In the meantime ,the contaminant discharge amount of vehicles reduce year by year because performance of a car improves. There is various way to do computation of jet fan. PIARC is way to produce ventilation amount in tunnel as that yield the discharge amount in number of model vehicles. It is true that when calculate number of jet fan of tunnel, PIARC depends on previous basis data in the vehicle's quantity of contamination. Therefore, This research apply to calculate number of jetfan by using statistics.


This paper is concerned with the problem of observer‐based ℋ∞ control for a class of uncertain neutral‐type systems subjected to external disturbance by utilizing sliding mode technique. A novel sliding mode control (SMC) strategy is proposed based on the state estimate and the output. A new sufficient condition of robust asymptotic stability with ℋ∞ disturbance attenuation level for the overall systems composed of the original system and error system in the sliding mode is derived in terms of a linear matrix inequality (LMI). Then, a new adaptive controller is designed to guarantee the reachability of the predefined sliding surface in finite‐time. Finally, numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Launching social terrorism" exposes one of the terrorist purposes viciously brooded in the world terrorist organizations. Authoritative determination of what the typical purposes maliciously conceives in terrorism, and of the construction and objective idiosyncrasy included in the purposes of the terrorism, is the critical premise on which the terrorist crime is determined and on which relevant rules in the criminal law are authoritatively employed


The Data Qualification Manual (DQM) has been developed to discuss the process required to qualify data generated for the Buried Waste Program (BWP). The data from the BWP tasks conducted at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC) and elsewhere will lead to remedial decisions being made which are governed by federal regulations administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Data qualification is the process of insuring that only data of planned and known qualities are used to make a decision or answer a question. Although it is the Data Integrity Review Committee's (DIRC) responsibility to insure that the quality of all BWP data is ultimately verified and validated, all personnel who participate in the data gathering process will affect the quality of the data and must be responsible for knowing what is required to produce data of the planned quality. Therefore this manual is addressed to all participants in a data-gathering task. This manual discusses requirements to support data qualification in several areas, including: the sampling and analysis plan; data quality objectives and PARCC goals; sample custody documentation; quality assurance; assembly of the data qualification package; and existing data. 23 refs., 4 figs., 6 tabs.


Ethnobotany of Corema album (Empetraceae) in Cadiz. Corema album is an endemic species from the west coastline of the Iberian Peninsula, from Camarinas (La Coruna) to Punta Camarinal (Cadiz). This plant has suffered an intense deterioration in the last few decades. This bush has been used in some religious ceremonies along its natural distribution, and its fruit has been eaten in some towns in Galicia and Portugal. The key objective in this study is analyze whether this fruit was used or not in Andalucia, since this fact is not know yet. By interviewing the inhabitants of Barbate (Cadiz) we have been found that the fruit of Corema album were eaten and sold in this village until the end of the fifties, when consecutive cleanings of the vegetation against bushes joined with a better economic situation caused the end of this activity.


The two new aircraft carriers due to be built by BAE Systems and Thales will have electrical propulsion with all power generated by gas turbines. The new aircraft carriers will thus join a new generation of electrically propelled Royal Navy warships, a generation which includes the Daring Class Type 45 anti-air warfare destroyers, which are the first warships in the world to incorporate fully integrated electric propulsion and power. It is thought likely that power will be generated by four of the new Roll-Royce MT-30 marine gas turbines. The decision to adopt electric propulsion for the future carriers accords with a general Royal Navy marine engineering policy whose aim is to build all-gas turbine ships with electrical propulsion, auxiliary and weapon systems.


Eratosthenes. The technique of crossing out all multiples of 2 that are greater than 2, multiples of 3 greater than 3, and so on, results in crossing out certain numbers repeatedly. For instance, 30 is eliminated as a multiple of 2, 3, and 5. I am not aware of any simple bookkeeping device in conjunction with the sieve which enables one to keep track of such prime divisors, much less of all divisors, of composite numbers. There is, however, a particular graph, attributed to Leibniz, that will effectively accomplish this and that can be constructed easily by the students at this level. The particular applications of the graph were developed as a teaching unit after some mention of the graph was made by both Paul C. Rosenbloom and Jeremy Kilpatrick in courses at Teachers College, Columbia University. The construction of the graph involves the use of the first quadrant of the coordinate plane. On a sheet of graph paper draw a horizontal line near the bottom


Abstract : A distributed, high resolution, robust and affordable concept for an Autonomous Oceanographic Sampling Network (AOSN) of undersea vehicles has been formulated to support vigorous hypothesis testing for resolving temporal and spatial gradients from distributed time series data over long periods of time. To support the development of an AOSN, the Ocean SAmpling MObile Network (SAMON) System is being developed as a hierarchically distributed command and control concept for a multi-vehicle semiautonomous oceanographic and environmental data collection system. This effort involves the implementation of a simulation test bed facility for the analysis and design of AOSN systems in a virtual ocean environment. The goals include design of AOSN missions using distributed components from various research institutions and the development of a distributed library of vehicle behaviors. The scope of the simulation missions could include, oceanographic data gathering, mine counter measures and will be supported by a Geographical Integration System (GIS) and oceanographic prediction systems. Mission coordination and collaboration will be accomplished by drawing upon legacy software for internet-based distributed computing.


The performance, including efficiency, harmonics and dead-time effect of the three major digital sinusoidal pulse width modulations (DSPWMs) presented in Part 1 are investigated in this study using a 2 kVA single-phase full-bridge inverter. Each DSPWM is implemented using a low-cost 8-bit micro-controller and the effect of different switching frequencies on the inverter performance is analysed and the inverter switching, conduction and transformer losses investigated. The experimental results confirm the validity of the mathematical and simulation analysis presented in Part 1. The work shows that the type of DSPWM used for a single-phase full-bridge inverter and the switching frequency selected can have a significant effect on the inverter performance and that switch and transformer losses make up the majority of the inverter losses.


The author studies the method of understanding of education. He explores the theoretical paradigm of education in history, psychology, pedagogy, philosophy. Hermeneutics of education is a dialectic process of personality formation as «the appropriate» subject. The paper examines the state and society's impact on education. The author believes that education is the way of the future society, the image of the future system of relationships between people, the image of the future culture. The article examines education as an element of social relations, as a social institution, as a means of mastering the culture, as a source of intellectual abilities of the individual.


Non-inverting or inverting (figure 7) tri-state buffers incorporate protection against negative biasing of the base-emitter junction of the bipolar output pull-up transistor 34. PMOS device 33 isolates the base of the bipolar device 34 from the data input 61 when the Enable input 62 is low, and NMOS device 35 shunts its base-emitter junction. The output pull-down NMOS transistor 72 is disabled by the gate-hunting transistor 69 when the Enable input 62 is low.


Before discussing the planning, installation, and control of an information system for Army Materiel Command, a few words of introduction concerning the AMC mission and organization appear to be in order. The Army Materiel Command came into being in August 1962 with the implementation of the Army reorganization plan. This plan discontinued the Technical Service organizations which you may remember as Ordnance, Quartermaster, Signal, and so on. These Technical Services were responsible for the conceptual development of their assigned material items, the research and development leading to production and procurement of such new items, and the supply and maintenance of these items. In addition, in their particular technical skills they trained troops and performed the related personnel management functions. The CONARC, which as part of its mission conducted the training for the Combat Army, was assigned the total Army training mission. A new Department of the Army Staff Agency of Office of Personnel Operatio...


[eng] This article underscores the limited financial power of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) and their growth potential, as well as their objectives and governance principles, With the Santiago Principles as a backdrop, It evokes efforts aimed at drafting a common charter of principles for investors and recipient countries. Then, it examines the funds' strategic asset allocations, while emphasising their diversity. Lastly, it considers how the funds' missteps amid the crisis will likely encourage them to improve their strategies. . JEL Classification : F30, G29


The amount of biometric data (fingerprints, facial images, or voice samples) that private companies collect for various purposes is growing exponentially. Social media, such as Facebook, also hold certain types of personal data (e.g. photographs, audio-videos files) that can be reprocessed for biometric recognition purposes. These data are very valuable to law enforcement authorities as they can allow the identification of the individuals to whom they relate. This dissertation investigates whether the new EU data protection framework, composed of the GDPR and the 'police' Directive, provides sufficient safeguards to individuals whose biometric data collected by private parties are accessed by law enforcement authorities for further use. While searching for the answer, the study has uncovered important findings. Focusing on the core notion of 'biometric data', the research has revealed not only gaps between legal and technical definitions but also uncertainty concerning the type of data that qualify as such and fall within the scope of sensitive data. Analysing the rules applicable to data processing across instruments, the research has raised doubt on the role played by the principle of purpose limitation and on the formulation of the right to information in the 'police' Directive. Finally, in an attempt to provide recommendations, the research has relied on the tools of Data Protection by Design (by Default) and Data Protection Impact Assessment to help mitigate the risks to individuals' right to data protection.


Objective To investigate the effect of antisense oligonucleotide of type Ⅰ procollagen on hypertrophic scar and to explore a new gene therapy to hypertrophic scar. Methods The scar models were established in 120 nude mice by a microinjection of ASONs1 and ASONs2. All the mice were divided into blank control group (6 mice), RPMI1640 group (6 mice), ASONs1 treatment group (54 mice) and ASONs2 treatment group (54 mice). The latter 2 groups were subdivided into 25, 50 and 100 μg/μl groups which were further assigned into 3 groups, i.e., 7, 10 and 14 days after treatment. The phosphorothioate ASONs1 and ASONs2 for type Ⅰ collagen used in this study were complementary to type Ⅰ collagen mRNA at the translationregion (21 bp) and at the region between exonI and introx (22 bp). We observed the effect of antisense oligonucleotide at 7,10 and 14 days after gene transfer. Results Both ASONs1 and ASONs2 could inhibit type Ⅰ collagen of hypertrophic scar. The scar volume was significantly reduced in treatment groups. Under the light microphone and electron microscope, the structure of scar became loose, collagenous fibre diminished, while the mitochondrion and rough endoplasmic reticulum in fibroblast reduced. There were no remarkable changes in control group and blank group. Conclusions The results suggest that antisense ASONs1 and ASONs2 can inhibit type Ⅰ collagen expression and hence suppress hypertrophic scar.


This paper provides a joint analysis of multiple fuel types and use choices and explores the socio-demographic and housing characteristics that affect household fuel use decisions. Using household survey data from urban Ethiopia, this paper estimates a mixed multiple discretecontinuous extreme value (MMDCEV) model. The results indicate that households with a female head are more likely to combine traditional biomass fuels (firewood and charcoal) and electricity for different uses, while households with less-educated heads, larger families, and poorer living conditions (fewer rooms) tend to rely on traditional biomass fuels. The results also show that households with an individual electricity meter are significantly less likely to use charcoal. Further, the results show that the satiation effect from increased use of a fuel is relatively higher for firewood and lower for electricity. The findings in this paper can be useful to inform energy policy, including more effective targeting of subsidies for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) purchases and private electricity meter installations, and for interventions that promote adoption of improved biomass cookstoves.


Abstract A simple capillary zone electrophoresis was developed for the chiral separation of reduced haloperidol, a chiral metabolite of antipsychotic drug, haloperidol. Reduced haloperidol was separated in a phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) using heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector. Several parameters such as type of cyclodextrin, pH and concentration of buffer, applied voltage, concentration of chiral selector and detection wavelength that affected the chiral separation and detection of reduced haloperidol were discussed.


strated how the workplace bureaucratic regimes and cultures, particularly for unskilled assembly, meshed with his detailed analysis of family life and the ideology behind flexible familism. In his more general discussions of class analysis, readers might also wish that Kalb had provided a clearer indication of how his approach can be used to analyze workers' counterhegemonic practices in work and everyday life. Those looking for a programmatic strategy or positivist recipes for class analysis should be forewarned that this is not what Kalb is offering. Instead, he artfully demonstrates that the best class analysis requires the hard labor of detailed historical, comparative, and cultural analysis. Moreover, his analyses deftly illuminate the ways in which class analysis is necessarily dependent on and linked to the study of other regimes of domination without tendentious debates over causal primacy. Everyone interested in class analysis should read this volume as an exemplary defense of historical materialism, one that is at once cognizant of its roots but that charts a new course for future work.


We demonstrated a single-mode 8-core fiber with the optimum zero-dispersion wavelength for a high-speed GbE system using 175-µm cladding and 250-µm coating diameters. The fabricated 8-core fiber is potentially applicable to 40-km bi-directional 1.6TbE transmission on one fiber.


This study compared the effects of the use of various types of packaging films in maintaining quality, preserving bioactive compounds and extending shelf life of the 'Nam Dok Mai' mango. The principal techniques for maintaining the quality of mangoes are based on modified atmosphere packaging using highly gas‐permeable films and an ethylene‐removing mechanism. The films studied were non‐perforated highly gas‐permeable film, non‐perforated ethylene‐absorbing highly gas‐permeable film (HNPE), micro‐perforated highly gas‐permeable films (HMP) and common non‐perforated polyethylene film (LNP). These films were compared with non‐packaging treatment, which served as a control (C). Gas composition (O2, CO2 and C2H4) in the package headspace was monitored during storage at 12°C. The quality of mangoes were assessed by weight loss, colour (L* a* b*), texture, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolics, total flavonoids, ethanol concentration and sensory quality. Equilibrium‐modified atmospheres of 5 kPaO2 + 5 kPaCO2 and 4 kPaO2 + 5 kPaCO2 were achieved in the non‐perforated highly gas‐permeable film and HNPE packs, respectively. Carbon dioxide accumulation was observed in the HMP and LNP packs where CO2 reached 17 and 10 kPa, respectively, after storage for 10 days. The shelf life of mangoes was extended to 40 days with HNPE, 35 days with HNP, and 30 days with HMP, as compared with 20 days with control and 5 days with LNP. HNPE, the film incorporated with fine particles of mordenite framework inverted‐type zeolite with ethylene‐absorbing ability, could further extend the shelf life of mangoes in addition to modified atmosphere packaging alone. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


OBJECTIVES: To examine in men and women the independent associations between anxiety and depression and 1‐year incident cognitive impairment and to examine the association of cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) and incident cognitive impairment with 1‐year incident anxiety or depression.


A continuous tube reator was used for synthesis of butylamine by amination of chlorobutane with aqueous ammonia, and optimum conditions were obtained. The reaction conversion, yield, and purity of butylamine were above 98%, 93% and 99%, respectively.


THE AUTHORS WERE faced with the problem of estimating the size of reserve which would have been necessary for absorbing losses on mediumand high-grade corporate bonds during the first half of this century. Upon searching the literature to see what help could be gained from past authorities, we found that there is a gap between the doctrines by theorists as to the kind of experience expectable and the best published statistics of realized yields and loss rates.' We are passing along the results of a small effort to plug this gap in the hope that it will help others who are similarly faced with the necessity of using the record of the past performance of corporate bonds in connection with problems of evaluation of probable future performance. Theorists in the field of investments seem generally to offer support for the idea that some reserve is desirable. This is found in such doctrines that, in contrast with common stocks, where either gain or loss may be expected, the nature of the contract in unconvertible corporate bonds severely limits the possibilities of gain but leaves quite open the possibilities of loss up to 100 per cent. Again, there is the doctrine that bond investment is a "negative art," requiring principally the gauging of the chances for loss and the estimating of what premium in yield is appropriate for acceptance of those chances. Many writers have regarded the difference between the prospective yield from market price on a bond and the yield prevailing at the same time on riskless securities of similar term as consisting mainly


Although written from the point of view of a specific problem, education, the authors look for relations between their focal concern and the broader national fabric. Analysis of educational problems in a developing nation provides an exceptionally useful vantage point for giving insights into conditions (e.g., topography) and institutions that have implications for development. For education, which is a tool for reaching envisioned national goals, also is a sensitive measure of progress toward their attainment. As the title suggests, the theme of the book is the struggle between traditional and newly acquired attitudes. Perceptive and honest, the authors do not raise undue optimism about the outcome. Using personal anecdote to set the stage for more general analysis, they discuss chapter by chapter major educational problems encountered during the senior author's Fulbright year as Lecturer in Education. A final chapter shows how many of the conditions and institutions they have discussed previously bear upon a single selected problem: the provision of enough competent educators. Their treatment serves to summarize the gap, as they see it, between the officially hoped for Nepal and the present reality. A strength of the book is its sensitivity to the multifaceted nature and interconnectedness of development problems, its competent summaries of historical backgrounds, and an explicit presentation of the model used to guide the enquiry, generate insights and support conclusions (pp. 153-54). The utility of the model, which makes an analytical separation between "beliefs" and "habits acquired JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES


Many Chinese women hope to open their own stores.For them,the thought of managing a store,which specializes in something they like,is a wonderful dream.But what exactly is that"something?"How do budding women entrepreneurs develop their ideas and define the themes conveyed through their stores? Women of China recently interviewed two Chinese women,both of whom own interestingly theme stores in old Beijing alleys.While reading about their experiences,you will no doubt be surprised to learn that inspiration is sometimes derived from a most ordinary aspect of life.


Key Points Effector polyfunctional index score of CD4 cells was more associated with responses to combined azacitidine/nivolumab than CD8 cells. Single-cell biomarker assays can be used in predicting responses to immune-based therapies.


ABSTRACT Education plays an important role in developing positive conservation behavior in future generations. We promote the use of subtle anthropomorphism within a children's storybook as an effective method of increasing ecological knowledge of a target primate species. We delivered an education programme to 170 children in Indonesia from wherein we tested ecological knowledge across gender toward the species before and after exposure to a mildly anthropomorphized storybook. Following the programme, participants of both genders significantly increased their use of accurate ecology terms (Z = −3.01, p = 0.003). Anthropomorphic terms are markedly altered from human adjectives in females and verbs in males toward accurate ecological terms. If used correctly and in correspondence with accurate ecological representations of a species, subtle anthropomorphism can aid in increasing empathy and knowledge in education programmes.


April 6-9, Brisbane. Queensland: Australian Pain Society's 15th Annual Scientific Meeting. Convenor: Dr Graham Rice. Information: Dianna Crebbin Conferences, PO Box 629, WilJoughby, NSW. 2068. Tel: (02) 417 8525. Fax: (02) 4178513. April 20-22, Canberra, ACT: 5th Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Quality Assurance in Healthcare (AAQA). Venue: Lakeside Hotel, Canberra. Information: Quality Links, 112 Langdon Avenue, Wanniassa, ACT 2903. Tel: 06 201 611l. April 30-May 5, Launceston, Tasmania: Annual Scientific Meeting of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists. Venue: Launceston Country Club Casino. Information: 1\ls Dee Cavanagh, Jetset Travel, PO Box 206. Launceston, Tas. 7250. October 8-12, Nadi, Fiji: Combined AGM and Scientific Programme of the Australian Society of Anaesthetists, New Zealand Society of Anaesthetists and Pacific Society of Anaesthetists. Venue: Sheraton Hotel, Nadi. Information: Secretariat, ASA. 1'.0. Box 600, Edgediff, N.s.W. 2027. Tel: 61 2 327 4022. Fa\: 61 2 327 7666. October 20-23, Sydney, NSW: ANZICS-Australian and Ne" Zealand Intensive Care Society-Annual Scientific Meeting. Venue: Darling Harbour. Sydney. Information: Convenor, Dr R. Herkes, l.C.U., Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, N.s.W. 2050. TeI: 02 516 7668. Fa\: 02 516 6133. November 6-11, Melbourne, Victoria: 11th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine. Themes: Paediatric Emergency Medicine and Critical Care in Emergency Medicine. Address for Abstracts (closing date 29 July 1994) and information: Conference Committee, 11th ASM, Australasian College for Emergency Medicine, 532 Park Road, Park Orchards, VIC 3114, Australia.


In the context of the just-ended COVID-19 global pandemic, it is evident that nations continue battling to make progress towards the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals Agenda while ensuring no one is left behind. Renowned journals have captured the adverse impacts of the pandemic on the social, health, education, and economic systems across nations, including Zimbabwe, highlighting the need for more efficient and effective management practices. Notwithstanding, there remains little or no evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on the implementation of widely adopted approaches such as results-based management (RBM). This is despite RBM having been adopted by a majority of governments and non-governmental organizations, including the United Nations, and implemented as a performance management tool towards attaining the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. RBM is a strategic approach that focuses on achieving specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound results to enhance the effectiveness and accountability of organisations. This review explores the implementation of RBM in the not-for-profit sector in Zimbabwe during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines the challenges faced by the sector, the opportunities presented by RBM, and the strategies and best practises for successful implementation post-pandemic. The study synthesises and critically analyses relevant literature, providing insights into RBM's potential to improve the performance and impact of not-for-profit organisations in Zimbabwe.

Received: 7 September 2023 / Accepted: 26 October 2023 / Published: 5 November 2023


Color development in outdoor applications has been widely used as an indication of breakdown in plastic materials although this does not always indicate a change in physical properties. Appearance factors are easily and precisely evaluated by measuring color and surface changes. Measurement of physical property changes is more comples and more meaningful. An optimum test method should measure a property with time, environment and sample form. Ideally, the data should determine service life. The test specimen should be adaptable to a variety of samples. Of the many physical tests of weatherability, impact strength appears most interesting. An inexpensive Variable Impact Tester was Modified and Developed for Measuring the effect of aging on rigid PVC. Data are presented showing the relation between impact values and temperature, sample thickness, process conditions and various environmental exposures.


5.1 OVERVIEW Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are event-based systems that exploit the collective effort of densely deployed micro sensor nodes which continuously observe certain physical phenomenon [78]. In general, the main objective of any WSN applicaticm is to reliably detect/estimate event features from the collective information provided by sensor nodes. Nevertheless, the main challenge for achieving this objective is mainly posed by the severe energy and processing constraints of low-end wireless sensor nodes. The collaborative sensing notion of the WSN achieved by the networked deployment of sensor nodes help to overcome the characteristic challenge of WSN, mainly the resource constraints. To this end, there has been significant amount of research effort that aims to develop networking iMXrtocols in order to achieve communication with maximum energy efficiency using efficient cross layer design. In addition to the collaborative sensing and networking in WSN, spatial-temporal correlation is another significant characteristic of sensor networks. Dense deployment of sensor nodes makes the sensor observations highly correlated in the space domain with the degree of correlation increasing with inter node proximity. Similarly, some of the WSN applicaticHis such as event tracking require sensor nodes to periodically sample and communicate the sensed event features, which yield temporal correlation between each consecutive observation of a sensor node [79]. The vast majority of the existing solutions are based on classical layered protocols approach. It is much more resource-efficient to have a unified scheme which melts common protocol layer


The article examines the problem of measuring and implementing key performance indicators of production units using a specific example of a machine-building enterprise. The analysis is carried out and the reasons that prevent the use of these indicators in management are revealed. The authors propose a method that allows you to change both the motivation of personnel, whose activities are regulated by these indicators, and the direction of information flows for targeted receipt of the necessary management information.


Biotechnology provided new dimensions to herbicide technology. Transgene technology has generated herbicide-resistant crops (HRCs) that have profound impact on the herbicide market. This same technology has the significant potential to make crops better competitors with weeds through improving competitive traits or making the crop more allelopathic. Living biocontrol agents can sometimes be applied to weeds, much like a herbicide. In the bioherbicide approach, microbial plant pathogens are applied to target weeds. Fungi, bacteria and viruses offer great promise as bioherbicides. Formulations of Phytophthora palmivora (De Vine) as a selective mycoherbicide for the control of milkweed ( Morrenia odorata ) in citrus, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Collego) for the control of Northern joint vetch in rice and soybean, are now widely used in developed countries. Extensive research has demonstrated that several allelochemicals possess good herbicidal activity. Thus, A crop that is genetically engineered to be resistant to yet another selective herbicide must fulfil a weed management need that is unmet, such as those niches that were filled by bromoxynil-resistant crops.


Depression and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are common among older adults. Most of the existing studies were carried out in developed countries, and evidence from developing countries are lacking. In the present study, using a national sample, we aimed to describe the prevalence of MCI and its associated factors among Chinese older adults with depression.


Potato peelings from French fry production are a potential source of dietary fiber, but the presence of naturally occurring glycoalkaloids could limit their use as a food additive. Potato peels were twin-screw extruded at 110 or 150 o C and 30 or 35% feed moisture to potentially reduce levels of glycoalkaloids. Individual glycoalkaloids were measured by HPLC. Neither α-chaconine nor α-solanine decreased on a dry weight basis from nonextruded peels (3.9 and 8.0 mg/10g, respectively). Extrusion did not change α-chaconine/α-solanine ratios. Only 3-5% of total glycoalkaloids were solubilized during in vitro digestion


Occurrences of pulsed instabilities in rocket combustion chambers have long posed irritating practical and puzzling theoretical questions. The term "triggering" was applied to the phenomenon in the 1960s to describe observations and computations of the unstable steep-fronted waves generated by sufficiently large pulses injected in linearly stable gas and liquid rockets. All such instabilities are classified as subcritical bifurcations in the theory of dynamical systems. Understanding the physical reasons for the existence of subcritical bifurcations in combustion chambers, and therefore the conditions under which they will occur, has been the subject of many investigations in the last three decades. It has long been recognized that the most likely causes of pulsed instabilities must be associated either with nonlinear gasdynamics or with nonlinear combustion processes. With numerical analysis of longitudinal oscillations, Baum and Levine have convincingly shown that nonlinear combustion is required. By suitable adjustment of parameters in a simple representation of the response of a burning solid, they have shown quite good agreement between computations and many experimental results. The results reported in this article are consistent with those of Baum and Levine, establishing the existence of pulsed instabilities when both nonlinear gasdynamics and nonlinear combustion processes are accounted for.


A novel type of electrically-alterable memory which uses the phenomenon of enhanced electron injection into SiO2from Si-rich SiO2to charge or discharge a floating polycrystalline Si storage layer in a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor is described. This non-volatile memory differs from others using floating polycrystalline Si in the charging or discharging process. This improvement is accomplished by using a chemically-vapor-deposited stack of Si-rich-SiO2-SiO2-Si-rich-SiO2between the floating polycrystalline Si layer and the control gate electrode. This device is capable of being written or erased in 5 msec at voltages of ≤ 16 V and in 2 µsec at voltages ≤ 23 V with excellent charge retention.


Abstract A 400-m-long system of ice caverns forms the subsurface extension of one of the many fumarolic ice towers on the summit plateau of Mt Erebus. The cave system consists of a series of branching loops of passages that average 4 m high and wide and terminates in an ice cavern about 25 m high and wide with a floor about 60 m below the surface. Air temperatures within the cave varied from just below freezing to + 1.4°c. Zones of increased heat flow are considered to control the origin and the geometry of the cave system; the highest ground temperature measured at 15 cm depth was 16.8°c.


The present invention relates to a cross-linked thermoplastic elastomer composition (thermoplastic vulcanizate composition). More specifically, the ethylene-diene rubber, paraffin oil, the elongational viscosity 1.0 × 10 The thermoplastic crosslinked elastomer composition of the present invention to a specific gravity of lower eumyeonseodo excellent mechanical properties, as well as to foam it to a high magnification, there is a small destruction of the advantages of foam cells (cell). Thus, it is possible to manufacture a more light-weight molded articles while the superior mechanical properties, weather strip for automobiles (weather strip), is expected to be applied to various fields such as the window gasket material (window gasket) of the structure.


Background. Chemical acaricides with different modes of action are an effective alternative for the management of T. urticae and to prevent the selection of resistant population. Objective. To evaluate the effect of chemical acaricides of different toxicological groups on the mortality of T. urticae. Methodology. To evaluate the acute toxicity, mites were exposed to leaf discs of eggplants that had been immersed in the acaricides. The mortality was recorded at 4 h period for a total of 48 h. To evaluate the residual effect, the acaricides were applied to eggplant plants, leaf discs were obtained at different periods (1 - 32 days after acaricide application) and T. urticae adults and nymphs were exposed to the leaf discs. Results. Abamectin, spirodiclofen and fenpyroximate had the fastest effects in adults and nymphs (4 h after application). Abamectin, spirodiclofen and fenpyroximate had long-term effects, for up to two weeks. Spirodiclofen, fenpyroximate and acequinocyl had also ovicidal effect. Implication. Chemical acaricides with different mode of action represent a viable option for the management of T. urticae and the prevention of the selection of resistant populations. Conclusión. Abamectin, spirodiclofen, and fenpyroximate are highly toxic against adults and immature T. urticae.


Variation in household survey design and implementation is used to obtain evidence of nonrandom measurement error in recall surveys of household expenditure. These surveys, which are used especially in developing countries, appear to have measurement errors in food expenditures and in food budget shares that are correlated with household size. These correlated errors may be part of the explanation for a puzzling pattern of falling food demand with rising household size in poorer countries.


A β‐d‐galactoside binding lectin (TPL) was newly purified from the body walls of the cuttlefish, Todarodes pacificus with lactosyl‐agarose affinity column chromatography and reversed‐phase HPLC. Many of the biological properties of the lectin were similar to those of the representative animal β‐d‐galactoside binding lectin, "galectin". However, with a molecular mass of 63 kDa under reducing and non‐reducing conditions on SDS‐PAGE, TPL is larger than any previously reported galectins. The native molecular mass of TPL was estimated to be about 60 kDa by gel filtration, suggesting that it exists as a monomer and that a single polypeptide containing at least two sugar binding sites. The antisera raised against TPL did not crossreact with bull frog egg galectin‐1, suggesting that TPL is immunologically distinct from the lower vertebrate galectin.


For increasing the solution speed of the radiation problem using the multilevel fast multipole algorithm,a novel pre-corrected method is presented.It generates a small impedance matrix in the local region near the feed point and evaluates the local surface current,which could approximately describe the characteristic near the excited point.The difference between the unknown and the local current approaches the zero vector more than the unknown current itself.So it needs fewer iterations by using the difference as the unknown vector to get the solution.With consistent precision,the analysis of the numerical results shows that this method could decrease the number of iterations and reduce the time of solution by 40%~50%.


The following research seeks to analyze the relationship of organizational factors with the potential occurrence of mobbing in family-type organizations. The first part focuses on the theoretical contextualization of mobbing and labor sectors where it occurs. Then the culture is described as a construction of the organization and some factors within the culture as possible mobbing generators. Similarly, an approach to the Colombian legal framework regarding the prevention and correction of workplace bullying is done. Finally the results and discussion of the research carried out by conducting surveys and interviews show
workers three family-type organizations (SMEs) in the city of Cali, on the relationship between cultural factors and the onset of mobbing. It is concluded that there is no relationship between the type of organization, its culture and the emergence of possible cases of mobbing in the three companies. They can identify a set of interactions that are theoretically not the existence of hostile behaviors, but that could generate long-term other relationships.


Providing a physical information acquisition method for acquiring physical information based on the change information for the intended purpose, which is in the change information for the physical quantity by using a predetermined detection condition for detecting physical quantity distribution portion is acquired. The section for detecting physical quantity distribution includes means for detecting a change corresponding to a change of the incident on the detector produces a detector of the physical quantity information, and means for outputting change information based on a signal detected in a predetermined sequence a detector arrangement the cell assembly. In the physical information acquisition method, the carrier signal is detected based on the detected change signal information is converted into frequency-related. Using the signal related to the frequency of obtaining physical information for a predetermined purpose.


The utility model discloses a handheld intelligent terminal based on Beidou satellite communication. The handheld intelligent terminal based on Beidou satellite communication comprises a power supply module, a display touch screen, a processor, a mobile communication module, and a second-generation Beidou/GPS (global positioning system) dual-mode positioning module, wherein the processor is used for extracting and compiling the received information and the transmitted information; the mobile communication module is connected with the processor, and used for transmitting the information extracted and compiled by the processor to an external base station, and receiving the communication signal of the external base station; and the second-generation Beidou/GPS dual-mode positioning module is used for transmitting a user positioning request processed by the processor to a Beidou system and/or a GPS (global positioning system) system, and receiving a Beidou positioning signal and/or a GPS satellite positioning signal. The device has the functions of dual-mode positioning and navigation, as well as is flexible and accurate in positioning mode; and moreover, the device further comprises a first-generation Beidou communication module, so that a user can transmit short message information in case of no coverage of a mobile phone network.


District heating is a very lucrative business in Europe with many extensive networks already in place, especially in Scandinavia and Russia. Refuse power represents an energy alternative which is readily available and which, in conjunction with electrical power generation and district heating networks, can address the twofold problem of waste disposal and energy supply within the framework of community control. One installation, the Flingern Refuse Power Plant in Duesseldorf, West Germany, is singled out for an in-depth treatment because of its unique long-term operating history.


In situ field experiment combined with venting method was conducted to study the ammonia volatilization from the biogas slurry(BS) and chemical fertilizer applied paddy field and their difference.The field experiment designed four treatments with three replications according to applied nitrogen(N) quantities,i.e.,270 N kg/hm2(I-F) from urea,and 270(I-B),540 and 1 080 N kg/hm2 from BS.The amount of BS or fertilizer for each treatment was finished for application in three times with ten days intervals.The results showed that the peak ammonia volatilization rate at CF and each BS applied treatment plot appeared on the first or second day and the first after N application,respectively.The temporal dynamic of ammonia volatilization rate was mainly dominated by the ammonia concentration in the flood water.The period within seven days after N application and the early stage of tillering(i.e.,the second time for nitrogen application) was the critical time to control ammonia volatilization in paddy field for each N application process and whole rice growth period,respectively.Ammonia volatilization rate and accumulative amount were both increased with the applied N quantity.The average ammonia volatilization rate was(1.48±2.08) kg/(hm2·d),accumulative amount was(51.00±4.46) kg/hm2 and resulting nitrogen loss rate was(14.90±1.65)% at the I-B treatment plot was 5.1,3.0 and 6.4 folds of that at 1-F treatment plot,respectively.The risks on the N supply deficiency for rice growth and the environmental pollution resulting from the increased ammonia volatilization,therefore,should be held the attention to replace the urea with the BS as the N source for rice cultivation.


This study aims to study on the ways to advertise Hanbang local festivals in Korea in a friendly way and to make it more competitive through character marketing. Being a symbolic image to let Hanbang known widely, Hanbang festival characters need to be made in a way that can deliver the powerful message of Hanbang local festivals and the excitement of festivals. As for the methods and the scope of the study, an theoretical study was conducted based on literature review, Internet searches, field surveys, and the interviews with experts; and then an effect of character marketing on Hanbang local festivals was described based on the features and the classification of characters, and the situation and the concept of Hanbang local festivals. And then, the outline of events, the features of the characters by festival, and the marketing cases were analyzed to draw the implications, targeting 4 major Hannnbang local festivals in Korea. Based on the findings, future character marketing strategies were suggested, after classifying them into 4 steps-planning, designing, promotion, and licensing. In this study, the futures plans were suggested based on Hanbang local festivals, limiting the utilization of character marketing to Hanbang local festivals. Character marketing is a high value industry which facilitates a variety of industries in conjunction with marketing characters. Recognizing the value of character marketing and utilizing the value through various media will create infinite value, enabling the global marketing. Thus, the character marketing needs to be actively utilized in various international events including EXPO. The character marketing will play a leading role in the festivals; and the Hanbang festivals equipped with global competitiveness based on character marketing is expected to lead the culture industries in the 21st century.


Men's muscle enthusiast magazines play a role in conveying nutrition information through articles and advertisements to those who focus on bodybuilding and competitive weightlifting. Often, readers are presented with conflicting health information, making it difficult to distinguish between reliable and inaccurate content. Advertisements for dietary supplements including pills, nutrition bars and drinks were analyzed in 32 issues of popular muscle enthusiast magazines. Prevalence and specific marketing characteristics of advertisements were assessed. Of the 3,311 supplement ads identified, the type of product was most often not identifiable (n = 1,556). The majority of ads (79%, n = 2621) did not indicate primary ingredient. Almost 80 percent (n = 2,630) included health claims. Of these ads, only 70 percent included a notation that their statement was not evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Further research is needed to assess how much these marketing strategies influence consumers' development of unrealistic fitness goals and dietary supplement purchases.


Objectives: Perhaps the greatest value of PSA determination in the treatment of prostate cancer is in determining persistent disease after a radical prostatectomy. We investigated the ability of an ultrasensitive PSA assay to detect residual prostate cancer in men at risk for recurrence after a radical prostatectomy.


Background: Gefitinib has shown evidence of antitumor activity in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Case Report: A female Asian nonsmoker with adenocarcinoma was given gefitinib as first-line treatment with significant efficacy. However, after approximately 1.5 years, progression occurred. She then received chemotherapy (pemetrexed/carboplatin) until progression, followed by treatment with gefitinib to which the patient responded a second time. After progression, treatment with chemotherapy (docetaxel/cisplatin) was instituted and again followed by gefitinib. A recent positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan showed complete remission under gefitinib. Conclusions: This case report indicates that resistance to gefitinib in NSCLC can be reversed after chemotherapy. Thus, re-exposure to gefitinib may be justified in selected cases.


The basic challenges of non equilibrium transport are recalled, in connection to the problem of determining the current noise in a mesoscopic conductor. In some specific cases, a wave packet approach can be used to compute the noise, provided that one understands the scattering properties of the sample. In a normal superconducting junction, this assumes a knowledge of the Andreev reflection matrix. In a fractional quantum Hall liquid, the many-body scattering properties cannot be dissociated from the electron filling factors to determine the noise.


The present article analyzes international organized crime as an international security problem. Its main purpose is to comprehend the rationale and the consequences of the interaction between political authority and organized crime, analyzing the implications of organized crime for sovereignty as well as domestic and international measures to control such organizations. The central argument is that the capacities developed by criminal organizations are functional to their main goal of illicit enrichment, and their development is not an alien or pathological feature, but a constituent part of the social structure. Since organized crime has negative implications regarding the public sector's ability to provide security and welfare to society, governmental control measures such as policing, intelligence and lawmaking are discussed. At the international level, there is ongoing multilateral and bilateral cooperation on the subject, but this agenda does not create an environment of unrestricted cooperation due to divergent internal interests and conceptions, as well as asymmetry in the distribution of costs and benefits of collective action.


The utility model is a fixed structure innovation with a grip. The innovation more particularly lies in that two bearing ribs which face each other are fixed at least one side of the inner tube of the grip which goes upwards in the axial way. They compose at least a protuberance on the external side of the bearing rib in the radial direction. A shell ring is also provided on the rib. A notch is put through to every shaft facing the two parts at the internal side of the ring. At least a recess is made at the bottom side of the notch so that the ring works as a nesting between the notch and the bearing rib within the inner tube, and the positioning is accessible via the recess at the top of the notch and the protuberant elastic buckle of the bearing rib.


^fo^rac^—Deepwater trapping in the Mariana Archipelago, western North Pacific Ocean, included incidental catches of a spider crab and a homoloid crab with novel characteristics. Bothromaia griffini, new genus and species, family Majidae, subfamily Inachinae, represented by a male and female, seems most closely related to the genus Pleistacantha Miers, containing several species distributed in Indo-Pacific waters. The new species resembles members of this genus with respect to presence of pseudorostral horns, and shape of eyestalks, basal antennal article, epistome, third maxilliped, male stemites and pleopod 1, but differs from them in shape of pseudorostral horns, carapace, male pleopod, and in proportions of the ambulatory legs. Descriptions, illustrations, and comparative discussion are presented. Notes on the homoloid crab, Poupinia hirsuta Guinot, include locality data, measurements, remarks on distribution, and discussion of features distinguishing the families of Homoloidea, including a key for their identification.


The comparisons of online education between China and America in terms of enrollment,offering institutions,levels of education,and discipline structure,indicate that online education has been an important part of higher education both in China and America,and there are similarities in the discipline structures.However,several differences have been identified with respect to online education development between China and America,including: a great number of residential students taking online courses in America,a higher percentage of institutions offering online programs in America,greater enrollment per institution in average in China,the significant development of graduate programs in America.These differences are caused by different policies,philosophies and organizing structures of online education between China and America.


Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) self-synchronization can improve the stability of network,existing TCP/Random Early Detection(TCP/RED) congestion control model ignores TCP self-synchronization,aiming at this problem,this paper proposes an improved TCP/RED congestion control model including TCP self-synchronization.It applies Nyquist stability criterion to prove that the system is stable if the system model in a half-plane that does not include-1+j0 in the complex plane,receives a more relaxed RED parameter setting scope.NS2 simulation is used to validate the effectiveness of stability condition.


There is a diverse range of modern supercomputing architectures. In this report we discuss the porting of applications currently running (or similar to those currently running) on HPCx to IBM Blue Gene/L, NEC SX8, CRAY XD1 and STI Cell architectures. Described are experiences from such porting, and corresponding performance results. Where possible, direct comparisons to HPCx are presented. We show that the effort involved in porting, and the resulting application performance, are found to vary depending on the target architecture and the application. This is a Technical Report from the HPCx Consortium. Report available from http://www.hpcx.ac.uk/research/publications/HPCxTR0610.pdf © UoE HPCx Ltd 2006 Neither UoE HPCx Ltd nor its members separately accept any responsibility for loss or damage arising from the use of information contained in any of their reports or in any communication about their tests or investigations. Moving HPCx Applications to Future Systems ii


This article is a close reading of Rasheed Araeen's 'Cruciform' works of the 1980s-90s, which brings to the surface Araeen's immanent critique of the colonial and imperialist underpinnings of the history of western Modernism.


theorised', leading to 'definitional confusion, fuzzy policy, flawed projects and ineffectual reforms'. Just as earlier aid to 'the economy' was wasted because it ignored political realities, so governance programs often act as if they can avoid confronting vested power structures. In Dick's words, 'institutional reform is not a politically disembodied "quick fix"'. As a contribution to overcoming this posited paucity of theory, the volume endeavours to establish some frameworks to examine the categories of governance, corruption and legal reform, and to test those frameworks in the cases of Indonesia and Vietnam, and in a comparative piece on former Soviet-bloc Europe. Kanishka Jayasuriya identifies the new prominence of governance as part of a 'post-Washington consensus', which he sees as retaining key elements of the old Washington consensus of open markets, liberalisation and structural adjustment. In particular, the new consensus retains an instrumentalist attitude to 'politics as the effective implementation of agreed technical procedures' rather than as an arena of conflict, bargaining and compromise. Lindsey also sees more continuities than discontinuities in the apparently new thinking on governance, and concludes that 'there is little reason to believe that the lessons of the 1970s have been learnt'. Dick argues for a BOOK REVIEWS


Objective:  There are conflicting reports as to whether breastfed infants respond with higher antibody levels to conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine compared with formula‐fed infants. These observations prompted us to investigate the effect of feeding method on the antibody concentration to Hib polyribosylribitol (PRP) both prior to and 3 months after the primary course of immunisation with Hib (PRP‐OMP).


The nutrient circulation and microbial abundance of oyster-producing waters in the Malpeque Bay area, Prince Edward Island, were followed at two stations through an open season, and the efficiency of carbon assimilation and dissimilation was estimated. Part of the organic fall-out evidently entered the water again in the spring as nutrient salts, but a certain portion was not returned and this represented a net loss from the ecosystem. The nutrient circulation at a station located in a saltwater pond was more efficient than at a station located in a river estuary. In the pond, mineralization was 31% of primary production, largely by mud bacteria; in the estuary it was 17%, about equally by mud and water organisms.


When women doctors and scientists face barriers to publication and journal leadership, the pace of discovery slows and critical perspectives are lost


The invention discloses a preparation method of novel nanometer magnetic bio-adsorbent based on graphene, and in particular relates to a method for modifying magnetic cyclodextrin chitosan on the surface of graphene by adopting a surface grafting technology and a cross-linking method. The new method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: obtaining magnetic cyclodextrin chitosan by an emulsion cross-linking method by using functional graphene as a carrier; and bonding the magnetic magnetic cyclodextrin chitosan on the surface of the functional graphene to obtain novel nanometer magnetic bio-adsorbent. The preparation method can be used for improving mechanical performances of the adsorbent, greatly increasing the specific surface area of the adsorbent, and increasing the bonding and enveloping sites of the ions or molecules and the magnetic cyclodextrin chitosan. The nanometer magnetic adsorption material which is prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of being controllable in surface structure, good in stability, strong in mechanical performance, large in adsorbing capacity, quick in adsorbing balance, easy to separate, high in recycling rate and the like, can be used for separating and enriching heavy metals and organic pollutants in wastewater, and is very good in application potential.


A new numerical method, based on the normalized Bernstein polynomials for solving singular integral equations of Abel type is presented here in this paper. We construct an othonormal family { } n n i b 0 = of polynomials of degree n from the th n degree Bernstein polynomials n i B and use them as a basis to approximate the known and unknown functions ) (x f and ) (x ϕ respectively in the Abel's integral equations. Then orthogonality is used to reduce the integral equation to a system of algebraic equations which can be solved easily. The method is quite accurate and stable even when the approximations are performed by orthonormal Bernstein polynomials n i b of degree as low as 5 , as illustrated by the given numerical examples with varying degree of noise terms e added to ) (x f .


Defatted almond cake (DAC), a major by-product of the almond oil industry, was explored in combination with pearl millet (PM) to develop functional snack food using extrusion technology. The optimum extrusion conditions for developing snacks from DAC (20%) and PM (80%) flour blends were determined through a numerical optimization technique. The optimized product was evaluated for various quality parameters. The expansion ratio of 3.56, bulk density 0.11g/cm3, hardness 30.55N, water absorption index 6.22g/g, and water solubility index 14.56% indicates that its physical characteristics were in the desirable range, while total phenol content of 56.91 ± 2.09 (mg GAE/100g), total flavonoid content of 18.29 ± 0.4 (QE/100g) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (total antioxidant activity) of 89.74± 0.8% indicates its superior bioactive properties. Production and consumption of such snack types on a large scale can improve the population's nutritional status, besides adding value to the defatted almond cake.


Tang, S., Yu, J., Zhang, M. and Bao, E. 2013. Effects of different heat stress periods on various blood and meat quality parameters in young Arbor Acer broiler chickens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 453–460. Heat stress can influence muscle metabolism and meat quality in animals reared for food production. From a commercial perspective, understanding the mechanism of this effect is clearly necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different heat stress periods on serum metabolites and chicken meat quality (n=120). Plasma indicators creatine kinase (CK), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), insulin and glucagon and meat quality (pH, expressible moisture, cooking losses, shear force values) were evaluated. Compared with controls, the concentrations of CK and GPT increased (P<0.01) after 2 and 3 h of heat stress, respectively, whereas plasma insulin and glucagon decreased after 1 and 5 h of heat stress, respectively. The immediate pH (pHi) and ultim...


This paper describes a 12.2-32 kbps scalable wideband speech and audio coder interoperable with GSM enhanced full-rate (EFR). This coder, referred to as EFR-EV, is designed using the ITU-T G.729.1 multi-stage coding structure. Specifically, EFR-EV consists of three stages: a code-excited linear prediction (CELP) stage derived from EFR, time-domain bandwidth extension (TDBWE), and time-domain aliasing cancellation (TDAC). In this paper, we show that the G.729.1 extension layers (i.e. TDBWE and TDAC) are quite generic for scalable codec design in the sense that they can be applied to EFR with limited adjustments. In addition, we propose a minor modification of the bit allocation procedure in TDAC stage, exploiting spectral masking only for higher frequency bands. The performance of EFR- EV and G.729.1 are evaluated in terms of objective/subjective quality, algorithmic delay, and complexity.


The purpose of this manual is to provide an encyclopedic overview of the latest information on the United States Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) program under development by the Department of Energy since 1972. Included in the text is information on: (1) specifications for OTEC subsystems as well as their design and performance; (2) environmental data on possible sites for OTEC plants; (3) the economics of commercializing OTEC systems; and (4) environmental, social, legal, and institutional impact assessments. The manual is a compilation of results from studies funded by the Department of Energy. References are provided to foster a more complete understanding of the specialized areas of OTEC technology.


The purpose of this work was to study the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on denucleation of eggs and investigate the heat‐shock conditions for diploidization for induction of androgenesis in muskellunge, Esox masquinongy. Several egg incubation media, including saline, Ringer's solution, and Ringer's solution supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA), were found suitable to maintain the egg fertility as high as in muskellunge ovarian fluid. The optimal doses of UV radiation were 660–1320 J/m2, at which 100% haploid larvae were produced at a hatching rate of 22.5 ± 2.8%. UV irradiation at low doses (165–330 J/m2) generated abnormal larvae, which were morphologically identical to haploids. Using a flow cytometry method, it was found that cellular DNA content of these larvae was close to that of diploids but significantly lower in value and had a wider distribution (expressed as coefficient of variation) than that of control fish. This suggested that a low dose of UV irradiation might cause gene mutations, alteration of chromosomal conformation and fragmentation, but did not prevent maternal DNA from participating in mitotic division. Interference of maternal DNA residues could be another reason for the poor viability of androgenetic fish. A high dose of UV radiation (1980 J/m2) caused development of severely deformed embryos, indicating that UV radiation also damaged molecules in the eggs other than the denucleation. Our results suggest that classic color and allozyme markers might not be sufficient to prove a complete androgenesis. In order to optimize time and duration of shock for induced diploidization, we investigated the heat‐shock conditions for inhibiting the first mitotic cleavage through induction of homozygous gynogenesis. We found that heat‐shock treatment at 31°C for 9 min starting at 1.4τ0 (a dimensionless factor describing progress in embryo development) after fertilization produced the highest percentage of diploids at hatching. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 49:10–18, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Purpose: The surgical therapy for vertebral artery (VA) and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms is complex and difficult due to the close topographical relationship between the neurovascular structures. We report surgical results caring for patients with VA and PICA aneurysms that were treated via either a transcondylar or supracondylar (transcondylar fossa) approach. And we discuss the characteristics and the difference between these two lateral approaches. We also present the techniques used to perform the transcondylar fossa approach, especially the maneuver used to remove the jugular tubercle extradurally without injuring the atlanto-occipital joint. Method: Nine patients underwent surgery for VA and PICA aneurysms (seven ruptured and two unruptured) with one of these two approaches. We analyzed clinical data which included neurological and radiological findings and operative procedures. Result: In five cases the aneurysm was successfully clipped. One giant VA aneurysm and one fusiform ruptured VA aneurysm were trapped both proximal VA and distal VA from aneurysm. One dissecting aneurysm of anterior medullary segment of PICA was wrapped and no permanent neurological deficit remained. One unruptured large VA aneurysm was wrapped because of dominant VA and PICA arised from aneurysm sac. In seven cases, we successfully treated the aneurysm with a supracondylar approach. In the remaining two cases, a transcondylar approach provided a sufficient operative field for treating the aneurysm without difficulty. Conclusion: These approaches offer good operating fields and excellent proximal control for surgical treatment of VA and PICA aneurysms. This makes it possible to reduce the postoperative neurologic deficit. The supracondylar approach is indicated for aneurysms located above the hypoglossal canal and the transcondylar approach is indicated for those located below it.


Today crisis in the agricultural sector is particularly affected by the mechanization of production processes. At a time when the state is unable to provide effective financial support to agriculture, one of the most important tasks of stabilization and then growth and technical support of agribusiness development is the production and maintenance that can be universally intensive agricultural producers, reliable partner to villagers in growing and processing of agricultural crops. Insufficient substantiation of development of the market economy directions and methods of implementation of changes and reforms in the agricultural sector have led to the initial stage of the systemic crisis of domestic agricultural production. This paper investigates the problem of logistics enterprise structures in the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan, producing agricultural products and at the same time directed to the fixed capital investment almost all depreciation and about a third of the profits. However their technical support continues to decline. So one of the ways to deal with technical support of the villagers is compensation system through the acquisition of agricultural machinery by operation differentiation factors help in purchase of new equipment, which takes into account the share of the cost of government support, the share of compensation payment to be allocated for the purchase of agricultural machinery in general and the share of payment of compensation payment for the types of agricultural machinery.


The EU is an organisation built on the concept of democracy. However, recent developments within certain member-states clearly contradict this claim. A paradox has hence occurred, which is referred ...


Survey data from Los Angeles Times editorial employees and residents of Los Angeles County were gathered to determine respondents' views of the newspaper's efforts to increase minority coverage, specifically with regard to the market-driven nature of those efforts. How respondents perceive market-driven journalism and the extent to which newsroom and community perceptions of it are similar were specifically addressed. This is an important and neglected area of research. Results suggest that people, whether journalists or readers, neither dismiss nor embrace market-driven journalism outright.


A simplified model of radial diffusion in a planetary disk with a bimodal size distribution is presented. The large particle component excites the small particles' dispersion velocity via gravitational scattering. The resulting small particle viscous stress goes through a maximum near optical depth = sq root 3. Such a stress profile promotes the development of high and low optical depth zones. The resulting ringlet appearance is due primarily to the distribution of small particles, which produce most of the optical depth but may constitute only a minor portion of system mass.


The Fock-Tani formalism is a successful mapping technique that has been used in hadron physics to describe hadron interaction and decay. In this one can obtain the 3P0 model with bound state corrections. In this work we applay this technique for decay, where the amplitude and its respective decay rates are evaluated.


This paper discusses the development of Korean communities in Japan from their origins in the late nineteenth century through their stabilization following the Second World War. Approaching the developing communities from a spatial perspective, the chapter compares Tokyo and Osaka and shows the connections between the urban environment and development of migrant communities.


Ethernet PassiveOptical Networkresearch hasbeenthestudy ofefficient DBA as a (EPON)isanaccess network that delivers essential keyfactor inachieving fairness indistributing services ofvoicevideoanddatacommunications bandwidth amongst remotenetwork units.As reliably, whilatthesametim providingexpectdepicted inFigure 1,an EPON isa point-to- guarantees ofthedelivery ofthose services intermsmultipoint network, wherea single OLT is guaranteesQulty ofService measures ( S thisconnected viashared mediadownstream andshared ofdefined . . ., media upstreamtomultiple ONUs.A meansof paper compares performance criteria suchasdelay, siean pakelosrtofr tw dyai coordinating upstreamand downstream queuesie,nd acktlssatifotwdy am. transmissions isrequired. TheMulti-Point Control bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms: Interleaved Protocol (MPCP) isusedinEPONstoachieve this Polling withAdaptive Cycle Time(IPACT), anda coordination. MPCP provides a mechanism for new Cyclic DemandProportionality Algorithm (CDP).CDPgives thebestperformances intermsgontroint nete 3r v delay vs.offered load, queuesize vs.offered load andpacket loss ratio vs.offered loadcompared to IPACTwiththeFixed Allocation Windowsize for transmission. Improvement isseenforthese three 5 fl parameters whenCDP iscompared withIPACT withLimited Allocation Windowsize. A traffic generator that gives traffic withself-similar andlong rangedependency properties isusedin the EI|I fEUD simulations. 2 3 ~ ~ ~


This voltage control apparatus (1B) is provided with: a voltage adjustment unit (52) which controls a voltage control apparatus (1A) for modifying the voltage of a bus line to which a plurality of distribution lines are connected, and does so such that the voltage of the bus line is brought to within a target voltage range; a communication process unit (54) which communicates with a voltage control apparatus for controlling voltage control equipment connected to distribution lines, or with voltage monitoring equipment situated on distribution lines, for measuring voltage at the installation site; a target voltage range modification request processing unit (51d) which, in the event of having received a target voltage range modification request from voltage monitoring equipment, sends, via the communication process unit (54), a modification permission confirmation inquiring whether modification of the target voltage range is acceptable, to voltage monitoring equipment that is connected to another distribution line different from the distribution line to which the voltage monitoring equipment that sent the modification request is connected, and which, on the basis of the response to the modification permission confirmation, determines whether to modify the target voltage range; and a target voltage range modification process unit (51b) which modifies the target voltage range, in the event of a determination to modify by the target voltage range modification request processing unit (51d).


Protein export in Escherichia coli is absolutely dependent on two integral membrane proteins, SecY and SecE. Previous deletion mutagenesis of the secE gene showed that only the third of three membrane-spanning segments and a portion of the second cytoplasmic region are necessary for its function in protein export. Here we further define the residues important for SecE function. Alignment of the SecE homologues of various eubacteria reveals that they all contain one membrane-spanning segment, compared with three in E. coli SecE, and that the most conserved region among them lies in their putative cytoplasmic amino termini; little homology exists in their membrane-spanning segments. The SecE homologue of the extreme thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima was cloned and found to complement a deletion of secE in E. coli. Deletion or replacement of the cytoplasmic region of E. coli SecE eliminated SecE function, indicating that this sequence is essential for a functional secretion machinery. Mutant analysis suggests that the most important function of the third membrane-spanning segment is to maintain the proper topological arrangement of the conserved cytoplasmic domain.


This paper is prepared to show the mathematical proof of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald length contraction to be an eect of the Doppler factor instead of the Lorentz factor.


Abstract 'Epistemology of Tension' is a comparative study of the use of the metaphor of 'translation' in the Middle Ages and in contemporary culture. Due to its metaphorical application, the contemporary term 'translation' has become a wide-ranging and central term extending well beyond its meaning of linguistic translation. However, I argue that, while the metaphors of translation connote translatability of historical, cultural, and political contents and contexts, at the same time they obscure the relations of power that take place in cultural and political translation. I draw a parallel with the medieval translation topos, where, although similar to contemporary translation in its range and centrality of position, translation addresses the issue of metaphor quite differently. An analysis of the medieval term 'translatio' in its meaning of metaphor reveals that translation occurs as an epistemology of tension between power and knowledge. By contrast, the metaphorization of translation in contemporary global culture creates a dominant, global language which presents itself as neutral because all-inclusive. Subsequently, I argue that because it is presumably all-inclusive, this global language of 'translation' threatens to become a homogenous and, ultimately, a hegemonic, undemocratic global discourse.


This paper reports on the preparation and characterization of thin films of silicon nitride deposited on heated silicon substrates from Si(CH, ),-NHS-H, mixtures activated at room temperature by an a-c. discharge at low frequency. The films were deposited at 800°C. Deposition rate as well as refractive index were measured and several parameters were systematically varied , including deposition time (1-3 h), total gas flow rate, chamber pressure (20-45 kPa), peak driving voltage (8-12 kV) and frequency (400-600Hz). The composition of the films was studied using transmission electron microscopy (106V), Auger spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. In plasma CVD reactors, the substrates are generally immersed in the discharge and resistively heated l Using such a device, the discharge is produced in the gaseous reactant mixture which is maintained at low pressure (5-200Pa) under an r.f. plasma. Thus "silicon nitride'' films (actually Six N,H, ) are deposited at temperatures between 20 and 500°C from SiH,-NH3-Ar miktures 2 at temperatures between 300 and 600°C from SiH4-NH3-N, mixtures /3/ and recently at temperatures between 25 and 200°C from the reactant mixture Si(CH,),-NH, /4/. Moreover, similar silicon nitride films have been deposited at room temperature using low frequency (50 Hz) plasma CVD with SiH4-N, mixtures at about 160 Pa total pressure /5/. Finally, as a matter of comparison, Si3N, can be deposited on graphite subtrates by low pressure (520-1320 Pa) pyrolysis of Si(CH,), -NHS-H, mixtures in a hot wall reactor (1000-1200°C) /6/. Silicon nitride deposits made below a temperature of 500°C contain non-negligible quantities of hydrogen. On the other hand, fabrication of deposits above 1000°C can lead to undesirable reactions with the substrate. Here, we describe a technique which enables the fabrication of hydrogen-free layers of silicon nitride at a temperature between 500 and 1000 "C. 2-EXPERIMENTAL The film deposition equipment is shown schematically in Figure 1. The vertical reactor is a silica tube 620 mm high and 40 mm in diameter. The lower part of the reactor is the electronic activation zone where an a.c. discharge is produced in the gaseous reactant mixture. The high voltage discharge electrode is constituted by a Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1991250 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV THERMAL ACTIVATION ZONE ELECTRONIC ACTIVATION Z O N E Fig. 1.Film deposition apparatus. (1) gas inlet; (2) water jacket; (3) high voltage electrode ; (4) gaseous gap (5) silica tube ; (6; inductive coil ; (7) susceptor ; (8) molybdenum wire. stainless steel cylindrical inner grid, the radius of which is very close ( about 1 mm ) to the radius of the outer tube, acting as grounded electrode. The square mesh aperture of the grid (112 pm) has been chosen to be about twice the Debye length /7/ in such a plasma. The outer tube is cooled directly with water from the laboratory supply. Electrically, the cold plasma zone presents a capacitive load to the power supply due to both the gaseous gap and the dielectric barrier present (Figure 2). D i e l e c t r i c Q u a r t z tube Gaseous gap 4 I-@ VOLTAGE HIGH Fig.2. -Equivalent circuit: 1/C, = l/ C, + l/ C, The power and control circuit has been described previously /8/. The power W dissipated in the gaseous gap can be calculated from the Manley expression /9/ : W= 4f C, V. (Vm -C, V, / C, C, ) where f is the frequency (Hz), C, and C,, the capacitances (F) respectively of the dielectric barrier and of the plasma reactor, V,, the peak driving voltage (V) and V, , the peak across the gaseous gap (V) The upper part of the reactor is the thermal activation zone-The graphite susceptor of the silicon substrate (6x6mm) is sustained by a molybdenum wire within the central axis of the tube and heated by an inductive coil. The temperature of the susceptor is controlled and measured by an optical pyrometer. Before any experiment, the reactor was evacuated to a pressure of about 10-I Pa. A mixture of tetramethyl silane (TMS), ammonia (NH, ) and hydrogen (H,) was used for depositing thin films. Whisle the gaseous mixture was flowing into the reactor, the plasma was initiated until the suceptor temperature is adjusted. Such a general film deposition equipment characterized mainly by successive use of electronic and thermal activations has been patented by our research team /10/ . So only preliminary results will be presented in this paper in order to judge the ability of this novel technique to produce good quality thin films. A Rudolph Research automatic ellipsometer (A=63280 nm) was used to measure film thickness and index of refraction. The composition of the films was studied using AUGER electron spectroscopy (RIBER SIA 200), infrared spectroscopy (PERKIN-ELMER 1760 X) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) on the 1 MV electron microscope from the CEMES CNRS, located in TOULOUSE. 3-RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The experimental data show the influence of the following parameters on the deposition process: deposition time, total gas flow rate Q, reactor total pressure P, frequency and peak driving voltage. The substrate temperature was kept constant (800°C).


Discusses the influence and harm of the content of aluminum in water on water treatment system.This paper focuses on the cumulation of aluminum,its toxicity and the international studies on the influence of aluminum compounds on microbe activity,aiming to arouse the notice on the harmful effect of toxicity of aluminum in wastewater treatment process and provide some advice to the research target and content.


This paper critiques Porter and Kramer's concept of creating shared value. The strengths of the idea are highlighted in terms of its popularity among practitioner and academic audiences, its connecting of strategy and social goals, and its systematizing of some previously underdeveloped, disconnected areas of research and practice. However, the concept suffers from some serious shortcomings, namely it: is unoriginal; ignores the tensions inherent to responsible business activity; is naive about business compliance; and is based on a shallow conception of the corporation's role in society.


Feminism movement rising after World War II in western society has a great impact on translation studies.Feminists have initially introduced gender into translating subject studies.It made translation studies converted from inter-context to outer-context.It undoubtedly provides translating study with a new feminism perspective,and ever since then the sphere of translation study has been broadened.This paper introduces certain feminism translating strategies,and its deconstruction on conventional translating theory.Meanwhile it proposes the limitations of feminism translating theory.


We discuss a field theoretical extension of the basic structures of classical analytical mechanics within the framework of the De Donder--Weyl (DW) covariant Hamiltonian formulation. The analogue of the symplectic form is argued to be the {\em polysymplectic} form of degree $(n+1)$, where $n$ is the dimension of space-time, which defines a map between multivector fields or, more generally, graded derivation operators on exterior algebra, and forms of various degrees which play a role of dynamical variables. The Schouten-Nijenhuis bracket on multivector fields induces the graded analogue of the Poisson bracket on forms, which turns the exterior algebra of (horizontal) forms to a Gerstenhaber algebra. The equations of motion are written in terms of the Poisson bracket on forms and it is argued that the bracket with $H\vol$, where $H$ is the DW Hamiltonian function and $\vol$ is the horizontal (i.e. space-time) volume form, is related to the operation of exterior differentiation of forms.


This study reports on ecological aspects of the structure and habitat for populations of Gymnnocalycium schickendanzii (F. A. C. Weber) Britton & Rose var., a cactus which is endemic to Argentina. In the province of Mendoza, it grows in the arid central western deserts, along with shrubs of Larrea cuneifolia plus Zuccagnia punctata. Variations in population density for this cactus, at sample level, depend on the facilitation and protection provided by nurse plants. The counting of individual plants that grow beneath shrub canopies revealed a high proportion of the population in juvenile (67.3%) and mature stages (21.8%), a small fraction of seedlings (9.9%) and nearly absence of adult plants (1.0%). Cactus recruitment is conditioned by the height and degree of coverage of nurse plants whichregulate temperature and fertility values underneath their canopies. In this sense, Larrea cuneifolia, Tricomaria usillo and Zuccagnia punctata are the best accepted nurse plants. It was found that variations in percent density of living cacti were highly significant. Populations are potentially threatened by oil exploitation, cattle breeding, etc. These results, which show the natural variation in the establishment of populations of Gymnocalycium, may have applicationfor their management and conservation. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. UID Botánica y Fitosociología. IADIZA-CCT CONICET (Ex CRICYT). Avda. Dr. Adrián Ruiz Leal, s/n. Parque General San Martín. (5500) Mendoza. Argentina. email@example.com


Objective To understand the awareness of STD related knowledge among technicians of STDs laboratories and to provide scientific basis for developing strategies of STD prevention and treatment.Methods Forty eight technicians were selected from 21 STD laboratories in high-epidemic regions of Zhejiang province using random sampling and were surveyed with the same questionnaire.Results Of the surveyed technicians 13 were from province-level SDT laboratories,9 were from city-level laboratories and 26 were from county-level laboratories;they were aged from 22 to 55 years,with the mean age of 35.31 ± 7.67 years.As to their educational backgrounds,4 were graduates of laboratory technical schools,12 were college graduates,and 32 were university graduates,So far technical titles were concerned,21 were assistant technicians,24 were technicians in charge and 3 were deputy-chief technicians.The lowest scores of SDT related knowledge were 14 points,the highest were 29 points,and the average scores were 21.19 points.Conclusion Most of the technicians of STD laboratories in highly epidemic regions of our province have good command of STDs related testing knowledge,but the awareness of specific STDs professional knowledge was low.Capacity building of STD laboratories should be strengthened,in order to improve the accuracy and validaty of STDs testing.


Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki is being applied increasingly to control forest and agricultural pests, either directly or as a component of transgenic plants (HOfte and Whiteley, 1989; McGaughey and Whalon, 1992). Host plant or plant allelochemicals influence efficacy of B. thuringiensis in several insects (Brewer and Anderson, 1990; Reichelderfer, 1991). However, host plant effects on control of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), with B. thuringiensis have not been demonstrated. This study examined the response of gypsy moth larvae reared on either white alder, Alnus rhombifolia, or Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, to treatment with B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. These potential hosts for gypsy moth in the Pacific Northwest (Miller and Hanson, 1989) differ in their allelochemistry, nutrients, and capacity to induce detoxifying enzymes in gypsy moth larvae (Joseph et al., 1991; Moldenke et al., 1992). Egg masses were collected in January, 1990, from oak woodlands in Seneca State Park, Maryland. The egg masses were stored at 10°C for 2-3 months. As needed, eggs were pooled from several masses, warmed to 24°C, washed for 10 min in 15% formalin to kill virus, and rinsed twice in distilled water (5 min/rinse, with stirring). After hatching, larvae were reared on field-collected foliage of Douglas-fir or white alder, which was replaced at least every other day. Rearing was at 24°C under a 16:8 hr L:D photoperiod. The B. thuringiensis used was a preparation of Javelin (5% a.i. technical concentrate; 26.1 BSU) provided by Sandoz Crop Protection Corp. (Wasco, CA). Javelin is derived from the NRD-12 kurstaki strain (serovar H:3a,3b), which is effective against certain lepidopterans that are relatively unsusceptible to HD-1 and other kurstaki strains (DuBois, 1985). Like products derived from HD-1, the P1 crystals (8-endotoxins) produced by the NRD-12 strain characteristically contain CryIA(a), CryIA(b), and CryIA(c) protoxins (Moar et al., 1990); Javelin also contains cryll proteins. The Javelin was mixed into a slurry and diluted in distilled water to a stock concentration of approximately 7 mg (dry weight)/ml. The stock was diluted as necessary to obtain the final concentrations and incorporated into a diet of ground Douglas-fir or alder foliage bound with agar. This type of diet, rather than fresh foliage, was used because it more closely approximates standard assay techniques (Beegle, 1990) and allows for more uniform administration of dose than would the use of fresh foliage. Douglas-fir needles were ground fresh in liquid nitrogen in order to preserve terpenes and passed through a 10-mesh screen; alder foliage, which does not contain detectable terpenes (Moldenke et al., 1992), was air-dried and ground to pass through a 20-mesh screen. Foliage and B. thuringiensis were added after the agar had been autoclaved and cooled to 50°C. Two days after molting, third instars were placed on treated diet corresponding to the foliage on which they had been feeding; control larvae were given diet with no B. thuringiensis. The experiment was repeated three times with alder-reared larvae (30 larvae/dose), and the data were pooled (total n/dose = 90); only 30 larvae reared on Douglas-fir were available per treatment. After 48 hr, larvae were placed on fresh foliage of the original host and observed daily until death or pupation. Monoterpene, phenolic, and nitrogen contents of foliage used to rear larvae were determined from weekly foliage samples (Joseph et al., 1991). Significance of differences in mortality was determined by x2 . Significance of effects on time to pupation and pupal, adult, and ovary weights was evaluated by t test (Statgraphics, STSC, Inc., Rockville, MD, 1987). Mortality was independent of dose in both host plant treatments (Table 1). Lack of dose response, which has been reported by other workers (van Frankenhuyzen et al., 1991) may have resulted from reduced ingestion caused by either unpalatability of the treated diet (Gould et al., 1991) or by recovery of larvae at higher doses after replacement on fresh foliage. At each time interval up to 96 hr, mortality was significantly higher in larvae fed treated Douglas-fir diet than in those fed treated alder diet (Table 1). Up to one-third of total mortality from treatment to pupation in treated larvae on both diets occurred after the initial 96-hr observation period. Latent mortality after treatment with B. thuringiensis has been reported previously in gypsy moth (Ahmad et al., 1978) and in Trichoplusia ni (Gharib and Wyman, 1991). Developmental time from treatment to pupation of treated alder-fed larvae increased significantly (P 0.001) relative to untreated larvae, but was unaffected


Locally repairable codes (LRCs), which can recover any symbol of a codeword by reading only a small number of other symbols, have been widely used in real-world distributed storage systems, such as Microsoft Azure Storage and Ceph Storage Cluster. Since the binary linear LRCs can significantly reduce the coding and decoding complexity, the construction of binary LRCs is of particular interest. To date, all the known optimal binary linear LRCs with the locality 2 (b ≥ 3) are based on the socalled partial spread which is a collection of the same dimensional subspaces with pairwise trivial, i.e., zero-dimensional intersection. In this paper, we concentrate on binary linear LRCs with disjoint local repair groups. We construct dimensional optimal binary linear LRCs with locality 2 (b ≥ 3) and minimum distance d ≥ 6 by employing intersection subspaces deduced from the direct sum vs. the traditional partial spread construction. This method will increase the number of possible repair groups of LRCs as many as possible, and thus efficiently enlarge the range of the construction parameters while keeping the largest code rates compared with all known binary linear LRCs with minimum distance d ≥ 6 and locality 2 (b ≥ 3). Index Terms Locally repairable codes, distributed storage systems, intersection space.


A central contribution of institutionalist approaches to planning has been to illustrate how planners' constraints can also present opportunities for creative action. Through an ethnographic case analysis of a successful land title regularization project on the South Texas-Mexico border, this paper identifies two critical factors not reducible to institutional features: groups' perceptions of shared needs (vulnerabilities) and the range of actions that groups recognize as legible and valid for addressing these needs (repertoires). These additional factors reveal how planners can dissolve apparent "wicked" problems by allowing disparate group perspectives to transform the means and ends of planning intervention.


Gamma rays constitute a privileged point of view for the study of the extreme Universe. Unlike charged cosmic rays, which are thought to have a common origin, gamma rays are not deflected by galactic and intergalactic magnetic fields. This offers the opportunity to unveil the most powerful particle accelerators, still largely unknown, once modifications in the gamma-ray flux, arrival time, and angular distribution due to propagation effects are considered. Gamma ray telescopes include a large variety of instruments, both satellite-born and ground-based, which cover a broad energy range. These lecture notes provide an overview of the detection techniques for gamma-ray astronomy. A detailed description of the gamma-ray propagation effects in the galactic and extragalactic scenarios is also provided.


With more and more serious illegal coal mining in Shanxi,the problem of civilian explosives becomes prominent,even out of control.The reasons are complicated,including social economic factor and management factor.It's useful to analyze this problem from the angle of management.Public security organs should take effective measures to administer it.