How does competition in firms' product markets influence their behavior in equity markets? Do product market imperfections spread to equity markets? We examine these questions in a noisy rational expectations model in which firms operate under monopolistic competition while their shares trade in perfectly competitive markets. Firms use their monopoly power to pass on shocks to customers, thereby insulating their profits. This encourages stock trading, expedites the capitalization of private information into prices and improves the allocation of capital. Several implications are derived and tested. ∗INSEAD, Department of Finance, Boulevard de Constance, 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex, France. Telephone: (33)-1 6072 4035. Fax: (33)-1 6074 5500. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. I thank for helpful comments Patrick Bolton, Philip Bond, Markus Brunnermeier, Murillo Campello, James Dow, Bernard Dumas, Lily Fang, Michael Fishman, Denis Gromb, Charles Jones, Massimo Massa, Jacques Olivier, José Scheinkman, David Thesmar, Laura Veldkamp, Bernard Yeung and seminar participants at Columbia Business School, HEC Paris, NYU Stern School of Business, Princeton University, HEC Lausanne, the 2007 WFA meeting, GSAM, the 2006 CEPR Summer Symposium in Financial Markets, the 2007 Adam Smith Asset Pricing meeting, the 2008 European Winter Finance Conference (Klosters) and the Caesarea Center 5th Annual Academic Conference. I am also grateful to an anonymous referee and the editor, Campbell Harvey, for many insightful comments and detailed suggestions. How does competition in firms' product markets influence their behavior in equity markets? Do product market imperfections spread to equity markets? These questions are of interest especially as product markets are becoming more competitive in many countries thanks to the relaxation of impediments to trade and barriers to entry. We analyze them in a noisy rational expectations model in which firms operate under monopolistic competition while their shares trade in perfectly competitive markets. The model is guided by recent empirical work showing that stock returns are affected by the intensity of product market competition. Gaspar andMassa (2005) and Irvine and Pontiff (2005) document that more competitive firms have more volatile idiosyncratic returns, and Hou and Robinson (2006) that they earn higher risk-adjusted returns. The model is also guided by an inspection of the data. Our starting point is the finding in Gaspar and Massa (2005) that analysts' earnings forecasts about firms operating in more competitive industries are more dispersed. Since differences in opinions are usually a motivation for trading, we expect to find a greater volume of trade for these firms. To analyze this conjecture, we sort firms on their market power and measure the average trading volume in each group. As Figure 1 shows, we find the opposite of our conjecture. Stocks in the bottom market power quintile are traded less frequently than those in the top quintile. A possible explanation for the mismatch between belief heterogeneity and trading volume is that the opinions examined in Gaspar andMassa (2005) — analysts' forecasts — are not representative of the overall market but of informed investors who trade differently. We explore this possibility by studying trades initiated by insiders — officers of firms who presumably have access to privileged information.


Many critics are inclined to regard one of the first stream-of-consciousness novels in English history—Pilgrimage—as the crystallization of feminist movement since it was written at the booming period of modernism and presented a strong challenge against patriarchal discourse.However,if the novel is analyzed in combination with the author's political stance and esthetic thoughts,it can be discovered that she is in fact pursuing an ideal of individualism with her fiction.


Objective
To construct a prokaryotic expression vector carrying Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)Rv0073 gene and express the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli(E.coli).

Methods
The Rv0073 gene from MTB H37Rv strain was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into the plasmid pET26b(+ ). Then, E.coli BL21 strain was transformed with the recombinant plasmid. The recombinant protein expression was induced by using Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)at 25 ℃, 28 ℃, 30 ℃, 34 ℃ and 37 ℃, respectively. The protein expression by IPTG induction for 2 h, 4 h and 7 h was also examined. Finally, we purified the recombinant protein using the MagneHis™ Ni-Parties kit.

Results
We constructed a prokaryotic expression plasmid, pET26b-Rv0073. The Rv0073 protein expression in BL21 was successfully detected by SDS-PAGE.Induction temperature did not affect the expression. But induction time is related to the expression and the expression of recombinant protein decrease with increasing induction temperature.The recombinant protein formed inclusion bodies after expression. We could successfully purify the protein.

Conclusion
The expression plasmid of Rv0073 will become the basis for further production of Rv0073 and for the studying on the biological functions of the protein.

Key words:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rv0073; Expression; Purification


This merged dataset represents the Essential Fish Habitats of Red Drum as described in Final Habitat Plan for the South Atlantic Region: Essential Fish Habitiat Requirements for Fishery Management Plans of the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, The Shrimp Fishery Management Plan, The Red Drum Fishery Management Plan, The Snapper Grouper Fishery Management Plan, The Coastal Migratory Pelagics Fishery Management Plan, The Golden Crab Fishery Management Plan, The Spiny Lobster Fishery Management Plan, The Coral, Coral Reefs, and Live/Hard Bottom Habitat Fishery Management Plan, and the Calico Scallop Fishery Management Plan (October 1998). The particular components included in this assembled dataset include: Artificial Reefs in FL, GA, SC, NC; Continental Margin Sand Sediments off the coast of FL, GA, SC, NC; Estuarine Emergent Wetlands off the coast of FL, GA, SC, NC; Estuarine Scrub.Shrub Wetlands near FL, GA, SC, NC; Oysters included as part of the FL Environmental Sensitivity Index; Oyster in FL's St. Lucie Estuary; Shellfish Beds in SC; Shellfish Growing Areas in NC; Seagrass in FL; SubAquatic Vegetation in NC.


Sex work is an increasingly popular form of employment for many men and women around the world. Many countries have implemented punitive practices to reduce the prevalence of sex work, while others like Peru, have taken proactive steps to decriminalize sex work through government regulations and elective sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention services. While abundant data indicate the risks associated with sex work, few data detail client narratives and insights into transactional sex. This paper provides a unique account of one man's experience in a brothel and an important perspective to better understand the intricacies and complexities of commercial sex work.


Sustainability was adopted by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in Rio de Janiero as the main political goal for the future development of humankind. It should also be the ultimate aim of product development. According to the well-known interpretation of the original definition given in the Brundtland Report, sustainability comprises three components: environment, economy, and social aspects. These components or 'pillars' of sustainability have to be properly assessed and balanced if a new product is to be designed or an existing one be improved. Depending on the systems to be improved, in the sense of better sustainability, and to the audience(s), i.e. actors or stakeholders, different scientific and practical approaches are being developed. There are notably two directions which can be distinguished: one based on accounting (Environmental Accounting and Environmental Management Accounting—EMA) and another one based on the Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) of products. In this article, the latter approach is described in the hope of improving the mutual understanding of the two communities and their assessment/accounting tools. The responsibility of the researchers involved in the assessment of sustainability is to provide appropriate, reliable, and up-to-date instruments. For the environmental part, there is already an internationally standardised tool: Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA). Life-Cycle Costing (LCC) is the logical counterpart of LCA for the economic assessment. LCC surpasses the purely economic accounting and cost calculation by taking into account the useand end-of-life phases and hidden costs. For this component, a guideline is being developed by The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC). It is a very important point that different life-cycle based methods (including Social Life-Cycle Assessment 'SLCA') for sustainability assessment use consistent system boundaries. SLCA has been neglected in the past, mainly due to great methodological difficulties, but is now beginning to be developed. The central problems seem to be W. Klöpffer (*ü ) LCA Consult & Review, Frankfurt a. M., Germany e-mail: email@example.com I. Renner Umweltund Energieberatung, Rüsselsheim, Germany e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com S. Schaltegger et al. (eds.) Environmental Management Accounting 91 for Cleaner Production, © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2008 92 W. Klöpffer, I. Renner how to relate the social indicators (social impact assessment) quantitatively to the functional unit of the product-system, and how to restrict to a manageable number the many social indicators proposed. Furthermore, a better regional resolution of the Life-Cycle Inventory, compared to conventional LCA, has to be achieved since the social conditions vary geographically much more than, the core element of LCA industrial production.


Since the founding of PRC,China's investigative to-case system has been in a changing process,and there is a rather large gap between practice and system. The basic characteristic of the first phase is the combination of detention and arrest and strength contrast in "power-right" relationship is large,which violates basic procedural fairness. The basic characteristic of the second phase is that the use of sheltering for investigation is expedite and police power is strong and has no limitations. Although suspects have some protection for detention treatment,they are lack of basic procedural rights. The basic characteristic of the third phase is that non-legal to-case measures are generally used and legal to-case types are not used effectively. This situation lies on many factors. The key to resolve the issue of improper application is to expand investigative to-case system further through legislation and prescribe regulate legal consequences of the abuse of to-case measures.


This article reviews the main cause of user experience on development methods and laws, including Fitt's Law, Hick-Hyman Law, Accot's Law, Gestalt Law, proximity, similarity, closure, continuity, figure and ground, simplicity, symmetry and experience. Article in Lithuanian


212 ehçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem vasculitis of unknown etiology characterized mainly by recurrent oral aphthous ulceration, genital ulceration, skin lesions and uveitis.1 Urogenital manifestations other than genital ulceration are rare. However, epididymitis and sterile uretritis have been reported in 6% and 3% of male patients respectively.2 Although, an increased prevalance of prostatitis in patients with BD have been reported in one study,3 there is a considerable lack of evidence concerning an increased urinary tract infections (UTIs).


This paper examines the efficiency, inter-linkages and volatility transmission across the stock markets. USA, UK, Japanese, Indian and Chinese economies.The dataset consists of daily stock indices of the five countries for 25 year period starting from January 7th, 1991 till December 31st, 2015, covering approximately 5150 observations. The results indicate that only UK and Japanese stock markets follow random walk as per Lo & MacKinlay Variance Ratio test. Further, our findings reveal the presence of significant short run inter–linkages, with the causality moving from USA and UK markets towards Asian markets. There is presence of long run co-integration among almost all the five countries. The result of ARCH–GARCH model reveals that the volatility in stock markets of countries do get affected by the volatile behaviour of stock markets of other countries. The findings are useful for devising an appropriate diversification strategy and would serve the potential investors, government, regulators, policy makers, academicians and researchers.


The paper is devoted to the numerical study of the features of inelastic deformation and fracture of representative mesoscopic volumes of porous brittle materials (including rocks) under the condition of triaxial compression. The study is focused on the analysis of applicability of the classical macroscopic "linear" criteria of plasticity and strength for the description of the mechanical response and assessment of the onset of fracture of representative volumes. Analysis of simulation results confirmed that conventional plasticity conditions (criteria), which take into account the contribution of the local average stress in the linear approximation, are able to adequately describe the mechanical behavior of confined mesoscopic representative volumes of brittle porous rocks only up to the stage of formation of the system of distributed relatively long cracks. We found that material work softening under confined conditions is concerned not with loss of integrity of the sample, but with subsequent formation of localized shear band. The conditions for actual fracture of confined brittle porous rocks are adequately described using "linear" failure criteria with parameters determined on the base of multiaxial compression tests.


According to the analysis of the nature,the characteristics,and the forming factor of network wanted,this article probed into the tort and illegal act that existing in network wanted when it is preserving and supervising the citizen' s ethics system in our country.The article also submitted some proposals to the norm and the solution,with the considering of related regulations of internet management on in our country.


In recent years, with an environment of affordable technology and a lack of adequate regulation, there has been the invasion of privacy in the use of the employees' personal information. As a result, there has been growing conflict of interests between the employer and the employee regarding personal information violation. This paper takes up the challenge from an employees' privacy as a personal right in the workplace. Employers are prohibited from forcing employees to work against their will by means of violence, intimidation, imprisonment, or any other unfair restraint on their mental and physical freedom. Violators are subject to heavy penalties prescribed by the Labor Standards Law. Today, Employees' personal information violation by computer network has been a big issue throughout the world. In the future employee's personal information must be protected from unlimited collection and use of information by their companies and the companies' requirement of information for labor affairs and human resources management must be leveled to protect employees' human rights. Therefore it is necessary to review employees' personal information and privacy issues based on the three-party relations of employees, employers, and the government from the Labor law's view to specify abstract ideologies of the Korean Constitution. Legislation of comprehensive of specific employees' Information Protection Act abided by the Labor Law would be necessary. For the purpose, we should discuss the various issues in a greater depth.


Actinomycosis is a slowly progressive and indolent infectious disease characterized by acute suppurative inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis. It usually occurs in cervicofacial, abdominopelvic, and pulmonary areas. Pulmonary actinomycosis accounts for 15%– 20% of total cases and is often accompanied by empyema, necrosis, and pleural effusion. Its clinical manifestations and radiologic features are nonspecific unfortunately. We report a case of lung abscess caused by pulmonary actinomycosis in a 53-year-old man, presented with fever, chilling, myalgia, and hemoptysis for 15 days. The plain chest radiograph showed a mass-like lesion in the left upper lung field. The computed tomography scan revealed mass-like infiltration with a huge cavity and central necrosis. Microscopic examination of the lung specimen showed Gram-positive sulfur granules and was consistent with pulmonary actinomycosis.


Using vectors is effective way in testifying such questions as equa t ion, linear relations, positive crossing, decomposing, coordinates, quantitative accumulation, and calculating acreage with sector, etc.


The molecular mechanism by which thyroid hormones exert their effects on cell growth is still unknown. In this study, we used chick embryo hepatocytes at different stages of development as a model to investigate the effect of the two thyroid hormones, T3 and T4, and of their metabolite T2, on the control of cell proliferation. We observed that T2 provokes increase of DNA‐synthesis as well as T3 and T4, independently of developmental stage. We found that this stimulatory effect on the S phase is reverted by specific inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) and p42/44 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p42/44 MAPK), Ro 31‐8220 or PD 98059. Furthermore, the treatment with thyroid hormones induces the activation of PKCα and p42/44 MAPK, suggesting their role as possible downstream mediators of cell response mediated by thyroid hormones. The increase of DNA‐synthesis is well correlated with the increased levels of cyclin D1 and cdk4 that control the G1 phase, and also with the activities of cell‐cycle proteins involved in the G1 to S phase progression, such as cyclin E/A‐cdk2 complexes. Interestingly, the activity of cyclin‐cdk2 complexes is strongly repressed in the presence of PKC and p42/44 MAPK inhibitors. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the thyroid hormones could modulate different signaling pathways that are able to control cell‐cycle progression, mainly during G1/S transition. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Measuring consumers' Willingness To Pay (WTP) without considering the level of uncertainty in valuation and the consequent risk premiums will result in estimates that are biased toward lower values. This research proposes a model and method for correctly assessing WTP in cases involving valuation uncertainty. The new method, called Risk Adjustment Mechanism (RAM), is presented theoretically and demonstrated empirically. It is shown that the RAM outperforms the traditional method for assessing WTP, especially in a context of a nonmarket good such as a totally new product.


Every building must be provided with some way of ventilation or a streamlining design to reduce the air drag and turbulence, in order to prevent stress on the underlying pilings. Every multistorey building in a cosmopolitan city is constructed with a non-rectilinear structure such as helical, circular, etc to be a streamlined structure. For the vent/passage of air, there are some cases where they left an entirety of a floor to ensure air passage. But, looking at the layout we can conclude that there is a massive waste of the carpet area/ living space. So, in order to reduce the effect of turbulent air on a regularly shaped building, a modification in the design of the regular window lintel is made. A normal window frame/lintel, which is usually provided for shade and as a canopy, is constructed with bricks and cement. Considering a sample lintel, it has more than 2 feet in depth. Now, using this length can be made a design that can reduce the turbulence of the air that is passing through the building. This helps us to reduce the air drag and stresses on the building's pilings or joints, without wasting much of the area. Considering the elevation, the design will be made to look aesthetically pleasing. A comparative study will be made with respect to the published papers and past theories.


El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) will still be the most dominant year-to-year variations of the future tropical climate system. A 20-km mesh atmospheric general circulation model (MRI-AGCM3.2) is used to project future changes in rainfall extremes associated with El Nino at the end of the 21st century. Four different spatial patterns in sea surface temperature (SST) changes are used as future boundary conditions based on the CMIP5 RCP8.5 scenario. Rainfall extremes such as the maximum 5-day precipitation total (Rx5d) over the western Pacific are positively correlated to the Nino3.4 SST anomalies. It is found that Rx5d regressed to the Nino3.4 SST will increase about two times in the future compared to the present value. This implies drastic increase of risk of heavy-rainfall induced disasters under by global warming over the western Pacific countries. Uncertainty is assessed using multi-member ensemble experiments with the 60-km mesh version of the model.


In the present study, vibratory behaviour of a robot arm with a single unit impact damper is investigated. To find the contact duration, oscillat ion of the impact mass and the main mass between and during the contacts is formulated. Using the contact duration and relative vibration of the masses, the restitution coefficient is obtained and employed to model the vibratory behaviour of the impact damper system. As a case study, effect of using the impact damper systems on application of a 3R robot is investigated. In this investigation, the third link of robot is considered laterally flexible with respect to other lin ks. Effect iveness of using the impact dampers to suppress undesired vibration of robot arm is investigated with varying impact mass and gap size. Finally, the output force of the 3R robot tip with and without impact damper is co mpared. It is shown the impact damper can suppress undesired vibration of the robot arm and helps to improve application of the robot.


ABSTRACT The pre-therapeutic classification of comorbidity in chronic disease has been excessively broadened and distorted since A. R. Feinstein's initial definition of the concept in 1970. Examinations more often than not establish the 'comorbidity' of depression and anxiety, instead of looking for a common pathological core of the two conditions. The 'concurrence' of symptoms of depression and anxiety, which is indeed very frequent in clinical practice, would be a more acceptable concept. It is even stranger to talk about the comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia: the question is what constitutes the primary disorder in such a combination. Schizophrenia or affective disorders are also very often categorized as being comorbid with personality disorders, without taking into account the manifestation of some behavioural personality disorders as pre-conditions or a prodrome of more serious disorders. For the purposes of treatment, taking into consideration the comorbidity of mental disorders and somatic illnesses is of paramount importance. Here we can mention, for example, the comorbidity of schizophrenia and AIDS or tuberculosis, recurrent depression and cardiovascular disease or diabetes, generalized anxiety disorder and asthma. The cases of comorbidity of affective disorders and abuse of alcohol or other psychoactive substances seem to be more disputable, since affective disturbances very often provoke alcohol excesses or temporary drug abuse not necessarily leading to dependency.


We report the synthesis and characterisation of two new ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes containing monodentate ancillary ligands [Ru(L)4(4HEPIP)], where L = 4-aminopyridine (1) or pyridine (2) and 4HEPIP = 2-(4-hydroxy-3-ethoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10](phenanthroline). These complexes were characterised by elemental analysis and ultraviolet-visible, infrared, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The binding properties of the two complexes towards calf thymus (CT)-DNA were investigated with different spectrophotometric methods, viscosity measurements, and salt dependent studies. Experimental results indicated that the complexes interact with CT-DNA base pairs by intercalation. Upon irradiation at 365 nm, these complexes efficiently cleave pBR322 DNA from super coiled form I to nicked form II. Their cytotoxicity on different cancer cell lines such as A549, Du145, and HeLa was investigated. The IC50 values are 39.5, 28.3, and 27.3 μM for complex 1, and 55, 67.9, and 47.9 μM for complex 2 respectively. Cellular uptake and apoptosis induced by these complexes was also studied.


Daniel Susskind. 2020. A World Without Work: Technology, Automation and How We Should Respond. Penguin Books Limited, pp. 326, $49.50. ISBN: 9780241321096.


The present invention discloses a heavy caliber steel pipe detection method and device without blind area and changing probe. The steel pipe fault detecting process includes: setting two coils rotated at high speed with a rotating unit and two linear sensor arrays between the coils and parallel with the steel pipe axis, making the sensor arrays connected to signal amplifier rotate with the coils, passing the steel pipe through the rotating coils with current to produce rotating magnetic field while contacting the sensor arrays to the outer wall of the steel pipe to pick up magnetic signal of steel pipe wall, amplifying the signal in the amplifier and processing the signal in the computer for identification, control and maintenance. The present invention realizes high speed detection without blind area and need of changing probe.


The classical design focuses on beauty of form, and the modernistic design focuses on rational logics between form and function, while the post- modernistic design focuses on expressing context and architecture. All these in de-constructuralists' eyes are rational, and they advocat"e irrationalism", and strive to express alogical elements of conflict, disorder, fragmentation, form and function. Through the analysis of Jewish Museum in Berlin , the article opens out the cause of logical thought under the irrational phenomenon.


Literacy instruction and gender in colonial New England / F. Jennifer Monaghan -- Reading practices / Kate Flint -- Rereading the English common reader : a preface to a history of audiences / Jonathan Rose -- The English common reader : from Caxton to the eighteenth century / Richard Altick -- Interpreting the variorum / Stanley Fish -- Forgotten readers : recovering the lost history of African American literary societies / Elizabeth McHenry -- A feeling for books : the Book-of-the-Month Club, literary taste, and middle-class desire / Janice Radway -- The digital subject and cultural theory / Mark Poster -- Material matters : the past and futurology of the book / Paul Duguid -- Farewell to the information age / Geoffrey Nunberg.


Dear Editor, Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer and incidence is growing. MCC is often misdiagnosed at first presentation, so delaying effective therapy. It is most important that patients are staged properly at presentation so as to receive appropriate treatment. PET has been an incredibly important part of decisions made throughout my own journey with metastatic MCC since 2014. Melanoma sufferers get free access to PET. MCC is more aggressive, stage for stage, than melanoma. This study, using Australian data, provides new local evidence to add to the momentum to get publicly funded PETs for those with MCC. The authors are to be congratulated for the successful completion of this study.


Purpose

This study aims to investigate the influence of restaurant manager's emotional intelligence (EI) and manager support on service employees' attitudes and performance by applying affective event theory.

Design/methodology/approach

The multi-level research approach incorporates three different levels of analysis: employees' job satisfaction and service performance; manager's EI and support; and) restaurant unit level service under pressure. Data were collected from wait staff employed in full-service restaurants in the southeastern region of the USA. This research uses the hierarchical linear model to process the survey data.

Findings

The findings indicate that manager EI and support have a significant impact on employees' job satisfaction, and further leads to high levels of service performance. The moderating effect of service under pressure between leader's EI and employees' job satisfaction is not statistically significant.

Practical implications

Results suggest practical management implications to restaurant managers and frontline service employees. This study's research findings imply management training and development programs should help managers regulate their own and better understand service employees' emotions. Findings further highlight the important role manager support has upon employee's job satisfaction and frontline service performance.

Originality/value

The present study offers a comprehensive perspective to better understand the variation of employees' job satisfaction that arises from three different sources: between individuals, between teams and between restaurants. The findings also provide new insight into EI scale development.


This work was done to determine the biomarkers of genetic damage as a result of occupational exposure to many dangerous chemicals in car painting workshops. Fifty subjects were included in this workThey were divided into two groups; group I (11 = 25): workers exposed to painting substances in car painting workshops and group II ( n = 25 ): non exposed workers from the administrative staff in the same car painting workshops, who serves as a control. Blood samples were withdrawn and examined for chromosomal aberrations; lymphocyte micronucleus frequency and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) were peiformed. The results revealed significant increases in chromosomal aberrations (breaks and gaps), micronuclei frequency, and size of the comet tail and damage index of comet assay in the exposed group as compared with non-exposed group. Also, cells were scored visually in the comet assay into five classes from undamaged0 to maximally damaged-4. In conclusion, the study concluded that occupational exposure to automobile spray paiming substances leac/s to an increased risk of genetic damage. Also, chromosomal analysis to detect chromosomal aberrations, lymphocyte micronucleus assay to detect frequency of micronuclei and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) to detect DNA break are useful biomarkers for assessing the genotoxicity in exposed workers in car painting workshops. 41


A universal design procedure is presented for enhancing the low-frequency responses of loudspeakers ranging from handset microspeakers to subwoofers. This procedure aims at finding the optimal parameters of vented-box configurations using a systematic procedure based on vibration-absorber theory. By viewing the system as two coupled serial and parallel oscillators, a characteristic equation is derived for the vented-box system. A simulation platform is then established using electro-mechano-acoustical (EMA) analogous circuits. The electrical impedance and the on-axis sound pressure level (SPL) of the loudspeaker can be simulated by solving the loop equations of the analogous circuit. In order to facilitate the design process of such loudspeaker systems, a design chart is devised using the characteristic equation in deciding the parameters to deliver maximum output at the low-frequency end. In addition, a constrained optimization procedure is applied to maximize the acoustic output under the enclosure constraints. Simulations and experiments were undertaken to validate the resulting optimum design. Design guidelines are summarized.


Patients with internal carotid artery occlusions and highly impaired cerebrovascular reactivity have been identified as having an increased risk of stoke. It is still unclear, however, whether cerebral hemodynamics may be restored in the course of time by the development of collaterals. Methods During a 5-year period we assessed cerebrovascular reactivity in 452 carotid occlusions by transcranial Doppler CD2 testing. Ninety-eight patients could be reinvestigated at least once after 2 to 58 months (mean follow-up time, 26 months). Results On admission, patients with recent transient ischemic attack or stroke (≤3 months) as well as patients with contralateral carotid stenoses of 80% diameter reduction or greater and occlusions revealed a significantly higher incidence of impaired CD2 reactivity (P<.0001 and P<.01, respectively). During follow-up, 64% of the patients with no or minor contralateral carotid stenoses, but only 22% of the patients with bilateral carotid occlusions, showed a spontaneous improvement in cerebrovascular reactivity (P<.001), mainly during the first few months. In six of eight patients cerebral hemodynamics on the occluded side improved after endarterectomy of a contralateral high-grade carotid stenosis. Five of the patients who did not undergo surgery developed a stroke during follow-up, with three of them occurring in patients with permanently exhausted cerebrovascular reactivity. Conclusions In the majority of patients with carotid occlusions an initially impaired cerebrovascular reactivity improves spontaneously with time. This could influence therapeutic decisions: During the first few months antihypertensive treatment may be avoided in such cases until a reestablished reactivity can be demonstrated. If cerebral hemodynamics remain depleted, extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery or endarterectomy of an asymptomatic contralateral high-grade carotid stenosis could be helpful.


Digital controllers such as lead compensator, lag compensator, lead-lag compensator and predictive (proportional integral derivative) PID controllers are designed and implemented in VLSI with the help of Octtools set. The design is simulated making use of MUSA simulator and tested for its functionality. The design is fully functional and has made use of mixed point arithmetic for efficient operation. The controllers are certainly faster, because of their hardware implementation.<<ETX>>


The Actor model programming language concept, which provides basic building blocks for a wide variety of computational structures, is reviewed. The Actor model unifies objects and concurrency. Acto...


ABSTRACT The novel diastereomeric sulfonylamide derivatives 4a–h were synthesized by multi-component reactions between (l)-α-amino acids, 1, aromatic aldehydes, 2 and p-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide, 3 in water/methanol using nanosilica as a catalyst. The one-pot green reactions were carried out at room temperature with a quantitative yield in water/methanol. The yield of the reactions and products was determined and discussed. The reusablity of the catalyst is discussed.


To solve the difficulty in the deficiency of the semantic express in XML schema and RDF in the IEC 61850 and IEC 61970 criterion,the ontology web language OWL to build the semantic information model of SCL and CIM to intensify the ability of the semantic expressions were applied.By adopt the ontology mapping,the information sharing and interoperation between EMS and SAS could be converted to mapping between one application ontology and another,it could solve the problem of information sharing and interoperation effectively,and also foundation of building a uniform data platform for electric utilities.


The goal of this paper is to explain and improve the offshore oil storage trade observed in a contango market using a forward dynamic optimization strategy. The strategy is developed using trades in forward contracts and contrasted with the literature. By simulating forward prices based on realistic May 2009 market conditions, our strategy, when compared with selling the oil on the spot in a base case scenario, gains an extra US$8.99/barrel, which is comprised of US$6.19 generated by the initial forward maximization and US$2.80 achieved by the subsequent trades. The impact of the forward curve dynamics is studied by examining the trading decisions based on the realized slope and mean level of the forward curve. The path of the realized slope and stepwise changes in the slope are found to be able to explain most of the trading decisions. The effect of initial conditions, the frequency with which the position is readjusted and the storage cost are also examined. The optimal frequency depends on the storage cost. Friction is introduced into the problem by penalizing the refund of the storage cost when a decision to advance the short position in time is made, where its influence, which depends on the storage cost, is at most US$1.40.


Reflective type color display, comprising: a first electrode layer and the second electrode layer face each other; formed on the first electrode layer and the electrochromic material comprises an electrochromic layer, the electrochromic material according to voltage applied to its display color or becomes transparent or black; electrochromic layer in contact with the electrical and the electrolyte layer positioned between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; and disposed in the second a reflective layer on the electrode layer.


Widespread interest in the biology of the fibrinolytic system has developed with the recognition of the role of intravascular thrombosis in the pathogene sis of human disease. The therapeutic application of thrombolytic agents is a result of the rapid evolution of our understanding of the biochemistry and physiological importance of this system. In reviewing the regulation of tissue plasminogen activator expression, we emphasize the role of this system in thrombolysis and include within regulated expression the control of enzymatic activity. No attempt is made to review comprehensively the literature con cerning plasminogen, plasminogen activators, their respective inhibitors, or the array of biological processes in which these proteins are involved. Instead, the reader is referred to several prior reviews (13, 21, 26, 37, 78, 117) for detailed discussions of these topics. Fibrin forms the structural skeleton of a thrombus, and enzymatic degrada tion of fibrin by the serine protease plasmin is the basis of thrombolysis. Plasmin is derived from the inactive circulating zymogen plasminogen by specific proteolytic cleavage of the single-chain precursor to a disulfide linked, two-chain, catalytically active form in a process termed plasminogen activation. While several proteases are capable of activating plasminogen with low efficiency, specific plasminogen activators (PA) , urinary PA (u-PA) and tissue PA (t-PA), have been identified. Because of its high catalytic activity for the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin and the selectivity of this process for fibrin surfaces, t-PA appears to


The objective of the present work is reviewing the Meta-analysis for patient level technique. 3 regions for which Bernoulli Processes are observed are compared. The Likelihood Function of each sample is the main tool to build the implementation of the joint information of the sample of each group. This mixture likelihood may be more informative than the sufficient statistic whenever considering a solely parameter for each group. The motivation here is based on the work on wild animals when comparing cito-genetics end-points: Bueno et al. (2000) and Pereira et al. (2002). Although using the same numbers of those articles, we change the problem to the case of comparing regions respect to obesity status of students of high schools in the regions of study.


June 16, 1976 was a watershed year in the struggle for liberation and democracy in the history of South Africa. The country was plunged into anarchy and chaos, because of the unilateral decision of the apartheid regime to impose the Afrikaans language as a compulsory medium of instruction on the majority African student population.


The article examines the history of the formation and design activities of some of the most famous design studios in London, which have gained a reputation in Europe and other parts of the world — Wolf Olins, Minale Tattersfield, Fletcher Forbes Gill; thesocio-economic circumstances of the development of British design after the Second World War and the peculiarities of the design activity of these design studios are revealed; the most popular directions of work of these design studios are analyzed: the development of packaging for production and elements of corporate identity of private enterprises and state institutions


Consistent organization of higher education processes is important for students studying in the field of pre-service military education today to become mature professionals in accordance with the requirements of the period.  In general, the strong potential of future military educators in terms of physical, mental and logical thinking will be of great importance in the future development of this field.  This article focuses on the development of professional competencies of pre-service military students.


Partial programming is a field of study where users specify an outline or skeleton of a program, but leave various parts undefined. The undefined parts are then completed by an external mechanism to form a complete program. Adaptation-Based Programming (ABP) is a method of partial programming that utilizes techniques from the field of reinforcement learning (RL), a subfield of machine learning, to find good completions of those partial programs.
An ABP user writes a partial program in some host programming language. At various points where the programmer is uncertain of the best course of action, they include choices that non-deterministically select amongst several options. Additionally, users indicate program success through a reward construct somewhere in their program. The resulting non-deterministic program is completed by treating it as an equivalent RL problem and solving the problem with techniques from that field. Over repeated executions, the RL algorithms within the ABP system will learn to select choices at various points that maximize the reward received.
This thesis explores various aspects of ABP such as the semantics of different implementations, including different design trade-offs encountered with each approach. The goal of all approaches is to present a model for programs that adapt to their environment based on the points of uncertainty within the program that the programmer has indicated.
The first approach presented in this work is an implementation of ABP as a domain-specific language embedded within a functional language. This language provides constructs for common patterns and situations that arise in adaptive programs. This language proves to be compositional and to foster rapid experimentation with different adaptation methods (e.g. learning algorithms). A second approach presents an implementation of ABP as an object-oriented library that models adaptive programs as formal systems from the field of RL called Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). This approach abstracts away many of the details of the learning algorithm from the casual user and uses a fixed learning algorithm to control the program adaptation rather than allowing it to vary. This abstraction results in an easier-to-use library, but limits the scenarios that ABP can effectively be used in. Moreover, treating adaptive programs as MDPs leads to some unintuitive situations where seemingly reasonably programs fail to adapt efficiently. This work addresses this problem with algorithms that analyze the adaptive program's structure and data flow to boost the rate at which these problematic adaptive programs learn thus increasing the number of problems that ABP can effectively be used to solve.
This work demonstrates a powerful new model for writing adaptive computer programs, and seamlessly integrates advanced RL technologies into general-purpose programming languages.


2 DECLARATION 3 TABLE
  OF
  CONTENTS 4 FIGURE
  LIST 7 TABLE
  LIST ERROR!
  BOOKMARK
  NOT
  DEFINED. ABBREVIATIONS 10 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 12 CHAPTER
  1

  INTRODUCTION 13 1.1.
  Membrane
  transport
  mechanism 14 1.2.
  Secondary
  Active
  membrane
  transport 16 1.3.
  Alternating
  access
  model 17 1.4.
  Bile
  acids
  and
  the
  Enterohepatic
  circulation
   22 1.5.
  Transporters
  in
  Enterohepatic
  circulation
   27 1.5.1.
  Hepatocyte
  cell 27 1.5.2.
  Ileum
  cell 29 1.6.
  SLC10
  family 30 1.7.
  Aim
  of
  this
  study 32 CHAPTER
  2
  BIOCHEMICAL
  AND
  BIOPHYSICAL
  METHODS 40 2.1.
  Membrane
  protein
  crystallography 41 2.1.1.
  Crystallography 42 2.1.2.
  Crystallization
  in
  detergent 44 2.1.2.
  Lipidic
  cubic
  phase
  method
  of
  crystallisation
   45 2.2.
  Isothermal
  Titration
  Calorimetry
  (ITC) 47 2.3.
  Microscale
  Thermophoresis
  (MST) 48 2.4.
  Circular
  Dichroism
  (CD) 49 2.5.
  Transport
  assays 50 CHAPTER
  3
  METHODS 52 3.1.
  Expression
  and
  Purification 53 3.1.1.
  Mutants
  preparation 53 3.1.2.
  Preparation
  of
  competent
  cells 56 3.1.3.
  Transformation 56 3.1.4.
  Small
  scale
  expression
  screening
  of
  ASBTNM
  mutants
   57 3.1.5.
  Fluorescence
  Size
  Exclusion
  Chromatography
   58 3.1.6.
  Large
  Scale
  Expression
  and
  Membrane
  Preparation
   59 3.1.7.
  Solubilisation
  and
  Purification 60 3.2.
  Biochemical
  methods 61 3.2.1.
  Whole
  Cell
  Assay
  (Radio
  labeled
  substrate)
   61


Objective:To analyze the clinical data of giving Shenmai injection on the basis of conventional therapy when patients occur the hypotension in the hemodialysis process,and to exploring the role of Shenmai injection in improving the adequacy of the hemodialysis process with hypotension.Methods:Comparative analysis of 30 cases of hypotension during hemodialysis in patients with Shenmai injection treatment and its outstanding use of Shenmai injection of dialysis treatment in the data,and clinical analysis of its role.Results:Shenmai injection treatment group can increase blood pressure(P0.05) and KT/V values(P0.01) of patients occur the hypotension in the hemodialysis process.Conclusion:ShenMai injection can improve the adequacy of the hemodialysis process with hypotension.


At present, most link prediction algorithms are based on the similarity between two entities. Social network topology information is one of the main sources to design the similarity function between entities. But the existing link prediction algorithms do not apply the network topology information sufficiently. For lack of traditional link prediction algorithms, we propose two improved algorithms: CNGF algorithm based on local information and KatzGF algorithm based on global information network. For the defect of the stationary of social network, we also provide the link prediction algorithm based on nodes multiple attributes information. Finally, we verified these algorithms on DBLP data set, and the experimental results show that the performance of the improved algorithm is superior to that of the traditional link prediction algorithm.


1,2,4-Triazines, pyridazines, and α-pyrones activated with electron-withdrawing groups were found to react with cyclo-octa-1,5-diene by intermolecular Diels–Alder addition followed by extrusion of nitrogen or carbon dioxide; the resulting 2-aza-1,3-dienes or 1,3-dienes then undergo intramolecular ring-closure reactions to produce novel cage compounds.


L-Glutaminase, an amidohydrolase enzyme has been a choice of interest in the treatment of leukaemia since the discovery of its anti-tumour properties. Because it is a potent anti leukemic agent and a flavor-enhancing agent used in the food industry, many researchers have focused their attention on L-glutaminase. L-Glutaminase is majorly produced by micro organisms including bacteria, yeast and fungi. In the present study, production of L-Glutaminase from fungi, Aspergillus wentii was reported. Solid state fermentation was followed in the study for the enzyme production using different agro-industrial by products which include coconut oil cake, sesame oil cake, groundnut oil cake and neem oil cake. Out of them potential substrates were screened and used as mixed substrate. Mixed substrate was selected by mixing coconut oil cake and sesame oil cake in different compositions. The best composition, 1.25gm coconut oil cake and 3.75gm sesame oil cake was selected. Effect of process parameters namely temperature, pH, incubation time, moisture content, inoculum volume on enzyme production was investigated. Also effect of supplementary carbon sources, nitrogen sources, metal ions and glutamine concentration was studied and their optimum conditions were determined. The organism produced high levels of enzyme at an optimum temperature of 28C and optimum pH 7.0, after 120h of incubation with 40% inoculum volume and 50% moisture content. Enhanced production was obtained on addition of 1% W/V D-glucose, peptone, magnesium sulphate and 1% W/W glutamine as supplements which showed an increase to four folds. Using this optimized media components and parameters; the L-Glutaminase activity 496U/gds was obtained.


The drama of community service by universities is often connoted as an activity of providing free assistance and services to community groups who are weak, economically incapable, and are in a state of backwardness. Such connotations are the result of an error in interpreting the term "devotion". limited as a "selfless activity". In fact, the activities of providing assistance and services are only one form of community service activities by universities, and do not always have to be done free of charge. In addition, all components of higher education organizations can carry out this community service dharma, because the implementation of this dharma is not only the duties and obligations of functional institutions such as the Community Service Institute which has been specially formed by universities. Lecturers (either individually or in groups), Laboratories, Departments, and Research Centers, can also carry out them according to the form of relevant service activities.


The article considers the problem of the rational use of aquatic biological resources in the modern fishing process, which can be partially solved by the complex processing of hydrobionts, the by-catch being underutilized. Gobies or sculpins make about 22% of the by-catch in the catch of commercial fish species in the Far Eastern fishery basin. It is a promising fishing object, the biological value of which was studied earlier and proved in the recent studies. Despite the available reserves, gobies are not used for developing the food products or feed flour. The frequent reasons for low demand for products from such non-commercial raw materials can be: the lack of modern data on the chemical composition of the edible part, data on biological safety, methods of technological processing of raw materials and technology for obtaining food products. There are presented the study results on the size, mass and technological characteristics of Far Eastern stag-horn sculpin belonging to gobies Cottidae Gymnocanthus (Gymnocanthus Herzensteini). There is shown the relationship between the fish mass and the mass of muscle tissue, between the fish length and weight, and the fish weight and mass of the head. The yield of secondary raw materials (heads, entrails, bones, fins) has been determined. Based on the conducted chemical analysis, it was found out that Far Eastern staghorn sculpin belongs to the protein species of fish (19%) with a low lipid content (up to 2%). For the first time, the amino acid and fatty acid composition of proteins and lipids of fish muscle tissue has been investigated. It has been stated that the muscle tissue contains all essential amino acids, the rate of which is more than 100%. The objective indicators of the biological value of muscle tissue proteins were determined: the coefficients of difference between the amino acid rate, utility of amino acids, protein-water and lipid-protein coefficients were calculated. The content of macro- and micro-elements has been studied. It was inferred that the maximum permissible concentration of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead do not exceed the maximum permissible level.


Regardless of the numerous causes, children fear the dentist for a variety of reasons, including parental unpreparedness, community influences, previous medical or dental experiences, previous dental settings, injections, dental materials, drill sounds, dental staff, and socioeconomic concerns. Conventionally, the carious tissue is removed using a local anesthetic, rubber dams, and rotational handpieces and it is preferred by the majority of dentists. Traditionally, the dental procedures are unpleasant for youngsters, therefore they avoid them. To evaluate the retention of zinc-reinforced glass ionomer cement (ZRGIC) in primary molars by sealing the carious tissue (SoCT) using the finger pressure technique in uncooperative children. Only healthy, uncooperative children with occlusal carious lesions on primary molars were involved in the study. The study did not include any children who had symptoms from a primary molar carious lesion. The ZRGIC was used by finger pressure technique to seal the occlusal carious lesion in the primary molars. The children were called back for assessments semiannually (6 months) and annually (12 months). Success and failure rates were compared based on molar tooth type and arch type. The SPSS (21.0) was used for the analysis, and the significance level was set at a 5% level of probability with a 95% confidence interval. A total of 108 children aged 5.3±0.6 years with 265 primary molars and no signs or symptoms were available for evaluation in the study. After 6-month and 1-year follow-ups, the ZRGIC-created finger pressure approach for sealing carious tissues showed a high retention rate of 98.5% and 95.5%, respectively.


Membrane temperature field of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has been visualized experimentally. PEFCs need further breakthrough for deployment in the market. One of the major issues is the temperature management of the polymer membrane and the whole cell that strongly govern system performance through electrochemical reactions, ion transport, water management, and gas supply. The temperature field of the membrane, however had not been visualized due to the cell configuration. In our experiment, the thermography technique is applied to visualize an operating test cell. Despite the unique configuration, measured i-V characteristics guarantee the cell performance. The visualization results revealed several important characteristics that help us understanding the physics and suggest design knowledge. One major result is the existence of so called a hot spot. The membrane does have a temperature distribution, and a local temperature maximum may exceed the membrane design limitation. This trend, of course, is not favorable for design purposes. Also, the impact of the major operation parameters, such as current density humidification, and gas flow configuration, have been clearly exhibited. The experimental results are examined by using the results of our previously developed numerical code. The code includes the conjugate nature of the electrochemical reaction and the heat and mass transport processes. By comparing the experiment and the calculation, the mechanisms of the hot-spot generation and the parameter dependence have been explained. The results revealed the physics and suggested essential design criteria.


Two sweeping generalizations can be made about most natural systems: They are intrinsically nonlinear and they operate in noisy environments. Examples abound, ranging from weather systems to oscillating chemical reactions to the movements of an eel. The most complex example is arguably the human central nervous system, flooded as it is with the "noise" of modern life.


The problem of voltage stability is becoming a more acute and indispensable topic given the major and sensitive role it plays in the electrical system. It can be considered a major factor in the initiation of blackouts around the world. Hence, the need for reliable and fast tools to detect and control the approach of instability points throughout the network, namely, voltage stability indices and flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices for the control and management of the electrical network. In this paper, an update on the existing blackouts in the world has been presented. Based on the brief overview of the most significant definitions of voltage stability presented in this work, a new definition of voltage stability has been proposed. A detailed comparative study on voltage stability analysis methods has been conducted. Furthermore, an exhaustive discussion on the various voltage stability indices and FACTS devices existing in the literature with their contribution to voltage stability prediction and improvement has been proposed.


Background: Spiramycin (Rovamycin) is a well‐established macrolide antibiotic with good anti‐Helicobacter pylori activity in vitro. It is acid‐stable and found in high concentration in various body fluids and cells after oral administration. Its anti‐H. pylori activity in vivo has not yet been tested.


This paper argues that mainstream economic theory, far from providing an indisputable plea in favor of shareholder value-maximization, offers striking arguments showing quite the opposite : profit-maximization cannot be a legitimate goal for private firms. This opens the door for a widening of a company's goal. We argue that it should include the concern of all the stakeholders of a company, and cannot be adequately addressed uniquely by Pigouvian taxes or by property rights. Coming to terms with this broad understanding of a company's goal should imply the internalization of the stakeholders' concern within the legal structure of the firm -- as in the case of the SCIC in France or the CIC in the UK.


Despite the importance of sexuality to overall quality of life and well-being for individuals with disabilities, occupational therapy practitioners continue to under-address this issue. One possibility for the lack of attention in this area is the comfort and knowledge level of practitioners. In their seminal work, Payne, Greer, and Corbin (1988) surveyed occupational therapy programs in the United States in an effort to identify the amount of sexuality education provided. This study was aimed at identifying current trends in the provision of sexuality education for occupational therapy students. Despite the nearly 30-year gap in this area of research, and the societal changes related to sexuality, findings suggest that there has been little advancement in the area of sexuality in occupational therapy curricula. Implications for occupational therapy practice and future education are discussed. Comments The authors report no conflicts of interest to disclose.


Abstract This study examined the oil adsorption performance of discarded yak hair and wool, which may provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of discarded yak hair in oil-adsorbing materials. The saturated oil adsorption ratio was tested, and the effects of fiber packing density, ambient temperature and oil types on fiber saturated oil adsorption ratio were evaluated. The experimental results show that the fiber packing density and oil types have a greater impact on the value of the saturated oil adsorption ratio of the fiber, and the ambient temperature has a little effect on the value of the saturated oil adsorption ratio. The lower the packing density, the higher the saturated oil adsorption ratio is. When the packing density is 0.1 g per 27 cm3, the saturated oil adsorption ratio reaches the highest. Among different oil types, the higher the oil viscosity, the higher the saturated oil adsorption ratio is. The higher the temperature, the lower saturated oil adsorption is. When the ambient temperature is 10 °C, the saturated oil adsorption ratio reaches the highest. Fiber fineness and surface scale frequency affect the specific surface area of the fiber. The average fineness of discarded yak hair is less than wool and the scale frequency is greater than that of wool, so yak hair fiber has a larger specific surface area. Under the same experimental conditions, the oil adsorption capacity of yak hair is better than that of wool.


Abstract This article argues that law courses in the field of Communication have undergone three stages of development, and that the law sequence is now approaching a fourth stage: Cyberlaw. Cyberlaw is important in two respects: as a concrete area of law and because of its influence in establishing the rules for the Internet to unfold. This article examines three problems that Cyberlaw raises: Regulation, Translation, and Jurisdiction. It concludes that Cyblerlaw will involve dealing with a broader range of issues than communication law scholars have previously confronted, and that Cyberlaw will expand the intellectual boundaries of present-day communication law far beyond its current parameters.


The use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to discriminate between uninfested seeds of Picea abies (L.) Karst and seeds infested with Plemeliella abietina Seitn (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) larva is sensitive to seed origin and year of collection. Five seed lots collected during different years from Sweden, Finland, and Belarus were used in this study. Initially, seeds were classified as infested or uninfested with X-radiography, and then, NIR spectra from single seeds were collected with a NIR spectrometer from 1100 to 2498 nm with a resolution of 2 nm. Discriminant models were derived by partial least squares regression using raw and orthogonal signal corrected spectra (OSC). The resulting OSC model developed on a pooled data set was more robust than the raw model and resulted in 100% classification accuracy. Once irrelevant spectral variations were removed by using OSC pretreatment, single-lot calibration models resulted in similar classification rates for the new samples irrespective of origin and year o...


This paper evaluates the applicability of different shifting techniques for constructing complex modulus master curves using the time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP). A database of complex modulus results of unmodified bitumens, polymer modified bitumens (PMBs), bitumen-filler mastics, unaged and aged bitumens was used together with a Generalized Logistic Sigmoidal Model to assess the validity of seven different shifting approaches. Except for the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees (LCPC) method, the construction of master curves was done using the Generalised Logistic Sigmoidal Model and non-linear least squares regression optimization with the aid of the Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet Solver function. The goodness-of-fit for the various shifting techniques and functions was assessed through graphical and statistical methods. From the study, it was found that a numerical shift approach using non-linear least squares produced the best fit between experimental and predicted data in terms of both graphical and goodness-of-fit statistics. The ranking of the other shifting techniques consisted of the LCPC approach, followed by the William, Landel and Ferry (WLF), Modified Kaelble, Viscosity Temperature Susceptibility (VTS), Arrhenius and Log-Linear methods. However, most of the equations are basically empirical and they are not expected to be strictly obeyed by any materials. Discrepancies were still evident, even for the better functions, for those materials that demonstrated a deviation from the thermorheological simplicity of the rheological behaviour as found for highly structured bitumens following high degrees of polymer modification and/or oxidative ageing.


In this paper, we study different methods of solving joint redundancy-availability optimization for series-parallel systems with multi-state components. We analyzed various effective factors on system availability in order to determine the optimum number and version of components in each sub-system and consider the effects of improving failure rates of each component in each sub-system and improving reliability of each sub-system. The target is to determine optimum values of all variables for improving the availability level and decreasing the total cost of the system. At first, the exact values of variables are determined using a mathematical model; then, the results of SAParallel, VDO-Parallel and genetic algorithms are compared with the exact solution.


http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.028 0191-8869/ 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. q This study was funded by Grants from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) and the Fonds Québécois de Recherche sur la Société et la Culture (FQRSC) to Richard Koestner. Marina Milyavskaya was also supported by a fellowship from SSHRC. ⇑ Corresponding author at: Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 1Y2, Canada. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (M. Milyavskaya). 1 Current address: Department of Psychology, Grenfell campus, Memorial University. Marina Milyavskaya a,b,⇑, Daniel Nadolny , Richard Koestner d


The traditional L-type filter is widely replaced by LCL and LLCL type filters because of its high cost and poor filtering performance. In view of the excellent filter performance of the latter, this paper studies the performance of LCL and LLCL filters from the aspects of filtering performance and passive damping resonance suppression, and makes a comparative study. LCL and LLCL filters have different advantages and disadvantages in different harmonic bands. In this paper, four kinds of passive damping resonant suppression strategies are adopted. The theoretical and simulation experiments show that the four passive damping methods are effective .The resonant resistance of the device has played a suppression effect, in which putting the filter Capacitance and resistance in series and paralleling the network side inductance with resistance method are better, resonant suppression effect is outstanding. In this paper, through the design of specific parameters, experimental simulation, verify the correctness of the proposed conclusions. Introduction In recent years, with the development of distributed power generation technology, the grid inverter has been widely concerned. As a DC-AC conversion device, the inverter will produce high harmonics at its switching frequency due to the application of high frequency modulation technology. Filter links need to be added to filter it, to ensure that the inverter output current could meet the grid-connected requirements and the total harmonic distortion (THD) is less than 5%. LCL and LLCL filters are widely used in practical engineering because of their excellent filtering performance. In [1], the effects of current sampling frequency and different sampling positions on the current loop stability are studied. A method is proposed to improve the frequency characteristics of the system by using the digital delay of the sampling frequency control system, which makes the system stable. In [2], the harmonic current suppression method of the PWM converter under harmonic is proposed. Based on the different structural characteristics and resonant characteristics of LCL and LLCL filters, the filtering properties of LCL and LLCL filters in different frequency bands are compared. In this paper, the method of passive damping is used to increase the damping of the system to achieve the effect of resonance suppression due to the complexity of the active damping control structure and the reliability of the resonance suppression[3]. In this paper, four different passive damping methods are used, and the effect of resonance suppression is studied. Filter Characteristics of LCL, LLCL filters In this case we consider the use of filters to filter out the higher harmonics into the grid. There are several commonly used filters: L-type filter, LC-type filter, LCL-type filter and LLCL-type filter. LCL and LLCL-type filters are widely used for their excellent high-frequency filtering performance. LCL filter open loop transfer function and LLCL filter open loop transfer function:


The aim of this work is to study the behavior of reflection of a longitudinal wave at a free surface of dissipative half-space under the effects of compressive initial stresses. When a longitudinal wave is incident on the free surface of an elastic dissipative half-space, two damped waves (Primarywaves and secondary waves are reflected. Among of these waves, P-waves are affected by compressional initial stresses. The governing equation and corresponding closed-form solutions are derived based on Biot's incremental deformation theory. The equations of motion are solved analytically and the influence of initial stress parameter on the reflection coefficient of P-wave incidents at the free surface of dissipative half-space is studied in detail. Numerical computations are performed for actual Earth crust and the results analyzing the incident of longitudinal waves are discussed and presented graphically. The analytical solutions and numerical results reveal that the compressive initial stress parameter has notable effects on the reflection coefficient of longitudinal wave incidents on the free surface of dissipative medium. In addition, it has been observed that the presence of compressive initial stresses increases the phase velocity of the longitudinal waves. To the authors' best knowledge, effects of compressive initial stresses on the reflection coefficients of the incident longitudinal wave on a free surface of dissipative half-space have not been studied before. Since the actual Earth is subject to initial stresses due to different resources, understanding the influences of compressive initial stresses on the reflection coefficient of a longitudinal wave helps seismologists and earthquake engineers to get accurate results of the reflection coefficients of seismic waves propagation in the Earth. Thus, the present study would be useful for seismology and earthquake engineering fields and further study about the nature of seismic waves.


This report summarizes current status of an R&D program to develop a focusing system for the front end of a superconducting RF linac. Superconducting solenoids will be used as focusing lenses in the low energy accelerating sections of the front end. The development of focusing lenses for the first accelerating section is in the production stage, and lens certification activities are in preparation at FNAL. The report contains information about the focusing lens design and performance, including solenoid, dipole corrector, and power leads, and about cryogenic system design and performance. It also describes the lens magnetic axis position measurement technique and discusses scope of an acceptance/certification process.


Primary immunodeficiency is one of the reasons for the development of primary multiple malignant tumors.
The aim of the study is to examine the levels of certain hormones and their receptors in the tissue and peritumoral area of B16/F10 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in case of isolated and combined subcutaneous growth in female mice with T-cell immunodeficiency.
Materials and Methods. BALB/c Nude mice were divided into groups: intact group; 2 control groups (Group 1 with B16/F10 subcutaneous inoculation, Group 2 with LLC subcutaneous inoculation); main group (animals with LLC+B16/F10 inoculation). The ELISA method was used to determine the levels of free testosterone (Tf.), estrone (E1), prolactin (PRL), estrogen receptors (REα and REβ), androgen receptors (RA) and progesterone receptors (RP4) (Cassabio, China). Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out on a personal computer using STATISTICA 10.0, parametric Student's test and nonparametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.
Results. In the main group, life expectancy reduced due to melanoma growth by 1.8 times and LLC decrease by 2.3 times. In animals with LLC+B16/F10, compared to those with an only one tumor growth variant, estrone level in tumors decreased, but free testosterone level increased. Melanoma growth in animals with LLC+B16/F10 was accompanied by an increase in prolactin level and some sex steroid receptors in the tumor tissue, its peritumoral area, and skin not affected by the malignant process. A decrease of Lewis carcinoma in females of the main group was accompanied by a decrease of all the studied receptors and hormones both in the tumor and its peritumoral area.
Conclusions. Melanoma growth is probably associated with a high prolactin level and sex steroid receptors in unaffected skin, being a source of melanocytes, the cells from which this tumor develops.


Metalladiazamacrocycles, coordination driven potential supramolecular host systems, can be obtained via cyclic linkages of the metal ions and the bridging ligands, N-acylsalicylhydrazides. The nuclearity and the shape of the metallamacrocycles could be modulated by controlling the steric interactions caused by N-acyl tails of the ligands. The macrocycles could be utilized for recognition of small organic guest molecules using their hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, the size and shape/symmetry of the cavities. In addition, these macrocycles can be used as the supramolecular building blocks for the construction of systematically tuned metal-organic frameworks since these clusters have several replaceable solvent sites which could serve as connecting nodes for the formaton of network structures.


Gas turbines utilizing modified aircraft jet engines are successfully providing shaft power for three vital services in oil production operations in the Libyan Sahara Desert. Each of three trains of high-pressure compressors in gas injection service is powered by twin jet engines exhausting to a double-flow double-ended expansion turbine. Packaged single jet engine/expander combinations are the drivers for two low-pressure gas compressor trains in the LPG plants and for three electric generators. The remote location placed heavy emphasis on reliability and ease of maintenance in the selection of this equipment. This machinery has demonstrated its ability to perform satisfactorily under the punishing conditions required by these operations.Copyright © 1973 by ASME


Objective:To apply 1HNMR spectroscopic analysis and principal components analysis(PCA) for investigating the fluctuation of metabolites between hydrocortisone-induced kidney deficiency syndrome(Shenxu Zheng) rats and the normal rats.Methods:Using 1HNMR based metabolic profiling and PCA,we investigated the difference of urine metabolites between the normal rats and rats with hydrocortisone-induced kidney deficiency syndrome.We also explained the changes of the related metabolic pathway or metabolic network.Results:The changes following hydrocortisone intervention of rats could be identified by PCA,and the kidney deficiency syndrome rats entered a state of "hyperfunction",involving a series of changes in metabolic pathway and metabolic network.The response integral area of lactic acid(δ 1.37) increased,indicating the accumulation of metabolites of lactic acid.The amount of dimethylamine(δ 2.72) also increased,indicating that the disorder of kidney function was related to kidney-deficiency syndrome.The response of creatinine(δ 3.87),asparaginic acid(δ 2.83),taurine(δ 3.44,3.28),and hippurate(δ 7.84,7.56,7.64,3.97) all decreased significantly,indicating that the hydrocortisone might cause adrenal cortex excretion injury.The response integral area of succinate(δ 2.41) and citric acid(δ 2.53,2.68) decreased,which was usually caused by disorder of the mitochondrial function.Conclusion:It is suggested that the metabonomic approach can be used to investigate the pathophysiological changes under certain physiopathologic conditions.This study provides evidence for understanding "Shenxu Zheng"(kidney deficiency syndrome) in traditional Chinese medicine and for diagnosis and therapy of such diseases.


In today's global competitive environment, investors need reliable and quality information when making decisions. The auditor submits his / her opinion about the financial situation of the related company with a report by auditing the financial information prepared and presented by the customer in the light of certain criteria. The success of the decisions taken on the basis of these reports depends on the quality of the information presented in these reports. The need for quality information has increased the importance of quality in independent auditing. Quality in independent audit can only be ensured by independent auditors who displays a high level of occupational commitment, pays attention to their role as an auditor and remain impartial during the audit process. The aim of this study is to determine whether the field of activity of the audit firm constitutes a difference in the level of occupational commitment of the auditor and quality perception level in the audit. In the study, firstly, the concepts of quality and occupational commitment in independent auditing were discussed, and then a questionnaire was applied to independent auditors performing active auditing duties by face to face interview method. The data obtained are analyzed by the t-test.


The paper introduces the concept of "SADC on the move" as an alternative way to tackling transport growth and development deficits in the region. The paper further discusses transport challenges in the Southern African development community. Making use of combined experience and knowledge drawn from working in the region for over 50 years, the authors sketch the existing situation and highlight transport deficiencies slowing the transport sector growth and development sectors. Key intervention areas to facilitate "SADC on the move" as a concept are presented. At the same time potential obstacles and hurdles impeding and impacting on the failure by SADC to move towards greater regional competitiveness, integration and prosperity are discussed. Some options and alternatives regarding "moving SADC" towards better and more efficient transportation systems are presented. The growing challenge is to upgrade, construct and structure a transportation network that is amenable to anchoring seamless transportation in the region and by extension in Africa. The theme of an integrated SADC and by extension Africa is at the centre of this discussion.


This report discusses the federal debt, which quintupled from FY1980 to
FY1995 and went from 26% to 50% of GDP. The report examines changing ideas in regards to what segment of the population most feels the effects of growing government debt, and how its effects manifest.


Abstract: The observed collapse of demographic pyramid increases the tension on the social security systems, especially pensions. It implies a requirement to extend the retirement age. On the basis of Eurobarometer 65.1 we calculate difference between expected and preferred retirement age in Poland. Then we show the determinants of individual differences. Particular attention is paid to the problem of non-random missing observations. Keywords: retirement decisions, ageing INTRODUCTION Within the last 25 years almost all of the countries in Central and Eastern Europe have experienced economic system transition. The centrally planned economies nearly collapsed and therefore hedging future pensioners was almost impossible. Additionally pension systems were based on assumption of stable demographical structure of societies. The so called Pay As You Go systems (defined benefit systems) use the property of similar inflows and outflows of the systems which allows for funding the pension system from general revenues [Gora, 2003]. Currently CEE countries face worsening demographic dependency ratio. The populations are aging  life expectancy grows faster than in the rest of Europe and additionally fertility ratios are significantly lower. Without sufficient reforms it would lead either to tax increase or lower replacement rate. Part of the solution is reduction of sector privileges, increase of labour market participation and discouragement of older people to exit the labour market. This leads to the questions which we try to answer in this article, that is what type of people are more willing to work longer? What are the features of people staying on the labour


Abstract. In order to construct solutions of the braid equation we consider bijective left non-degenerate set-theoretic type solutions, which correspond to regular q-cycle coalgebras. We obtain a partial classification of the different q-cycle coalgebra structures on the dual coalgebra of K[y]/〈y〉, the truncated polynomial algebra. We obtain an interesting family of involutive q-cycle coalgebras which we call Standard Cycle Coalgebras. They are parameterized by free parameters {p1, ..., pn−1} and in order to verify that they are compatible with the braid equation, we have to verify that certain differential operators ∂ on formal power series in two variables K[[x, y]] satisfy the condition (∂G)i = (∂ G)j for all i, j, where G is a formal power series associated to the given q-cycle coalgebra. It would be interesting to find out the relation of these operators with the operators given by Yang in the context with 2-dimensional quantum field theories, which was one of the origins of the Yang-Baxter equation.


The δ18O range in Globigerinoides rubra fossils in a Sigsbee knoll core indicates a temperature range of about 5°C for the Gulf of Mexico during the Pleistocene age. By use of the empirically determined temperature dependence of δ13C of photosynthetically fixed carbon and by use of observed values for various sediment cores, a temperature range up to 35°C is suggested. A greater contribution of terrestrially derived light organic carbon during the cold relative to the warm periods may explain the anomalous carbon-isotope-derived paleotemperature range for the Gulf of Mexico.


The running situation of D5MC centrifuge jointly studied and manufactured by Chongqing Jiangbei Machinery Co.,Ltd. and French Jianna Company is introduced as well as problems occurring during production.Improvement measures are proposed.


In the last two decades, the permanent magnet linear machines (PMLM) which could directly realize linear movement without any additional transmission mechanisms converting the rotary motion into linear motion, are widely applied in various linear motion systems. Although PMLM shows the advantages of high efficiency, high positioning accuracy and good controllability, the relative low cost-efficiency of the PMLM is a big barrier for long stroke applications. Unlike the rotary electrical machine, the linear electrical machine shows a unique geometric feature in different stator and mover lengths. Normally, the minimum length of the stator equals the sum of the mover length and the stroke. As a consequence, both the moving-coil PMLM and the moving-magnet PMLM are not cost-efficient for long stroke applications due to the high cost of the long stator which may consume an extensive amount of permanent magnets (PM) or copper.


Influences of carbon sources, sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose and sorbitol on shoot proliferation of strawberry were compared at relatively wide range of concentrations (0-120 g l). For each sugar added, the highest number of buds and shoots was formed at concentration of 30 g l. Lower and higher concentration of sugars minimized number of buds and shoots particularly at concentrations of 0 and 120 g l. The highest number of buds (5.0) and shoots (2.4) occurred on sucrosecontaining medium, whereas sorbitol produced the lowest number of buds and shoots. In the present study, it seems that sorbitol was not the recommended sugar for strawberry proliferation media over the whole concentration range. Fructose tended to produce cultures with less compact and large shoots compared with the other sugars. Tissues grown on medium supplemented with 90 and 120 g l concentration showed red and white pigmentations with no signs of buds possibly due to osmotic stress.


In this letter, a monostatic and cochannel simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) antenna with identical circularly polarized radiations of transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) channels is designed using a thin single-layer substrate. Four concentrically arranged microstrip radiating elements are properly excited by two sets of feeding networks: the feeding network of transmitting antenna (FNT) and the feeding network of receiving antenna (FNR). To fit FNT and FNR into the same plane, the FNR consists of a compact sequential-phase structure placed at the center of the antenna, while the FNT is aligned along the side with a planar crossover junction armed. Two vital techniques, orthogonal feeding points and leakage signal cancellation based on feeding networks, are utilized for satisfactory isolation level between the TX and RX ports. The experiment results demonstrate an isolation at least 41 dB and up to 54 dB, an axial ratio better than 1.7 dB, and a realized gain of 7.2 ∼ 10.5 dBic in the 2.4 GHz WLAN band. Our design scheme may overcome the profile and cost limitations of bulky multilayered STAR antennas, and thus portends potential for the highly integrated inband duplex systems.


Anhanguerids are a particular group of pterodactyloid pterosaurs, characterized mainly by their rostral sagittal crests, well laterally expanded jaw tips and enlarged anterior teeth. Due to the fragmentary nature of most known specimens, including holotypes, the taxonomy of the group has proved particularly difficult and controversial. Coloborhynchinae is a recently proposed clade within the Anhangueridae, and was defined as the most inclusive clade containing Coloborhynchus clavirostris but not Anhanguera or Ludodactylus. Coloborhynchinae was originally thought to include Coloborhynchus, Uktenadactylus, and Siroccopteryx. Here we present a reassessment of the taxonomy and phylogeny of all proposed members of the Coloborhynchinae and Coloborhynchus complex, with new anatomical comparisons and a novel phylogenetic analysis. Several features allow us to establish that coloborhynchines were much more diverse than previously thought, englobing four genera and seven species: Aerodraco sedgwickii gen. et comb. nov., Coloborhynchus clavirostris, Nicorhynchus capito gen. et comb. nov., Nicorhynchus fluviferox gen. et comb. nov., Uktenadactylus rodriguesae sp. nov., and Uktenadactylus wadleighi. Nicorhynchus and Uktenadactylus are considered sister taxa, being distinct on the basis of several rostral characters. Although with a homoplastic flat rostrum surface, Siroccopteryx was recovered out of the Coloborhynchinae, as sister taxon of Tropeognathus, due to similarities on the palatal ridge (which is broad and deep, and starting at the same level) and the relatively stout teeth compared to other anhanguerids. Tropeognathus and Siroccopteryx are further related to the Australian taxa Ferrodraco and Mythunga, which are all grouped in a new clade: the Tropeognathinae. Our analysis suggests that morphological evolution within anhanguerids was quite more complex than previously thought, with coloborhynchines representing the oldest recorded lineage of Anhangueridae, which achieved a worldwide distribution at least from the Aptian to the Cenomanian.


Groove shape effect on wear behavior in PTFE radial bearings under rolling contact fatigue (RCF) was investigated. RCF tests in water-lubricated conditions were carried out at different loads and rotation speeds. The groove surfaces after testing were observed by using a laser confocal microscope and a two-dimensional shape measurement sensor. It was found that PTFE bearings under RCF generate wear debris, however no cracking or flaking failure could be observed. It is concluded that groove deformation depend on load rather than rotation speed. The biggest changes in groove profiles occurred when tested at loads close to 400N.


A new Antivirus theory is presented in this paper.The system realizes segmental automation of virus analysis, improves the conventional manual methods.Through this way we learn deeply how virus working in host.it is helpful for designing of Antivirus Software.also do well in detecting unknown viruses.


This paper presents a community-driven development framework for large-scale ontology that offers intraand inter-community communication, voting and endorsement system, and version control. Our system design addresses three lacks in the traditional ontology development: (1) constructive communication among the relevant stakeholders, (2) consensual endorsement and voting system for concept and structural augmentation, and (3) bookkeeping and version control. To cope with these shortcomings, we introduce three more tiers: user management with technical profiles, knowledge augmentation via a webboard, and community collaboration via the vote and endorsement system, on top of the existing Ontology-based Application Management Framework (OAM) [1]. When applying the design to the task of Life Cycle Assessment, we discover additional needs to partition a large ontology to modularize the users' responsibilities and to provide thread-based conversation for keeping track of the topics.


Objective: To study the anti-mutagenic activities of the Lentinas edodes extract(main polysaccharides) based on the principle that combined the methods of the pronucleus cells test in vitro and karyocyte test in vivo after measureing the Lentinas edodes polysaccharides.Methods:Lentinas edodes polysaccharides were measured by sulfuric acid-phenol test,Ames assay and micronucleus formation assay were used to test the antimutagenic activities of Lentinas edodes polysaccharides.Results:The content of lentinas edodes polysaccharides reached to 0.252 mg/g(dry weight lentinas edodes).In every treatment group(added S9 or not),the lentinas edodes polysaccharides in TA98 and TA100 could effectively inhibit revertant colonies induced by Dexon,MMS,2-AAF,the inhibitory rates were 37.7%,69.8%,70.3%,78.1%,39.0%,78.1%,83.0%,88.6% respectively.The lentinas edodes polysaccharides could inhibit the cyclophosphamide(CP)-induced micronucleus formation of polychromatic erythrocytes of mice bone in treatment groups with the inhibitory rate of 31.80%,52.80%,63.10% respectively.Conclusion:The lentinas edodes has certain ability of antimutation.


Double frenulum is a rare penile developmental anomaly. This anomaly may remain unnoticed before presenting in sexually active males with complaints of dyspareunia. This may be an ncidental finding in patients for unrelated complaints. We present a case of an adolescent sexually inactive male who came with complaints of unusual appearance of the penis.


In the article pilot studies of influence of the raised geometrical extent of compression on a compression polytrope are described. Motor stands with the diesel 4ChN 8,8/9,4 with geometrical extent of compression 38 and with the diesel 6ChN 7,75/8,6 with extent of compression 50 are created. Approximation of the linear dependence connecting a polytrope of compression with geometrical extent of compression is offered. It is shown that at geometrical extent of compression about 64 units of isothermal compression is reached. It is noted when creating diesels with raised extent of compression thermal protection of the aluminum piston is necessary.


Karterud's version of a modern textbook of group analysis goes through the history and sources of inspiration of group analysis in a systematic and well worked-out way, as well as going through some of the perspectives outlined in the theory and practice of group-analytical development. Special emphasis is given to the important contribution of self-psychology to group analysis. As an experienced group-analyst I find the book extremely enriching and comprehensive, with a well-planned structure and a language close to what is usual in the clinical work. For instance, I was glad to see that the author respectfully considers other theories and takes a clear attitude towards them. The book is divided into nine parts. In the first part – the first 90 pages – Karterud goes through Foulkes's development of group analysis with respect to theory through his books, practice in his groups, and organization through his construction of a network in a practical as well as literary way. He brings about the context in which he worked. Karterud documents how Foulkes had difficulty in developing a new radical theory, group analysis, while at the same time he remained faithful to traditional psychoanalysis. This gave rise to a lack of theoretical consistency, which was not treated seriously and openly until by Karterud (and Dalal, 1998). The second part of the book – 75 pages – describes how group analysis has managed its development, for instance in relation to Bion and other Kleinians, in relation to large group dynamics, therapeutical community, systems-centred theory, family therapy, Jungian theory, object relations theory, attachment theory, philosophy, analysis of discourse, and finally self psychology. Finally a view is given of the development and spreading of group analysis in practice from London to Europe especially. In the third part of the book – 55 pages – Karterud analyses the development of psychodynamic group psychotherapy from the USA and how this differs from group analysis and how it contributes to group analysis. Especially he focuses on Dorothy Stock Whitaker and 'group focal conflict theory', and shows how her theory and group analysis are related. In this part of the book he also goes through Yalom's great importance for group psychotherapy and his influence on group analysis. Karterud in the first three parts of the book covers many aspects, is very systematic and rather often holds the various theories and their authors up against his own opinion. This serves as a basis for the concentrated theoretical addition in part 8. This was for me the most exiting section and this is also Karterud's favourite issue, namely the contribution of self-psychology to the development of group analysis.


Background: To compare TIMI & HEART SCORE for their risk stratification in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients,  prognostic accuracy and Arrhythmia incidence.Methods: This observational study is conducted in a Tertiary care hospital over a period of 2 years from August 2017 to July 2019. A total of 100 patients presented to ER with Chest Pain are selected for study. Patients were monitored for a period of one month in ICCU.Results: In present study out of 61 cases with TIMI score ≥5, mortality of 11.5%(7 cases, p value 0.028). Heart score more than 6  constitutes high risk group, out of which mortality was observed in 7.45% cases (p=0.48). Most of the arrhythmias (70.49%) in present study observed in patients with TIMI score ≥5 (High risk group) which is statistically significant with p value 0.002. Most of the arrhythmias in present study observed in patients with HS ≥8 which is not statistically significant with p value 0.135.Conclusions: In present study, overall mortality rate was 7% and these patients who died constitutes to high risk group with TIMI. HEART SCORE identified more patients as low risk compared to TIMI SCORE. TIMI SCORE is a good predictor of arrhythmia incidence.


A commonly suggested approaches to femoral nerve block involve insertion of the block needle 1-2 cm lateral to the femoral artery just below the inguinal ligament, regardless of the technique (nerve stimulator, paresthesia, double click, arterial pulsation, infiltration, etc.). Figure 2 Figure 1: Femoral nerve block is commonly performed 1-2 cm below the inguinal ligament and 1-2 cm lateral to the femoral artery.


The learning motivation of TV University undergraduates under Open Education is mainly utilitarian. The type and intensity of motivation affect learning ability. Most undergraduates driven by learning motivation can effectively improve their learning ability; the coherence of their former and present majors is the main factor which influences their learning adaptability. Generally speaking, undergraduates fit the study under Open Education; they are still subject to traditional learning patterns, and their learning tactics are still based on former experience; their memory is failing, but they are confident of their understanding ability.


A recent literature concerned with the regional restructuring of politics in South Africa is reviewed. The literature provides important insights into both emerging political processes and geographical forms in South Africa, but it remains constrained by three areas of weakness: those of economism, functionalism and spatial fetishism. Suggestions are made as to how these weaknesses might be avoided in future research.


The Zinc(II) complexes of acetoacetic acid hydrazide (AAAH), butyrylacetic acid hydrazide (BUTAH) and benzoylacetic acid hydrazide (BENZAH) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and electronic reflectance spectra. The comparison of infrared spectra of the ligands and complexes allowed the establishment of the coordination mode of the ligand to the metal in the complexes, while the reflectance spectra gave an indication of the stereochemistry of the complexes. The bases coordinate in a bifunctional manner using both the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group and the nitrogen of the -NH2 group. The stability of the bis-complexes was confirmed by the formation of the compounds in appreciable yields.


Abstract : The Navy Theater-Wide (NTW) program was established to investigate the Navy's tremendous and unique potential to provide the U.S. with a crucial, rapidly deployable, highly mobile, and readily sustainable long-range Theater Ballistic Missile Defense (TBMD) capability. To minimize the development risk inherent in this extremely challenging endeavor, the program was divided into several evolutionary phases. The initial phases of the program include a series of technology development and flight test demonstration activities involving the integration of advanced Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) interceptor technologies with existing Navy Anti-Air Warfare (AAW) systems. The flight tests are designed to demonstrate the feasibility and the utility of the NTW concept before formal commitment to a Major Defense Acquisition Program (MDAP).