For the first time, the American Heart Association 2011 Guidelines on the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women named pregnancy complications as risk factors for cardiovascular disease.1 The committee recommended that clinicians query a detailed history of gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, or delivery of a small-for-gestational age-neonate as part of routine clinical intake. They urged obstetricians to refer women with complicated pregnancies to primary care or cardiology for monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors. This novel recommendation is based largely on recent discoveries emerging from the big epidemiology of linked national birth and death registry databases in Europe. These studies have shown consistent statistical associations between history of pregnancy complications and significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the decades after complex pregnancy.2–9 Yet, based as they are on administrative records, these studies are largely silent on the clinical course from complicated pregnancy to CVD event. What, exactly, is a clinician to do with the knowledge that a history of pregnancy complications doubles CVD risk as a woman matures? To fulfill the promise of the American Heart Association recommendation, we need data to determine appropriate prevention strategies, screening schedules, clinical targets, and treatment regimens for the large proportion of women who bear a telling history of complicated pregnancy.10

Article see p 1367

In this issue of Circulation , Fraser and colleagues provide findings that begin to put clinical flesh on the statistical associations between complicated pregnancy and CVD risk.11 In their 18-year follow-up of 3416 women originally enrolled during pregnancy in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Fraser and colleagues document that 36% of mothers had index pregnancies complicated by hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, fetal growth restriction, or macrosomia. Because most women bear >1 …


This article represents the first study of legal problems and the potential development of publicprivate partnerships (PPP) in science and higher education in Russia. The author considers PPP to be the most flexible and promising instrument for attracting private investments for such infrastructure, which support required enhancement of cooperation between scientific and educational institutions and real companies, and therefore facilitates achieving national goals and strategic tasks for the development of science in the Russian Federation. Compared to ordinary models of cooperation between the public and private sectors, this approach represents closer cooperation of scientific and educational potential of the public sector with investment, technology, and industrial resources from the private sector. At the same time, the government and universities themselves, competing for students and financing, more than ever require resources for infrastructure development. The author analyses advantages of PPP models for both the private and public sectors, general conditions for development of this mechanism in the country, and how public-private partnership in the traditional sense in higher education and science in Russia has better prospects than elsewhere, such as Great Britain, where higher education is private and in the best case partially financed from the public budget. Furthermore, the government does not play a considerable role in managing educational organizations and does not own its facilities. At the same time, considerable disbalances between needs of economic and innovative development of the country and the quality of PPP legislation is clearly noted, as well as particular legislative problems, and the author provies recommendations on how to improve laws.


A neutron yield of approximately 10/sup 6/ neutrons was recorded as a result of deceleration in deuterium-filled conical targets of metallic liners accelerated by detonation of solid explosives. Theoretical calculations of the neutron-generation process were performed, taking into account the cone deformation in the final stage of compression and heating of deuterium.


The title compound, C10H8ClNO3, is a significant anticonvulsant agent. The indolinone system is essentially planar, the dihedral angle between the rings being 2.24 (8)°. The dioxolane ring adopts an envelope conformation; the dihedral angle between the plane through its four coplanar atoms and the indolinone system is 89.8 (1)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by a three-dimensional network of intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.


In this paper, a numerical procedure for computing electromagnetic fields in a three-dimensional space using the constrained interpolation profile (CIP) method is presented. Then, this method is applied to computing electromagnetic fields, which are generated by the engineering transmission-line (TL) model of a lightning return stroke located on flat perfectly conducting ground, and the CIP-computed electric- and magnetic-field waveforms are compared with the corresponding waveforms computed theoretically and using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.


A single scale invariant chain model is used to describe quantitatively the stress−optical, stress−strain, and NMR properties of polyethylene networks. The results of previous Monte Carlo simulations have been used to determine a rescaling constant for polyethylene, which enables accurate estimates of junction point densities to be made from NMR and stress−optical measurements. From the rescaling constant the stress−optical coefficient for polyethylene is calculated and is in good agreement with previous experimental values. NMR spin-echo data are used in conjunction with the rescaling constant to determine the rheological entanglement length in polyethylene melts.


The present study is an effort to identify a potent chemopreventive agent against various diseases (including aflatoxicosis) in which oxidative stress plays an important causative role. Here, we investigated the antiaflatoxicogenic activity of ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia against aflatoxin induced renal damage. The results revealed that administration of AFB1 induces oxidative stress in kidney of AFB1‐treated mice through elevating the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and depleting the level of tissue antioxidants viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione–S‐transferase (GST), ascorbic acid and protein. Pathological changes in kidney tissue also supported the biochemical findings. Supplementation of ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia root during post exposure therapy effectively ameliorates the deviation induced in kidney of animal in response to AFB1 administration may be due to presence of antioxidant alkaloids viz., tinosporine, tinosporic acid, tinosporol, choline (V), isocolumbine, palmatine and magnoflorine. The further studies warrant the investigation of exact active principle (s) present in the extract responsible for the observed effects employing various carcinogenic models.


AbstrcatSealing experiment, pure oxygen condition experiment and vacuum package experiment were used for mercury-free paper-lined R6 batteries. The results of open circuit voltage change analysis and dissection analysis of the batteries showed that the main cause of spot-corrosion at low temperature was that the sealing was not air-tight resulted in oxygen diffusion into the battery.


Microbead-based diagnostic technology has been explored in academia for over 30 years. As the technology matured, it became clear that this was a competitive platform for multiplexed pointof-care diagnostics for a number of different applications spanning from healthcare, border defense, food safety and environmental monitoring. To realize the benefits of this technology to Canada and the rest of the world, it is imperative to develop an automation scheme to enable minimally trained users to be able to leverage this technology in a point-of-care setting where there is no access to a full lab, and often without reliable water or electricity. This thesis aims to leverage the use of microfluidics and magnetism to enable a simple way of automating the microbead platform for this purpose.


We discuss ergodicity breaking in frustrated disordered systems with no apparent broken symmetry of the Hamiltonian and present a way how to amend it in the low-temperature phase. We demonstrate this phenomenon on mean-field models of spin glasses. We use replicas of the spin variables to test thermodynamic homogeneity of ergodic equilibrium systems. We show that replica-symmetry breaking reflects ergodicity breaking and is used to restore an ergodic state. We then present explicit asymptotic solutions for the Ising, Potts and -spin glasses. Each of the models shows a different low-temperature behavior and the way the replica symmetry and ergodicity are broken.


Research was conducted around Kampung Renyok area which covered approximately 25km². The purpose of this study is to produce geological map at scale 1,25000, to determine slake durability index of rock and to relate slake durability index of rock with different weathering grade classification. The study area composed of rock from granite, gneiss, metasedimentary, limestone and sandstone. Every type of rocks, igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary have different strength and its own durability. The durability of rocks depends on degree of weathering that changes the texture and mineralogy content of rock. Sensitivity of rock types against weathering can be determined by using durability parameter called as slake durability index that proposed by Franklin and Chandra (1972). Test was conducted with collecting 11 samples of granite and gneiss near Renyok waterfall area and 5 sample of sandstone near Felcra Reka area. The result of durability index from the test is used to determine durability classification and identify weathering grades. From the laboratory test, the range index durability value for granite samples is 98.11% to 99.05% in grades II, for gneiss samples 98.53% to 99.18% also in grades II, and for sandstone samples is 96.06% to 98.97% in grades II and 87.56% to 94.90% in grades III. It conclude that low value durability of rock caused the weathering grades increased. From the result obtained, granite and gneiss have almost same durability index value but different in texture and mineralogy content. For sandstone, it composed of different durability index value that are caused from its texture condition which nearly weathered during collecting the sample.


The expression pattern of BMPR-2 and Fas was investigated in different developmental stages (1-3 mm, 3-5 mm, 5-8 mm and >8 mm) of follicles and the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Fas-ligand (Fas-L) was studied in vitro on granulosa cell function. BMPR-2 was mainly localized in the granulosa cells, oocytes and theca cells of healthy follicles from primordial to late antral stages and the expression pattern did not differ among different sizes of follicles. The Fas was predominantly expressed in granulosa cells of atretic follicles. In the granulosa cell culture, BMP-2 (30 ng/ml) and IGF-1 (100 ng/ml) significantly increased estradiol-17β production when compared to control in all sizes i.e. small (3-5 mm), medium (5-8 mm) and large (>8 mm) follicles. This first study in buffalo revealed that BMP-2 rescues small size follicles, whereas IGF-1 rescues all size follicles from Fas mediated apoptosis in buffalo.


Azithromycin ointment and suppository belonging topical administration, which consists of azithromycin 5-50% (weight) and suppository base 50-95% (weight basis) suppositories. Suppository base is glycerinated gelatin and glycerin, polyethylene glycol or a triol and polyethylene, or a semi-synthetic fatty acid esters. Azithromycin 0.5 to 20% by the (weight) and the rest of the composition of ointment ointment base, ointment bases white beeswax, paraffin and liquid paraffin, or a sodium carboxymethylcellulose. As a result of broad antibacterial spectrum, strong antibacterial suppositories and ointments made of azithromycin, direct play efficacy to prevent irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and reduce drug toxicity and side effects, especially useful for adult or pediatric patients, is the treatment of various infectious diseases and effective medicines.


The seasonal phenology of Zoophthora phytonomi (Arthur) was studied in southern Ontario from 1976 through 1988. The first incidence of disease in the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), occurred after the accumulation of 204 degree-days (DD) above a base threshold of 9°C from 1 April. In 11 of the 13 yr, epizootics began 57 DD later and lasted for 10 to 14 d, killing up to 99% of the larvae and 50% of the cocooned stages. It is proposed that there are three peaks of conidial production of the fungus in the alfalfa weevil that occur at intervals of 55 to 60 DD. The first occurs when the larvae are small and is coincident with epizootics of the disease in the clover leaf weevil, H. punctata (F.), whose larvae mobilize, increase, and transfer the inocula in early spring. The second occurs at peak incidence of the third alfalfa weevil instar, and the last, just subsequent to peak fourth instar. Larvae infected during the fourth instar die in their cocoons and produce resting spores, which overwinter in the ground litter. The influence of microclimatic factors on epizootics is discussed in relation to threshold densities of the host.


Community-supported agriculture (CSA) is a rapidly growing movement responding to the global economic crisis. The concept of CSA is thought to have originated simultaneously in Japan and Europe in the 1960s and then spread throughout the USA. In its essence, a CSA involves a direct connection between a farmer and the people who share the risks and rewards of growing and distributing food. The benefits, according to widespread international research, are plentiful: economic, environmental and social. In Hungary, CSA is a relatively new idea and in the last few years there have been not more than five or six so-called share CSAs established, one in the author's hometown. The paper presents how the French variation of CSA (AMAP) was adopted in Szeged, Hungary and how this vegetable community works and what are some of its leisure and health impacts on the author. The paper also attempts to interpret the author's CSA membership from a health and leisure perspective connecting this idea to health promotion and to Blackshaw's 'liquid leisure' concept.


We present a new characterization method for internal optical waveguide loss of blue, aquamarine, and green group-III–nitride laser diodes from as-grown wafers without need for further fabrication. This approach relies on excitation-position dependent polarization-resolved photoluminescence spectra collected from the edge of the planar waveguide. The high measurement accuracy of ±1 cm-1 enables for the first time determination of the mechanisms for p-layer optical loss from the waveguide loss difference before and after Mg dopant activation. Temperature-dependent measurements show that the dominant optical loss mechanism is absorption by acceptor-bound holes. This absorption mechanism does not depend significantly on light polarization.


A simple three parameter cluster model has previously been developed by Buck, Merchant and Perez to successfully describe alpha decay half lives for more than 400 · nuclei. An important feature of this model is that it envisages preformed (preformation factor, P=l.O) alpha particles in the parent nuclei to be moving in orbits with a large value of a global quantum number~ G. The discontinuity in decay half-lives at the N=l26 neutron shell closure is then naturally explained by an increase of G as the alpha particle is forced into a higher orbit by the shell closure. We consider alternative approaches to this model and extend it to consider · different values of P, and ·different changes in G at shell closures. We find the original approach of Buck et al., a radius fit with LiG=2, is still the most successful, but that a potential fit with .1G=4 turns out to be competitive, lending support to the suggestion that the proton shell closure is also felt. We have also analysed low energy (24.7MeV) scattering of alpha particles from a number of heavy nuclei in an attempt to find a common set of potential parameters that adequately reproduces both the decay and scattering data. Although not completely successful in this attempt, we find that the potential parameters obtained in the decay calculations provide a good first guess at the scattering potential parameters. The above analysis constrains P to the range 0.01::;ps;o.1, with tlie value of P=l.O not ruled out.


This study is aimed at knowing the contribution of: (1)teacher's competence, (2)teacher's feedback, (3)classroom management towards the student's reading achievement, and (4)these four factors toward the student's reading achievement. This study is associative quantitative research. The subjects of this study are 39 students of the twelfth grade of the second science class which are chosen by lottery picking technique. The techniques of data collection in this study are questionnaire and test. The questionnaire sheets are deal with teacher's competence, teacher's feedback, and classroom management. While the test is deal with student's reading achievement. The data analyzed using the descriptive statistic, classic assumption tests, multiple regressions test, and hypothesis testing which includes t-test, f-test, coefficient of determination, and predictor contributions. The result shows that the formulation of multiple regression is Y=(-2,538)+ 0,225X1 + 0,367X2 + 0,525X3. (1)The Teacher's Competence (X1) result of t-result is 2,117 with the significance result is 0,041. (2)The Teacher's Feedback (X2) result of t-result is 3,683 with the significance result is 0,001. (3)The Classroom Management (X3) result of t-result is 5,153 with significance result is 0,000. (4)The result of F-result is 79,380 which the significance is 0,000. The result of R2 is 0,872. It means that there are positive and significant contributions of independent variables toward dependent variable individually and simultaneously.


PurposeThis study aimed to understand mobile payment (MP) continuance usage in physical settings from trust and social experience perspective. A theoretical model was proposed based on trust transfer and social impact to reveal the factors influencing user intention to continually use MP.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was used on 308 respondents from Indonesia to examine the theoretical model while principal component factor analysis and descriptive statistics were utilized for data preparation.FindingsThe findings revealed the Perceived Herd behavior had the most significant contribution to Trust formation followed by Perceived Risk and Para-social interaction while the analysis of indirect and moderating effect was also significant in enriching the result.Originality/valueThis study postulated social experience as an antecedent factor to the formation of Trust in the MP continuance usage context. Moreover, while the commonly explored direct effect was investigated, the indirect effect and moderating impact that has not been addressed adequately in previous MP studies were also analyzed and this can be considered as a contribution to the body of knowledge.


In this paper, we provide a matrix that diagonalizes the Laplacian of a path graph over a finite field. By analogy with the fact that the discrete cosine transform matrix diagonalizes the Laplacian of (real-valued) path graphs, we identify the provided matrix as that of the cosine number transform (CNT). Together with the fact that the Fourier number transform matrix diagonalizes any circulant matrix (the Laplacian of a ring graph, for example), this motivates us to introduce a preliminary definition of what should be the graph Fourier number transform (GFNT). We revisit the application of the CNT in image encryption and give examples of the GFNT.


Urbanisation brings with it increased pressure on land and land uses, particularly green spaces. There has been considerable interest in community food growing in green spaces as part of a wide trend for gardening in the UK, which has been found to bring social, health, and well-being benefits. Such activity tends to take place in community-managed gardens and allotments. In light of the context of austerity within which local authority parks departments currently operate, this study tested the acceptability and feasibility of parks as a potential urban setting for Community Food Growing (CFG) in Sheffield, UK. Employing a combination of resident questionnaires and interviews with community groups and professionals, the study results showed localised differences in the acceptability and feasibility of CFG. Residents' propensity to want to get involved in CFG differed by age and household composition, which, if acted on across the city, could significantly change the demographic make-up of parks-based community groups in the city. Barriers to CFG in parks were described by community groups and park managers as security and vandalism, need for resources, and undue pressure on the local authority as land-owner. We discuss the emergent questions around who is best placed to manage urban parks, particularly when the public sector is subject to stringent austerity budget measures. The paper concludes with commentary and recommendations about the importance of governance arrangements if CFG is to be included as part of the activities supported and managed in urban parks.


Agriculture, being the backbone of Indian economy for decades, for its growth and development requires parallel welfare of all the stakeholders of economy. The remunerative price to farmer or producer is the foremost thing to be considered for the development of agricultural economy. Producer's share in consumer rupee depends on several factors viz., marketing cost, net marketing margin of middle men and marketing channels etc. Efficient marketing system and less price spread leads to the increase in the producer's share. The present study is conducted in Rohtas district which is known as the rice bowl of the Bihar. Bihar holds 6 th position in rice production in India. To access the marketing efficiency Acharya's measure of modified marketing efficiency (MME) was used. In the study area two marketing channels viz., channel-I and channel-II were identified in rice marketing. The results revealed that the marketing cost incurred by producer in both the channel was almost same i.e. Rs 50 per quintal for paddy. But as the produce reach to the ultimate consumer it is Channel-II which ensured higher producer's share in consumer rupee than Channel-I. Results further revealed that the channel-I was less efficient then channel-II. The study found that it is the net margin of intermediaries which contributes more to the less marketing efficiency in marketing channel I. Based on the results of study it was suggested that the suitable policies should be made in such a way that shorter routes or less market intermediaries will be involved in the marketing of agricultural produce.


The canker disease of poplar occurs usually in late winter and early spring,generally reaches peak at the end of February to the beginning of March and reaches and during April and May,respectively.The lesions rarely appear in the autumn.The canker disease of poplar is closely related to the weather conditions,the techniques of raising seedling and afforestation.Abnormal weather conditions such as spring drought,summer drought,and warm winter,over-density of the seedling,excessive dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer and the non-standard techniques of afforest etc.,might lead to the more serious canker diseases and the lower surviving rate in the new forestation site.


This paper presents the optical and mechanical characterization of fully embedded optical links. The flexible optical links consist of ultra thin opto-electronic transceivers, multimode polymer optical waveguides, optical coupling structures and galvanic interconnections, all embedded inside a thin (145 μm) flexible foil. The embedded GaAs transceivers (VCSELs and Photodiodes) are first mechanically thinned down to 20 μm thickness, enabling the unobtrusive embedding inside the foil and allowing the chips to be bent with the foil due to their very low thickness. The embedded links are tested for their flexible behavior by means of several measurements: the optical bending losses of the flexible waveguides, the minimum bending radius before link failure and the bending endurance. The emitted optical modes of the ultra thin VCSEL's were characterized and compared before and after thinning and before and after embedding of the VCSEL's to determine the effect of these actions on the behavior of the VCSEL power and modes. The optical power budget of the complete optical VCSEL-to-Photodiode VCSEL is investigated by simulations and measurements of the different optical loss contributors. Also crosstalk behavior between two neighboring waveguides and links is measured. A proof of principle demonstrator of an embedded optical link on a rigid substrate using standard 50 Ohm test equipment and a basic galvanic lay-out shows a clear open eye diagram at a speed of 1.2 Gb/s. Reliability of the flexible optical link foil was demonstrated with temperature (-40 to 125 degrees Celsius) and humidity (85 rh/85 °C for 1000 hours) fastened aging cycling with good results.


On the basis of a traditional natural gas heat and power cogeneration system,put forward was an improved electricity,steam and hot water cogeneration system. One of the specific features of the system in question is to realize the utilization of a part or the whole of the waste heat of the cooling water in condensers by using the cooling water in the condensers as the heat supply water source and another is to additionally install a flue gas-hot water heat exchanger so as to fully utilize the waste heat from the flue gases. The Cycle-Tempo software was applied to simulate the heat and power cogeneration system before and after the improvement. Based on the symbol exergoeconomics,a model for the product cost distribution of the electricity,steam and hot water cogeneration system was established with the unit economic cost of the main products such as electricity,steam and hot water being calculated. Through a comparison of the economic revenue from the sales of electricity,steam and hot water between the improved version and the traditional one,their cost-effectiveness was analyzed and the investment payback period was also calculated when a simplified modification was adopted. Through the sensitivity analysis,the influence of the changes in the market prices of natural gas,electricity,steam and hot water on the unit exergoeconomic costs of various products,economic revenue of both systems and the simplified modification investment payback period was discussed with the results from both exergoeconomic and economic analysis being verified.


The East Antarctic continental margin from 38-164oE is divided into western and eastern provinces that developed during the separation of India from Australia-Antarctica (Early Cretaceous) and Australia from Antarctica (Late Cretaceous). In the overlap between these provinces the geology is complex and bears the imprint of both extension/spreading episodes, with an overprinting of volcanism. The main rift-bounding faults appear to approximately coincide with the outer edge of the continental shelf. Inboard of these faults, the sedimentary cover thins above shallowing basement towards the coast where crystalline basement generally crops out. The continental slope and the landward flanks of the ocean basins, are blanketed by up to 9-10 km of mainly post-rift sediments in margin- parallel basins, except in the Bruce Rise area. Beneath this blanket, extensive rift basins are identified off Enderby and Wilkes Land/Terre Adelie; however, their extent and detailed structures are difficult to determine.


Aiming at the requirements of the high precision and fast response in electro-hydraulic position servo synchronic control system with double cylinders,proportional-integration-differential iterative learning control strategy was employed to design and implement the control system where two-closed-loop and two-level control were adopted to make the two electro-hydraulic position servo systems track each other and ensure the dynamic synchronization of the double cylinders.The position error between two cylinders into system output signal was fed back while the digital control signal was adjusted by proportional-differential algorithm.The experiments show that the system is endowed with high control accuracy,rapid tracking ability and the precision of synchronization control approaches to 0.2%.


THIS STUDY INVESTIGATED the possibility of improving reading comprehension by training "sentence organization skills" (those that enable the reader to process sentence information in units larger than the single word). A sentence anagram task and word-grouping strategy were developed and implemented to explore the effects of training organizational skills on reading comprehension. The subjects were 31 third graders, 16 experimental and 15 control. Experimental students individually received sentence anagram training for 10 to 15 minutes 3 times a week.'Results indicated that training significantly improved sentence anagram performance and transferred to reading comprehension performance. This research supports the contention that sentence organization skills are an important aspect of reading comprehension and suggests the value of instruction explicitly designed to improve reading comprehension.


It is necessary to test dynamics parameters of foundations at construction ground of large-size dynamic machine base. This paper elaborate the test technology and data processing methods on the basis of the block forced vibration test with engineering example, and test results are analyzed and discussed.


Heavy rates of gypsum surface applied alone and in combination with ammonium nitrate to a Black Solonetz under dryland conditions favorably affected the chemical properties of the Ap and Bnt horizons and increased water penetration into the Bnt. Gypsum alone was equally as effective in ameliorating the soil as the combined treatment.


We describe the first stem of the stable homotopy groups of spheres by using some Puppe sequences, Thom complexes, K-Theory and Adams Operations following the ideas of J. Frank Adams. We also touch upon the second and the third stems in this perspective. Neither spectral squences nor Steenrod operations are used.


With the methods of video analysis and the isokinetic muscle test,it made an analysis of the jumping height,the jumping height with non-upper-limb-movement and the shoulder joint muscle group strength of 6 top-notch trampolinists from Tianjin Trampoline Team to research into the relationship of the joint muscle strength of trampolinist and the jumping height on the net.the result showed that the movement which the uplifting arm dropped fast to the position of physiological anatomy was favourable to the increase of jumping height during take-off;Except for the low limb strength and the net feature,there was a positive correlation between the joint muscle strength and jumping height of the trampolinist on the net.


The effects of gender-role orientation on the organization of in-group and out-group information—as measured through cued recall and recall organization—were examined in two experiments. Utilizing gender as the in-group/out-group distinction, it was predicted that androgynous and gender-typed subjects would differentially process information about male and female stimulus targets. This hypothesis was upheld with respect to recall organization. Gender-typed subjects were more likely to individuate in-group members than out-group members. However, androgynous subjects equally individuated in-group and out-group members. The implications of these results for conceptualizations of in-group and out-group representations and for cognitive theories of gender-role orientation are discussed.


Cognitive Radio (CR) technology is proposed for using the unused spectrum band efficiently because of the spectrum scarcity problems. Spectrum sensing technology is one of the key challenge issues in cognitive radio technologies, which enables unlicensed users to identify and utilize vacant spectrum resource allocated to primary users. In this paper, the cooperative spectrum sensing technologies apply the ITS(Intelligent Transport System) and performance of signal detection analyzes. Then, we utilize the OR-rule and AND-rule for the cooperative signal detection. These data fusion rules improve the performance and reliability of the signal detection.


Polish refugee children arriving at Pahiatua Railway Station. Shows children walking along platform next to train, with New Zealand soldiers standing nearby. Photograph taken by John Dobree Pascoe, 1 November 1944.
Source of descriptive information - Note on back of file print written by Theresa Sawicka
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Film negative


Attempts to understand contemporary religious practice, and its associated communities and identities, must take into consideration the way that these phenomena exist in both virtual and physical spaces, as well as the way that, in some instances, religion bridges or erases this dichotomy. The approach here focuses on those forms of religious practice that do not fit easily into one or the other type of space. Starting with existing discussions of ethnographic methodologies for studying religious practice and the growing literature on how to study "digital religion", we examine the methodological needs for studying "third spaces", the hybrid, in-between spaces of religious practice. The model presented here is one of simultaneous and collaborative ethnography that extends shared methods across the virtual and the actual dimensions as the most productive approach to this type of research. Using tailored research methods and techniques within this approach offers the opportunity to consider ways in which behaviors, interactions, and speech acts that happen within this event are continuous or discontinuous with each other. It also offers insight into the dynamics of "shared experience" and how perspectives are or are not shared within these multiple dimensions.


I am deeply appreciative of the great honor the Catholic Medical Society has conferred on me by its invitation to deliver the first Jerome Lejeune lecture. I cannot hope to do justice to the invitation or to the enormous contributions Dr. Lejuene made by his research and his life to the cause of human dignity as it is manifest in every stage of human life, from its first stirrings in the zygote to its natural ending in a good death. No physician in our time has more perfectly epitomized the Christian physician as scientist, healer, and man of faith than Dr. Lejeune. In his life and work, he has left us a heritage and a challenge to do likewise. Let us pray that all of us, in some measure, will emulate his example and witness. It is the only way we can effectively counter the "culture of death" which overshadows the most vulnerable of our fellow humans. It seems most fitting to inaugurate a lecture series in Dr. Lejeune ' s honor within the context of this conference which is devoted to medical ethics, a subject to which he contributed so much. The problems with which Dr. Lejeune grappled are a foretaste of the most critical biomedical issues of the next millennium . Even today, it is obvious that the respect for life and the dignity of the human person taught in the Christian Gospels is


The aim of this paper is to look at the processes that Robben Island Museum (RIM) followed when collecting information by means of ex-political prisoners reference groups. RIM views the participation of ex-political prisoners as one of its community participation processes. We look at the brief history of the Island, and its vision and mission as a living museum.


Uniform Hf0.5Al0.5O top-gate (TG) dielectric can be grown directly on the MoS2 surface using a high/low-temperature deposition method, and excellent performances for few-layer (FL) MoS2 transistors with Hf0.5Al0.5O as TG dielectric can be achieved: high mobility of 90 cm2/Vs, small sub-threshold swing of 77 mV/dec and low interface-state density of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.08\times {10}^{{12}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV−1cm−2. The involved mechanisms lie in the facts that <xref rid="deqn1" ref-type="disp-formula">(1)</xref> the TG dielectric can prevent the MoS2 surface from absorbing the oxygen and moisture in the air; <xref rid="deqn2" ref-type="disp-formula">(2)</xref> growing the Hf0.5Al0.5O dielectric at low temperature can well provide nucleation sites for its subsequent high-temperature growth; and (3) doping Al into HfO2 can reduce the trap charges in the resulting HfAlO dielectric to weaken the Coulomb scattering and also produce densified and uniform dielectric film. Therefore, the Hf0.5Al0.5O TG-dielectric structure and its growth method described in this work have a high potential to fabricate high-performance FL MoS2 field-effect transistors for practical electron device applications.


Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of brand personality on purchase intent and the influence of three design elements of wine labels on brand personality. Design/methodology/approach – Participants made brand personality judgments and rated their purchase intent for subsets of 90 experimental wine labels, which varied along the dimensions of color, illustration, and design layout. Findings – Brand personality explained nearly half of the variance in purchase intent, with the facets successful, charming, spirited, and up-to-date being most strongly correlated with purchase intent. Of the three dimensions of visual design studied, the illustration used on the label had the greatest impact on both purchase intent and perceptions of brand personality. Research limitations/implications – This study used a proxy to measure purchase intent and studied only a subset of brand personality facets, limiting the generality of findings. Practical implications – This research offers brand managers a potential means of evaluating prospective designs in terms of their likely impact on purchase intent and consumer perceptions of brand personality, and suggests general guidelines for the design of product line extensions from a successful label design. Originality/value – This research helps brand managers and packaging designers to leverage brand personality research and evaluate the effectiveness of new designs.


In this paper,by means of some analysis techniques and the continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory,we study a class of mutualism systems with impulses and delays.The existence of positive periodic solutions for the systems is proved.The result expresses that,under some sufficient conditions,there exists at least a positive periodic solution for the system.


The changes of calmodulin levels, calmodulin-binding proteins, and /calmodulin-dependent glutamate decarboxylase during the growth of tobacco suspension cells were investigated. Tobacco cells exhibited a typical growth curve, including an exponential growth phase between 3 and 5 days after inoculation, and an apparent stationary phase occurring after 5 day. Although slight changes were observed from sample to sample, calmodulin protein levels remained similar during the phases of culture growth. Several calmodulin-binding proteins including 56, 46, 36, and 32-kDa proteins were detected in tobacco cell extracts. The 56-kDa protein was identified as glutamate decarboxylase by Western-blot analysis using an anti-GAD monoclonal antibody. The levels of GAD protein and the specific activity of GAD enzyme were highest during the middle exponential phase of the culture growth cycle. These data suggest that /calmodulin-dependent glutamate decarboxylase is modulated during the growth of tobacco suspension cells.


The text introduced the concrete application of the negative temperature High-Strength Concrete in the construction of Harbin spaceflight mansion,and discussed the problem of origin stuff,pumping agent,the engineering of the ratio of concrete construction,the mehtod of colligate accumulation of heat maintainance


Orthosiphon aristatus is a medicinal plant that used as traditional medicine raw material. These leaves have similar morphology with Eupatorium riparium so that it is possible to adulterate the raw material of Orthosiphon aristatus. The purpose of this research was to identify the existence of Eupatorium riparium leaves as an adulterant in the traditional medicine of Orthosiphon aristatus leaves using FTIR fingerprint analysis. The method of fingerprint analysis determined by measure dried extract that macerated using ethanol 96% with FTIR at wave number 4000 – 650 cm, resolution at 4 cm with reflectance sample handling. The dried extract that measured consists of Orthosiphon aristatus and Eupatorium riparium leaves from three different region and 3 samples of traditional medicine of Orthosiphon aristatus leaves. FTIR spectra were analysis by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The result shows that PC1 and PC2 can be used to detect Eupatorium riparium adulterant in Orthosiphon aristatus leaves signed by different quadrant between Orthosiphon aristatus and Eupatorium riparium leaves with score plot as 97 %. One of three samples believed containing Eupatorium riparium leaves as


Lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments on JT-60 have been carried out in parameter n̄;e = (0.6−1.6)×1019 m−3, Ip = 0.5−1.5 MA, BT = 2.7−4.5 T, PLH < 2.5 MW, f = 1.75 and 2.0 GHz, with and without NB heating (PNB < 6 MW), limiter and lower side single null divertor configurations, and narrow and wide spectra. The current drive efficiency increases with the volume averaged electron temperature ⟨Te⟩ and with decreasing Zeff and a high efficiency of ηCD ≡ n̄eRPIRF/PLH ≤ 2.65 × 1019 m−2·A·W−1 was achieved by LHCD alone. The experimental data set has shown that the current drive efficiency is consistent with the scaling of ηCD ∼ 12 ⟨Te⟩/(5+Zeff)×l019 m−2·A·W−1. Low N1 waves with a narrow spectrum have a higher current drive efficiency than higher N1 waves with a wide spectrum insofar as launched waves satisfy the accessibility


Adaptive, underactuated and compliant robot hands have received an increased interest over the last decade. Possible applications of these systems range from the development of simple grippers for industrial automation to the creation of anthropomorphic devices that can be used as prosthetic hands. These hands are particularly capable of extracting stable grasps even under significant object pose or other environmental uncertainties, due to the underactuation and the structural compliance of their designs. Despite the increased interest and the promising performance, adaptive hands suffer from several disadvantages and drawbacks. For example, the use of underactuation can lead to a post-contact reconfiguration of the fingers that compromises the force exertion capabilities of the system during pinch grasping. In this paper, we focus on the design, modelling, development, and evaluation of an adaptive robot gripper that uses magnets to adjust the reconfiguration profile of the fingers. The effect of the magnets increases the gripper's force exertion capabilities in pinch grasps, without compromising the full / caging grasps. The efficiency of the proposed gripper is experimentally validated through two different tests: i) a contact force test that compares the results of a theoretical model with the actual experimental results and ii) a grasping test that assesses the force exertion capabilities and the reconfiguration behaviour of the adaptive fingers for different implementations of the magnetic joints.


Another experience astonished me: Though I could not physically attend two other major urology meetings, I was able to join them virtually on Twitter! I managed to get a general understanding of the current hot topics in urology. Thanks to links, photos of slides, videos, and posters, I felt I was able to meaningfully participate in both congresses. I also had the opportunity to comment, ask, and hear opinions from colleagues around the world as if we were in the same room.


Corporations and business houses of the present day require sound redressal mechanisms to mitigate commercial disputes with ease and efficiency. "Forum selection clauses" are an easy way out of the turmoil often faced by firms during contractual disputes. Traditionally, the United Kingdom and the United States of America have been very restrictive about enforcing forum selection clauses, however liberalizing it very recently. This article through doctrinal study shows the present situation for forum selection enforcement in India and United States. Courts in India generally have followed the trend as laid down in the United States. There have been diverse judicial interpretations regarding validity of forum selections clauses across the common law system. The article discusses the judicial interpretations which has led to the evolution and development of such contract


Abstract Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. RH-30) was grown under different types and levels of nitrogen (N) sources, i.e. nitrate, ammonical, and nitrate plus ammonical, at 40, 80, and 120 kg ha− 1 under green house conditions. The plants were salinized with 8 and 12 dSm− 1 at 35 and 55 days after sowing. A progressive inhibition of the activity of enzymes of N metabolism, i.e., nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), was observed with increasing level of salinity. However, the magnitude of such reductions was lowest at the highest level of N (120 kg ha− 1) as compared with the lowest level (40 kg ha− 1) irrespective of N source. The activity of nitrate-assimilating enzymes (NR and NiR) was maximum with nitrate fertilizer, and minimum with the ammonical form. The alleviation of detrimental effects of salinity on NR and NiR was better with the highest level of N (120 kg ha− 1) in nitrate form as compared with the lowest level of N (40 kg ha− 1). In contrast, the maximum activity of ammonium-assimilating enzymes (GS, GOGAT, and GDH) was observed with the highest level of N (120 kg ha− 1) and the minimum with the nitrate form of N under salinity. These results indicate that despite the high salinity, an increase in the concentration and uptake of N stimulates the activities of nitrate-assimilating enzymes (NR and NiR) as well as of the ammonia-assimilating enzymes (GS, GOGAT, and GDH).


Although Alfred Schutz is most frequently identified as the main influence on Harold Garfinkel, and the latter on Anthony Giddens in his development of structuration theory, in fact the later Wittgenstein's insights into meaning and understanding strongly influenced both. This paper attempts to demonstrate Wittgenstein's influence on ethnomethodology and structuration theory, and show that despite their intentions, and contrary to what is normally thought, Giddens's and Garfinkel's work do not express as much of a creative version of social life as they intended, in that each had difficulties regarding the issues of social uniformity (cultural dopes) and individual choice. I will argue that these problems are rooted in their interpretations of Wittgenstein's rule-following considerations.


Reconfigurability of integrated photonic chips plays a key role in current experiments in the area of linear-optical quantum computing. We demonstrate a reconfigurable multiport interferometer implemented as a femtosecond laser-written integrated photonic device. The device includes a femtosecond laser-written $4\times 4$ multiport interferometer equipped with 12 thermooptical phase shifters, making it a universal programmable linear-optical circuit. We achieve a record fast switching time for a single nested Mach-Zender interferometer of $\sim10$ ms and quantitatively analyse the reconfigurability of the optical circuit. We believe, that our results will improve the current state of quantum optical experiments utilizing femtosecond laser-written photonic circuits.


At present,the environmental petition dispute presents new characteristics.To resolve environmental disputes and eliminate environmental hazards timely is very important for maintaining social harmony and stability.This paper analyzes the new characteristics and the causes of the environment petition dispute.And,solutions to environmental measures proposed in the paper can be a reference for resolving environmental petition disputes.


We demonstrated scattering near-field mid-infrared imaging via the self-mixing in a quantum cascade laser used as both a light source and a detector. The experimental setup and preliminary results on gold/sapphire samples are presented.


Modern composition of diploid winter rye is represented mainly by hybrid varieties, and in spite of high productivity level, good baking qualities of flour, resistance to diseases and lodging, most of them are split according to plant height, which leads to uneven crops. A long-term study of the material selected for seed production has shown that plants of the same height of the spike-bearing stem differ in length of internodes. The length of the upper internode varies most considerably from 20 to 45 cm, and selection of plants with lower parameters of this feature leads to a decrease of the overall plant growth and increases resistance to lodging. Research work was carried out at Novozybkovskaya Agricultural Experimental Station - a branch of the Federal Research Center "Federal Scientific Center of Feed Production and Agroecology named after V.R. Williams " in 2012-2019; Novozybkovskaya 150 winter rye variety was under study. The presence of the source of dominant short-stemming (k-10028) in the synthetic population of the initial material made it possible to carry out multiple selections with an intensity of 2 b according to the planned traits. The method of annual sequential exclusion of plants with a height of more than 120 cm, with a lower internode length of 5-7 cm and an upper one over 35 cm from the seed material formed a fairly constant form of a short-stemmed (up to 120 cm) population with a lower internode of 1-4 cm - 97%, with the upper - up to 30 cm - 50%. Family material combined according to the height of the stem showed high resistance of this trait in seed-plot testing. A long-term cycle of targeted individual selection for short stems increased the number of productive stems to 16 pcs. with grain mass of 2.0-3.0 g per ear. Self-pollination reduced the number of spike-bearing stems to 3-6 pcs., the weight of grain per spike was 2.6-3.5 g. The combination of short stemming, increased bushiness, and different types of spike gives a variety of material and is of great interest for winter rye selection


A combustion system including a plurality of axially staged tubular premixers to control emissions and minimize combustion noise. The combustion system includes a radial inflow premixer that delivers the combustion mixture across a contoured dome into the combustion chamber. The axially staged premixers having a twist mixing apparatus to rotate the fluid flow and cause improved mixing without causing flow recirculation that could lead to pre-ignition or flashback.


Order valve assembly wherein an exhaust duct (2, 2 ') is provided with a controlled intermittent air pressure application valve (1) leading away the exhaust air of the applicator valve (1) of the applicator valve (1).


The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), signed into law on February 17, 2009, aims to aggressively expand the use of energy-efficient technologies throughout the U.S. and to double renewable energy production within three years. To accomplish this and other energyefficiency goals, ARRA makes an unprecedented investment in renewable energy infrastructure and related research and development. Through this investment, and by seeking to direct the resources of the federal government toward energy-efficient technology, the Administration hopes to spur both job growth and technological innovation. In so doing, the government has become a crucial player in the field of energy efficiency.


In order to solve the problem that the existing protective devices could not cut timely and accurately the dry-type air-core shunt reactor with inter-turn insulation fault, which caused the accident expanding, a new method of inter-turn insulation fault on-line monitoring based on impedance variation was proposed. Circuit model and voltage equations of inter-turn insulation fault were established and numerical analysis method was applied to analyze variation of electrical parameters in different positions. Based on these, impedance variation was determined as the monitored object and the test platform was set up to verify the test. Research results indicate that, total current basically remains unchanged, but real current increases dramatically after inter-turn insulation fault occurs. Equivalent resistance increases and equivalent reactance decreases, the change rule and the magnitude of variation are consistent between equivalent resistance and real current. The test results prove that this monitoring method is true and effective.


The ability to vaporize extremely thin layers of epithelial tissue without any char and with minimal thermal necrosis is extremely advantageous in the treatment of superficial lesions of the external genitalia. We present a novel CO2 laser `SwiftLase' flashscan technology capable of providing char free ablation of 3 mm diameter lesions with only 150 micron residual thermal necrosis depth at power level as low as 10 watts. These power levels are achievable with a small transportable CO2 laser. The SwiftLaser is a miniature opto- mechanical scanner which homogeneously covers a 3 mm diameter surface with a 0.1 mm spot size focused beam within 0.1 seconds. The instantaneous beam's dwelling time is 1 millisecond. The instantaneous power density level at the focal point is higher than the threshold for char free ablation, thus providing a large char free ablation crater. Since depth of each ablated layer is 0.1 mm, the depth of treatment can be precisely controlled. The SwiftLaser technology has extensively and successfully been used in the last two years for the treatment of HPV in female lower tracts (Vulvectomy). The same technique may be performed with extramammary Paget's disease of the vulva, penile condylomata, and other epithelial disorders of the external genitalia without damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Technique and clinical results will be discussed.


Generally, in-the-wild emotions are complex in nature. They often occur in combinations of multiple basic emotions, such as fear, happy, disgust, anger, sadness and surprise. Unlike the basic emotions, annotation of complex emotions, such as pain, is a time-consuming and expensive exercise. Moreover, there is an increasing demand for profiling such complex emotions as they are useful in many real-world application domains, such as medical, psychology, security and computer science. The traditional emotion recognition systems require a significant amount of annotated training samples to understand the complex emotions. This limits the direct applicability of those methods for complex emotion detection from images and videos. Therefore, it is important to learn the profile of the in-the-wild complex emotions accurately using limited annotated samples. In this paper, we propose a deep framework to incrementally and actively profile in-the-wild complex emotions, from sparse data. Our approach consists of three major components, namely a pre-processing unit, an optimization unit and an active learning unit. The pre-processing unit removes the variations present in the complex emotion images extracted from an uncontrolled environment. Our novel incremental active learning algorithm along with an optimization unit effectively predicts the complex emotions present in-the-wild. Evaluation using multiple complex emotions benchmark datasets reveals that our proposed approach performs close to the human perception capability in effectively profiling complex emotions. Further, our proposed approach shows a significant performance enhancement, in comparison with the state-of-the-art deep networks and other benchmark complex emotion profiling approaches.


The stars named Niu Lang and Zhi Nv in the classic works "Shi Jing" provided an embryo for the future generations of similar poetries."The Remote Altair" in the "Nineteen Ancient Poems" can be regarded as the initiative poetry of "Tanabata",which had established a type of writing mode from the perspective of Zhi Nv.During the Wei and Jin dynasties,the poetries of "Tanabata" had become more and more secularization and socialization.What's more,in the Nan Chao dynasty,such poetries had been converted into the relaxed light comedies,used to express the love between secular men and women.The folklore says that Niu Lang and Zhi Nv will meet each other on July 7 annually,the reasons are as follows: Firstly,the number "seven" has the connotation of integrity,beauty and fortune;Secondly,it has the intrinsical link with the level of activity between lovers in the autumn.The poetries of "Tanabata" pre-Tang dynasty were not as ethical and prejudical as those post-Tang dynasty.The former had valued more on the aesthetic and emotional factors in the legend of Niu Lang and Zhi Nv,mainly from the the female-based stance,which had become the basic writing mode in all the similar poetries.


Some open bite can be relieved by intrusion of molars in non-extraction approaches, which is usually suggested for patients with acceptable facial profiles or non-hyperdivergent skeletal patterns. In cephalometric analyses, mesial angulation of molars' axes is frequently observed in patients with open bite. Therefore, a treatment strategy is to correct anterior open bite by both clockwise rotation of maxillary molars and counter-clockwise rotation of mandibular molars, resulting in uprighting and intruding force of molars. Using this manner, clinicians are recommended to reinforce skeletal anchorage by placing microimplants into alveolar bone between the first and second molars. In this case report, we have successfully treated an anterior open bite patient with transverse disharmony by managing vertical dimension using microimplant. (Clin J Korean Assoc Orthod 2019;9(1):34-44)


The concept of party identification has a hallowed position in the electoral research field, as demonstrated by this handbook. The concept is often considered the most significant discovery in modern electoral research (Thomassen in this volume; Bellucci in this volume). I have previously written that if one could ask only a single survey question to explain citizen political behavior, choose party identification. Party identities provide voters with a potent cue on how people like themselves generally vote, it guides their views on the issues, and mobilizes them to participate in politics. This chapter considers another side of partisanship, however. Not as a benefit to voters, but as a constraint on a reasoned, dispassionate view of politics and contemporary issues. If parties or their leaders fail their constituency, do partisans recognize and respond to these failures? If political conditions or party positions change, do partisans react in a meaningful way? Or are the powers of partisanship so strong that they can sometimes blind citizens to the reality of politics and their own self-interest? And under what conditions are the positive/negative benefits most apparent? The evidence comes from a combination of three sources. First, I draw on cognitive psychology to offer an alternative perspective on how citizens conceptualize politics through a framework of partisanship. Second, I present empirical examples from several nations to demonstrate the persistence of partisan effects even in the face of significant political change. While much of the debate on partisanship has focused on the United States, the same issues exist across other contemporary democracies. Third, the chapter presents examples of how partisanship heavily influences policy perceptions, which implies there is limited Bayesian updating of partisanship in reaction to issue preferences. To an extent, the affective party identity that Angus Campbell and his colleagues (1960) described can act as blinders when viewing the political world. Feelings of party identification make a positive contribution to democratic representation and accountability in guiding voter choices. However, there are possible limitations to these benefits and a potential negative effect under certain circumstances. It is difficult to draw a clear line in this balance. This chapter takes the contrarian view to ask when party identification reaches these positive limits and then discusses the conditions that may produce partisan distortions.


Five strains of Sporothrix schenckii were grown in liquid shake cultures at 35°C, 37°C, 39°C and 41°C and pH of 5·6, 7·0 and 7·4. Minimum generation time (MGT) for all strains occurred during the first 24 h at either 35°C or 37°C. At 39°C, 4 strains exhibited an MGT during the second day of growth and 1 strain during the third day. MGT for the 5 strains grown at pH 5·6 ranged from 5·6 to 10·9 h, at pH 7·0 from 1·2 to 4·8 h and at pH 7·4 from 2·4 to 3·9 h. Maximum total growth occurred at 35°C in broth at pH 7·0. Generally, all strains exhibited an extended lag phase and a reduced total growth when incubated at 39°C or 41°C.


Attention is given to the psychological factors of accident risks on the road. The hidden (self-) destructive forces by which humans can be led in traffic and the hidden emotional causes of accidents are presented. The use of alcohol and drugs and the effect of these on driving behaviour are mentioned. It is shown that we can speak of an epidemiology of traffic accidents, from which we think it is the normal price we have to pay for technical progress, instead of fighting against this situation. /TRRL/


Weed control by freezing has been compared with flaming in order to find out if it can be a complement to the methods used today. Two different media has been used for weed control by freezing; liquid nitrogen, which has a temperature of -196 °C, and carbon dioxide snow, which has a temperature of -78 °C. Liquified petrolium gas (LPG) was used for flaming. During the summer of 1991, the effects of varying doses of liquid nitrogen, carbon dioxide snow and flaming where compared in field trials. Weed control by freezing with liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide snow is a method that works. The method can be used more or less in the same way as flaming. Trials so far, however, show that freezing consumes more energy than flaming to reach the same effect on dicotyledonous weeds. Compared with flaming, freezing with liquid nitrogen consumes three times as much energy and freezing with carbon dioxide snow consumes six times as much energy, to reduce the number of weeds by 90%. Weed control by freezing is an expensive method because of the large quantities of freezing media required to obtain good results. The equipment used to spread the freezing media on the weeds is a very simple experimental model. It can probably be improved in order to be more energy effective. Even if this is the case, it is probably difficult to develop the equipment for freezing to such an extent that freezing can compete with flaming as a method for weed control. Although under certain conditions, freezing might be a useful method, for example in places where there is a great risk of fire.


Abstract : This document provides an organized guide to currently available and near-term remote sensors for land managers. Inexperienced as well as more advanced users can use this guide as a source of information and guidance in remote sensing decision making. The Selection Key, contains three sections; vegetation, soils, and land management objectives. Each of the three sections is organized by ecoregion, allowing the user to identify the imagery capable of meeting their needs. Many of the management objectives within the keys contain references to applicable articles describing scientific investigations. These referenced articles can provide the resource manager with information and ideas of how to approach their management objectives. Sensor Fact Sheets provide details on each sensor, and includes information on spatial resolution, band width, cost, revisit time, and other image characteristics. Sheets can be removed from the binder to allow side-by-side comparison of the sensors identified by the Selection Key. Sample Statements of Work and sources of Acquisition Assistance are included. Land managers can use the examples given to help them procure imagery themselves or to determine if additional assistance is needed. Brief explanatory sections cover the elements that make up a remotely sensed image, and how image interpreters use those elements to extract information from the image. There are also appendices, more appropriate for advanced users, that discuss spectral information and imagery sources. This guide will be successful if it helps resource managers better understand the nature of remotely sensed imagery, how to select specific sensors for specific tasks, decide whether to work independently or to use contractor expertise, find literature that discuss case studies similar to theirs, interpret historical imagery, and locate free or inexpensive imagery already owned by government agencies.


There is still time to sign up for this exciting preconference workshop on Sunday, 31 August, at AMEE 2014 in Milan, where teachers, psychologists, learning technologists and educationalists are invited to tackle challenges facing medical education today. Come prepared to experiment, improvise, create, play and contribute to what could be the start of the next big thing in health professions education! The workshop is a prelude to a 1.5-day Symposium on Shaping the Future of TechnologyEnhanced Learning scheduled on 5–6 September prior to AMEE 2015 in Glasgow, when several hundred participants from a wide range of disciplines will collaborate to push the boundaries and come up with innovative ideas and practical applications that may impact on future practice in education. To register for AMEE 2014 go to https://www.eiseverywhere.com/ ehome/73404/delegates/


Many attempts have been made to quantify cardiac output using both invasive and
non-invasive techniques. The results have generally been poorly reproducible
and comparisons of techniques have yielded highly variable values.
A single breath inert gas method was used in the study, since it offers several
advantages over previous methods, chiefly its speed of measurement, and the
controlled manner in which it is performed. The method observes the uptake of a
semi-soluble inert gas (Freon-22) with respect to an insoluble marker, and
calculates cardiac output (pulmonary flow) from the slope of the semi-soluble
gas. [Continues.]


Accurate knowledge of the solar irradiance is required for various climate and energy applications. For these applications as well as irradiance forecasts, estimates of clear sky irradiance are often essential as basis for further calculations. In this paper we comparatively validate clear sky irradiance estimates from four fast clear sky models with varying atmospheric inputs. The comparison is made against in situ irradiance observations from five stations in southern Finland, for four summer months in 2016. The main atmospheric inputs, Aerosol Optical Depth and water vapour, are taken from MACC and ERA-Interim reanalysis datasets. Nearly all models underestimate irradiance in the used sites, with McClear, Pvlib Ineichen and Pvlib Solis with default input performing the best. The use of reanalysis inputs increase the Solis errors, which is considered to be because of the AOD and water vapour climatologies not representing the specific sites and times adequately.


Abstract In the present study, preschool children were assessed for socially inhibited behaviour. Causes of social inhibition and maternal coping strategies were also explored. Forty-five preschool children, their mothers, and class teachers participated in the present study. An inventory was prepared for the assessment of social inhibition in children. Mothers and class teachers were requested to rate the frequency of social inhibition in children on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Mothers were also requested to provide information on the causes and coping strategies for inhibited behavior. On the basis of obtained mean score, children were divided into three categories: below average, average and above average for social inhibition. Results revealed that 13.3 per cent children were identified as extremely socially inhibited. Majority of mothers believed that social inhibition or shyness was a basic human nature. To cope with inhibited behavior of children, most of the mothers encouraged children to make friends and to interact with others. Mothers also reported using verbal reprimand to direct appropriate behavior as one of the strategy. Girls were more inhibited/shy than boys. Findings of the present study have important implications for parents and care givers at home and educational context.


A particularly challenging class of problems arising in many applications, called batched problems, involves linear algebra operations on many small-sized matrices. We proposed and designed batched BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines), Level-2 GEMV and Level-3 GEMM, to solve them. We illustrate how to optimize batched GEMV and GEMM to assist batched advance factorization (e.g. bi-diagonalization) and other BLAS routines (e.g. forward/back substitution) to achieve optimal performance on GPUs. Our solutions achieved up to 2.8-3× speedups compared to CUBLAS and MKL solutions, wherever possible. We applied our batched methodology in a real-world Hydrodynamic application by reformulating the tensor operations into batched BLAS GEMV and GEMM operations. A 2.5× speedup and a 1.4× greenup are obtained by changing 10% of the code. We accelerated and scaled it on Titan supercomputer to 4096 nodes.


Micropolluted reservoir water was treated with the direct ultrafiltration process and the combined process of micro-flocculation and ultrafiltration. The experimental results show that the treated water quality by two kinds of ultrafiltration processes conforms to the requirements of Water Quality Standard for Urban Water Supply (CJ/T 206-2005) issued by the Ministry of Construction. The combined process of micro-flocculation and ultrafiltration is more effective than the direct ultrafiltration process, both in improving treated water quality and reducing membrane fouling. In the combined process, the optimum flocculation time is about 120 seconds; the optimum dosage of PAC is about 2 mg/L (calculated as Al_2O_3). With the same dosage (mol/L metal), the flocculation effect of iron salt is better than that of aluminium salt.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference of productivity according to environmental factors among 25 Regional base public hospitals. Also this study is to propose a method to improve the productivity of Regional base public hospitals in the future by improving the public performance and stable management performance by studying the productivity variables affecting profitability. The survey period was based on the last three years, and 25 Regional base public hospitals were selected for the survey. The dependent variable is the total capital medical marginal profitability and the medical profit marginal profitability which are the indicators of profitability. The independent variable, productivity, is classified into three indicators: capital productivity, labor productivity, and value added productivity. The ANOVA analysis method was used to analyze the productivity difference according to the frequency factor and the environmental factors of the Regional base public hospitals. Finally, we conducted a hierarchical regression analysis to examine the productivity variables affecting profitability. The results of this study showed that there were differences in productivity due to environmental factors such as hospital size, competition in the local medical market, and differences in management performance. The difference in productivity and profitability depending on the environmental factors suggests that it is difficult for Regional base public hospitals in each regional base to perform a balanced public service. In order to overcome this, it is necessary to provide balanced medical services such as government financial support expansion, regional medical demand forecasting and facility infrastructure construction.


This article discsses how to extend the function of Visual Foxpro and meet the various special need of Visual Foxpro programming and improve programming efficiency by utilizing ActiveX widget,DLL,FLL of VFP and call server program/ automatic server program.


. ESP terminology is a tool that helps lecturers and students access new sources of knowledge, and therefore the compilation of ESP terminology data for teaching and learning is an indispensable need of researchers. To make the terminology data effective, the compilation must be accurate, scientific, and user-friendly. Therefore, the pre-use evaluation of the terminology data set is of vital importance for the compilers to adjust, supplement, and complete it before putting it into use. This article introduces the process of compiling and pre-use evaluation to complete the Intermedia Arts terminology data set for the training and learning needs of Fine Arts students in general and for those at University of Arts, Hue University, in particular. The paper analyzes the experts' evaluation of the data set. Several suggestions to improve the efficiency of using the data set for the training and learning needs of students at University of Arts, Hue University are also presented.


A process for the production of insulator structures in a semiconductor substrate (1) comprising the steps of: - introduction of insulator trenches (21) in the semiconductor substrate (1) from a substrate surface thereof; - deposition of an insulator material (3) in the course of a supported on high-density plasma process, the plasma used contains a halogen-containing gas, marked by Treatment of the thus-deposited insulating material (3) with a silicon-free plasma containing hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the oxygen content is less than 10 degrees.


1. MSc, Department of Nursing, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, School of Midwifery Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 3. Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing Management, School of Midwifery Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 4. Member of the Board of the Iranian Scientific Acupuncture Association, Tehran, Iran 5. Clinical Research Development Unit of Fatemieh Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran


A method for a curvature adjustment on a cladding element (1) for ceilings, facades or the like which (1) at the edges of the curved visible surface has (2) of this groundbreaking flanges (3), wherein the flanges (3) corresponding to the curvature have form and with the cladding element (1) for fixing are connected by a curvature, characterized in that folded a transverse to the or to the axes of curvature of the edge on the covering element (1) at least and this fold (4) at least in the region of the intended curvature having juxtaposed edge-open slots (5) and in that the covering element is bent according to the intended curvature and the fold (4) connected to the pre-curved flange piece or welded.


: After seven years of hard work, the successful holding of the Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympic Games has attracted wide attention from society, and the development of the ice and snowfall industry has also advanced by leaps and bounds. Earning and learning about snow and ice sports became prominent across the country. The hosting of the Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games has considerably promoted the strategy of "widening south, west and east" for ice and snow sports, with remarkable results. In this context, various current commercial indoor simulated ski resorts have been developed across the country, but due to the lack of mass base, cultural heritage and epidemic reasons, the survival of many indoor simulated ski resorts in southern China is in jeopardy. It is required to evaluate and suggest their survival status and existing problems. By selecting eight indoor simulated ski resorts in Nanjing, the basic information of the indoor simulated ski consumers, members, coaches and operation team in Nanjing was fully understood through literature, questionnaire, interview and data statistics. As a result, Nanjing indoor simulation ski hall lacked professional ski coaches and service staff, the teaching content was single and boring, and the long-term impact of the epidemic brought a long-term closure to the venue. Suggested to increase professional coaches and service personnel, to their training system, optimize and upgrade the coaches qualification, establish evaluation mechanism, improve the quality of service and teaching, through multi-platform publicity and promotion of indoor simulation ski pavilion, set up mobile small program convenient interaction with students, maintain contact with consumers, ensure during the outbreak in the store drainage will not reduce.


The proposition posed by the problem of simultaneous localisation and map building (SLAM) is whether a mobile robot can be placed in an unknown environment and then incrementally build a map of this environment, while using the map to determine its globally referenced pose. The various solutions to the SLAM problem that have been proposed so far, such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF), are typically highly theoretical and require rigorous modeling of the robot's locomotion mechanism, sensor errors and the environment. These motifs have encouraged a long string of simplifying and often wishful assumptions, which invariably restrict the application of SLAM to only a contrived figment of the real world. While using a plethora of assumptions may be academically acceptable, a change of tack is needed for real-world operation. In this paper, a novel SLAM solution is proposed that is based on perpetually solving the kidnapped robot problem. By doing so, the locomotive specifics of the robot are irrelevant and, hence, the robot can be engineered to be as flexible and robust as practicable without contemplating the possible side effects on odometric accuracy and associated measurement drift. While the proposed solution does not require odometry (nor does it assume motion continuity), it makes provisions for the inclusion of such information, in possible combination with inertial sensors, to improve the system's performance while not compromising its generality. The solution comprises a multiple-hypothesis data association algorithm for recognising map landmarks perceived from different viewpoints, and a simple relative error algorithm for representing and handling the positional uncertainties of the robot and landmarks. The latter algorithm is based on the sole premise that the positional uncertainty is directly proportional to the radial distance from the origin. This paper argues that the proposed solution, while atypical, facilitates navigation in natural environments. Practical results from several outdoor experimental trials will be published shortly.


There are indications that the next generation mobile communication systems shifts away from the traditional vertically integrated approach in system design and instead allow access to a set of services through a variety of heterogeneous access technologies. With the emergence of multimode mobile devices, the next step in the integration of heterogeneous mobile networks, i.e. inter-access service continuity, gains relevance. This paper reviews emerging heterogeneous access networks and their integration, and studies service continuity, including the relevance of mobile IPv4 and mobile IPv6 and other mobility solutions at, above, and below IP layer, in this context. We propose a new system architecture, which combines mobile IP and IPsec in a 3GPP operator environment. As part of the proposed framework we present new techniques for mobility security association bootstrapping and for enhancing the mobile device's NAPT traversal implementation. The selected architecture is evaluated using an experimental laboratory setup. The results are used to build up an analysis of the solution and draw up some conclusions


Abstract Objective: Laparoscopy is increasingly the preferred surgical approach in patients with ectopic pregnancy. The aim of this research was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of surgery for tubal ectopic pregnancy using single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) in comparison to conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) in the authors' local setting. Design: This single-center prospective study included consecutive patients treated by the SILS or CLS approach for salpingectomy in tubal ectopic pregnancy from September 1, 2011, to April 1, 2016. Materials and Methods: Information on patient bio-data, intra-, and postoperative data were collected and compared between patients who underwent the two surgical approaches. Results: In total, 93 consecutive patients underwent surgery for salpingectomy in tubal ectopic pregnancy. Of these, 33 (Group 1) were treated by SILS and 60 (Group 2) were treated by standard CLS. All 33 (100%) patients were treated successfully with the SILS approach, with...


Cell-based models that mimic in vivo heart physiology are poised to make significant advances in cardiac disease modeling and drug discovery. In these systems, cardiomyocyte (CM) contractility is an important functional metric, but current measurement methods are inaccurate, low-throughput, or require complex set-ups. To address this need, we developed a standalone non-invasive, label-free ultrasound technique operating at 40-200 MHz to measure the beat rate, beat rhythm, and force of contraction of cardiac models, ranging from single adult CMs to 3D microtissue constructs in standard cell culture formats. The high temporal resolution of 1000 fps resolved the beat profile of single mouse CMs paced at up to 9 Hz, revealing limitations of lower speed optical based measurements to resolve beat kinetics or characterize aberrant beats. Coupling of ultrasound with traction force microscopy enabled the measurement of CM longitudinal modulus and facile estimation of adult mouse CM contractile forces of 2.34 ± 1.40 μN, comparable to more complex measurement techniques. Similarly, measurements of beat rate, rhythm, and drug responses of CM spheroid and microtissue models were demonstrated. In conclusion, ultrasound can be used for the rapid characterization of CM contractile function in a wide range of commonly-studied configurations ranging from single cells to 3D tissue constructs using standard well plates, with applications in cardiac drug discovery and cardiotoxicity evaluation.


Weaning rats were fed a 5% or 30% fat diet containing limited calcium pantothenate for 28 d. The plasma, liver and adrenal pantothenic acid levels in the rats fed on the 30% fat diet were significantly lower than with the 5% fat diet. The results suggest that the high-fat diet affected pantothenic acid metabolism.


A debate at ACOG 2017 looks at whether cervical insufficiency should be abandoned as a diagnosis. Plus: A study presented at ACOG 2017 examines whether human papillomavirus is linked to preterm birth?


In this paper, a split approach to decision support systems for groundwater management is proposed. In the initial phase, a model specialist performs data acquisition, model design and calibration, using an appropriate software package. As a result, a set of carefully selected basic management scenarios is generated. Simple superposition of these will allow to approximately solve a large number of variations of a class of management alternatives. For the phase of scenario analysis and decision support, the relevant data and the results of the base scenarios are transferred to a desktop GIS (ArcView). A convenient ArcView user interface was developed to formulate a scenario, do the required overlays of the base scenarios and visualise and characterise the impacts. For a case study problem of optimal well locations under a variety of constraints, this paper presents the development of base scenarios and the decision support tools developed for ArcView. The accuracy of the overlay results is determined by comparison with the results obtained by a full numerical simulation.


Ad hoc routing technology has been developed primarily for networks of mobile nodes. In many cases the operational life of a node will be limited by its power source, so power consumption can be a critical issue. All the layers of communication are coupled in power consumption. Ad hoc routing protocols may consume different amounts of power and their routing decisions may be conditioned. Power consumption must be distributed on the nodes of the network and the overall transmission power for each connection must be minimized. We have therefore modelled two contrasting protocols for the MANETs (Mobile Ad Hoc NETworks), namely the reactive protocol DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) and the proactive protocol OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing). DSR and OLSR have been simulated by ns-2 Network Simulator. We will analyze these two protocols with particular attention to their energy performance.


In India, infrastructure is given prior importance and it is vision to make India fully developed up till 2020.But, it is a challenging job to produce high strength concrete and one of the problems for this is presence of air voids. At present to reduce these voids many compacting machines like vibrators are used in field. But, this leads to high noise pollution and annoyance the person working on site. Thus, to eliminate this problem related to compaction, strength and noise, a new concrete called Self Compacting Concrete [SCC] is used. It reduces the voids as it flows under its own weight. The strength and durability of SCC is much higher compared to conventional concrete. It also helps in achieving high quality of surface finishes and becomes sustainable as it saves the energy. But, the problem with this type of concrete is that there is no specific mix design for it. Thus, the aim of this research is to give proper methodology for the mix design of self compacting concrete and various points to be kept in mind while designing such flowable concrete.


Traditionally, configuration management has only addressed the needs of the software development process. Once a software system leaves the development environment and enters the field, however, there still is a signifi- cant role for configuration management. Activities such as release, installation, activation, update, adaptation, deactivation, and de-release constitute the "deployment lifecycle"; these activities need careful coordination and planning in their own right. This article discusses the dimensions of software deployment, argues why current solutions are not sufficient, and presents two research systems that specifically address software deployment.


The higher education institutions play a very important role in developing the readiness of academic staff on IR 4.0 which might increase the quality of education system through implementing the effective learning factors, efficiency knowledge management factors, and creative thinking with the innovation capability. Here, the academic staff must further explore the new knowledge, innovation, and learning factors that could be used in their teaching and learning. The research model was taken from previous studies on examining the feasibilities of Industry 4.0 for the hospitality sector with the lens of management practice. The data was analyzed by using the IBM SPSS Statistics v21 and the five-point Likert scale represented by Information Literacy Education Implementation Readiness Scale was used to measure the respondents' readiness level on IR 4.0. Descriptive analysis than was used in this research to further explore the mean factors which are learning, knowledge management and innovation capability, and the academic staffs' readiness for IR 4.0.. The results indicated that the learning institutions played a very important role in developing the readiness of academic staff on IR 4.0 which may increase the quality of education system through implementing the effective learning factors, efficiency knowledge management factors and creative thinking with innovation capability factors.


All-solid-state Li-ion batteries (ASSBs), considered to be potential next-generation energy storage devices, require solid electrolytes (SEs). Thiophosphate-based materials are popular, but these s...


BLUES IS OUR STORY. ALL OF US It's a novel dedicated to those in constant torment with the purpose of encouraging them.WILL BLUES OVERCOME AND SUCCEED? READ TO KNOW. Certainly, if an enemy of your family knows that you have the capability to destroy him, but you are ignorant of it, he will try all ways to keep you in your state of mind. If you are aware of your family influence, your enemy will fight hard to break you emotionally, psychologically, physically and so forth.  It is clearly the same if you are a child of God. The Devil will try hard to break you, but let us look to the one who has power over all; the one who made all by himself and for himself with authority over the visible and invisible. Blues is your story. Blues is my story. It is about things we go through in everyday life that upset our existence. We are all concerned and we all go through it. MY OPINION ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT A non fiction novel We are women; we are beautiful creatures and daughters of God. We have power in our hands. And though considered as the weakest, we are the strongest.Let us behave truly and represent the kingdom of Our Father honorably.  This is just my opinion.


The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is an X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) project based on the SLAC linac [1]. With its nominal set of electron beam, focusing and undulator parameters, it is designed to achieve SASE saturation at an undulator length of about 100 m with an average power of 10 GW. In order to keep the electron beam focused in the undulators, a FODO lattice is integrated along the entire length of the undulators. Nominally, the quadrupole strengths are chosen to produce nearly constant betafunction and beam size along the undulator, optimized for the FEL interaction in the exponential growth regime. Since these quadrupoles are electromagnetic, it is possible to adjust the individual quadrupole strength to vary the betafunction and the beam size along the undulator, tailoring the FEL interaction in the start-up and the saturation regimes. In this paper, we present simulation studies of the tapered betafunction in the LCLS undulator and discuss the generated X-ray properties.


This paper studied the capacity of synthesized zeolite from fly ash for Cr3+ removal in wastewater, and analyzed the influence of contact time, pH, zeolite dosage, initial concentration of Cr3+, temperature on the Cr3+ adsorption process by batch experiments. The results showed that the main component of the synthesized zeolite is an unnamed zeolite. The uptake of Cr3+ on the synthesized zeolite was relatively fast, and the process followed pseudo⁃second⁃order model. Within the range of pH 2.0 ~ 12.0, the synthesized zeolite had high Cr3+ removal efficiency. The Cr3+ removal efficiency improved with the increase of zeolite dosage and decrease with the initial Cr3+ concentration. The Langmuir model can better characterize the adsorption equilibrium data,and the maximum adsorption capacity was 111.655 mg·g-1 . The adsorption process was also found to be endothermic reaction. Compared to the synthesized zeolite, the Cr3+ removal efficiency of zeolite regenerated using NaCl decreased by 11.42%~14.1%, but the regenerated zeolite could still be repeatedly used for Cr3+ removal. These results showed that the synthesized zeolite had a strong potential for Cr3+ removal.


About hard candy, all that

fussing, clumsy with the wrappers

stop, I say, let me do that for you

but he seems to like the—activity?

bacon he says bacon bacon

working the one working corner of his mouth

I make the bacon

It lies untouched, curled like …


We find a class of metric structures which do not admit bilipschitz embeddings into Banach spaces with the Radon-Nikod\'ym property. Our proof relies on Chatterji's (1968) martingale characterization of the RNP and does not use the Cheeger's (1999) metric differentiation theory. The class includes the infinite diamond and both Laakso (2000) spaces. We also show that for each of these structures there is a non-RNP Banach space which does not admit its bilipschitz embedding.
We prove that a dual Banach space does not have the RNP if and only if it admits a bilipschitz embedding of the infinite diamond.
The paper also contains related characterizations of reflexivity and the infinite tree property.


Background: Integrity of ovarian function is a prerequisite for successful implantation of ovum. The subtle changes in ovarian function can be detected by studying endometrial carbohydrates with special stains. Material and Methods: 87 infertile and 30 normal endometria were studied with the help of Hematoxylin& Eosin ( H& E) stain and special stains like Best Carmine, Alcian blue PAS (with and without diastase digestion) and reticulin stain. Results: Special stains were useful in emphasizing the cyclical activity of carbohydrates and stroma in normal endometrium. In infertile endometrium, they helped in precise classification and detection of corpus luteal deficiency, at times (8.7% cases) missed on routine H& E stain . Intrinsic abnormalities like polyps and tuberculous granulomas could be detected with ease on reticulin stain. On application of special stains, incidence of corpus luteal deficiency was 27.5%, and that of anovulatory infertility and normal secretory endometrium was 34.5% each. Conclusion: The special stains helped in detecting precise endometrial response and added to the information obtained by routine H&E stain.


Green Information Systems (IS) are defined in terms of certain sustainability-related characteristics. Sustainability itself is a concept based on subjective values and value judgments, which are p ...


Anaerobic digestion (AD) production and digestate management require increasing automation and digital management. Indeed, using digital technologies can reduce costs and optimize the resources used. However, the stable operation of these technologies relies on widespread and uninterrupted access to the Internet in plant and digestate distribution areas. In this research, 4G internet connection coverage was analyzed in Italian AD plants and agricultural areas within a 15-km radius, where digestate can be returned. The results were compared for different regions in Italy to identify possible critical areas for the digitization of bioenergy production processes. Preliminary results show that the sites where the AD plants are located are generally covered with a stable 4G internet connection, allowing the application of process automation technologies. However, in numerous cases, digestate distribution areas, especially in southern Italy, highlight a weak connection, hindering smart digestate adoption. These results should be considered to implement energy-saving policies and digital transition in the sector.


"Land use is complex phenomenon technological change, climatic changes influences land use changes over time period. Rajasthan, the largest state in geography and varied climatic factors makes it important to understand the land use across the state. Present study aimed at understanding the growth and instability in the different land use categories of Rajasthan with special reference to ten agro-climatic regions of the state. Compound growth rate and cuddy della valle instability index was used to analyse the data. Secondary data collected since after the implementation of second land policy (1973 till 2018). Area under forest and non-agricultural uses as well as area under cultivation in all regions has reported significant positive growth rate whereas area under barren unculturable land and permanent pastures & other Grazing land in almost all agro-climatic regions of Rajasthan has significantly decreased. The land uses category under tree crops & groves reported high instability and swollen data in all study regions for the present study period."


The structure and number distribution of sensilla on the labrum,maxillary palpus and labial palpus of the grasshopper Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis Will.were observed with environmental scanning electron microscope(ESEM).Three sections of labial palpus and five sections of maxillary palpus were observed.The distributions of sensilla were on the surfaces and endpoints of labrum,clypeus,labial palpus and maxillary palpus.The sensilla trichodea,sensilla chaetica,sensilla basiconica,sensilla coeloclnica and sensilla scutellatum were reported.Sensilla trichodea,sensilla chaetica and sensilla basiconica scatterred on the surfaces and endpoints of labrum,clypeus,maxillary palpus and labial palpus.Sensilla coeloclnica was only found on the external surface of labrum,while sensilla scutellatum was only found at the endpoints of labial palpus and maxillary palpus.An attempt has been made to identify the function of the sensilla in order to understand the sensory basis of the feeding behavior of this grassshopper.