We develop a model of vintage human capital in which each technology requires vintage-specific skills. We examine the properties of a stationary equilibrium for our economy. The stationary equilibrium is characterized by an endogenous distribution of skilled workers across vintages. The distribution is shown to be single-peaked. Under general conditions, there is a lag between the appearance of a technology and its peak usage, a phenomenon known as diffusion. An increase in the rate of exogenous technological change shifts the distribution of human capital to more recent vintages, thereby increasing the diffusion rate.


This document combines the findings of two projects for the purpose of making some overall observations about the state of religious youth work in the United States. The first project was a review of the literature on such programs. Research on the topic is rare, while a vast body of indirectly related research spans many disciplines and empirical as well as theoretical vantage points. The second project set out to describe the current landscape of Protestant. Roman Catholic, and Jewish youth programs in the country. From the research it became apparent that: (1) religiosity seems to offer at least a degree of protection to youth against at-risk behavior; (2) current models of religious work do not reflect religious educators' concern for adolescents' integration into the total religious community; (3) religious youth programs now serve the young in more ways than ever, while fewer youths participate; (4) Proteztant, Catholic, and Jewish youth programs have similar goals, assumptions, delivery systems, and educational processes; (5) no one knows how many youths are served by religious youth programs; (6) four out of five adult leaders of religious youth programs are volunteers; and (7) religious youth programs tend not to be accountable to anyone beyond local parent organizations. The groups, however, tend to share committed leadership, youth empowerment, cohesive national structures, a relationship intensive process, and other directedness. A 203-item reference list is attached. (SG) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** A SYNTHESIS OF THE RESEARCH ON, AND A DESCRIPTIVE OVERVIEW OF PROTESTANT, CATHOLIC, AND JEWISH RELIGIOUS YOUTH PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES Kenda Creasy Dean, Director, The Wesley Foundation University of Maryland at College Park Research Associate: Paul R. Yost, Department of Psychology University of Maryland at College Park February 1991 ''s U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Mc. ol Educahonat Rossarch ono Impaovement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 0 Thm dOcumont has been reproduced as recetved from the person or organization eonginatino it )14.Mtnor changes have been made to tmprove roproductIon Quality Points of 'new or op!mOnS stated in thts doc mint do not necessanly represent olftclat OERI posItion or posoy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MERIAL BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." This paper was commissioned by the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development for its Task Force on Youth Development and Community Programs. The views expressed and findings offered are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the position of the Council or Carnegie Corporation. Responsibility for the accuracy of the content of the paper rests with the authors. Permission to reproduce or quote from this paper should be obtained from the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development.


In power control systems for wide-band code division multiple-access (WCDMA), the outer loop power control (OLPC) algorithm initially sets a target signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) based on the required target block error rate (BLER), assuming a particular channel condition. A mismatch between the BLER and the target SIR usually results since the actual and assumed channel conditions are rarely the same. This mismatch tends to be especially large at very low BLERs. The OLPC depends on cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs) and often takes a long time to converge to the required target SIR for low target BLERs. In this paper, a channel-adaptive algorithm is presented that controls the target SIR for downlink transmission in WCDMA TDD. The proposed algorithm characterizes the multipath channel profile using predefined multipath channel patterns and compensates for the channel/mapping errors. Link level simulations are conducted in various channel conditions defined by 3GPP and the ITU. The comparison in performance between the channel-adaptive algorithm and the generic "jump algorithm" is illustrated and conclusions are drawn.


A series of polymers (PBnT, n = 2–5) with boron atoms incorporated into the conjugated polythiophene main chain have been prepared via Pd-catalyzed coupling of stannylated thienylborane monomers. The polymers exhibit excellent long-term chemical stability to air and moisture and remarkable thermal stability with decomposition temperatures reaching over 300 °C. The high stability is achieved by placing very bulky pendant groups, 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl (Mes*) and 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl (FMes), on boron that prevent attack by nucleophiles. All these polymers display strong absorptions in the visible region and intense fluorescence in both solution and the solid state with quantum yields of up to 38% and fast radiative decay constants (kr) of up to 3.3 × 108 s–1. Density functional theory (DFT) studies on diborylated oligothiophene model compounds suggest that the strong absorption of the polymers results from π–π* transitions on the oligothiophene borane main chain with significant charge tran...


1M.Sc. in Irrigation and Drainage, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Iran. 2Corresponding Author, Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Iran (email@example.com). 3Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Iran. 4Faculty member, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Iran.


Micronesia is a descriptive name for the many tiny volcanic islands and coral atolls scattered throughout the Southwest Pacific east of the Philippines and Taiwan north of New Guinea and Melanesia west of Polynesia and south of the Bonin Islands. The United States Trust Territory covers some three million square miles of this area reaching from 10° to 20° N from 130° to 170° E. It includes the Marianas (except Guam) the Carolines and the Marshalls. Land and people are virtually lost within the expanse of the Pacific so much so that many bits of land were long "undiscovered" or once "discovered" were largely ignored during the early period of Pacific expansion. Freedom from history ended as technologies redefined space for bits of land that were too poor to attract conquest and settlement for economic exploitation became convenient ports of call for trading vessels and whaling ships that required food and water. As the nineteenth century developed the tiny islands became more and more intermeshed in the political and economic maneuvers of the imperial powers contending for the remaining unallocated areas of the Pacific. With the defeat of Spain at the end of the century the Pacific areas that did not pass to the United States were sold to Germany and were ruled together with her other Micronesian areas as adjuncts to New Guinea. Imperial Germany lost the islands in 1914 before the conquest of the air had revealed the potentialities of the pin points of solid land that dotted the Pacific expanse from San Francisco to Manila from Sydney to Tokyo. Imperial Japan received the islands as a mandate from the League of Nations and after a period indecision in the twenties moved rapidly forward during the thirties on the militarization that was to etch indelibly in the history of the United States such names as Kwajalein Eniwetok Saipan and Tinian. (excerpt)


Colombia is considered by many experts as an important emerging market. Its economy frequently has
an annual growth rate above 4%. However, according to the World Bank, 30% of the population lives
on less than USD $1.90 a day [1]. Since 1999, Universidad EAFIT in Medellin, Colombia, has been
the only university offering a Product Design Engineering (PDE) undergraduate program in the
country. Starting in 2012, the Design Project 6 (DP6) course has focused on understanding relevant
aspects of designing for "bottom of the pyramid" (BoP) communities in Medellin, allowing students to
propose product/service solutions for social needs. In this course, faculty and students have been
working with different government organizations and other institutions, such as non-profit
foundations, in order to understand real needs in their context. Over the course of the semester,
students are guided by a community-based design method using different techniques, including the
Human-Centred design and the IDEO Design Kit [13] [14]. An important challenge for students is not
only to propose a solution for a contextualized social need, but also to implement ubiquitous
technology or use the Internet of Things (IoT) to increase the efficiency of the BoP project and thus
contribute to the scalability of their initiatives. This article describes the methodology used in DP6 and
PDE student experiences in the course, showing that involving them in design projects with a high
degree of social experience is key to ensure more inclusive social development and an integral
education.


At first, the abstract beauty of molecules was what drew David Smith to research. During his school days near Manchester, in the United Kingdom, Smith developed a love for physics. But that was before two chemistry teachers and Linus Pauling's book, The Nature of the Chemical Bond , inspired him to


The Gas-Dynamic Trap (GDT) is a long axisymmetric mirror confinement system with the high mirror ratio [1,2]. The plasma confined in the GDT is of two-component. One component is a collisional warm «background» plasma with the ion and electron temperatures of 5-120 eV and density of (1-15)⋅10 cm. For this component the ion mean free path of scattering into the loss cone is less than mirror-to-mirror distance that suggests the gasdynamic regime of confinement. The 45 Neutral Beams (NB) injection creates the second plasma component that is fast ions with energies of 2-15 keV and the density up to 10 cm. For this component the ion mean free path of scattering into the loss cone is much greater than mirror-to mirror distance. Consequently the regime of confinement is appeared to be mirror for this component. The main objective of the GDT experiments is the studying of the basic physical phenomena underlying the project of a 14 MeV neutron source for the irradiation testing of the fusion materials [3]. As it was shown in the recent experiments on the Gas-Dynamic Trap [4], application of the plasma gun to fuel the plasma during the NB-heating causes an additional heat flux into the gun muzzle, which is comparable to collisional losses through the mirrors. Furthermore the GDT plasma gun requires a 5-12 MW power supply. The last imposes restrictions on the use of the plasma gun in a neutron source in regimes of steady state operation. That motivated the using a gas-puffing as an alternative way for the bulk plasma fueling in the GDT under NB-heating.


Laser-induced fluorescence line narrowing and non-line narrowing spectroscopic methods were applied to conformational studies of stable DNA adducts of the 7{beta}, 8{alpha}-dihydoxy-9{alpha}, l0{alpha}-epoxy-7,8,9, 10-tetrahydrobenzo[{alpha}]pyrene (anti-BPDE). Stereochemically distinct (+)-trans-, ({minus})-trans-, (+)-cis- and ({minus})-cis adducts of anti-BPDE bound to exocyclic amino group of the central guanine in an 11-mer oligonucleotide, exist in a mixture of conformations in frozen aqueous buffer matrices. The (+)-trans adduct adopts primarily an external conformation with a smaller fraction ( {approximately} 25 %) exists in a partially base-stacked conformation. Both cis adducts were found to be intercalated with significant {pi}-{pi} stacking interactions between the pyrenyl residues and the bases. Conformations of the trans-adduct of (+)-anti -BPDE in 11-mer oligonucleotides were studied as a function of flanking bases. In single stranded form the adduct at G{sub 2} or G{sub 3} (5 ft-flanking, base guanine) adopts a conformation with strong, interaction with the bases. In contrast, the adduct with a 5ft-flanking, thymine exists in a primarily helixexternal conformation. Similar differences were observed in the double stranded oligonucleotides. The nature of the 3ft-flanking base has little influence on the conformational equilibrium of the (+)-trans-anti BPDE-dG adduct. The formation and repair of BPDE-N{sup 2}-dG in DNA isolated from the skin of mice treated topically with benzo[{alpha}]pyrene (BP) was studied. Low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy of the intact DNA identified the major adduct as (+)-trans-anti-BPDE-N-dG, and the minor adduct fraction consisted mainly of (+)-cis-anti-BPDE-N{sup 2}-dG.


As a new cloud computing services and computing model itself does not break away from traditional concepts of information security coverage, still faces a variety of traditional security threats, including physical physical security, network security, host security. Because of their characteristics of cloud computing will lead to generate some new security issues, such as internal virtual machine to attack each other, the super administrator rights and other issues. In this paper, cloud computing security problems faced by specific solutions.


This document is the final technical report for a project designed to address fundamental processes controlling the release of mercury from flood plain soils associated with East Fork Poplar Creek, Tennessee near the U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge facility. The report summarizes the activities, findings, presentations, and publications resulting from an award to the U.S. Geological that were part of a larger overall effort including Kathy Nagy (University of Illinois, Chicago, Ill) and Joseph Ryan (University of Colorado, Boulder, CO). The specific charge for the U.S.G.S. portion of the study was to provide analytical support for the larger group effort (Nagy and Ryan), especially with regard to analyses of Hg and dissolved organic matter, and to provide information about the release of mercury from the floodplain soils.


Theoretical dependencies for evaluating the strain-stress state of elements of twined items during twisting have been obtained. Implementation of the research findings enables higher efficiency of load-lifting machines.


Based on the analysis of the signal in anti-radiation missile(ARM) contradict active decoy,a novel algorithm of signal direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is proposed.An algebraic solution of the zero subspace is derived based on the Vandermonde structure of the uniform linear array's steering vectors,and then,the DOA estimation is gotten with a polynomial rooting method.Since only the first order statistics of the array output data is used,compared with the classic Root-MUSIC,the proposed algorithm is not only more computational saved but also more robust in the situation that all the sources are closely spaced and correlated/coherent.At last,the results of simulation prove the validity of the novel algorithm.


Abstract The report shows the current opportunities for obtaining astronomical knowledge in school and outside it, through the use of non-formal education. These are school and extracurricular activities, schools, astronomical competitions and Olympiads, observation expeditions. For 25 years Bulgaria has been participating in the International Olympiads in Astronomy and Astronomy and Astrophysics with National Teams. The role and place of the system of Public Astronomical Observatories and Planetaria in the system of non-formal education in astronomy are discussed (In Bulgaria there are 7 Public astronomical observatories with a planetarium). Specialized activities in their school forms allow the formation of sustainable astronomical knowledge and observational habits.


Fibroblasts isolated by traditional explant culture from skin biopsies in systemic sclerosis (SSc) have a profibrotic and "migratory" phenotype. Single cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) studies suggest other fibroblast subpopulations may be important in SSc pathogenesis. We have isolated a second fibroblast population termed "resident" from whole skin in SSc. We used bulk and scRNAseq to further characterise these populations.

 Forearm skin from dcSSc (n = 3) and HC (n = 3) was biopsied. "Migratory" fibroblasts were isolated by standard explant culture. The remaining biopsy fragments underwent collagenase digestion to yield a second "resident" fibroblast population. Functional characterization included 3-D collagen gel contraction, migratory scratch-wound assays and western blot comparing expression of pro-collagen I, CTGF and αSMA. Significant difference in gene expression was defined by fold change≥1.5, and adjusted p-value<0.05. scRNAseq was performed on 12 SSc whole skin biopsies, and 3 HC, using the 10X Genomics platform.

 Both SSc fibroblast populations showed a fibrotic phenotype with overexpression of COL1, CTGF and αSMA compared to HC, but with reduced expression αSMA in resident compared to migratory SSc fibroblasts (p < 0.05). RNAseq confirmed 1483 genes being significantly differentially expressed between the SSc fibroblast populations (Table 1). All four populations clustered separately on hierarchical clustering. 10 fibroblast clusters were identified using scRNAseq of whole skin. Of these, cluster 0 and 4 showed greater expression of COL10A1, and STC2 in keeping with migratory fibroblasts. Increased expression of CCL2, and EGR1 were seen in clusters 3 and 6, representing the resident fibroblast population. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) confirmed concordance between KEGG pathway upregulation of the migratory and resident fibroblast clusters and bulk RNAseq analysis. Resident fibroblasts showed upregulation of complement and coagulation genes, and JAK/STAT signalling pathway. There was upregulation of glycolysis gluconeogenesis, and PPAR signalling in migratory fibroblasts. There was agreement in GSEA findings between relevant scRNAseq clusters and bulkRNAseq for resident and migratory subpopulations.

 We have isolated for the first time two distinct profibrotic fibroblast populations from SSc skin with altered expression of key genes associated with SSc pathogenesis. Future work will define their role in SSc pathogenesis, potentially facilitating a more targeted treatment approach.
 Disclosure
 K.E. Clark: None. S. Xu: None. V.H. Ong: None. C.D. Buckley: None. C. Denton: None.


Objective To report depressed defects of phalanx under the reconstructed pulleys with Bunnell' s technique.Methods Sixteen annular pulleys were reconstructod in 12 digits of 9 cases with Bunnell's technique.Of them,11 were the second annular pulleys,1 was the third annular pulley,and 4 were the fourth annular pulleys.The foUow-up period ranged from 4 months to 55 months with an average of 25.22 months.The function of reconstructed pulleys was observed.The active flexion-extension motion of joints of the finger was measured.The phalanges were examined with x-ray.Results All Of reconstructed pulleys healed successfully and functioned very well.No flexor tendon bewstringing was found postoperatively.Active motion of metacarpophalangeal,proximal and distal interphalangeal joints increased respectively.The depressed defects of phalanges were found in the area in contact with the reconstructed pulleys in all the cases.Narrowing of medullary cavities ostcophyte formation,and thinning of cortex of phalanges were found in some cases.Conclusion Depressed defects of phalanges could be found following Bunnell's procedure of pulley reconstruction.It could be resulted from the pressure converted from flexor tendon traction load by the reconstructed pulleys.


The present invention relates to a drainage system (200a) in the elevator system (100a), and the drainage system (200a) is an open system, the number of digestion to penetrate through the holes (21a) Access contact threshold (20a) with the passages contact meet the threshold collector plate (22a) disposed below (20a) it can be discharged substantially along at least one of the passage walls (15a to 15d).


New research project with industry A new research project has been approved; "Strategic, Tactical and Operational implementation of Sustainability into the Innovation Process - STOSIP" is the name and...


Method for manufacturing a solar cell, detecting the structural defects (A1, A2) existing in compartment elements (21), wherein the structural defect (A1, A2) and an image by imaging the area including the scribe line 19 (M) to impart, and specifying a first number of pixels corresponding to the width of the scribe line 19 interval or the scribe line 19 between the adjacent, between the scribe line (19) adjacent a stored together and a reference to the actual measured value that represents the width of the gap, or previously stored in the scribe line 19, by comparing the first number of pixels with the actual measurement value and calculating a first chamber dimensions per pixel on the image (M) , and specifying a second number of pixels corresponding to the distance of the structural defect (A1, A2) and the scribe line 19, as compared to the second number of pixels and the room dimensions per the first pixel to calculate the defect position information , based on the defect position information and electrically separate the structural defect (A1, A2) is irradiated with laser light.


A potential replacement candidate for the aging operational WSR-88D infrastructure currently in place is the phased array radar (PAR) system. The current WSR-88Ds take ~5 min to produce a full volumetric scan of the atmosphere, whereas PAR technology allows for full volumetric scanning of the same atmosphere every ~1 min. How this increase in temporal frequency of radar observations might affect the National Severe Storms Laboratory's (NSSL) Warn-on-Forecast system (WoFS), which is a storm-scale ensemble data assimilation and forecast system for severe convective weather, is unclear. Since radar data assimilation is critical for the WoFS, this study explores the optimal temporal frequency of PAR observations for storm-scale data assimilation using the 31 May 2013 El Reno, Oklahoma, tornadic supercell event. The National Severe Storms Laboratory's National Weather Radar Testbed PAR in Norman, Oklahoma, began scanning this event more than an hour before the first (and strongest) tornado developed near El Reno, and scanned most of the tornadic supercell's evolution. Several experiments using various cycling and data frequencies to synchronously and asynchronously assimilate these PAR observations are conducted to produce analyses and very short-term forecasts of the El Reno supercell. Forecasts of low-level reflectivity and midlevel updraft helicity are subjectively evaluated and objectively verified using spatial and object-based techniques. Results indicate that assimilating more frequent PAR observations can lead to more accurate analyses and probabilistic forecasts of the El Reno supercell at longer lead times. Hence, PAR is a promising radar platform for WoFS.


Urokinase might play a role in the formation of kidney stones. This study was done to determine the association between +4065 T/C polymorphism at the 3′-untranslated region of urokinase gene and calcium kidney stones. This Case-Control study was carried out on 70 cases with a history of calcium kidney stones and 70 controls from the Baqiyatallah hospital of Tehran in 2013. The study of polymorphism was performed by Allele-specific PCR method. Mutant T allele frequency was %41 in cases and %18 in controls. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was tested using chi-square test. The chi-square showed that the control population is in HWE, and as expected, the patient group does not follow HWE. The odds ratio for the risk of the T allele was 1.7 (%95 confidence interval 0.2988-1.158). A significant association was found between the urokinase gene T/C polymorphism and the formation of calcium kidney stones. Also, effect modification was examined for both sexes and different age groups. According to the results, T polymorphism in the 3'-UTR of urokinase gene may increase with age.


Naphtha catalytic reforming is one of the main processes of gasoline production with high octane number. Inactive catalysts and changing the products distribution is an important issue in this process. In this paper we discussed the kinetic overview of catalytic reforming units (fixed and continuous reforming). The catalyst activity model introduced in this research study has been used as a function of temperature and process time to detect the catalyst deactivation. The kinetic model and catalyst activity were estimated by using the genetic algorithm as well as overlapping the proposed model results with the experimental data. The results of the modeling showed that the amount of the aromatics during the reactor reduced the trend due to the decrease in the amount of paraffin and naphthen. After the process modeling, the effect of different factors such as time, reactor temperature changes, reactors operating pressure, and the ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon on the activity of catalysts and distribution of the products were investigated. The results revealed that, the aromatics rate decreased and coke formed rate on the catalyst surface increased by catalyst activity passing time. Also, increasing the input temperature and reducing the ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon enhanced the aromatics produced rate.


The paper analyzes the reason and gives diagnosis methods of the trouble and puts forward the measure to change the structure existed and the notes during repairing to eliminate the lubrication fault of the centralized lubrication system and rotary gear box on the cutter drill of YZ-35.


1 Takemori N, Hirai K, Onodera R et al. Satisfactory remission achieved by PUVA therapy in a case of crisis-type adult T-cell leukaemia ⁄ lymphoma with generalized cutaneous leukaemic cell infiltration. Br J Dermatol 1995; 133: 955–60. 2 Fett NM, Siddiqui J, Creswell CH et al. Adult T-cell leukemia ⁄ lymphoma in a patient from Romania. A case report and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 2008; 35 (Suppl. 1): 32–7. 3 Gambichler T, Breuckmann F, Boms S et al. Narrowband UVB phototherapy in skin conditions beyond psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 52: 660–70.


This paper explores the behaviour of a Bulk Arrival Retrial Queue Model (BARQ) with two phases of service under the Bernoulli Vacation schedule and Breakdown (BVSB). Each batch of customers arriving the system finds if the server is available, instantly utilizes the service. If the server is busy, under breakdown, or taking a vacation, then the customers enter into the orbit. After completing both service stages, the server will either take a vacation with probability p or wait until the next customer arrives with probability 1 - p or q. Our approach considers the nature of the customer as balking and also takes into account the breakdown of server, which may occur instantaneously during any stage of service. Significant performance measures have been derived and presented. A numerical study of the proposed model is carried out using MATLAB and results were reported.


In this work, the task of document image classification is dealt with, particularly in the case of pre-printed forms, where a large part of the document can be filled-in with the result of a potentially very different image. A method for the selection of discriminative local features is presented and tested along with two different classification algorithms. The first one is an incremental version of the method proposed in (Arlandis et al., 2009), based on similarity searching around a set anchor points, and the second one is based on a direct voting scheme ((Arlandis et al., 2011)). Experiments on a document database consisting of real office documents with a very high variability, as well as on the NIST SD6 database, are presented. A confidence measure intended to reject unknown documents (those that have not been indexed in advance as a given document class) is also proposed and tested.


This paper provides an integrated treatment of time activity analysis including a structural definition of time, a systematic array of time constructs, and a multidisciplinary time use model. A paradigm of consumer time use is outlined, and avenues for future research are suggested.


Objectives. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP). Study design. A large German health insurance company provided data on prescription reimbursements and sociodemographics for all women giving birth between June 2000 and May 2001. The prescribed drugs were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code. The data was linked to the database of the Bavarian Perinatal Study in order to obtain information about psychosocial variables. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test several psychosocial variables as possible predictors of NVP. Results. The risk of developing NVP was two times higher for non-smokers than for smokers (OR = 2.03 KI [1.02–4.05]) and dropped about 3% (OR = 0.97 KI [0.94–0.99]) with every year of age. Being single raised the risk of NVP by about 50% (OR = 1.49 KI [1.24–1.79]) compared to women who lived with a partner, and among these women living alone, working lowered the adjusted risk about two thirds (OR = 0.34 KI [0.24–0.49]) compared to women who did not work. Conclusion. Psychosocial variables have a clear influence on nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Physicians should be aware of this fact when seeing women asking for treatment.


The article suggests the author»s approach to defining the management policy of entrepreneurial activity in the macroeconomic and mesoeconomic systems.
The author formulates the principles and policy determinants, which allow developing management policies of entrepreneurial activity in the business cycle of economic system.


Nowadays, with the sustainable economic development in China, the management of the urban constructional planning in various cities in China has also made great progress and improvement, and urban infrastructure construction is also constantly being improved. To make people's work and life more convenient, municipal projects are also increasing. Municipal water supply and drainage engineering construction in cities are indispensable in urban infrastructure construction. Long-distance drainage often occurs in the construction of water supply and drainage. In order to solve this situation, relevant staff have specially developed a series of long-distance pipe jacking technology and applied it to the construction of municipal water supply and drainage projects, which greatly improves the quality and the efficiency of municipal water supply and drainage projects.


In this paper, an accurate modeling approach to wideband Wi-Fi power amplifiers (PA) with memory effects is presented. Modeling accuracy is improved by interpolating the measured data from a low sampling rate of 40 MHz to high data rates with different interpolation factors based on the propagation delay of the actual PA. A memory polynomial (MP) model of the PA is able to characterize both nonlinear properties and memory effects of the actual PA; especially for wide bandwidth Wi-Fi OFDM signal transmission. With this improved MP model of the PA, another similar memory polynomial model for the predistorter (PD) is developed to linearize wideband WiFi PAs.


The Louis Vuitton Foundation in Paris is a building drawn by the well‐known architect Franck Ghery. As it can be observed on the above pictures, the structure is very complex and its behavior was not easy to deal with. If the dead load had to be analyzed with precision, the wind loading was another challenge. Of course, tests in a wind tunnel lab were carried out in order to measure the net wind pressures on the twelve glass roofs, wind pressures that had to be used for the design.For each roof, the design office had the distribution of the pressures for different wind directions related to time. For the design, the PSD of the wind measures on each sensor were at the disposal of the engineers. First difficulty, the maximum frequency of the lab measurements was about 1 Hz whereas the first frequency of the roofs was about 2 Hz. Second difficulty, as far as the design was concerned: it was essential to extract some equivalent wind loadings for each roof with the aim that these loadings were representative of maximum induced wind effects.For that purpose, a mathlab program has been developed to conduct a spectral analysis based on a finite element model of each roof. The paper will describe the procedure and the main equivalent wind loading used for the final design of the structure.


It is necessary to calculate the RCS generated by several wind blades for the three-dimensional mesh analysis of a target moved for each sampling time. In this paper, we propose a method of calculating dynamic RCS through physical optics. The computational speed was improved by applying the graphics processing unit-based two-scale-model ray-tracing method to enhance the ray tracing efficiency. Finally, the proposed method was used to calculate the dynamic RCS of two wind blades at different rotational speeds.


Gigaphoton is progressing with development aiming at mass production of 250 W (@I/F) EUV light sources for mass production plants going beyond the 10 nm node. We like to report the development status of the first generation commercial type unit. The facility was constructed in Gigaphoton Hiratsuka plant, and its operation started from September 2016. The latest data of the system test in the 1st pilot machine has demonstrated that stable emission data (3σ<0.5%) can be obtained under Duty=95% continuously for 134 hours in the exposure operation simulation of 113W (in Burst) of EUV output. Currently we are continuing life tests of the collector mirror.


We investigated how bats use habitat structure along the vertical gradient of an old-growth Sequoia sempervirens (redwood) forest. Ground-based detection methods would underrepresent bats that use the canopy and above-canopy airspace in this forest as they reach far beyond practical netting and acoustic detection range. We equipped two tall trees with full spectrum automated bat detectors at treetop (108 m), lower crown (55 m), and ground level (5 m) from April 2008 to November 2009, excluding December and January. We sampled 1,365 detector nights, recorded 3,769 echolocation sequences (bat passes), and found 12 species, two of which, Lasiurus blossevillii and Tadarida brasiliensis, that had no prior documented presence in redwood forests. The maximum proportion of bat activity occurred at treetop, although ground level species diversity exceeded that of the lower crown and treetop, and species composition differed among locations. Non-Myotis species composed 95% of the calls at the treetop, 88% at lower crown, and 21% at ground level. Calls from Myotis species averaged 71% of all calls recorded at ground level compared to less than 4% at both lower crown and treetop. Activity declined markedly, but did continue, during the winter months we sampled. The combination of a temperate climate and observations of larger, migratory species during November, February, and March suggested the potential for resident populations or inland migrants overwintering in this forest. These findings emphasize the importance of sampling throughout the calendar year and including the full reach of the vertical habitat when quantifying bat activity in forests.


Objective To determine whether intra‐umbilical vein injection with saline solution, with or without oxytocin, reduces the need for manual removal of placenta compared with expectant management.


This study was performed to investigate the effects of fermented extract of Pinus densiflora (FPD) on oxygen radicals and -induced damage. The results are as follows: 1. The 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals were considerably reduced by FPD and value was showed the concentration of 20 ㎍/㎖. 2. The cytotoxicity did not observe by FPD treatment in A548 cells. 3. The -induced cell damage was recovered by FPD pretreatment in A549 cells. These results suggest that FPD, as a natural antioxidant, has scavenging effect of free radicals and protection effect from -induced cytotoxicity.


In this paper we present a technique for ellipse detection in digital images based on swarm intelligence algorithm and arc segment combination. The proposed method is then used as embryo quality scoring assessment during the first 24-48 hours since its morphological structure can be approximated by ellipse. The idea of the proposed algorithm are based on combining possible arcs for the ellipse shaped objects and try to find the best combinations using Particle Swarm Optimization technique to find the actual ellipse. The process involves detecting line segments in the image and then followed by arc segment extraction from lines to get potential elliptical arcs. The detection process is then guided by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) by utilizing the calculation of the fitness function from the arc segment that had been detected previously. The measurement results of proposed method are then compared with manual measurements. The experiment results were conducted on both synthetic data and real embryo images. Experiment results showed that the proposed method is better than several ellipse detection methods such as RHT, IRHT, and PSORHT to detect ellipses on the image. Another advantage of our proposed algorithm compared to the Hough Transform variants is that it can be used for multiple ellipse detection.


This study reconstructs and interprets the changing range of Atlas cedar in northern Morocco over the last 9,000 years. A synthesis of fossil pollen records indicated that Atlas cedars occupied a wider range at lower elevations during the mid-Holocene than today. The mid-Holocene geographical expansion reflected low winter temperatures and higher water availability over the whole range of the Rif Mountains relative to modern conditions. A trend of increasing aridity observed after 6000 years BP progressively reduced the range of Atlas cedar and prompted its migration towards elevations above 1400 masl. To assess the impact of climate change on cedar populations over the last decades, we performed a transient model simulation for the period between 1960 and 2010. Our simulation showed that the range of Atlas cedar decreased by about 75% over the last 50 years and that the eastern populations of the range in the Rif Mountains were even more threatened by the overall lack of water availability than the western ones. Today, Atlas cedar populations in the Rif Mountains are persisting in restricted and isolated areas (Jbel Kelti, Talassemtane, Jbel Tiziren, Oursane, Tidighine) that we consider to be modern microrefugia. Conservation of these isolated populations is essential for the future survival of the species, preserving polymorphisms and the potential for population recovery under different climatic conditions.


The invention provides a method and device for processing a user incoming call. The method for processing a user incoming call includes the steps of: reading incoming call information of a user incoming call; according to the incoming call information, obtaining existing label information of a user; obtaining a value of missing label information of the user, calculating an expected value of the user according to a value of the existing label information and the value of the missing label information, and calculating an urgency value according to incoming call information; and according to the expected value and the urgency value, processing the user incoming call. The method can reduce the probability of hanging up after the user enters a queuing system, thereby reducing call loss, improving a call completing rate, and improving user experience.


In this paper, an optimal trade-off between the Optical Distribution Network (ODN) power budget and the upstream optical Signal-to-Rayleigh Ratio (US-oSRR), for a Single- Fibre/Wavelength TDM-PON rSOA-based ONU network is presented. Up to 32 ONUs can be reached over a practical implementation. Burst operation is considered.


Li4Ti5O12 is the most potential candidate anode material of lithium-ion power battery for hybrid electric vehicles.In order to improve its rate performance,through doping and heat treatment on Li4Ti5O12 with urea as ni-trogen source,TiN high electrical conducting layer was prepared by insitu selfgrowing on the surface of Li4Ti5O12 particles.The crystalline structure,morphology,composition and electrochemical properties were studied by XRD,SEM,TEM,EDS,Raman spectra and half cell charge/discharge performance testing.The results show that nitridated Li4Ti5O12 powers have the same diffraction peak positions of the spinel structure of Li4Ti5O12 with pristine Li4Ti5O12,and it is observed the presence of nitrogen and Raman feature vibration bands of TiN in insitu selfgrowing a homogeneously layer on the surface of Li4Ti5O12 particles.The first discharge specific capacity of nitridated Li4Ti5O12 samples slightly decreases than pristine Li4Ti5O12 samples at 0.1C rate.However,the discharge spe-cific capacity of the nitridated Li4Ti5O12 samples is 1.6 times higher than that of the pristine Li4Ti5O12 samples at 3C rate charge and discharge,and the capacity loss of them is only 3% at 0.1C rate after 100 cycle numbers.The results illuminate the nitridated Li4Ti5O12 samples have good electrochemical rate performances and cycling behavior.


The invention provides an automatic temperature-control and constant-temperature animal breeding and nursing nest for improving the parturition rate of the mother animal, and the survival rate of the son animal. By combining with the conventional animal husbandry lechodochium firewood batting nest mode, aiming at the environment requirement of the mother animal for gestation, parturition, conservation, and being heated by an electric heat wire (an electric heat film) and temperature-controlled by an automatic temperature-control switch, the product is formed according to the nest of the wild animal by the means that the plastic, the glass steel, the magnesium oxide or the metal material is taken as a main plate or a sealed bottom shell to solve the difficulty that the parturition rate of the mother animal and thee survival rate of the son animal are low.


The effects induced on the normal state magnetization by fluctuating Cooper pairs have been measured in ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{In}}_{x}$ alloys up to magnetic fields above ${H}_{C2}(0)$, the upper critical field extrapolated to $T=0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Our results show that in dirty alloys these superconducting fluctuation effects are, in the entire $H\ensuremath{-}T$ phase diagram above ${H}_{C2}(T)$, independent of the amount of impurities and that they vanish when $H\ensuremath{\sim}1.1{H}_{C2}(0)$. These striking results seem to be consistent with the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle to the shrinkage of the superconducting wave function.


The Americans with Disabilities Act (Public Law 101-336) was signed into law on July 26, 1990 and took effect on January 26, 1992. This law, the most sweeping civil rights legislation since the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1973 Rehabilitation Act, has far-reaching ramifications for libraries. In a census of Ohio's 134 college and university libraries, data was gathered on the types of accommodations which have been made in Title II (Public), Title III (Private) and Title IV (Communication services and auxiliary aids) with respect to access, auxiliary aids and services, restroom facilities, signage, and staff and policymaking. Hypotheses regarding the effects of library characteristics such as type of school, new/old building, single/multi-storied building, and staff with disabilities were tested. Whether the institution was private or public was by far the most differentiating factor in the institutions' levels of accommodation. Whatever the cause may be behind this difference (funding, demand, etc.), these findings should be a vital consideration to policymakers.


In recent years, with the vigorous development of the Internet and multimedia technology, the application of Computer-assisted Instruction (CAI) in education has become more and more extensive. The use of new media and new technology to strengthen aerobics teaching and education can activate the classroom atmosphere on the premise of improving the quality of teaching, and it is self-evident to the importance of aerobics teaching. The purpose of this article is to study the application and design of CAI system in aerobics teaching. This article firstly analyzes the functional and non-functional requirements of the CAI system in the teaching of aerobics from the method of teaching needs. Then the system design of the administrator subsystem, the teacher subsystem and the student subsystem in the functional design of the system modules are carried out, and the feasibility and reliability of the system are determined through the function and performance test of the system. Finally, through observation method and questionnaire survey method, the two classes of CAI and traditional teaching are analyzed systematically. Survey data shows that about 90% of students in CAI classes are focused, while only 70% of students in traditional teaching classes are focused; traditional teaching classes account for 21% of participants, while CAI participation is about 42%. It shows that CAI is generally better than traditional teaching in terms of students' classroom performance.


Surgeons use operative procedure to save life and to treat patient's disease. Advances are made with new operations and/or designing and modification of surgical instrument. This paper reviews the great surgical advances in the United States in the last century, presented in tabular form and arranged chronologically by year of first publication. Major topics covered include: cancer management, pulmonary, cardiac and vascular surgery, war surgery, care of trauma and burn, minimal invasive and robot surgery, organ transplantation and facial reconstruction, medical and surgical devices.


The drawback of the conventional multilevel thresholding methods is high computational cost since they do exhaustive search among exponentialy growing number of possible thresholds to optimize the objective functions. In this paper a new multilevel thresholding method based on cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is proposed in order to overcome this obstacle. The optimal thresholds are found by maximizing Kapur's thresholding function. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is also implemented and compared to our proposed method. Both algorithms have been tested on four sample images and the experimental results obtained by our proposed CS based method have been found to be better than those obtained by PSO algorithm. Key-Words: Maximum entropy thresholding, Image thresholding, Cuckoo search algorithm, Particle swarm optimization, Nature inspired metaheuristics, Swarm intelligence


Seyyed M. Hasheminejad and Reza Avazmohammdi (2007). Elastic Wave Scattering in Porous Unidirectional Fiber-reinforced Composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 26: 495–517. In the above article the second author's name was spelt incorrectly. It should be: Reza Avazmohammadi


Chronic stress causes biological disturbances. Admission in orthopaedic unit produces a crisis situation for both the
patient and family members. If the event is not handled properly, the result may be prolonged physical and
psychological instability of family member, a situation that may adversely affect patient outcome. The present
researchstatementistoassessthelevelofstressamongfamilymemberpatient admitted in orthopedic ward Amritsar.
Approach to research involves the description of plan to investigate phenomenon under study. In non – experimental
approach, the research describes the phenomenon. A descriptive research approach will be used for present study.
Non experimental research design is used assess the level of stress among family member patient admitted in orthopedic
ward of Parkash hospital. In this study the sample size is 60 family member of patient admitted in orthopedic ward.
It was concluded that almost any form of exercise or movement can increase your fitness level while decreasing
your stress.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the accuracy of flight dynamic parameters for smart baseballs (SB), especially Strike, MAQ, PitchTracker and iBall. Various SBs were pitched ten times on the standard baseball area whereas a pitcher threw the SB toward the home plate. We also measured the value using Rapsodo Pitching (RP) and speed gun (SG) to confirm the flight dynamic parameters. When measuring the velocity of PitchTracker, the result from SG is significantly higher than the result shown in RP and PitchTracker (105.4 ± 1.45 vs 113.9 ± 1.30 & 111.2 ± 0.64 km/h, p<.05). Additionally, the velocity of the ball measured by SG is generally slower than the actual speed. However, no statistical difference was found between RP and SBs when measuring the spin and rotation axis angle. Overall, the velocity and spin results obtained from the SBs when pitching Strike and PitchTracker are close to the result detected by RP.


Winter feeds costs for small ruminants exceeds 50% of the total cost of most small ruminant production systems in the Southeastern U.S. Keeping these feed costs low is one of the most effective and time-tested ways to improve farm profitability. While maintaining an appropriate stocking rate will be critical for sustaining long-term farm productivity, a suite of other management practices is available to assist in this objective. Installing appropriate fence and watering system infrastructure for managing grazing will be critical for improving harvest efficiency and stockpiling forages for utilization when forage growth is limited. Filling gaps in forage production may also be achieved through the strategic use of a number of forage species, including warm-season or cool-season forages and annual or perennial forages. Managing stored forages appropriately during storing and feeding will help minimize feed losses, while producing quality hay will reduce the need for supplementary feeds. With the adoption of these proven practices, sheep and goat production may be optimized by allowing them to harvest their own feed almost year-round in the Southeastern U.S.


57 ABSTRACT Fibers, filaments and sheets from aromatic polyamides which are dyeable with cationic dyestuffs are prepared by solution polycondensation of a. aromatic dicarboxylic acid dichlorides optionally containing up to 5 mol% of aliphatic and/or cyclo aliphatic dicarboxylic acid dichlorides b. aromatic diamines optionally containing up to 5 mol % of aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic diamines, and c. 2 to 5 mol %, relative to the total amount of dicarboxylic acid dichlorides, of 4-chlorocarbonyl sulfobenzoic acid anhydride of the formula


The application of picking robot will be a development trend of agricultural mechanization and has a great prospect. The fruit-picking robots develop rapidly abroad, but are studying in China. According to comparativeness and analysis of the manipulators of picking-robot including right-angled coordinate, polar coordinate and arthritis, the comparative structure analysis of end-effectors were carried on and the effects of different planting methods on structure design were considered. In the end, different kinds of manipulators suitable for different kinds of vegetables and fruits were brought up, which provides theories for the design of picking robots.


Using FPGA as accelerators is gaining popularity in Cloud computing. Usually, FPGA accelerators in a datacenter are managed as a single resource pool. By issuing a request to this pool, a tenant can transparently access FPGA resources. FPGA requests usually arrive in batches. The objective of scheduling is to minimize the make-span of a given batch of requests, which is the completion time of the entire batch of jobs. As a result, either the responsiveness is improved, or the system throughput is maximized. The key technical challenge is the existence of multiple resource bottlenecks. An FPGA job can be bottlenecked by either computation (i.e., computation-intensive) or network (i.e., network-intensive), and sometimes by both. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that minimizes the make-span of batched requests for an FPGA accelerator pool in Cloud computing that considers multiple resource bottlenecks. In this paper, we design several scheduling algorithms to address the challenge. We implement our scheduling algorithms in an IBM Cloud system. We conduct extensive evaluations on both a small scale testbed and a large-scale simulator. Compared with the Shortest-Job-First scheduling, our algorithms can reduce the make-span by 36.25 percent, and improve the system throughput by 36.05 percent.


Numerical simulations of dipole dynamics have been studied by employing a recently proposed modified strong dipole proton coupling (MSDPC) model of the phase transition in the hydrogen-bonded type of ferroelectrics. The obtained results in the form of the spectral density of the polarization fluctuation along the polar axis and along the lateral direction are simulated and correlated with known experimental data obtained primarily by Raman and infrared spectroscopy on KDP and DKDP lattices. A central peak (CP) appears in the calculated spectral density of the longitudinal polarization fluctuation in the ferroelectric phase of KDP and DKDP. The simulated CP indicates an order-disorder mechanism of excitation in the paraelectric phase near T c in both crystals. By increasing the temperature to 460 K, the crossover to the displacive behavior for KDP lattice is predicted. The model also predicts a low-frequency flat anomaly for KDP and a CP for DKDP in the spectral density of transversal polarization fluctuations, as was earlier detected by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The superiority of the MSDPC model is additionally tested in the description of the experimentally obtained pressure-induced change of the CP line shape for KDP.


Mundlos, 2016]. Third, mixed mutational mechanisms in which CNVs, chromosome disruptions and gene mutations may occur simultaneously. A particular type of mixed mutational mechanism, namely unmasking of a recessive disease allele by an overlapping loss in the other chromosome, known from studies of SVs, in particular CNVs, has recently been confirmed by diagnostic whole exome sequencing of a cohort of 2,076 patients [Flipsen-ten Berg et al., 2007; Hochstenbach et al., 2012; Poot and Haaf, 2015; Posey et al., 2017]. In 3 out of 101 patients exhibiting symptoms pertaining to 2 syndromes, homozygous intragenic deletions of 1–3 exons of a single gene were found [Posey et al., 2017]. This study shows that intragenic deletions may occur more often than thus far thought and highlights their relevance as a pathogenic mechanism [Poot, 2017; Posey et al., 2017]. These data are in agreement with the impression from a review of 27 literature reports that patients with "double syndromes" are more likely to harbor unmasking of recessive alleles than those with apparently random assortments of symptoms [Flipsen-ten Berg et al., 2007; Hochstenbach et al., 2012; Poot and Haaf, 2015; Posey et al., 2017]. Digenic disorders, such as retinitis pigmentosa, Bardet-Biedl and Joubert syndrome, some forms of deafness, some blood-clotting disorders, and Hirschprung disease, are well-known, while patients with dual or even multiple molecular diagnoses are rarely reported in the literature [Schäffer, 2013; Wallis et al., 2016]. In 101 cases out of 2,076 diagnostic whole exome sequencing (4.9%), this underrecognized phenomenon has been documented [Posey et al., 2017]. The single nucleotide variants (SNVs) In general, medical genetics tries to classify the phenotypes of a patient as manifestations of a syndrome; i.e., a correlated set of symptoms with a common cause. In genetic terms, this cause is supposed to be either "mendelian", "chromosomal", or de novo. Mendelian refers to a specific mode of transmission; e.g., recessive, dominant, or X-linked, of the disease allele(s) of a gene and the risk of recurrence of the disease within the family depending on the specific mode of transmission. Complex phenotypes that cannot be subsumed under a single gene are generally thought to be of "chromosomal" origin. This means that the organization of genomic elements, such as genes, promoters, enhancers, etc. has been altered such that a structural variation (SV) resulted [Poot and Haaf, 2015]. SVs may exert a phenotypic effect by changing the copy number of dosage-dependent genes leading to a loss or gain of one or several genes. In the latter case, a contiguous gene syndrome arises typified by a complex set of phenotypes consistent with several mendelian syndromes in a single patient. By comparison of patients with overlapping deletions, candidate genes within the contiguous gene syndrome can be pinpointed and their potential contribution to individual symptoms ascertained [Boland et al., 2007; Caliebe et al., 2010; Baliff et al., 2012; Depienne et al., 2017]. Second, an SV may disrupt the genomic architecture such that genes, parts of genes, and regulatory elements are relocated and their interactions perturbed. The phenotypic effects of the latter are mediated by alteration of gene expression patterns rather than changes in the structure of the encoded protein(s) [Reymond et al., 2007; Henrichsen et al., 2009; Klopocki and Mundlos, 2011; Lupiáñez et al., 2015; Spielmann and Accepted: March 29, 2017 by M. Schmid Published online: June 9, 2017


The environmental conditions necessary for floral initiation and development in North Carolina can be arrested by the onset of an early drop in temperatures in the fall soon after planting. Floating rowcovers were placed on plots of three cultivars of strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa), 'Chandler', 'Camarosa' and 'Sweet Charlie,' for 2 weeks in the fall to determine if fruit yield could be increased by enhancing additional plant growth. Yields were taken on plots with and without rowcovers the following spring. Temperatures and photosynthetic photon flux were monitored under the rowcovers, as well in adjacent plots that were not covered throughout the year. Daily, minimum, maximum and mean temperatures were generally higher under the rowcovers when ambient temperatures were above 10 °C (50 °F). Rowcovers had no effect on leaf area, root, crown, leaf, flower and fruit dry weight in the first year and a minimal affect in the second year. The application of rowcovers increased total yield and marketable yield by 80 to 100 g/ plant (0.18 to 0.22 lb/plant) but did not affect fruit weight. This study suggests that rowcovers can improve yield. However further studies are needed to assess effects of time of initial placement and duration of rowcovers on strawberry yield, growth and development. for Primer is every 30 d. These data show that flutolanil alone has no effect on reducing water repellency of an existing hydrophobic soil. However, flutolanil applied at the first signs of fairy ring may prevent the development of soil water repellency.


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Nonlinear infinite horizon continuous time optimization problems are widely used in economics. However numerical solutions necessarily require reformulating the problem into a discrete finite approximation. The method proposed by Mercenier and Michel (1994) minimizes approximation error at steady state but leaves unanswered the question of minimizing approximation errors along the transient path. In this paper, we address that problem as well. That is, with steady state invariance we minimize error at steady state, but by optimally choosing time intervals along the transient path, we find optimal commitment periods which have many business and economics applications. In the paper, the method has been mathematically proved and numerically tested using genetic algorithms.


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of production of mechanical vibrations with the help of electromagnetism and may be used in systems of physical protection of objects from trespassers. The method of microwave electromagnetic impact at a trespasser suggests using an amplitude-modulated microwave electromagnetic field with variable modulation frequency. At the same time frequencies of amplitude modulation are taken in the range of mechanical resonant frequencies of a trespasser's head and separate elements of its acoustic organ, providing for non-lethal pain stimulation. The device of microwave electromagnetic impact at a trespasser comprises a microwave generator with an emitting antenna, an amplitude modulator and a unit of low frequency tuning, made as capable of tuning for mechanical resonant frequency of a trespasser's head and separate elements of its acoustic organs. At the same time the outlet of the low frequency tuning unit is connected to a control input of an amplitude modulator, the output of which is connected to a control input of the microwave generator. EFFECT: reduced energy inputs and eliminated possibility to injure a person. 2 cl, 1 dwg


Notes the increased emphasis on community care in the NHS and suggests that "informal welfare" models of delivering such care pose particular quality and quality assurance problems. Consumer satisfaction in the community context is taken to mean both user satisfaction and carer satisfaction. Presents results from a Northern Ireland study of carers. The carers interviewed drew a distinction between quality and quantity of services received. Individual services were rated highly but there was demand for more and anxiety about future needs. Personal costs of care in lost employment, relationship and financial opportunities were also indicated. Concludes that carers are a valid and useful source of quality feedback.


This thesis examines the cycling patterns of simultaneity, or phasing, between two or more repeating images and identifies this as a visual phenomenon in which reoccurrences over time divide between spatial positions. The research that supports this is based upon my studio practice and my experience of works from contemporary art practice that foreground durational and spatial concerns. I refer to Henri Bergson's theories of spatialised time to examine the means by which we apprehend the spatial presentation of moving images and identify degrees of awareness between the temporal and the spatial.
From my analysis of these I propose that the perception of image phasing results from chance configurations between points in time and positions in space, and argue that the experience of such simultaneities is twofold, that non-resolving patterns of behaviour extend a viewer's awareness from the moment of apprehension towards possible future configurations. It is the means by which such possibility is perceived that I examine in this thesis.
My contribution to knowledge is offered in a body of studio work, as research into formal and perceptual relationships between repetition, extension, slippage and simultaneity. The research question underpinning this thesis addresses the means by which we might perceive the phenomena of image phasing, and how this might in turn extend opportunities for development within the studio practice.
It is in a combination of analysis of selected studio works and the subsequent text that a response to this question is posited that frames a viewer's perception of possibility in terms that owe a debt to Bergsonian thinking about the nature of divided time flow as a series points in space. I argue that the experience of image phasing is one of alternating time apportioned as spatial units, and that this spatialisation process is predicated upon an accumulated past that is recognised as a pattern for possible future configurations. Extrapolating from this I claim that we anticipate the future of multiple temporalities in terms of their relative positions in space and that possibility, the potential future states of the experience, is therefore perceived as separate positions rather than parallel successions.
It is at this point that I am able to claim that the studio work and the subsequent text make a contribution to knowledge in the form of an art practice that frames image phasing as an experience that is concurrent with an awareness of possible future configurations.


The opinion leadership of American religion has, since 1965, succeeded in making opposition to the Vietnam war respectable, to the effective exclusion of divergent viewpoints. Dissent from this new orthodoxy is exercised by small enclaves within a few scholarly centers and by larger church bodies that have remained aloof from the modern ecumenical dynamic in church co-operation and decision-making. The reasons for positions taken on the war by such different organizations as the National Council of Churches and the Southern Baptist Convention are, in large part, extrinsic to the merits or demerits of the war itself. The majority opposition to the war has, in a way similar to majority support for the civil rights movement, posed the problem of discontinuity with conventional Christian and Jewish piety. At the popular level, the relationship be tween religious devotion and specific social commitments has not been clarified effectively, resulting frequently in alienation of membership caused by "mixing politics with religion." Re ligious opposition to the war has more to do with what Robert Bellah has described as the American civil religion than it does with explicitly Jewish or Christian formulations of theology and ethics. The civil religion is, in turn, dependent upon the latter. The churches and synagogues face the challenge of enabling the civil religion to illuminate and guide the course of American power in the Third World. The question of American power and world revolution is central to the Vietnam debate, and, although organized religion's opposition to the war has been gratifying, little progress has been made on the required recon struction of American civil religion.


The new Insolvency Statute (Insolvenzordnung – InsO), which came into force on 1 January 1999, sets a discharge of residual debts (Restschuldbefreiung), sections 286 – 303 InsO. When the debtor is a natural person, he or she can request the discharge on the basis of two different insolvency proceedings: either in accordance with the regular insolvency proceedings or in accordance with the consumer insolvency proceedings. The discharge of residual debts has both a social and an economic function. On the one hand, it serves as personal protection for the debtor, especially his rights of privacy and dignity (allgemeines Persönlichkeitsrecht); it will give debtors a new perspective. On the other hand, the provisions intend to (re)integrate debtors into economic life, thereby avoiding illegal employment.


Bridging the Distance: Common Issues of the Rural West . Edited by David B. Danbom. Foreword by David M. Kennedy. (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015. xiii + 296 pp. Illustrations, maps, charts, tables, notes, bibliography, index. $30.00, paper.)

Congratulations to editor David B. Danbom on his excellent timing for explaining the motivations behind the ranchers' occupation of Oregon's Malheur National Wildlife Refuge during winter 2016 as well as the responses of the local community and the Burns Paiute Tribe.

This interdisciplinary collection of essays illuminates the consequences of historical decisions. David M. Kennedy's foreword and Jon K. Lauck's essay introduce the volume with a solid western historiography. Kennedy observed how surprised Frederick Jackson Turner would be that today's census data reveals even fewer residents in many areas than in the … glaserles{at}ccsu.edu


Different mechanical formulations are employed for calculation of the large deformations occurring in metal forming processes. Eulerian and updated Lagrangian descriptions, valid for viscoplastic materials, are presented. In view of the numerical tests which were carried out, the Eulerian formulation, associated with an implicit integration scheme which proved to be numerically accurate and reliable, is shown to be preferable.


Every surgeon owns at least one of the large textbooks of surgery because of their comprehensive treatment of the subject, however, these texts devote only limited space to treatment, and these sections rapidly become dated. Current Surgical Therapy provides the general surgeon with a text focusing entirely on surgical management, and this sixth edition brings in the latest state-of-the-art information. Current Surgical Therapy, 6/e, consists of 254 brief chapters. Each chapter deals with the treatment of a condition that is seen with some frequency by general surgeons. Contributors were chosen not only for their prominence in the field but also (and more importantly) because they are actively involved in patient care. Chapters follow a similar outline, covering patient selection, timing of therapy, preoperative care, operative technique, postoperative management, adjuvant therapy, prevention and management of complications, and follow-up. Diagnosis and pathophysiology are covered only to the extent that they affect treatment choices.


The traditional concrete currently used in the construction industry has a greyish color and high density. The high density of the concrete prevents the passage of light through it. Therefore, the concrete couldn't illuminate itself. On the context, it has been identified that the concrete can be provided with the property of luminance by varying the property of cement. The cement will be induced with luminance property by adding certain photo luminescent chemical substances to it. This project presents an investigation of the luminescent property of the concrete by modifying the property of the cement. These elements are also proven to be inert and causes minimal harm to the environment. From the results it is also found that the luminescent concrete also possesses considerable compressive strength as like traditional concrete. The emergence of photoluminescent concrete has the ability to create a spectacular change in the field of construction and architecture. In many nations, the illumination of highways and rural households are still a biggest challenge. Lack of light in the night leads to many social issues and accidents. In these circumstances the photoluminescent concrete can play a drastic role. It is not only meant for these instances it can also be used to improve the ambience thereby reducing the cost of electricity used for decorations. This project builds on two existing areas of research in order to investigate new concrete materials.


Background
Text messaging is a primary mode of communication among adolescents and young adults; teenagers rate cell phones as an item they can't live without. Use of mHealth modalities in health care is expected to influence how health care systems and patients communicate with each other. Thus, understanding the feasibility of these mHealth modalities among teens managing chronic illness poses important empirical questions, especially as older adolescents transition to independent self-care.

Objective
This study tested the feasibility of implementing healthy lifestyle text messages among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, ages 16-21, at a Boston-area diabetes center. In addition to checking blood glucose levels and administering insulin, teens with diabetes must also maintain basic healthy lifestyles for optimal health. The text messages were delivered as part of an adolescent health promotion platform, called BodiMojo.com. The adolescent user can set and track health goals related to healthy eating and physical activity, receive reminders about attending to those goals and receive developmentally relevant motivational tips with links to health quizzes and articles.

Methods
Ninety adolescent patients were recruited and consented/assented. Participants met with a research assistant (RA) once at baseline to complete questionnaires and set goals related to nutrition and physical activity. Participants were randomized to receive daily text message reminders about their goals for 1 month (text group) or to receive a pamphlet about healthy eating and activity (control group). In this study, text messages were sent three times a week to check in with adolescents about the health goals they set at the start of the study, e.g. "Did you meet your nutrition/exercise goal today?" In response to their text answers, adolescents then received immediate text feedback based on an inventory of replies, e.g. "Great job!" or "No big deal, just try again tomorrow." They also received a daily health tip, e.g., "Remember: activity can be spread throughout the day, 10 minutes at a time!" After 1 month, participants completed online questionnaires and were compensated with a $25 gift card.

Results
Recruitment goals were accomplished within 2 months: 66% of participants approached enrolled in the study. The majority of participants were college students (67%), white (87%), and had type 1 diabetes (91%) for an average of 10±5 years. The majority (80%) identified as participating in sports or regular physical activity (30-60 minutes/day), with 50% being active 4 or more times per week. The majority (79%) used phones with internet access. Text group participants provided positive feedback: "The facts are helpful and are a reminder of ways to stay healthy." "This has been an easy and nice way of reminding me to stay on track with my health goals!"

Conclusions
Text messaging is a highly feasible method for health promotion initiatives with emerging adults with diabetes, as evidenced by the quick uptake in participant recruitment, as well as the positive responses, suggesting this text intervention appears to be acceptable to adolescents. Determining whether such an intervention produces positive behavior change will be addressed in future analyses. []


The paper is intending to consider an impact of the new technologies such as blockchain to the political an economical system of the nation states namely – (i) collapse of the nation states by dominating at the cyber space, (ii) and an transition of the human rights from "offline�? into the "online�?. We should remember that technology is the object which ensure to achieve our aims and support us to change our world to the radiant direction, it does not exist to create digital tyranny in the globe.


— Nine species of Pipistrellus are currently known from Borneo of which P. imbricatus and P. petersi are here reported for the first time. None of them is very well known ; only P. stenopterus has been reported from more than three localities and five species are known from only a single locality. To facilitate identification of future specimens, this paper summarizes the distinguishing features of each species and includes diagrams of skull shape, dentition and tragus shape.


The situation that is obtainable in South Africa judging from the historical and socio-political perspective is one in which the black majority lived under the oppressive apartheid regime designed, manipulated and controlled by the white minority. Racial discrimination, an inherent effect of the apartheid policy of the white minority has reduced the blacks to a state of the underprivileged in their fatherland. Racial discrimination in this respect means the state of feeling estranged or separated from one's environment, culturally, socially, economically, politically and otherwise. Its effects on the sociological well being of the individual cannot be overemphasized. The dramatic works of Athol Fugard, a South Africa playwright, have had close sympathy for the situation of the life of blacks in South Africa. The major literary themes of his plays include racial segregation, oppression, deprivation and subjugation. These and the inherent effects of the apartheid laws on the oppressed in South Africa are the main focus in Athol Fugard's play: Sizwe Bansi is Dead are used as a case study in this submission.


The utility model relates to a high-voltage sleeve, which comprises a high-voltage conductor arranged inside a hollow insulator jacket with a wall flange and a voltage grading shield arranged between the high-voltage conductor and the insulator jacket. The high-voltage sleeve is characterized in that the voltage grading shield is at least provided by a first shield part and a second shield part. Through providing the voltage grading shield by two or more than two parts, the high-voltage sleeve is easier to manufacture because the size of each part is only approximately half that of a single shield. In addition, reduced size of each shield part ensures that the voltage grading shield is easier to treat and store. The high-voltage sleeve can be used in high-voltage devices including a transformer, an electric reactor, a circuit breaker and an electric generator.


[In presenting the second in our series of archaeological reports we call attention to three points: 1. In our attempt to make these reports as complete as possible in the small space at our disposal we do not hesitate to incorporate in a following report what may have inadvertently escaped our attention in a previous one. We shall be grateful to our readers for calling our attention to any oversight of this nature. 2. We must warn our readers that this second report cannot yet benefit by their help or criticism. This report must necessarily stop with whatever reports we were able to get by April 1. No reader should be disappointed, if he finds his communication lacking in this July number; if we are able to incorporate it or its essence, this cannot be done before the October number, which must be ready for the press by July 10. We hope that by that time our appeal to field directors will be in their hands and that with their well-known gracious punctuality they will have begun supplying us with reports that will bear the stamp of authenticity guaranteed by their signature. 3. Our readers will take note that even though we have as yet no criticism from them, criticism within our own little group at the home headquarters of the Oriental Institute has produced a slight change in arrangement, following more closely fixed modern boundaries, which will, we hope, be an aid to clarity of presentation and ease in use for reference.-M.S., Editor.]


In this paper, an attempt is made to estimate the heat transfer coefficients of a conical solar still. Many researches and development works tried to enhance the productivity of solar stills using different methods. So in this study the productivity enhancement of solar still by decreasing the shadow effect and maximize utilization of solar radiation is discussed. A new conical solar still was designed and manufactured at faculty of engineering Sheben El-Kom - Egypt (latitude 30.56 N and longitude 31.01 E). The still base area was 0.8 m 2 , and the glass (acrylic) cover of still inclined at 31 o which equal to the latitude of Sheben El-Kom. The experimental results of conical solar still were compared with a conventional type solar still which have the same dimensions. The results showed that, the daily productivity for conical and conventional solar stills was 3.38 and 1.93 L/m 2 .day respectively. Heat and mass transfer coefficients were evaluated and the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers were calculated with the aid of both evaporation measurements and Chilton-Colburn analogy. The maximum value of the total heat transfer coefficient were 66 and 32 W/m 2 . o C for


A new study from UCLA Health researchers finds that the typical ways health systems store and track data on children receiving emergency care miss a sizable portion of those who are having self-injurious thoughts or behaviors. The researchers also found that several machine learning


The genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves of endangered medicinal plant Trillium Tschonoskii by means of improved CTAB method.The RAPD reaction system for Trillium Tschonoskii was optimized including cycling program and the concentration of template,primer,dNTP,Taq DNA polymerase,and Mg2+.The result indicated that the optimal cycling program was 5 min at 94℃ for predenaturation;then 40 cycles of 1 min at 94℃ for denaturation,1 min at 36℃ for annealing,2 min at 72℃ for extension;finally extension at 72℃ for 8 min.The RAPD reaction system was that template 50ng,Mg2+ 2.5 mM,primer 0.6 μM,dNTP 0.2 mM, Taq DNA polymerase 3U.


This paper reports the results of studies of the surface free energy of TiNi alloy after ion beam treatment and its influence on the proliferative activity of mesenchymal stem cells of rat bone marrow. It has been established that a decisive influence on the free energy and distribution of its components is realized by the phase composition of the oxide layer, which forms on the surface of TiNi samples after ion beam treatment and depends on the type of implanted ion. It was found that, despite the surface of modified samples having a relatively low free energy, the predominance of the polar component of surface energy increases the proliferative activity of cells cultivated on these samples.This paper reports the results of studies of the surface free energy of TiNi alloy after ion beam treatment and its influence on the proliferative activity of mesenchymal stem cells of rat bone marrow. It has been established that a decisive influence on the free energy and distribution of its components is realized by the phase composition of the oxide layer, which forms on the surface of TiNi samples after ion beam treatment and depends on the type of implanted ion. It was found that, despite the surface of modified samples having a relatively low free energy, the predominance of the polar component of surface energy increases the proliferative activity of cells cultivated on these samples.


In the section on spanning sets and linear independence, we were trying to understand what the elements of a vector space looked like by studying how they could be generated. We learned that some subsets of a vector space could generate the entire vector space. Such subsets were called spanning sets. Other subsets did not generate the entire space, but their span was still a subspace of the underlying vector space. In some cases, the number of vectors in such a set was redundant in the sense that one or more of the vectors could be removed, without changing the span of the set. In other cases, there was not a unique way to generate some vectors in the space. In this section, we want to make this process of generating all the elements of a vector space more reliable, more e¢ cient.


The Canones et decreta of the Council of Trent were first officially published in Rome by Paolo Manuzio in March, 1564. They undoubtedly constituted a text of primary reference and played a central role within the framework of sources of canon law throughout the long period that extended from their publication to the creation of the first Codex iuris canonici almost a century ago. This set of laws – particularly those of a disciplinary character, which were, for the first time, clearly separated from those of a dogmatic nature – was certainly not intended to overturn the system inherited from the mediaeval period, the essential basis of which was to be found in the collections of the Corpus iuris canonici. Nevertheless, it did not fail to innovate numerous points (over 200 according to a census made in the second half of the 18th century) of the law encompassed within those same collections. Thus, it soon came to constitute a revision of and a complement to them, becoming indispensable to teaching, judicial practice and the care of souls.


: This study aims to analyze and describe the spatial layout of Ternate City from the perspective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Spatial planning has been positioned as one of the important components that also determines the success or failure of the development process of a region, especially within the framework of a sustainable development process. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods; the research location is Ternate, North Maluku Province of Indonesia. The results show that the sustainable development of Ternate is guided by achieving the vision, mission, goals, objectives, policies, strategies, and medium-term regional development programs by utilizing the city area. The novelty of this research lies in the analysis and assessment of the SDGs perspective which includes four dimensions: economic, social, environmental, legal and governance, which are then integrated to merge each sectoral dimension into sustainable development.


To solve the programming problem in the Numerical Control(NC)ElectroChemical Machining(ECM)of aeroengine integral impeller,a simulation and programming platform used for ECM was developed.A virtual assem-bly model of NC ECM machine was firstly constructed in the platform.Technologies such as model slicing,compo-nents constraint,matrix transformation,and WAVE technology were used to realize functions as process data ex-traction,motion path calculation,axes moving,and consecutive operation between tool and part.The platform im-plemented machining simulation,automatic generation of NC programs.The over-cut and motion interference in ma-chining could be checked by the simulation.The simulation system was applied in the NC ECM of the large diameter integral impeller.Results showed that the application of the software effectively solved programming problem,shortened the programming cycle,and increased the program accuracy.


Parsers play important role in compilers, NLP and other applications. Building a parser by hand is a complex task, thus a generator is required. Nowadays computers contain processors with multi-core that encourage programmers to develop programs in parallel environments, while the parsing process is still in many cases sequential and hence can't benefit from the parallelization. Most grammars are written in highly non-deterministic rules. Some solutions are set to handle non-determinism such as parsing with backtracking, look ahead or by prediction. These techniques are only sequential. This paper presents a new algorithm for solving non-determinism using multi-threading technology. It is named TGLL (Threaded General LL) parsing method. It handles all context free grammars and resolves non-determinism by launching multiple threads to parse the different alternative rules. The threads are augmented with backtracking to avoid explosive thread creation. A practical parser generator is developed. The generator can generate a recursive descent parser with multi-threaded or Fork/Join model. Left recursion is converted to right recursion automatically by the generator. The TGLL parser is simple and can be built by hand, but for lengthy grammars it is preferred to use the generator. The experimental work shows that working with the multi-threaded Fork/Join model can be faster than famous existing parser generators such as Java CC and Antler V4 and even with smaller memory. Creating a parser that executes with a single thread and backtracking has approximately the same parsing time as the Fork/Join model but due to the thread allocation constant time, the Fork/Join model takes a small extra constant time than the one-threaded model. However, the Fork/Join model consumes less memory than the single-threaded model.


In this manuscript, a novel hybrid dielectric resonator antenna for ultrawideband applications is designed, and single notched bands performance is proposed . The circle radiating patch is printed on FR4 substrate 1.64 mm thickness and loss tangent tan� =0.02, and is fed by coplanar waveguide. The size of the UWB antenna is minimized to 50-40 mm 2 . The operation bandwidth of the designed antenna is from 3.1 GHz to over 12 GHz. WIMAX Band notches characteristics of antenna to reject, is realized by etching U Shaped slot in the radiating patch. The center notch frequency can be adjusted from 3.4 to 4.5 GHz, by changing the position of cylindrical Dielectric Resonator. The band notched characteristics, VSWR, and radiation patterns are studied using CST and HFSS high frequency simulators


> Those who have not experienced the intricacies of clinical practice demand measures that are easy, precise, and complete—as if a sack of potatoes was being weighed. True, some elements in the quality of care are easy to define and measure, but there are also profundities that still elude us. We


The dark side of adolescence has unquestionably been the dominant theme of adolescent literature over the past decade. It is difficult to think of a topic previously prohibited that has not been used during this period ; the result has been a proliferation of books on such topics as suicide, violence, homosexuality, divorce, unwed parenthood, and physical deformities. Sylvia Plath's adult novel The Bell JaA alone has sparked an amazing number of books concerned with serious psychological problems during the adolescent years. But amidst this emphasis on the darkness and realities of our age has also emerged a collateral side of humor—one more witty than broad, more bittersweet than uproarious, more sophisticated than sophomoric. Interestingly, such humor is frequently combined with the darkness, the grim realism of so much current literature written for the adolescent.


STATCOMs are used for voltage support to improve power and voltage quality. Their capability for delivering real power is negligible and this limits their ability to improve the system stability margin. Supercapacitors are devices which can store and quickly release significant amounts of energy, and are now finding application in many power applications. This paper describes how supercapacitor based energy storage technology can be interfaced to a STATCOM unit so that it can deliver significant amounts of real and reactive power to the system on request.


The title compound, C12H14O4, is an important intermediate in the synthesis of biologically active heterocyclic compounds. In the crystal structure, intermolecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules. There are also C—H⋯π contacts between the benzene ring and the methylene groups.


The unplanned dumping of information on WWW is the primary reason for the chaotic web of today. The way out of this WEB (in literal sense) seems to be only through planned organization of the burgeoning sources of information using faceted techniques. The role of XFML i.e. eXchangeable faceted metadata language gets defined in this context. The metadata language allows one to relate the topics of concern and to provide a meaningful way of accessing information. This paper tries to explore its nuances and suitability for defining distributed information architecture.


This study and development is about first step of fuel system design for LPG direct injection system. In the fuel system, development of fuel pump suitable LPG characteristics is very important. At first, Analysis of single plunger pump and 3-radial pump used in GDI system was performed. And then Proto Sample of fuel pump for LPG direction injection is developed with this analysis result. Concept of developed pump is single plunger type.


OCCURRENCE OF ARSENIC in natural water has received significant attention during the recent years. Source of arsenic in natural water is generally related to the process of leaching from the crystal rocks and sediments derived from the arsenic bearing source rocks (Robertson, 1989; Hering and Elimelesh, 1995). Influx of arsenic from various anthropogenically induced sources may also contaminate both soils and groundwater especially under anoxic conditions (Bhattacharya et al. 1996a). The mobilization of arsenic under anoxic conditions is the reason for the overall greater risk for contamination of groundwater as compared to surface water. Inorganic-As species commonly occur in groundwater either in the form of As(V) as arsenate or As(III) as arsenite. The presence of arsenic in groundwater has been reported in recent years from several parts of the world, like USA, China, Chile and India (Robertson, 1989; Das et al. 1994; Chatterjee et al. 1995; Hering and Elimelesh, 1995). Groundwater is used as the primary source of drinking water in several parts of the world particularly in the rural and semi-urban areas within the developing countries. The natural incidences of high-As in groundwater in the vast tract of alluvial aquifers within the delta plains in West Bengal, eastern India, has attained an alarming magnitude over the last couple of decades (PHED, 1991, 1993; Bhattacharya et al. 1995, 1996b). Large scale exploitation of groundwater resources to meet the rising demand of water for agricultural and drinking purposes has resulted this largest arsenic calamity in the world. The occurrence, origin and mobility of arsenic in groundwater is influenced by local geology, geochemistry and hydrogeology of the alluvial aquifers. The present paper aims to highlight the geochemical approach to understand the problem on mobilization of As from the aquifer materials as a function of water-solid phase interactions. Another aspect of this paper is to suggest some of the lowcost geochemical techniques for the removal of As suitable for application in the developing countries like India.


Background  One hundred seven patients presenting to a cosmetic skin clinic were treated with intense pulsed light (IPL) over a 12‐month period. The main categories of patients offered treatment were those with vascular problems such as rosacea, facial telangiectasia, and spider nevi; pigmentation disorders such as solar damage, lentigines, and hyperpigmentation; and assorted problems such as scarring and poikiloderma.


This illustrated volume presents a wide variety of themes from the historical and modern periods of Bhutan, illustrating change and adaptation to new realities. Topics covered include the exploration of early history, Buddhism and the lives of Bhutanese Buddhist saints, the changing role of local, non-Buddhist religious practitioners in today's society, traditional law and the emergence of a modern legal system, and the seasonal celebrations of an aristocratic family from central Bhutan. The book will be of special interest to students of early Tibetan history, legal history, comparative sociology and cultural anthropology of the Himalayan regions.


It is shown that the drag of any semi-infinite airfoil section in purely subsonic inviscid flow follows precisely the Prandtl-Glauert compressibility rule. The result for the parabola has application to leading edge corrections in thin airfoil theory.


The article is on the protection of the Soviet railroads in engagements during the Second World War. The author considers the participation in the Battle of Stalingrad by the railway soldiers, officers of departments of transportation aspects of state security as well as the contribution to the protection of rail track by the joint force of armored trains and fighter aircraft. Little known in the historiography aspects of the organization of the defence of the Astrakhan-Kizlyar railway, which became in 1942 one of the main ways to deliver oil to the active Red Army, are considered.