The objective of this study is to determine whether the program of the aged welfare center and the hall for the aged are appropriate for activation or participation in the interest of the aged for the increasing population of the aged. Targeting 21 old people making use of the aged welfare center and :l) old people using the hall for the aged, this study was performed to provide basic data for old people's utilization of social welfare program by comparing demographic and social property, satisfaction in physical activity and the current result of physical examination. 1) The demographic and social property of old people using welfare center and the hall for the aged did not show statistically significant difference in all items except average monthly pocket money. The monthly pocket money of old people using welfare center was significantly higher(p<.05). 2) In the satisfaction in physical activity of old people using welfare center and the hall for the aged, statistically significant difference was not seen between 2 groups in all items except "How would others think of my physical constitution?" It turned out that the old people using welfare center were more interested in appearance. 3) In the result of physical examination of old people using welfare center and the hall for the aged, statistically significant difference was not seen between 2 groups in items such as physical ingredient, physical strength, circulatory system, pulmonary function and blood test However, the blood pressure of old people using welfare center was significantly higher(p<.05). This result may suggest that the old people using welfare center have more personal relation, spend more monthly pocket money, are more interested in physical constitution, make effort to gain more social support and more satisfied with physical welfare. Thus, it is required to ensure satisfaction in physical activity by activating welfare center program. I think that constant study should be made for better Quality of life and satisfaction in physical welfare.


The study was conducted in two groups. During present investigation, the six bitches in group I were treated with inj. Doxorubicin hydrochloride @ 30 mg/m2 by slow intravenous route with ten days interval for three occasion, was found to be effective in five cases (83.33%) with total regression and no recurrence, while one case with moderate regression of tumour. Bitches in group II were treated with inj. Methotrexate @ 0.3 mg/m2 intravenously with ten days interval for four occasion was found to be effective in three cases (50 %) with total regression, while moderate regression of tumour was observed in three cases. Blood samples were monitored for haematological and biochemical parameters. During observation period some side effects including anemia, vomition, anorexia, alopecia and dullness were noticed. The studies showed that the treatment with Doxorubicin hydrochloride was found to be more effective as compared to Methotrexate in the treatment of vaginal tumour in bitches.


We demonstrate a novel device; cascade high-speed laser power converter. Error-free 10 Gbit/sec data detection and 21.1% optical-to-electrical DC power generation efficiency can be achieved simultaneously at 850nm wavelength and +1V voltage.


Geological survey on the occurrence of copper oxide in Suparaura area around Abancay in the south-central part of Peru had been carried out. Geology of the area is composed of granitoids such as granodiorite, tonalite and andesitic porphyry related to Tertiary igneous activity, Ferrobamba formation with Cretaceous limestone and sandstone in descending order. Red sandstone is widely distributed and emplaced with their attitude of strike and dip. Copper oxides were mineralized along the bedding plane of red sandstone with maximum width of 30 cm. Ore-body structure bounding red sandstone strata have different occurrence characteristics with generally known porphyry system in terms of alteration, mineral assemblage and occurrence mode. Therefore, it is thought to be stratiform sediment-hosted copper (SSC) deposits genetically corresponding to Mississippi-valley type from preliminary study.


Introduction With the aim of developing a climate-dependent pre-wilting prognosis data of drying rates were collected under different conditions over two years Methods 24 occasions during 2008 and 2009 growing season: White clover/grass and red clover/grass were harvested at 10 a.m. Samples of the swath at 10 am, 1 pm, 3 m, 8 pm – 10 am and 3 pm next day Swath treatment: 1) narrow, 2) broad and 3) broad and inverted at 1pm Climate data app. 200 m from the research area


The atmosphere in part of an air-sealed coal mine was monitored continuously through a drill hole for oxygen content to determine the effectiveness of sealing a mine against the entrance of air and the major force that cause the phenomenon of mine breathing through the overburden. The differential pressure across the seal and the barometric pressure on the outside also were recorded. A general correlation was obtained between the oxygen level, differential pressure and barometric pressure, which indicates that changes in air pressure are the cause for periodic replenishment of the oxygen in the mine. (Author) (GRA)


By means of documents-colleting, investigation logical analyses and mathematical statistics, the article teaching-program in colleges and universities analyzes the and therefore put forward new train, of thought on reorient ling the recovery, to promote the development of reform on PECU courses, health-care courses of PECU.


This paper presents the functioning of the Training and Research Center For Renewable Energy Sources in farm and park complex in Ostoja near Szczecin. The Center is an unit of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. A diverse activities (educational, scientific, social and commercial) that provide maintenance and further development of the Center has been described.


Recently, Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is a new technology used by researchers to explore underwater phenomena. Information is collected by underwater sensors and sent to the Ocean of Things (OoT) network, which is located on the water surface. OoT floaters then collect the data and send it to coastal stations via radio signals. Since the underwater environment is harsh for telecommunication, one of the current challenges in this architecture is the collected data transmission through the routes that can provide quality of service parameters (e.g., delay and packet loss). Hence, an optimal method is proposed in this article to reduce end-to-end delay and increase packet delivery rate in the hybrid networks of the internet of things and the ocean of things. In the proposed method, the network controller collects the underwater things data and creates the network graph using the capabilities of Software-Defined Network (SDN) architectures. Then, the routing problem is modeled in the form of an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model to improve the quality of service. The created model is then solved using the Golden Eagle Optimization (GEO) metaheuristic algorithm to find the optimal routes. Finally, the network controller installs the calculated routes on the underwater things to send information to the ocean of things floaters through these optimal routes. In the proposed method, the ocean of things floaters acts as fog nodes and send the received data to the coastal stations after preprocessing operations for analysis. Simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the quality-of-service parameters.


In the multi-hop virtual cellular network (VCN), many wireless ports are distributed in each VC and the transmitted signal from/to a mobile user is relayed by the multi-hop technique to/from a central port which acts as a gateway to the network. According to the long term change of propagation environment and traffic distribution, addition and removal of wireless ports are necessary in order to get the adequate network topology. Hence, the route reconstruction is an important technical issue. In this paper, we propose a modified rerouting algorithm for port addition and removal, then we analyze theoretically the time and number of messages for route reconstruction, and evaluate the transmit power efficiency by computer simulation. Keyword Virtual cellular network, Port addition/removal, Routing time/number of messages.


In recent years, much interest has been generated by the idea that nitrosative stress plays a role in the aetiology of human diseases, such as atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer, and neurological diseases. The chemical changes mediated by reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are detrimental to cell function, because they can cause nitration, which can alter the structures of cellular proteins, DNA, and lipids, and hence, impair their normal function. One of the most potent biological nitrosative agents is peroxynitrite (ONOO−), which is produced when nitric oxide (•NO) and superoxide (•O2−) are combined at extremely rapid rates. Considering the plethora of oxidations by peroxynitrite, this makes peroxynitrite the most prevalent nitrating species responsible for protein, DNA, and lipids nitration in vivo. There is biochemical evidence to suggest that the interactions of the radicals NO and superoxide result in the formation of a redox system, which includes the reactions of nitrosation and nitration, and is a component of the complex cellular signalling network. However, the chemistry involved in the nitration process with peroxynitrite derivatives is poorly understood, particularly for biological molecules, such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. Here, we review the processes involved in the nitration of biomolecules, and provide a mechanistic explanation for the chemical reactions of NOS and nitrosative stress. This study reveals that these processes are based on a surprisingly simple and straightforward chemistry, with a fascinating influence on cellular physiology and pathology.


In this paper studying open vehicle routing problem, a taboo search algorithm for the open vehicle routing problem with hard time windows is proposed. After constructing a mathematical model for the problem, this paper focuses on the introduction of the design procedure of TS algorithm for solving the problem. In the searching process of this algorithm, infeasible solution is allowed by adding a penalizing factor, to reduce the probability of local optimal. The computational results are provided. It shows that in most of cases this algorithm can find better solutions. Keywords-open vehicle routing problem, hard time windows, taboo search algorithm


Near Cambria, California, a Franciscan trench slope basin of Late Cretaceous age is intruded by two diapirs of blueschist block-bearing, mud-matrix melange. The rise of the diapirs caused major upturning of the bedded strata within a few hundred meters of the contact and complex interfingering of mud-matrix melange with basin sediments near the contacts. At one locality, a fragment of basin sandstone is observed partially detached from the wall rock. The mud-matrix melange is highly mobile, and the intrusive character during diapirism is clearly analogous to that of magma in igneous intrusions. Diapirism may be responsible for large-scale intercalation of slope and slope basin sediments with subduction generated melange at actively convergent plate margins.


Abstract This article assumes a balanced position between two contrasting views regarding the accessibility, quality, efficiency and financial sustainability of the Cuban healthcare system. It evaluates those issues in the 2006–20 period by identifying strengths and weaknesses based on a comprehensive statistical compilation of health indicators, physical infrastructure trends, availability of physicians and other elements to assess the system's long-term financial sustainability. Finally, it examines the likely consequences of population ageing on healthcare, including potential policies.


A kind of waking trance I have frequently had, quite up from boyhood, when I have been all alone. This has generally come upon me thro' repeating my own name two or three times to myself silently, til all at once, as it were out of the intensity of the consciousness of individuality, the individuality itself seemed to dissolve and fade away into boundless being, and this not a confused state, but the clearest of the clearest, the surest of the surest, the weirdest of the weirdest, utterly beyond words, where death was an almost laughable impossibility, the loss of personality (if so it were) seeming no extinction but the only true life. (1) ********** Tennyson's ability to put himself into a trance through the repetition of his own name is one of a number of autobiographical vignettes incorporated by his son into the first biography of the poet. By describing the dissolution of individuality into "boundless being," he consciously sets up a poetic that is hard to resist. A name, as the verbal and textual signifier of individual consciousness, works paradoxically as both the link and the barrier between inner self and external reality, figuring the self in the world and announcing its difference. Rather than removing the name so that he might dissolve into reality, the poet's solution to this paradox is to dwell upon it, making his name the site at which he is able to experience the "only true life." Through lyrical repetition, Tennyson's name is charmed into poetry, and it is poetry, figured by the name of Victoria's laureate, which provides a place in which a state "utterly beyond words" might be achieved. There is much worth exploring in this piece of poetic mysticism, but what the poet fails to specify, and therefore what is most interesting, is what name he used. His story, which insists on the invocation of the name, fails to invoke the name that is at its center. The name that is not mentioned must, of course, be "Tennyson," but it is not until the alternatives are considered that it becomes clear how heavily the anecdote relies upon this assumption. In boyhood--when his waking trances began--"Tennyson" would not have been the name by which the poet was called. First the name of his father, then of his family collectively and also the name by which his eldest brother is most likely to have been known, "Tennyson" would have been anything but the signifier of the poet's individual personality, and it is far more probable that he would have been known to himself and others as "Alfred." But with "Alfred" at its center, the story does not work; the impressive weight and gentle lyricism of "Tennyson" finds a poor substitute in the insubstantial gallop achieved by the repetition of "Alfred" (and even "Alfred Tennyson" is awkward and unsatisfactory in this context). In one sense this is not important, and I am not interested in quibbling over the biographical facts of a story that has been most useful to critics (and to Tennyson himself) as illustrative of his poetic thought. However, rather than substituting "Alfred" for "Tennyson," it is more interesting to leave this story intact and to reconsider it as one which can only have been constructed and understood retrospectively by a poet who had already made a name for himself. It might be expected that for a poet's name to become a material, marketable product would be restrictive to the growth of the poet: there might be an expectation that the poet should work according to the criteria by which he made his name; and the existence of poet as brand name would certainly seem to compromise the value of art as separate from and above the utilitarian world of commerce. (2) However, the story of Tennyson's trances suggests that the opposite is the case. It is the existence of "Tennyson" as commodity--a household name--that allows it to assume its place, unspoken, at the center of his story. Its material status goes hand in hand with its disappearance from the narrative in a manner that reflects the loss of self through insistence on the material signifier of the self that the narrative describes. …


Supervision is an assessment process or procedure in giving directions and conducting critical assessments of the learning process. Supervision is an activity carried out by the principal to supervise and direct all educational devices in order to achieve educational goals. The principal as a supervisor who carries out the supervision program starts with planning, implementation and follow-up.
This study aims, (1) how is the application of educational supervision in increasing the professionalism of MI Al-Amien teachers, (2) what are the inhibiting and supporting factors in the application of educational supervision in increasing the professionalism of MI Al-Amien teachers
 This study used a descriptive qualitative approach where the research went directly to the field, while the data collection techniques in this study varied with interview, observation and documentation methods, data collection using structured interview methods.
The research findings show that: 1) the application of educational supervision in improving teacher professionalism, namely: a) the principal is active in checking the lesson plan every week and actively making prota and promissory notes; b) the school principal actively conducts class visits, with; c) the school principal is active in supervising education at the beginning of every month by evaluating the teacher; d) the school principal always takes part in PKKM activities which are held every year; i) 80% of teachers are in linear institutions. 2) the implementation of educational supervision can be said to be effective in increasing teacher professionalism because teacher professionalism is getting better and orderly starting from planning, carrying out learning to evaluating/assessing learning.


High sophisticated integrated navigation systems are installed on the ship navigational bridges to support the operator of modern container ships. The integrated systems should assist the captains, navigation officers and the pilots to avoid any dangerous situation when sailing from port of departure to the port of destination. Numerous Human Machine Interfaces require interaction to control the voyage in every situation under all possible circumstances. However, with respect to shipping statistics collisions and groundings are major risks. This paper deals with investigations into the alert management on board modern ships and potential approach to reduce the number of alarms. Results gained during several field studies on board ships are presented. Based on these results the draft of a concept for reducing the high frequency of collision warnings to be implemented into the navigation systems on board is discussed. First preliminary results are introduced.


Aim: To examine the effect of donepezil on sleep and daily activity in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) using polysomnography and actigraphy. Methods: Ten patients with mild to moderate ATD (mean age: 76 ± 6.2 years) were studied. The Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale-cognitive component-Japanese version (ADAS-Jcog),polysomnography, and 7-day recording of actigraphy data were performed. Following this baseline assessment, donepezil (5 mg daily) was administered every morning for 6 weeks, after which the ADAS-Jcog, polysomnography, and actigraphy were repeated. Results: After 6 weeks of treatment with donepezil, daily activity was significantly increased (276.2 ± 89.2 vs. 326.1 ± 98.6; p < 0.05). Similarly, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (11.3 ± 4.1 vs. 17.1 ± 4.4; p<0.01) and sleep efficiency (76.2 ± 16.3 vs. 82.8 ± 10.6; p<0.05) were significantly increased compared with baseline. Although the ADAS-Jcog score did not decrease significantly (18.5 ± 6.8 vs. 15.9 ± 7.3; P= 0.054), there was a significant positive correlation between the decrease of this score and the increase of daily activity (r= 0.2137, p= 0.4809). Conclusions: An increase of daily activity and cognition were induced by donepezil treatment in patients with ATD, possibly based on improvement of the sleep structure. Trial Registration: Controlled-trials. Com Identifier: UMIN000005018


An elementary estimate for the deviation of a linear rank statistic from the pertaining functional is derived. This inequality implies the SLLN and yields first order approximations to the stopping rules of sequential rank tests. Introduction and Summary The validity of the SLLN for linear rank statistics turns out to be of importance in various statistical contexts (consistency and Bahadur efficiency of rank tests, asymptotic sufficiency of ranks, robustness properties of rank procedures, termination of sequential tests based on ranks etc.). Accordingly, quite a few results of that kind can be found in the literature, the most recent contributions being due to Ghosh and Sen, cf. Sen (1981, p. 120), and Riedfer (1982 a,b). The reader is referred to Rieder (1982 a) for a list of references. Here we are not primarily interested in the AMS 1970 subject classification: 62 G 35


The equation of motion and the stability conditions for cracks interacting with transversal waves and surface waves are given. Threshold conditions for crack propagation relate the crack to a critical duration of the pulse and a second condition gives a relation between initial pulse amplitude and crack length. For surface waves the influence of the length is overshadowed by the penetration depth of the wave. For longitudinal, as well as for transversal pulses, the pulse must have a least‐action density in order to propagate a crack. This law loses its meaning for surface waves. Some applications of the derived results to fracture by earthquakes are indicated.


The present invention discloses a height adjusting mechanism for an inlet valve, comprising a valve body, an inlet, a locking member and a driven member. Sleeved inlet pipe fitting connected to the valve body and the valve body. A locking member attached to the valve body. The driver can drive the locking member to enable activities can be fixed relative to the valve body or relative movement in the axial direction into the pipe, the drive member is movably assembled to the inlet valve connected to the locking member and the transmission. It has the following advantages: the locking member driven by the activity of the active drive element such that the valve body can be fixed relative to the inlet pipe or relatively moved in the axial direction, the entire adjustment process without turning the valve body, so that the floats do not seal interference tank rotates the valve body wall and extending into the tank without rotation of the hand into the water, adjusting more convenient; simultaneously, saving time and effort, greatly improve conditioning efficiency.


Image encryption based on chaos has been extensively researched in the past, many researchers have approached the problem of dynamic key from the image pixels, however, such key can be easily shuffled when the cipher image has been polluted or damaged through the transmission, in which the decryption becomes very difficult. Some recent researches have been trying to solve this problem, but they failed to achieve high security. This paper proposes an image encryption algorithm based on CNN (Cellular Neural Networks) hyper chaotic system, and the image encryption key is encrypted by using the asymmetric RSA algorithm. Our algorithm uses the key as input through the CNN system to generate six dimensional chaotic sequences. Then we change the original image pixel positions by pair-wise sorting the pixels with the values of the chaotic sequences. Finally replace the pixel values by performing XOR operation between the pixel values and the sequences to get the cipher image. The simulation experiments show that, compared with other chaotic image encryption schemes, it can resist the transmission noise. Moreover, it can also decrypt the image even after some part of the cipher image had been lost. The cipher image can also achieve high change rate of pixel ratio, high information entropy, and strong anti-hacking ability.


This article reports research conducted in the northeastern corner of Egypt's Nile Delta during an excavation at the Mendes archeological dig site in July—August, 2007. Donald Redford, Professor at Pennsylvania State University, accepted the author as the only nonarcheologist that year. In addition to duties of measuring, registering, and storing artifacts as they were unearthed, the author was the first (to her knowledge) to collect work songs at the Mendes site. The purpose of this research was to make digital recordings of regional work songs in the field. Many songs/chants were recorded, transcribed, and categorized as gender specific. Results also showed that cell phone ring tones were now used as pacesetters, which was of interest to area anthropologists.


Pharmacotherapy is the primary treatment strategy in major depression. However, two‐thirds of patients remain depressed after the initial antidepressant treatment. Augmented cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for pharmacotherapy‐resistant depression in primary mental health care settings proved effective and cost‐effective. Although we reported the clinical effectiveness of augmented CBT in secondary mental health care, its cost‐effectiveness has not been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to compare the cost‐effectiveness of augmented CBT adjunctive to treatment as usual (TAU) and TAU alone for pharmacotherapy‐resistant depression at secondary mental health care settings.


The study suggests approaches to developing the strategic frame of the government policy towards persons with disabilities, which would allow successful execution of the country's engagements from the Convention of the rights of persons with disabilities. Its main tasks are analytical review of the range and mechanisms of implementing the compensating policies in social support and providing tax concessions for persons with disabilities; evaluation of the existing strategic frame and approach for developing the government policy for persons with disabilities; arguments for variant approaches for strategic planning of the state policy for persons with disabilities.


Cancer biotherapy is the fourth primary way to treat tumors following surgery,drugs,and radiochemotherapy.At the present,the most widely used in clinical tumors' treatment is cytokine-induced killer(CIK) cells.There are a lot of methods of culturing CIK,so factors selection and ratio are different in medical institutions which resulting in quantity of CIK cells,quantity of effective cells and the killing rate great different.The experiment designed orthogonal experiment by adding mulriple dose of monoclonal antibody CD3,recombinant human interleukin-2 for injection(IL-2) and autologous plasma of patients in serum-free medium.The optimal solution of orthogonal experiment is CD3 100ng/mL,IL-2 700IU/mL and autologous plasma 2% in the serum-free medium.The optimal solution cultured the best result is double positive cells ratio up to 97.88%,at 10∶1 effector-target ratio of CIK cells on Hela cell killing rate was 32.80% through MTT assay.A preliminary clinical observation shows that optimized CIK cells have a certain effect on inhibiting of tumor recurrence and metastasis.


This article updates the work and research priorities of the OMERACT working group on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in inflammatory arthritis, as presented to the OMERACT 8 meeting in Malta in May 2006. This work focused on testing the reliability of dedicated extremity MRI in rheumatoid arthritis and on the initial steps in the development of an MRI score for peripheral psoriatic arthritis.


A RMADO'S PHRASE IN LOVE'S LABOR'S LOST (5.1.89),' twice repeated by Holofernes (11. 91 and 119-20), is taken by most commentators to be a deliberate joke, underlined, as Eric Partridge points out, by the schoolmaster's admiration of the expression as "well cull'd" (1. 93).2 Partridge goes on to suggest that "there is, perhaps, an allusion to afternoon dalliance," which to many readers probably seems rather strained, even if they remember Malvolio's preposterous fantasy about a daybed. But Armado's mind is running on more than shows and pageants, and I can perhaps offer some support for Partridge's intuition. Holofernes's answer to Armado's request is the show of the Nine Worthies, a subject that was a favorite theme not only for pageants, street shows, and entries from the Middle Ages onward but also for wall paintings, tapestries, and-from an early date following their invention-mechanically reproduced prints. As a motif, the Nine Worthies-with their matching Nine Women Worthies or Nine Modern Worthies-formed part of a popular genre of series prints, in which several related subjects were presented in a numbered group of cuts or plates, often symbolically presenting the passage of time. Typical secular themes were the Four Seasons, the Four Elements, the Five Senses, the Seven Planets, the Seven Liberal Arts and Sciences, the Seven (or Three, Four, Nine, Ten, or Twelve) Ages of Man, the Nine Muses, the Twelve Months (or the "twelve celestial signs" [5.2.797]), and so on. The series to which Armado alludes is the Four Parts of the Day: Morning, Noon, Evening, and Night. I believe that Shakespeare would have known this visual tradition;3 Figure 1 represents this


Nowadays, research on CSCs is still in an initial stage, and there are few studies reporting the successful isolation and identification of CSCs. In the present study, we attempted to isolate CSCs through cultivating the cell line MKN45 in defined serum‐free medium and study the expression of stem cell markers or related proteins (Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog and CD44) in CSCs. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining was performed to validate the stem cell markers of spheroid body‐forming cells. Further experiments were used to evaluate the SPOP expression in tumorsphere cells. In addition, ADAMTS9‐AS2 is a lncRNA that contributes to the genesis and development of many cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). We found ADAMTS9‐AS2 functioned as an anti‐oncogene and positively correlated with the expression of SPOP in GC tissues by combining bioinformatics analyses. Furthermore, we reported that ADAMTS9‐AS2 regulated the expression of SPOP in GC cells and tumorsphere cells to inhibit GC progression. Together, our results demonstrated that SPOP and ADAMTS9‐AS2 can be potential targets for GC treatment.


Algebraic method was used to study the Hopf cyclicity of non-smooth Lienard systems on the plain.Some new formulas for computing focus values were presented.Based on the formulas,the number of limit cycles bifurcating from some non-smooth Lienard systems was obtained.The results improve the known results.


A philosophical grounding for valuation in educational administration that is concrete and practical is presented. It is based on a naturalistic perspective that shows how scientific methods and relevant concepts and explanations can be used in situations requiring moral deliberation. Examples illustrate how administrators and others can employ tentative explanations and consequence analysis to facilitate choices among competing values.


Computer Architecture is the study of digital computers towards designing, building and operating digital computers. Digital computers are vital for the modern living because they are essential in providing the intelligences in devices such as self-driving cars and smartphones. Computer Architecture is a core subject for the Electronic (Computer) Engineering course at the Universiti Malaysia Sabah that is compliant to the requirement of the Washington Accord as accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Council of the Board of Engineers of Malaysia (EAC). An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based Computer Architecture Laboratory had been developed to support the curriculum of this course. FPGA allows a sustainable implementation of laboratory exercises without resorting to poisonous fabrication of microelectronic devices and installation of integrated circuits. An FPGA is just a configurable and therefore reusable digital design component. Two established organisations promoting computer engineering curriculum, ACM and IEEE, encourages the use of FPGA in digital design in their latest recommendation and together with the EAC, emphasises the grasp of the fundamentals for each student. The laboratory exercises are individual exercises where each student is given a unique assignment. A laboratory manual is provided as a guide and project specification for each student but overall the concept of the laboratory exercise is a student-centred one. Each student is allowed to pace their effort to achieve the sessions of the laboratory exercises starting from session one to session ten. A quantitative analysis of the effectiveness of these laboratory sessions is carried out based on the numbers of students completing the laboratory sessions. These sessions start from an 1:FPGA tutorial to implementations of features of a microprocessor of 2:Immediate Load, 3:Immediate Load to Multiple Registers, 4:Addition, 5:Operation Code, 6:Program Memory, 7:Jump, 8:Conditional Jump, 9:Register to Register and 10:Input-Output. The results of three batches of students show that within the time limits of a one credit hour course, students had managed to complete some aspects of the implementation of a simple microprocessor.


The paper reviews institutional factors of independent central banks success. This problem is rooted in cases when fractionalized societies and societies with weak institutions adopt autonomy of central banks mostly legally. It is highlighted that lack of rule of law and fractionalization of society may be viewed as competitive hypotheses to explain why actual independence deviates from legal one. The paper establishes that increase in the level of central banks independence without political support for independent monetary policy is possible only if institutional quality reaches the necessary threshold that is sufficient for activating structural reforms but insufficient for ensuring that there is no influence on the policy from the side of different institutional distortions. It is found that political regime, rule of law and structure of society constitute more complicated institutional framework for independence of monetary institutions. Due to this, the main question is whether the central bank is included in the limits of oligarchical consensus or not. If yes, then the rule of law does not matter for acquiring legal independent status. If no, then the rule of law is the core requirement for actual independence. © Viktor Koziuk, 2020. Koziuk Viktor, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Economic Theory, Ternopil National Economic University, Ukraine. ORCID: 0000-0002-5715-2983, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. V i k t o r K o z i u k Institutional barriers to the anti-inflation efficiency of independent central banks: a political-economic analysis 204 Moreover, the rule of law in most cases may compensate the problem of structural heterogeneity of the society.


Background: Metal-ceramic restorations were considered the gold standard; however, all-ceramic restorations gained popularity owing to their remarkable properties . Purpose: To evaluate the marginal accuracy of IPS e.max and PEEK Bio.HPP monolithic crowns constructed by two fabrication techniques (Heat Press and CAD/CAM). Materials and methods: Twenty monolithic crowns were divided into two equal groups according to the materials used. Group E: Lithium disilicate crowns and Group P: PEEK BioHPP crowns. Each group was further subdivided into two equal subgroups according to the fabrication technique with five crowns per subgroup (n=5). Subgroup H: Heat Press technique and Subgroup C: CAD/CAM technique. A biogeneric copy STL file was generated biogeneric and sent to a 5-axis CAM machine to mill identical IPS e.max, PEEK BioHPP, and wax patterns. IPS e.max and PEEK Bio.HPP crowns were then heat-pressed using the milled wax patterns. The vertical marginal gap (VMG) distance was evaluated for each crown surface at five predetermined equally distributed points using the direct view technique. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the VMG distance between IPS e.max (23.1±2.8μm) and PEEK Bio.HPP (24.4±1.6μm) crowns. Crowns heat-pressed from IPS e.max ingots (23.1±2.8μm) and PEEK Bio.HPP pellets (24.4±1.6μm) showed a lower statistically significant mean VMG distance than the crowns CAD/CAM milled from IPS e.max blocks (29.5±3.2μm) and PEEK Bio.HPP blanks (30.2±1.4μm). Conclusion: IPS e.max and PEEK crowns fabricated using either technique showed clinically acceptable results, meanwhile the heat-pressing technique showed better marginal adaptation when compared to milled crowns.


Background: To investigate the value and significance of the modified Pringle method in liver resection treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
 Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed 94 cases of HCC treated with hepatic resection in our department between January 2006 and November 2013. The patients were divided into two groups by method of hepatic blood flow occlusion used (modified Pringle, 56 cases; Pringle, 38 cases). The following data were collected: intraoperative blood loss; blood transfusion volume (including red blood cells and plasma); hepatic portal blocking time; operation time; and liver function at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after the operation. The postoperative complications and length of hospital stay of the two groups were then compared. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in blood loss amount, blood transfusion volume, occlusion time, operation time, operation method, postoperative complications, or postoperative hospital stay length (P>0.05). However, the modified Pringle group demonstrated significantly faster postoperative recovery from hepatic injury (P Conclusions: Use of the modified Pringle method in liver resection allows for faster postoperative recovery from liver injury, making it especially suitable for patients with HCC and concomitant cirrhosis.


Stimulation of the pace and formation of the structure of regional economic growth is invariably one of the fundamental goals of the regional economic policy pursued by the subjects of the federal state. In the context of the cyclical development of regional economic systems and the beginning of the regionalization of the economy of the world leader – the United States of America - the problem of spatial and temporal differentiation of the choice of priorities to stimulate regional economic growth is becoming more urgent. Using the methods of regression modeling and economic statistics, an analysis was made of the influence of the main instruments of regional economic policy on the dynamics of regional economic growth over a long period of time 1961–2020 and forecast up to 2030. The obtained results revealed spatial asymmetries in the combination of the use of fiscal instruments and structural investment measures to regulate economic growth, associated with the level of development of subregions and individual states of the country. The transfer of the investment burden to stimulate regional economic growth in times of crisis to the end consumer is noted. The article substantiates the increasing role of such an instrument of regional policy as the selective regulation of aggregate regional export in the long term, indicating the transition from globalization to regionalization of the development of the economic systems of the states and largest municipalities of the United States to maintain the pace of regional economic growth while changing its structure.


Non-intrusive uncertainty quantification methods mostly rely on space filling sampling of the simulation model over the parameter space of input uncertainties. However, this direct sampling approach is costly for complex applications such as reacting multiphase flows or spray combustion due to the high computational demand. A common strategy is therefore the approximation of the high fidelity simulation via a suitable surrogate model. Thus, only sparse sampling of the actual simulation model over the considered parameter space is required for the generation of surrogate model training data. This paper examines the feasibility of different methods for the construction of surrogate models for spray combustion applications with a high dimension of input parameters and multiple output Quantities of Interest (QoI). Therefore, the Delft Spray in Hot Coflow flame is investigated by means of reacting multiphase simulations. In this testcase, main input uncertainties arise from the specification of a spray boundary condition replacing the need to model the primary atomization of the fuel injector. Radial profiles of temperature over the flame zone are considered as QoIs. Different sampling methods such as Central Composite Design (CCD), Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) and a low discrepancy Sobol sequence are used for the derivation of surrogate model training data. A second order polynomial approximation, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Gaussian Process based Kriging (GP) are selected as surrogate models. The effect of combined sampling strategy and choice of surrogate model on surrogate model quality is determined through local and global cross validation as well as hold out validation against additional simulation data. An efficient and reliable approach is found in the combination of Sobol sequence sampling plan and GP surrogate model. Finally, the application of the constructed surrogate models in an uncertainty quantification of the testcase considered is demonstrated.


The application of knowledge-based simulations to scoop lightweight design potentials in automotive industry provides an efficient way of virtual product development for inexperienced operators. Generating lightweight constructions or reengineering and improving existing automobile parts can be achieved by combining structural optimization, knowledge allocation and 3D scan techniques. As the phases of this process are mostly performed virtually and supported by a knowledge database, even inexperienced developers can efficiently invent lightweight constructions by utilizing modern optimization tools. Furthermore, they can secure the designs with enhanced finite element analyses and identify possible mechanical problems because of manufacturing deviations with help of 3D scanning methods.


Soft materials have many important roles in animal locomotion and object manipulation. In robotic applications soft materials can store and release energy, absorb impacts, increase compliance and increase the range of possible shape profiles using minimal actuators. The shape changing ability is also a potential tool to manipulate friction forces caused by contact with the environment. These advantages are accompanied by challenges of soft material actuation and the need to exploit frictional interactions to generate locomotion. Accordingly, the design of soft robots involves exploitation of continuum properties of soft materials for manipulating frictional interactions that result in robot locomotion. The research presents design and control of a soft body robot that uses its shape change capability for locomotion. The bioinspired (caterpillar) modular robot design is a soft monolithic body which interacts with the environment at discrete contact points (caterpillar prolegs). The deformable body is actuated by muscle-like shape memory alloy coils and the discrete contact points manipulate friction in a binary manner. This novel virtual grip mechanism combines two materials with different coefficients of frictions (sticky-slippery) to control the robot-environment friction interactions. The research also introduces a novel control concept that discretizes the robot-environment-friction interaction into binary states. This facilitates formulation of a control framework that is independent of the specific actuator or soft material properties and can be applied to multi-limbed soft robots. The transitions between individual robot states are assigned a reward that allow optimized state transition control sequences to be calculated. This conceptual framework is extremely versatile and we show how it can be applied to situations in which the robot loses limb function.


Polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) are often formed by polymer induced phase separation, based on photopolymerization of multifunctional acrylate monomers. The emerged morphology is controlled by the interplay between polymerization rate and phase separation dynamics, which depends on different parameters such as monomer structure and functionality. In this work, a new PDLC formulation containing urethane trimethacrylate (UTMA) monomer is introduced, which has different molecular weight evolution, polymer gel point, and polymerization kinetics in comparison with some common ester acrylate (such as TMPTA and DPHPA) based PDLC compositions. UTMA is synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. Simultaneous examination of polymer evolution and LC phase separation by real-time infrared spectroscopy shows that the UTMA based PDLC, which contains trifunctional urethane acrylate monomer, has greater amount of bond conversion, polymerization rate, and liquid crystal (LC) phase separation in comparison with TMPTA based PDLC. In spite of the acrylate monomers, which show gel point conversions as low as 1.83–5.72%, UTMA reaches to its maximum rate at 19.5% conversion, which causes higher phase separation and therefore greater LC domain size. The experimental results are explained more precisely by means of SEM and optical microscopy analyses. The results are confirmed by electro-optics measurements. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012


A formula for calculating the relativistic electron localization function (RELF) within the framework of the Dirac-Fock method is obtained. An approach similar to that used earlier in [A.D. Becke and K.E. Edgecombe, The Journal of Chemical Physics 92, 5397 (1990)] in deriving an expression for the nonrelativistic electron localization function (ELF) is applied. It is demonstrated that the expression for RELF differs from the expression for ELF with replacement of the nonrelativistic electron density by its relativistic counterpart. Relativistic calculations of ELF and RELF for a number of superheavy elements are performed and the results are compared. By several examples it is shown that the ELF value equal to 0.5 does not necessarily correspond to the distribution density of homogeneous electron gas. Keywords: relativistic electron localization function, Dirac-Fock method, superheavy elements, electron gas.


The article describes the method of risks calculation on all stages of project life cycle on the basis of application of the Bayesian networks. Programmatic realization of this method is carried out by the Hugin software package.


The optimal papermaking effluent treating process conditions within the laccase packed-bed reactor were analyzed with orthogonal experiment. Then single factor's effect was analyzed with single factor experiment and the optimal process conditions were fixed under different effluent conditions, including effect analysis on retention time, enzyme dosage, pH, and HBT concentration to the COD Cr removal efficiency. The result showed that with conditions like retention time 65 min, enzyme dosage 35 g·L-1 , pH 7.5 and HBT concentration 7 g·L-1 , the COD Cr removal efficiency can reach 42.63%.


Matched frequency hopping signals (MFH) signals has been proposed recently as an efficient channel-aware signaling technique in slowly fading dispersive channels. The hopping patterns of slow frequency hopping (SFH) signals are designed to match the channel transmission characteristics such that the hopped frequencies are concentrated in frequency slots of minimum attenuation and hence resulting in enhanced performance. An improved technique is presented in this paper by utilizing clipping of the channel response and extending the modulation to MFSK instead of binary FSK in previous work. In clipped MFH (CMFH) systems, the selection of the frequency slots is improved by clipping the frequency response of the dispersive channels such as to correspond to a maximized transmission through them and reduced transmission through frequency channels of higher attenuation. An analytical study of the bit error rate (BER) of the MFH/MFSK spread spectrum signals and the (CMFH) is presented. In the case of CMFH, the performance is improved and compared to that of MFH without clipping. The results show the advantage of CMFH technique and its importance as an efficient channel-aware spread spectrum signaling technique


When it comes into operation, the University of Virginia (three component) magnetic balance wind-tunnel facility will support a magnetic sphere in a Mach 3 wind tunnel. A model, built around the magnetic sphere, is essentially rotationally free at all frequencies and is free in translation at frequencies above some adjustable "balance frequency" (of the order of 10-15 Hz). The system, by responding to translation at frequencies below the balance frequency, holds the model in the test section. It is straightforward to arrange a passive, static magnetic restoring moment on the model so that it oscillates in rotation and translation at a frequency well above the balance frequency. Thus stable motion of an aerodynamically unstable model can be arranged. The study of the dynamic stability (or the evaluation of the dynamic derivatives) of a model corresponds to measuring the balance forces and moments, observing the model motion, and inverting the equations of motion to obtain both static and dynamic derivatives of the model. The motion of the model cannot be restricted to simple one or two-degree-of-freedom oscillations. Consequently, it was considered important to study the character of the problem of extracting aerodynamic derivatives from six-degree-of-freedom motion data. The analysis proceeded by calculating the motion of a 15° cone, the anticipated first model, in a reasonably realistic approximation of the model in the tunnel and using the full sixdegree-of-freedom equations of motion. The z force (in body frame) and pitching moment derivatives (and, of course, the corresponding lateral derivatives which follow from symmetry of the body)' which have nonzero values are the following: CKw = dCK/d(W/VT), CKq = dCK/d(Q d/VT) K = z,m


Experimental evidence is presented and compared with theoretical predictions from Quantum Thermodynamics, (QT) to examine whether or not the claims of QT are consistent with the existence and generation of entropy at atomistic scales. QT makes the assertion that entropy is an intrinsic property of matter in the same way that inertial mass, energy, and momentum are and must, thus, exist even for single particles. Entropy as defined by QT is a measure of the distribution of a system's internal energy at any given instant of time amongst the available internal degrees of freedom, i.e., the energy eigenlevels of the system. In this paper, it is shown that QT predicts the internal relaxation of a 5-level rubidium system that is consistent with the experimental data and not explained by current theory, i.e. by Quantum Mechanics. In addition, it is demonstrated that the decay of so-called "cat states" for single ions that are contained in Paul traps and that interact with a heat reservoir is also consistent with the idea of the existence of entropy and entropy generation at atomistic scales. This is accomplished by comparing experimental data with the predictions made using an extension of the equation of motion of QT that allows for heat interactions.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


At present, high frequency electronic ballast are widely used to drive the fluorescent lamp at high frequency for Improving light quality.
The electronic ballast mainly consist of an Inverter stage with a load resonant circuit.
This paper derives a lamp model consist of a
voltage equation and a current equation. The
proposed model is useful for an engineer to determine circuits parameters and to analyze the performance of electronic ballast with high frequency operation.
Simulation With PSPICE and experimentator and th high power factor of the proposed topology


levels of the conceptual models using the rigor of theory evaluation. I modified Dudley-Brown's nursing theory evaluation criteria to meet the needs of this study. Many of the criteria were transferrable to other disciplines, but some points of the criteria were related directly to nursing. After establishing the evaluation criteria, I used a qualitative coding (Saldaña, 2013) template to state the description, inclusion and exclusion evaluation criteria, and typical exemplars for each of Dudley-Brown's (1997) criterion (Table 2). 81 Table 2 Descriptions, Inclusion and Exclusion Evaluation Criteria, and Typical Exemplars for each of Dudley-Brown's (1997) criterion Criterion Description Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria Typical Exemplars Accuracy True representation of writing, incorporating key characteristics and components of the writing process Audience, critical thinking, content and discourse knowledge, context; author claimed Transcription, technology Contains the writing process (e.g., drafting, editing, revising, feedback, planning) Consistency Reliable, internally consistent, evidence of reliability Clear and consistent language; logical order and connectedness; consistent terms, principles, and methods; clear definitions and concepts; coherent; author claimed Inconsistencies Uses the same language throughout (e.g., always uses 'generate' instead of using 'generate' on some occasions and 'to come up with' on others).


Mirror dark matter offers a framework to explain the existing dark matter direct detection experiments. Here we confront this theory with the most recent experimental data, paying attention to the various known systematic uncertainties, in quenching factor, detector resolution, galactic rotational velocity, and velocity dispersion. We perform a detailed analysis of the DAMA and CoGeNT experiments assuming a negligible channeling fraction and find that the data can be fully explained within the mirror dark matter framework. We also show that the mirror dark matter candidate can explain recent data from the CDMS/ Ge, EdelweissII, and CRESSTII experiments and we point out ways in which the theory can be further tested in the near future.


1. Protein and energy requirements of local and imported commercial strains of ducklings were determined under tropical conditions. 2. The results indicate a requirement for a diet with 240 g crude protein/kg, 9 g methionine plus cystine/kg and 12.97 MJ metabolisable energy/kg for maximum growth and food efficiency up to 8 weeks of age. 3. Though the imported commercial‐strain ducklings grew faster and utilised food more efficiently than the local strain, the general pattern of response indicated that optimum concentrations of nutrients were similar in the two strains. 4. The indicated nutrient contents are different from the recommended concentrations for ducklings in the temperate environment.


BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to study the occurrence, to evaluate and to correlate the various histopathologic types of tumors at different sites of Gastrointestinal tract in relation to age and sex of the patients operated at surgical department and specimens received at pathology department of P.D.U. Medical college, Rajkot(Gujarat, India). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional histopathological study of gastrointestinal tumors of 64 cases was carried out on surgical specimens received from department of Surgery, P.D.U. Medical College, Rajkot from july-2010 to November-2012. Specimen were sent in 10% formalin, twenty times that of the specimen's volume. It was kept for 24 hours in 10% formalin for proper fixation, subsequently dehydration, clearing, embedding in paraffin wax were carried out. Blocks were made, sections of 3μm thickness were cut and stained with Harris Haematoxylin and Eosin stain and observed microscopically. RESULTS: From the total of 64 cases: 45 males and 19 females with peak occurrence in sixth decade and anatomical distribution was in oesophagus 10(15.62%), stomach 07(10.93%), small intestine 11(17.18%), appendix 00(0%),colon and rectum 35(54.68%), anal canal 01(01.56%) with histological types epithelial 54(84.37%), mesenchymal 06(09.30%), Lymphoma 04(06.27%). CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal tumors show a wide variation in the morphology. So, histopathological examination is must for the diagnosis and typing of these tumors. The peak age distribution was in the sixth decade. Male to female ratio was 2.36:1. The occurrence of gastrointestinal tumors was highest in the colon and rectum accounted for 54.68% of cases.


The ever-increasing discovery of biologically important events mediated by carbohydrates has generated great interest in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and the development of new methods for glycosidic bond formation. In this paper, we report that 2,3-anhydrofuranose thioglycosides (1, 5) and glycosyl sulfoxides (2, 6), in which the hydroxyl groups C-2 and C-3 are "protected" as an epoxide, glycosylate alcohols with an exceptionally high degree of stereocontrol. The predominant or exclusive product of reactions with this fundamentally new class of glycosylating agent is that in which the newly formed glycosidic bond is cis to the epoxide moiety. We further demonstrate that subsequent nucleophilic opening of the epoxide moiety proceeds under basic conditions to give products in high yield and with good to excellent regioselectivity. The major ring-opened products possess the arabino stereochemistry, and thus this methodology constitutes a new approach for the synthesis of arabinofuranosides. In the epox...


This paper introduces the notion of kinematic redundancy in nonholonomic mechanical systems, identifies some of the interesting properties which result because of the presence of the redundancy, and initiates a study of the control and application of these systems. It is shown that kinematic redundancy in nonholonomic system can be exploited both to simplify the problem of controlling these systems and to enhance their performance capabilities. Moreover, it is demonstrated that these results can be obtained even in the presence of considerable uncertainty regarding the system model. The proposed ideas are illustrated through the study of three example systems: a space robot, a mobile manipulator, and a tractor-trailer system with two steering inputs (fire truck).


account of how she conducted the research, described as an application of the Chicago ethnographic approach to social life. Her stricture is not to focus on the films themselves, but rather to begin by examining what audiences are up to, describing what is seen in detail: how people choose which film to view; stand in line for tickets; get a good seat; what they bring to eat or buy; when they leave the theatre to smoke or gossip; deal with annoying audiences, and talk about it all. Srinivas demonstrates that carrying out fieldwork in the flow of modernity is of necessity 'polymorphous', a kind of highly 'mobile ethnography', often serendipitous, that disciplines observation while preparing the practitioner to appreciate surprising events and connections. To this end, her account draws upon interactions with ticket takers, scalpers, and those with whom she waits in queues; formal interviews with film makers, journalists, production crews, and producers; ethnographic accounts of film openings and their accompanying ceremonies, as well as detailed reporting on the theatres themselves and what goes on in them. Srinivas' description of her fieldwork (pages 19–31) is a model for carrying out research in fluid urban environments, and extremely useful as a supplementary text for introductory research methods courses. Pages 113–114 include a wonderful example of the richness of her field notes that students would be well advised to emulate.


A two-dimensional subsonic air flow past a block mounted on a flat plate is investigated experimentally. The block is equivalent to a forwardbackward facing step pair. It is shown that although the length-to-height ratio is high (L/h=lQ), the flow separation at the backward facing step is strongly influenced by the oncoming perturbations of the forward facing one: the reattachment occurs 3.5 step heights downstream of the edge and the wall pressure field is influenced by eddies generated by the forward facing step separation. The latter also creates the strongest flow perturbations, resulting in a dominant contribution to sound radiation. The experiment is carried out in the large anechoic room of the Ecole Centrale de Lyon. The h= 0.05 m high block is placed in an acoustically transparent channel and the corresponding Reynolds number based on the step height is 1.7 10. The boundary layer thickness of the incoming flow is about 0.7 h. Measurements include a detailed Laser Doppler Anemometry analysis of the mean and fluctuating velocity field, in-depth measurements of the wall pressure fluctuations around the two steps, and streamwise source localisations obtained with a near field acoustic array.


Abstract In search of more potent new antitubercular agents, a library of novel piperazine tethered dimeric 1,2,3-triazoles were designed by assembling 1,2,3-triazoles and piperazine in a single molecular architectural framework. The titled compounds (3a–m) were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 1,4-di(prop-2-yn-1-yl)piperazine (1) and various azides (2a–m) using click chemistry approach with good yields. All the synthesized compounds (3a–m) have been screened for their in vitro antitubercular, antifungal and antioxidant activities against their respective strains. Among them, 3b, 3d, and 3i have revealed promising antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv with MIC 12.5 µg/mL. Molecular docking results provided well-clustered solutions to the mode of binding for these molecules into the active site of Mtb enoyl reductase (InhA). In addition to this, most of synthesized compounds were found to have potential antifungal as well as antioxidant activity. Graphical Abstract


The 'art' of banking is an indefinable area steeped in subjective judgement and personal relationships. Though a significant amount of money is lent in this way, 'scientific' lending is probably more important and the balance struck between the two is unique in each transaction. Scientific borrowing aims to increase output and profit, reduce risk or improve working conditions, or increase the size of the enterprise, but the banker wants proof of management ability.


Introduction: Low birth weight infants remain a significant public health problem in many developing countries. Poor nutrition recognized as an important cause, which is associated with a shortterm and long-term adverse consequences, carrying relatively greater risks of perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Methods: The nutritional status was assessed prospectively on 170 LBWI in neonatology ward of Guangxi medical university, Nanning, China, from January 2007 to December 2008; with infant's birth weight, the most obvious day age of weight lost, the lowest weight percentage and the age recovering to birth weight. Mounla's method was based on the excess time expressed in percent beyond the allocated time for an infant to gain the birth weight and the excess drop in weight expressed in percent beyond the allowed drop of weight. Results: There were61.8% male and38.2% female with gestational age at the time of admission is 28 ~ 37 (33.7±1.9) week; birth weight of 1180~ 2480 (1952±316) gram. The most obvious day age of weight lost was 21~10 (3.7±1.4) days and the regain of the birth weight is 2~23 (7.8±3.8) days. The incidence of malnutrition was 52.3% based on Mounla's method. Conclusion: Mounla's method used to assess nutritional status of LBWI provides certain reference for the clinical support in nutrition of the infants. Keyword: Low birth weight, Nutrition, Mounla's method. Rajbhandari D1, Zhong Dan Ni, 2 Gu Jiao Wei, 2Gao Zhong Yao2 1Department of Pediatrics, Kirtipur Hospital, Devdhoka, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 2Department of Neonatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PRC Corresponding address: Dr. Deepak Rajbhandari Email: email@example.com Introduction Newborns with Low birth weight (LBW) remains a significant problem in many developing countries, and poor nutrition recognized as an important cause, which is associated with greater risks of perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, and substandard growth and development in later life.1-2 Survival rate of premature and extremely premature infants is increasing with advances in neonatal–perinatal medicine. Incidence of prematurity has increased over the past decade, resulting in an everincreasing number of infants that as a group are a challenge to both neonatologists and nutritionists. 1 Nutritional assessment is a continuous process for newborn infants in neonatal units and growth compared with standard norms and growth rate remain the cornerstone for evaluation of nutritional adequacy. The nutritional status of the newborn infant is monitored by daily assessments of fluid and energy intake and evaluating the rate of growth in weight, length and head circumference.9-11 Traditionally, assessment of nutritional status of newborns begins with the plotting of anthropometric measurements on standard intrauterine growth curves.3-4 Clinical assessment of nutritional status (CAN score) described by Metcoff was developed to differentiate malnourished from appropriately nourished babies. Nutritional assessments was done within 48 hours on the basis of the superficial readily detectable signs of malnutrition in the newborn; a score of < 25 was used to define as malnutrition.12The Ponderal index (PI) and mid arm circumference /head circumference (MAC/ HC) ratio


In acid medium and in the presence of AgNO3 as catalytic agent and(NH4)2SO4 as oxidic agent,Cr(Ⅲ)and Mn2+ in solution are oxidized into Cr2O72-and MnO4-.Beers law is obeyed in the mass concentration range of 20-80 μg/mL for Gr2O2-7 and 4-14 μg/mL for MnO-4 and their absorbency have additivity.According to the above,A partial least square spectrophotometric method,by that chromium and manganese were determined simultaneously without separation was proposed.As compared with P-Matrix and PLS,this method is more accurate.It is employed in the determination of chromium and manganese in three steels(PCrNi3Mo,GCr15 and 86CrMoV7) and the results are in consistent with those obtained by nationnal standard methods.


From a healthcare perspective, there is an underlying assumption that most gay and bisexual men do not intentionally seek to have unprotected anal sex. This paper presents the results of a qualitative investigation conducted in three Canadian gay bathhouses regarding unprotected anal sex among men. It is our contention that much epidemiological research, though helpful, obfuscates essential factors in the practice of bareback sex. Consequently, the paper addresses two themes: the identification from the participants' perspective of the risk factors involved in the practice of bareback sex and the identification of specific risk-reduction strategies used by barebackers. Our research results indicate that the majority of the participants were informed about health risks and took steps to avoid harmful practices even when engaging in high-risk sexual activities. Many participants, regardless of their HIV status, used risk-reduction strategies because the majority wanted to protect both their partners and themselves.


KEIGI FUJIWARA, MICHITAKA MASUDA, MASAKI OSAWA, KAZUO KATOH, YUMIKO KANO, NOBORU HARADA, AND ROSANGELA B. LOPES Department of Structural Analysis, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, 56.54565 Japan Fluid flow triggers a variety of responses in vascular endothelial cells (ECs), such as initiation of signal trans- duction, modulation of gene expression, and remodeling of cytoskeletal and related structures. However, the pri- mary steps of mechanosensing are not known. Because fluid flow is a mechanical (thus vectorial) stimulus, we decided to study how ECs respond in a vectorial manner. Among the various types of responses (for review, see Davies, 1995), those involving the cytoskeleton are clearly vectorial. Using a parallel plate flow chamber mounted on a light microscope, we first analyzed morphological responses of ECs to laminar flow (Masuda and Fujiwara, 1993a, b). We found that, in addition to the already known morpho- logical responses of ECs to flow (i.e., the elongation and alignment of ECs parallel to the direction of flow and alignment of stress fibers in the flow direction), flow in- duced preferential development of lamellipodia in the di- rection of flow. This latter response caused ECs to migrate preferentially in the flow direction. Although it takes many hours for both the cell shape change and the align- ment responses to become recognizable, the motility pat- tern change was detectable in 5 - 10 min. This is the fastest morphology-related response of ECs exposed to flow. ECs exhibit little morphologically detectable responses when exposed to fluid shear stress of less than 0.4 Pa (4 dyn/cm2), although it is known that many signal-transduc-


Optical pumping can increase the polarization of nuclear spins in semiconductors such as GaAs by many orders of magnitude, improving the sensitivity in conventionally detected nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments.Optical detection of these NMR transitions provides an additional increase in sensitivity, and furthermore, can distinguish signal contributions from different quantum wells in multiple quantum well samples. In this article we study the coupling mechanisms for all-optical NMR experiments, where modulation of the cw optical excitation at the nuclear Larmor frequency induces transitions between the nuclear spin states. We find clear evidence for two different types of interaction between the photogenerated carriers and the nuclear spins: the hyperfine interaction and the coupling between the electric field of the electron and the nuclear quadrupole moment. While the former induces only Δm 1 = ′ 1 transitions, the latter also causes (single photon-) Δm 1 = ′ 2 transitions.


Introduction: Collagen is a versatile biomaterial and has been widely used in many medical applications including hemostasis where it creates a scaffold for the clot to form and stop bleeding [2]. How the collagen is further remodeled by the body depends on the nature and conformational state of the collagen when it is applied to the bleeding site. Pepsinized collagen is a unique microfibrillar collagen produced when the enzyme pepsin is used to release the collagen from hide tissue. Pepsin clips away the telopeptide ends of the collagen molecule rendering the collagen markedly less immunogenic to the human body [3]. Furthermore, the pepsinization-based process has been shown to produce microfibrillar collagen as close as possible to its natural state [4], which may be beneficial for the remodeling of the collagen during hemostasis towards facilitating healing in addition to stopping bleeding. The purpose of this evaluation was to characterize the ultrastructure of collagens used in hemostatic products in various forms (soluble or insoluble/fibrous) and assess whether they can be characterized as microfibrillar and exhibit the associated conformational flexibility to transition to the fibrillar state.


A method comprising: Providing a preformed substrate with a leadframe structure and a molding material, wherein the leadframe structure includes a first conductive portion, a second conductive portion and an intermediate portion between the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion; Separating the intermediate portion, to isolate the first conductive portion of the second electrically conductive portion; Attaching a semiconductor die to the substrate; and electrically coupling the first and second conductive portions to the semiconductor chip.


Innovative uses of communications technology for instructional purposes need not be expensive nor complex to be effective. Sometimes a rethinking of current practices and the awareness of existing technology is sufficient to achieve gains in terms of program economy, consumer convenience, and academic achievement. Like all telephone subscribers, Central Piedmont Community College pays a fixed rate for telephone service which is independent of the level of local use. Reflection suggested that this represented an under-utilized resource that contained potential for the delivery of educational services during hours the phones were normally unattended. In the spring of 1980 five faculty members from five departments participated in an experiment to determine how best to proceed in the development of an instructional strategy to capitalize on a "paid for" but unused resource represented by a fixed fee telephone cost. Each faculty member developed an instructional design for a single course. The design identified which lessons of a given course the faculty member felt required traditional lectures and which lessons were considered appropriate for transmission over the telephone system. Audio tapes were prepared for the telephone lessons and in many cases were accompanied by printed materials containing problems, questions, and support information. The project was designed so that a minimum of 10 percent of the normal course lectures were available only through the telephone system. Each faculty member's telephone was equipped with a connection to a J-Tec telecassette player with an automatic rewind and count feature. During normal working hours, the telecassette was disconnected through an on-off switch and was available for use like any other telephone on campus. At the end of the day and on weekends the telecassette was activated and responded to students' inquiries by transmitting the recorded lecture.


In this work, we present two novel methods to determine the interfacial tension of a disperse polymer blend through rheo-optical measurements of flow-induced single drop distortions. A counter-rotating shearing device with transparent plates is used to measure drop distortions. The cell geometry allows for a top view of the deforming drop, i.e., along the velocity gradient direction. Such a view is the only possible option for all currently available commercial rheo-optical instruments. Two different quantities are monitored, namely, the drop axis along the vorticity direction, and the rotation period of the drop surface. We use drops of a polyacrilamide aqueous solution (a shear thinning liquid) immersed in a polyisobutene matrix. Experimental results are interpreted in terms of theories for Newtonian liquids, where the relevant parameter is the Capillary number. If an appropriate viscosity ratio is chosen, that accounts for the shear thinning behaviour of the drop phase, good agreement is found between measurements and theoretical predictions. As a result, a robust estimate of the blend interfacial tension, that makes use only of the information acquired from top view experiments, is obtained.


This invention provides a ADSL modem applied in communication wideband system. Based on the generic ADSL modem it adds virtual circuit automatic configuration module, PPPoE customer side module, IP Relay module, DHCP module and traffic control module. Its hardware adopts CX82310 chip. By using software to implement flush type operation system adopting Vx Word. The invention can replace traditional ADSL modem, and users on longer need to make any configuration and install PPPoE customer side software.


Mediation research has for a long time been divided on whether 'power mediators' or 'pure mediators' are preferred as peace brokers in armed conflicts. This study contributes by drawing a broader e ...


High‐power chemical lasers operating in high repetitive rate show a decrease of the output energy laser beam. In such lasers, the characteristic time which depends on the laser output is short in comparison with those related to the flow. Consequently, shock waves, acoustic waves and thermal perturbations, induced by the strong electric energy deposition and remaining in the laser cavity between two pulses, may explain the decrease of output energy of the laser beam. For a better understanding of the flowfields, a numerical approach is carried out using flux corrected transport algorithms (FCT methods) associated with a Riemann solver on the computational domain boundaries. Under two‐dimensional assumptions, the inviscid flow in the convergent‐divergent laser cavity is computed to describe the creation and propagation of the wave system and the hot gas column in both single and multidischarge operating modes. Distortions of the contact surfaces are put into evidence through the study of flowfield instabilities. Finally, the limitations of the two‐dimensional modelization become apparent. The numerical resolution is extended to a 3D case in order to take into account the optical direction. This allows to study the influence of shock waves travelling between optics and being generated by a side effect developing at the electrodes. These waves have an effect of long duration on the flowfield and lead to a high residual perturbation level.


The complex correlation of structure and magnetism in highly coercive monoatomic FePt surface alloys is studied using scanning tunneling microscopy, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and ab initio theory. Depending on the specific lateral atomic coordination of Fe either hard magnetic properties comparable to that of bulk FePt or complex noncollinear magnetism due to Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interactions are observed. Our calculations confirm the subtle dependence of the magnetic anisotropy and spin alignment on the local coordination and suggest that 3D stacking of Fe and Pt layers in bulk L 1 0 magnets is not essential to achieve high-anisotropy values. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.067207


A thermal swing extraction system using a thermosensitive gel, poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) crosslinked with 2,6-di(3-vinylbenzyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine (BTP) was proposed. Extraction of Cd(II) in an aqueous nitrate solution and elution with acidic solutions (pH = 1 to 5) were tested by two thermosensitive gels prepared by the ultrasonic polymerization and the ordinary radical polymerization, called US-gel and FR-gel, respectively. cd(II) was extracted in the gel shrunken at higher than LCST (lower critical solution temperature, 31°C) and released from the gel swollen at less than LCST. Such temperature-change of extractability for the US-gel was larger than that for the FR-gel. The US-gel, in which aggregates of BTP molecules are not formed, is suitable to the thermal-swing extraction system. The elution of Cd(II) into a weakly acidic solution (pH > 2) was promoted by the volume phase transition of gel from the shrinking state to the swelling one. Even in a very weakly acidic solution of pH 5, more than 50% of Cd(II) extracted was eluted by the volume phase transition of gel. These results suggest that the elution operation with the volume phase transition of gel is very effective for reducing a quantity of eluting agent.


Abstract Transnucl6aire is involved in road and rail transport of nuclear fuel cycle materials. To comply with IAEA recommendations, Transnucl6aire has to master methods of emergency response in the event of a transport accident. Considering the utmost severe situations, Transnucl6aire has studied several cases and focused especially on an accident involving a heavy cask. In France, the sub-prefect of each department is in charge of the organisation of the emergency teams. The sub-prefect may request Transnucl6aire to supply experts, organisation, equipment and technical support. The Transnucleaire Emergency Response Plan covers all possible scenarios of land transport accidents and relies on: (i) an organisation ready for emergency situations, (ii) equipment dedicated to intervention, and (iii) training of its own experts and specialised companies.


In the article the way of life of Augustine Voloshin has been reviewed, the teaching, scientific and organizational, publishing and political activity have been characterized, his philosophical and pedagogical concept has been analyzed. Philosophical thought, which seems to have now ceased, should prepare for a new universal cognitive desire to look at the horizons of the future and take on the mission of understanding and rethinking the national and universal (historical, political, social psychological, philosophical) pedagogical experience. In this context, Voloshin's philosophical and pedagogical heritage plays an important role as an outstanding Ukrainian thinker, humanist, educator. Remembering A. Voloshin's merits as a politician, a fighter for freedom and independence of his native land, one can not forget that he was, above all, a teacher, a research teacher who perfectly understood the importance of education for the better future of his people. He emphasized that our people through enlightenment will rise from a deep sleep, rise to a better material life and thereby provide a better future. Having written about the conceptual and methodological foundations of the philosophy of education, A. Voloshin largely outstripped his contemporaries, and this is the real greatness of this man who gave more than 45 years of his creative life to pedagogical and cultural-educational work. Pedagogical heritage, scientific, universal, philosophical views of the prominent Ukrainian scientist are still waiting for their researchers.


INOSINIC COMPOUNDS. No relations are found between the quality and the amount of hypoxanthine, inosine, adenylic acid and inosinic acid. The differences of palatability between the slight and ex- haustive extractives, or between ordinary and blooded parts of the meat are also not explain able on basis of the quantity and sorts of inosinic acid-like substances.


Increasing attention has been directly towards the energy efficient scheduling algorithms for parallel applications in high performance clusters.The existing duplication-based energy scheduling algorithms mainly leverage a threshold to balance system performance and energy consumption.However,the threshold is given randomly which cannot flexibly adapt to the cluster system and application performance requirements,thus making the ideal energy efficient scheduling results.In this paper,we propose a novel two-phase Adaptive Threshold-based Energy-efficient Scheduling algorithm(ATES).At first,we propose an adaptive threshold-based task duplication strategy,which can obtain an optimal threshold.It then leverages the optimal threshold to balance schedule lengths and energy savings by selectively replicating predecessor of a task.Therefore,the proposed task duplication strategy can get the suboptimal task groups.Then,it schedules the groups on the DVS-enabled processors to reduce processor energy whenever tasks have slack time due to task dependencies.The algorithm combines DVS(Dynamic Voltage Scaling) technique with adaptive threshold-based task duplication strategy.It justifies the threshold automatically to improve the energy efficiency of the scheduling algorithm.To illustrate the effectiveness of ATES,we simulate the real-world applications and compare ATES with the other four common task scheduling algorithms.Extensive experiment results show that our algorithm can much effectively balance schedule lengths and energy savings.


Most U.S. laws prohibiting discrimination by businesses focus on specific types of discrimination - race, religion, gender, age, or disability, for example. For over 100 years, California has taken a significant step further, prohibiting all forms of arbitrary business discrimination. Until recently, therefore, California businesses could not exclude someone on the simple excuse "because I don't like you" or "because I don't like your kind." Over the past 10 years, however, a few lower California courts have radically cut back these statutory protections, holding that the law now known as the Unruh Act only prohibits discrimination on the basis of characteristics specifically enumerated in that act - sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, or disability. If followed, this line of cases threatens to overturn a century of innovative anti-discrimination jurisprudence. Some might view this movement, not yet ratified by the state Supreme Court, as evidence of extreme judicial activism. Yet it may result at least in part from the lack of a set of well-articulated standards for adjudicating discrimination claims not framed in terms of suspect classes. Part I of the article reviews the history of the California's ban on arbitrary discrimination by businesses from the 1897 Act to the most recent legislative amendments. This history establishes that the California legislature intended, and until recently the courts had uniformly construed, the ban to prohibit all forms of arbitrary discrimination. Part II examines the recent cases that purport radically to limit that ban, focusing in particular on difficulties that may have led recent lower courts to their seemingly extreme conclusions. Part III, finally, attempts to resolve these difficulties, proposing an approach, consistent with the 100-year history of the ban, that would permit courts to continue to respect the repeatedly-stated will of the legislature.


Perforation peritonitis is one of the most common presenting complaints in surgical emergency. Candida albicans is a ubiquitous fungus present in healthy individual and is normal commensal of the gastrointestinal tract. Candida infections generally developed in immunocompromised hosts with malignant tumours, diabetes and those patients who have been on long term steroid, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) or any immunosuppressant drugs. 1 Candida infection of gastrointestinal tract is rare as its pH is low but following long-term use of antacids, Candida infection found in gastric ulcer in healthy person. Gastric perforation caused by Candida albicans is very rare and it is seen mainly in immune compromised and debilitated patients. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 1 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


National Instruments develops software and hardware tools which can be used in the design, test, and deployment of cyber-physical systems. Our technology has been used in numerous machine control, automated manufacturing, process control, autonomous vehicle, and biomedical applications. As part of our consulting and support efforts, we have gained first-hand knowledge of the challenges faced by engineers and scientists.


The invention relates to a container containing wine, in particular to a pocket-size red wine bottle for containing a small amount of red wine. The bottle comprises a bottle mouth, a bottleneck, a bottle shoulder, a bottle body and a bottle bottom. The outer diameter of the bottle mouth is 29 mm, the inner diameter of the bottle mouth is 20 mm, and the height is 8 mm; the bottleneck and the bottle body are cylinders, the length of the bottleneck is 72 mm, the outer diameter of the bottleneck is 26 mm, and the inner diameter of the bottleneck is 20 mm; the height of the bottle shoulder is 25 mm, the bottle shoulder is connected with the bottleneck and the bottle body in the mode of forming a certain radian, the height of the bottle body is 130 mm, the center of the bottle bottom is sunken towards the bottle body, the outer diameter of the bottle bottom is 50 mm, and the height of the pocket-size red wine bottle is 235 mm. The red wine bottle is made of glass of a deep color such as black green or dark brown, and can be used for containing 190 milliliters of the red wine, and the red wine is suitable for being drunk by one person.


In this green protocol for the reaction of α,β-unsaturated ketones with benzamidine hydrochloride the recyclable choline hydroxide serves as both the catalyst and the reaction medium.


The method involves moving bread slice packets (46) from a starting position into a packaging position. Packaging film webs (32) are merged at a side of the bread slice packets turned away from the film webs. The film webs are welded by forming two parallel spaced side weld seams. The packaging film webs are merged in a region of a packet retaining compartment (48) at a side edge and welded by forming closed bottom weld seams. Packaged bread slice packets are separated from the packaging film webs in a region between the two side weld seams. An independent claim is also included for a cutting machine.


Brass was a member of the research team for the inter-European SCIBE project (HERA-funded), exploring relationships between scarcity and creativity in the context of the built environment, where scarcity is interpreted as an economic, social and cultural condition. The project questioned the underlying assumptions on which growth and development are traditionally founded.
Brass investigated how scarcity might affect the creativity of architects, and how design-led actions might improve environments where scarcity is rife. The hypothesis that scarcity may stimulate creativity was tested in Bromley-by-Bow, noted as the most deprived area of London. With the team, Brass devised a combination of methodologies, including observation techniques, photographic recordings and 'derive' (a situationist technique of wandering to absorb diverse information about a geographical location), to explore the area. In-depth interviews were conducted with over 100 local residents to establish their relationship to the place where they lived. A competition to explore ideas for the future regeneration of the area under scarcity led to two public presentations of ideas; the research team selected a combination of the best ideas and then created four teams with symbiotic thinking. Brass worked with each team to help develop enterprising and viable propositions, ensuring robust social and environmental credentials as well as business potential, using design methodologies for community engagement.
The research shed unexpected light on preconceptions of scarcity, and culminated with a public exhibition of the final outputs, 'Sightlines: Mapping Scarcity and Creativity in Bromley-By-Bow' held in Bromley-by-Bow in 2013.
Brass is now co-investigator on the inter-European project, SusLabNWE, looking to improve feedback on energy-use in low-income households.


A survey requesting students to assess components of effective learning was presented in four forestry courses one at each undergraduate academic level. A total of 120 students received the survey and 118 returned it. Results clearly indicate that students rank instructor attitude and subject matter as the most significant factors to effective learning. Course style and format were much less important, although students have a clear preference for any format that provides hands-on experiences. While most students are familiar with some forms of teaching technology, they only rated it as somewhat effective to the learning process.


Abstract. Data collected by the Stokkseyri SuperDARN HF radar simultaneously at short and far ranges are used to investigate the relationship between the velocity of E-region HF echoes, E×B electron drift and the isothermal ion-acoustic speed CS. The work targets large E×B drifts of >1000 m s−1 and observations predominantly along the flow. By considering the EISCAT temperature and electric field data, an empirical relationship between the E×B drift velocity and CS is established for a number of ionospheric heights. For the Stokkseyri HF radar beams oriented roughly along the E×B direction, the observed E-region HF velocities are consistent with the CS values at the bottom of the electrojet but not at its center. For a subset of the data with smooth and consistent velocity variation with the beam azimuth at both short and far radar ranges the velocity varies according to the cosine law. For the E-region echoes, the proportionality coefficient in the cosine law is consistent with the CS values at the bottom of the electrojet. For these events, the E-region velocity maximum is shown to be between the E×B and electric field directions. The statistically average shift is ~20° and it increases slightly with the E×B magnitude.


Graham Stott explores agency in Ursula K. Le Guin's Tombs of Atuan as something requiring not simply self-confidence, but collaboration and trust as well. He sees Le Guin's decision to shift her narrative away from the magic of the Archipelago and Roke Island as a way of forcing Tenar, her young woman protagonist, to make her own choices, to find subjectivity on her own terms and her own ground.
Both those new to and familiar with the world of Earthsea will relish Stott's argument that trust and choice, but not magic, are essential to Tenar's growth into knowledge of herself.


| An important problem in the theory and application of block code trellises is to nd a coordinate permutation for a given code that minimizes the trellis state complexity. In this paper we show that the problem of minimizing a given component of the state complexity proole is NP-complete. We describe an algorithm, though not guaranteed to nd an optimal coordinate ordering, uses a heuristic descent technique to nd \good" solutions to the problem. We have applied this algorithm to various codes, and our results are tabulated.


The invention relates to a ready-mixed concrete with phosphorus slag powder, which is characterized in that the composition ratio and the weight ratio comprise the following parts: 120-150 parts of cement, 100-250 parts of phosphorus slag powder, 0-120 part(s) of fly ash, 0.5-20 part(s) of water reducing agent, 0-0.5 part of air entraining agent, 0-0.02 part of water retention agent, 50-17000 parts of coarse aggregate, 20-9000 parts of fine aggregate and 100-300 parts of water. The invention takes the industrial waste residue i.e. the phosphorus slag powder as the admixture part of the concrete to replace the cement to dope in the ready-mixed concrete, thereby reducing the use amount of the cement, uses the retarding characteristic of the phosphorus slag to reduce the gelled material cost of the concrete and the manufacture cost the of concrete pumping aid, simultaneously gives full play to the characteristic of the phosphorus slag so as to reduce the hydration heat and the adiabatic temperature rise of the concrete, decreases the elasticity modulus and improves the ultimate tensile strain capacity of the concrete, the strength growth rate is high, and the durability is significantly improved; and the invention can changes the waste into the valuable and turns the harmful into the beneficial.


Background and Study Aim. Sprint performance plays a major role in success of field-based team sports such as soccer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sprinting performance and both lower and upper extremity explosive strength in young soccer players.
Material and Methods. One hundred forty-seven soccer players (mean±SD; age 11.6±1.66 years, height 143.2±11.8 cm, body mass 37.1±10.2 kg and training experience 1.11±1.5 years) voluntarily participated in this study. The sprinting performance of each player was determined using their 5, 10, 20 and 30m single sprint times. The lower and upper extremity explosive strength were evaluated by standing long jump and medicine ball throwing tests respectively. Prior to the study, each of the players was given detailed information about the risks and injuries they could encounter during the study, and parental consent was obtained by their signatures on informed voluntary consent forms since the subjects were under the age of 18. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from Ankara University Medical Faculty's Surgical and Medical Research Ethics Committee.
Results. The results indicated a strong relationship between sprinting performance and horizontal jump performance (r=-.671 -.764; p=0.001) and also a large relationship between sprinting performance and upper extremity strength (r=-.633  -.703; p=0.001). The sprint performance (n=147) also significantly correlated with body weight (r=-.345  -.373; p=0.001) and height (r=-.445  -.505; p=0.001).
Conclusions. The study results suggest that upper extremity strength is as important as the lower extremity strength for sprinting performance and that trainers should emphasize lower and upper extremity strength in training intended to improve sprinting performance.


In Japan,technology innovation of energy efficiency plays an important role in both improving energy efficiency and reducing dependence on foreign energy supplies.From "Moonlight Plan" to Energy-Saving Technology Strategy,Japanese government has gradually set up a comprehensive technology innovation system of energy efficiency which gives strong support to Japan's "low carbon society".This paper analyzes the development as well as the new trends of Japanese energy efficiency technology innovation policies,discusses its measurement of path creation to break lock-in,and finally puts forward suggestions to China.


Ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility (EDSF) syndrome also known as McGrath syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis, which results from lossof-function mutations in plakophilin 1 (PKP1) [1]. It is now considered as a specific suprabasal form of epidermolysis bullosa simplex [2]. First case of EDSF syndrome was described by Mcgrath in a 6 year old boy in 1997 [1]. There are only few case reports of EDSF syndrome, we are reporting this case to add to the number of cases of the rare entity.


The case of a 29 year-old man who suffered a cardiac arrest due to a massive pulmonary embolism while he was undergoing surgical repair of a complex tibial plateau fracture is presented. After 70 min of unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation a bolus of 20 mg tenecteplase was given, with a return of spontaneous circulation 2 min after administration of the drug. Pulmonary embolism was subsequently demonstrated on a pulmonary angiogram. To our knowledge this is the first report to show that the use of a low dose of tenecteplase might be useful to achieve the return of spontaneous circulation in the resuscitation of patients with cardiac arrest secondary to massive pulmonary embolism. Previously reported cases are reviewed.