Abstract 4020 Introduction: The discovery of therapeutically relevant tumor antigens requires the demonstration of endogenous antigen processing and presentation by class I HLA molecules and evidence for the antigen9s ability to elicit a specific immune response. Traditional antigen discovery methods have focused on initially generating T cell clones that recognize a target with subsequent testing of sequentially purified peptide pools to determine the chemical structure of the antigen. Generating T cell clones and the subsequent antigen discovery processes are labor-intensive, time-consuming and inefficient because antigen characteristics such as source protein, tissue restriction, HLA-restriction, and binding affinity cannot be determined prior to the generation of the T cell clone. To address these limitations, we developed an antigen discovery method based upon initial identification of HLA-epitopes with subsequent immune characterization that bypasses the need to generate a T cell clone and enabled us to identify and characterize 2 leukemia associated antigens within 1 year. Methods: Wild-type HLA-A0201 was stably transduced into the U937 myeloid leukemia cell line. Approximately 2×10 9 HLA-A0201+U937 were lysed and the peptide/HLA-A0201 complexes were purified by immunoaffinity column chromatography. The peptides were liberated from the HLA by weak acid elution and analyzed by reverse phase HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Collision induced dissociation (CID) MS/MS data were analyzed using the Mascot search engine. From 23 unambiguously sequenced, high-abundance peptides we analyzed 2 peptides, derived from ANKRD17 (UNC-A17 = LLIERGASL) and CDK4 (UNC-CK4 = ALTPVVVTL). These peptides were selected because ANKRD17 is a known source protein for the breast cancer antigen NY-BR-16, and CDK4 initiates entry into S-phase and is currently an investigational therapeutic target for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Results: We confirmed CDK4 protein expression and observed variable (1 sample with high expression and 2 samples with low expression) expression of ANKRD17 in 3 of 3 human AML samples using western blots. Using an in-vitro assay, we found that both antigens bound HLA-A0201 with a dissociation t 1/2 > 8 hours. Because of this slow off rate, we performed T cell expansion studies from healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We were able to generate antigen-specific oligoclonal T cell populations for both antigens. These T cell populations demonstrated antigen-specific immune function based upon intracellular interferon-γ flow cytometry measurements using both peptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cells and HLA-A0201+U937 cells as immune targets. We next looked for evidence of in-vivo T cell immunity towards these antigens in 5 patients (2 AML, 1 CML, 1 MDS, 1 MF) who had undergone allogeneic stem cell transplant. Using UNC-A17 and UNC-CK4 peptide loaded, fluorescently conjugated HLA-A0201 tetramers we identified UNC-CK4 specific T cells in 2 samples (0.22% and 0.39% of total CD8+ cells) and UNC-A17 specific T cells in 1 sample (0.64% of total CD8+ cells). Conclusion: Using this novel methodology we were able to identify 2 new leukemia associated antigens by directly examining the target cells for antigen expression and epitope processing. This direct methodology eliminated the need to generate a T cell clone or evaluate an entire peptide pool for evidence of immunogenicity, as the first step in antigen discovery. Refinement of our HPLC-MS techniques will enable us to sequence increasing numbers of peptide epitopes from the source cells. These technical improvements combined with the standard genomics and bioinformatics tools that are currently available will allow us to narrow our focus on the discovery of immunologically relevant tumor associated self antigens and minor histocompatibility antigens that have very narrow tissue expression and favorable HLA binding characteristics. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) was evaluated alone or with 25, 50, 75 or lolvo replacement by wheat (W) or barley (B) in l6Vo protein diets fed to 72 crossbred pigs from 20 to 60 kg liveweight. Pigs were randomly alloted two per pen, within sex, and housed in confinement on partially slatted concrete floors. Daily feed consumption (1.89-2.27 kg/day), average daily gain (0.664.7zkglday) and feed/gain (2.79-3.18) did not differ significantly (P<0.05) between treatments. At 5OVo replacement of the buckwheat (BW) more feed (P<0.05) was consumed (2.22 kg/day) than at 25 or lOIVo replacement levels (1.99 and 1.92 kg/day, respectively). More DE was consumed per kilogram of gain (DE/gain) (P<0.05) by wheat-fed pigs than by barley-fed pigs (40.0 vs. 38.2 MJ DE/kg, respectively). The 50% substitution of either grain (42.1 MJ/kg) resulted in more DE/gain (P<0.05) than observed on the BW only diet (37.1 MJ/kg). Two 4 x 4latin square designs, with eight pigs initially weighing 40 kg, were used for determination of digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and gross energy (GE) in BW, W or B individually and in blends of BW and either W or B. Coefficients of digestibility for CP were 72.7 Vo , 8l .6Vo and 65 .5Vo and for GE were 65 .4Vo , 80.2Vo and 7l.l%o in BW, W and B, respectively. Blends of BW and W had digestibility coefficients for DM, CP and GE between the values determined for the grains individually but those determined for mixtures of BW and B were lower than expected based on coefficients determined for the grains individually. Buckwheat used contained l27o CP, O.68Vo lysine, l2.3%o acid detergent fiber on as fed basis and 9.6Vo digestible protein and 11.98 MJ of DE per kilogram dry matter.


There are two critical aspects of the concept of fundamental particles (fp): (1) in the original '\rorking test" proposed, "separates" should demonstrate a single-crystal h*O pauem in TEM (1.e., coherent interlayers), and (2) if "separation'o of particles occurs, it should occur only along smectite-like interfaces, which are incoherent. Unfortunately, "separates" are, with rare exceptions, referred to as fp without any test, whereas data imply that some separates of smectite-rich clays (especially) give /rft0 SAED patterns reflecting a polycrystalline (nrrbostratically stacked) anay. More importantly, coherency across even smectite interlayers is commonly demoo.trut"d in original rocks by: (1) TEM lanice-fringe images with "cross-fringes", (2) euhedral crystals of VS, smectite, and illite, and (3) ubiquitous SAED patterns with discrete, but non-periodic ftftI reflections. Layer sequences of S' VS, and I have both incoherent and-coherent interfaces, the proportion of the former decreasing with increasing $ade; i.e.' they are neither entirely translationally periodic nor nrbostratically stacked. During separation+leava9emay occur along coherent interfaces in smectite (ikely) as well as illite, so that even where the working test for fp is valid, such crystallites may be only_portions of more extended *h"r"nt sequences as they occuned in original rocks. The term fp should therefore be used only where appropriate tests have been carried out. Even in those rare cases, such confirmation implies only a minimum measure of thickoiir*i tin separates) of coherent sequences in equivalent origrnal rocks. Because separation affects the thickness of crystallites, layer sequenies and coherency, separates reconstituted for XRD analysis may be inappropriate measures of relations in original r*t", ana therefore may lead to erroneous conclusions regarding genetic (crystal growth) relations. Before such features in sepzyates are used in any predictive fashion, it is therefore essential to determine the ways in which layer relations in original rocks are modified by di;afficulation and subsequent reconstitution for powder XRD analysis. Only where tests confirm consistency with the original definition of fp, and where the relation of such units has been verified as directly reflecting units in original r*k" as originally implied, should the term "firndamental particle" be used. These criteria have only rarely been met. The term "separate" confers, on the other hand, an unbiased, unadomed and accurate description of the state of samples prepared for XRD analysis. It should be used in most cases, at least until additional tests of sufficient numbers and kinds of samples have been


Objective
To investigate the correlation between heart development related genes paired-liked homeodomain transcription factor 2(PITX2) and interval defect congenital heart disease(CHD).

Methods
To target the investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) by means of dbSNPs data base of National Center of Biotechnology Information(NCBI) website and online bioinformatics software, SNPper.To compared SNPs using 30 interval defect CHD patients and 30 healthy children as control group.Venous blood were collected to detect PITX2 DNA sequencing, then new SNPs were explored.Statistic differences of alleles and genotype frequency distribution between case group and control group were analyzed sequentially.

Results
Two SNPs in PITX2 genes were rs1051887 and rs28936409, rs1051887: a substitution of cytosine for guanine at nucleotide 954, which suggested the conversion of glutamic acid into glutamine at amino acid residue 106; rs28936409: a substitution of cytosine for guanine at nucleotide 910, which suggested the conversion of arginine into proline at amino acid residue 91.The selected 2 SNPs in the case group and control group showed no polymorphism results.In this research, a new polymorphism 304C>G(Glu102Gln)in PITX2 gene was first identified.Frequencies of CG genetype in case group were higher than control group(χ2=8.531, P<0.05), and similar results were found in allelic frequencies(χ2=6.508, P<0.05). Accordingly, CG genetype increased the risk of interval defect CHD(CG genetype OR=2.833, 95%CI: 1.297-6.188). Moreover, data showed there was no significant difference in the genotype distribution of SNPs between the case group and control group via Hardy-Weinberg Testing(P<0.05).

Conclusions
A new SNP 304C>G(Glu102Gln) was found and the CG genetype of the new SNP(304C>G) may increase the risk of interval defect CHD.

Key words:
Congenital heart disease; Paired-liked homeodomain transcription factor 2 gene; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Allelic gene; Genotype frequency


When a mixture of 4-halo- or 4-methoxy-phenol and excess of t-butyl chloride in the presence of neutral catalyst such as silica or lithium perchlorate or lithium bromide was refluxed, 2,5-and 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-halo or 4-methoxy phenols were obtained in good yields.


Navigational software often lacks official standardisation of the methods used and their accuracy due to commercial confidentiality. The "black box solutions" used by navigational systems are unknown, thus a logical and simple method to solve navigational problems must be presented. This paper presents new meridian arc formulae by the least squares method. As the traditional meridian arc formulae cannot be expressed as a closed form, they are often truncated to the first few terms for practical use and in doing so neglect the values not used. By forming an overdetermined system with known components of the traditional meridian arc formula and actual length of the meridian arc, the least squares method can be used to approximate the best fitting coefficients for the traditional meridian arc formulae and forms the new compact formulae. The new formulae are based on highly accurate values of the meridian arc for the WGS-84 ellipsoid datum, and are perfect for the computational algorithms implemented in navigational software such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) and other Electronic Chart Systems (ECS). Their accuracy is compared with other methods and shows that the new proposed formulae are shorter and accurate with negligible errors. The new formulae can be adapted to the accuracy needed and imply different numbers of coefficients. This can also shorten the calculations in navigation such as rhumb-line or great elliptic sailing on the ellipsoid because the meridian arc length is essential for these calculations.


The kinetics of thermal reaction of photochemically generated [Mo(CNMOH)]4- in basic medium and [Mo(CN)6(CNH)H20f in acidic medium with 5-nitro-l , 10-phenanthroline [nitrophen] has been studied in buffer solutions of pH 4.2 - 10.6 and ionic strength 8.0 x 10. 2 M at 25 °C. The quantum yie ld for the formation of the photoproducts is found to depend upon the pH, ligand and [Mo(CN)g{ concentrations. The rate constants and quantum yield are smaller as compared to tho se of 1, 10phenanthroline due to electron withdrawing effect of nitro group in nitrophen, which makes the latter a weaker ligand. The pseudo first order rate constants and quantum yie ld values in acidic medium are higher than those in basic medium. The mechanism of the photochemical substitution is different in two media. [n acidic medium the reaction rate increases with increase in ligand concentration, while in basic medium, a variation in the ligand concentration does not lead to any marked change in the reaction rate . The reaction rate and the quantum yield are unaffected by the change in ionic strength.


Network quality of experience (QoE) metrics are proposed in order to capture the overall
performance of radio resource management (RRM) algorithms in terms of video quality perceived by the end
users. Metrics corresponding to average, geometric mean, and minimum QoE in the network are measured when
Max C/I, proportional fair, and Max-Min RRM algorithms are implemented in the network. The objective is to
ensure a fair QoE for all users in the network. In our study, we investigate both the uplink (UL) and downlink
(DL) directions, and we consider the use of distributed antenna systems (DASs) to enhance the performance. The
performance of the various RRM methods in terms of the proposed network QoE metrics is studied in scenarios
with and without DAS deployments. Results show that a combination of DAS and fair RRM algorithms can lead
to significant and fair QoE enhancements for all the users in the network.


The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between the size and shape of coal and petroleum macromolecules and their diffusion rates i.e., effective diffusivities, in catalyst pore structures. That is, how do the effective intrapore diffusivities depend on molecule configuration and pore geometry. This quarter we made a more comprehensive literature survey concerning configurational diffusion in porous catalysts or catalyst supports. A detailed literature review is reported. Also, a mathematical configurational diffusion model was developed. By using this model, the effective diffusivity for model compounds diffusing in porous media and a linear adsorption constant can be determined by fitting experimental data.


Through my thesis body of work "Other-ing," my goal is to create a three-dimensional Asian American perspective. As a result of Western standards implemented as the norm, where colonialism is still prevalent and white still reigns supreme, the media has created an onslaught of fictional Asian characters to control this group. Representations, tropes, stereotypes have long shaped the Asian American community, so much so that it is often easier to understand these one-dimensional depictions rather than the complex reality of how an Asian American defines themselves. Not shying away from implicating myself in this systematic structure of racism, I become both the oppressed and the oppressor, showcasing the complicated, multi-layered nature of being human, of being Asian American.


Conclusions and Recommendations.- I. Introduction.- 1. Terminology and definitions.- 2. Objectives of the workshop and the final document.- 3. Monitoring environmental materials.- 4. Specimen banking.- II. Selection of Pollutants and Pollutant Categories of Interest for Monitoring Environmental Materials.- III. Selection of Environmental Materials Related to Ecosystems and Pollutants or Pollutant Categories.- 1. General aspects.- 2. Review of past and current programmes.- 2.1. Terrestrial ecosystem.- 2.2. Aquatic ecosystem.- 3. Criteria for the selection of ecosystem compartments and processes.- 3.1. Active and passive monitoring and specimen banking.- 3.2. Terrestrial ecosystem.- 3.2.1. The ecosystem framework.- 3.2.2. Specific criteria for the selection of environmental materials related to terrestrial ecosystems.- 3.2.3. Selection of environmental materials and specimens related to terrestrial ecosystems and pollutants or pollutant categories.- 22.214.171.124. Soils.- 22.214.171.124. Plants.- 188.8.131.52. Invertebrate animals.- 188.8.131.52. Vertebrate animals.- 3.3. Aquatic ecosystems.- IV. Technical Considerations.- 1. General remarks.- 2. Collection, collection equipment, sample preparation and transportation.- 3. Container materials.- 4. Storage methods.- 5. Conclusions and recommendations.- V. Analytical Aspects.- 1. Analytical methods.- 1.1. Methods for toxic elements.- 1.2. Analytical aspects of organo-halogenated compounds.- 1.3. Other organic compounds.- 2. Profile and fingerprint methods.- 3. Partly of fully automatized analysis.- 4. Standardisation and quality control.- VI. Programme Design and Organizational Aspects.- 1. Goal and objectives.- 2. Statistical and biomathematical requirements.- 3. General guidelines.- 4. Recommendations for further research.- VII. Cost Estimation.- 1. Monitoring environmental materials.- 2. Specimen banking.- 3. Conclusions.- VIII. Ethical and Legal Considerations.- Annex I.- Abstracts of working papers.- Annex II.- Working papers submitted for the Workshop.- Monitoring inorganic pollutants in domestic and farm animals.- Monitoring environmental materials and specimen banking using terrestrial insects with particular reference to inorganic substances and pesticides.- Use of oysters and related molluscs as biological monitors of synthetic organic pollutants.- Specimen banking marine organisms.- Advantage and problems of usung wild-living animals as indicators for environmental pollution.- Naturally occuring steroids and synthetic hormones as sensitive monitoring compounds for the suitability of pretreatment procedures in specimen banking and for the long-term stability of stored biological samples.- Container materials for the preservation of trace substances in environmental specimens.- Monitoring of plants and soil for analysis of possible hazardous contaminants and banking of these environmental specimens.- Non-halogenated organic compounds in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.- Organic and inorganic compounds - analytical aspects.- Use of macroalgae as a reference material for pollutant monitoring and specimen banking.- A comparative analysis among responses to acute toxicity in standard laboratory bioassays and in natural streams.- Specimen bank research at the National Bureau of Standards to insure proper scientific protocols for the sampling, storage and analysis of environmental materials.- Monitoring environmental materials and specimen banking - state-of-the-art of Japanese experience and knowledge.- Organo-halogenated compounds in aquatic ecosystems.- Statement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.- Organo-halogenated compounds in farm and domestic animals.- Monitoring environmental materials and specimen banking for organohalogenated compounds in aquatic ecosystems.- Experiences in monitoring and banking human biological specimen.- Organohalogenated compounds in plants and soil.- Terrestrial vertebrate animals as biological monitors of pollution.- The mussel watch biological monitoring research program.- Collection, storage and analysis of freshwater fish for monitoring environmental contaminants.- State-of-the-art of biological specimen banking in the Federal Republic of Germany.- Ecological action of mercury by-products on different animal tissues.- Organo-halogenated compounds in terrestrial wildlife.- Basic ecological concepts and urban ecological systems.- Considerations applicable to the monitoring of organohalogenated compounds in terrestrial wildlife, especially birds.- The role of deep-sea organisms in monitoring environmental xenobiotics.- The grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) as a marine bioindicator.- Archiving wildlife specimens for future analysis.- Trace metals in living marine resources taken from north atlantic waters.- Some U.S. legal concerns in obtaining, archiving, and using non-human tissue samples.- Pollution effects in freshwater communities.- The use of fishes in the monitoring environmental materials and specimen banking.- Monitoring serial inorganic pollutants by plant indicator specimens.- Choice of species, sampling and sample pretreatment for subsequent analysis and banking of marine organisms useful for Hg, Pb and Cd monitoring.- Specimen banking of food samples for long term monitoring of nutrient trace elements.- Annex III.- List of contributors and participants.


Traditionally the Type A Behavior Pattern construct (TABP) has been considered as a risk factor for coronary diseases. In spite of the large number of studies which have demonstrated its effectiveness, in recent years contradictory data as to its proper predictive capacity have appeared. It is currently considered that the TABP components must exert a different sort of influence, as risk factors, in coronary diseases. Diverse studies have related the TABP with other psychological variables; for example, attributive style, extroversion-introversion, type of situation, self-perfectionism, etc. In the present descriptive transversal study, the TABP was evaluated with Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE). A sample of 152 healthy subjects (76 men and 76 women) was used. The results indicate that the TABP is not entirely related to FNE. However, analyses by components do show significant relationships, and differences are found between men and women, as well. In male subjects, we find negative relationships between FNE and the competitiveness variable, and positive relationships between FNE and the variables for excessive workload, impatience and hostility. In female subjects, there are positive relationships between FNE and impatience and hostility.


The lip-smack is a communicative sound object that has received very little research attention, with most work
 examining their occurrence in nonhuman primate interaction. The current paper aims to dissect the social potential of lip-smacks
 in human interaction. The analysis examines a corpus of 391 lip-smack particles produced by English-speaking parents while feeding
 their infants. A multimodal interaction analysis details the main features: (1) rhythmical production in a series, (2)
 facial-embodied aspects, and (3) temporal organisation. Lip-smacks occurred in prosodically grouped chains of mostly 3 or 5
 particles, with accompanying facial expressions, and were co-ordinated with the infants' chewing. They highlight the mechanics of
 chewing while framing eating as a pleasant interactional event.
 The paper contributes not only to the distinctly social functions of a sound object hitherto ignored in
 linguistics but also to research on interactional exchanges in early childhood and their potential connection to the sociality of
 nonhuman primates.


Objective: To investigate the effects of sericine on interferon-γ(IFN-γ) expression in spleen of type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.Methods: The type 2 diabetes mellitus rats model was established by continuous peritoneal injection of small dose streptozotocin, and then the model rats were lavaged with sericine. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of IFN-γ mRNA in spleen. Results:Compared with rats in normal control group, the IFN-γ expression in spleen of rats in model group obviously increased(P 0.01). While, the IFN-γ expression in spleen of rats in sericine treatment group and sericine prevention group were obviously lower than that of rats in model group(P 0.01).Conclusions:Sericine can regulate the immune function of type 2 diabetes mellitus rats by down regulating the IFN-γ expression in spleen.


The invention discloses a 3D endoscope breast augmentation technique. The technique includes: combining a 3D endoscope system with a U-shaped or L-shaped endoscope holding device, inserting a 3D endoscope below a mammary gland or a pectoral major muscle through an axillary approach, connecting a camera with the 3D endoscope, and arranging two CCD (charge coupled device) image sensors at the front end of the endoscope of the 3D endoscope system to capture images for right and left eyes respectively; using a special device to process the images to form a 3D image; displaying the 3D image formed on a 3D displayer, and observing through 3D glasses to realize three-dimensional image observation of a doctor. The 3D endoscope breast augmentation technique has the advantages that the endoscope system with the 3D camera is adopted for breast augmentation, so that conventional breast augmentation under blind sight is changed into breast augmentation under direct sight or breast augmentation under a 2D visual field is changed into breast augmentation under a 3D visual field, operative field during operation is wider, sense is more three-dimensional, and accuracy and safety of operation are improved; the operation process is as plain as daylight, so that extra damage is avoided.


Low-noise technology at microwaves has been traditionally motivated by RADAR, terrestrial communication, and radio astronomy applications. In recent years satellite communications and remote sensing have placed added importance on low-noise reception.


Diabetes is global pandemic disease, a metabolic disorder of multiple etiology that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is initiated by the accumulation of dental plaque biofilm, within which microbial dysbiosis leads to a chronic, non-resolving and destructive inflammatory response. In the last decades, many studies investigated the impact of periodontal treatment on glycemic control in people with diabetes. The aim of this dissertation is to conduct a review of the published literature to understand the association between periodontal therapy and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values. A search was conducted in PUBMED and of the 277 articles found, only 21 were considered for being more relevant. As has been recognized for some time, the results show a correlation between the two diseases and their link lies in the inflammatory process. In the diabetic patient, this results in higher HbA1c values and a situation that is difficult to control. Being able to control the inflammatory state of the periodontium through oral hygiene protocols and periodontal therapy has several benefits in a complicated clinical picture in situations of poor glycemic control. Non-surgical periodontal therapy proves effective in significantly lowering HbA1c levels in diabetic patients.


A quickly-installed high flow emergency water supply system is introduced,with the structure and performance of the system analyzed.The quickly-installed high flow emergency water supply system makes up for some certain weak points existing in traditional forest fire extinguishing methods and features fast installation,high flow and no distance restriction.The system can be rapidly installed and transport water to the fire spot ceaselessly when forest fire happens.


Article history: Received: 02/04/2020 Revised: 10/04/2020 Accepted: 01/05/2020 Mobile learning is a form of reconstruction effort for past learning models to digital. Easy access and excellent performance is one aspect of mobile learning support is acceptable and running smoothly. The ruang guru application used as an object in this research was chosen based on the review of the best mobile learning app version of Playstore Indonesia with a download of ± 10 million. Usability is one of the essential aspects to note in the development of an application so that the developed application has a good experience from the user. User Experience Questionnaire focuses on the aspect of user satisfaction measured using Quisioner with the standard Don Foundation. The measurements carried out in this study used 100 active users of the ruang guru application, using the Quisioner that was disseminated randomly in the school stay. The results of measurements that have done resulted in an effectiveness score of 59.38, an efficiency of 65.36, and a satisfaction score of 62.52.


The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were assayed in external model by seven species of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat for the first time and compared with acarbose as positive control.The results showed that the inhibitory percentage of fifteen in all twenty-one extractions were higher than that of acarbose (55.63%),during the primary screening.The inhibitory activities of fourteen extractions were higher than acarbose (IC50=1 081.27 mg/L).The petroleum ether extract of Baiyudai had the highest inhibitor activity (IC50=92.43 mg/L),followed by the ethyl acetate extract of Lengyan (IC50=164.99 mg/L) and the petroleum ether of Chunrijianshan (IC50=272.64 mg/L).The novelty of this work has been confirmed in the research report of Technology Novelty No.CX2008006 provided by Library of Henan University on August 17,2008


For more than 100 years, non-landed and non-Establishment interests in rural England were represented by a succession of three quasi-independent government bodies (quangos). These were the Development/Rural Development Commissions, the Countryside Agency, and the Commission for Rural Communities (CRC). Their roles embraced, to varying degrees, policy, practice, and advocacy. In 2013 the British government closed the CRC and absorbed aspects of its responsibilities into the civil service. The implications of this decision for the disadvantaged people and places of rural England are explored. The potential for land-related interest groups and traditional elites to increase their influence as a consequence, is considered. First, by way of context, the histories of the three quangos and the main interest groups are described. The views of the latter – and others with related interests - were sought (unsuccessfully), together with the opinions of people involved in one or more of the quangos, and, or, the civil service successor unit. These are presented and discussed. Conclusions relating to consequential 'gaps' in independent policy and research are drawn. The aim is to stimulate discussion about the implications for rural England of closing the CRC, for it is possible that the loss of this small organization may have unexpected long-term consequences. The eventual significance of this decision has yet to be determined.


As the designed feature size of integrated circuits (ICs) continues to shrink, the lithographic printability of the design has become one of the important issues in IC design and manufacturing. There are patterns that cause lithography hotspots in the IC layout. Hotspot detection affects the turn-around time and the yield of IC manufacturing. The precision and F1 score of available machine-learning-based hotspot-detection methods are still insufficient. In this paper, a lithography hotspot detection method based on transfer learning using pre-trained deep convolutional neural network is proposed. The proposed method uses the VGG13 network trained with the ImageNet dataset as the pre-trained model. In order to obtain a model suitable for hotspot detection, the pre-trained model is trained with some down-sampled layout pattern data and takes cross entropy as the loss function. ICCAD 2012 benchmark suite is used for model training and model verification. The proposed method performs well in accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score. There is significant improvement in the precision and F1 score. The results show that updating the weights of partial convolutional layers has little effect on the results of this method.


The structure of the title compound, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid monohydrate, C4H6O6·H2O, (I), was first determined (to R = 0.22) and reported by Parry [Acta Cryst. (1951), 4, 131–138]. We present here a redetermination with significantly improved accuracy. In the centrosymmetric crystals (space group P\overline 1, Z = 2), the enantiomeric molecules with both d- and l-configurations co-exist. An extensive intermolecular hydrogen-bond system involves hydrogen bonds formed by carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the tartaric acid molecule, as well as the crystalline water molecule.


Indonesia is full of diversity, either ethnic, religious, culture, custom, racial, territorial, and so on. In having a common perception onIndonesian diversityas a nation, multicultural education has become a necessity. Incorporating multicultural education into the curriculum is very urgent, at least by incorporating it with other relevant subjects, such as Civics, History, and Religion. Multicultural education is a response to the growing diversity of school populations, as well as the demands of equal rights for every citizen. Another dimension, multicultural education is the development of curricula and educational activities to tap into the views, history, achievements and concerns of non-Europeans. Multicultural education encompasses all learners regardless of group, such as: gender, ethnic, racial, cultural, social, territorial, and religious strata, which has become a demand and necessity in building a new Indonesia. However, multicultural education requires an in-depth study of the concepts and praxis of its implementation, even to the present the concept of multicultural education has not been studied seriously in education. However, when judicially judged, Act Act no. 20/2003 on the National Education System has provided an opportunity to elaborate further on the concept of multicultural education, particularly in Article 4 paragraph (1) which regulates the implementation of education which takes into consideration the diverse cultural values of society.


An issue on novel applications of materials doped with rare-earth (RE) ions can scarcely fail to address lasers, but it need not address all RE-based lasers. Some Nd 3+ -doped lasers, particularly Nd:YAG (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 , yttrium aluminum garnet), emitting light with a wavelength of 1064 nm, are very well-established commercial products—by no means novelties.1 Some other near-infrared (NIR) lasers, based on Er 3+ or Tm 3+ , are also available commercially. That wavelength region is relatively easy for RE laser ions, involving energy spacings between initial and final energy levels small enough to give large stimulated emission cross sections for useful, long upper-state life-times, yet large enough to minimize thermal deexcitation mechanisms. On the other hand, RE-doped lasers for ultraviolet (UV) and visible wavelengths are quite novel, since efficient laser operation is more difficult to achieve in these spectral ranges. Intriguing progress on such devices has been made in recent years, driven by several important applications. In this article, we begin by noting some of the alternative ways to obtain laser light at these wavelengths, including their advantages and drawbacks. We then discuss basic properties of RE-doped laser materials and how these can be advantageous. We then review a few of the most important and recent RE-doped laser materials and techniques for obtaining UV and visible output.


Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a key role in generating employment, promoting innovation, engendering competition, and creating economic wealth (Sengenberger, Loveman, and Priore 1990). The long tradition of promoting small-scale enterprise in India is being re-examined in light of its success in creating a sector with the potential of performing all the above roles. In a study of the pre-1990s period, Sandesara (1988) concludes that small firms experienced a decline relative to large-scale industries in terms of five important parameters - number of factories, fixed capital, number of employees, output, and value added. In the post-liberalization era, this issue has assumed renewed importance. The small-scale sector in India has now been identified by the government as one that can assist in generating additional employment, indigenizing technology, and leveraging cheap labor and flexibility of operations to create competitive advantage for Indian industry. As a result, the government recently raised the asset size limit used to define small firms for government aid eligibility to include what had been defined as the medium-size sector. Thus small firms can now openly pursue a growth objective without running the risk of losing their small firm status and all the accompanying promotional subsidies. In an investigation into the reasons why some SMEs grow and others don't, Hay concludes that "over the long term it is internal rather than external barriers to growth that exert the decisive influence upon SMEs' rate of growth. The key internal growth constraint is managerial capacity and the unwillingness on the part of owner-managers to incur the risks associated with growth" (1994, p. 288) In a study that draws lessons for India's SMEs on the basis of inter-country case study comparisons, Nanjundan (1994) observes that the size of enterprises does not crucially determine business performance measured either in economic or social terms. Instead, business performance depends decisively on organization structure and public and private policies which influence development. Research Objective Growing small firms need to be freed from both internal and external policy constraints to growth. To formulate more directed policy packages for growth promotion, we need to design a framework that can discriminate between differing levels of growth orientation and internal capacity for growth in individual firms within the small-scale sector and to identify the growth stage of the firm. The present article tries to assess the growth orientation of a sample of small-scale Indian firms located in a common industrial cluster. These firms belong to the automobile ancillary sector, a recognized "sunrise" industry in post-reform India. This will enable us to differentiate between the management practices followed by small and medium-size enterprises in this industry on the basis of the growth stage of the firm. Survey of Literature Growth Stage Identification Attempts at systematic categorization of the problems and growth patterns of firms have used business size as one dimension and maturity or growth stage as another. Gibrats's Law (firm growth is independent of firm size) has been found to hold in the limit only for mature firms or for firms that entered the industry at the same time (Jovanovich 1982). Churchill and Lewis (1983) observe that these general models are inappropriate for small businesses. Thus, researchers have proposed alternative frameworks to understand the nature, characteristics, and problems of a diverse variety of small-scale firms. Patel (1995) suggests an approach based on identifying the dominant crisis type for analyzing growth stages in small-scale units. His framework matches the dominant management problems of the firm to its years of existence. In this model, a start-up crisis and a cash crisis are experienced in the first three years; delegation and leadership crises arise in three to seven years; finance and prosperity crises appear in seven to ten years; and management-succession crises can be expected at ten years onwards. …


ABSTRACT This paper uses panel analyses to estimate relationships for agricultural planted area and beef cattle numbers at the state level in Mexico during the period 1970–85, in order to determine the main factors affecting forest land conversion. Of the key policy variables, maize and fertilizer prices appear to be the main influences on the expansion of planted area, whereas beef prices and credit disbursement influence cattle numbers. Population growth also affects both livestock and agricultural activities, and income per capita is positively correlated with cattle expansion. These estimated relationships are used to examine the effects both of agricultural and livestock sectoral policy changes and of trade liberalization in Mexico resulting from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). To avoid any unintended impacts of NAFTA on deforestation, it may be necessary for Mexico to make complementary investments in land improvements, especially for existing cultivation on rainfed land.


The invention discloses a mango fungus tea drink. The preparation method of the mango fungus tea drink specifically comprises the following steps: preparing mango juice by taking mangoes as main raw materials; and by taking the mango juice as a culture medium and tea fungus as a fungus source, thereby preparing a novel special mango fungus tea drink. According to the embodiment of the invention, the mangoes and tea fungus are organically combined, and the combined nutrient substances are enriched; the mangoes and tea fungus have obvious healthcare effects on diseases of a human body, and after the mangoes and tea fungus are combined into a whole, the effects supplement each other, and the formed tea drink is manifested in healthcare effect. The comprehensive effects of the mango fungus tea drink far surpass the effects of various foods and the traditional tea fungus drink prepared from pure mangoes. Meanwhile, the prepared tea fungus drink product is ideal in form, well remains the original nutritional and functional ingredients of the mangoes, is easily digested and absorbed, is sweet and sour in taste, good in palatability and extremely wide in application crowds, is a dual-function ecological healthy drink with the drink effects and medical effects and has excellent market prospects.


Like so many of the audience, Helen Stone is attending the production of Michel Tremblay's Hosanna at Toronto's Théâtre du P'tit Bonheur for professional reasons: she works in French Services in the provincial government and needs to maintain her French. Hosanna's process of self-exposure and self-discovery, culminating in his powerful nude scene with his lover, Cuirette, leaves her squirming. But she has no choice: if she wants to go to French theatre, this is the only game in town. Miles from Toronto, a typical spectator at a production by Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario yields a very different profile. TNO's Sudbury audience consists largely of members of the community that this theatre has carefully nurtured over the years-retirees, students, unemployed francophones, and their friends and families-all living in the moulin-à-fleur district. Currently these two theatres define the opposite extremes of the Franco-Ontarian theatre community. Contrasting and comparing them, an overview of the issues and opportunities within this community begins to emerge.


Intraventricular reentry has been prooved by pre-operative electrophysiological studies in two patients without coronary artery disease and resistant ventricular tachycardia. A simple ventriculotomy oriented by epicardial mapping during tachycardia was successfull with a background of 9 and 14 months respectively. In addition, delayed epicardial potentials put into evidence an intraventricular reentry in human myocardium. This new method holds promises for the treatment of some resistant ventricular tachycardia.


Performance of various holographic techniques can be essentially improved by homogenizing the intensity profile of the laser beam with using beam shaping optics, for example, the achromatic field mapping refractive beam shapers like πShaper. The operational principle of these devices presumes transformation of laser beam intensity from Gaussian to flattop one with high flatness of output wavefront, saving of beam consistency, providing collimated output beam of low divergence, high transmittance, extended depth of field, negligible residual wave aberration, and achromatic design provides capability to work with several laser sources with different wavelengths simultaneously. Applying of these beam shapers brings serious benefits to the Spatial Light Modulator based techniques like Computer Generated Holography or Dot-Matrix mastering of security holograms since uniform illumination of an SLM allows simplifying mathematical calculations and increasing predictability and reliability of the imaging results. Another example is multicolour Denisyuk holography when the achromatic πShaper provides uniform illumination of a field at various wavelengths simultaneously. This paper will describe some design basics of the field mapping refractive beam shapers and optical layouts of their applying in holographic systems. Examples of real implementations and experimental results will be presented as well.


Putting forward "The third space",pointed out a feasible direction to build the University Library.This paper made a tentative discussion from the third space of "The third space",the necessity of building "The third space" model University library and the construction content of building "The third space" model University library.


Focusing on the job role of supporting consumer client-computers running Windows Vista, this official study guide covers topics such as installing and configuring Windows Vista; managing parental controls and browser security; removing malware; configuring file sharing, printers, and media devices; and, troubleshooting and repairing Windows Vista. Then assess yourself by using 375+ practice and review questions on the CD. Choose timed or untimed testing mode, generate random tests, or focus on discrete objectives. You get detailed explanations for right and wrong answersincluding pointers back to the book for further study. You also get an evaluation version of Windows Vista software and an exam discount vouchermaking this kit an exceptional value and a great career investment.


In this work we define the new concept of monotone pointwise contraction mappings in Banach and metric spaces. Then we prove the existence of fixed points of such mappings. MSC: Primary 47H09; secondary 46B20; 47H10; 47E10


We measured the fluorescence decays of seven different amino-coumarin dyes in polymer films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(styrene) (PS), and ethylene-butene rubber (EBR); as well as in the small molecule analogs ethyl acetate and toluene. Many of the dye-solvent and dye-polymer combinations exhibited single exponential decays with lifetimes ranging from 2.3 to 3.9 ns. Small deviations from single exponential behavior occurred for most of the dyes in EBR. Significant deviations from single exponential behavior occurred for 7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3-carboxylic acid (coumarin-3) in ethyl acetate and in all polymer matrices and 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-11-oxo-1H,5H,11H-[1]benzopyrano[6,7,8-ij]quinolizin-10-carboxylic acid (coumarin-343) in all of the polymer matrices. Time-resolved fluorescence spectra indicated the presence of two different excited states for coumarin-3 and coumarin-343 in PMMA; these spectra were qualitatively different from the time-resolved spectra of coumarin-3 in ethyl acetate. We rationalize these results in terms of the chemical functionalities of the various dyes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2333–2343, 2007


This work of research and development seeks to present a proposal of digital mediation for direct public participation during electoral periods. The proposal includes a conceptual and functional model and the corresponding proof of concept –a web application named iLeger. In summary, this application supports collaborative interactions such as questions, answers, suggestions, ratings, comments and live debates, and was specifically designed to gather, in a single neutral deliberative and regulated space, the main stakeholders in an electoral campaign, fostering multidirectional communication (synchronous and asynchronous) and sharing between them. This chapter also includes the results obtained from the use of the iLeger platform in the electoral campaign for the Portuguese Parliamentary and Local Elections held in 2009, the 2010 election of the Head of the Portuguese Medical Association and the Presidential and Parliamentary Elections held in 2011 in Portugal. The developing effort was conducted taking into account an Agile strategy which is briefly reported in the development process. Artur Afonso Sousa Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal Pedro Agante Libertrium, Portugal Luís Borges Gouveia University Fernando Pessoa, Portugal DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-5970-4.ch004


Due to issues of aerodynamic ablation, complicated mechanical environment and serious nonlinear dynamics, the control system is difficult to achieve high accuracy. For nonlinear dynamics of moving mass control reentry vehicle, a design method based on sliding mode for pitch-yaw channel attitude control is proposed, which improves control accuracy and anti-disturbance capability. According to a reentry vehicle attitude control system, the pitch-yaw channel dynamic model of the nonlinear system is firstly given. Secondly, designed by using backstepping theory, a sliding mode controller with approach law is proposed. Besides, in order to reduce chattering of sliding mode control, an improved sliding mode controller is presented, in which relay characteristics is replaced with continuous functions. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the validity and feasibility.


Again and again, when faced with a concept or phenomenon that I try to understand more deeply, I find myself asking: how does it feel? What does it do? Where does it dwell? Such contemplations may relate to both everyday life and professional contexts. As a dance educator and scholar, I feel at home with knowledge creation through bodily sensations and felt experiences, acknowledging that such an approach is by no means only available to dancers.


Professors Asch and Bell argue that Aboriginal title litigation presents a unique set of evidentiary problems both for Aboriginal plaintiffs and the courts. The elements of proof of title are themselves imbued with an ethnocentrism which serves to ignore Aboriginal systems of land ownership and property transfer. Furthermore, the common law and statutory rules of evidence are at odds with Aboriginal oral historical traditions. The result is the rejection of much of the evidence adduced by plaintiffs in support of title, as illustrated by the decision in Delgamuukw. Our courts, they argue, will be appropriate fora for the just resolution ofAboriginal title claims only when the ethnocentric bent of Canadian law is acknowledged, and then replaced by an approach to fact-finding which starts from a premise of equality. I have heard much at this trial about beliefs, feelings and justice. I must again say, as I endeavoured to say during the trial, that courts of law are frequently unable to respond to these subjective considerations.... Instead, cases must be decided on admissible evidence, according to law. The plaintiffs carry the burden of proving by a balance of probabilities not what they believe, although that is sometimes a relevant consideration, but rather facts which permit the application of the legal principles which they assert. The court is not free to do whatever it wishes. Judges, like everyone else, must follow the law as they understand it. What follows, therefore, is my best effort to determine whether the plaintiffs have proven, by a preponderance of admissible evidence, the facts which they have alleged in their pleadings, and whether such facts establish legal rights which are recognized by the law of this province.


LEDs have become increasingly important in recent years because of the advantages they have over traditional lighting methods (e.g., faster response times, smaller size, longer lifetimes, and higher luminous efficiency).1–4 To date, a number of approaches have been taken with the aim of enhancing the luminous efficiency of these devices. Such methods include the use of patterned substrates, patterned polydimethylsiloxane, air voids, and the incorporation of scattering particles as dopants.3, 5–8 To determine the characteristics of white LEDs, many crucial factors—such as the luminous efficiency, color rendering index, and correlated color temperature (CCT)—must be considered. Color uniformity represents another important parameter in the fabrication of white LEDs. LEDs with a remote structure (i.e., those in which the phosphor is placed at a distance from the LED chip) have excellent luminous efficiency because the probability of blue-photon absorption is increased. However, these devices exhibit worse color uniformity than typical devices (i.e., dispensing and conformal LEDs). This is because of the elevated location of the phosphor layer, which causes the angular dependence of the emitted blue and yellow photons to be very different and gives rise to a phenomenon called 'yellow ring.' In the yellow ring phenomenon, a band of yellow is visible around the circumference of the emitted light. Many investigations are currently underway to try and find a way to overcome this issue.9–14 Distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs)—1D photonic crystal structures composed of alternating dielectric layers with different refractive indices that enable high reflectivity15—show promise for overcoming this issue in remote-phosphor LEDs. Furthermore, the design of DBRs is versatile and, by changing the thickness of dielectric layers, a suitable stop-band (i.e., range of reflected wavelengths) can be achieved.16 Figure 1. (a) Cross section of the remote-LED structure coated with a thin-film distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). The phosphor material is yttrium aluminum garnet. (b) Experimental optical reflectance spectra for 2.5-, 3.5-, and 5.5-pair hafnium oxide/silicon dioxide DBRs.


Aims: Efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp; MDR1/ABCB1) protect the enterocytes from potentially toxic substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate Pgp expression in inflamed mucosa of patients with active Ulcerative Colitis (UC), and to compare the results of Pgp expression with healthy subjects. We also explored the relationship between Pgp expression and the pathogenesis of UC in this study. Methods: Pgp expression was determined with real-time PCR (SYBR GREEN), immunohistochemistry (IHC-SP method) and Western blot in inflamed mucosa of newly diagnosed (n = 102) patients with UC. Expression levels of Pgp expression were compared with control subjects (n = 31). The serum endotoxin and D-lactic acid levels of newly diagnosed UC patients and control subjects were detected by ELISA and ultraviolet spectrophotometer respectively. Results: Compared with control subjects, Pgp expression was significantly reduced in inflamed mucosa of newly diagnosed patients with UC. MDR1 (Multi-Drug Resistance 1) expression depicts a similar pattern. Pgp expression was found elevated in intestinal mucosa of UC patients after two months' treatment with prednisone. The serum endotoxin and D-lactic acid levels in UC patients before and after prednisone treatment were negatively relevant with Pgp expression level. Conclusions: Compared with healthy controls, the expression of Pgp was reduced in inflamed tissue of patients with active UC. The Pgp may play a role in the pathogenesis of UC.


The paper is devoted to the peculiarities of the artistic perception of the world in short prose – stories and "crowns" of the Russian-speaking Ukrainian writer, laureate of literary awards Ivan Stepanovych Maslov, whose life and destiny were associated with Kharkiv Region. Selected works by I.S. Maslov have repeatedly become the object of study of Ukrainian literary scholars. However, the peculiarities of the artistic perception of the world in the stories and "crowns" by I.S. Maslov were not the subject of special research. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to analyze the little-known stories by I.S. Maslov and his "crowns", a study of their artistic features. The research methods are biographical, cultural-historical, comparative-historical, and historical-genetic ones. We found that I.S. Maslov felt the need to master the semantic space of the image, words that intensify the contradiction of the style of his works, in which philosophicity, metaphoricalness, psychologism, symbolism, and vernaculars merged, which intensely colour both the language of the heroes and the author's language. In his works, the writer refers to the themes of love, death, war and post-war life, to the present "corrupt time", which run through the entire creative path of the innate storyteller. The works of I.S. Maslov are sharply polemical, his style is mainly autobiographical, his memories of the war and post-war life of himself and his family – a source of eternal values, as well as the concept of "purity" in his stories and "crowns". The short prose by I.S. Maslov allows feeling the flow of time, which determines the fate of a person. The study is focused on revealing the tragic processes of restructuring both the fundamental old way of life and the breakdown of social relations between peasants and collective farmers, on the past of Perestroika, echoes of a turning point, signs of the times, gaining independence of Ukraine, the life of its people, their desires and expectations. I.S. Maslov finds unique values in the everyday life of nature and people, creates poetic descriptions of Slobozhanshchyna and its people. He notes the slightest changes in the natural cycle and the life of peasants, applies a special approach to revealing the theme of the relationship between man and nature, emphasizes the relationship of man with the whole world, and reveals the essence of human existence through a poetic image of nature. Keywords : Ivan Stepanovych Maslov; short prose; stories; "crowns"; attitude.


The middle Grandise in Tibet is the important component of the Gangdese metallogenic belt in the Qinghai-Tibet Platean,which was studied geologically in obviously lower degree than the southeastern Gangdese.Influenced from both the southward subduction of Bang Co-Nujiang Tethyan Ocena crust and northward subduction of Yarlung Zangbo neo-Tethyan Ocean, Meso-Cenozoic magmnatic activities extremely favourable mineralizing conditions and great potentials of mineral resources.Prospecting and Metallogenic Regularities of Iron and Copper is analyzed by using the Metallogenic Series.On the bases of the features of deposits(ore occurrences)found newly and the space-time distribution of various types of mineralization in the middle Gangdese,five Ⅳ-level metallogenic subzones,i.e.Ⅰ-Dongcuo-Nima copper-antimony polymetallic metallogenic belt,Ⅱ-Jiangma-Wenbu iron copper metallogenic belt,Ⅲ-Daxiong-Jiagu copper iron metallogenic belt,Ⅳ-Ronggeer-Nixiong iron-copper ore occurrences and Ⅴ-Jiesacuo-Chazi copper polymetallic、Uranium thorium metallogenic belt can be divided;and twenty-twoⅤ-level prospects was redivided into.Two metallogenic series can be defined into,i.e.the metallogenic series of iron deposit involved in the intermediate-acid intrusive rock of Yanshan Period and the metallogenic series of copper polymetallic deposit associated with porphyry of Himalayan period;and six metallogenic sub-series have been preliminarily distinguished in the Middle Gangdese.


A variety of inferential tests are available for single and multilevel mediation but most come with notable limitations that balance tradeoffs between power and Type I error. We extend the partial posterior p value method (p3 method) to test multilevel mediation. This contemporary resampling‐based composite approach is specifically suited for complex null hypotheses. We develop the p3 method and investigate its performance within the context of two‐level cluster‐randomized multilevel mediation studies. Similar to its performance in single‐level studies, we found that the p3 method performed well relative to other mediation tests suggesting it provides a judicious balance between Type I error rate and power. While bias‐corrected bootstrapping achieved the best overall performance, the p3 method serves as an alternative tool for researchers investigating multilevel mediation that is especially useful when conducting a priori power analyses. To encourage utilization, we provide R code for implementing the p3 method.


The Castle, a collaboration between the School of Architecture & Design (UTAS) and
Youth Futures Inc (YF), assists youth at risk of homelessness by deploying micro-dwellings to
households experiencing spatial and emotional distress. The digital construction system has been
tailored specifically for low-skilled labour through reliable and predictable component jointing, a limited
palette of materials, minimal tooling and assembly instructions. A detailed interrogation of the
construction 'grammar' has resulted in the development of a software plugin that increases the
efficiency and reliability of the design, documentation and fabrication process. The plugin, called
'SuperSlob' (the term 'slob' derived from the slot and tab connection) has been developed by students
and staff at UTAS, in partnership with a software programming consultant. The brief for SuperSlob has prioritised 'accessibility' so the Castle construction system can progress
from limited 'customised production' toward mass customisation. SuperSlob integrates all stages of
design and documentation – from module and material parameters, to component configuration,
'router-ready' jointing, and file management. SuperSlob is currently being tested by students in two
'Learning by Making' studios: a 'Crisis Accommodation Bus', and 'Design Island'. Feedback from the
users of the plugin will contribute to the further development of SuperSlob.


Homogeneous charge compression ignition is a part-load combustion method, which can significantly reduce oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) emissions compared to current lean-burn spark ignition engines. The challenge with homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion is the high cyclic variation due to the lack of direct ignition control. A fully variable electromagnetic valve train provides the internal exhaust gas recirculation through negative valve overlap which is required to obtain the necessary thermal energy to enable homogeneous charge compression ignition. This also increases the cyclic coupling as residual gas and unburnt fuel is transferred between cycles through exhaust gas recirculation. To improve combustion stability, an experimentally validated feed-forward water injection controller is presented. Utilizing the low latency and rapid calculation rate of a field programmable gate array, a real-time calculation of residual fuel mass is implemented on a prototyping engine controller. Using this field programmable gate array–based calculation, it is possible to calculate the amount of fuel and the required control interaction during an engine cycle. This controller prevents early rapid combustion following a late combustion cycle using direct water injection to cool the cylinder charge and counter the additional thermal energy from any residual fuel that is transferred between cycles. By cooling the trapped cylinder mass, the upcoming combustion phasing can be delayed to the desired setpoint. The controller was tested at several operating points and showed an improvement in the combustion stability as shown by a reduction in the standard deviation of combustion phasing and indicated mean effective pressure.


T o come now to Dr Farnsworth's observations, on theoretical grounds, i t can be predicted that the effects of injected adrenaline and noradrenaline will not be potentiated by monoamine oxidase inhibitors. With noradrenaline, experiments have fulfilled this prediction,'" but experiments with adrenaline have had mixed results ; tranylcypromine moderately potentiates some actions of adrenaline3 whereas phenelzine does not.' Felypressin is not potentiated by monoamine oxidase inhibitors and results of experiments with isoprenaline have been variable. It can reasonably be concluded that noradrenaline and felypressin could be safely given to a patient receiving MA01 therapy and that adrenaline would not subject the patient to an extra risk provided they have healthy cardiovascular ~ y s t e m s . ~ In the present state of knowledge, it has been suggested that isoprenaline should be given to patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors only when its use is absolutely essential. I would not agree with Dr Farnsworth's statement 'to stop the drug before operation seems to be quite unnecessary advice.' Because of the possible combined hypotensive actions of the antidepressant drug and the anaesthetic agent used, and because of unpredictable adverse effects which can occur, it is usually s ~ g g e s t e d ~ ~ that elective operations be delayed for 2-3 weeks during which time the patient may be transferred to another type of antidepressant drug o r combination of drugs. If, however, the operation cannot be postponed and it is impossible to withdraw MA01 therapy then indirectly-acting sympathomimetics should be avoided and, as Dr Farnsworth mentions, test doses of narcotics may be given for postoperative analgesia or pain-relieving drugs may be confined to the simple analgesics. I would disagree with her last sentence, methylamphetamine is still used in some quarters (albeit rarely) whereas ephedrine is in widespread use and is in fact advocated by many as the vasopressor of choice because it possesses both direct and indirect actions. This subject does, however, stress the fact that it is essential that the anaesthetist has a complete knowledge of the drug therapy which the patient is receiving.


Among more than twenty species belonging to the class Mollecutes, Mycoplasma bovis is the most common cause of bovine mycoplasmosis in North America and Europe. Bovine mycoplasmosis causes significant economic loss in the cattle industry. The number of M. bovis positive herds has recently increased in North America and Europe. Since antibiotic treatment is ineffective and no efficient vaccine is available, M. bovis-induced mycoplasmosis is primarily controlled by herd management measures such as the restriction of moving infected animals out of the herds and culling of infected animals or shedders. To better understand the population structure and genomic factors that may contribute to its transmission, we sequenced 147 M. bovis strains isolated from four different countries and hosts, primarily cattle. We performed a large-scale comparative analysis of M. bovis genomes by integrating 104 publicly available genomes and our dataset (251 total genomes). A whole genome-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogeny revealed that M. bovis population structure is composed of five clades with one of the isolates clustering with the outgroup M. agalactiae. These isolates were found to cluster with those from Canada, Israel, Lithuania, and Switzerland, suggesting trans-continental transmission of the strains. We also validated a previous report suggesting minimum divergence in isolates of Australian origin, which grouped within a single clade along with strains from China and Israel. However, no observable pattern of host association in M. bovis genomes was found in this study. Our comparative genome analysis also revealed that M. bovis has an open pangenome with a large breadth of unexplored diversity of genes. Analysis of vsp gene-host association revealed a single vsp significantly associated with bovine isolates that may be targeted for diagnostics or vaccine development. Our study also found that M. bovis genome harbors a large number of IS elements, including a novel 1624 bp IS element, and ISMbov9. Collectively, the genome data and the whole genome-based population analysis in this study may help to develop control measures to reduce the incidence of M. bovis-induced mycoplasmosis in cattle and/or to identify candidate genes for vaccine development.


Malnutrition is defined as a lack of proper nutrition. The vast majority of the world"s hungry people live in developing countries, where 12.9 percent of the population are undernourished. It is prevalent in children particularly those in developing countries where one person out every four there is undernourished [1]. Mortality is related to the severity of the malnutrition [2]. In Somalia, child malnutrition remains a major health problem where the proportion of under-five children who were underweight in 2013 was 40% and 21% in rural and urban areas respectively [3]. The purpose of this study was to investigate determinants of malnutrition among children under five years in SOS Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study comprised of a cross-sectional hospital survey. The study population constituted children who were diagnosed as malnutrition cases at SOS Hospital in Mogadishu.  The probability systematic random sampling technique was used and the sample size was constitute 384 malnutrition patients. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS software to describe and identify significant associations between different variables. Descriptive summary statistics and graphical summaries in tables and charts were used to present the study findings. There is 43.0% underweight, 52.6% marasmus, 1.0% Kwashiorkor, 1.6% Marasmic – kwashiorkor and 1.8% unclassified among children admitted to SOS Hospital.  Key study findings revealed are: poor household income  ( P-value = 0.000); large household size  ( P-value = 0.002); counselling of the caregiver/mother on healthy eating  ( P-value = 0.004); age of child  ( P-value = 0.001); vitamin A supplementation  (P-value = 0.048); age up-to when the child was breastfed  (Pvalue = 0.001); type of the milk the baby is fed on particularly Cows milk (P-value = 0.012) with most prevalent comorbidities among the malnourished children admitted to SOS hospital were bronchopneumonia, diarrhea, malaria and measles with a proportions of 62.2%, 55.5%, 33.1% and 24.2% respectively.


A 9-month–old infant girl was referred for management of transverse aortic arch hypoplasia in the setting of a right arch with mirror-image branching of the brachiocephalic vessels and an aberrant left subclavian artery originating from the descending aorta. Because she was asymptomatic and without left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiogram, no interventions were undertaken. At multiple subsequent clinic visits through 4 years of age, extremity pulses and blood pressures continued to be normal and equal despite persistent arch hypoplasia and Doppler evidence of arch obstruction on serial echocardiograms.

At 4.5 years of age, her left radial pulse was noted to be relatively weaker for the first time, but 4-extremity blood pressures remained equal. An echocardiogram with Doppler revealed a continuous systolic-diastolic forward flow waveform in the abdominal aorta. One year later, her left radial pulse remained relatively weak, and her right leg systolic blood pressure was 30 mm Hg lower than that in her upper extremities. These findings prompted magnetic resonance angiography, which revealed a complex form of right aortic arch with moderate transverse aortic arch hypoplasia measuring 6 mm in diameter, narrowing to 4 mm at the isthmus. Distal to the coarctation, the proximal descending aorta was 11 mm in diameter. Both common carotid arteries arose proximal to the hypoplastic transverse aortic arch. There were no significant aortic-intercostal collateral arteries (Figure 1 and online-only Data Supplement Movie I).

Figure 1.
Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of …


Objectives Recent findings converge to the evidence that simple mindfulness practices can help children deal with difficult emotions and thoughts. Apart from pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, mindfulness-based exercises seem to be another important pillar of mental health care. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that simple mindfulness exercises lead to a change of actual emotional state and a greater sense of control over thoughts. Methods Our study was performed on hospitalized children (N = 20; mean age 14,2 ± 1,3; total amount of all mindfulness exercises was 119). A self-report scale was used for measuring of the emotional state. Two standardized exercises from the book of Eline Snel "Sitting Still Like A Frog" was used. Results Results indicate that mindfulness meditation leads to decrease of negative affect in adolescents (actual feeling, bad vs good, before 4,9±2,68, after 5,2±2,53, p<0,02; negative emotions, before 6,8±2,0, after 6,2±2,46, p<0,001; negative somatic sensations, before 6,6±2,1, after 6,1±2,2 p<0,02). No effect of meditation on control over thoughts and self-esteem was found. Significant correlation was found between subjective success and change of actual feeling change (R=0,27, p<0,01), self-esteem (R=0,26, p<0,01) and control over thoughts (R=0,49, p<0,01). Conclusions The simple mindfulness practices can help children deal with negative emotions and this effect increases motivation for further training. It supports the notion that this method could be an integral part of treatment during hospitalization. The limits of the study and pitfalls of work with hospitalized adolescents in this context will be discussed.


This paper describes a corpus of HPSG annotated trees for Spanish that contains morphosyntactic information, annotations for semantic roles, clitic pronouns and relative clauses. The corpus is based on the Spanish AnCora corpus, which contains trees for 17,000 sentences comprising half a million words, and it has CFG style annotations. The corpus is stored in two different formats: An XML dialect that is the direct serialization of the typed feature structure trees, and an HTML format that is suitable for visualizing the trees in a browser.


Here we report the growth and the characterization of pillar microcavities, constituted by Bragg mirrors, which are composed by alternate layers of GaAs and aluminum oxide. The selective oxidation of the AlAs layers allowed to increase the refraction index mismatch between the GaAs and AlAs. As a consequence we obtained high reflectivity Bragg mirrors even with only three layers, a factor three less than usually necessary in the more common GaAs/AlAs Bragg reflectors.

This not only simplifies the growth process, but also gives a reduction of the cavity mode volume. We have examined several MESAs with pillar diameter ranging from 1 to 10 mm, containing a system of InAs quantum dots. The quality factors of the cavities range from Q = 600–2000. Enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate of QDs was observed when the emission is on resonance with cavity modes. Purcell factors up to 2 were measured. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The present invention relates to an apparatus including membrane based multiple tubes for analyzing an organic substance, including: (a) a first tube consisting of (i) an injection part for injecting an analysis solution, (ii) a reception part for holding the injected analysis solution for a given time, (iii) a porous membrane formed on the bottom thereof with a fixed detection probe for uniting with a target substance or a union probe having united with a target substance, and (iv) a discharge part including a single hole or multiple holes for discharging the analysis solution through the porous membrane; and a second tube consisting of (i) an injection part for injecting an analysis solution, (ii) a reception part containing a union probe to unite with a target substance for holding the injected analysis solution for a given time, (iii) a porous membrane formed on the bottom thereof for passing the analysis solution, and (iv) a discharge part including a single hole or multiple holes for discharging the analysis solution through the porous membrane, characterized in that the reception part of the first tube is detachably attached to the discharge part of the second tube. Using the organic substance analysis apparatus including a membrane based dual tube according to the present invention, various combinations of the multiple tubes enable the preprocessing of a specimen and the subsequent reaction processes to be set in advance so as to analyze a substance in one-step process, and analysis of various target substances to be made by means of a single experiment, and simplify the conventional substance analysis method requiring a number of cleaning processes and solution exchange processes, enhancing sensitivity and particularity.


Study the sterilization effect of sterilants and treat time on Roegneria sinica var.media and the influence of substrate to seed germination of Roegneria stricta f.stricta,Roegneria tarczaninovii var.macrathera and Roegneria komarovii.The result showed that the germination percentage was 96.67% on condition that 0.1% HgCl2 immersing seeds.and the pollution percentage of seeds was zero.The suitable substrance of the three Roegneria sinica var.media seed were seporiate 1/2MS,MS and MS.and their germination manifest on their suitable substrate in squence Roegneria turczaninovii var.macrathera,Roegneria stricta f.stricta and Roegneria komarovii.


Shipbuilding process is composed of hull construction, in which the structural body of a ship is formed, and outfitting, in which all the non-structural parts such as pipes, derricks, engines, machinery, electrical cable, etc. are manufactured, added and assembled. Hull construction can be classified into parts fabrication, block assembly and hull erection. Among them, the parts fabrication is the first manufacturing stage that produces components or zones needed for block assembly and hull construction. More specifically, the parts fabrication is performed through machining processes including marking, cutting, pressing, and/or forming. When material is entering into the parts fabrication stage, it is important for achieving the total efficiency of production to select one of production division, so-called 'bay,' as well as machine tools on which the part is fabricated. In this paper, given production quantities of parts in the fabrication stage, the problem is to optimally select machine tools and production division, such that the total flow-time is minimized as well as the workload among machines is balanced. Specifically, three mathematical models for flow-time minimization, load balance, and simultaneously considering both objectives, and a numerical example are analyzed and presented.


Body surface potential mapping (BSPM) was performed in Wistar rats and in rats with inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension (ISIAH) at the age of 1, 7, 17 and 30 days. When analyzing isopotential maps of rats 3 phases of the ventricular depolarization were defined, and significant changes in durations of these phases in Wistar and ISIAH rats during early postnatal ontogenesis were determined. It was revealed that the duration of the ventricular depolarization in Wistar rats increased gradually from the 1st to the 30th day of postnatal ontogenesis and mostly on account of the middle phase. Duration of the ventricular depolarization in 1 day aged ISIAH rats was significantly larger than in Wistar rats of the same age, but it didn't change during the 1st month of postnatal ontogenesis and moreover it paradoxically decreased from the 1 st to 17 th day on account of the initial and terminal phases. For the first time significant changes in the durations of the ventricular depolarization and its phases between normotensive and hypertensive rats of the same ages revealed by the using BSPM may be considered as initial markers of the ventricular hypertrophy that developed in ISIAH rats during the early postnatal ontogenesis.


Purpose
Many refugees around the world are forced to leave their counties seeking safety and security. Millions of Syrian refugees fled their country since the conflict started in Syria. Jordan is one of the host countries for refugees from different countries including Syria. Health-related quality of life of individuals influences both the individual and the community, and how these two interact with one another. This study aims to explore the four domains – physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environment domains – of health-related quality of life of adults residing in Za'atari camp in the North of Jordan.

Design/methodology/approach
A constructivist grounded theory approach was used. Data were collected using semi-structured, face-to-face, audio-recorded interviews. Data were analysed using different levels of coding, constant comparative analysis and writing reflective memos.

Findings
Pursuing safety and security emerged as a core theme in this study. Participants were pursuing safety and security since the conflict started in Syria. Lack of safety and security led them to flee Syria. For participants, safety and security were among the most important aspects of their lives. The meaning of safety and security for Syrian refugees is presented in this paper.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study exploring the health-related quality of life of Syrian refugees residing in Za'atari camp using a qualitative approach.


Landscape fragmentation is quite dominant in Mediterranean regions and poses significant problems in semi-automatic satellite image classification methods. The issue is somewhat alleviated when high spatial resolution data are used, allowing the production of detailed classification schemes, using either pixelor object-based classification methods. The main objective of this research is the comparison of classification methods for Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) mapping using high spatial resolution data provided by the FORMOSAT-2 satellite. Three pixel-based and an object-based classification approaches are evaluated; the pixel-based methods employing the Support Vector Machine (SVM), Maximum Likelihood (ML), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms, and the object-based classification using the Nearest Neighbour classifier. All three methods were assessed and compared to each other with respect to the overall and individual accuracy of their classification results, in order to determine the most efficient method. The comparison was made both in terms of overall classification accuracy as well as in terms of individual class identification accuracy. The differences in the performance of each classification method are discussed. INTRODUCTION Landscape fragmentation is a threat to sustainable ecosystem management in the Mediterranean region (1). It represents the alteration in the composition and spatial arrangement of landscape elements, consequently affecting population and ecosystem processes (2,3). The classification of remotely sensed images is an important asset for the determination of Land Use and/or Land Cover (LU/LC) information (4,5). Among the most popular and widely used classification algorithms is the Maximum Likelihood (ML) classifier (6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15). Limitations while using the ML classifier lie in the difficulty of integrating spectral data with ancillary data as well as in the fact that unbalanced distribution of training samples could introduce errors to the image classification procedure (11). To overcome such issues, non-parametric classification techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Nearest Neighbour (NN) within an Object Based classification approach have been introduced recently (9,16,17,18,19). ,24). ANN has emerged as an important tool for classification. Its success is based on the utilisation of non-linear models, which make neural networks flexible in modelling real-world multifaceted relationships (20). Detailed descriptions of the definitions of the ANN parameters with reference to their concepts, algorithms, as well as their potentials and limitations are mentioned in (21,22,23 EARSeL eProceedings 11, 2/2012 109 SVM has proved to be a theoretical superior machine learning methodology (25) with interesting results in pattern recognition, particularly for supervised classification of high-dimensional data sets (9,10,13,17,18,25,26,27,28,29). SVM functions by non-linearly projecting the training data to a feature space of higher dimensions, using a kernel function. This results in a data set separable by a linear classifier. This process enables the classification of remote sensing data sets, which are usually not linearly separable. Classification in high-dimension feature spaces often results in overfitting of the data, while at the same time it is controlled through the principle of structural risk minimization in SVM (30). More comprehensive descriptions of the operation of the method may be found in (25,31,32). In contrast to pixel-based classification methods, object-based classification first aggregates image pixels into spectrally homogenous image objects via an image segmentation algorithm, and then classifies the resulting individual objects (33). In fact, the main advantage of Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) is the combination of the spectral information with spatial and topological characteristics (33). Literature contains numerous studies that demonstrate both the advantages and the limitations of the approach (34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43). A comparison of the four classification methods for LU/LC mapping using FORMOSAT-2 imagery was performed, providing results that can support decision making and optimize users' feedback. The classification performance of each method is subsequently discussed.


The ground-state universal construction of order parameters per lattice is computed for the quantum three-state Potts model in a transverse magnetic field in one spatial in terms of the iMPS algorithm.It is found that the behaviors of universal construction of order parameters are different when the control parameter crosses the critical point.This implies that the systems undergo spontaneous symmetry breaking,and we can locate the phase transition point.The critical point λc is determined from an extrapolation of the pseudo phase transition point λχ with respect to the truncation dimension,so we can get λc =0.9991,which is close to the exact critical point 1.The practical importance of universal construction of order parameters lies in computing and studying quantum phase transition.


Incandescent light bulbs are widely used in light culture to promote flowering in long-day cut flowers. However, alternative energy-efficient light sources need to be developed. This study evaluated the flowering-promoting effect of two bulb-type three-color LEDs on two Gypsophila paniculata cultivars. The LEDs are equipped with far red, red, and blue colors and can be attached to the socket of an incandescent light bulb. Regarding the number of days to flower budding, LEDs exerted a flowering-promoting effect equivalent to that of incandescent light bulbs. However, incandescent light bulbs were more effective compared with LEDs in terms of the number of days to flowering in one of the two cultivars and number of leaves at flowering in both cultivars. The LED use resulted in an equal or superior fresh weight, stem length, and number of inflorescence units as the cut flower quality than those achieved with incandescent light bulbs. Although there may be an influence of light quality other than the three colors on flowering, the potential of bulb-type three-color mixed LEDs with a marked energy-saving effect was shown for the promotion of flowering.


1420 www.anesthesia-analgesia.org June 2015 • Volume 120 • Number 6 Copyright © 2015 International Anesthesia Research Society DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000772 THE STATE OF THE PERIOPERATIVE SURGICAL HOME IN THE UNITED STATES Surgical care is not often standardized or coordinated, resulting in duplicated or unnecessary care that costs an estimated $18 billion annually in the United States.1 The Perioperative Surgical Home (PSH) is a new model to address the well-documented high cost, low quality, and suboptimal outcomes of surgical care.2,3 While other models of perioperative care, such as Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, have been used in other countries, the PSH is gaining traction in the United States. The impact of the PSH on clinical outcomes and cost of care has recently been evaluated.4 PSH programs are being developed largely independently across the United States and thus vary in their focus on preoperative, intraoperative, and/or postoperative care initiatives.5 However, generally, these PSH programs involve an anesthesiologist-intensivist as primarily overseeing care across the perioperative continuum, including postdischarge planning.6–10 Other specialists, including surgeons, internal medicine hospitalists, and primary care physicians, have also recognized the need for improved surgical care coordination and embraced this role and its responsibilities.11–13 Surgeons are clearly involved in the pre-/intra-/postoperative phases of surgery, and their clinical efficiency and productivity are adversely affected by delays, cancellations, and complications when patients are not adequately prepared for surgery.14–16 Internal medicine hospitalists can care for patients preand postoperatively.17–19 Anesthesiologists have expanded their scope of practice to include preoperative management and more extensive postoperative care.17 Thus, any of these specialties could take the lead in providing perioperative care. However, the 2014 Institute of Medicine report on graduate medical education in the United States noted that there is "a gap between new physicians' knowledge and skills and the competencies required for current medical practice."20 Activities central to the PSH may be one of these gaps in medical education. The emerging demand to meet this need is unchartered ground for many, if not all, of the specialties. The primary purpose of this study was to identify gaps in education present across 4 specialties to guide future curriculum development to meet the demands of PSH program activities.


[Objective] The study aim to introduce 3 kinds of rice seeder for breed seedling in field and compared their working performance.[Method]With 2FBS-840,MR-BZ840A and 2TYB-450 rice seedling seeder for breed seedling in field as research objects,their conformation,working principle and characteristic were expounded.The working performance and quality index of 3 seeders were determined and the performance indexes such as the eligible ratio and blank-hole ratio of sowing,and the sowing seed number per seedling area for 3 seeders were analyzed comprehensively through the comparative test on the working performance of seeders.[Result] 2TYB-450 rice seedling seeder adopted the synchronous driving wheel,the equipment for vibrating and homogeneous sowing and the guiding sowing plate with seed box cross,so it didn't slip when driving and had high eligible ratio of sowing,good effect of filling seeds,less sowing seed number per seedling area and high working stability,with the sowing eligible ratio of 68.67%,the sowing blank-hole ratio of 1.89% and the sowing seed number per seedling area of 4.19.The working performance of 2FBS-840 seeder was next and that of MR-BZ840A seeder was worst.[Conclusion] The working performance of 2TYB-450 rice seeder for breed seedling in field was superior to that of other 2 kinds of seeders.


Essential oils are known to be a natural preservative due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate an effect of thyme and cumin essential oils (EOs) in combination with air packaging and vacuum packaging on the shelf life of burgers from surimi and chicken meat. The study was conducted at 2°C for 27 days. We tested four groups of samples: (a) burgers in air package, (b) burgers with cumin and thyme EOs in air packaging, (c) burgers in vacuum packaging, and (d) burgers with cumin and thyme EOs in vacuum packaging. The greatest effect (P < 0.001) on the chemical and microbiological characteristics of the novel burgers displayed burgers with EOs of thyme and cumin packaged under vacuum. It can be explained by synergistic effect, which made it possible to extend the shelf life of the burgers. These results allowed us to suggest that surimi could be used as a basic ingredient in burgers production.


Objective This study reports our clinical experience of transcatheter device occlusion of multi-fenestrated atrial septal defect(ASD).Methods From December 1998 to November 2006,13 patients,3 males,10 females,at a mean age of(26.1±4.2) years(ranged from 4 to 60 years old),underwent percutaneous closure of multi-fenestrated ASD.Out of the 13 patients,9 had two defects,3 detected three defects,1 had four defects.Two of 13 patients accompanied atrial septal aneurysm,one accompanied atrial fibrillation and hydropericardium.Results 11 of 13 patients were successfully treated with single occluder(device size ranged from 12 to 40 mm),2 were implanted two devices for effective closure of all defects(occluder diameter 18 and 8 mm).During follow-up,residual shunting was observed in 2 of 13 patients,and no other complications were noted.Conclusion Multi-fenestrated ASDs should be closed under transesophageal echocardiographic(TEE) guidance to determine number,diameter and distance of ASDs.We should try our best to close multi-fenestrated ASDs with one device.


A clip connection (1) comprises a first component (2) and a male fixing element (3) which protrudes therefrom and has at least two balls (3a, 3b) that are arranged coaxially with one another and are connected together or two spherical portions that are arranged coaxially with one another and are connected together. A clip element (7) is clipped onto the male fixing element (3). The clip element (7) has two form-fitting elements (7c, 7d) which bear from the outside against the fixing element (3) and engage between the balls (3a, 3b) or spherical portions. The form-fitting elements (7c, 7d) each extend in a longitudinal direction such that in the clipped-on state the clip element (7) is displaceable in translation in the longitudinal direction relative to the fixing element (3) and to the first component (2).


Empowering the poor is the responsibility of all members of society, not just the government. Muslims, as the majority in Indonesia, should play a significant role in poverty alleviation. Zakat, infak and sedekah (ZIS), in the teachings of Islam, is not just worship because, if managed properly, it can be a solution to poverty. To date, the management of ZIS as a mechanism for change in society has not been optimal due to various factors, one of which is a poor management model. Therefore, this article presents a model of empowerment of the poor based on social responsibility with the integration of Islamic values. This article is based on research conducted at Yayasan Solo Peduli Umat. The research data are obtained from the managers of Solo Peduli, beneficiaries and other parties involved. The results of this study indicate that the integration of Islamic values with the concept of social responsibility can maximize the empowerment of the poor. An empowerment model is created to increase the number of entrepreneurs who diligently worship and have noble morality (akhlaqul karimah), increase the independence and welfare of the poor, ensure the continuity of network-based businesses between musthik and muzaki/ donatur, and provide sustainable donations to be used as capital for social transformation


By the previous studies, exchange rate fluctuations have been considered to be an important factor affecting the real sector of economies as economies have become more open. Most of the studies focused on its trade impact, however, through different channels, exchange rate movements can also influence the unemployment. This study aims to analyze the effect of exchange rate and its volatility on unemployment for Turkey over the period from 2005 to 2019 by using quarterly data. As a solution for possible endogeneity problem, VAR analysis was performed. Results show that although exchange rate fluctuations do not affect the unemployment, exchange rate volatility significantly increases unemployment. Moreover, positive output shocks contribute statistically significantly to the reduction of unemployment in line with Okun's Law. In conclusion, different policy measures should be employed to reduce the exchange rate volatility or its effect on unemployment or both.


Active share has been making headlines in the investment world since 2009, when it was broadly introduced by former Yale professors Martijn Cremers and Antti Petajisto. Against the backdrop of a performance drought for active equity managers, many pundits, practitioners, and members of the financial media have embraced active share as an easy-to-compute measure of portfolio "activeness" that is also predictive of future excess returns.


A method and an apparatus for managing a media file are provided to minimize the difficulty of the file management due to the correction of the media object. An apparatus for managing a media file separates meta data and media data of the media file and extracts(810). The media file is consecutively stored in the storage unit in an order of header, meta data and media data. If the media object included in the media file is modified, the size of meta data existing between header and media data is changed. The apparatus for managing a media file separates meta data and media data in order not to change the location of the domain storing extracted media data and stores(820). Meta data and media data are recorded in the physically separated storage media. The information about the location of the domain storing meta data and media data is stored in the header of the media file(830).


Insights and methods from the chemical sciences are directly relevant to global challenges such as climate change, renewable energy generation and storage, water purification, and food production. ...