Regeneration of tobacco (Skoog & Miller 1957) from explants or calluses is the classical example used to demonstrate organogenesis. It is a good choice since effects of auxins and cytokinins on tobacco are specific and reproducible (Flick et al. 1983). High auxin and low cytokinin concentrations promote callus formation. Shoot formation occurs with low auxin and high cytokinin concentrations. Roots form with high auxin and very low cytokinin concentrations, or with auxin alone. Also, tobacco callus may be obtained easily from any of several biological supply houses and subcultured to produce the quantity needed. This Skoog-Miller model for tobacco callus holds for many species (Hussey 1986). There are exceptions though, and these exceptions allow an opportunity to bring experimentation and problem solving into the classroom. "Problem probing is a powerful vehicle for teaching the content of the domain along with its working procedures," according to Peterson & Jungck (1988) and Flannery (1991). With this in mind, students in a plant tissue culture course were asked to test application of the Skoog-Miller model to sweet potato root explants. A two-way factorial experimental design, similar to that used by Skoog and Miller (1957), was selected for this purpose. This approach allows determination of the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, an auxin) and kinetin (a cytokinin), alone and in combination, on organogenesis. As a control, tobacco callus was also tested. Students worked in pairs to make manipulations easier and to increase interaction during analysis and writing.


One of the most persistent worries voiced by students of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason is the "neglected alternative objection" (NA). In setting out the components of his transcendental aesthetic, Kant explicitly states that space and time—respectively, the outer and inner forms of sensible intuitions that underlie all our phenomenal experiences—are merely pure forms of sensible intuition. By this he means that they do not have any objective reality as things in themselves (i.e., they are not noumena).' It is crucial for Kant's overall project in the Critique, especially in relation to his "Copernican Revolution," that both space and time be given a priori for us as necessary components of our experience. However, inferring from this that the independent existence of space and time can, or must be, denied outright seems irrelevant to Kant's overall project and, more importantly, an unjustified dogma inconsistent with the claims of the overall project. I take it that Kant leaves readers with the following two general questions:


In this work, a series of quaternary AlxInyGa1−x−yN thin films have been successfully achieved using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method with adjustable trimethylaluminum (TMA) flows. Surface morphology and optical properties of AlxInyGa1−x−yN films have been evaluated. The indium segregation effect on the enhancement of UV luminescence emission in AlxInyGa1-x-yN films with increasing TMA flows was investigated. Our results shed some lights on future optical materials design and LED/LD applications.


We study the photoemission process of graded-doping GaN photocathode and find that the built-in electric fields can increase the escape probability and the effective diffusion length of photo-generated electrons, which results in the enhancement of quantum efficiency. The intervalley scattering mechanism and the lattice scattering mechanism in high electric fields are also investigated. To prevent negative differential mobility from appearing, the surface doping concentration needs to be optimized, and it is calculated to be 3.19×1017 cm−3. The graded-doping GaN photocathode with higher performance can be realized by further optimizing the doping profile.


Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine socio-demographic factors influencing the use of mobile phones in accessing rice information on climate change adaptation by rain-fed farmers in Tanzania with reference to Morogoro region.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional research design was used to collect data from 400 randomly selected rain-fed rice farmers owning mobile phones. Semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection in eight selected wards in two districts of Kilombero and Kilosa districts in Morogoro Region, Tanzania.

Findings

The findings of the study showed that the use of mobile phones to access rice information on climate change adaptation was statistically significantly influenced by respondents' sex, age, education level, marital status, farm size, farming experience, radio ownership and off-farm incomes. Furthermore, the use of mobile phones in accessing rice information on climate change adaptation among the study districts was not statistically significant.

Practical implications

This paper provides practical recommendations on how to improve accessibility of rice information through mobile phones on climate change adaptation. Implementation of information delivery system to farmers using mobile phones without ascertaining farmers' socio-demographic characteristics leads to resource underutilization.

Originality/value

The paper provides appropriate knowledge that is needed in improving access to information through mobile phones by Tanzanian farmers and in other communities in developing countries with the aid of the additional theoretical moderators of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology as the research findings suggest. Moderators' variables have high influence on farmers' use of mobile phones on accessing rice information on climate change adaptation.


Kalkan Evaluation of Cardiovascular Drug Poisonings Reported to the Dokuz Eylul University Drug and Poison Information Center Between 2014 and 2017. J Basic Clin Health Sci 2021; 2: 156-161. ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of our study is to reveal the demographic features, exposure routes and reasons for exposure, clinical effects and outcomes of cardiovascular drug poisonings reported to the Dokuz Eylul University Drug and Poison Information Center (DEUDPIC) between January 2014 and December 2017. Methods: This retrospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was approved by the Noninvasive Research Ethics Committee of Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine. All data were recorded on standard data forms and then transferred to a software (Ruber, written by Engin Yildiztepe, 2007) for data analysis. Results: There were 43 poisonings cases were reported with cardiovascular drugs. Female cases were common (60.47%). Half of the poisoning cases were toxic (51.16%). The most common reason of poisonings was intentional (81.40%). All of cases between 13-49 age group were intentional exposures. Only single substance intakes were responsible for the most of the drug exposures (62.79%). The most common agents were beta-blockers (29.85%), medicines that affect the renin-angiotensin system (23.88 %), calcium channel blockers (11.94%) and cardiac therapy drugs such as digoxin (11.94%). Clinical signs and symptoms were classified as asymptomatic (37.21%), mild (23.26%), moderate (23.26%), and severe (4.65%). Recommended treatments were observation and supportive care (46.67%), decontamination methods (44.00%) and antidote therapy (2.67%). One fatality was reported. Conclusions: We suggest that determination of the epidemiological characteristics of cardiovascular drug exposures in our country through prospectively multi-centered studies may provide significant contributions to prevent poisonings and decrease the mortality and morbidity of the cases.


The study analyses the causes of ineffective malignant glaucoma treatment applied in 4 patients (6 eyes). Glaucoma symptoms appeared immediately after cataract removal. The common feature of the applied therapies was the desire to lower eye pressure using various methods. The most important element of treatment, i.e. restoring the correct anatomical relations in the eye, was left out during treatment. The prolonged time in the implementation of effective therapy results in progressive visual impairment and appearance of irreversible lesions in the anterior segment of the eye. In addition, it puts the patient at risk of experiencing constant eye pain, even if the intraocular pressure is normalized. The key to therapeutic success is restoration of the physiological distribution of the aqueous humour. Nonsurgical methods of treating malignant glaucoma, if ineffective, should be replaced by surgery within several days. The procedure of choice is excision of the vitreous from the area of the lens and the ciliary body with its anterior capsule, performed from the posterior approach. This method seems to be the most effective in pseudophakic eyes, and the time of its implementation has a decisive impact on obtaining a beneficial effect of the procedure and reducing the risk of postoperative complications.


This paper documents the processes and procedures followed by a team of two researchers and five co-researchers in the creation of sustainable learning environments at a school in the Free State province of South Af- rica. For this purpose, we used one school to illustrate how diverse school community members deliberately constructed a framework for the integra- tion of ICT in the development of its professional curriculum leadership practices. A conceptual framework driven through critical emancipatory theory is applied as the lens that propels us to create opportunities for self-empowerment. Grounded on this theoretical framing we then used a participatory action research to operationalize it. We generated relevant data through the establishment of a research team, which coalesced around a common vision collectively identified in pursuance of the aim of study. Data generated were analysed using Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis. The findings discussed are (i) performance through reflecting on professional curriculum practices, (ii) their actions, (iii) procedures involved therein, and (iv) strategies. The contribution we made was a tested framework for the integration of ICT in a professional curriculum context. This contribution has implications for the creation of a sustainable learning environment.


The research of theoretic essence of TCM category should chase what tasks it has assumed,what information it has delivered and what objective facts it has reflected mainly from 10 aspects,such as principle,structure,model,functions,property,relationships,momentum,laws,style and dynamic causes.


Abstract The dynamic wetting and dewetting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by polar liquids (water and glycerol) has been studied. The solid was scanned by liquid movement at velocities, V , in the range 0.001-0.5 cm/s and the contact angle, θ, was determined by a tensiometric method. Broad agreement between tensiometric θ- V data and those obtained by other workers via optical techniques was found. The measured θ- V relationships were compared with those predicted by existing theories of wetting kinetics. The molecular-kinetic theory was found to be more adequate in this regard than the hydrodynamic theory. A number of issues remain unresolved, specifically the intrinsic reasons for the observation of multimechanism θ- V behavior and also the absence of low velocity convergence of the dynamic, particularly receding, contact angle to the static value.


WT8.BZ]The effects of postgrowth rapid thermal annealing have been studied on the optical properties of 3-nm-height InAs/GaAs quantum dots covered by 3-nm-thick In xGa 1-x As (x=0,0 1 and 0 2) overgrowth layer.At a higher annealing temperature (T≥750℃),the photoluminescence peak of InGaAs layer has been observed at the lower-energy side of InAs quantum-dot peak.In addition,a similar blueshift in photoluminescence (PL) emission energy is observed for all samples when the annealing temperature increases from 650 to 850℃.However,the trend of photoluminescence linewidth towards narrowing is totally different for InAs quantum dots with different In mole fraction in InGaAs overgrowth layer.The results suggest that the intermixing in the lateral direction plays an important role in obtaining a better understanding of the modification of optical properties induced by the rapid thermal annealing.


Solid-state transformation of labradorite plagioclase feldspar to maskelynite occurs at a specific range of shock pressure [1] referred to as "Class 2" [2] for shocked basalt. A new texture labeled as "decompression cracks" (see scans of cut sides below) forms where the protolith prior to shock was an altered basalt, which likely indicates the importance of volatiles while not melting. At higher shock pressures, glass is formed and it flows, which does not permit decompression cracks. Although only a small range of shocked basalt allows for decompression cracks to form, this can be used as a macroscopic texture in the field to locate shocked basalt and the impact melt-bearing breccia unit. Currently, shatter cones, at lower pressures, are the only macroscopic indicator of shock metamorphism. Introduction: With three processes analogous to Mars (basaltic volcanism, aqueous alteration, and shock), Lonar Crater shocked basalts are excellent analogs for analyzing results from instrumentation sent to Mars. ~80 kg of "intermediately" (20-80 GPa) shocked basalt, which exist as clasts in the uppermost, impactmelt-bearing breccia (formerly, "suevite" [3]) layer at Lonar Crater, India [2], along with float that were former breccia clasts, were collected during a 2-month field season. These add to a large collection [4] of unshocked basalts and impact melts/glasses (aka Class 5 [1,2]). Petrographic and electron microprobe images reveal of range of shock pressures (deduced by phases and mineralogies of labradorite and augite); various protoliths such as fresh Deccan basalt, altered basalt (altered before shock) showing hematite, calcite, silica veins/pockets, and clays [4]; and what is interpreted as a consolidated soil or a sample from weathering horizons in-between individual basalt flows [4]. Decompression Cracks: Whereas thinly-bedded sedimentary rocks have layers or beds, and regional metamorphic rocks are foliated due to directed stress over long periods of time, typical Deccan basalt shows no such bedding or foliation. However, a subset (~25) of the collection of intermediately-shocked basalt have quasi-parallel "cracks" ~1 cm apart throughout the sample (Figures 1 & 2). These features are apparent in natural samples found in the Lonar ejecta both in-situ and as float, and cut sides display the feature. Petrography of these 25 samples showed all of them to be Class 2 shocked basalt [2], with solid-state maskelynite and no melted plagioclase glass ("Classes 3 to 4") [2], which provides constraints on the approximate shock pressure. Interpreted Formation: For microseconds, the altered Deccan basalt was held under a shock pressure to compress labradorite into maskelynite; augites are fractured at this pressure. The lack of flowing or vesiculated glass, along with no decompression cracks found in Class 1/3/4/5 shocked basalts, suggest that these features form when the sample decompresses after being held at Class 2 shock pressures. At higher shock pressures, when plagioclase melts to a flowing glass, the near-instantaneous change in volume results in the glass flowing to account for the slight change in volume from ambient to compression to decompression. In Class 2 basalts, with no melted, flowing glass, the sample "cracks" to account for decompression, and hence "decompression cracks" are formed. These are only a feature of Class 2 shocked basalts with altered protoliths, and thus volatiles likely play a role. Fresh basalts subject to Class 2 pressures do not contain decompression cracks. Implications for field geology: Decompression cracks are not a feature of all shocked basalts and are limited to a small subset: Class 2 solid-state shock pressures of altered protoliths. However, this feature is beneficial to locating such samples and thus identifying 1.) outcrops of impact melt-bearing breccia that may be 2.) altered basalts ejected from depth. Both of these are of interest for field geology at Lonar and on Mars.


8033 Background: A high quality PD-L1 companion diagnostic may help predict which patients are more likely to respond to PD-1/PD-L1 antibody-based therapy. Here we describe a PD-L1 immunohistochemi...


Sedation procedures are undoubtedly becoming more prevalent, and yet it is difficult to estimate the exact number of sedation procedures performed each year in the United States, let alone the world. In 2002, a survey of >8000 gastrointestinal practices in the United States reported 14.2 million colonoscopies performed, with an estimated capacity of >22 million colonoscopies the following year. This is only 1 example from 1 specialty of the many procedures performed, that are generally accompanied by sedation for patient comfort and tolerance. Bronchoscopies and vascular laboratory and interventional radiology procedures are other realms that commonly use some degree of sedation, and these "minimally invasive" procedures are on the rise. Sedation is not without risk, although estimates of adverse events are also difficult to accurately ascertain. Data from the Anesthesia Closed Claims Database showed that a significant amount of anesthesia claims are made because of respiratory events resulting from oversedation during monitored anesthesia care (MAC) in remote locations, particularly in the gastroenterology procedure suites. Often, these events led to death or brain damage and were thought to be preventable by better monitoring. Given the inherent risks associated with sedation, many regulatory bodies and professional societies have set up standards and guidelines in relation to sedation practices in hospitals and other procedural areas.


'Lagu Patriotik' or Patriotic songs have been composed, recorded and broadcast widely since the formation of Malaysia in the 1960s. The sound of patriotic songs like Tanah Pusaka, Putera Puteri, has become the common memory of Malaysian citizens. In school education, patriotic songs were frequently sung and featured in choir competitions. Despite of this long continuity and intense effort of using music to foster nation unity, it is unknown that if these songs have a subtle effect in invoking a sense of belonging and love to the country. Over the years, scattered information from the public has revealed feedbacks that some of the songs have been 'unattractive'. In addition, the styles of music of the so-called 'Lagu Patriotik' are diverse and have changed over the time. It is an intriguing question that if the style of music could influence the emotional effect of the listeners. This paper looks into the body of songs that are known as patriotic songs and attempt to clarify what these songs consists of in terms of its musical content.


Many information sources on the web are generated by scripts and are highly structured, e.g., a movie website like IMDB. While these documents share a common HTML tree structure (or XML schema), the structure is not static and changes over time. The temporal changes tend to break many information extraction tools such as Wrappers which depend on precise knowledge of the structures. In this paper, we investigate how to model the temporal changes. We view the changes to the tree structure as suppositions of a series of edit operations: deleting nodes, inserting nodes and substituting labels of nodes. The tree structures evolve by choosing these edit operations stochastically. We give algorithm to learn the probabilistic model from training examples that contain pairwise collections of past and present website HTML documents. The learnt probabilistic models can be used to evaluate the robustness of different information extraction tools. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy in choosing robust wrappers on synthetic and real HTML document examples.


It is widely accepted that one of the virtual organizations great advantages, is that the participating firms can join in larger and more complex projects in a more flexible and swift fashion than would be the case for an individual. The shaping of the VO's architecture in order to be able to react quickly to market demands as well as the immediate coordination of a number of partners requires not only flexibility but also predefined rules and roles. This is why I consider there is need of an analysis regarding the possibility of creating a general framework of competences. The result of this research includes a number of elements and processes that have influence on the general framework of competencies and proposes a topic for future evaluations.


In this paper, we present the existence of extremal solutions of set-valued differential equations with feedback control on semilinear Hausdorff space under Hukuhara derivative which is developed under the form , , for all with the monotone iterative technique and we will verify that monotone sequence of approximate solutions converging uniformly to the solution of the problem, that is useful for optimization problems.


In this paper, a low complexity channel estimation method is proposed for two-dimensional (2-D) massive MIMO systems with uniform rectangular arrays of antennas. Instead of assuming independent fading between different transmit–receive antenna pairs, an array-structure-based physical channel model that characterizes the realistic scattering environments via the angles and gains associated with different propagation paths is studied. A 2-D Fourier-transform (FT) based on elevation and azimuth steering factors is applied to derive the spatial spectrum of received signals in angular domain at base station. Based on the spectrum analysis, the spatial spectrum of the received data is used to estimate the channel parameters, including direction of arrival (incident azimuth and elevation angles) and the path amplitude of each resolvable path. Since the channel coefficients are estimated in spatial domain and the proposed 2-D FT can be realized by fast-Fourier-transform, the computational complexity is reduced significantly. Simulation results are provided to verify the accuracy and the complexity of the proposed scheme.


For those outside academia who face the conflicting demands of work and family, the typical professor's job might seem like a dream occupation - flexible schedule, the ability to do some work from home, summers off. But as this book reveals, that popular image is anything but accurate, especially where women are concerned. Indeed, with their demands for total commitment from professors, colleges and universities offer a generally inhospitable workplace for dedicated parents. As recent research has shown, having babies before gaining tenure can have a considerable negative impact on women's academic careers, and this problem is clearly a key factor in women's inability to achieve gender parity in academia. The twenty-four essays in this collection - almost all of them recounting personal experiences - offer a complex view of both the difficulties and rewards of combining parenting with academic work and provide valuable ideas for how individuals and institutions can create change. Following an introductory overview of recent research on work-family issues specific to higher education, the book is divided into three parts. In "Challenges," the essayists confront situations that complicate individuals' efforts to succeed at both parenting and professorial work, such as the difficulties of finding faculty positions, unusual family configurations, and biases against mothers. The essays in "Possibilities" recount the positives - for research and teaching, for families and the professors themselves - of finding ways to honor both family and professional commitments. "Change," the third section, explores ideas for making it easier to combine parenting with an academic career - changes at the individual, interpersonal, policy, and system levels.


SPOC has its advantages in reshaping the traditional class teaching by providing learners with curriculum resources online, and learners manage self-learning as the mainstay. But currently problems have arisen as many instructors find it really not so convenient to monitor the learners on time and get their feedback promptly during the learning process. To overcome these obstacles, this paper introduced Outcome Directed education methodology, supported by constructivist learning theory, distributed cognitive theory, collaborative learning theory and activity theory, and constructed the Outcome Directed SPOC (0DS) model, which includes the design, development and evaluation system of SPOC teaching. This model has been applied in practice in the field of software technology. According to the professional requirements, the characteristics of students and of the curriculum, reasonable teaching strategies were designed by the guidance of the outcome requirements and the ability indicators to be reached, and a variety of teaching methods were appropriate taken use of. The teaching practice showed that ODS could promote the achievement of learning goals by improving the learners' capability of self-learning, self-discipline and problem solving.


This paper employs White's value‐analysis (1951) to gain insights into the role of values in the resolution of the conflict between the Arab states and Israel following the 1973 October War. Our analysis of the documents of key decision‐makers from both groups revealed that the values of "peace" and "sovereignty" (freedom) were especially important to them. The Arabs saw Israel as being an imperialist power in this context, while Israel felt that her existence was threatened by the possible establishment of a secular Palestinian state.


We propose novel schemes to mitigate fiber nonlinearity and show in 25-Gbaud PDM QPSK simulations over 15,200 km that these schemes increase the spectral efficiency from 50% to 70% while exhibiting only 0.3-dB Q-factor reduction compared to the PCTW method.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between nosocomial infection(NI) in patients and its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for setting down measures for surveillance and developing effective targeted surveillance.METHODS According to Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Standard published by Ministry of Public Health,for the patients who were enrolled in hospital during 0:00-24:00 on a single day of 2009-2010,the prevalence rates of NI were investigated by the combination of bed-side examination with medical record checking and by filling out the unified questionnaire,then statistical analysis of the data was performed.RESULTS A total of 1122 patients were surveyed for twice in 2009 and 2010,the rates of actual investigation were 99.48% and 99.28% respectively,and the prevalence rates were 5.96% and 7.07% respectively(χ2=0.558,P=0.455),the differences were not statistically significant;the main infection site was lower respiratory tract,accounting for 42.27%,followed by urinary tract(16.44%) and postoperative incision(13.70%);the main departments of high nosocomial infection rates were ICU(26.67%),department of urology(15.00%),and cardio-thoracic surgery department(14.29%);gram-negative bacteria(73.17%) were the main pathogenic bacteria;the rates of daily use of antibiotics were 41.58% and 48.19% in 2009 and 2010 respectively.CONCLUSION Consecutive investigation of prevalence should be performed to master the changing trend of nosocomial infections.Nosocomial infections can be effectively prevented through raising the submission rate of clinical specimens,strengthening reasonable use of antibiotics,and developing the targeted surveillance.


By means of energy utilization reports from key energy consumption enterprises and investigations on typical equipments' energy consumption of related enterprises,energy conservation monitor station could evaluate and determine the credibility of enterprise energy utilization reports.In order to realize national objects of energy saving and energy consumption declining,enhanced energy monitoring is very necessary.


The performance of time-frequency coded spread spectrum systems (TFCSSS) is considered when the systems are operating over noisy fading channels. Systems employing the random addressing technique of Viterbi [1] and the addressing scheme developed more recently by Einarsson [3] are examined. An exact expression is derived for the word-error probability associated with the Viterbi scheme. This expression provides the tightest known upper bound to the performance of the Einarsson addressing scheme. Also in the paper the question of the most appropriate way of using power is considered, and it is shown that if the possibility of using an increased transmitter power exists, it is better to increase the power per transmission chip to a higher level and keep it constant, irrespective of the number of users occupying the chip, rather than to use a power level that increases with the number of users occupying the chip.


ABSTRACT The abstract was corrected as follows:The sensory improvement of tuna dark flesh (TDF) and its application in meatball formulation were studied. The levels of trimethylamine, total volatile nitrogen, peroxide, and TBARS values of TDF surimi (TDFS) were decreased significantly compared to the TDF. The leaching process increased whiteness and decreased fat, myoglobin, and metmyoglobin contents, total Fe, and Heme Fe significantly. The new meat product was developed based on sensory data and consisted of 49 g/100 g beef mince and 21 g/100 g TDFS. The shelf-life study within 4-months frozen storage at −24°C indicated that the prototypes and control had similar sensory, physicochemical, and microbial characteristics within the study.


Summary Perilymphatic fistulas still represent a major treatment challenge. In some cases, its surgical closure can reduce auditory and vestibular sequelae. Aim to compare the behavior of cochlear window perilymphatic fistulas in guinea pigs as to their natural evolution and immediate surgical closure. Materials and Methods Experimental study. Forty guinea pigs were submitted to cochlear window membrane lesion and randomly broken down into two groups: open fistula (OF) and surgically closed fistula (SCF). We found the summation potential (SP) and action potential (AP) latencies and amplitudes and the SP/AP ratio at three times: pre-fistula (PRE), immediate post-fistula (IPF) and late post-fistula (LPF). Results There was a significant drop in amplitudes and raise in SP and AP latencies among the times studied. As to the SP/AP ratios, there was a reduction between PRE and IPF, both were significant. There was no behavior difference between the OF and SCF. Conclusions Within the time frame considered, guinea pigs submitted to cochlear window membrane lesions evolved with a worsening in potentials and latencies. Despite the partial improvement in electrophysiological parameters, surgical closure did not prove statistically more effective than natural evolution.


Patients wearing IUDs present for examination when the continued presence of the device within the uterine cavity is in doubt. This is due either to spontaneous expulsion withdrawal of the threads into the uterus or rarely perforation of the device through the uterine wall. U ltrasonography is the only noninvasive and ionizing radiation-free metho d of investigation but accuracy rates for B-scanning have varied from 89% (Janssens et al. Contraception 8: 485-495 1973) to 100% (Ianniruberto and Mastroberardino American Journal of Obstetrics and Gy necology 114: 78-82 1972). The only A-scan report claims a 96% accuracy (Winters American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 95: 880-881 1966). No study has reported the concurrent use of B+A scanning. 22 controls and 55 patients in whom IUDs had been inserted were examined. From the A-scan an average ratio was made of the size of the uterine wall echoes to that from the uterine cavity. From the B-scan a blind assessment of the type of device present if any was attempted. Localization: B-scanning achieved at a 92% accuracy. The A-scan ratio of uterine walls echoes to cavity echo in controls was 7.19 + standard deviation (SD) 2.46 and in IUD patients was 1.32+SD .41 (p less than .001). B- and A-scans together achieved a 100% accuracy. Identification: Was correct in 65% similar to other workers experience (Janssens et al. 1973). It was concluded that ultrashould should be the initial investigation in localizing IUDS within the uterine cavity and routine use of concurrent B+A scanning is accurate. Loop identification is unreliable but seldom necessary.(FULL TEXT)


In today's world smartphone with internet has become integral part of the modern customer. Apart from this in the modern day the buzz word is electronic commerce. Increased use of technology and online shopping has enforced the customer to even adopt or shift from online banking to e-wallet or digital wallets for the payment mode for the services availed by them through e- commerce web portals or mobile applications. This study focuses on the opportunities and challenges of digital payment in India. People started to adopt digital wallet as it offers various benefits such as ease of access and ease of use, easy to access, instant payment. It even provides various barriers like security concerns, lack of knowledge, risk of theft of data overspending. Still digital wallet adoption has started rowing massively due to various measures taken by the government. People feel that this is the future and will be the most prominent mode of currency transaction in the future period.


ABSTRACT Direct removal of both As(III) and As(V) from strongly acidic industrial liquid wastes is possible using several oxides. We have studied hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) and manganese dioxide (MDO) in detail. The kinetics and capacity of the As sorption were determined radiochemically, the exchange balance of the elements in solution by ICP/AES and quantitative analysis of the As species in the solutions using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Sb or Mn release was low and not related to the As sorption, except for As(III) on MDO. Manganese dioxide rapidly oxidised As(III) to As(V) and Mn(II) was simultaneously released into solution. HAP had the highest capacity and selectivity for As(III). A single layer of As oxycomplexes could be formed on the surface of both solids.


In the midst of the horrors of the Holocaust, some Jews in the concentration camps sought to perform various ritual acts. Examining the role ritual plays in preserving self-identity in extreme circumstances, this article investigates the way in which such acts created a symbolic space as an alternative existence to the regime of death. The essay analyzes attempts by concentration camp prisoners to find in ritual a sense of time and continuity, a measure of control over their bodies, and a link with the past.


The method and apparatus of the present invention discloses a storage tank for the drainage of triggering, said means comprising a primary float (7) for generating a main buoyancy to open an outlet valve of the cistern. Said primary buoyancy releasably constrained to prevent the outlet valve open until the trigger is released and the buoyancy of the main water storage tank begins to drain, which may be significantly less than the main buoyancy leveraged force required to open the outlet valve.


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Reaction time values, though very small, can differentiate overall performance in sprint races, where the margin of victory is often measured in thousandths of a second. This study, the second from a project examining the sprint and hurdle events at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, aimed to determine the differences in reaction times between male and female athletes. The results confirm previous findings that mean reaction time values are less for men than for women. However, unlike with the women, statistically significant differences for different competitive levels (defined by how far the athlete advanced in the competition) within the analysed events were not found for the men and, therefore, it was not possible to use reaction time as a parameter for drawing conclusions about competitive quality. It was found that men had significantly better mean reaction time values at all levels in three events: 100m, 110m hurdles and 400m hurdles. Interestingly, men had better reaction times only at the lower competitive levels of some events (first and second rounds) while the men and women finalists in most events did not differ significantly in reaction time. In the 200m men and women did not differ in reaction time at any level.


In order to examine and verify the evidences of forest property right provided by disputing parties to reconcile right disputes,mediators must conduct on-the-spot inquisition,paying more much attention to surrounding situation of disputed mountain.In addition,they have to make connection of evidence materials with disputed mountain,do mapping inquisition data with landform map,and take records on-the-spot inquisition.The purpose of doing these is to provide enough evidence for disputes' treatment.


Considering the gap between the undergraduates' training mode and the actual job market,this paper explores the teaching mode to improve the undergraduates' engineering application ability by project-driven training,and analyzes some of the key factors of performing project training.Meanwhile,combined with the training practices in Institute of Information Science and Engineering of Hebei University of Science and Technology,we discussed the level-based teaching,the training content,the teaching mode and the evaluation mechanism.


This thesis is a study on the character development of Raselas, the main character, in his journey to find happiness. Raselas is a very naive and inexperienced young prince who lives at a special place for the king's sons and daughters, named Happy Valley. In Happy Valley, Raselas, as a son of king, always gets what he wants. Feeling bored and unhappy with his monotonous days, he decides to go outside Happy Valley to search for a perfect figure of human being to imitate in order to get happiness. In his searching for happiness, Raselas gets many worthy experiences that lead him to his character development at the end of his journey. The thesis writer would like to discuss how Raselas' character develops from the beginning of his journey to the end of it and how some characters he meets influence his character development. To achieve the goal of her analysis, she uses literary device namely characterization supported by a theory of psychology. The thesis writer also finds out that from his interactions with various types of people in his journey, Raselas gets many worthy lessons of life which enrich his thoughts and develop his characters. Hence, the thesis writer concludes that the main character, Raselas' character development is greatly influenced by his social environment, especially the people around him. Here, Raselas' curiosities which desire of 'perfectness' not only encourage him to undergo his journey, but also teach him some worthy lessons to form him to be a more mature and wiser man at the end of his journey.


The Welch-James procedure may be used to test hypotheses on means, when independent samples from populations with heterogeneous variances are available. Until recently the complexity of the available presentations of this procedure limited the application of this procedure. To resolve this state of affairs, summation formulas for the Welch-James procedure are presented for the 2 x 2 design. In addition, matrix formulas that permit routine application of the procedure to crossed factorial designs are presented.


Trade and innovation cause structural change. Productive factors must flow from declining to growing industries. Banks play a major role in cutting credit to non-viable firms in downsizing sectors and in providing new credit to finance investment in expanding, innovative sectors. Structural parameters of a country's banking system thus influence comparative advantage and trade, and can magnify the gains from trade liberalization. The analysis shows how insolvency laws, minimum capital standards, and cost of bank equity determine credit reallocation, sectoral expansion and trade patterns.


Infrared thermography is gaining popularity among the researchers in various fields. In the field of textiles, the potential of thermography may be used to observe the production process, material properties, clothing comfort, failure and product development. In this paper, thermography is used to observe the influence of fibre content, yarn count and knit to the drying properties of designed single- and double- jersey fabrics. The results are compared to subjective assessment of drying process and advantages of thermography, as a predictor of human comfort parameters, are outlined.


A study was conducted to evaluate serum and tissue micro-mineral concentrations of sheep and goats at the end of the dry and wet seasons in Trinidad. Tissue Samples for analysis were taken from the same liver lobe, the kidney cortex mainly (and outer medulla) and the cerebral hemispheres. Tissue sample trace concentrations were for Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn were determined by Atomic absorption spectroscopy. Sheep had lower mean liver Zn (P<0.01) and brain Zn (P<0.05) in the wet than in the dry season, while goats had lower liver Zn (P<0.05) and kidney Zn (P<0.01) in the wet season. Manganese levels were lower (P<0.05) in sheep livers in the dry than the wet season, and in brains of adults than in growing lambs. Tissue Zn levels in the wet season in some sheep and goats and particularly growing lambs probably indicated a state of marginal Zn deficiency. Also, in the dry and in the wet seasons, 4070% of sheep and goats had liver Cu below critical level (<25 mg/kg DM).


A tire, the tire having a plurality of shoulder blocks arranged along at least one side of the tire while being separated from each other by the axial grooves are provided. Holes are connected to the circumferential groove through the shoulder blocks. Holes are provided in a certain specific radial inner position with respect to the axial grooves. Each hole has a bottom portion positioned at a radial depth H Each hole has an axial groove and a radial overlap H The ratio


Advances in communication technology have resulted in boundaries between work and family becoming increasingly blurred, resulting in increased after-hours work contact. Little is known about the relationship between work contact and the work-to-family conflict and sleep problems experienced by construction professionals. Using a survey of 630 architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and project and construction managers, a conceptual model of work-to-family conflict and sleep problems was proposed and tested using SEM. Demographic characteristics, work experience, job autonomy and control, job pressures, and work contact were hypothesized to explain work-to-family conflict and sleep problems. A tested model was found to be an excellent fit to the data. The results indicate that 1) gender, employment status, work experience, and job pressure are determinants of levels of work contact; 2) work-to-family conflict is predicted by job autonomy and control, job pressure, and work contact, and 3) sleep problems are determined by job pressure, work contact, and work-to-family conflict. Firms and construction professionals need to improved boundary control to limit excessive work contact and/or mitigate its effects on work pressure and work-to family conflict. Intervention strategies by firms should address work contact and employers need to monitor job pressure, and promote job autonomy and control.


The Federal Maritime Commission is proposing to amend its rules to address the criteria that it will use to establish ocean common carrier status under the Shipping Act of 1984. Timetable:


A numerical 0D kinetic model is developed here to simulate the detailed kinetics of the ground and excited electronic states of atmospheric gases occurring under streamer discharge conditions. The model is based on an extended kinetic scheme that involves state-to-state vibrational kinetics of the ground electronic states of N2, O2 and NO diatomics, including e–V, V–V and V–T energy transfers, and contains about 104 processes for more than 500 tracked state-specific states (including the higher excited and autoionising states of NI/OI atomic species), and also for state-non-specific species. This scheme takes into account the most important radiative processes occurring in N2 and N2–O2 mixtures that are of diagnostic interest, including the extreme ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet radiation produced by many excited and autoionising states of NI/OI. The dependence of the rates of electron-impact processes on the reduced electric field E/N is found by solving the Boltzmann equation for electrons in the two-term approximation using the Boltzmann equation solver Open Source library, BOLOS. We examine several test cases: pure nitrogen at 50 and 200 Torr and synthetic air at 10, 50 and 760 Torr, at a gas temperature of 300 K. The numerical results for pure nitrogen were compared with experimental results recently obtained by laser induced fluorescence for metastables. Good qualitative agreement was observed between numerical simulations and experiments at vibronic levels v  =  2–5, giving important feedback on the appropriateness of the kinetic scheme. Numerical results were also used to find several general spectrometric signatures that might be helpful in the development of diagnostic procedures.


This essay offers a series of reflections about the challenges that arise for an ethnographer writing in the public sphere, especially when addressing controversial issues or moments of political uncertainty in sites of long-term fieldwork. In this case, Argentina, where the author has conducted fieldwork for over fourteen years, experienced a political crisis stemming from the unexplained death of a prosecutor in January 2015. In such moments of crisis, this essay asks, what is the role and responsibility of the academic voice? Inevitably, challenges arise when presenting ethnographically inflected work for a public audience, often leaving the author in a liminal space, "betwixt and between" the academic world and the public sphere. Yet, these challenges and liminal spaces can also expand the boundaries of one's field of study, engaging new audiences while also offering powerful insights into the production of academic knowledge.


Background: This article takes a look at the technical efficiency of 53 A-share listed companies of Chinese military industrial enterprises in the '10 Major Military-industrial Groups' based on the random Frontier B95 model and the panel data of listed companies from 2010 to 2015. Objectives: The research put forward five influencing factors, namely ownership structure, asset turnover, enterprise size, staff education and regional differences. Method: The article proposed five hypotheses to measure the technical efficiency of the military and civilian enterprises. Results: The results showed a gradual increase in the technical efficiency of sampled military industrial enterprises, even though the overall results were low with a decreasing scale income. There was a positive correlation between ownership concentration and the technical efficiency of military industrial enterprises, but not significant. However, the proportion of state-owned large shareholders and the technical efficiency of military industrial enterprises had a negative correlation and were not significant. Asset turnover ratio, firm size, employee education level and regional differences correlated positively with the technical efficiency of military industrial enterprises, and their influence was seen to be very important. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study provides an empirical basis for further studies enhancing the technical efficiency of military industrial enterprises in China.


Received date/ Accepted date Abstract. The morphological properties of the Carina, Sculptor and Fornax dwarfs are investigated using new wide field data with a total area of 29 square degrees. The stellar density maps are derived, hinting that Sculptor possesses tidal tails indicating interaction with the Milky Way. Contrary to previous studies we cannot find any sign of breaks in the density profiles for the Carina and Fornax dwarfs. The possible existence of tidal tails in Sculptor and of King limiting radii in Fornax and Carina are used to derive global M/L ratios, without using kinematic data. By matching those M/L ratios to kinematically derived values we are able to constrain the orbital parameters of the three dwarfs. Fornax cannot have M/L smaller than 3 and must be close to its perigalacticon now. The other extreme is Sculptor that needs to be on an orbit with an eccentricity bigger than 0.5 to be able to form tidal tails despite its kinematic M/L.


For supplying the capability of replaying the HLA federation execution data and solving the issues demanded by playback that data must be integrated as a whole,time order must be exactly,run efficiency should be highly and the solution should be general-purpose,this paper explores the issues of data replaying in HLA federation,analyzes the requirements and the impacts of HLA on playback,points out that the essentially general purpose is a concept of federation independent,and excogitates a data processing method to deal with the replayed data by means of object.Relying on the strategy of a concentrated playback federate,the playback solution was putted forward,which is based on the technology of data's object serializing and federates' automatic-generating.The solution realizes the goal to make a general purpose data playback.In the end,this paper introduces the application of the general-purpose playback tool.


Abstract : This report documents modifications and additions incorporated into the ABRES Shape Change Code (ASCC80) to create a planar two-dimensional version of the axisymmetric computer code. This planar code predicts convective heat transfer and in-depth conduction for swept wings in supersonic flow. The report contains test cases and a detailed user's guide which describes the input data required to run the code.


Testing the product just before its release to the customer is very important as it marks the success of that product. In software development, testing of the software is conducted at the last stage of the development cycle. During software testing, there will a large number of variables and their possible values. For this if conventional testing process becomes cumbersome and hence a more efficient testing strategy has to be applied. This paper discusses the application of Orthogonal Array based Software Testing (OATS) for minimizing the number of bugs in the software. In this paper, Taguchi's Orthogonal Array (OA) is applied for compatibility testing of a website, by considering five control factors and one interaction between the factors. Experiments have been conducted using L18 orthogonal array; experimental results are analyzed using Smaller-The-Better (STB) type of Signal-toNoise (S/N) ratio and optimal levels for the control factors are obtained. With these optimal levels it is found that the number of bugs has been considerably reduced.


Braided convolutional codes (BCCs) are a type of parallel-concatenated convolutional code in which the parity outputs of one component encoder are fed back and used as inputs to the other component encoder at the succeeding time unit. In this paper, we review the published results on BCCs that have appeared in the literature over the past ten years and present a unified view of BCCs in the context of other types of turbo-like codes. We also include some recent results on iterative decoding thresholds for BCCs, weight enumerators and distance growth rates, window decoding for low latency operation, and rate-compatible BCCs for high-rate applications.


New novel 2D network bimetallic MnIIAgI coordination compounds {MnII(L)2[AgI(CN)2]2}n (L = 3-methylpyridine (1) or 4-methylpyridine (2)) were synthesized and characterized by using single-crystal X...


A bench-scale test (800 Nm3/h) for electron beam treatment of flue gas was conducted. It was concluded that the method is favourable for treatment of flue gas with a high SO2 concentration (5,500 ppm) at low electron beam irradiation (5 kGy). Results are consistent with the claim that SOx is removed from flue gas by the reaction of SOx with ammonia, and the intermediate salts formed are oxidised by radicals to sulphate salts consisting mainly of ammonium sulphate (a N-fertiliser). A typical flue gas desulphurization (FGD) method such as the wet limestone process cannot remove NOx and SO3 effectively (Ando, 1990), but the electron beam process removes SO2, SO3 and NOx simultaneously without generating waste water and CO2.


In this paper, an automatic finite element remeshing algorithm based on the bubble packing method is utilized for the purpose of numerical simulations of localized damage, because fine meshes are needed to represent the gradually concentrated damage. The bubble packing method introduces two parameters that easily control the remeshing criterion and the new mesh size. The refined area is determined by a posteriori error estimation utilizing the value obtained from Superconvergent Patch Recovery. The isotropic ductile damage theory, founded on continuum damage mechanics, is used for this damage analysis. It was successfully shown in the numerical examples (upsetting and extrusion problems) that the remeshing algorithm generates fine and regular meshes for the regions with distorted meshes and that the damage is localized in the refined zone. keyword: Bubble packing method, Remeshing, Continuum damage mechanics, localization, metal forming.


Wireless sensor network is an Emerging Technology. Sensor network is currently an active research area due to its application. For implementing "Grape health and high quality wine production monitoring System using wireless sensor network", we used two networks, one for the vineyard and another for the wine cellar. Traditionally this is done manually, but it is not feasible for large production. The use of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) make Grapes health monitoring in vineyard more easy. The project described here aims at improving the quality of the overall winemaking process by using an innovative infrastructure based on Wireless Sensor Networks. There are several characteristics of WSNs which make them suitable for this role. Today sensors allow gathering of such "health" characteristics as the quantity of received water, the moisture in the soil and in Air, the skin texture of grapes, Temperature, Humidity, Wind Speed & Wind Direction, etc. at different sensor nodes. Many of such sensor nodes have an embedded networking functionality. This allows the deployment of a large number of sensors in sparse geographical regions and automated information gathering at competitive lower cost.


Conventional polyacrylamide hydrogels prepared from the free radical polymerization between acrylamide and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) have been frequently used in the biochemical technique like the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to resolve protein mixtures. In this study, we have prepared an alternative polyacrylamide hydrogel from the cross-linking of acrylamide and N,N′-bisacrylylcystamine (BACy). In addition, we have compared the BACy-based hydrogel with the NMBA-based polyacrylamide hydrogel for their physical properties such as swelling ratio, shear modulus, crosslink density and morphology. Moreover, we further determined whether BACy-based polyacrylamide hydrogel could be applied to SDS-PAGE and proteomics research. The results showed that this type of hydrogel is capable of separating proteins and facilitates further in-gel protein digestion and the following protein identifications by mass spectrometry. In summary, our study provides a basis for the putative application of BACy-based hydrogels.


Many-valued algebra of Post is used to develop a ternary switching theory. The theory presented makes use of only three primitives defined by Post. A canonical form for expressing any arbitrary switching function is proposed along with the proof of functional completeness of these primitives.


In this study, we propose a new method for generating candidate solutions based on both the Cauchy and the Gaussian probability distributions in order...


Essential oils from Fennel fruit(Foeniculum vulgare Mill), Olibanum resin(Boswellia carteii Birew) and Needl Juniperus stem(Juniperus rigida Sieb.) were extracted by a supercritical fluid extraction system(SFE) and biological activity of each essential oils were observed. SFE technique was applied for the isolation and purification of nonpolar biologically active essential oils from each samples. The quantitative analysis of essential oils was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC/MS). About 60% of the growth of AGS and A549 cells were inhibited by adding 1.0g/l of the crude essential oils and below 40% was observed by the control. Cytotoxicity on human normal lung cell(HEL299) was scored as for the crude essential oils and 12% for control, respectively. It meant that the essential oils were more effective than the control in anti-mutagenecity tested by CHO V79 cells. The effect of the essential oils on the growth of nerve cells, PC12 was observed as follows: The viable cell density was about two times higher than control.


In 6 patients with uncomplicated gastric ulcer (GU) and 8 patients with GU complicated by acute bleeding morphohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of apudocytes of gastric mucous membrane in the ulcer, periulcer and remote zone was carried out with detection of morphofunctional changes predicting ulcer bleeding. It is established that G- and ECL-apudocytes hyperplasia and hyperfunction in these zones have stable, irreversible nature in gastric ulcer bleeding, and are reliable prognostic criteria of this complication.


We describe two apparati: one serves to measure, the other to stabilize the rotations of light beams with a sensitivity which may surpass a hundredth of a second of arc.


There have been analyzed the concept and legal mechanism of satisfaction of legal needs, and also demonstrated their main classifications. Such needs have been defined as the needs of people in high-quality legal regulation, as well as in legal assistance. It has been highlighted the role (possibilities) of each of the main elements (means) of the mechanism of legal regulation in satisfaction of legal human needs, namely: legal personality ( l egal competence and dispositive legal capacity); legal norm (placed either in normative legal acts, or in contracts, or in case-law cases, etc.); legal relationships; subjective legal rights; legal responsibilities; legal facts as grounds for the emergence, change or termination of such rights); law and order; legalism. Quality as a characteristic of legal regulation is reflected by the following indicators: 1) the value; 2) economy; 3) effectiveness. In addition, it has been determined that the need for legal assistance is conditioned by the need to ensure lawful, competent implementation of human rights and freedoms, their protection and restoration in case of violation.


reflects consistent, intensive processing of reindeer and horse in order to exploit fat reserves and meat, as well as the importation of 'architecturally/industrially important' mammoth bone into the site. The latter are argued to have been used to build a cache, large bones being placed over ivory rods and tusk rings in a bone pile near the cave's south-western entrance, suggesting anticipated re-use of the cave for ivory artefact production. However, although the sub-title of the book suggests that it concerns contrasts in the subsistence practices of Neanderthals and modern humans, few such inferences are drawn, and, as Niven herself emphasises, the Middle Palaeolithic assemblage from the site is unsuitable for addressing such issues. Other than completeness in terms of data publication, one wonders why material from these levels (and the Magdalenian deposits) is included at all; perhaps much of this volume would have sat better within a larger monograph bringing together all the information from the re-analysis of the Vogelherd material. These observations aside, this book does represent a detailed and valuable study of subsistence practices at a specific locale during the earliest Aurignacian.


The invention discloses a mobile communication terminal, a message notification control method and a device thereof. The message notification control method of the mobile communication terminal comprises the steps of detecting whether an application program installed on the mobile communication terminal acquires system service; if so, judging whether the application program has a message push permission; if so, allowing the application program to obtain message push service; if not, prohibiting the application program to obtain the message push service. Through the mobile communication terminal, the message notification control method and the device thereof, the effect on shielding of notification messages of a mobile terminal is efficiently achieved.


On September 21, the Korean Supreme Court declared void the standardized term which prescribes a client(defendant) to pay the full contingent fee if she/he comes to terminate the proceeding by transaction with the other party without any notice to or permission from her/his attorney(plaintiff). However, the Court see to it that the attorney`s claim for liquidated damages, as they were individually agreed by the plaintiff and the defendant, are enforceable, only after reduced nearly to the half according to art. 378 II of the Korean Civil Code. The comparative studies show there are great gaps concerning contingent fee agreements and quota litis(champerty) pacts among countries and periods. Roman, french, austrian, german, and english jurists have generally been passive, on the ground of bonnes moeurs or public policy, in admitting those agreements, while american lawyers prefer to taking use of them. By the way, a change seems as the society develops. For example, the German Federal Constitutional Court held that the legal prohibition of quota litis pacts infringed the freedom of enterprise, in that the law prohibits such agreements without exception. Returning to the recent Korean case above mentioned, the author raises a question of construction or problem-solving methodology, in that the Court allowed the plaintiff to claim the liquidated damages on one hand, denying all the validness of contingent fee agreement and other standardized terms in conflict with the public policy expressed in the ensemble of mandatory statutes on the other hand. Considering that the principle of individual agreement`s priority be placed among interpretation control schemes, in the case considered, the full enforceability of the liquidated damages clause, only because of its having been individually agreed, could not be supported; in the author`s opinion, the quantum meruit or quasi-negotium gestum might be alternative.


A scanning probe microscope has been integrated into a microwave resonator tunable from 2.2 to 3.4 GHz with a quality factor Q larger than 1000. Nonlinear phenomena caused generation of higher harmonics when rf fields in the range of 109 V/m were applied between tip and sample. Higher harmonic signals were detected at a bandwidth of 10 kHz on conductor surfaces as well as on thin insulating films and were used as feedback to the control loop for imaging graphite surface features and oxidized silicon surfaces with subnanometer resolution.


This research was conducted to provide information to stakeholders about the sustainability of mining and oil companies in Indonesia. Thus, the financial distress model (Altman Z-score) was adopted in this study to predict bankruptcy potential in mining and oil companies in Indonesia. This research uses descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The population in this study consists of mining and oil companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the 2010-2018 period. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique. The results of the data calculation show that working capital to total assets (X1), retained earnings to total assets (X2), earnings before interest and taxes to total assets (X3), market value of equity to book value of debt (X4), and sales to total assets (X5) has a positive value. This means that all mining and petroleum companies in the sample have a very healthy financial condition and indicate that the company is in the non- bankrupt company category. This study only analyses financial statements (fundamental analysis), thus ignoring the cost of capital. This will make it difficult to know whether a company has succeeded in creating value or not.


This investigation was designed to assess the validity of the Sports Inventory for Pain (SIP; Meyers, Bourgeois, Stewart, & LeUnes, 1992). Study 1 used SIP responses to predict three objective measures of pain coping: pain threshold, pain tolerance, and the perception of a fixed, submaximal level of painful stimulation. Participants were 70 undergraduate volunteers (35 females, 35 males). Although two SIP subscales (Cognitive and Body Awareness) were related to at least one pain measure, another subscale (Coping) was negatively related to pain tolerance (opposite of predictions), and the composite HURT scores were not related to any of the pain measures. In Study 2,41 participants (31 females, 10 males) completed a wall sit (phantom chair) task and the SIP approximately 1 month after initially filling out the SIP. Test-retest reliabilities of the SIP were acceptable (average r = .75), but responses on the SIP did not predict performance on the painful physical endurance task. In Study 3, 54 participants (...


An IP core of an 8-channel 10-bit SAR ADC is designed in this paper.An optimal Resister-Capacitor hybrid D/A structure based on their good qualities and disadvantage,this kind of D/A structure has smaller size than Capacitor-Resister hybrid structure.A comparator with resetting and clapping method on the basis of conventional preamplifier and flip-latch,which is consisted of an quasi-differential structure is developed.These proposed methods are validated by the result of simulation with HSPICE.The design adopts 0.13 μm CMOS technology,operates with 2.5V analog power and 1.2V digital power supply.The simulation results show that this design can achieve 10-bit resolution.The area of IP core is 480 μm*380 μm,at FF case,Power Dissipation is 540μW.As a result,ADC design with low-power consumption and small area is implemented.


The suggested method provides experimental – calculating definition of pessimistic estimation of the expected size of electromagnetic energy reflection factor of microwave range from the synthesized piecewise-homogeneous environment - covering of composite material on the metal substrate on factors values of reflection and factors of covering layers passage preliminary measured experimentally. This method allows to design coverage with necessary properties and determine the necessary amount of layers for achievement of necessary result.


The transportation sector, and commercial vehicles in particular, play an important role in global CO2 emissions. For this reason, the EU recently decided to reduce CO2 emissions from commercial vehicles by 30% until 2030. One alternative to conventional diesel propulsion is the usage of stoichiometric natural gas combustion. Due to the lowered C/H ratio and the cost effective exhaust after treatment (EAT) in form of a three way catalyst (TWC), less CO2 is emitted and it is possible to comply even with most stringent NOX legislations. However, the stoichiometric combustion of natural gas has also disadvantages. In particular, the throttling and retarded 50 % mass fuel burned (MFB50) positions due to knocking lead to efficiency losses. One way to minimize these is the usage of exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR), Miller cycle and water injection. The reduced knocking tendency allows the geometric compression ratio to be increased further, which leads to an additional efficiency advantage. However, the above-mentioned measures in combination have not yet been investigated holistically on commercial vehicle engines. The aim of this project was therefore to evaluate the above-mentioned measures both experimentally and simulatively for future concepts. The experimental part was already been shown by the author in an earlier publication, in which experimental tests were carried out on a single-cylinder commercial vehicle engine. These results have now been used to calibrate a predictive combustion and knock model. Using a validated air path model of a commercial vehicle engine from MAN Truck & Bus, these three technologies are now transferred to a full engine and the effects with a realistic turbocharging system are investigated. The results with the reference turbocharger show, that Miller valve timing has a higher potential for increasing efficiency compared to EGR, which can be mainly attributed to improved utilization of the exhaust gas enthalpy and lowered unburned gas temperatures which reduces knocking. With a specially designed two-stage turbocharging system for Miller valve timing, the compression ratio could be increased which leads to an additional efficiency increase. Thus, an efficiency improvement of 4.8 % points compared to the reference natural gas engine configuration could be achieved. This corresponds to a CO2 reduction of 19 % compared to a conventional commercial vehicle diesel engine.


Signomial discrete programming (SDP) problems arise frequently in a variety of real applications. Although many optimization techniques have been developed to solve an SDP problem, they use too many binary variables to reformulate the problem for finding a globally optimal solution or can only derive a local or an approximate solution. This article proposes a global optimization method to solve an SDP problem by integrating an efficient linear expression of single variable discrete functions and convexification techniques. An SDP problem can be converted into a convex mixed-integer programming problem solvable to obtain a global optimum. Several illustrative examples are also presented to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed method.


Objective To assess the validity of CRB-65 (Confusion, Respiratory rate >30 breaths/min, BP<90/60 mmHg, age >65 years) as a pneumonia severity index in a Malawian hospital population, and determine whether an alternative score has greater accuracy in this setting. Design Forty three variables were prospectively recorded during the first 48 hours of admission in all patients admitted to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Malawi, for management of lower respiratory tract infection over a two month period (N = 240). Calculation of sensitivity and specificity for CRB-65 in predicting mortality was followed by multivariate modeling to create a score with superior performance in this population. Results Median age 37, HIV prevalence 79.9%, overall mortality 18.3%. CRB-65 predicted mortality poorly, indicated by the area under the ROC curve of 0.649. Independent predictors of death were: Male sex, "S" (AOR 2.6); Wasting, "W" (AOR 6.6); non-ambulatory, "A" (AOR 2.5); Temp >38°C or <35°C, "T" (AOR 3.2); BP<100/60, "Bp" (AOR 3.7). Combining these factors to form a severity index (SWAT-Bp) predicted mortality with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC: 0.867). Mortality for scores 0–5 was 0%, 3.3%, 7.4%, 29.2%, 61.5% and 87.5% respectively. A score ≥3 was 84% sensitive and 77% specific for mortality prediction, with a negative predictive value of 95.8%. Conclusion CRB-65 performs poorly in this population. The SWAT-Bp score can accurately stratify patients; ≤2 indicates non-severe infection (mortality 4.4%) and ≥3 severe illness (mortality 45%).


Previously, we had shown that inhibition of PLC activity impaired the ability of insulin to activate ERK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In this study, we confirmed that the insulin receptor and PLC-1 are physically associated in hIRcB fibroblasts, insulin stimulates PLC-1 enzyme activity, and inhibition of PLC activity impairs activation of ERK. We subsequently investigated whether PLC-1 is required for insulin-stimulated mitogenesis. First, inhibition of PLC activity using U73122 impairs the ability of insulin to stimulate DNA synthesis. Second, disruption of the interaction of the insulin receptor with PLC-1 by microinjection of SH2 domains derived from PLC-1 or Grb2 but not Shc similarly blocks insulin-induced DNA synthesis. Third, microinjection of neutralizing antibodies to PLC-1 blocks DNA synthesis, but nonneutralizing antibodies do not. The blockade in all three cases is rescued by synthetic diacylglycerols but not by inositol-1,4,5trisphosphate, indicating a requirement for PLC enzyme activity. These experimental data point to a requirement for PLC-1 in insulin-stimulated mitogenesis in hIRcB cells. (Endocrinology 143: 655– 664, 2002)


In order to study the vibration characterization of a spindle motor, the rotor runout must be measured accurately. In this paper, a method based on measurement uncertainty is presented to evaluate different measurement systems and measurement confidence. The principle optic interferometer (iRVM) system is introduced in this paper, which is based on optical interference technology. The results of the iRVM are compared with another two methods that make use of capacitance probe and laser Doppler velocimetry.


in order to fully optimize the BP neural network, and make it have better generalization performance, we improve and design a genetic BP neural network, the algorithm is given, and their crossover operator was improved. And this method is applied in identifying lithology, the experimental results show that this method increases the algorithm convergence speed and effect, and it has certain practical value.


Organic chemistry was an important basic course for chemistry,chemical engineering and other related majors.It was very important to keep improving the organic chemistry teaching effect for improving the teaching quality and the student's professional quality.A shallow discussion was proposed,which was about the way to improve teaching effect,such as cultivating interests,logical thinking,cooperative learning and using multimedia and so on.


We present studies of two- and three-stage interband cascade thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates. The absorbers were composed of InAs-GaSb-Al0.8In0.2Sb-GaSb superlattices. The thin layers of AlInSb inserted into the superlattice enable the devices to have a relatively short cutoff wavelength of 3.0 μm at room temperature. In addition, the absorber lengths of the cascade stages were varied across the structure in order to achieve better photocurrent matching between stages. The devices' photovoltaic properties were investigated with both a broadband blackbody source, and a mid-infrared laser with an emission wavelength within kbT of the absorber bandgap. We observe that the three-stage devices can achieve higher values of output power than the two-stage devices, despite a certain mismatch of photocurrent between the stages. In addition, these three-stage devices are able to achieve values of open-circuit voltage comparable to widerbandgap GaSb-based TPV devices at significantly lower values of the short-circuit current density.


The system covers all areas of financial accounting activities related to the budget. Therefore, all transactions in the local government should be an adequate bookkeeping system as a supporter of regional financial accountability, until the published financial statements. Standard analysis of expenditures / costs originated from the direction of public policy and government budgets are then developed in the strategy and priority development programs and activities that have defined the local government. Furthermore, Standard Analysis Expenditure (ASB) is a standard or guideline that is used to analyze the reasonableness of the workload or cost of any program or activity conducted in a budget year. Assessment of the ASB budget includes two things: fairness, reasonableness of workload and cost. One approach that can be used to assess the reasonableness of the standard expenditure analysis is Activity Based Costing (ABC). Activity Based Costing (ABC) is the pricing of goods or the cost of the activity based budget. This means that a trigger activity costs (cost drivers) in the approach to Activity Based Costing (ABC's). Approach Activity Based Costing (ABC) is a technique for quantitatively measuring costs and performance of an activity (the cost and performance of activities) and the allocation of resources and costs, whether by operation and by administrative personnel. It is expected that using Activity Based Costing (ABC) in determining the standard analysis of expenditure will be prepared budget revenues and government spending (budget) in an efficient and effective. Keywords: Standard Analysis Expenditure (ASB), Activity Based Costing  (ABC) and Local Expenditures Budget (Budget)


This sequential explanatory mixed-methods study determined the factors and levels of student engagement among the 493 students in Northwestern Mindanao State College of Science and Technology, Tangub City, Philippines. The quantitative data gathered using survey questionnaires revealed the following: the students' levels of perception on the importance of competence, autonomy, relatedness, student-teacher transaction, and student-institution transaction to students' engagement are very important; the levels of affective engagement, cognitive engagement, and behavioral engagement are very high, and social engagement is high; the factors and levels of student engagement have positive correlation; and the student-teacher transaction is the best predictor of student engagement. Using in-depth interviews of 12 participants picked using criterion purposive sampling, the qualitative data, analyzed using Braun and Clarke analysis, arrived at nine themes for the importance of the factors to students' engagement and 15 themes for the students' engagement in the four dimensions. The factors of student engagement are important since students are given the freedom to accomplish their dreams and develop themselves through good relationships with classmates, desirable personal and professional qualities of the teachers, and the support of the college. The students' engagement in the four dimensions can be attributed to the goals that they have to achieve, the support from teachers and the school, their active participation, the guidance from the more knowledgeable others and the harmonious relationship with peers. It is recommended that the College invest in various support services to create a pleasant learning environment, devote itself to faculty training to prepare them for teaching, and implement activities that will enhance student engagement.


This article is documentation of the personal professional reflection processes as well as staff discussions reflecting the staff's ongoing efforts to improve the quality of teaching in the teacher education programme at the University of Bergen. The documentation is two-dimensional: video clips have been inserted into the traditional text form. This allows the reader to personally view the discussed issues and thus better form a personal opinion of the situation, without having to rely solely on written documentation and the authors' subjective analysis. The authors claim is that video-paper as a form for publication allows for a more comprehensive presentation of the data and enables the reader to examine the documentation on which the authors base their reflections and discussions. The validity of the findings is improved as they are open to examination by a wider audience.


Forty male mice(6-week-old) were randomly assigned into four groups according to the body weight.The control group,the high-fat diet group(crude fat contain 18%),the LA 1 group(high-fat diet with 0.05% LA) and the LA 2 group(high-fat diet with 0.1% LA).After 5 weeks feed,the metabolism experiment was carried out.6 weeks later,the level of the free radical in organizations of the digestive system and the activity of protease,lipase and amylase in the digestive tract were detected.The results showed that feeding the mice with high-fat diet in long-term could improve the level of the free radical in the mice digestive system(P0.05) and the activity of the lipase in the digestive tract significantly(P0.05),decrease the activity of the protease and amylase(P0.05),decline the digestibility of the fat,protein(P0.05) and the sedimentation rate of the protein(P0.05).Adding 0.05% LA into the high-fat diet could incline the level of the free radical remarkably,enhance the activity of these enzymes and digestibility of the fat,protein and the sedimentation rate of the protein(P0.05).Adding 0.1% LA into the high-fat diet can recover the level of free radical up to normal level.It was concluded that the high-fat diet could significantly increase the production of the free radical in the mice digestive system,decrease the activity of the digestive enzymes and the absorption of the nutrition.While adding the optimum LA into the high-fat diet could get rid of these disadvantage and relieve the oxidative stress.


Prior research on victimization in the United States has generally neglected two key areas—victimization among juveniles and young adults and the connection between offending and victimization. The research presented here fuses these two concerns by examining the effect of delinquent lifestyles on the criminal victimization of teenagers and young adults. An examination of longitudinal data from the first five waves of the National Youth Survey suggests that adolescent involvement in delinquent lifestyles strongly increases the risk of both personal and property victimization. Further, the analysis reveals that a significant proportion of the risk of victimization incurred by different demographic subgroups—especially males—results from greater involvement in lifestyles characterized by delinquency. The authors conclude that victimization patterns among youths cannot be understood apart from criminal and deviant activities.


The anti-HIV nucleoside lamivudine was asymmetrically synthesized in only three steps via a novel surfactant-treated subtilisin Carlsberg-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution protocol. The enantiomer of lamivudine could also be accessed using the same protocol catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B.


This paper considers the emergence of Mount Athos' monk elders in Greek society in recent decades until the current economic crisis. Their social influence has grown over these decades, especially after some of them were recognized as charismatic and gerontismos (elderism) became one of the most important forms of religious discourse in contemporary Greek society. These elders were presented as a kind of cultural resistance in the service of an alternative economy of desire. This analysis suggests that they have ultimately worked in the service of a series of individual or collective fantasies of power and pleasure within Greek society. The theoretical tools informing this analysis are the product of a dialog between symbolic anthropology and Lacanian theory.


In the eyes of regional and international authorities, the situation in New Caledonia today has changed markedly since the United Nations Committee on Decolonisation reregistered New Caledonia on its list of "non autonomous territories" in 1986. In the 1980s, the negative image that France acquired as a result of nuclear testing and the Greenpeace affair meant that calls for independence by New Caledonian freedom fighters were received sympathetically by neighbouring states. Although New Caledonia has been a French possession since 1853, it is situated in an Englishspeaking zone where many neighbouring states have attained independence (Fiji in 1970, Papua New Guinea in 1975, the Solomon Islands in 1978, Vanuatu in 1980). New Caledonia thus appeared to be in an anomalous situation despite the number of associated states or territories elsewhere in the Pacific (American Micronesia, American Samoa, Easter Island, Niue and Tokelau, and the other French Overseas Territories). Since 1986 there have been a number of changes: nuclear testing in French Polynesia has ceased; Australian foreign policy has changed; French diplomacy in Fiji and Vanuatu has become more dynamic; internal crises have arisen in Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Fiji; in contrast, the political situation in New Caledonia has been generally positive. On 13 July 1995, the Committee on Decolonisation announced that it was pleased "with the extent of the constructive measures that the French authorities are taking in New Caledonia ... in order to create a favourable environment for a peaceful progression towards self-determination". Yet, while diplomatic pressure undoubtedly partly explains France's policy, New Caledonia's insularity limits its influence and the regional stakes are not such that regional players can impose paradoxical behaviour on the French state. The purpose of this paper is not to examine New Caledonian society or identity or the history of the (political) "events" of 1984-1989 but to contribute to an understanding of the current political situation in an archipelago which is no longer an Overseas Territory and yet not an independent state either. I question whether the three partners to the Matignon and Noumea Accords have been able to capitalise on the "bet on intelligence" the reasoned cohabitation which they imposed upon themselves in 1988. After examining the implementation of the Matignon and Noumea Accords, I broach the subject of recent political developments in New Caledonia. FRÉDÉRIC ANGLEVIEL


Antisense oligonucleotides have been successfully employed to inhibit and modulate specifically gene expression.However,many classes of oligonucleotides are polyanions,so they cannot cross over cell membrane.Until now,several methods have been developed to improve the intracellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides.In this paper,the use of synthetic polymer and special methods to improve the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides were discussed.


Dorsokinetic backrest (1) for a seating (10), in particular for an office chair, with a backrest support (2) and with a base plate (3), to which a dorsokinetisches bearing (4) is provided, wherein between the backrest support (2) and base plate (3) a common linear guide (5) is provided, which allows a single degree of freedom (F) has a height displacement of the base plate (3) relative to the backrest support (2), and wherein between the backrest support (2) and a common locking means (6) is provided base plate (3) for locking the base plate (3) relative to the backrest support (2) at different predetermined positions of the linear guide (5) is formed.


For the past few years, special attention has been given to chemical composites involved in interaction between plants, especially when the potential of their use in weed management is known. The Amazon region with its enormous biodiversity and abundance of plant species may offer excellent opportunities for the discovery of innovative chemical molecules capable of being used in agriculture. Thus, in this paper, a comparative analysis was made between the potential allelopathic activity of three species of Copaifera, characterizing the variations of the intensity of the allelopathic effects of the donating species, plant fraction and chemical component polarity. Hexanic and ethanolic extracts, prepared at 1.0% from the leaves, branches and barks of Copaifera duckei, C. martii and C. reticulata, were tested on seed germination and development of Mimosa pudica and Senna obtusifolia weed roots. The results showed that the intensity of the effects varied according to the variables studied. The ethanolic extract of C. martii and C. reticulata leaves and barks showed high potential to inhibit seed germination, especially of M. pudica species. The species C. duckei showed low allelopathic inhibitory potential in the germination of two receptor species. Barks, branches and especially leaves of C. duckei presented more expressive inhibitory potential for root development. Polar, and especially non-polar chemical composites, are involved in the allelopathic activity of C. duckei. Differently for C. martii and C. reticulata, the polar composites are preferentially involved in the inhibitory activity evidenced by these species, especially those located on the leaves and barks. Comparatively, it was observed that the weed species receptor tended to show more sensitivity to the allelopathic effects of the extracts, especially in the germination bioassay.


The interfacial reactions and thermodynamic properties of the emulsion liquid membrane on separation and concentration of chromium (III) were discussed. Interfacial chemical reaction equations of membrane phase with P204 and mass transfer mechanism of ELM system were determined. The extraction reaction enthalpy is 11.41 kJmol1, while stripping reaction enthalpy is-143.65 kJmol1, were obtained by investigating reaction temperature on the distribution ratio under two different conditions. So extraction is an endothermic process and stripping is an exothermic process. And the main driving force of the separation system is the concentration gradient of hydrogen ion between external and internal phase interface.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant neoplasm with an extremely poor prognosis. Considerable evidence in literature suggests a relationship between nutrition and cancer. Many epidemiological studies suggested that an increased consumption of vitamin A and carotenoids may prevent the development of a wide range of cancers. The objective of this work, therefore, was to review in the scientific literature the effects of vitamin A and carotenoids on hepatocarcinogenesis. A number of studies suggests that retinol acts as an agent that controls both cellular proliferation and differentiation, which may affect carcinogenesis. The antitumor action of vitamin A and carotenoids can be correlated with an enhancement of the immune response, gap junction communications, antioxidant properties and protection against pre-neoplasic changes. The cancer chemopreventive action in individuals with life-threatening liver disease, such as those with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, may offer longer survival time and a better prognosis.


Hybrid-exchange density functional theory calculations are carried out to determine the effects of A-site doping on the electronic and magnetic properties of the manganite series ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\text{\ensuremath{-}}x}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}$${\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$. This study focuses on the ground state of an ordered Ca occupancy in a periodic structure. It is shown that the hybrid-exchange functional, Becke three-parameter Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP), provides an accurate and consistent description of the electronic structure for ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{CaMnO}}_{3}$, and ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.75}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.25}$${\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$. We have quantified the relevant structural, magnetic, and electronic energy contributions to the stability of the doped compound. An insight into the exchange coupling mechanism for the low hole density region of the phase diagram, where a polaron (anti-Jahn-Teller) forms, is also provided. This study completes a microscopic description of the lightly doped insulator with an antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic and metal-to-insulator transition.