_________________________________________ _ Introduction ______________________________________ _ Physical features ______________________________ _ Climate and vegetation _________________________ _ Water supp.ly _________________________________ _ Previous work _________________________________ _ Fieldwork and acknowledgments _________________ _ Regional setting-----------------------------------General concepts ______________________________ _ Carbonate {eastern) assemblage _____________ _ Siliceous and volcanic (western) assemblage ___ _ Transitional assemblage ____________________ _ Overlap assemblage ________________________ _ General geology ___________________________________ _ Sedimentary rocks _____________________________ _ Siliceous and volcanic assemblage ___ . _________ _ Cambrian System ______________________ _ Scott Canyon Formation ___________ _ Ordovician System _____________________ _ Valmy Formation __________________ _ Silurian System ________________________ _ Devonian System ______________________ _ Transitional assemblage ____________________ _ Cambrian System ________ . ______________ _ Harmony Formation _______________ _ Ordovician System _____________________ _ Silurian System ________________________ _ Devonian and Mississippian Systems _____ _ Overlap assemblage ________________________ _ Antler sequence _______________________ _ Battle Formation __________________ _ Antler Peak Limestone _____________ _ Edna Mountain Formation _________ _ Havallah sequence ___________________ -___ -_ Pennsylvanian(?) SyRtem _______________ _ Pumpernickel Formation ___________ _ Pennsylvanian and Permian Systems ____ _ Havallah Formation _______________ _ Jory Member _________________ _ Trenton Canyon Member _______ _ Mill Can you Member __________ _ Age and correlation·___________ _ Quaternary System _____ -______________ -_-_ Quaternary deposits _____________ -_-_-_-_ Igneous rocks _________________________________ _ Igneous rocks of Paleozoic age_ .. _____________ _ Diabase ______________________________ _ Gabbro _______________________________ _ Page


This article discusses the principles of therapeutic, scientific, pedagogical and organizational medical activities of V. F. Vojno-Yasenetsky as the embodiment of his ethical ideals.


Objective:To explore the effect of drinking green tea on infection and hemodynamic for patients with primary nephrotic syndrome.Methods:217 hospitalized patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College were enrolled in this study.They were randomly divided into two groups according to numerical table.The control group(107 patients) received hormones,routine care and anticoagulation therapy,while the experimental group(110 patients) received drinking green tea at the same time.The effects were evaluated from the incidence of complication,blood lipids and hemodynamic changes.Results:Blood lipids and hemodynamic changes in the experimental group were better than that in the control group after 18 months of treatment and care,and there were significant differences between them(P0.01).The incidence of infection was 20.00% in patients with infection,while the control group the rate was 33.64%,and there were significant differences between them(P0.05).Conclusion:Drinking green tea can significantly reduce the incidence of infection and improve the treatment effect for patients with primary nephrotic syndrome,and achieve the goal of improving quality of life.


This thesis is talking about Implementation Of Verdict The Constitutional Court Number 65/PPU-VIII/2010 About Expanded Definition Of Witnesses In The Criminal Justice Process In Yogyakarta District Court. The court argued that Article 1 number 26 and number 27, Code of Criminal Procedure give limitation and eliminate the opportunity for defendant to present any defense witnesses for them. Under the terms of the Constitutional Court made a breakthrough, where the witness who did not see, did not hear, and did not experience for themselves an incident that can occur testified.The type of this thesis is the normative methods
with data collection process through reading and taking notes from books, documents, literature, legal regulations, and the interview. In this thesis, there had been found some results of the research are The Court (Judge), Attorney and advocate was able to execute with good decision although, there are several obstacles that trouble for a judge to decided a criminal case. As the legal considerations in decisions and a de charge witnesses the defendant submitted constrained distances from District Court or a de charge witnesses a public official
who could not attend is because his work.


Boerhaave's syndrome is a rare but life-threatening condition which presents a diagnostic as well as therapeutic challenge. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical repair are critical for survival; however late recognition of esophageal rupture is not unusual. A variety of nonsurgical approaches have been proposed, particularly in the case of delayed diagnosis. In recent years, the insertion of a metallic stent has been described as a promising modality in the treatment of spontaneous esophageal rupture. We report three cases of Boerhaave's syndrome treated with self-expandable metallic stents and review previously published cases.


Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) with renal stones and failed shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL) is a challenging problem. We present a case of ADPKD with large renal stones treated by flexible ureteroscopy and holmium laser lithotripsy, which is usually used to treat renal stones of < 20 mm. This 68-year-old female had suffered from recurrent urinary tract infection and pain on the right side of kidney after several sessions of failed SWL. The imaging study showed a case of ADPKD with two large renal stones (one 30 mm and the other 20 mm in length) in the right-side renal pelvis. We treated the stones using flexible ureteroscopy with holmium laser nephrolithotripsy, which disintegrated the stones into multiple fragments. A second session of ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy was conducted 30 days later for 2 obstructing residual ureteral stones. She was stone-free at 30 days and 15 months after the last treatment. We recommend flexible ureteroscopy with holmium laser nephrolithotripsy as a valuable alternative for renal stones of > 20 mm in selective cases of ADPKD.


Functional BIST is a promising solution for self-testing complex digital systems at reduced costs in terms of area and performance degradation. The present paper addresses the computation of optimal seeds for an arbitrary sequential module to be used as a hardware test pattern generator. Up to now, only linear feedback shift registers and accumulator based structures have been used for deterministic test pattern generation by reseeding. In this paper, a method is proposed which can be applied to general finite state machines. Nevertheless the method is absolutely general, for sake of comparison with previous approaches, in this paper an accumulator based unit is assumed as pattern generator module. Experiments prove the effectiveness of the approach which outperforms previous results for accumulators, in terms of test size and test time, without sacrificing the fault detection capability.


By exceeding physiological limits of temperature, electrolyte concentration, pH, and chemical composition, considerable variation in agglutinability of various species of erythrocytes may be exhibited by strains of influenza viruses. While these phenomena may be partially referable to different phases of virus variation (Briody, 1948; Magill and Sugg, 1948), the hemagglutinating behavior toward sheep cells, for example, is sufficiently distinctive from that shown by other mammalian and avian erythrocytes to suggest distribution differences in virus receptors on these types of cells. The present observations represent an attempt to correlate by quantitative means the hemagglutination of both sheep and fowl red cells by the PR8 strain of influenza virus.


When a new mineral law regime was introduced by the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 ('MPRDA') the previous system of common law mineral rights, prospecting rights, mining rights and statutory rights was completely superseded by a new administrative system whereby the common law mineral rights were replaced by similar prospecting and mining rights granted by the Minister of Mineral Resources, and the statutory authorisations to exercise such rights were fused into the prospecting or mining right thus granted. The transition from the old order to the new mineral law regime was made possible by the transitional arrangements included in Schedule II to the MPRDA. Transition was necessary to prevent the disruption of an important sector of the economy until existing prospecting and mining operations could be regulated in terms of the MPRDA. In this article, features of the three categories of transitional rights ('old order rights') in relation to their acquisition, nature, content, transfer and termination are examined in the light of recent case law. By a process of analogical reasoning 'old older rights' will be compared with common law mineral rights, prospecting and mining rights and new order rights granted in terms of MPRDA. The contentious issue of the manner and moment of expropriation of transitional rights will be touched upon briefly at the end of the article.


The aim of this research is to know: (1) Difference of motivation of students learned using problem based learn integrated to animation media with motivate of students learned using problem based learn without media. (2) Difference result of learning students learned use problem based learn integrated to animation media with result of learning students learned use problem based learn without media. (3) Effectifity result of learning students learned use problem based learn integrated to animation media compared to result of learning students learned use problem based learning without media. The population of research is all students of class X SMA in the first semester years of study 2010/2011, and the sample of research is all population of SMA Al Washliyah 1 Medan consists of 2 classes amount 60 students behalf in 2 classes of sample. The experiment class 1 learned use problem based learn integrated to animation media, the experiment class 2 learned using problem based learn without media. The data of research from the sample is motivation data from questionnaire, and result of learning students from test result of learning students is multiple choice. The data test technic is use Independent Sample T Test in significant 0,05 use software SPSS 15 version. Result of hypothesis examination indicate that: (1) There are not significant difference intrinsic motivation of students learned using problem based learn integrated to animation media with motivation of students learned use problem based learn without media indicated by value of proportion Asymp. Sig. 0,49 > 0,05. (2) Extrinsic motivation of students learned use problem based learn integrated to animation media better than motivate of students learned using problem based learn without media indicated by value of proportion Asymp. Sig. 0,00 > 0,05. (3) Result of learning students learned using problem based learn integrated to animation media better than result of learning students learned using problem based learn without media indicated by value of proportion Asymp. Sig. 0,00 < 0,05. (4) Problem based learn integrated to animation media more effective than problem based learn without media.


"From an instructor's perspective (and also from the student's perspective) a course is rarely satisfying unless there is some 'big idea' that seems to hold the disparate elements together." [3,Pg.78]. This big idea is often lacking in a traditional introductory abstract data type (ADT) course, as students frequently perceive it to be a study of disjoint topics - a collection of ADTs. This paper proposes a context, indeed a methodology, for providing a unifying view of the topics and their significance, while suggesting an emphasis on the abstract nature, and design, of ADT's. Simultaneously, it supports a set of broad themes and recurring concepts which offer a unifying perspective on the pair of courses CS1 and CS2, and which establish fundamental ideas and skills pervasive throughout further studies in computing science.


A randomized selection of Scottish clergy were sent questionnaires on the education and training they had received, before and after ordination, in the care of the dying. The results suggest that in recentyears such training has increased, but is still seen as inadequate, and the implications of these findings are discussed.


In this paper, we describe a hierarchical architecture that can potentially scale peer-to-peer (P2P) networks to large numbers of peer nodes and contents. Two principles are followed: network routing reflects content clustering, and content placement reflects usage locality. We reason how these principles can lead to scalable P2P networks, and show techniques of implementing them.


The heat capacity of N-dimethylaminodiborane was determined in the temperature range from 17° to 285°K by means of an adiabatic calorimeter. A first-order solid-solid transition was found at 199.9 ± 0.1 OK, with a latent heat of 7794 abs j moleI. The trip lepoint temperaturc was found to be 218.4 ± 0.2°K , and the heat of fusion to be 1,408 ± 30 abs j moleI. The measurements of the heat of vapo ri zation at 271.60 0 K (94.3 mIll Hg) yielded 30,119 ± 30 abs j mole I. The results of the vapor-press ure meas urements from 220° to 290 0 K can be represent ed by the equation


[Objective]To investigate the significance of transcranial doppler(TCD)used in the diagnosis of cerebral artery stenosis induced by hypertension or diabetes.[Methods]122 patients with cerebral artery stenosis induced by hypertension and/or diabetes were examined by TCD and Digital Subtraction Angiography(DSA). The changes of intracranial vascular were observed.[Results]1025 cerebral vessels were tested in these 122 patients. Among the 165 vessels with intracranial artery stenosis tested by TCD,the diagnoses of 129 vessels were the same as those by DSA. 16 intracranial arteries showed stenosis by DSA,which were normal by TCD. The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TCD were 81.2%,93.6%,95.3% and 95.3%,respectively. TCD had the higher sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of MCA and VA stenosis,but it had the lower sensitivity in ACA and PCA stenosis. The vascular stenosis rates in the patients with hypertension and diabetes increased significantly.[Conclusion]TCD had a higher sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of intracranial artery stenosis,and it was more accuracy for diagnosis of MCA and VA stenosis than that of ACA and PCA.


Xpert Design & Diagnostics, LLC (XDD), & Conestoga-Rovers and Associates (CRA) conducted a biosparging field trial at a Superfund site in New Jersey. The biosparging field trial proved that biosparging with oxygen was very effective in promoting the biological destruction of benzene. The approximately 265-day period of oxygen injection successfully reduced benzene concentrations by several orders of magnitude, or even to non-detect values, at least 40 feet from the point of injection. Through co-precipitation of arsenic with oxidized iron, biosparging also effectively reduced total concentrations of arsenic and iron in groundwater. Based on the results of the biosparging field trial, the final remedy for the site has been amended to include the use of biosparging technology as an alternative to groundwater pumping and aboveground treatment in select locations. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,Inc.


Recently, downscaling global atmospheric model outputs (GCTM) for the USEPA Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Initial (IC) and Boundary Conditions (BC) have become practical because of the rapid growth of com- putational technologies that allow global simulations to be completed within a reasonable time. The traditional method of generating IC/BC by profile data has lost its advocates due to the weakness of the limited horizontal and vertical variations found on the gridded boundary layers. Theoret- ically, high quality GCTM IC/BC should yield a better re- sult in CMAQ. Unfortunately, several researchers have found that the outputs from GCTM IC/BC are not necessarily better than profile IC/BC due to the excessive transport of O 3 aloft in GCTM IC/BC. In this paper, we intend to investigate the effects of using profile IC/BC and global atmospheric model data. In addition, we are suggesting a novel approach to re- solve the existing issue in downscaling. In the study, we utilized the GEOS-Chem model out- puts to generate time-varied and layer-varied IC/BC for year 2002 with the implementation of tropopause determin- ing algorithm in the downscaling process (i.e., based on chemical (O3) tropopause definition). The comparison be-


(p. 244). In the medium term, over another five years, the government plans to build additional municipal sewage treatment capacity to clean 2.5 billion litres a day. This plan will enforce industrial effluent controls to protect wildlife, plant 30,000 hectares of forest in the watershed to reduce erosion and install 113 water monitoring stations. In the long term of about 10 years, the government plans to ensure adequate water flow (environmental flow or 'e-flow') in the rivers and improve the efficiency of irrigation (p. 245). Obviously, the success of Modi's ambitious plans to revive the Ganga will depend on effective implementation. This book is an essential read for those who care about rivers and environmental issues in India. In the closing chapter, giving examples from the Sundarbans delta, Mallet remarks further that increasing population and urbanisation, which cause depletion of forest cover in India, are an open invitation for natural disasters to happen. Together with water issues, India's future will depend on sustainable use of such basic resources.


"These three new textbooks appearing within a few weeks of each other bear eloquent witness of the activity of the teaching and study of history."


ABSTRACT Mutants of Escherichia coli lacking all of the known saturable K+ transport systems, "triple mutants," require elevated K+ concentrations for growth. K+ transport activity in such mutants, called TrkF activity, has low substrate specificity and a low rate that increases with increasing external pH. Attempts to isolate mutants requiring even higher concentrations of K+ failed, implying that either TrkF is essential or is composed of multiple minor K+ transport activities. Instead, we sought mutations that allowed triple mutants to grow at lower K+ concentrations. Mutations so identified include ones altering MscL, the large mechanosensitive channel, or Opp, the oligopeptide permease. However, a possible contribution of wild-type Opp and MscL to TrkF activity was not proven. In contrast, expression of wild-type ProP, TrkG, and TrkH proteins increased uptake when encoded on multicopy plasmids. In all of these situations, the driving force for K+ appeared to be the transmembrane electric potential, and in most cases substrate specificity was low; these are characteristics of TrkF activity. These results support the view that TrkF is composed of multiple, "aberrant" K+ transport activities, i.e., paths that, regardless of their physiological function, allow K+ to cross the cell membrane by a uniport process.


We present an object tracking system based on an edge model for the target characterization. The target position is estimated by looking for the model in the current image using a Hausdorff partial distance. Target is searched only in a sub-window of current edge image. Its boundaries are determined by Kalman filter estimation that uses target dynamics to predict the current position. We use a spiral searching strategy to find the actual position. The target model is updated in each iteration by using unidirectional partial distance from the image to the model. This model is refined by an enclosure operator in order to perform the target/background discrimination. The parameters of our system can be modified in an active way along the tracking task. The system is shown to be robust to illumination changes and pose variations. The system has been also embedded in a mobile robot for personal robotics applications and integrated in a real-time OS (3 Hz).


Abstract A finite element analysis of crack propagation in an HDPE/CaCo3 composite was carried out using a combination of the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the cohesive zone method (CZM). A unit cell of an entire composite consisting of one particle was chosen as the study zone. The interphase was assumed as a cohesive surface between the matrix and the particle. Variable parameters were the interface adhesion, position of initial crack, volume fraction, and size of the particle. The results showed that, the energy release rate increases when increasing the particle size. Increasing the volume fraction from 5 to 10% has positive effects in decreasing the strain energy release rate; however, the effects of 10 and 15% of volume fraction on the energy release rate are almost the same. Increasing the values of interfacial adhesion strength increases the strength of composite.


This paper investigates the effect of hybridising sampling algorithms with population-based meta-heuristics. Recent literature has shown that alternatives to the traditionally used pseudo-random number generators to generate the initial population of meta-heuristics can improve performance. However, most studies focus on sample sizes that are limited to the size of the initial populations. In contrast, this paper studies the effect of extended random initialisation, which uses relatively large samples and then initialises the meta-heuristics from the points in the sample with the best-found fitness values. A portfolio of three meta-heuristics, four sampling algorithms and three different sampling budgets are analysed from the fixed budget perspective on the BBOB benchmark suite. Statistical analysis of the results shows that the hybrid algorithms converge to better solutions than their non-hybrid counterparts. The results further indicate that large sample sizes can be used to generate landscape analysis features, ensuring reliable approximations of the investigated functions' properties without lessening the meta-heuristics' performance.


Abstract. Eighteenth-century English common-law courts used petit juries in civil litigation to try issues of fact or find damages after defendants defaulted. In colonial Virginia, county sheriffs impaneled potential jurors for trials of the issue; before trial, litigants selected a 12-man jury during voir dire. By contrast, juries on writs of inquiry to ascertain damages were selected solely by sheriffs and reached verdicts under the sheriff's supervision. Scholarly consensus holds juror selection to have been prejudiced, but pure probability predictions generated with hypergeometric distributions indicate that on writs of inquiry sheriffs often picked jurors in a functionally random manner. This article presents a new test for identifying bias in jury selection by identifying improbable numbers of magistrates, constables, and grand jurors.


The paper describes possibilities, which are provided by open APIs, and how to use them for creating unified interfaces which is based on recurrent neural network. In last decade AI technologies became widespread and easy to implement and use. One of the most perspective technology in the AI field is speech recognition as part of natural language processing. New speech recognition technologies and methods will become a central part of future life because they save a lot of communication time, replacing common texting with voice/audio. In addition, this paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of well-known chatbots. The method of their improvement is built. The algorithms sequence-to-sequense based on recurrent neural network is used. The time complexity of proposed algorithm is compared with existed one. Scientific novelty of the obtained results is the method for converting audio signals into text based on a sequential ensemble of recurrent encoding and decoding networks. The practical significance is the modified existing chatbot system for converting audio signals into text.


The fact that multi-core CPUs have become so common and that the number of CPU cores in one chip has continued to rise means that a server machine can easily contain an extremely high number of CPU cores. The CPU scalability of IT systems is thus attracting a considerable amount of research attention. Some systems, such as ACID-compliant DBMSs, are said to be difficult to scale, probably due to the mutual exclusion required to ensure data consistency. Possible countermeasures include latch-free (LF) data structures, an elemental technology to improve the CPU scalability by eliminating the need for mutual exclusion. This paper investigates these LF data structures with a particular focus on their applicability and effectiveness. Some existing LF data structures (such as LF hash tables) have been adapted to PostgreSQL, one of the most popular open-source DBMSs. The performance improvement was evaluated with a benchmark program simulating real-world transactions. Measurement results obtained from state-of-the-art 80-core machines demonstrated that the LF data structures were effective for performance improvement in a many-core situation in which DBT-1 throughput increased by about 2.5 times. Although the poor performance of the original DBMS was due to a severe latch-related bottleneck and can be improved by parameter tuning, it is of practical importance that LF data structures provided performance improvement without deep understanding of the target system behavior that is necessary for the parameter tuning.


It is shown that the Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS) spacetime has the fundamental temperature. This temperature describes the thermal ionization of the atom measured by the stationary observer at the point where the shift function (velocity) in the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner formalism changes sign. The ionization of stable atom is energetically forbidden in the Minkowski spacetime, but is allowed in the de Sitter and in SdS backgrounds. The ionization temperature does not depend on the black hole mass and is fully determined by the Hubble parameter, T ion = √ 3 H/π . This temperature is twice the Bousso-Hawking temperature, which characterizes the limit of degenerate Lorentzian Schwarzschild-de Sitter universe, when the cosmological and black hole horizons are close to each other, T ion = 2 T BH . The similar doubling of the Hawking temperature is known in the pure de Sitter spacetime, where the ionization temperature is twice the Gibbons-Hawking temperature, T ion = 2 T GH = H/π . We consider the thermodynamics of the de Sitter state in which the ionization temperature plays the role of the thermodynamic temperature.


Defects of anterior vaginal wall fascia are generally assumed to be factors in the aetiology of cystocele. However, to date, there is very little information on diagnosis by imaging.


Expanding greatly private forest and enhancing hardly the forest growers' management wishes are conducive not only to regulating the agriculture industrial structure in forest area,but also increasing forest growers' income to speed up poverty alleviation.It is a way to relieve the contradiction in forest area and maintain social stability,and it is also a crucial way to make the rural economy flourish and promote the construction of new socialist countryside.At the same time,it will have an important significance in pushing strategic reform of forestry economy structure,in meeting the need of environment and forest products,and in achieving sustainable development of forestry.Property deformity,nonstandard tax and fee,unsound financing system and incompete social service system have been a system handicap which restricts growth of private forest in China.Perfecting limited property right,interiorizing ecological efficiency,realizing the goal of national economic man and providing public product of private forest require subsidy of private forest,which is current effective system arrangement for further development of private forest.


The article provides insight into the content of the conciliation agreement as an alternative to settle the legal disputes based on the analysis of the key strategic foundations of the Quirite culture and provisions of the law of Ancient Rome. A special emphasis is placed on the fact that the extrajudicial, pre-judicial, and in some cases in-tra-judicial methods of the settlement of legal disputes are nowadays given a high status in the legal environment that confirms the general tendency to the humanization and democratization of the judicial proceedings. The article substantiates the necessity of going back to the historical context of appearance and formation of the conciliation agreement as a legal institute to improve the understanding of the nature and mechanism of this alternative method of dispute settlement, since the Roman law was and still is a foundation of modern legal systems of the European states. The stages of the development of conciliation agreement as an alternative method of dispute settlement were studied against the background of the culture of Ancient Rome and the main characteristic features of this institute were addressed, mainly: voluntary involvement (the parties pass a voluntary decision on reconciliation), alternativeness (the parties have to choose between the judicial, extra-judicial and pre-judicial dispute settlement), uncertainty (of the party or the party to the dispute is uncertain about the court decision in its favor), compromise (reaching an agreement, the parties arrive at a compromise in certain issues). In this case, it is emphasized that initially to settle the dispute extrajudicially, the Romans did not need any third parties (mediators). Following from the article, the conciliation agreement in the Roman law has formed as a contract, i.e. at its initial stage, it was the material law institute (contract) with the procedural consequences. Within the national sociocultural context, the application of conciliation agreement as an alternative method of dispute settlement is a way of searching for the new efficient methods of settlement of inter-individual relations. The research methodology is represented by a set of philosophical and general scientific methods. Determinants of which are comparative and hermeneutic, as well as socio-cultural and axiological approaches


Purpose:To investigate the expressions and functions of P53 gene and MDM2 gene in bladder cancer.Methods:The expressions of P53 gene and MDM2 gene in specimens of 49 cases of patients with bladder transitional cell carcinomas were studied by immunohitochemical method.Results:The positive expression rate of P53 gene was 51.0 %(25/49) and it increased with the tumor stage and grade increasing. The positive expression rate of MDM2 gene was 32.7 %(16/49) and it increased with the tumor stage and grade decreasing. The bladder tumors only having positive expression of P53 gene were most likely being invasive or middle and low differentiation tumors. While with both the P53 gene and the MDM2 gene positively expressed, the invasiveness and malignant degree of bladder cancers decreased significantly. The positive expression rate of either P53 or MDM2 gene in recurrence or non recurrence groups within two years have no significant difference.Conclusions:By detecting both genes expressions, the biological behavior of bladder cancer can be more accurately interpreted and described.


The author reveals the main features of philosophical strivings in V. V. Rozanov's creative works, tells about the Russian thinker's views contradictoriness at various stages of his creative activity, mentions that in the process of his psychical-spiritual development V. V. Rozanov changed from the defender of Orthodoxy into the opponent of Christianity, and shows that despite the fact that the thinker was immersed in the world of myths, dreams and fantasies, his authorial heritage influenced the Russian religious philosophy and still attracts the attention of readers.


In the article intensification of cognitive tendency in teaching Russian Language is proved, the examples of cognitive tasks and techniques of organization of students' mental activity are presented.


The principal subject of this thesis is some 4500 iron objects excavated in Anglo-Scandinavian contexts at 16-22 Coppergate, York. Although about half of the objects were identified as nails, the other half functioned in a wide range of activities. There are tools for trades and crafts, structural fittings, dress fittings, items of horse equipment and weapons. Of particular interest were items identified as bar iron, blanks and scrap which, together with large quantities of slag, were suggestive of smithing on the site. The description and discussion of the material is prefaced by an examination of theoretical approaches to classification and interpretation which set a framework for the subsequent analysis. The artefacts are initially described in terms of a classification based on practical function. This is followed by classification on the basis of features which cut across practical function. In order to discover the meaning of the material for the history of the site, a detailed discussion of the nature of site contexts is undertaken and it is concluded that the evidence for an iron smithing industry during the 10th century is as good as can be expected from a deeply stratified urban site. Comparative material from other sites, principally in England, is reviewed to set the Coppergate objects in


Generally speaking, the hearing world has a very naïve and view of deaf people. Physicians are not immune to these misconceptions. This article will attempt to add nuance and complexity to the average psychiatrist's thinking about deaf individuals. BACKGROUND There are large differences between persons who grew up deaf vs. those raised as hearing who then experienced hearing loss later in life. The latter group is fluent in English and can utilize English communication such as note writing, and computer keyboard. The rest of this article will focus largely on individuals raised from birth or infancy as deaf. American Sign Language (ASL) is a complete manual language used by many, but not all, deaf people. Other manual languages are Cued Speech and Signed Exact English (SEE). Not all deaf people have a "full" language system. Because 90% of deaf children are born to hearing parents, some are at risk to not receive any usable language input during critical language acquisition periods in the brain. There is a window during brain development for language acquisition. Although there is controversy about exactly when this window is "open", most would agree that the ages of 3-7 are critical. Lacking language input then can result in an adult without fluency and competence in any language, including ASL .


The improved harmony search algorithm (IHSA), harmony search algorithm (HSA) and genetic algorithm (GA) are applied to extract facial features based on edges in the horizontal direction. The study used 100 images from 20 different faces from the California Institute of Technology dataset. The results show that IHSA is better in terms of accuracy and speed compared to HSA and GA, with average accuracy of 77.055% in an average time of 0.077 seconds compared to HSA at 75.176% in an average of 0.105 seconds and GA at 74.931% in an average of 3.627 seconds.


Summary "Dopa oxidase" activity was absent in melanocytes of telogen hair follicles of non-irradiated mice. Following partial-body exposure to 200 r week of X-radiation for 3 or 4 weeks, numerous dopa reactive dendritic cells were observed in the epithelial germ regions of irradiated quiescent hair follicles. Cells of the dermal papillae in irradiated and non-irradiated telogen hair follicles failed to exhibit "dopa oxidase" activity. The results thus support the view that melanocytes normally are restricted to the epithelial germ regions of hair follicles during telogen stage of hair growth cycle.


Literature has a great interest in various circles. Likewise with novels that have various useful values. Sang Pemimpi novel by Andrea Hirata is the second book in the Laskar Pelangi novel tetralogy. Novels are in great demand in various circles, this is evidenced by the novel Sang Pemimpi which was able to win a Mega Best Seller. In the novel, Sang Pemimpi tells the story of three young men, namely Ikal, Arai, and Jimbrong. This novel also tells about friendship and the many values it contains. The study in this paper aims to be able to analyze, identify and describe systematically the values contained in the novel Sang Pemimpi. Therefore, this research will review from various value perspectives. The research method uses a descriptive-qualitative method or also known as the exposure method, which is a method to produce information about the message or values contained in the novel which will be carried out with analytical techniques. The data collection technique used is the reading and note-taking technique. The results of the study will explain or provide an overview of the values of life contained in the novel Sang Pemimpi by Andrea Hirata.


Objectives: The present work on the development of artificial neural network modeling and prediction of the machining quality for Electrical Discharge Machining of martensitic Precipitation Hardening (PH) Stainless steel and copper tungsten as tool electrode. Methods/Statistical analysis: The important process parameters in this study are peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time and tool lift time with machining qualities as material removal rate and surface roughness. To conduct the experiments L27 orthogonal array was used. Findings: Prediction of Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness with regression analysis when compared with the experimental results shows variation due to nonlinear complex phenomena which influence the accuracy and precision of the product. In such circumstances, a Artificial neural network model is developed using MATLAB programming on the Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation technique with appropriate architecture of the logistic sigmoid activation function to predict the responses. The experimental data were segregated in three parts to train the network, to testing for convergence and finally to validate the model. The developed model has been verified experimentally for training and testing in considering the number of iterations and mean square error convergence criteria. Improvements/Applications The developed model results are to approximate the responses quite accurately. Results revealed that the proposed model can be successfully employed in the prediction of the complex EDM process.


The clinical application of multiple implant-supported restorations in edentulous jaws has proven to be a predictable long-term treatment (1, 2). The implant-supported restoration has also been proposed for the replacement of the single tooth (48). The single-tooth implant restoration has changed treatment planning of the missing tooth in the anterior sextant. Clinical situations in which singletooth implants are considered the first option include 1) edentulous areas delimited by non-restored teeth, 2) edentulous areas delimited by intact restorations and 3) dentitions with diastemata (25). The success rate of implant-supported singletooth restorations is comparable to that of implantsupported prostheses in totally edentulous patients (Table 1). However, the goal of modern implant therapy in aesthetic areas is no longer represented just by the successful osteointegration of the implant. The final result has to be an implant-supported restoration surrounded by a soft and hard tissue environment in harmony with the existing dentition (82). Although current dental technology allows creating artificial teeth perfectly matching the natural tooth, the soft and hard tissue surrounding the restoration cannot always be reconstructed. To pursue a predictable aesthetic result with the single-tooth implant, the practitioner needs to consider all the variables that influence the final outcome before the treatment is provided. Furthermore, surgical procedures must be performed precisely. An error in soft tissue management or implant positioning, despite the presence of a sufficient volume of soft tissue and bone, may lead to a major aesthetic failure. This chapter discusses the surgical treatment planning of implant placement for a single-tooth restoration in aesthetic areas. Pre-surgical determinants, surgical procedures and treatment sequenc-


Concentrations of p,p′-DDT between 0.1 and 60 μg/ml enhanced the growth rate of Heliscus submersus, and concentrations greater than 2 μg/ml had a similar effect on Tetracladium setigerum, Varicosporium elodeae, and Clavariopsis aquatica. The rate of growth of each fungus increased with increased DDT concentration.


Academic self-efficacy is a determining factor in students' academic performance in school. The reality that occurs in the world of education, especially in Indonesia is that students get a lot of pressure, especially in academics. The academic value demands that must meet the minimum completeness criteria, without being accompanied by a pleasant learning ambiance are often experienced by students in Indonesia. This situation can trigger a decrease in the motivation and commitment of students to study. To avoid this, the counselor needs to make efforts, one of which is group guidance. This study aims to improve the academic self-efficacy of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 25 Banjarmasin, which is characterized by changes in student learning behavior. This research is qualitative research using a type of action research. The results of action research indicate a change in behavior in learning, namely students have self-confidence in learning so they have the belief to be able to complete difficult tasks and take on challenges in learning.


-Reproductive characteristics and behaviors of the northern starhead topminnow, Fundulus dispar, were studied at two sites in southern Illinois. Analyses of gonadosomatic index (GSI) values indicate that peak reproductive readiness occurred at water temperatures ranging from 17-30 C. Classification of ovaries and ova revealed a multiple spawning/multiple clutch strategy. The population from one study site had a 1.5:1 (female to male) sex ratio and at least a 2-yr life span. Spawned eggs of E dispar averaged 1.95 mm in diam at <24 h postfertilization and hatched in 9-11 days when incubated at 25 ? 2 C. Data from fish caged in a culture pond show that when offered a variety of substrates, females spawned most often on yarn mops resting on the bottom of the cage. The spawning behavior, sites of egg attachment, possession of a single ovary, and chorionic filaments on ripe eggs are features shared with other species of Fundulus. A review of data suggests that other freshwater species of Fundulus have a multiple spawning strategy.


The invention relates to a combined type rubber shock absorber and belongs to the technical field of rubber vibration isolators. The combined type rubber shock absorber is mainly used for vibration and buffering processing of electronic equipment or instruments. The combined type rubber shock absorber comprises a rubber anti-vibration pad, a rubber anti-vibration column, a metal limiting lining and a metal limiting gasket. According to the combined type rubber shock absorber, vibration and impact energy is translated into heat energy and deformation energy of rubber materials through the deformation of rubber parts by means of a combined shock absorber structure, the rubber anti-vibration pad is capable of reducing dynamic energy of an instrument with vibration to be isolated in the axial direction, the rubber anti-vibration column is capable of reducing dynamic energy of the instrument with the vibration to be isolated in the radial direction, the metal limiting lining and the metal limiting gasket are used in a matching mode, dynamic displacement of the shock absorber is limited due to the fact that the shock absorber is installed on a base plate of the instrument through bolts, and then an installation function and a limiting function are achieved.


In this work, the design, fabrication and experimental verification of a series feeding network based on metamaterial technology is introduced. The feeding network design concept introduced here for the first time is composed by metamaterial-based coupled-line couplers as power dividers, and by metamaterial-based phase-shifters as phase compensation-lines. A demonstrator for this series feeding network with five output-ports, low losses, 20% fractional bandwidth @ 10 GHz and low coupling between output-ports is developed and experimentally verified.


This is a qualitative study which aims at analyzing the importance magistrates give to the hearings of children and young people in- volved in lawsuits, as well as the way these influ- ence their decision-making. For this study, an intentional sample of 12 male and female magis- trates with experience in Juvenile and Family Courts was gathered, aged between 43 and 62. Data collection was done through interviews, for which a previously tested interview script (semi- structured and semi-directive) was designed. The interviews lasted twenty minutes on average, and were recorded and transcribed for content analy- sis, after the interviewees' due consent. The re- sults reveal that most magistrates value these hearings, giving emphasis to national and interna- tional documents. The subjects of this sample ad- mit that the prevailing criterion for decision- making is the best interest of the child and the lat- ter's perspective on daily experience. Thus, it is ultimately the magistrates' responsibility to make the child's voice be heard and valued.


Introduction: The transpalatal arch has been used successfully for decades during routine orthodontic treatment for various purposes, including reinforcing anchorage. In the light of current scientific advancements with more precise knowledge of biology of tooth movement, it is prudent to study whether transpalatal arch is effective in preserving anchorage. Objectives: The aim of this finite element study was to evaluate and compare the effects of the transpalatal arch on periodontal stresses of molars and displacements when subjected to orthodontic forces. Methods: Stress patterns and displacements between models with and without a transpalatal arch were investigated by means of 3-dimensional finite element analysis. A finite element model of the maxillary first molars, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and transpalatal arch was created, that consisted of 1, 69,036 elements and 29,518 nodes. A simulated orthodontic retraction force of 2N was applied to the maxillary first molar in a mesial direction. Resultant von mises stresses were evaluated and compared in models with and without transpalatal arch, as well as displacement in models with and without transpalatal arch. Results: Results suggested that the presence of a transpalatal arch has no effect on molar tipping, decreases molar rotations, and reduces periodontal von mises stress magnitudes by less than 1%. Conclusions: The presence of the transpalatal arch induces only minor changes in the dental and periodontal stress distribution. Alternative methods can be used where absolute anchorage is required however transpalatal arch should not be considered an unnecessary tool in the treatment of orthodontic patients because of its various functions.


For the transfer of road transport to unmanned driving, it is necessary to create not only technologies for automatic control of the movement of vehicles, but also technical measures to protect them from failures of components of unmanned vehicles. Such protection will ensure the development of monitoring the performance and operational properties of unmanned vehicles in combination with algorithms for the use of its results. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the methods of automation of control parameters of performance of unmanned vehicles and the construction of protective control algorithms of unmanned vehicles in the interests of technical operation. A new method of automatic control of parameters dependent on the technical condition, modes and operating conditions of vehicles is proposed. It is based on the simultaneous control of the parameters of the technical condition, mode and operating conditions of the tested component, the division of the ranges of possible changes in the parameters of the mode and conditions at narrow intervals, the formation of possible combinations of the intervals obtained and registration of the standards of the estimated parameter for each combination of intervals at the beginning of operation of an unmanned vehicle. The proposed method is intended for the implementation of the onboard local network of an unmanned vehicle.


Ventricular rate control in atrial fibrillation (AF) is mainly needed in patients with acute AF and patients with permanent AF. In acute AF, most of symptoms are due to the rapid ventricular rhythm. Rate control is needed as initial therapy to ameliorate symptoms, even in patients who will undergo later pharmacological or electrical cardioversion. In permanent AF, combining an atrioventricular (AV) nodal-blocking agent with an antithrombotic drug is usually the standard of care.


Recent data have demonstrated the efficacy of anti-CD20 radio-immunotherapy (RIT) in patients with newly diagnosed advanced follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).[1][1],[2][2] A significant proportion of treated patients have extended event-free survival (EFS). Although there is as yet no clear


Using make-work-pay indicators and their distributions we examine the incidence and determinant factors of unemployment and inactivity traps in the Czech Republic in 2002. We find that while low wage earners and families with children face work disincentives resulting from the system of taxes and benefits, work incentives are particularly attenuated for employees with working spouse. Furthermore, we find that the combined effect of taxes and benefits distorts the job search effort of unemployed persons with non-employed spouse, indicating that unemployment affects whole families. We illustrate how two specific reform proposals would change the incidence of work disincentives. We also analyse the budgetary impact of the reforms. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the use of microsimulations in the analysis of potential labour supply effects of tax and benefit reforms.


Patent false lumen after surgery for acute type A aortic dissection ( AAAD ) influences the outcome with increased risk of aortic rupture and visceral malperfusion. We report a case of a patient previously operated on for aortic valve repair and replacement of the ascending aorta because of AAAD, presenting at follow-up with a retrograde dissection in aortic arch, persistent patent false lumen and significative aortic enlargement. An extensive ( arch and thoraco-abdominal aorta ) successful repair was performed using uncovered stent grafts. We welcome discussion on the real indication of this alternative approach and advantages and disadvantages on mid- y long-term follow-up. (cid:1) 2011 Published by European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.


Simultaneous inference is a challenge when the number of populations or the dimensionality is large. In some situations including microarray experiments, the scientists are only interested in the populations with the most extreme observations. In these cases, could we just focus on a few (K) selected observations and do the inference about the corresponding populations? Attempts including Cohen and Sacrowitz (1982) have been made especially in the point estimation of the means of the selected populations. Relatively much fewer sharp confidence intervals are constructed. The advantage of sharp confidence intervals could be large if K is much smaller than the total number of populations N . An Empirical Bayes approach is used to construct such confidence intervals for the K selected means with good coverage probabilities. The resultant intervals have length comparable to that of a K–dimensional, rather than N–dimensional simultaneous intervals, which is called the selecting effect. Together with the borrow strength effect of Empirical Bayes, when K = 100 and N = 10, 000, the new confidence intervals, in the most extreme case, could be 82% shorter than the traditional simultaneous Bonferroni's bounds. We assume that the differential expression levels in an ANOVA model are random with a mixture of zero and a normal distribution which fits many data sets well. Thus far, K is prechosen. Confidence intervals based on a data estimated K are constructed. These confidence intervals can be used to conduct hypotheses testing. In one example, we show that they detect more significant genes than the traditional confidence intervals based on the Bonferroni's bounds.


In this paper, we develop a robust efficient visual SLAM system that utilizes heterogeneous point and line features. By leveraging ORB-SLAM [1], the proposed system consists of stereo matching, frame tracking, local mapping, loop detection, and bundle adjustment of both point and line features. In particular, as the main theoretical contributions of this paper, we, for the first time, employ the orthonormal representation as the minimal parameterization to model line features along with point features in visual SLAM and analytically derive the Jacobians of the re-projection errors with respect to the line parameters, which significantly improves the SLAM solution. The proposed SLAM has been extensively tested in both synthetic and real-world experiments whose results demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in various scenarios.


The increasing importance of spatial audio technologies has demonstrated the need and importance of correctly adapting to the individual characteristics of the human auditory system, and illustrates the crucial need for humanoid localization systems for testing these technologies. To this end, this paper introduces a novel feature analysis and selection approach for binaural localization and builds a probabilistic localization mapping model, especially useful for the vertical dimension localization. The approach uses the mutual information as a metric to evaluate the most significant frequencies of the interaural phase difference and interaural level difference. Then, by using the random forest algorithm and embedding the mutual information as a feature selection criteria, the feature selection procedures are encoded with the training of the localization mapping. The trained mapping model is capable of using interaural features more efficiently, and, because of the multiple-tree-based model structure, the localization model shows robust performance to noise and interference. By integrating the direct path relative transfer function estimation, we propose to devise a novel localization approach that has improved performance in the presence of noise and reverberation. The proposed mapping model is compared with the state-of-the-art manifold learning procedure in different acoustical configurations, and a more accurate and robust output can be observed.


The use of dolomitic aggregate in preparation of cementitious repairing mortar really depends on their mineralogical composition and physico-mechanical properties. The physico-mechanical properties and chemistry of the selected local dolomitic aggregates were evaluated and compared with those of natural siliceous sand minerals. The studied dolomitic aggregates have a convenient chemical composition to be used as a concrete aggregate. Whereas they show relative variations in their physico-mechanical properties especially the grain size distribution, which will of course reflect the characteristics of the repairing mortar mix. The compatibility of some cementitious repair mortars characteristics casted by dolomitic aggregates was assessed. Showed that dolomitic aggregate possess a clear effect on the properties of cementitious mortar rather than the natural siliceous sand. Also, using of this type of aggregates improves the compatibility with most commonly concrete used in Egypt by justification of the cementitious mortar mix with the suitable admixture. Assisted that most of the studied mixes show good compatibility with the casted concrete depending of appropriate composition.


Acid phosphatase (EC18.104.22.168) from carrots was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation (30%-80%), Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration, cm-Sepharose CL-6B and DEAE -Sephacel ion exchange chromatography. The optimum ph and temperature of acid phosphatase from carrots were pH 5.5 and 55, respectively. The enzyme was most stable at ph 6.0 and relatively unstable below pH 4.0 . The activation energy of the enayme was determined to be 10.6kcal/mole. The enzyme utilized p-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate among tested possible substrates, whereas it hydrolyzed 5' -IMP and 5'-GMP poorly. The Michaelis -Menten constant(Km) of the enzyme with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate was identified as 0.55mM. Amongtested metal ions and inhibitors, Al+++ Zn++, Cu++ , fluoride, metavanadate and molybdate ions inhibited the enzyme activity drastically.


Abstract : An exploratory development and test program was conducted to establish optimum materials and designs for composite material journal bearings in aircraft joints between structural components of both advanced composite and conventional metallic materials. An initial study and design phase evaluated the characteristics of candidate composite materials as they apply to highly loaded bearings in adverse environments. A second phase involved fabrication and testing of journal bearing configurations. In the study and design phase, composites of epoxy resin reinforced with fibers of graphite, glass, TFE, and Kevlar were evlauated in corrosion, strength, and wear/life tests. Cost, relative weight, and suitability for commercial manufacture were considered. Also, suitability for direct substitution of composite journal bearings for currently used metallic journal bearings was a major program goal. Early testing indicated that graphite filament-reinforced composites lacked suitable friction and wear characteristics and were subject to edge breakdown due to pin bending and accepted degrees of joint misalignment. The best combination of characteristics was obtained in filament wound glass or Kevlar fibers impregnated with epoxy resins. Suitable wear/life and friction characteristics were obtained by incorporating TFE fabric or sprayed TFE-enriched resin liners in the composite journal bearings. (Author)


Effect of different curing time,curing temperatures,liquid crystalline compound content and mixing methods of liquid crystalline compounds on morphology of epoxy resin/liquid crystalline compounds curing system were studied by polarizaing optical microscope (POM).The mechanical properties and Tg were determind by mechanical test methods and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The results showed that the morphology of epoxy resin/liquid crystalline compound curing system were greatly influenced by the starting curing temperatures,curing time,mixing methods and the content of liquid crystalline compounds,impact strength was enhanced to 3.5 times,tensile strength was enhanced to 1.6 times,bending modulus was improved for 1.1 times,bending strength was improved for 1.26 times,glass transition temperature (Tg) was increased to 60℃ for the modified system.


When two species share a common habitat, interspecific interactions can take many forms. Understanding the dynamics of these interactions can provide insight into the behavior and ecology of those species involved. Two separate, unusual interactions are described in which a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) lifted a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) completely out of the water. Both incidents occurred in Hawaiian waters. Based on reports of object play by humpback whales, and the apparent initiation and cooperation of each dolphin being lifted, object (i.e., the dolphin) play by the whale and social play by the dolphin seem to be the most plausible explanations for the interaction. Aggressive and epimeletic behavior by the humpback were also considered.


The present study answers calls of previous research to analyze the content of online news, assessing differences between print and online newspapers in frequency of "mobilizing information" (Ml)—information aiding people to act on pre-existing attitudes. Conceptual and operational definitions of locational, identificational, and tactical MI are included. Results revealed that online newspapers did not have significantly more MI than their print counterparts. This finding counters the assumption that online newspapers have more mobilizing content than print.


Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent forms of mental illness that are often thought of as stress‐related disorders because their symptoms are frequently triggered by stressful life events. Clinical studies provide strong evidence for the involvement of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), a key regulator of the stress response, in anxiety and depression. Recent evidence from studies involving CRF2 receptor knockout mice and CRF2 receptor‐specific ligands suggests that the two CRF receptor subtypes have a differential role in mediating the stress response, where activation of the CRF1 receptor leads to increases in the stress response and the CRF2 receptor represents a compensatory coping mechanism to oppose this action. This proposed differential regulation of stress‐related behaviors via the two CRF receptor subtypes suggests that a disruption of homeostasis within the stress system may be a key underlying factor in the regulation of psychiatric disorders associated with chronic stress. Therefore, it appears that restoring the neurochemical balance within the CRF system via CRF2 receptor activation may provide a novel approach in the treatment of stress‐related disorders. Drug Dev. Res. 65:205–215, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Mineral exploration requires selecting grounds where exploration is to be conducted. Ground selection and mineralisation targeting processes require identification of areas with specific geological settings. For exploration of Archaean lode gold deposits, crustal breaks are used as conduits for mineralising fluids and their structural associations such as crossings, junctions, and changes of orientations are closely associated with mineralisation. Aeromagnetic data represent magnetic response variations from the Earth's crust, and discontinuities in these data reveal crustal breaks, along with lithological boundaries and dykes that are important for understanding the local geology. This paper presents on-going image analysis research that aims to detect such characteristics within aeromagnetic data automatically, in order to provide an efficient and non-subjective analysis for gold prospectivity mapping. The proposed method automatically highlights the regions of high structural complexity within regional datasets. It firstly finds regions of magnetic discontinuity using a combination of texture analysis and bilateral symmetric feature detection, where line-like features representing high local magnetic variations are identified. Using skeletal structures of the identified regions of discontinuity it analyses structure associations to locate their intersections as well as to find orientation variations of neighbouring structures. Finally, by applying an accumulative Gaussian weighting, it generates heat maps that highlight the areas that are perceived to be prospective. A preliminary experiment was conducted using aeromagnetic data from the Yilgarn Craton in Western Australia and the regions selected by the proposed system are highly correlated with the known gold deposits in the area.


The university was founded on a tradition of liberal arts education, but in recent years, attention to these fields has diminished. The current study examined the hiring of liberal arts graduates by businesses, in the hopes that orientation professionals can use the findings to help new students overcome fears and misconceptions about the value of a liberal arts degree.


Lately, there are at least four issues that have passionately dominated public discourse in Nigeria with their attendant misgivings. Probably, in a saner clime, they would not generate these heights of misgivings. These issues are the Biafra agitations, the horrible economic recession, President Muhammad Buhari's health and the "restructuring" of Nigerian state. These factors have heated up Nigerian socio political environment and they have connections with levels and dimensions poverty in Nigeria. The issues of poverty and violence have continued to attract debates among many people depending on their leanings. Some have taken the position that poverty on its own cannot cause conflict while others think otherwise. With strong emphasis on Nigerian state, this study briefly analyses the correlation between poverty and violence in Nigeria. It then considers how some variables such as deprecating religiosity, economic, political, clueless governance structures, unequal access and distribution of social amenities, economic resources and ethnicity have contributed to the connection between poverty and violence. All these are readily fuels for destructive violence that has been the lots of Nigerian fragile state. However, there is need to define and explain the terms in the study. II. CLARIFICATION OF TERMS


The conversion coatings on SiCp/2009 aluminum (Al) composites and 2009 Al alloy were obtained by immersing the samples into the cerium (Ce)‐based solutions with varying the chemical concentration (CeCl3·7H2O, NaCl), solution pH/temperature, immersing time, and drying temperature. The corrosion inhibition mechanism and kinetics were studied by using the electrochemical techniques and surface analyses. Potentiodynamic polarization tests showed that coatings improved corrosion resistance as compared to untreated samples and environmental factors played important role in the formation of conversion layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that relatively high inhibition efficiency for composite with 25 vol% SiCp was due to the existence of rather high surface area of cathodic intermetallics/SiCp, which support to deposit Ce oxides/hydroxides on the entire surface.


Organisations create their own brands and can manage them directly, usually with a focus on customers. Reputation, though, resides in the minds of all stakeholder groups and can only be indirectly managed by an organisation. What, then, is the relationship between brand and reputation? How far does a brand affect a company's reputation and vice versa?


It is necessary to master the polymer physics course for understanding polymer deeply.And the question is what on earth the course should to be taught for undergraduate who are the new ones to be involved in this field.To offer an answer, the author presents that the polymer physics course has its own core matter,especially for undergraduate.The core one is the microcosmic structure and morphology of polymers,which are the result of the various interactions of chains that composed of structure units,and their variation,the macroscopic responding behavior of polymers and the relationship among these aspects when the polymers are subjected to the external fields such as force,heat,light and electricity.The author believes that it is possible to understand the course more deeply,utilize it in a suitable way and even develop it in some degree by assuming the classical textbook that contains the main matter of the course,teaching students the core and training their skill to continuously study by themselves.


Virtual Coupling (VC) is a hot topic in railways. A virtually coupled train set operates as a single train and consists of multiple unit trains (UTs). Each UT keeps a desired gap distance with its predecessor by following a spacing policy. Constant time headway (CTH) spacing policy is widely adopted in the existing studies about VC. Arrival time difference (ATD), i.e., the difference between the time instants of two successive UTs arriving at a platform, is large when using CTH. It is not expected because the passengers loading of all UTs should operate at the same time. This paper firstly analyzes the causes of ATD mathematically and proves ATD is inevitable when adopting CTH. Then, the change tendency of ATD with respect to each parameter is analyzed. The above analysis indicates that CTH is not suitable for the arrival process. Thus, a quadratic spacing policy is designed to reduce ATD. Experimental results show that ATD can hardly be reduced by only optimizing the parameters of CTH, but the quadratic spacing policy greatly reduces it.


ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine, by investment analysis, the profitability and feasibility of fruit farms in the Middle Black Sea region of Turkey. The criteria of Net Present Value (NPV), Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were used for investment analysis. Three different discount rates (10%, 8%, and 5%) were used to get the NPV and CBR for peach and cherry. The NPVs for peach were found to be positive (573.0 $/da, 793.47 $/da, and 1248.6 $/da) [1 da (dekar) = 1,000 square meters of land]. The NPVs for cherry were also found to be positive (3467.6 $/da, 4323.4 $/da, and 6143.3 $/da). In addition, the CBRs for peach were greater than 1 (1.18, 1.21, and 1.27) and the CBRs for cherry were greater than 1 (1.81, 1.87, and 1.94). The IRR was 19.81% for peach and 45.31% for cherry. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that investment in fruit farming is economically feasible and that fruit farming-especially cherry-can be one of the most important income sources for farmers in the Middle Black Sea research region in Turkey.


The utility model discloses a remote-control electric multi-functional bed for realizing the lifting of a head area and a knee joint and the massaging for a back area. The remote-control electric multi-functional bed comprises a bed frame and a bed mattress, wherein the bed mattress is arranged on the bed frame; the bed frame is used for supporting the bed mattress; the bed mattress comprises a head area, a back area and a knee area that are connected with one another sequentially; the head area and the knee area are elastic lifting plates that can move up and down and can be deformed; an elastic sleeve is arranged between the knee area and the back area; the back area is a fixed plate; a massage device is arranged on the back area; a power supply, a motor, a control device, a transmission device and a manipulation panel are arranged on the bed frame; the power supply is connected with the motor, the control device, the massage device and the transmission device; the input end of the control device is connected with the manipulation panel, and the output end thereof is connected with the massage device and the input end of the transmission device; the output end of the transmission device is connected with the head area and the knee area; and a man-machine switching unit is arranged on the manipulation panel for receiving an external instruction and a signal. The remote-control electric multi-functional bed can adjust the positions of the head area and the knee joint and can massage the back area at the same time, thereby effectively improving the sleeping quality.


Summary. A large number of children in a junior school were tested, individually, along the lines initiated by Piaget, in an attempt to trace the development of the conservation of weight. While results very similar to those of Piaget are obtained using his criteria for invariance of weight, it is shown that children who are conservers of weight in his type of test, are often non-conservers in other tests of conservation of weight. Overall, our results lead us to suggest that while logical thought may be a necessary condition for conservation of weight, it is not a sufficient condition. Sheer experience of the physical world seems to play a more important role than Piaget reckons.


The method of extracting process of protease, the optimum ultrasonic extracting conditions of protease from viscera of tilapia which processing waste by single factor test with the orthogonal test design were studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions of pepsin from stomach of tilapia were: pH1, 25 ℃, 60 min, ultrasonic intensity 70 W. The optimum conditions of protease from intestines of tilapia were: 35 ℃, 85min, pH 7.5, ultrasonic intensity 70 W. Further work should be carried out on the character of the enzymes and the applications.


Melanoma is one of the most aggressive solid tumors and includes a stromal microenvironment that regulates cancer growth and progression. The components of stromal microenvironment such as fibroblasts, fibroblast aggregates and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can differently influence the melanoma growth during its distinct stages. In this work, we have developed and studied a stromal microenvironment model, represented by fibroblasts, proto-myofibroblasts, myofibroblasts and aggregates of inactivated myofibroblasts, such as spheroids. In particular, we have generated proto-myofibroblasts from primary cutaneous myofibroblasts. The phenotype of proto-myofibroblasts is characterized by a dramatic reduction of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein levels, as well as an enhancement of cell viability and migratory capability compared with myofibroblasts. Furthermore, proto-myofibroblasts display the mesenchymal marker vimentin and less developed stress fibers, with respect to myofibroblasts. The analysis of crosstalk between the stromal microenvironment and A375 or A2058 melanoma cells has shown that the conditioned medium of proto-myofibroblasts is cytotoxic, mainly for A2058 cells, and dramatically reduces the migratory capability of both cell lines compared with the melanoma-control conditioned medium. An array analysis of proto-myofibroblast and melanoma cell-conditioned media suggests that lower levels of some cytokines and growth factors in the conditioned medium of proto-myofibroblasts could be associated with their anti-tumor activity. Conversely, the conditioned media of melanoma cells do not influence the cell viability, outgrowth, and migration of proto-myofibroblasts from spheroids. Interestingly, the conditioned medium of proto-myofibroblasts does not alter the cell viability of both BJ-5ta fibroblast cells and myofibroblasts. Hence, proto-myofibroblasts could be useful in the study of new therapeutic strategies targeting melanoma.


Abstract An operational, automated guidance system for producing both probability of precipitation amount (PoPA) and categorical forecasts of precipitation amount for 233 cities in the conterminous United States is described. Regionalized equations giving the probabilities of≥0.25, ≥0.50, ≥1.0 and ≥2.0 inches for 6 and 24 h periods for both warm and cool seasons were developed with use of the Model Output Statistics technique. Categorical forecasts are produced by transforming the probability forecasts in such a way as to maximize the threat score. Two sets of guidance products were developed. The first uses predictors from the National Meteorological Center's (NMC) limited Area Fine Mesh (LFM) model, while the second uses predictors from NMC's Primitive Equation (PE) model and the Techniques Development Laboratory's Trajectory model. To test the PoPA system, operational forecasts at 215 cities were verified over a 10-month period. The PoPA categorical forecasts were compared by season to those produced s...


Teaching management in colleges is a complex project. In the modern society with highly developing democracy and self-awareness, it is far from enough to handle the management merely in rational ways. This paper explores management models in colleges and advances a notion of transformation from the traditional and entirely rational management to a new model based on such "soft" factors as emotions, beliefs and behavioral standards. The management should broaden its mind, cultivate a man-oriented sense, make brave innovations, introduce psychology, and thus create a harmonious, united and enterprising atmosphere.


We report the results of coaxial coand counter-helicity spheromak merging studies at the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment (SSX). The present configuration of SSX is optimized to study FRC formation and stability by complete counter-helicity spheromak merging. In forthcoming experiments the merging will be magnetically restricted with a pair of midplane coils to determine how the stability of the resulting magnetic configuration, a "doublet-CT", depends upon the quantity of toroidal flux annihilated from the initial spheromaks.


The delta-doped HEMT, a subcategory of HEMT, uses a thin layer of doping in the supply layer. There are quite a few advantages of the delta-doped HEMT over the regular-doped HEMT that include increase in mobility and cutoff frequency. The model for the threshold voltage of the delta-doped MOS-gate HEMT proposed by Gokhale et al. (1993) is valid only when the delta-doped layer is very thin and the distance of the layer from the SiO2/Si interface is much larger than the thickness of the layer. Although, delta-doped HEMTs normally use a highly doped thin layer, varying the width of the layer, the threshold voltage, minimum gate voltage, transconductance, cut-off frequency etc. can be changed. In this paper, a model for the threshold voltage (Vth) and the minimum gate voltage (Vtl) of the p-channel delta-doped MOS-gate Si/SiGe HEMT is proposed which is valid for any thickness of the delta-doped layer. Also, the effect of the width of the delta-doped layer on the threshold voltage and the minimum gate voltage has been investigated using the analytical model. All results have been compared with Medicitrade simulation


Aim Woody plants affect vegetation–environment interactions by modifying microclimate, soil moisture dynamics and carbon cycling. In examining broadscale patterns in terrestrial vegetation dynamics, explicit consideration of variation in the amount of woody plant cover could provide additional explanatory power that might not be available when only considering landscape-scale climate patterns or specific vegetation assemblages. Here we evaluate the interactive influence of woody plant cover on remotely sensed vegetation dynamics across a climatic gradient along a sky island. Location The Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, USA. Methods Using a satellite-measured normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from 2000 to 2008, we conducted time-series and regression analyses to explain the variation in functional attributes of vegetation (productivity, seasonality and phenology) related to: (1) vegetation community, (2) elevation as a proxy for climate, and (3) woody plant cover, given the effects of the other environmental variables, as an additional ecological dimension that reflects potential vegetation– environment feedbacks at the local scale. Results NDVI metrics were well explained by interactions among elevation, vegetation community and woody plant cover. After accounting for elevation and vegetation community, woody plant cover explained up to 67% of variation in NDVI metrics and, notably, clarified elevation- and community-specific patterns of vegetation dynamics across the gradient.


The field in which pure oxygen aeration is applied to sewage treatment is extensive. In actual application it is more suitable for the degradation of industrial sewage. Pure oxygen aeration has unique merit compared with common air aeration. This article introduced the effect by pure oxygen aeration. The study shows pure oxygen aeration is an effective pollutant removal mechanism, and at the same time proposes the best dissolved oxygen is at 3 mg/l. The average removal rates of CODcr, NH3-N, TN are 73%, 50%, 55% respectively. The conclusion is that pure oxygen aeration for hospital wastewater the CODcr removing rate is higher than ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen efficiency.


Abstract The usual χ2 goodness-of-fit criterion is considered when all cells have expectations of one and the cell boundaries are not estimated from the data. This situation arises in the use of a measure of consensus proposed by Coleman [1]. Under these circumstances the criterion reduces to X2 = Σt=1 N n i 2−N, where n i is the number of observations in cell i and N is the total number of observations in the sample. The exact distribution of X2 is given for N = 1(1)25(5)40, 50. For N≥25, the χ2 approximation to the exact distribution of X2 errs by less than .007 or 20.3 percent for right-tail areas. For left-tail areas the errors are less than .0165 or 89.9 percent when N≥25.


Background: The pre-requisites to a successful awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) include adequate psychological and pharmacological preparation of the patient. This study aims to compare two pharmacological agents, dexmedetomidine and nalbuphine, in addition to nebulization and airway topicalization, for intubating conditions during AFOI.
Methods: Sixty consenting patients belonging to ASA I/II, MPC I/II, age-group of 18-60 years weighing between 40-70 kgs requiring general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation were randomly allocated to one of the two groups. Patients received dexmedetomidine 1µg/kg i.v. (group D) or nalbuphine 0.2 mg/kg i.v. (group N) over 10 min before intubation. Fiberoptic intubation was attempted. Intubating conditions were assessed in terms of sedation score, cough score and post-intubation score. Hemodynamic responses, lignocaine and propofol requirement were also recorded. Repeated measure ANOVA, Tukey's test, unpaired t test, Chi‑square test or Fisher's exact test were used for data analysis. A P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Sedation score (P = 1.000), cough score (P = 0.165) and post‑intubation score (P = 0.157) were comparable among the two groups. Hemodynamic responses, propofol and lignocaine requirements were also comparable.
Conclusion: Both intravenous dexmedetomidine and nalbuphine provide good intubating condition with minimal adverse effects on haemodynamic profile during awake fibreoptic intubation.


Algebraic manipulation covers branches of software, particularly list processing, mathematics, notably logic and number theory, and applications largely in physics. The lectures will deal with all of these to a varying extent. The mathematical content will be kept to a minimum.


Most airway foreign body aspirations occur in children younger than 15 years; children aged 1-3 years are the most susceptible. Vegetable matter tends to be the most common airway foreign body; peanuts are the most common food item aspirated. Our case become unique in the sense that in spite of being horny projections of foreign vegetative material retained for almost 30 hours, patient presented with no signs of laryngeal


The GNSS signal reflection technique at the tide station can provide accurate results and is more far-reaching from the coast to the sea, it is possible to provide real-time sealevel information including high wave and tsunami. With the use of two receivers with two antennas, one facing upwards as a direct signal receiver and a second antenna facing downwards as a signal receiver of reflection can be obtained both phase data and GNSS signal codes from both direct and reflected signals. With the different methods of signal trajectory that propagates directly and propagates through reflection by sea level, it can be determined the difference in distance between the master and the shadow rover receivers. The sea level can be determined which is half the distance between the two receivers. In this paper, the results of the data analysis of the different trajectory distances of GNSS signals from code data are presented, from the simplest one, namely a GNSS satellite is assumed to have a linear relationship with the satellite elevation angle with a gradient proportional to sea level. The computation results show that the reflected signal data is suspected not only from sea level but originating from the surrounding environment. It is necessary to experiment with the reflected signal in an area that ensures that the signal is only reflected once by sea level or other reflected plane.


The problem of this thesis is to set up a guidance program for the junior-senior high school. A program especially workable for the small junior-senior high school is desirable since these are most frequently found in this section of the state.


Enzyme activities in aged conidia of N. crassa Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License. This research note is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: http://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol22/iss1/9 Table 1. Inhibition of FDPose by cysteine and ito reversal by pyruvate. Cultural Condition Addition to the Glucose GlYCWOl Ethanol reaction rnix+ure* g r o w n Q'OW" g r o w n Table 2. FDPare activity of glycerol-grown culture in the prerence and absence of potassium ions and sodium pyruvote Addition to the FDP Concentration, mM reaction mixture* 0 . 5 1.0 N i l 22** 5 . 5 36 Cyrteine (8 mM) 7 11 9 Pyruvote (0.5 mM) 36 68 40 Cyrteine (8 mM) + Pyruvote (0.5 mM) 14 40 34 Cyrteine (8 mM) + Pyruvote (I mM) I7 42 38 *The reaction mixture contained FDP (0.5 mM), TrirHCI buffer (pH 7.5, 40 mM), EDTA (2 mM), MgCl2 (20 mM), KCI (100 mM) and enzyme protein (100 &. ** FDPore activity in unitr/mg protein. Nil 19** 34 KCL (100 mM) 56 64 Pyruvote (I mM) 40 68 KCL (100 mM) + Pyruvote (I mM) 76 96 *The reaction mixture contained FDP (01 indicated), TrirHCI buffer (pH 7.5, 40 mM), EDTA (2 mM), MgCl2 (20 mM) and enzyme protein (150 Pg). **FDPose activity in units/q protein. There results confirm the observation that gluconeogenic rubrtrater dereprerr the formation of Neurorporo FDPore and bring out the interesting observation of the reverrol of cyrteine inhibition of the enzyme by pyruvate. Potassium ions, which reverse the inhibitory effect of pyruvote on FDP-aldolare (Motto0 and Roe), complemented the rtimulotory effect of pyruvote on FDPare. We, therefore, suggest that pyruvate might regulate gluconeogenerir by acting 01 CI "feed-forward" octivotor of FDPore and keeping it in on active state. Introcellular levels of potassium ions, pyruvate and FDP at the site of the enzyme in viva could therefore ploy an important role in the control of FDPore activity and of gluconeogenerir. ---We thank Professor V.V. Modi for hir inter&. Deportment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Borodo, Borodo 390002, India, (until March 1976, Department of Biochemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5001). Gompel, Z., C . D . Denoya, N . 0 . Averra, and A . J . Jobb&,y. As o port of o brooder program directed toward a better understanding of the ma~romole~~lor changer occurring during Enzyme activities in aged conidia of 2. E the ageing process, several enzyme activities were determined in young (7to P-day-old) and oged(24and 28-do -old) conidio of the wild type strain 74-OR23-1A (FGSC x987) . Table I. Viablility and Enzyme Activities in Aged Conidia. The cults, rummorized on Table I, show that the decline in activities of the five enzymes inverfigoted until now, show ogeing patterns which do not parallel the decline in viability of the cells. Evidently, the aged conidio are able to overcome the shortage of vitoI enzymes and germinate, since a drastic diminution of important enzyme activities (the presence of undetectable vestigial activities cannot be ruled out) like those of asportote tranrcorbamylare and NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenare ore not reflected in CI similar Ias in viobility.There results do not exclude the possibility that one 01 more key enzymes could show octivity variotionr paralleling the decoy in wrvivaI, and the central question whether the diminution of enzyme activity (or activities) is o come or on effect of the ogeing PTOCBII, rmoi"s open. Age of the conidio Viability: 24 days 28 days 46 % 35 % Enzyme;: Arpartote tronrcarbomylore (EC 2. I .3.2) 2 > 0.2 Ornithine tranrcorbomylare (EC 2.1 .3.3) 50 52 Glutornate dehydrogenare(NADP) (EC 1 .4 .1 .4 ) 20 z0.1 Glucore-6-phosphate dehydrogenore (EC I. I. I .49) 65 65 6-phorphogluconate dehydrogenore (EC 1. I. 1.44) 80 80 The absolute viability of young conidio was 65 i5% in our culture conditionrand in different experiments. Activities ore exprerred (II percentage of the volue~ corresponding to young conidia (100%). G rowth, conidiation and ageingoccurred in 250 ml erlenmeyer florkr containing 50 ml of Vogel's solid minimal medium. The temperature WOI 25'-27' C. Harvesting, washing with distilled water and grinding of the spores were done at On-4' C. Enzyme activities were determined in crude extracts by rtondard array methods. This work was ruoported by grants No. 5473 and No. 5511 of the Conrejo Nacionol de lnvertigocioner Cientificos y Tecnicar of Argentina. Univerridad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmocia y Bioquimica, Deportment0 de Ciencior Biologicor, Junin 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Loo, M.W.S. A temperature-renritive mutant of Temperature-lenritive (t) mutants were iroloted by the inositolessNeurorporcl defective in riborome processing (rip-l). death enrichment technique, during o search for phase-specific conidiol germination mutanh. Although no phase-specific mutants were found among 64 (t) isolates, there were mutants in which both conidiol germination and myceliol growth were arrested at temperatures above 33' C. These were screened for defects in mocromolec~l~r synthesis by monitoring their incorporation of radioactive precursors into DNA, RNA, and pro+ein at 20' C and 37O C (for labeling procedures, see Loo 1975 J. Bacterial. 121: 286).


Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) is one of the most important technologies in data warehouse systems, which enables multidimensional analysis of data. It represents a very powerful and flexible analysis tool to manage within the data deeply by operating computation. OLAP has been the subject of improvements and extensions across the board with every new problem concerning domain and data; for instance, multimedia, spatial data, sequence data and etc. Basically, OLAP was introduced to analyze classical structured data. However, information networks are yet another interesting domain. Extracting knowledge inside large networks is a complex task and too big to be comprehensive. Therefore, OLAP analysis could be a good idea to look at a more compressed view. Many kinds of information networks can help users with various activities according to different domains. In this scenario, we further consider bibliographic networks formed on the bibliographic databases. This data allows analyzing not only the productions but also the collaborations between authors. There are research works and proposals that try to use OLAP technologies for information networks and it is called Graph OLAP. Many Graph OLAP techniques are based on a cube of graphs.In this thesis, we propose a new approach for Graph OLAP that is graphs enriched by cubes (GreC). In a different and complementary way, our proposal consists in enriching graphs with cubes. Indeed, the nodes or/and edges of the considered network are described by a cube. It allows interesting analyzes for the user who can navigate within a graph enriched by cubes according to different granularity levels, with dedicated operators. In addition, there are four main aspects in GreC. First, GreC takes into account the structure of network in order to do topological OLAP operations and not only classical or informational OLAP operations. Second, GreC has a global view of a network considered with multidimensional information. Third, the slowly changing dimension problem is taken into account in order to explore a network. Lastly, GreC allows data analysis for the evolution of a network because our approach allows observing the evolution through the time dimensions in the cubes.To evaluate GreC, we implemented our approach and performed an experimental study on a real bibliographic dataset to show the interest of our proposal. GreC approach includes different algorithms. Therefore, we also validated the relevance and the performances of our algorithms experimentally.


In this paper is proposed construction of auxiliary equipment for direct mounting of modules of elements facade system, consisting of two separate independent working complexes – cantilevered trolley hoist trace and rotating lever vacuum extractor module. Its elements are built and simulated in environment of automated design system TopSolid'Design [6]. The proposed structure is universal and provides, by adjusting the positions of individual components for installation of identical elements family details. The design fully meets the requirements for high accuracy, reliability, stability installation characteristic of complexes of this type.


The high theoretical capacity of Li-O2 batteries attracts a lot of attention and this field has expanded significantly in the last two decades. In a more general way, the large number of articles being published daily makes it difficult for researchers to keep track of the progress in science. Here we develop a text mining program in an attempt to facilitate the process of reviewing the literature published in a scientific field and apply it to Li-O2 batteries. We analyze over 1800 articles and use the text mining program to extract reported discharge capacities, for the first time, which allows us to show the clear progress made in recent years. In this paper, we focus on three main challenges of Li-O2 batteries, namely the stability-cyclability, the low practical capacity and the rate capability. Indeed, according to our text mining program, articles dealing with these issues represent 86% of the literature published in the field. For each topic, we provide a bibliometric analysis of the literature before focusing on a few key articles which allow us to get insights into the physics and chemistry of such systems. We believe that text mining can help readers find breakthrough papers in a field (e.g. by identifying papers reporting much higher performances) and follow the developments made at the state of the art (e.g. by showing trends in the numbers of papers published—a decline in a given topic probably being the sign of limitations). With the progress of text mining algorithms in the future, the process of reviewing a scientific field is likely to become more and more automated, making it easier for researchers to get the 'big picture' in an unfamiliar scientific field.


It is no longer the age of good practices and certainties, of well-made projects and great ideologies but it is the age of dynamic, creative and flexible strategies. In the midst of the crisis, we have acquired at least one certainty: No one saves himself alone. Reluctantly we understand that it is not a question of being strong or weak, "winning" or "losing", but that we exist through this existential fragility that allows us to affirm our belonging to the community.
The objective of this theoretical analysis is based on the analysis of the relationship between resilience and collaborative activity based on technologies. This analysis highlights that resilient action is activated thanks to the collaboration between the actors of the exceptional event that through technology redefine environmental boundaries, generating a resilient informal context.
Keywords: collaborative activity, post covid paradigm, resilient modalities, theoretical analysis.


In this paper, a fast discrete cosine transform(DCT) algorithm which was implemented in image compression based on JPEG would be presented. Firstly, based on the application of DCT in image compression, several fast DCT algorithms were analysed first, then the efficiency fast DCT algorithm, binary DCT, was demonstrated. According to the experiment result., the performance of binary DCT in JPEG encoder could be comparable with the traditional JPEG encoder. In the algorithm, all coefficients are in binary and all multiplications were replaced by shifting and addition operations which are easier and faster achieved by hardware and software. The complexity of transform was reduced by the binary DCT algorithm.


Michel Puech has written an illuminating philosophical book on the ethics of technology and provided a practical guide for how to interact and live with ordinary technology on a daily basis. He has combined Eastern and Western philosophies with pragmatism to create a sapiential (wisdom-based) technoethics. Through his list of fundamental wisdom practices and his focus on microactions, Puech explains how people can retain their subjectivity and care for the Self even while deluged by new and ubiquitous technologies. Puech's insights draw upon a deep and varied philosophical background. His intention for the book "is to return to concrete issues, beyond the well-known discourse of technophilia, which is so natural in engineering philosophy, and the equally well-known plea for technophobia, which is so frequent in the humanities and social critique" (7). Puech illustrates his views on technology by quoting Kranzberg, who states, "Technology is not good or bad. Nor is it neutral" (2). Puech frames his book under a broad teleological framework of human, nature, and technology, where there is a co-evolution involved with all three, leading him to describe humans as technosapiens (42), the subject of his previous book. Only by becoming more aware can we move from being reactive objects that are pawns of the market to empowered (interconnected) individuals not only with agency, but also with the ability to impact those around us and be part of a larger global transformation. Framing this book is a challenge, as the transdisciplinary nature ambitiously touches upon philosophy of technology, ethics, pragmatism, American Transcendentalism, and Eastern traditions. While drawing on this diversity, Puech deeply investigates these various philosophical concepts and situates them to answer the