Pain is a subjective feeling or experience involving sensory, emotional, and unpleasant behavior caused by tissue damage. Postoperative management is considered essential because it will provide excellent results for patients and improve postoperative quality of life. Opioids are intravenous analgesic drugs that are most often used as perioperative pain therapy but have unpleasant side effects. Developments in using more effective analgesic drugs are needed, one of which is intravenous lidocaine which has fewer side effects than opioids. Several studies have shown that lidocaine as an intraoperative analgesic drug has minimal side effects and faster recovery. Other studies have also shown lidocaine as an analgesic in neurosurgery surgery to have a fairly good effect. Therefore, this literature will discuss lidocaine as an adjuvant therapy, especially in neurosurgery operations.


In the upper respiratory tract, a new endoscopic procedure with ultra-thin and miniature fiberoptics (290 micrometers - 2 mm) finds a wide range of application in the differential diagnosis and treatment of pathological changes, especially within the nasal cavities and the paranasal sinuses. In order to restore the normal condition of ventilation and drainage of the paranasal sinuses or to remove internal inflammation the given foramina or ducts are widened mechanically. In case of the ostium nasomaxillaris `anatomical landmarks' can be used for orientation. But in case of the ostium nasofrontalis ((theta) 1 - 3 mm) or revision surgery where the anatomical conditions are not definitely defined or totally changed, problems can occur due to a lack of orientation. Dangerous complications which can occur due to surgical disorientation are the injury of the optic nerve and the dura mater. This paper presents an endoscopic variation of the infrared idaphanoscopy (IRD), a band-limited cw transillumination method, which enables localization of the foramina or ducts during the endoscopic procedure resulting in a reduction in the risk of disorientation.


Integrated care can introduce seamless coordinated pathways that are focused around the individual needs of patients, helping to prevent missed opportunities for intervention. Within offender healthcare, sequential funnelling through designated areas where screening can take place, along with co-location of services, lends itself to integrated working, at least in theory. However, within the offender healthcare pathway, service fragmentation and autonomous, disconnected (often referred to as siloed) working, has historically been the norm. If commissioned and designed to ensure and incentivise connections between services, whilst developing high quality service-focused research activities, pathways could enable clinical and social interventions, and outcomes, on a public health scale for these highly morbid populations. As such, offender healthcare offers a real opportunity to model integration for wider introduction across other health and social care areas. Discussed within is the call for integration, its concept, and its role within offender healthcare.


The susceptibility of cold drawn pure copper to stress corrosion cracking(SCC)in an acetic acid solution depending on cold reduction and strain rate has been studied using the slow strain rate technique. The main crack of SCC propagated after the stress reached the maximum value. The higher reduction sa皿ple had a lower SCC susceptibility at the same strain rate. The lower strain rate led to a higher SCC susceptibiity. These dependence of the SCC susceptibility, both on the cold reduction and on the strain rate, can be attributed to the growth behavior of the surface oxide fi11n.


The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development promotes sustainable global prosperity by encouraging the coordination of social, economic, and environmental policies and good governance reforms. Cities are expected to play an essential role in implementing the 2030 Agenda. Local programs are to be implemented by multi-actor governance systems (including government agencies, businesses, nonprofits, and philanthropic organizations) that operate across multiple policy domains and provide extensive opportunities for stakeholder participation. Local program finance may require a combination of public, private, and philanthropic resources. We analyze the prospects for local implementation of the 2030 Agenda in large U.S. cities by examining local capacity to plan and carry out cross-sectoral collaborative initiatives. We review sustainability planning in the cities that participated in the Sustainable Development Solutions Network planning demonstration. We analyze an inventory of urban revitalization initiatives to assess local capacity to carry out collaborations. We show that local capacity is associated with having an active local environmental agenda and making progress toward achieving sustainable development goals. However, local capacity appears to be concentrated in larger cities. Although the demands on local governance are daunting, our examination of local capacity to plan and execute cross-sectoral collaborative initiatives in large U.S. cities creates guarded optimism.


The tendency for people to rate attitude-confirming information more positively than attitude-disconfirming information (biased assimilation) was studied in a naturalistic context. Participants watched and evaluated the first 1996 Presidential Debate between Bill Clinton and Bob Dole. Regression analyses revealed that predebate attitudes but not expectations predicted postdebate argument evaluations and perceived attitude change. Participants evaluated the arguments that confirmed their predebate attitudes as being stronger than the arguments that disconfirmed their predebate attitudes, and they perceived their postdebate attitudes to have become more extreme than their predebate attitudes. Self-reported affective responses mediated the association between predebate attitudes and postdebate argument evaluations. The role of affect in information-processing theories and the significance of the findings for sociopolitical debates are discussed.


This paper investigated the situation of organizational commitment and work performance of universities teachers in Hebei province by sampling survey. Using the research conclusion, combining competency iceberg model, this paper constructed university teachers' competency model based on the theory of organizational commitment. On this basis, this paper refined the competence index, constructed the university teachers' performance evaluation index system, which will provide reference for the universities in China to enhance the performance management level furtherly.


The electrochemical method of combining N2 and H2O to produce ammonia (i.e., the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction [E‐NRR]) continues to draw attention as it is both environmentally friendly and well suited for a progressively distributed farm economy. Despite the multitude of recent works on the E‐NRR, further progress in this field faces a bottleneck. On the one hand, despite the extensive exploration and trial‐and‐error evaluation of E‐NRR catalysts, no study has stood out to become the stage protagonist. On the other hand, the current level of ammonia production (microgram‐scale) is an almost insurmountable obstacle for its qualitative and quantitative determination, hindering the discrimination between true activity and contamination. Herein i) the popular theory and mechanism of the NRR are introduced; ii) a comprehensive summary of the recent progress in the field of the E‐NRR and related catalysts is provided; iii) the operational procedures of the E‐NRR are addressed, including the acquisition of key metrics, the challenges faced, and the most suitable solutions; iv) the guiding principles and standardized recommendations for the E‐NRR are emphasized and future research directions and prospects are provided.


David Simmons is a waiter at a struggling Italian restaurant located down the block from where he lives. Money is tight for him right now, as his limited income means he lives paycheck to paycheck. However, David knows things will look up for him soon because he was recently offered a job as a bank teller across town—his first desk job.This case helps students learn about building credit. The case addresses what a FICO score is, who computes it, how it is determined, and what it is used for. Excerpt UVA-F-1866 Aug. 6, 2019 Understanding FICO Scores Introduction Sitting in his tiny apartment, David Simmons sighed and rubbed his forehead after opening the last two bills in his mail pile—the ones hidden behind the new Sports Illustrated issue on his desk. Money was always tight with David, given his inconsistent income as a waiter at a struggling Italian restaurant down the block. He knew how to prioritize and avoid paying his bills as long as possible. He was not proud of being late on some bills, but he occasionally did it out of necessity to make ends meet. The most important bills came first. He had already paid his rent, electricity, water, gas, cell phone, and insurance bills for this month; however, there were two bills remaining to be paid. David unfolded the late warnings from Cox Cable and his Bank of America Visa credit card and laid them on his desk. Threats more than bills, David thought. He had never been this late on any bills before. Both letters claimed that not paying the required balance within a week would lower his credit score. . . .


Summary
Amorphous degradable copolymer networks such as poly[(L-lactide)-co-glycolide] (PLGA) are promising multifunctional polymers with tailorable degradation profiles and capable of a thermally-induced shape-memory effect. Currently, the shape-memory performance for covalently crosslinked networks based on linear PLGA dimethacrylate precursors (cPLGA) is limited. In this study we explored the shape-memory properties of cPLGA networks prepared from three-armed 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate functionalized precursors via photopolymerization. cPLGA exhibited excellent dual-shape properties characterized by an almost complete fixation of the temporary shape as well as an almost perfect recovery of the original shape. In the dry state cPLGA exhibited a switching temperature (Tsw) of 60 °C with a narrow recovery temperature interval of ΔTrec = 5 °C, while a significant lower Tsw of 40 °C with a ΔTrec = 15 °C was obtained when the polymer network was investigated in an aqueous environment. A concomitant decrease in the glass transition temperature could be observed in differential scanning calorimetry heating curves for copolymer networks after storage in aqueous buffer solution at 37 °C for 7 days, which can be attributed to the up-take of water molecules (1.5 wt%). The shape-memory properties achieved for cPLGA, in particular the shape recovery ratio and ΔTrec were superior to those of analogous polymer networks based on linear PLGA dimethacrylates.


Objective To explore the effect of umbilical therapy in promoting the recovery of intestinal peristalsisafter surgery. Method 200 cases randomly divided into a treatment group of 100 cases and a control group of 100 cases,the treatment group used umbilical therapy with Chinese Medicine; the control group used routine clinical nursing therapy. Results Postoperative defecation time,postoperative exhaust time and recovery time of bowel sound of treatment group were all shorter than control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion Umbilical Compress method has the advantages of simple operation,low cost,obvious curative effect,with upright support,the spleen and stomach,nourishing laxative effect,angry blood,is easily accepted by patients,so it provides a new way for clinical nursing,worth learning.


The control systems are increasingly cemented in our daily lives, from the most sophisticate industry applications to household appliances. Modern technology had an exponential growth, taking with it the development of modern control systems. Such evolution was possible due the creation of complex and trusted equipments which can be introduced in our lives. Aiming a stabilized workflow between all of these different technologies, PID and Fuzzy Logic techniques continue to be used. However, new technologies and control systems must be developed and validated to continue to evolve. The main objective of this project is to develop an Adaptive Fuzzy PID controller, which has the best of two worlds (PID and Fuzzy Logic control) and apply this controller in linear and nonlinear systems. All of the development and simulations was made with software MATLAB/Simulink. Further in this project, two types of Adaptive Fuzzy PID controllers are proposed, which in the first stage will be tuned individually and in a second stage will be tuned with performance index such ITAE, ITSE, IAE and ISE. These simulations will be compared with a PID controller tuned by Ziegler-Nichols closed loop method and with a PID controller tuned by pidtune of MATLAB. Overall, the adaptive Fuzzy PID controllers had satisfactory results and presented better performances than other developed controllers.


Abstract : The RADC interactive node is a hardware/software switching module that permits a user to flexibly interface various types of data processing equipment, including central processors, visual displays, and data communication systems. The basic hardware component is a 4K Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-8/I computer with special switching logic. The basic software system is the PATCHBOARD operating system that operates conceptually equivalent to that of a standard communications or analog computer patchboard. The user may configure a system containing the following six elements: CDC 1700, PDP-7, BR 90, ASR 33, and two 103A data sets. Only two devices may be interconnected via the software at any one time, but up to three pairs of devices may be communicating simultaneously. (Author)


The complex elastic compliance ${s}_{11}(\ensuremath{\omega},T)$ of $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ has been measured as a function of the O deficiency $\ensuremath{\delta}l0.01$. The two main relaxation peaks in the absorption are identified with hopping of isolated O vacancies over a barrier of $0.60\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ and reorientation of pairs of vacancies involving a barrier of $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. The pair binding energy is $\ensuremath{\simeq}0.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$, and indications for additional clustering, possibly into chains, is found already at $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\sim}0.004$. The anisotropic component of the elastic dipole of an O vacancy is $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\lambda}=0.026$. The possible role of electrostatic repulsion between vacancies in slowing the kinetics for their aggregation is discussed.


Buried planar single-mode waveguides can be fabricated in glass by electromigration of ions from a low temperature molten mixture of nitrates. Surface scattering is reduced and high efficiency planar catadioptric elements are demonstrated to be feasible.


We have studied the effect of «Triovit», the drug that has antioxidant and antiradical properties. This medication can correct brain damage caused by lead on the developing brain. It has been revealed that introduction of lead nitrate to pregnant rat's decreases activity of NADN-dehydrogenase in cortex neurons. It activates free radicals oxidation (FRO) in the grey and white substance of the cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex of the posterity 40 days old. Introduction of «Triovit» to female rats during pregnancy and after delivery and during lactation time of their posterity has decreased intensity of symptoms but did not prevent the consequences of lead exposure.


Abstract - This research was intended to design a supplementary listening material that could help students to meet their needs in improving their listening skill. This materials would be build through an application that could be operated through personal computer or android. This research employed innovative work (R&D). It will follow the models of creating instructional materials which include Needs assessments, Product planning and design, Preliminary product development, Preliminary field testing, Product revision, Main field testing and Final product revision. [1] The objective of this study was to explain and describe the process of designing and using the supplementary listening material. In addition, this research was also aimed at finding out the influence of using the supplementary listening materials for undergraduate students. To answer the research questions, questionnaire and test were used as the instruments of the research to gain the data. Then the data were analyzed quantitatively by utilizing recurrence and rate. The most elevated rate were considered as the representation on the undergraduate condition. After that point, the recommendation and the remarks were dissected descriptively to decide the substance of the listening materials. Keywords – Android, Desktop, Supplementary Listening Materials, Undergraduate Students.


In this paper,the performance of multi-level integration technology is analyzed according the Swerling target models.By comparison with no-integration and double-loop integration method 0 simulation results show that the performance of this method is dose to that of the double-loop integration method.But this method is more suitable for implementation.


Neoclassical realism (NCR) has diversified the determinants of foreign policy analysis. It has blended the proposition of Innenpolitik, classical realism and the structural realism. The three (independent, intervening and dependent) variables which denote international anarchical structure, domestic factors of the state and the response to the external stimuli respectively has given a holistic view to the foreign policy analysis. While doing so, various scholars of international relations have questioned its paradigmatic relevance but still they trace their roots in the realist paradigm because they incorporate the realist proposition


The big wave of the women's movement in the world, apart from demanding rights and equality between men and women, also encourages women's representative participation in decision-making process. Previous studies often analyze women's representation based on cultural and institutional barriers without specifically showing the role of political parties in carrying out the gatekeeping activities, especially in women's candidacy. This article uses Pippa Norris' theory of political recruitment with descriptive qualitative analysis methods to analyze the increase in women's representation from Nasdem Party in the 2019 general elections. The results are (1) general election rules and political parties affect the increase in women's representation, (2) representation and women's interests have not become the main criteria in the political selection process of Nasdem Party, (3) the survey culture in the balancing of women's candidacy in addition to providing opportunities for female candidates also fostering kinship politics, (4) Nasdem's  commitment to women's representation and interests is still untested, and the most obvious is (5) as a political commodity where an increase in the representation of women with kinship political backgrounds contributed to the increase in the votes of  Nasdem Party in the 2019 elections.


Data analysis is a key component that can allow businesses with e-commerce to gain an advantage in delivering customer-oriented content and options. Gone are the days of flaming logos and rollover buttons. Enter the need for Web sites that truly connect with customers and make pertinent offerings, while at the same time providing detailed information for future marketing and business decisions. Millions of dollars are spent testing traditional media to determine message strategy, color schemes, profitable contact lists and media effectiveness. In addition, consumer behavior studies and ethnographic research are performed to determine best lighting, product locations and promotions that influence the customer the most and result in higher sales. Now that the Internet has established itself as part of a company s strategic plan, it is imperative that the same development efforts and dedication be given to its Web site. Similar to brick and mortar stores and offices, Internet sites need to be built with an understanding of the customer s needs and wants, as well as what unique value your company can offer them to come into your site, buy something and later return to buy again. An imperative step in an Internet site s effectiveness and profitability is that it is targeted to meet the needs and demands of its customers, whether these demands are implicit or explicit. The old adage of a successful business used to be location, location, location. Possibly the new adage for e-commerce will be value, value, value. Better Web sites mean that companies add value to customers experiences. They have easier navigation, broader product offerings and any number of solutions for a company s customer. This information can be found in a company s database and research. Since Internet sites are on a digital (computer) platform, most companies are, by default of Internet architecture, generating some type of log files (records of Internet clicks), registration information, sales information or even complaint information. Unfortunately, some companies do not realize that this information can provide valuable insights, which would allow a company to present a relevant offer to customers and generate higher revenues. Max Kilger Ph.D., a chief researcher for Symmetrical, a media and marketing information company, and a veteran at helping companies utilize data, says, Probably the most important concept that marketers and communications people should understand about data and data analysis is that data is like gold ore residing, almost hiding, in business and marketing data are the keys to understanding the consumer purchase relationship, that like a fingerprint is both unique to your business as well as an essential, un-detachable part of your enterprise. The goal of data analysis is to mine that gold ore, to extract the precious metals from it that ultimately drive the success of your business (Kilger, 2001). As a company recognizes the opportunity to put collected data to use, there are some simple steps that can be used to maximize the investment of resources in making Web sites more customer-oriented and profitable. These steps include:


The current issue of The Cartographic Journal features and showcases a field which might be more or less unknown to the cartographic community: literary geography. It all starts with the supposedly simple questions: Where is literature set and why there? As we all know through our personal reading experience, there is an abundant wealth of real-world landscapes, regions and cities which have been transformed into settings in fiction: One has only to think of the footprints famous authors left literally on the ground – Thomas Mann's atmospheric description of Venice will be forever connected with the fairytale-like Italian lagoon city; the Brontë sisters have put their mark on a wild, windswept, marshy part of northern England – today almost officially called Brontë country, covering West Yorkshire and the East Lancashire Pennines; the geography of London, past and present, is inextricably linked to Dickens' colourful storytelling. John Steinbeck created a fictional California of great and lasting power. Many tourists with an interest in culture and literature still carry Homer's 'Odyssey' in their pockets when they intend to explore the Mediterranean Sea and the Greek islands. The list of examples could be endless.... The point is that there is a rich geographical layer hovering, so to speak, above the physically comprehensible world: we call it the geography of fiction. The nascent research area of literary geography/ literary cartography aims at visibly rendering such complex overlays of real and fictional geographies. But how to adequately map fictional settings? And, even more importantly, which new insights can be gained from such an approach? Situated at the interface of literary theory and mapping concepts, this research topic has to be seen, first and foremost, as a truly interdisciplinary challenge. The papers presented in this issue offer a whole range of inspiring, sometimes radical answers to the abovementioned questions.


Objective To investigate the effect of embolectomy in middle stage of acute arterial obstruction(AAO) of lower extremities. Methods Clinical data of Fogarty catheter embolectomy for 24 AAO(27 limbs) with a course of 4~90 days in recent 5 years were studied retrospectively. Results Of 24 patients, 2 died and 22 survived after operation. Of the 22 survivors(24 limbs), the embolectomy succeeded in saving limb in 16 limbs without gangrenc before the operation; there were 8 limbs with gangrene, 3 with lower extremity amputation, 2 with toe amputation and 3 with suberustal healing before the operation. Conclusions Once AAO is diagnosed, operation should be done as soon as possible. The long illness course is not a contraindication of surgical treatment. The prognosis is related to the ischemia degree of lower extremity.


Process contract has received considerable attention in silk degumming processes because of its critical role in quality assurance. In degumming, process exhibits shrinkage of high twisted yarn and lot-varying behavior, thus increasing the difficulties of reduction by conventional means. This necessitates the application of a package that adapts to changing degumming process, and a new approach involving package degumming is proposed. The gains of this process are prevent of shrinkage by package winding, which is simplified by reduced soft-winding or re-twisting process. The approach is expected to achieve high quality results in conventional process due to its feature of demage by tension and rubbing. Therefore package degumming has many merits such as reduce of pilling and shrinkage, production expenses saving by process contract are expected of the simplified degumming process.


This article discusses the relationship between grotesque humor and racial theories in the works of Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando. The humor of his literary works comprises deviant characters and slips of the tongue, exposing a penchant for physiological and philological deviations. In his esoteric writings, ariosophic legends and etymological acumen serve to reconstruct inhabitants and languages of a fallen age. The author's humor is thus based on political beliefs of the 1920's, rendering him, his people and language greater than they could actually be.


Software defects, produced inevitably in software projects, seriously affect the efficiency of software testing and maintenance. An appealing solution is the software defect prediction (SDP) that has achieved good performance in many software projects. However, the difference between features and the difference of the same feature between training data and test data may degrade defect prediction performance if such differences violate the model's assumption. To address this issue, we propose a SDP method based on feature transfer learning (FTL), which performs a transformation sequence for each feature in order to map the original features to another feature space. Specifically, FTL first uses the reinforcement learning scheme that automatically learns a strategy for transferring the potential feature knowledge from the training data. Then, we use the learned feature knowledge to inspire the transformation of the test data. The classifier is trained by the transformed training data and predicts defects for transformed test data. We evaluate the validity of FTL on 43 projects from PROMISE and NASA MDP using three classifiers, logistic regression, random forest, and Naive Bayes (NB). Experimental results indicate that FTL is better than the original classifiers and has the best performance on the NB classifier. For PROMISE, after using FTL, the average results of F1‐score, AUC, MCC are 0.601, 0.757, and 0.350 respectively, which are 24.9%, 2.6%, and 16.7% higher than the original NB classifier results. The number of projects with improved performance accounts for 83.87%, 83.87%, and 64.52%. Similarly, FTL performs well on NASA MDP. Besides, compared with four feature engineering (FE) methods, FTL achieves an excellent improvement on most projects and the average performance is also better than or close to the FE methods.


The outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum (SC), ensures protection against harmful xenobiotics, and alterations in its lipidic matrix composition are related to several cutaneous dysfunctions. The skin barrier function is usually attributed to ceramides, but the role of free fatty acids, such as stearic acid, has been increasingly acknowledged. This research work aimed to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) based on stearic acid and glyceryl distearate, in order to explore the potential of these materials as the basis of lipid nanoparticles. Different blends of stearic acid, Precirol® ATO 5, Capryol® 90 and Tween® 80 were probed to prepare SLN and NLC. These lipid nanoparticles were further characterised according to particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), pH, and viscosity. Accelerated and long-term stability tests were also performed for 90 days, as well as in vivo assays to evaluate safety and efficacy. Overall, most nanoparticles showed interesting properties for topical application if they had sizes less than 300 nm, PDI below 0.3, pH compatible with skin and viscosity lower than 5 mPa.s. In long-term stability studies, the SLN_2 and NLC_2 formulations stood out, as they remained stable over time. In vivo biocompatibility tests conducted in human volunteers showed no negative impact of the formulations when applied openly or under occlusion. Efficacy studies with the most stable nanoparticles made of Precirol® ATO 5 showed an increase in skin hydration. The nanoparticles developed in this study have shown potential to be used for cosmetic purposes, and the blend of lipids provided good biocompatibility and moisturising properties.


This paper gives a Schur-Weyl duality approach to the representation theory of the affine Hecke algebras of type C with unequal parameters. The first step is to realize the affine braid group of type $C_k$ as the group of braids on $k$ strands with two poles. Generalizing familiar methods from the one pole (type A) case, this provides commuting actions of the quantum group $U_q\mathfrak{g}$ and the affine braid group of type $C_k$ on a tensor space $M\otimes N \otimes V^{\otimes k}$. Special cases provide Schur-Weyl pairings between the affine Hecke algebra of type $C_k$ and the quantum group of type $\mathfrak{gl}_n$, resulting in natural labelings of many representations of the affine Hecke algebras of type C by partitions. Following an analysis of the structure of weights of affine Hecke algebra representations (extending the one parameter case to the three parameter case necessary for affine Hecke algebras of type C), we provide an explicit identification of the affine Hecke algebra representations that appear in tensor space (essentially by identifying their Langlands parameters).


Background In current clinical trials of treating ovarian cancer patients, how to accurately predict patients' response to the chemotherapy at an early stage remains an important and unsolved challenge. Purpose To investigate feasibility of applying a new quantitative image analysis method for predicting early response of ovarian cancer patients to chemotherapy in clinical trials. Material and Methods A dataset of 30 patients was retrospectively selected in this study, among which 12 were responders with 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) and 18 were non-responders. A computer-aided detection scheme was developed to segment tumors depicted on two sets of CT images acquired pre-treatment and 4–6 weeks post treatment. The scheme computed changes of three image features related to the tumor volume, density, and density variance. We analyzed performance of using each image feature and applying a decision tree to predict patients' 6-month PFS. The prediction accuracy of using quantitative image features was also compared with the clinical record based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guideline. Results The areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were 0.773 ± 0.086, 0.680 ± 0.109, and 0.668 ± 0.101, when using each of three features, respectively. AUC value increased to 0.831 ± 0.078 when combining these features together. The decision-tree classifier achieved a higher predicting accuracy (76.7%) than using RECIST guideline (60.0%). Conclusion This study demonstrated the potential of using a quantitative image feature analysis method to improve accuracy of predicting early response of ovarian cancer patients to the chemotherapy in clinical trials.


The occurrence of 112 German mayfly species are tabulated in charts for the main natural areas (Southern Germany with the Alps and its forelands, Central mountainous regions, Northern German lowlands) and for most of the federal states. Five additional species of family Baetidae are somewhat questionable because of taxonomical or systematical problems. Changes in systematics since the edition of the world catalog of families and genera by HUBBARD (1990) are briefly explained and reasons for our generic concept used in an updated systematic Checklist of this regions are given.


Anyone involved in working in the early years sector will know that every child has needs and it is our responsibility to support these individual needs, say Nicola Bushell and Hayley Cannell, joint managers of Oakey Dokeys Pre-school.


The Symington/Cockburn merger decision 1 sets out the conditions under which the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) is prepared to allocate private label (PL) sales of the merging parties to their retailer customers for the purposes of the competitive assessment. This case note comments on these conditions from the perspective of an economic framework based on bargaining theory. Thus, we will first provide some background on PLs. Second, we will summarise the Symington/Cockburn decision, focusing on the conditions that the OFT deemed relevant to justify allocating PLs to retailers. Third, we will present a relevant economic framework based on bargaining theory. Finally, we will comment on the conditions set out in Symington/Cockburn from the perspective of that economic framework. In summary, we find that the OFT's reasons for allocating PLs to retailers for the competitive assessment in Symington/Cockburn were mostly in line with bargaining theory.


We have measured Raman spectra of diamond films prepared by a hot‐filament method and found that diamond layers on Si substrates are under compressive strain. The degree of the strain is found to increase with increasing nondiamond component in the diamond films. It is shown that Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method to estimate the crystalline quality, especially the strain in the diamond films.


The unprecedented mass evacuations in response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita highlighted significant problems in the way that privately-owned and public vehicles were used in evacuations. Using the lessons learned from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita as a backdrop, this paper illustrates the importance of transportation asset planning, preparation and execution. Furthermore, some suggestions are offered to improve mass evacuation by means of private and public conveyance. Additionally, Federal, State and local government evacuation plans that have incorporated noteworthy elements into their evacuation plans after 2005 are cited as best practices.


Abstract— In bidistilled water, 4‐thiouridine (4TU) exhibits a weak unusual luminescence, the quantum yield of which is 3 × 10‐4 at 25°C. The excitation spectrum corresponds well to the 4TU absorption spectrum. The emission lies at longer wavelengths (Λmax 550 nm) than the 4TU phosphorescence observed at 77 K (Λmax, 470–480 nm). From the emission signal obtained after an excitation flash of 3 ns half‐width, an "apparent" rate constant for the radiative deactivation process, shorter than 5 × 106 s, can be inferred. The 300 K emission is efficiently quenched by halides and by oxygen: quenching involves a long‐lived intermediate (⋍ 200 ns).


Introduction Poultry farming is the practice of raising poultry, chicken, turkeys, ducks etc. as an important subcategory of animal husbandry for the production of eggs, meat, feather, etc. Backyard poultry keeping is practiced by majority of the poor and marginalized rural households all over India. These households rely on low cost backyard poultry rearing to supplement and enhance their livelihoods. Kadaknath is an important Indian poultry breed, also known as Kalamashi in Hindi, is International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 09 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Poultry farming is the practice of raising poultry, chicken, turkeys, ducks etc. as an important subcategory of animal husbandry for the production of eggs, meat, feather, etc. Kadaknath is an important Indian poultry breed which has black meat, slow growth rate, smaller body size as well as late sexual maturity. For the increment in the growth of these birds certain feed additives are added to the ration or germination may also increased the nutritive value of maize and other cereals which are main component of the poultry ration. The present experiment was conducted on 128 day old Kadaknath chicks belonging to same hatch and randomly divided into four treatment groups of 32 chicks each viz., T0, T1, T2, and T3. Control group T0 was given standard ration with 100% normal maize based diet. The treatment Groups T1, T2, and T3 were given diets containing standard ration with 50%, 75% and 100% germinated maize, respectively. The significant increase in serum calcium and phosphorus along with significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase revealed that the use of germinated maize increase of availability of calcium and phosphorus for better production. A significant decrease in serum cholesterol and significant increase in total protein was also observed in all treated diets as compared to control. K e y w o r d s Poultry farming, chicken, turkeys, ducks etc Accepted: 12 August 2019 Available Online: 10 September 2019 Article Info Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(9): 1072-1084 1073 known for its black-colored meat, poor egg production, slow growth rate, smaller body size as well as late sexual maturity. The commonly available colours of Kadaknath are jet-black, pencilled and golden. In all the three varieties of Kadaknath breed, most of the internal organs exhibit intense black coloration which is due to the deposition of melanin pigment in the connective tissue of organs and in the dermis (Rao and Thomas 1984). It is being reared by tribal communities in its breeding tract of the Jhabua and Dhar districts in the western region of the state of Madhya Pradesh and in adjoining areas of the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan. Although the meat of this breed has an unattractive appearance, it has a delicious flavor (Panda and Mahapatra, 1989). The flesh of this breed is black, it is considered not only for the delicacy of distinctive taste and flavor, but also of medicinal value. Maize is one of the main cereals used worldwide in poultry ration. It is free of viscous non-starch polysaccharides, the major anti-nutritive factor present in most other cereals like barley, wheat and oats. At present the feed industry is using maize as a basic energy source in poultry diets. The nutritive value of maize seed depends on the technological processes used, such as milling, oil extraction, starch separation and germination. The nutritive value of maize and other cereals depends on germination. One of the most important methods to increase the nutritive value of the grains, cereal and oil seeds is to germinate them. The nutritional value of sprouted grains is improved due to the conversion of complex compounds into relatively simpler compounds that are nutritionally more valuable. Sprouting of grains has resulted in increased protein quantity and quality. Sprouting also increases the concentration of certain nutrients including sugars, minerals and vitamin contents. However, sprouting has resulted in decreased starch contents and dry matter content of grains. It also increases the enzyme contents of grains. Materials and Methods The present experiment was conducted on 128 day old Kadaknath chicks belonging to same hatch and randomly divided into four treatment groups of 32 chicks each viz., T0, T1, T2 and T3. Each group was further divided into four replications of 08 birds each. The duration of the experiment was carried out for 240 days. Control groups (T0) was given standard ration with 100% normal maize based diet. The treatment Group T1 was given diet containing standard ration with 50% germinated maize. The Group T2 was given diet containing standard ration with 75% germinated maize and Group T3 was given diet containing 100% germinated Maize. The experimental birds were vaccinated against Marek's disease, Ranikhet disease and Gumboro disease/IBD at appropriate time. The birds were housed in deep litter system in the well ventilated and lighted rooms and the feed was given ad.lib. with plenty of fresh water. The body weight of day old chicks was recorded on arrival and thereafter on weekly intervals. Blood was collected on every 30th days from each bird. About 3-4ml was collected from wing vein using 22-24 gauge needle in a clean dry vial for biochemical analysis. The blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature and separated serum stored at 4 ̊C till further analysis. The biochemical study was carried out using ERBA standard diagnostic kits. All observations were analyzed by using ANOVA (Snedecor and Cochran, 1994) to compare different treatment group. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(9): 1072-1084 1074 Results and Discussion Calcium and phosphorus The mean values of Calcium for T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 10.06±0.01, 11.36±0.01, 12.36±0.02 and 11.03±0.05, after 30 days, 10.72±0.05, 11.63±0.07, 12.44±0.05 and 11.31±0.03, after 60 days, 10.97±0.02, 11.93±0.02, 12.74±0.01 and 11.66±0.01, after 90 days, 10.33±0.01, 12.03±0.04, 12.96±0.01, and 11.88±0.02, after 120 days, 10.32±0.01, 12.15±0.10, 13.09±0.02 and 12.12±0.01, after 150 days, 10.63±0.01, 12.32±0.05, 13.34±0.01 and 12.36±0.03 after 180 days, 11.06±0.02, 12.56±0.03, 13.74±0.02 and 12.53±0.02, after 210 days and 11.01±0.01, 12.93±0.05, 13.98±0.05 and 12.75±0.02 after 240 days of study, respectively,. There was a significant change (P<0.01) in Calcium in treated groups as compared to control group (Table 01 and Figure 01). The mean values of Phosphorus of T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 11.79±0.01, 12.24±0.02, 12.82±0.01 and 11.94±0.02, after 30 days of study, 11.82±0.07, 12.76±0.07, 12.91±0.05 and 12.11±0.04, after 60 days 11.87±0.01, 12.87±0.02, 12.96±0.02 and 12.33±0.01, after 90 days 11.94±0.02, 12.92±0.02, 12.99±0.02, and 12.68±0.01, after 120 days 12.00±0.02, 12.94±0.02, 13.16±0.04 and 12.82±0.05, after 150 days 12.06±0.05, 13.26±0.01, 13.43±0.02 and 13.03±0.01 after 180 days 12.18±0.05, 13.49±0.01, 13.74±0.01 and 13.35±0.05, after 210 days 12.29±0.01, 13.94±0.02,14.12±0.04 and 13.80±0.01, respectively, after 240 days of study. There was a significant change (P<0.01) in Phosphorus except for days 30, 60,90, 150 and 240 days where the level was significance was P<0.05 in all treated groups as compared to control group (Table 01 and Figure 02). There was a significant (p<0.01) increase in the serum calcium level in all the treated groups as compared to control groups for germinated maize. The phosphorus concentration was significant (P<0.05) in days 30, 60, 90, 150 and 240 and highly significant after 120, 180 and 210 days of study. Alkaline and Acid Phosphatase (ALP and ACP) The mean values of Alkaline phosphatase for T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 153.15±0.02, 151.20±0.04, 150.65±0.11 and 151.80±0.04, after 30 days of study, 153.30±0.07, 150.77±0.04, 150.35±0.03 and 151.69±0.08, after 60 days, 153.64±0.02, 150±0.05, 149.96±0.03 and 151.37±0.04, after 90 days, 153.79±0.04, 150.29±0.04, 149.54±0.07, and 151.15±0.06, after 120 days, 154.50±0.07, 150.01±0.04, 149.38±0.07 and 150.78±0.05, after 150 days, 153.77±0.04, 149.83±0.04, 149.04±0.02 and 150.43±0.13 after 180 days, 153.88±0.03, 149.43±0.08, 148.74±0.05 and 150.02±0.10, after 210 days and 153.80±0.07, 149.28±0.08, 148.23±0.05 and 149.88±0.01, after 240 days of study, respectively. There was a significant change (P<0.01) in ALP except for days 30, 60 and 90 days where the level was significance was P<0.05 in treated groups as compared to control group (Table 02 and Figure 03). The mean values of Acid phosphatase were 7.87±0.03, 7.57±0.12, 6.69±0.01 and 7.69±0.13, after 30 days of study, 8.16±0.04, 7.29±0.02, 6.38±0.03 and 7.16±0.07, after 60 days 8.14±0.03, 6.97±0.02, 6.09±0.02 and 7.05±0.03, after 90 days 8.06±0.01, 6.67±0.03, 5.83±0.04, and 6.81±0.04, after 120 days 8.39±0.02, 6.30±0.04, 5.45±0.03 and 6.64±0.02, after 150 days 8.40±0.02,6.04±0.04, 5.31±0.05 and 6.30±0.02 after 180 days 8.42±0.01, 5.67±0.02, 5.16±0.02 and 6.19±0.02, after 210 days 8.19±0.02, 5.46±0.02,5.06±0.03 and 6.06±0.02 after 240 days, respectively, for T0, T1, T2 and T3. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(9): 1072-1084 1075 There was a significant change (P<0.01) in Acid phosphatase in treated groups as compared to control group (Table 02 and Figure 04). The present study revealed that there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in plasma alkaline phosphatase after 30, 60 and 90 days and acid phosphatase after 30 days, and in remaining days the activities of these enzymes were highly significant (P<0.01) in all the treated groups. Total proteins, Total cholesterol and glucose The mean values of Total protein for T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 7.01±0.03, 8.42±0.01, 9.13±0.03 and 8.12±0.01, after 30 days of study, 7.05±0.02, 8.65±0.16, 9.35±0.01 and 8.40±0.05, after 60 days, 7.90±0.02, 8.87±0.03, 9.30±0.04 and 8.42±0.01, after 90 days, 7.93±0.01, 8.57±0.02, 9.42±0.04, and 8.33±0.01,


30 MarcH 2017 | GeneVa Depression is the leading cause of ill health and disability worldwide. According to the latest estimates from WHO, more than 300 million people are now living with depression, an increase of more than 18% between 2005 and 2015. Lack of support for people with mental disorders, coupled with a fear of stigma, prevent many from accessing the treatment they need to live healthy, productive lives.


Relevance Theory (RT) assumes that human beings rely on one single interpretive principle, i.e. the principle of relevance, which they invariably use in their attempt to select the interlocutors' intended interpretation. This principle states that the hearer's interpretation is a process of relevance searching consistent with the speaker's presumption of optimal relevance, which provides an optimal balance of cognitive effects and mental effort. As it will be shown in this paper, this claim is valid for any type of ostensive communication. Compared with other pragmatics theories, RT possesses its own advantages in explaining pragmatic failure, giving consideration to both the speaker and the hearer in verbal communication. This paper applies Relevance Theory (RT) to a qualitative analysis and explores the causes of and measures to avoid or remedy pragmatic failure by using RT. It also tries to prove the interpreting force of RT. Based on the principle, we propose the definition of pragmatic failure and divide it roughly into communicators' misunderstanding of the deixis, propositional meaning and pragmatic force of the utterance. We also find out the root cause of pragmatic failure which is the inconsistency of cognitive environments of the communicators during their relevance-seeking interpretation. Furthermore, we suggest some measures to reduce or avoid pragmatic failure for the readers.


The distribution and relative frequency of nerves containing immunoreactivity for substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin‐releasing polypeptide (GRP), calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and menthionine‐enkephalin (MENK) were studied by immunohistochemistry in the gastrointestinal tract of the herbivorous Japanese field vole, Microtus montebelli.


The focus is on strengthening Islamic personal development involving students, teachers, and staff. The evaluation of new student admissions indicates that 25-30% of parents choose this school due to the motive of Islamic development. This qualitative research aims to analyze the impact of Islamic personality development on significant changes in students' religious aspects and understand parents' motivation in choosing SMP Islam Terpadu Bina Insan Kamil Sidareja as an educational institution for their children. Using a descriptive approach, data is obtained through document analysis, interviews, and observations of the Islamic boarding school program. The results show a positive impact of strengthening Islamic personal development, with specifically managed Islamic boarding school programs being a strong reason for high parental preference. The integrated management of Islamic personal development distinguishes this school, reinforcing the excellence in the field of religion as a primary strength in improving the quality and services of education. This research provides a deeper understanding of the importance of Islamic personality development in the context of Integrated Islamic education and contributes to the increase in the number of new student admissions.


A risk-based evaluation is performed in the meeting of future water demands in the Ganges Delta of Bangladesh (GDB). This evaluation is based on reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability performance indicators, which have been newly defined to capture the time varying characteristics of the Ganges River system. The analysis includes the impacts of climate change on both demands and resources, and the generation of synthetic flows of the Ganges River. The values of the indicators reveal that the expected demand of the GDB up to the year 2050 can be supplied with the proposed Ganges Barrage under the "no change" and "most likely" climatic scenarios, provided that the groundwater remains usable. However, if an additional upstream diversion from the transboundary rivers takes place in India and/or a "possible adverse" change in climate occurs, the consequences may be devastating.


Self-assembled mesoporous CuO nanospheres (CuO NSs) and hollow Cu2O microspheres (Cu2O MSs) were synthesized by a facile ethylene glycol–water solvothermal method without any surfactants. The formation and evolution of copper oxides were investigated by controlling the synthesis conditions. The as-prepared CuxO materials showed an excellent adsorption capability for the quick removal of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) dye in water.


Objective: To clarify the changes of respiratory drive in pre-respiratory failure patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the profiles of control of breathing were investigated. To evaluate the clinical significance of making the stage of pre-respiratory failure in COPD. Methods: About 30 normal control volunteers, 30 patients with COPD and 30 pre-respiratory failure patients with COPD were enrolled in our trial. The pulmonary functions, analysis of arterial blood gas, respiratory drive-the mouth occlusion pressure at 0.1 s after onset (P0.1), corrected P0.1 (P0.1/MV) and inspiratory impedance (P0.1/VT/Ti) were measured in the three groups. Results: P0.1 and P0.1/MV were significantly increased in the COPD pre-respiratory failure group compared with that in other two groups. In both COPD groups, P0.1/VT/Ti was significantly higher than that in the control group (P =0.002). Otherwise, P0.1, P0.1/MV and P0.1/VT/Ti were significantly negatively related to PaO2 and FEV1%(rS=-0.769, -0.495, -0.543; -0.747, -0.480, -0.526, P 0.01), whereas positively correlated with PaO2 (rS=0.270, 0.312, 0.369 P 0.05, 0.01, 0.01). Conclusions: Measurement of P0.1, P0.1/MV and P0.1/VT/Ti in our research reveals increased of neuromuscular drive, inspiratory impedance, and decreased of respiratory efficiency, respiratory storage capacity in COPD pre-respiratory failure subjects. In pre-respiratory failure patients with COPD, respiratory drive parameters P0.1, P0.1/MV and P0.1/VT/Ti are significantly increased compared with those in control group and COPD group. That is to say when COPD progresses into the stage of pre-respiratory failure, many aspects from analysis of arterial blood gas, pulmonary functions to respiratory drive, have taken place significant changes, which in turn, demonstrated that the COPD pre-respiratory failure stage is indeed a critical one. Monitoring the changes of all above parameters will help us to evaluate the degree of COPD and to take measures to cure the disease.


X Samuel Andrew Hires, Adam Schuyler, Jonathan Sy, Vincent Huang, Isis Wyche, Xiyue Wang, and David Golomb Neurobiology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia; and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Physics, and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Be'er-Sheva, Israel


With the ongoing enlargement of urban areas and the increasing density of urban populations, there is a limit in terms of land area to accommodate diverse urban-based facilities. Recently, multi-level urban planning, one of the techniques for regenerating urban areas, has been used as a solution to various urban problems. Multi- level urban planning is a development method that introduces a three-dimensional perspective to the existing two-dimensional planning in order to utilize urban areas more efficiently. The multi-level development of urban area uses several methods together, and produces a new type of development. Therefore, the purpose of level-dimensional urban planning is to contribute to the efficient development of future urban areas by adopting a clearer type concept. Through the analysis of preceding articles and references, ' level-dimensional Urban Planning' was classified into three-dimensional city planning, multi-level urban planning, multi-level multi-level underground


NPA is a burning issue of the Indian Banking Sector. So the main purposes of the paper is to identify the trends in the NPA and wilful defaults of banks, identify association between NPA and banks' credit growth, NPA and economic growth and to propose measures for reducing the same.


Local binary pattern (LBP) is a frequently-used texture descriptor. Lots of LBP-variants have been proposed to improve its performance of representing textures. However, most of them ignore the global and neighbour-difference information of an image texture. In this study, the authors propose a structural difference histogram representation by fusing the segmented structure pattern (SSP), the refined LBP (RLBP) and the neighbour-difference pattern (NDP) for texture classification. Particularly, the segmented structure, which contains the global contour information of an image texture, is first constructed to compute its SSP histogram feature. Simultaneously, the RLBP is defined to represent the local texture information. Furthermore, the NDP is presented to describe differences between neighbours of a centre pixel in the local patch of texture images. Experimental results on Brodatz and Columbia-Utrecht reflectance databases indicate that the proposed method can achieve the satisfactory classification accuracy compared with several representative methods.


In support of the High Flux Isotope Reactor Program, experimental determinations were made of friction factors, burnout heat fluxes, and average and local nonboiling heat-transfer coefficients for ...


Agriculture is a vital sector for the achievement of food security, employment creation and economic growth in the world. The climatic and soil conditions of Ethiopia allow cultivation of a wide range of horticultural crop and has a variety of vegetable crops grown in different agro ecological zones produced through commercial as well as small farmers both as a source of income as well as food. Various types of vegetable crops are grown in Ethiopia under rain-fed and irrigation systems. In Ethiopia the total land covered by potato, tomato and cabbage was 160,000ha; 3,677ha and 38,000ha respectively. The objective of this study was to analyze determinants rural youth participation in major vegetable production in the study area. Three stage sampling procedures were used in this study. The primary data were collected through focus group discussion, key informant interview, interview schedule and observation. Secondary data were collected from review of related literatures and documents. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and econometric model such as binary logit regression were used for analyzing quantitative data. The result of binary logit regression model analysis revealed that marital status, education level, farm experience, agricultural input supply, land size, access to irrigation and livestock ownership were statistically significant in affecting youth's to participate in major vegetable production. Therefore, this result implies that improving farmers' level of education, encouraging the agricultural input supply, facilitate opportunity to access more land, improving livestock production system and creating favorable access to irrigation and local government need to encourage youth to participate in major vegetable production.


In order to examine the effects of micrometeorological and climatological influences on urban scale particulate air pollutants observed in Busan, power spectrum analysis was applied to the observed particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 ㎛(PM₁?) for the period from 1991 to 2006. Power spectrum analysis has been employed to the daily mean PM₁? concentrations obtained at 13 sites to identify different scales of periodicities of PM₁? concentrations. The results show that, aside from the typical and well-known periodicities such as diurnal and annual variations caused by anthropogenic emission influences, another two significant peaks of power spectrum density were identified: 21 day and 3~4 year of periodicities. Cospectrum analysis indicates that the intraseasonal 21 day periodicity are found to be negatively correlated with wind speed and surface pressure but shows consistently positive with relative humidity and temperature. This result implied that 21 day periodicity is presumably relevant to the secondary aerosol formation processes through the photochemical reaction that can be subsequently resulted from hygroscopic characteristics of aerosol formation. However, the interannual 3~4 year of periodicity is found to have positive correlation with pressure, and negative with temperature and relative humidity, which is rather consistent with both characteristics of air mass during the Asian dust event and the occurrence frequency of Asian dust whose periodicities have been recorded inter-annually over the Korean peninsula.


What were the real nature and role of the annus mirabilis, 1905, in Physics? In this paper we discuss in a historical perspective Planck's and Einstein's contributions as the fundamental steps in the scientific transformations (the latter with a sharper sense of methodological awareness) that led from the mechanistic and reductionist approach of 19 th century physics to the fulfillment of the formal revolution of quantum mechanics. This process underwent with further scientific breaks, in the context of the social and economic situation and the corresponding role of science.The mechanistic approach adopted in physics at the end of the 19 th century not only produced difficulties and contradictions, but resulted in the limitation of further scientific development. Chemists were the first, at that time, to perceive such limits, and introduce a thermodynamic approach, whose role in the revolution in physics must be underlined. Planck was the first physicist to introduce a procedure that broke with mechanism, although he can hardly be attributed with the concept of the quantum as a physical quantity. It was Einstein's ability that stands out for his role in overcoming reductionism and introducing a new physical methodology.


The Senate's immigration reform bill's DREAM Act repeals federal law that prohibits any state from offering in-state tuition rates to illegal aliens unless the state also offers in-state tuition rates to all U.S. citizens. The DREAM Act would retroactively change federal law to pardon ten states which have enacted laws in violation of that policy. This Backgrounder argues that allowing in-state tuition for illegal aliens encourages the violation of federal immigration law and is unfair to legal aliens and out-of state U.S. citizens. It shows how the DREAM Act would create another type of amnesty for illegal aliens who entered the country before the age of 16 and concludes that the Rule of Law can be fully restored only if all levels of government are working to uphold it.


The identification of the cost function, the optimization of which generates the optimal behavior of a dynamic system, is one of the most challenging problems in the areas of sensorimotor control, machine learning and control theory. The problem could be state as follows: given the dynamics of a system and by observing its behavior we ask what is the cost function that if it was optimized it would generate the observed dynamic behavior. In the optimal control theory framework the problem of estimating the cost has been first addressed by Kalman [1]. In this work, the quadratic cost was recovered under the assumption that the weight assigned to the control quadratic term of the cost function is a scalar. In [2] author solve the inverse problem in optimal control by estimating the weight matrices Q and R using LMIs. This work is an extension of the work by Kalman since there is no assumption regarding the form of the weight matrices incorporated in the quadratic cost function. Both previous approaches address the inverse problem of optimal control for the case of deterministic linear dynamic systems. In the machine learning community the problem of deriving the cost function by observing behavior has been mainly addressed insight the Reinforcement Learning framework. More precisely in [3] , a robot learns how to execute a demonstrated trajectory. The cost function used for this task is quadratic with respect to the error measured given the desired trajectory. This approach could be used only in cases where the planning phase of task consists of the definition of a desired trajectory. In human motor tasks such reaching movements the biomechanical redundancy and the trial by trail variability has been successfully explained [4], [5] without assuming the existence of any desired trajectory (minimum intervention principle). Moreover, the existence of a desired trajectory leads to a suboptimal motor behavior based on the biomechanical and noise characteristics of the human motor system.


The purpose of this paper is to propose an efficient numerical method for solving singular ordinary differential equations of Lane-Emden type. The singularity at initial point of the problem leads to failure of many methods such as Euler method, Runge-Kutta method, etc. The proposed method is based on shifted Legendre-Gauss-Radau collocation points and the corresponding interpolation. The first step is to convert second-order ordinary differential equation to an equivalent first order ordinary differential system, and the shifted Legendre-Gauss-Radau points are utilized to collocate the first order ordinary differential system except the initial point. Then computation of the nonlinear initial value problem is reduced to a nonlinear algebraic system. Since evaluation includes no singular point, the difficulty of singularity is overcome. Due to the stability of Gauss-type interpolation, the proposed method possesses high accuracy which is observed by several numerical tests. Also, the method can be done by proceeding in time step by step. Illustrative examples have been discussed to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique, and the results have been compared with the exact solution. Introduction Recently, the studies of singular initial value problems in ordinary differential equations have attracted the attention of mathematicians and astrophysics. One of the most important equations is the Lane-Emden type equation, which describes the equilibrium density distribution in selfgravitating sphere of polytrophic isothermal gas, and has a singularity at the origin and is of fundamental importance in the field of stellar structure, radiative cooling and modeling of clusters of galaxies [1-3]. The general form of Lane-Emden equations is 0 , 0 ), ( )) ( , ( ) ( ' ) ( ' '       m T t t g t y t f t y t m t y (1) With initial condition . ) 0 ( ' , ) 0 ( b y a y   (2) The solution of the Lane-Emden equations is numerically challenging due to the singularity behavior at the origin and nonlinearities. There are a lot of literatures for approximate solutions to (1-2), which include Adomian decomposition method [4-6], homotopy perturbation method [7-8], variational iteration method [9-10], differential transformation method [11-12], Legendre wavelets method [13-15], Legendre tau method [16], Sinc-collocation method [17], Chebyshev spectral method [18], nonclassical Radau collocation method [19], etc. For solving (1-2) numerically, we first convert the second-order ordinary differential equation to an equivalent first order ordinary differential system. Let . Then from (1-2) we obtain Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Material Engineering and Application (ICMEA 2016) Copyright © 2016, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 496 Advances in Engineering Research, volume 103


X-ray diagnosis of closed traumatic injuries of the facial skull is a difficult task due to the complexity of its anatomical structure. Improvement of technique and technique of X-ray examination changes the former idea about the nature of facial cranial traumatic injuries. The purpose of this work was to determine and clarify the nature of injuries to the facial skull and its components and to carry out their differential diagnosis. The role and possibilities of each of the radiological methods of examination of the injured appeared to be of no small importance.


In last week's cabinet reshuffle, David Cameron announced that he was nominating Jonathan Hill, a relative unknown, to be Britain's next European Commissioner. In this post addressed to Hill, Mareike Kleine provides three suggestions for how to be a good Commissioner and still serve the British interest.


Abstract The article presents an attempt to incorporate AIDS education throughout the undergraduate social work curriculum. A two-tiered model of AIDS education is developed. The first stage focuses on students as a sexually active, at-risk group and provides information for their personal use. Building upon this base, the model proceeds to educate students as compassionate, ethical professionals prepared to provide services to people with AIDS. A number of learning exercises are discussed that can be integrated into the social work curriculum.


Photocathodes with relatively low energy spread ( 150A∕cm2) with very long lifetime (approximately hundreds of hours/spot). Experimental results of the photoelectron energy spread obtained in CsBr films deposited on both metal and InGaN substrates will be presented in this paper.


Measurements of emittance were made on samples of solar cell coverglasses incorporating new coatings both on C-7940 fused silica and on CMX ceria doped microsheet. Samples of a conventional, MgF/sub 2/ coating on the same two types of coverglass substrate were included in the measurements as controls. Measurements were made by the calorimetric method of total hemispherical emittance within a cooled chamber as well as by the more common infrared reflectance method. Emittance enhancements from 1 to 4% were measured for the new coatings.<<ETX>>


Objective Clinical understanding of female nursing staff during the demand and status of reproductive health,As the pregnancy health care to provide reference.Methods A survey research methods.the 2 local general hospital clinical female nursing stcff survey questionnaire,on female reproductive health and maternal demand issues relating to the anonymous survey.Questionnaires were sent to438,recycles 438,the recovery rate is 100%,which effectively answer406answer92.7%,effective rate.Results Clinical nursing personnel of female reproductive health decline.During adverse reactions increase,mainly for infertility and spontaneous abortion.Conclusion Work pressure,night shift female nursing staff frequently is influenced by the clinical pregnancy health factors.The hospital should pay attention to the nursing staff during pregnancy needs,to ensure physical and mental health.


A generalized Lyness equation is investigated,that is x n+1 =cx n+d(a+bx n)x n-1 ,n=0,1,2,… where a,b,c,d∈[0,+∞),a+b0,c+d0 and the initial values x -1 ,x 0 can be arbitrary positive numbers.As an application,periodicity and oscillation of the equation x n+1 =max{cx n,d}max{a,bx n}x n-1 ,n=0,1,2,… are mainly discussed.


Interface phenomena are most fascinating because of the mixing of different scales and the interference of diverse physical processes. This monograph takes a unified approach to answer practical questions dealing with inelastic gas-surface scattering, the kinetics of adsorption layers, the evolution of inhomogeneities and defects at the surface, the Knudsen layer, the development of boundary conditions on the kinetic and gas-dynamical levels, the determination of exchange and slip coefficients, and so on. Applications are taken from the aerodynamics and gas-dynamics of hypersonic flows, the aerothermochemistry of flying vehicles, thin-film growing technologies, biology and ecology. The book's four parts discuss molecule scattering, adsorption kinetics, some pheonomenological models of thin-film growth, and the kinetic boundary conditions and inverse scattering problem.


This research discusses the six (6) elements of tourism destinations and their impacts on local communities in Ranau, Sabah. The elements are attractions, accessibility, amenities, available packages, activities and ancillary services. A total of 200 respondents were involved in this survey based on a set of questionnaires. The results indicated that there are six elements of tourism destination in the study area and the most prominent element is the attraction element as it potentially enhances awareness on the conservation of the cultural and social heritage among the local community. The results of this research are beneficial to all stakeholders, especially the Government, tourism-related industry, the hospitality industry, and the local community to improve the performance of the elements at the destination. Overall, the existence of tourism destination elements in a tourism area provides satisfaction to tourists and encourages return visits and provides assistance to local communities such as raising income, quality of life and cultivating the spirit of cooperation and self-esteem towards the future development of heritage tourism destinations.


The issue of comparative evaluation of oncological and functional outcomes of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) is widely discussed in the international literature. A key point in studying the oncological efficacy of both techniques is a comparative evaluation of positive surgical margin (PSM) rates as one of the main prognostic factors influencing the further course of prostate cancer. Available data so far are inconsistent, which prompted us to conduct our own research. A retrospective analysis was performed in two groups of patients who underwent RARP (n = 63) and RRP (n = 116) from January 2014 to April 2015. Despite a general trend towards lower PSM rates in RARP group compared to RRP group (12.7 and 21.6%, respectively, p = 0.09), no significant differences were found in the stratification of patients in both groups depending on the risk of prostate cancer progression and pathological stage. These data show the potential equality of the two methods regarding intraoperative control of resection margins.


The main aim of this article is to provide a critical analysis of selected provisions of the Directive and Regulation in respect of the capital requirements for banking and finance sector in the European Union. It focuses on the analysis of the following aspects: (i) proposed regimes, mechanisms and legal structures creating the European framework on the capital requirements; (ii) implications of the new legislation for the banking sector and for the national regulatory authorities; (iii) certain similarities between the Third Basel Accord prepared by the Basel Committee on the Banking Supervision and the proposed EU capital requirements package; and (iv) implications of the legislation for the Polish banking and finance sector. As the global financial crisis reshaped the approach to the banking institutions throughout the world, the authorities started to be more concerned about the safety and creation of certain mechanisms preventing the sudden issues of the banks and financial institutions, which were in consequence resolved by the taxpayers. The cooperation between EU authorities and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision resulted in the creation of the new framework on the capital requirements for the European Banking sector. To a certain extent, the EU proposal is a part of global, legal framework setting out harmonized rules ensuring the general stabilization in the banking and finance sector. It also constitutes a continuation of the EU policy on ensuring the safety of the European banking and finance sector.


Chinese knot standing in a cultural heritage of the starting point,reflects the beauty and truth,good harmony and unity,which is a combination of content and formal beauty of the body.This paper traces the emergence and development of culture end,of the Chinese knot,as the characteristics of an independent system of signs,as well as Chinese knot in real life,the symbolism,through this study,summed up Chinese knots the feasibility of the design elements used in design law applied to design Chinese knot in the new modern products to promote the national cultural heritage protection.


Abstract In the context of reflections on modernity, an increasingly widespread belief seems to be emerging: the subject at which it is necessary to direct our attention, to which to throw a lifeline as it were, is the concrete and real human being, alone and at the same time besieged by increasingly tight and numerous systemic schemes. Are the "human subject" and his social context only undergoing a deep transformation, or are they actually in danger? This "new" knowledge involves all the humanistic and social sciences, such as philosophy, anthropology, psychology, economics, political science, and theology, in a sort of fusion and pact for mankind. Great spiritualities include life experiences and ideas that reverberate on everyday life, lifestyles, and culture. From the very beginning, Chiara Lubich's spirituality, is based on two fundamental concepts: unity and forsaken Jesus, has been perceived as a new way to know God, but also as an idea that is able to renew human life, as well as to penetrate social and cultural realities.


A dual frequency and dual directional antenna is an antenna with maximum gain in two different directions for two different frequencies. Maximum gain will be reached by the matrix method. This will be applied for two different situations. In the first we maximize the gain at one frequency and one direction under the constraint that the gain at the other frequency and direction has a given value. In the second we maximize the gain at one frequency and one direction under the constraint that it has a given relation with the gain in the other. A comparison between the two methods shows some practical considerations.


Since the advent of customer energy efficiency programs in the 1970s and 1980s, utilities have faced key financial disincentives for such efforts due to the structure of utility rates and the processes used to determine those rates. Without addressing these structural financial barriers and disincentives, utilities work against their own financial objectives by paying for and providing customer energy efficiency programs. The policy solutions are well established and some states have had them in place for many years. This paper examines the effectiveness of supportive regulatory frameworks for utility energy efficiency programs for a small set of selected utilities. We interviewed key contacts from within the utilities themselves and from regulatory agencies and other stakeholder groups. We also examined the financial performance of the selected utilities after the enactment of regulatory mechanisms that address the utility business model. We also examined trends in overall program expenditures in relationship to regulatory changes. We were especially interested in looking at how corporate priorities and decision making regarding customer energy efficiency programs have been affected by regulatory changes addressing financial barriers. As utilities seek to achieve high energy savings through customer programs, the need to address financial barriers becomes more critical. The results of our research suggest that utilities can have large, robust energy efficiency programs and still perform well financially.


ed by Josiah C. Merkel, Nick T. Kin, Cody B. Scott and Hailee N. Skala, who are undergraduate students; and Bradley J. Cardinal, who is a professor, in the Kinesiology Program at Oregon State University in Corvallis, OR. What Was the Question? Pinkerton, Tobin, Querfurth, Pena and Wilson (2017) analyzed the natural interactions between the use of social networking sites and physical activity. With the growing influence that social media has on our lives, it is important to understand what role this plays in relation to health promotion and physical activity. What reasons do people have for sharing or not sharing information about their physical activity, and how do people respond to postings by others?


This paper conrms the fascinating result that we can design chaotic Neural Networks (NNs) that have a random topology and that these NNs can achieve chaotic Pattern Recognition (PR). What we imply by this is that the NN yields a strong periodic or more frequent signal when a pattern is recognized, and in between two consecutively recognized patterns, none of the trained patterns are recalled. Finally, and most impor- tantly, if an untrained pattern is presented, the system yields a chaotic signal. The basic model that we use here is the Adachi Neural Network (AdNN), which we modify in a random manner. The AdNN is a fascinating NN which has been shown to possess chaotic properties, and to also demonstrate Associative Memory (AM) and PR, and some of its variants have also been used to obtain other PR phenomena, including blurring. All these NNs require a quadratic number of computations in the training phase. This computa- tion was reduced to be linear in (1) by resorting to a Maximum Spanning Tree topology, and a gradient search method. In this paper, we mainly consider the issue of how the network topology can be modied by involving randomized connections so as to render the new network much closer to \real" NNs. At the same time, we require that the newly obtained network still displays PR characteristics. To achieve this, we rst construct a random network by means of the E-R model and then address the problem of computing the weights for the new network. This is done by constraining the the modied random connection-based NN to have approximately the same input-output characteristics using a gradient-based algorithm. Through a detailed experimental analysis, we show that the new random AdNN-like network possesses PR properties for appropriate settings. As far as we know, such a random AdNN has not been reported, and our present results are novel.


A total number of 300 females Dokky 4 at 8-wks-old were randomly taken to study the prediction of productive performance by measurements of blood plasma calcium, glucose and alkaline phosphatase activity at 8 weeks of age. Birds were divided into three equal groups according to the level of each blood plasma calcium, glucose and alkaline phosphatase activity. Each group were subdivided into two subgroups according to the level of plasma calcium (10.59 vs 8.78 mg/dl), glucose (170.09 vs 137.16 mg/100 ml) and alkaline phosphatase (201.11 vs 173.23 Iu/L) as high and low groups. Birds of high plasma calcium concentration had significantly higher body weight at 12, 16 and 20 weeks of age, body weight gain during all periods studied, body weight at sexual maturity, egg number production and egg mass than that in birds of low plasma calcium concentration. While, hens with lower plasma calcium concentration matured earlier than higher ones. Birds of high plasma glucose concentration had insignificantly higher body weight at all ages studied, body weight gain during all periods, body weight at sexual maturity and egg weight than the lower ones. While, earlier of the sexual maturity, egg number production and egg mass were shown in hens of low plasma glucose concentration higher than the high ones. Birds with higher plasma alkaline phosphatase activity gave significantly (P≤0.05) body weight at 12, 16 and 20 weeks of age, body weight gain during periods 8-12 and 12- 16 weeks of age, earlier sexual maturity and body weight at sexual maturity greater than that the lower plasma alkaline phosphatase activity. While, egg produced from hens with low plasma alkaline phosphatase activity was better than that produced from the high ones. Plasma calcium seemed to be positively correlated with body weigh at all ages studied, body weight gain during periods 8-12 and 12-16 weeks, body weight at sexual maturity, egg number and egg mass. Body weight at 8 and 12 weeks of age, body weight gain during periods 8-12 and 16-20 weeks and both body weight and age at sexual maturity were positively correlated with


There are indications that glyphosate could affect the phosphorus nutrition of soybean. Thus the present study was to evaluate P uptake absorption and allocation in soybean after glyphosate application. Two experiments were conducted in green-house in randomized complete block. The 1 st experiment evaluated the glyphosate at 0,0; 1,5; 3,0; 6,0 and 12,0 g ha -1 and the 2 nd experiment evaluated the glyphosate at 0,0; 200; 400 and 800 g ha -1 . Glyphosate was applied at 21 days after plant emergence in foliar soybean variety 'Valiosa RR'. Then the plants were grown in nutrient solution using the technique of exhaustion of the solution. After the exhaustion test, the plants were collected for determination of dry matter and P contents in shoots and roots. Although it was not possible to determine the kinetics of absorption, was not observed stimulatory effect of P uptake in soybean after applied at low rates or depressant effect when applied at compatible rates with those recommended for weed control.


One of solutions that is often used in recent times in street networks is vertical shift in pavement level at mid-block pedestrian crossings. This measure is aimed at reducing vehicle speed and increasing the motorist yield rate. Research results about the influence of raised mid-block pedestrian crossings on pedestrian and driver behaviour are presented through analysis of traffic flow parameters. The research was conducted at a mid-block signalised pedestrian crossing prior to and after rehabilitation of that crossing.


COPYRIGHT © 2022 Freeman and Je ery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Is decompression in acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation overvalued?


Women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Whether HDP is also associated with later‐life dementia has not been fully explored.


Single phase microcrystalline ribbon flakes with the average elemental composition Ni50.4Mn34.9In14.7 were produced by rapid quenching using melt spinning technique. Fracture cross section micrographs of ribbons show the formation of a columnar-like microstructure, with the longer axis of grains aligned perpendicular to ribbon plane. X-ray diffraction and thermomagnetic analysis show that samples are single phase with L21-type austenite as high-temperature parent phase (Curie point of 284 K). At low temperatures austenite transforms into a ten-layered structurally modulated monoclinic martensite. The characteristic phase transition temperatures and thermal hysteresis of the reversible martensite–austenite transformation were MS = 262 K, Mf = 245 K, AS = 262 K, Af = 270 K and ΔT = 10 K. The crystalline directions [2 2 0] of austenite and [1 2 5] of martensite were found preferentially oriented normal to the ribbon plane. The measurement of magnetization isotherms up to 80 kOe confirmed the occurrence of the field-induced reverse martensitic transformation.


The main advantages of using direct injection in an SI engine, such as lower fuel consumption and higher thermal efficiency, implicate a new problem concerning gasoline engines: the emission of particulate matter. The observed issue has been a significant direction of development of the contemporary DISI engine over the last decade. This paper contains an overview of the results of PN emission, which were obtained from experiments conducted at BoSMAL and from the literature. Current and future legal regulations regarding PN emissions were collated to the test results.


Interest in the study of photon migration through biological tissue was prompted by the rapid development of optical devices used in the field of diagnostic and therapeutic medicine. These optical devices depend upon the behavior of biological tissue in response to irradiation by ultraviolet, infrared and visible light sources. The optical properties of tissue can be studied extensively using computer simulation methods. A Monte Carlo model has been developed to study photon diffusion in a homogeneous diffusive isotropically scattering tissue medium. The depth distribution of the photons within the simulated medium confirms the use of surface optical measurements to access deep tissue optical properties.


The vocational guidance practices were born with the industrial capitalist societies of earlier twentieth century, responding to their demands in an adaptive manner. In the same way as it has occurred in other areas of the social field, along its path, critical speeches as well as counter-hegemonic procedures have been generated. On this still-persisting ideological tension, it has turned necessary to visualize the relationship of vocational guidance, as a professional practice, with the profound current social inequalities that are certainly present during in the process of taking a decision. Any historization or genealogy of the speeches and practices in vocational guidance should place the social aspects at the center of debate. In this way, it would be avoided the ideological covering up through elegant and subtle means, supported by a theoretical-technical knowledge. Undoubtedly, to back the long-time transited path would be difficult due to the multiplicity of experiences and bibliography that has been produced all these years. In this work, we tried to point some key events that, in our opinion, have determined the thinking and doing in the field of vocational guidance. It is worth noting that this is not just a summary task but an illustration of the working methods associated to some specific emblematic authors.


imbrication of communications and information technologies in the day-today life of our own era, suggest that poststructuralist readings of the conditioning role of cultural practices cannot easily be cast aside. Overall, Katznelson is supportive of the work of Williams and Thompson. But critical thought, as much caught up as any other social practice in the upheavals of a world moving rapidly from industrial to post-industrial modes of life, needs to do all it can to keep its conflicting theoretical streams together. In this book, Ira Katznelson has gone a long way toward achieving the sort of open, flexible, materially based Marxism he set out to create in the first place. Nevertheless, Left-identified theorists are going to have to find more powerful ways of living together intellectually. The task of saving Marxism from itself demands, at this juncture, a pragmatic and eclectic rethinking of the very modernist epistemologies which the original discourse of the Left helped to create. —JOSEPH KLING


Making Application Dictionary English-Indonesian Indonesian-English & sets about the search word in the form of English-Indonesia or vice versa. Dictionary application is equipped with some form of which form as a word search facility, either in the form of an English-Indonesia or vice versa. Not only the search word, this dictionary is available in the application form along with an explanation search for example sentences that may be required by the user. It is also available as another form of facilities, namely the addition of facilities used words and phrases to add pembendaharaan words and sentences in this dictionary application can be UK-Indonesia or vice versa. Besides this dictionary is also equipped with help menus that used to know how to use this dictionary application.


The ablation damage thresholds for electron beam evaporated HfO2/SiO2 single-, double-, and triple-layer systems of (lambda) /4 optical thickness ((lambda) equals 248 nm) are measured by the pulsed photoacoustic mirage technique. It is shown that the apparent threshold depends on the specific system design and results are interpreted in terms of the electric field distribution in the respective configuration. For one system it is demonstrated that the threshold for the onset of damage measured by the mirage technique can be enhanced by a factor of two when the layers are deposited by laser assisted evaporation technique.


The present invention is an activated carbon made by the activated carbon or the conventional method of manufacturing by a carbonaceous material carbonized and, after activation in water vapor content of 15% by volume less than or equal to atmosphere, keeping the water vapor content of the gas composition was cooled to less than 300 ℃ a substantially oxygen and heat-treated in that does not include an atmosphere of water vapor to more than 500 ℃, the gas composition of the substantially metal on activated carbon prepared by cooling to less than 300 ℃ in an atmosphere containing no oxygen and water vapor, a phthalocyanine compound and / or metal impregnated oxide deodorant and to its method of manufacture.


Our proposed way is for resolving computer system failures. Especially, the way is for the computer system failures that are combined with infrastructure problems and software problems. The purpose of the proposed way is that software engineers alone can detect true system faults that combined with infrastructure problems and software problems. The feature of the proposed way is to make events sequences including not only infrastructure events but also software events. The events have the time stamp, IP source address, IP destination address, and protocol type. After that, the events are lined by time series. Many sequences of events in the computer system are automatically generated in a tool that has been developed by us. In addition, we tried to apply our proposed way to a typical system failure of a web application. As a result, if a system failure occurs, the tool automatically selects sequences related to the system failure using IP address and the failure occurrence time. We confirmed that the tool helps software engineers detect faults that are caused by a verge error message "session error" in a web application.


Collection of a sample and securing, storing, preparing and determining it may have an influence on the end result o f chemo-toxicological analysis. The aim o f the research was to investigate the influence o f different methods o f preparing material for analysis (without mineralization, conventional heating in Bethge apparatus, microwave digestion) and also two analytical methods (F-AAS, ICP-OES) on the results o f determination o f some elements in samples o f biological material (blood, urine, bile, sections o f internal organs) which are commonly analysed in forensic expert examinations. The method o f mineralization in Bethge appa ratuses (with conventional heating) allowed us to obtain comparable results to those obtained by a more modern method micro wave digestion regardless o f which method was used to analyse the samples (ICP-OES or F-AAS), with the exception o f Cd, for which lower results were obtained by the F-AAS method after mineralization in Bethge apparatus. Furthermore, it was ascer tained that in cases where time o f analysis plays a significant role (e.g. in diagnosing acute poisonings by metal compounds), analysis o f urine can be carried out without preliminary decomposition o f the sample in acids: for most studied metals (besides Hg, Pb and Li), the sample only needs to be appropriately diluted. The influence o f the analytical method on results o f determina tion o f heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd and Cr) in samples o f autopsy material (body fluids, sections o f internal organs) was ob served to be insignificant. For example, concentrations of Cr in urine collected from persons who had not been poisoned, as determined by the ICP-OES method, were about 30% higher than those obtained by the F-AAS method. In samples o f NIST Bo vine Liver 1577b somewhat higher concentrations o f Cu, Mn and Zn were obtained by the ICP-OES method than by the F-AAS method.


Ammonia, a common constituent of wastewaters, is toxic to a wide range of aquatic organisms. Fish are the most sensitive species and cold-water, oxygen-sensitive, fish such as trout are the most vulnerable. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has developed models of fish-tolerance to ammonia levels. These criteria have been adopted in Australian Water Quality Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Waters [1]. Given that the toxicity of ammonia is dependent on the prevailing temperature and pH, allowable concentrations of ammonia in aquatic systems such as lakes and estuaries must take these factors into account. We describe a simple procedure for estimating the allowable ammonia concentrations in discharges from wastewater treatment plants to ensure protection of aquatic biota. The procedure incorporates the USEPA fish-tolerance models and considers the dependency of ammonia on ambient temperature and pH levels and the volume of discharge and recieving waters.


Caste in contemporary Indian society has often been seen as a remainder of waning tradition. Advent of egalitarian liberalism and/or capitalism is taken to be the force of change which is destroying or restricting the relevance of caste in contemporary society. Against such a view, this paper will argue that caste remains an important frame of reference for defining people's identity especially in rural society. In particular, I would like to discuss the role of people's agency in the reshaping of caste in contemporary rural Orissa. It is the aggregate efforts of different groups of people in local situations to constantly redefine the form and meaning of caste that maintains its relevance. I feel this aspect has been neglected in many previous theories, which have tended to consider caste concerns merely in terms of the presence or absence of 'hierarchy' or in terms of 'substantialized' group formations.


Requirements engineering represents the most crucial stage in the complex systems development process. Contemporary methods of requirements engineering assume a wide application of models (described, for example, with such languages as SysML or OPM), which allows to ensure the consistency and completeness of the system descriptions. The article assesses the applicability of the Archimate language to support the process of requirements engineering when creating complex technical systems. Requirements engineering method for complex technical systems, suitable for models described by the Archimate language is proposed. Detailed example demonstrating the proposed method when developing system requirements is given. The limitations of the Archimate language applicability for the engineering of systems of various classes are described.


6-digit matrix display can be con- trolled by computer via the PPI 8255. To be able to control it, is required transistors, resistors and LED as it looks. The series is created as board designated notice the price at the exit toll booth. The program used for control is made using a programming tool Delphy. Through programs this tool is controlled by the data is standard and is designed for ap- pearance of the appliance in accordance with pressing a few buttons on a keyboard. Bibliography (2002-2005)