The Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG) is a high-efficiency generator being developed for potential use on a Discovery 12 space mission. Lockheed Martin designed and fabricated the ASRG Engineering Unit (EU) under contract to the Department of Energy. This unit was delivered to NASA Glenn Research Center in 2008 and has been undergoing extended operation testing to generate long-term performance data for an integrated system. It has also been used for tests to characterize generator operation while varying control parameters and system inputs, both when controlled with an alternating current (AC) bus and with a digital controller. The ASRG EU currently has over 27,000 hours of operation. This paper summarizes all of the tests that have been conducted on the ASRG EU over the past 3 years and provides an overview of the test results and what was learned.


Abstract The study examines the role educational institution plays in fostering entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. The study employed survey research design using primary source of data through the administration of structured questionnaire on twelve (12) selected Federal Universities from the total population of forty-three (43) Federal Universities as approved by the National Universities Commission (NUC, 2019). This was determining through the use of multi-stage sampling technique. The multi-stage sampling techniques are simple ransom and quota sampling techniques. The techniques were used to draw the sample size of five-hundred and four (504) respondents from sampled Universities. The total number of questionnaires that was returned is four-hundred and ninety-nine (499). Regression statistics and Analysis of Variance revealed the coefficient and P-value of vocational centre (0.154069951; P=0.000495<0.05); entrepreneurship exhibition (0.368947844; P=9.03E-18>0.05); professional entrepreneurs (0.162502515; P=4.9E-05>0.05) and seed capital (0.289112176; P=3.24E-11>0.05) respectively. This was an indication that there was a positive significant exists between the explanatory variables with entrepreneurship development in Nigeria at 5% level of significant. The implication is that the federal government should not only empower the youths but to invest in youth entrepreneurship because the youths are the future of the country. Based on these findings, the study therefore recommends that educational stakeholders should be monitoring the entrepreneurship activities in Nigerian Universities. They should also dwell more on practical training for students irrespective of their vocational area of study; and introduce some benefits to well deserving creative students in order to enhance the entrepreneurial culture among the students.


Several cases have been found in plasma-wave and electron-distribution-function data from the SCATHA satellite in which strong gyrofrequency emissions near 1.5 times the local electron gyrofrequency, f/sub g/, correlate in time with field-aligned electron beams. The energy of the electron beams ranges from 100 to 800 eV. Before the beam appears, the emissions are observed at a lower frequency, typically 1.1 to 1.2 f/sub g/. As the beam develops, the emissions rise in frequency and grow in amplitude. Above 2 keV, the electrons had a normal loss-cone distribution. This loss cone deepened by a small amount when the beams appeared at lower energy. These observations were made near local midnight between L=7.0 and 7.8 R/sub e/.


This article examines the mass demonstrations that rocked Algiers in December 1960, a major turning point in the Algerian Revolution that precipitated negotiations for independence. The (rather lim...


Objectives: Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) particles are a nonresorbable material that allows for permanent vocal fold augmentation. This study investigated morbidity and voice quality in patients treated for unilateral vocal fold paralysis by injection of PDMS particles. Methods: Fourteen patients who had neurogenic unilateral vocal fold paralysis of different causes were included in this prospective study. Each patient underwent videostroboscopic assessment before and after operation. Friedrich's dysphonia index (DI), a score system combining subjective and objective parameters, was used to describe voice quality. A DI of 0 reflects a normal voice, and a DI of 3 stands for complete aphonia. The PDMS particles were injected into the paraglottic space by microlaryngoscopy under general anesthesia. Results: The median follow-up was 4.1 months. There was no complication attributable to the injection of PDMS particles. The mean DI was 2.8 before operation. After the operation, voice quality improved significantly in each patient, as reflected by a mean postinjection DI of 1.4. Conclusions: Particles of PDMS provide a relatively safe and minimally invasive option for permanent vocal fold augmentation. The functional results in terms of voice improvement are comparable to those obtained with other techniques, including thyroplasty. In the European Community, PDMS particles are officially approved for use in the human larynx.


The Bible is the book of Ideas. Thus the importance of the Bible is immense to its core as its foundational authority had been established in almost all the country, either directly or indirectly, for their democratic values. As such, the vast Bible dominion to environmental education increases more and more. As it's coverage area is massive, so does it's relevance to establish itself for propagating and conserving its eco-theme for its readers through its conditioned catchment area, which would facilitate towards the positive education. The footprint of the Bible is big enough to establish and to plant the environmental value among the believers, and general masses, and to spread the eco-message to the whole world.Therefore,the importance of implementing agencyamplifies numerously. This hugefootprint of the Bible can therefore be used by the Church for theentirety of Environmental Education.


The emergence of nanoscience has spurred the demand for technologies capable of probing physical phenomena at resolutions down to the atomic length scale. Under this initiative, recent advances in instrumented nanoindentation have made the atomic force microscope and the depth-sensing nanoindenter practical tools in studying the local material properties of a broad array of solid surfaces at microscopic and sub-micron length scales. High resolution capability is especially important in the probing of biological samples, which are typically very inhomogeneous. In this paper, the current state Correspondence/Reprint request: Dr. David C. Lin, Laboratory of Integrative and Medical Biophysics National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, U.S.A. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com David C. Lin et al. 334 of the field as it pertains to the mechanical characterization of soft solids is reviewed. The spectrum of contact mechanics theories based on linear elasticity and their application to nanoindentation data are presented, followed by a summary of data analysis techniques. The authors' comprehensive algorithm for the automated processing of large collections of data is highlighted and examples are shown to illustrate the robustness of the method. Limitations of the method and other considerations for successful application of nanoindentation to soft materials are discussed.


Despite consensus regarding the interference of cognitive processes on the human balance, the impact that different sensory stimuli have on the stabilometric measures remains unclear. Here, we investigated changes in the postural balance of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in healthy controls undergoing different proprioceptive and somesthetic pitfalls. We included 17 subjects submitted to eight sensorimotor dynamics with differences in the support bases, contact surfaces, and visual clues. The measurements used to assess participants balance were as follows: position of the body in space, range of instability, area of the support base, and velocity of postural control. From a total of 56 cross-sectional analyses, 21.42% pointed out differences between groups. Longitudinal analyses showed that tasks with proprioceptive and somesthetic pitfalls similarly impact imbalance in both groups. The current results suggest that AD subjects and healthy controls had different patterns submitted to balance, but suffered similar interference when undergoing proprioceptive and somesthetic challenges.


The people, who deal with the daily business by using Excel, often meet some unsolvable problems of translating textual data into numerical data, so that they can't normally do some works, such as, data analyzing, data arithmetic. This article will introduce some concrete technique of how to translate datum.


Aim: Interventional radiology procedures using ionizing radiation were frequent and become more and more complex. While determinants of radiation exposure during coronary angioplasty have been examined intensively during the last decade, available data regarding peripheral interventional procedures and especially the influence of pre-interventional diagnostic procedures on radiation exposure are limited. Materials and Methods: Procedural data of 289 consecutive patients who underwent peripheral were included in this study. Radiation exposure was analysed using the dose area product (DAP, Gy*cm2) and total time of fluoroscopy dependent on region of intervention and type of diagnostic procedure prior to intervention. Results: Information about vascular status of patients before the intervention led to a significant decrease of the dose area product irrespective of the region of intervention (iliac, femoro-popliteal, crural, multi-vessel, p < 0.05). Reduction of radiation exposure was highest with prior angiography or a CTor MR-angiography (p < 0.01), whereas a diagnostic vascular ultrasound tended to decrease radiation exposure of patients (n.s.). Fluoroscopy time was not affected by the kind of diagnostic procedure (n.s.). Conclusions: Patients ́ radiation dose during peripheral interventional procedures is strongly dependent on vascular region, precise information about vascular status and previous vascular imaging. Thus, physicians should emphasize accurate vascular diagnostic procedures prior to peripheral intervention. *Corresponding author: Magnus Baumhäkel, Caritas Klinikum St. Theresia Saarbrücken, Department of Internal Medicine, D-66131 Saarbrücken, Germany, Tel: 0049-681-406-4243, Fax: 0049-681-406-1753; E-mail: email@example.com Received Date: March 14, 2017 Accepted Date: March 24, 2017 Published Date: March 30, 2017 Citation: Baumhäkel, M., et al. Influence of Different Diagnostic Procedures on Radiation Dose During Peripheral Interventions. (2017) Bioinfo Proteom Img Anal 3(3): 210213. Bioinfo Proteom Img Anal | volume 3: issue 2 www.ommegaonline.org


Sometimes understanding Abstract Data Types (ADT's) is difficult for students . The concepts of type, structure, data structure, and abstract data structure can b e confusing . Moreover, different textbooks define these basic concepts in somewha t different ways . According to Daniel McCracken, the definitions of such terms a s `data type', `data structure', and `abstract data type' have not yet becom e "completely stabilized" in computer science (p . 20) . This paper proposes one way o f standardizing definitions of basic data structures terms, so that they are precise , well--grounded mathematically, and can be easily and clearly explained to students .


Working capital management involves managing the relationship between a firm's short term assets and its short term liabilities. Efficient working capital management is necessary for achieving both liquidity and profitability of a company. A poor and inefficient working capital management leads to tie up funds in idle assets and reduces the liquidity and profitability of a company. Working capital management efficiency is vital especially for manufacturing firms, where a major part of assets is composed of current assets. For an intensive study of working capital management of Indian steel industry focus of the study is on major and significant players of the industry of public and private sector viz Steel Authority of India Ltd., Tata Steel Ltd, JSW Steel Ltd. and Essar Steel Ltd. The objective of this study is to measure working capital managing efficiency of selected Indian steel companies for which different activity ratios are used in appraising the efficiency of selected companies. Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC) is a powerful measure for assessing how well a company is managing its working capital. It is used as a comprehensive measure for working capital management and to analyze profitability and performance of selected companies inter firm comparison is done to their judge performance. The ratios of ROCE, assets turnover and profit margins of selected companies are used as standards of performance.


Undoped and indium-doped ZnO thin films deposited by the Pyrosol process onto soda-lime glass substrates were electrically and optically characterized. Resistivities as low as 2×10 -3 Ω.cm. Hall mobilities as high as 21 cm 2 V -1 s -1 and effective carrier concentrations as high as 1 × 10 20 cm -3 have been obtained. Electron concentrations are always lowe than indium contents on the films. Average otpical transmissions on the whole visible range as high as 85% for the best conductive films have been obtained. Refractive index of layers is modified by the growth temperature and indium doping, been less dependent on doping for high deposition temperatures (better crystallinity). Haacke's figure of merit up to 5 × 10 -3 Ω -1 in a 500 nm thick films were obtained. Indium doping improves the time-dependent stability of the electrical properties of ZnO conducting films


This paper proposes a multi-agent system based microgrid energy management framework to balance the energy supply and demand by feasibly integrating the distributed energy storage and demand response (DR). The main contribution of this paper is an energy management system which schedules the operation of distributed energy storage systems (DESSs) and DR loads based on the day-ahead forecast data to minimise the energy mismatches in the system by taking the preferences set by the owners and life depletion costs of DESSs. The target schedule prepared based on the forecast information is adjusted in real-time to compromise the uncertainties and forecast errors. Besides scheduling the energy resources, the proposed management systems organises an energy spot market to settle the energy demand and supply quotes of end-users and distributed generators (DGs). The developed multi-agent systems is applied to a microgrid case study to verify its performance. The simulation results and their analysis suggest that the proposed microgrid energy management system is effective in managing the energy under uncertainties.


The Normandie Project is a French program aimed at the construction of a very high performances Radar which is mounted onboard a French Navy ship. Radar applications of this kind, necessarily need a high gain Antenna dedicated to very large-range detection. Technological innovation and new materials allow to design and realize this sort of structures: the use of composite materials has now made it possible to reach a high stiffness-mass ratio. The Back-up structure, the quadripod legs and the apex have all been designed and manufactured through the use of the CFRP and other composite materials, which allowed in particular to save weight and increase the stiffness. It is also very important to qualify carefully the materials and the processes in order to obtain high performances. Technologies like hand lay-up vacuum bag, oven curing, have helped identifying the ideal solutions for big objects, like the main structure, and the quadripod legs. Thales Air System SA awarded European Industrial Engineering with the contract for the design and realization of the antenna's main reflector. At the moment, the antenna has been assembled and successfully installed on board the navy ship, and it is efficiently operating.


The relationship between classical and quantum three one-mode systems interacting in a non-linear way is described. We investigate the integrability of these systems by using the reduction procedure. The reduced coherent states for the quantum system are constructed. We find the explicit formulas for the reproducing measure for these states. Examples of some applications of the obtained results in non-linear quantum optics are presented.


This paper investigates the ℋ∞ stability of memristive neural networks with time delays. Two alternative methods, which take into account the excitatory and inhibitory of memristor-based synaptic weights, are provided to develop the desired ℋ∞ stability conditions. It is shown that both the two methods can be viewed as the tradeoff between conservativeness and complexity. Under the proposed methods, several concise delay-dependent and delay-independent ℋ∞ stability criteria are formulated in terms linear matrix inequalities, respectively. In the end, two comparative examples are presented to illustrate the viability of our methods.


Abstract Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole is an effective nonconventional semiconducting building block that could be generated in gram quantities with relatively high overall yields. Three organic semiconductors containing thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole were synthesized in good yields without requiring time-consuming column purifications. The synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties were systematically investigated. 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 3 Synthesis and Characterization 4 Theoretical Calculations 5 Optical and Electrochemical Properties 6 Thermal Stability 7 Fluorescence Experiments 8 GIXRD Data 9 Conclusions


A stable derivative of L-ascorbic acid, 2-O-[(3-aminopropyl)phosphinooxy]-L-ascorbic acid ( LAAP ), was synthesized in moderate yield and its chemical stability and effects on melanin synthesis were investigated. L-Ascorbic acid was decomposed completely within about 1 hour, while 93% of LAAP remained even after 10 days. Treatment of L-ascorbic acid and LAAP decreased melanin content in normal human melanocytes to 33.8% and 49.1% of control at 2 mM, respectively. Considering chemical instability of L-ascorbic acid, LAAP is a much better whitening agent.


Objective:To explore the causes and its features of inpatients with mental disease and hypokalemia,and take some conespouding measures.Method:3 071 cases of inpatients with mental disease and hypokalemia were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The prevalence rate of hypokalemia in the inpatients with mental diseases was 13.58% ,and hypokalemia were significantly associated with gender,diet,somatic diseases,season and therapeutic drug.Conclusion:Serum kalium level should be tested earlier for detecting hypokalemia for inpatients with mental diseases.


The neurotransmitter serotonin is involved in numerous processes in the brain such as behavior, learning, memory, mood, and neurodevelopment. Serotonin signaling is regulated by the serotonin transporter protein (SERT), which maintains normal serotonin levels. Mutations in the SERT gene are known to correlate with cognitive and behavioral deficits seen in psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety disorders, depression, and autism spectrum disorder. Researchers study these deficits using SERT knockout (KO) mice, a model that lacks functional SERT and displays changes in anxiety, learning, and motivation. We are interested in how the absence of SERT affects visual processing and learning. A popular method of evaluating learning in mice is a touchscreen-based learning paradigm, similar to tests used with both humans and primate models. We have applied this paradigm in our laboratory to study the effect of SERT KO on learning and the visual discrimination of global motion. Mice were first taught to select a visual stimulus for a food reward, then trained to discriminate between left and right coherent dot motion. Our results demonstrate that mice can learn to discriminate between different types of visual stimuli, giving us an experimental platform for future studies of learning and perception in SERT KO mice.


This chapter explores the importance of systematic evaluation of co-curricular activities directed at graduate- and professional- school students. Approaches to assessment and benefits of sound practice are presented along with the critical role that institutional researchers can play.


One element most important from life socializing is interacting with other people. A person's verbal ability becomes very important because talking to other people will knowing ability someone and can rate it or know with term Public speaking. The phenomenon that happened  Moment this many held open Public speaking training for general or organized by the agency or school. Public speaking training shows existence needs will reference base for understanding basics speaking in front of general like at the start of the heyday rhetoric. The UPS Tegal Service Team scheduled the implementation of public speaking training at SMKN 1 Slawi as a form of Devotion To the Community. Destination holding is to improve the skills and abilities of students/participants in public speaking so that they can be applied in life daily or later in the world of work. Implementation use method lecture ( gift ) materials and training directly (workshop), with target participants SMKN 1 Slawi students as many as 50 participants. mplementation condwas ucted two-dayday implementations. Output from devotion to Public this is mass media publication or rise journal devotion UPS Tegal community.


This paper aims to investigate the seismic performance of RC short columns and long columns with welding stirrups. Through the low-cyclic horizontal loading test of specimens, the seismic performance indexes such as failure modes, hysteretic curve, skeleton curve, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, stiffness degradation and strength degradation were emphatically analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of shear span ratio, stirrups ratio and axial compression ratio on the performance of specimens were studied. The results showed that the seismic performance of the RC short columns with welding stirrups were basically the same as that of the RC short columns with traditional stirrups, but the seismic performance of RC long columns with welding stirrups was better than that of RC long columns with traditional stirrups. The seismic performance of RC short columns and long columns with welding stirrups could be improved by increasing stirrup ratio and shear span ratio and reducing axial pressure ratio. Moreover, the welding stirrup have the advantages of steel saving, industrialization and standardization production, convenient construction, and reducing time, which indicated that the welding stirrups could be applied in practical engineering.


Real contracts balance a number of conflicting objectives that characterise the contracting situation. Contract theory provides useful insights but the formal models used in theoretical analysis tend to focus on a few effects in stylised environments. The risk of a partial approach is that while improving one aspect of a contract, new and more serious problems may arise in other respects. Practical, theory-based contract design can therefore benefit from a more holistic, systemic approach. In this paper, we offer a checklist that can support such an approach. The checklist combines theory with experiences from Danish agricultural contracts. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.


Benchmark, parametric, and design-confirmation shielding measurements are made at the Tower Shielding Facility (TSF) in Oak Ridge. A powerful reactor (to 1 MW thermal) is used with spectral modifiers to provide neutron spectra close to those associated with the various parts of an LMFBR. The source strength allows measurements through shields of full reactor thickness using sensitive detectors. The detectors include spectrometers and dosimeters for both neutrons and gamma rays. A large exclusion area provides much flexibility in arranging shield assemblies to be studied.


Economic growth and its determinants are very important issues for economic practice and literature. This study shows the effect of public investments on economic growth for a sample of European countries and aims at providing solution for improving the allocation of public funds for investments. The effect of corruption on economic growth through public investments is also analysed. The results demonstrate that public investments in infrastructure and in education lead to reducing national disparities, the later representing a potential optimal destination of European public funds.


The present invention provides a method for producing small and efficient process for manufacturing a semiconductor device. In the method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having a multilayer wiring structure using the dual damascene method, to substantially a first hard mask film as a mask, removing the second interlayer insulating film formed opening portion. Further, the etching suppressing film is removed, and then removing the first interlayer insulating film formed in the passage hole of the first interlayer insulating film.


This research studies an agent scheduling of a call center where the number of agents and skills are predetermined and varied during each period. Agents must be assigned into work shifts in order to minimize labor related cost and also satisfy working constraints such as worker availability, work duration and break requirements. We decompose this problem into two parts which are solved sequentially. First is to determine the minimum number of required agents for each shift across a month that covers the predetermined number of agents in each period. The outcomes from the first part are used as input for the second part which is to assign agents into work shifts. Mixed integer programming models are proposed to find solutions for both parts.


Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of individual response to terrorism scale among undergraduates,and to provide scientific basis for the use of the scale in China. Methods Totally 1 657 undergraduates from 5 colleges or universities in Guangzhou,using stratified cluster method,were interviewed. The internal consistent reliability,split-half reliability,content validity and construct validity of the scale were examined. Results Of the respondents,853( 51. 48%) were male. The Cronbach coefficient and the Spearman correlation coefficient of the items of the whole scale were 0. 817 and 0. 745,respectively.The Pearson correlation coefficient between the three subscales and the whole scale ranged from 0.691 to 0.930,with significant statistical differences. Factor analysis indicated that the initial eigenvalues of the three components were 4.316,1.286 and 1.044,respectively. The percentage of variance was 33.20%,9.89% and 8.03%,respectively. The cumulative percentage of components was51.12%. The three components were named individual preparedness,information seeking and avoidance,respectively. The factor loadings of all items were over 0.4. Conclusion The individual response to terrorism scale has good reliability and validity among undergraduates and could be used as an effective tool for assessing individual preparedness behaviors of violent terrorist attacks among undergraduates in China.


Background: In general practice, psychological disorder (depression, anxiety, and somatoform) is often undiagnosed. Comordity of psychological disorder and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders are relatively high. Psycosocial factor plays a role in pathophysiology of the Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, although the causative correlation has not been establised. Somatosensory amplification is one of the risk factors that explain the somatization process. This study was conducted to find out whether Psychiatric Disorder influence the occurrence of somatosensory amplification, and what factors influence the occurrence of somatosensory amplification of patients with epigastric pain. Design and Method: Analytical research uses crossectional method. 180 Subjects with epigastric pain treated at Poli IPD RSDK meeting the criteria were included in the study. Somatosensory amplification was measured by Somatosensory Aplification Scale (SSAS), painful degree by Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Depression and Anxiety by PPDGJ III, and Somatoform disorder by DSM IV, Depression degree by HDRS, Anxiety degree by HARS. Data processing by SPSS-12 program, with significant limit 0,05. Design and Method: Analytical research uses crossectional method. 180 Subjects with epigastric pain treated at Poli IPD RSDK meeting the criteria were included in the study. Somatosensory amplification, painful degree Somatoform disorder, Depression and anxiety degree were measured by Somatosensory Aplification Scale (SSAS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), PPDGJ III, DSM IV, HDRS, HARS respectively. SPSS-12 program was used for data analysis with (significancy p<0.05). Result: Out 108 subjects, 36 subjects had depression, 22 had anxiety and 6 had somatoform disorder. There was a significant difference in the mean of SSAS score between patients with psychiatric disorder and patients without psychiatric disorder. There is a significant difference in the mean of SSAS score between patients with psychososial stressor and patients without psychosocial stressor. There was a significant difference in the average SSAS score among sex, painful degree, and painful period. Conclusion: Psychiatric disorder, sex, psychososial stressor, painful degree, and painful period have relation with somatosensory amplification of patiens with epigastric pain (Sains Medika, 2(2):178-192).


This study investigates potential bias that may arise when surveys include question items for which multiple units are elicited. Examples of such items include questions about experiences with multiple health centers, comparison of different products, or the solicitation of egocentric network data. The larger the number of items asked about each named individual or location, the greater potential interviewer and respondent burden accrues to the naming of more names. Interviewers may be inclined to limit the number of names elicited to reduce the amount of time required to complete the interviews. We tested whether such bias occurred from data collected in northwest Ghana by contrasting group learning with individual learning. The results provided mixed evidence for both group and individual learning and stress the need to take actions such as increased training, change in incentives, and/or monitoring responses to guard against such results.


In multi-domain multi-carrier networks the effective use of network resources shall be achieved while guaranteeing an adequate level of confidentiality and scalability. A candidate solution to perform effective multi- domain Traffic Engineering (TE) is based on a combination of (i) hierarchical routing and (ii) path computation procedures. Hierarchical routing identifies the domain sequence to cross while path computation computes the strict end to end path. In this multi-domain study we first propose a hierarchical instance of BGP (HBGP) dedicated to TE information only. Then we propose and evaluate the integration of HBGP with path computation procedures based on IETF PCE architecture. Simulation results show that the hierarchical HBGP-PCE architecture, compared to current routing solutions based on BGP only, significantly improves the overall network resource utilization. In addition, this study identifies the network scenarios in which the aforementioned HBGP-PCE features provide significant advantages. Finally, the experimental implementation of the proposed HBGP-PCE architecture in a network testbed composed of commercially available routers shows the viability of the solution in real networks.


We thank W-J. Guan and colleagues for their comments on the European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines for bronchiectasis [1]. We agree these are an important landmark for the field, and hope that clinicians, health professionals, patients and researchers will use the guidelines to improve the quality of care for bronchiectasis patients and to use the gaps identified to stimulate further research [1, 2]. Only evidence-based recommendations were included in the @ERStalk bronchiectasis guidelines http://ow.ly/Vecb30g1gJy


The study presented here uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models and a development of the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) approach to evaluate the effect of rotor solidity on the performance of a three-bladed H-Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT), particularly during its critical starting phase. BEM based models (for example the Double Multiple Stream Tube model) require low computational effort but are unable to provide information about the turbine dynamic start-up process or about the flow structure around the blades. Conversely CFD methods provide detail of the flow structure but are computationally expensive. In this study, an advanced BEM model, the Start-Up model, has been developed which is able to model the turbine dynamic start-up process under different wind and geometric parameters. The developments presented here are supported by 2-D CFD simulations. In this study, the predicted turbine tip speed ratio (TSR) versus power coefficient (Cp) curves from the enhanced BEM approach are compared directly with the CFD results and show good agreement. The study highlights that turbines with larger solidity, which is a function of the ratio of blade chord to turbine rotor radius, (σ = nc/R), demonstrate better self-starting capability at the expense of lower peak efficiency. It is also observed that for a given solidity, turbines with larger blade chord length and correspondingly larger rotor radius have better performance over the entire working range. A comparison between selected aerofoil sections demonstrated that the DU 06 W200 aerofoil section, designed specifically for VAWT application and having 20% thickness with 0.8% camber, has slightly better performance at low tip speed ratio compared with the widely adopted symmetric NACA0018 and NACA0021 sections which themselves have proven self-starting capability. It is also demonstrated using the BEM model that the predicted turbine performance is highly sensitive to the accuracy of aerofoil performance data. The acquisition and publication of extensive, high quality data over the full-range of incidence that is experienced during VAWT start-up and at appropriate Reynolds numbers is shown to be a high priority for predicting turbine performance accurately.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


A switching system (20) comprising a plurality of computers (30, 40), which are connected via a computer network, each computer (30, 40) comprises a timer with a free-running clock in each case, wherein one of the computers (40) has a reference timer, and adapted to send in a first step, an absolute time indication to at least one further computer (30) via the computer network, and in a second step, an interrupt signal over the computer network to other computer (30) to send and the further computer (30) is adapted to start immediately on receipt of the interrupt signal, by means of its processor a procedure for synchronization of its timer to the previously transmitted absolute time.


We studied cellular phosphatase inhibitors, okadaic acid (OKA), calyculin A, and microcystin, on ENaC in A6 renal cells. OKA increased amiloride-sensitive current after about 30 minutes with maximal stimulation at 1-2 hours. Fluctuation analysis of cell-attached patches containing a large number of ENaC yielded power spectra with corner frequencies in untreated cells almost twice as large as in cells pretreated for 30 minutes with OKA implying an increase in single channel open probability (P o) that doubled after okadaic acid. Single channel analysis showed that in cells pretreated with okadaic acid, P o and mean open time approximately doubled. Two other phosphatase inhibitors, calyculin A and microcystin, had similar effects on open probability and mean open time. An analog of okadaic acid, okadaone, which does not inhibit phosphatases had no effect. Pretreatment with 10 nM OKA, which blocks PP2A but not PP1 in mammalian cells, had no effect even though both phosphatases are present in A6 cells. Several proteins were differentially phosphorylated after OKA, but ENaC subunit phosphorylation did not increase. We conclude that, in A6 cells, there is an OKA-sensitive phosphatase which suppresses ENaC activity by altering the phosphorylation of a regulatory molecule associated with the channel.


It is difficult in solving the nonlinear simultaneous equation for evaluating roundness error with least-squares method,and there is specific requirements on layouting sampling points with linearized processing least-squares method.So a method for roundness error evaluation based on area hunting is put forward,the principle and realization procedure of which has been represented.Finally,the measuring experiment has been done on CMM and this method was used to evaluate measuring data.The result has indicated that the method is simple,easy to implementation and evaluating precision is improved by 4.16% compared to that with the least-squares method.


The paper presents the problem of calculating the dependence of temperature of different parts of electric machines on changes of thermal resistances in the network branches. The method of equivalent thermal networks and the method of thermal coefficients, whose principles are shown in the paper, were used for analysis. The analysis is illustrated by examples of calculation concerning a totally enclosed motor with a ribbed frame. The calculation example serves to illustrate the dependence of temperature on resistances and to compare the effect of change of different resistances on heating of different machine parts.


The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of a duckweed pond in the polishing of a stabilization pond effluent, as well as quantify its biomass production. The experiments was conducted in pilot scale pond with HRT of 3.8 days, using the stabilization pond WWTP effluent. Samples were collected before and after duckweeds pond for analyses of the parameters: pH, DO, temperature, TN, TP, COD, total solids, BOD5 and E. coli. The duckweeds were harvested every 7, 14 and 21 days for quantification of its production. There was great variation in biomass production. The evaluated treatment system obtained adequate results, being a simple and efficient technology for the ponds effluent polishing. Once an adequate destination is given to the produced biomass, the WWTP can work in a sustainable and integrated way.


This paper deals with a state of charge (SoC)-based energy management of a microgrid (MG), which consists of a voltage source inverter (VSI), solar photovoltaic (PV) array, a battery energy storage system (BESS), and loads. As the MG is operated in grid connected (GC) and islanded (IS) modes, a simple sequential matching of magnitude and phase of load voltage to that of the grid is employed during the transition from IS to GC mode. An instantaneous seamless transition from GC to IS mode under grid fault conditions is developed. In GC mode, the VSI operates in current control, a boost converter (BC) operates solar PV array at maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and a bidirectional converter (BDC) controls the charging of BESS depending on the condition of its state of charge (SoC). In IS mode, the VSI operates in voltage control, the BDC regulates the DC-link voltage of VSI, and the BC operates the solar PV array in MPPT/voltage regulation mode based on SoC and load condition. The developed energy management offers comprehensive control of the MG ensuring continual supply to the loads under dynamic changes in irradiation and load changes. The effectiveness of the proposed control is tested using MATLAB/Simulink environment.


Based on systematic analysis of BP neural network, a back-propagation neural network predicting model is proposed to forecast the net asset value (NAV) of investment fund by identification characteristic of neural network. Empirical analysis on HUAXIACHENGZHANG shows that the neural network predicting model has good nonlinear reflection ability, learning ability and prediction precision. The predicting model is effective and applicable in forecasting NAV tendency and inflexion of funds.


Background: Disease relapse remains the major cause of death among patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who receive an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT). Mainte- nance treatment with FLT3 inhibitors and hypomethylating agents (HMA) has been studied in various clinical trials with mixed results. Objective: To synthesize the current evidence on the ef fi cacy and safety of FLT3 inhibitors and HMA for maintenance therapy after allo-HCT in AML and MDS. Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched from inception inhibitors and HMA, respectively. Rates of any grade acute and chronic GVHD were 33.1% (95% CI, 25.4%-41.8%; grade 3/ Words: Acute and pooled hazard ratios for death and relapse as secondary outcomes. Inci- dence rates of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), as well as (cid:1) grade 3 acute GVHD and extensive stage chronic GVHD and non-relapse mortality were de fi ned as safety outcomes. Analyses were performed sepa-rately for the type of post-allo-HCT therapy used (HMA and FLT3 inhibitor). Sensitivity analyses were conducted among studies including an internal control group to compare the ef fi cacy of maintenance therapy relative to observation. To avoid selection bias, only studies that reported both the primary endpoint of 2-year OS and the 2-year hazard ratio (HR) for death or relapse were included in sensitivity analyses. Statistical analysis Random-effects models were used to pool the 2-year OS, RFS, GVHD rates, and HR for death and relapse. Because of the differences in baseline patient populations and disease characteristics, we did not compare mainte- nance therapy with HMA to FLT3 inhibitors. Cochran Q and I 2 indices were used to assess heterogeneity across included studies. Study heterogeneity was graded based on I 2 indices as low (I 2 < 30%), moderate (I 2 30%-60%), or high (I 2 > 60%). The same analytic approach was applied for sensitivity and univariate meta-regression analyses. Comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA version 2.2; BioSTAT, Dallas, TX) was used for all analyses.


The paper introduces the design of logic analyzer based on virtual instrument technology,the design of hardware system focusing on FPGA and at the same time the design of FX2 SCM's firmware program and PC's VC ++ program.By using the USB2.0 interface,the apparatus has some merits such as high transmit speed,easy to use and so on.


Extraordinary strides in identifying and eliminating the pathogens behind many of the major scourges of the last century prompted the US Surgeon General in 1967 to declare that the war against infectious diseases had been won. But the announcement was premature. The steady stream of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases since the 1960s has been a sobering wake-up call. Despite many accomplishments in the realm of antibiotics and vaccines such a declaration of victory was not justified. It is now clearer than ever that the human species is in the midst of a war with the microbial world—a resilient foe that will never be completely defeated. The AIDS pandemic illustrates how a new human pathogen emerged as a result of a complex series of opportunities that were presented to an unusual virus that first infected primates. After the virus crossed over to humans most likely as a result of genetic mutations together with accidental transmission human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapidly spread among different population groups due to profound changes in social and economic conditions in certain countries. (excerpt)


While memory T cells are maintained by continuous turnover, it is not clear how human regulatory CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD25(hi) Foxp3(+) T lymphocyte populations persist throughout life. We therefore used deuterium labeling of cycling cells in vivo to determine whether these cells could be replenished by proliferation. We found that CD4(+)CD45RO(+)Foxp3(+)CD25(hi) T lymphocytes were highly proliferative, with a doubling time of 8 days, compared with memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+)Foxp3(-)CD25(-) (24 days) or naive CD4(+)CD45RA(+)Foxp3(-)CD25(-) populations (199 days). However, the regulatory population was susceptible to apoptosis and had critically short telomeres and low telomerase activity. It was therefore unlikely to be self regenerating. These data are consistent with continuous production from another population source. We found extremely close TCR clonal homology between regulatory and memory CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, antigen-related expansions within certain TCR V beta families were associated with parallel numerical increases of CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) Tregs with the same V beta usage. It is therefore unlikely that all human CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs are generated as a separate functional lineage in the thymus. Instead, our data suggest that a proportion of this regulatory population is generated from rapidly dividing, highly differentiated memory CD4(+) T cells; this has considerable implications for the therapeutic manipulation of these cells in vivo.


In 1933 the Saint-Etienne Sports Association was formed. This professional soccer club gained European sports renown as of 1960 and provided the city with the opportunity to change its image of an industrial and working class city. It got itself a team, a stadium and a color; the 'black city' became a 'green city', showing off values of success and dynamism while its economy was being recycled. This became the symbol that exemplified the instrumentalization of sports in urban and cultural politics.


This paper examines changes in corporate behavior around the 2003 modification to SEC Rule 10b-18, which mandates enhanced disclosure of repurchase transactions. Firms announce significantly fewer and slightly smaller open market repurchase plans in the enhanced disclosure environment. However, completion rates (the amount of stock repurchased as a percentage of the announced amount) significantly increase. More conservative announcement strategies and more aggressive completion rates are consistent with a decline in false signaling. Indeed, open market repurchase announcements are viewed as more credible on average in the enhanced disclosure environment; after controlling for firm characteristics, cumulative abnormal announcement returns are significantly greater in the high disclosure period. As with any analysis based on a regulatory change affecting all firms simultaneously, other unobservable, macroeconomic trends could have affected repurchase behavior. Nonetheless, these results are consistent with significant changes in corporate behavior around new mandatory disclosures.


We describe a method which should allow construction of bacterial strains able to export a given protein through the cytoplasmic membrane. The principle is to fuse the structural gene of the protein to the proximal part of gene lamB, the structural gene of the lambda receptor, an outer membrane protein of E. coli K-12.


When the heating is provided a reduced iron pellet produced, to improve the yield of the reduced iron to improve the productivity of the method. A method for producing reduced iron, comprising the steps of: a mixture containing an iron oxide-containing material, carbonaceous reducing agent and the melting point modifiers of step into blocks; heating the resulting agglomerates, agglomerates of the redox and a portion of the molten iron, and the iron content aggregation step producing reduced iron, fine iron particle diameter produced in the step of producing reduced iron will also be adjusted and fitted in the mixture.


Under mild conditions, C3-quaternary 2H-pyrrolines can be convergently and efficiently assembled
by Cu(II) and weak bases cocatalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of 1,1-disubstituted alkenes and
isocyanoacetates. Various functionalities can be tolerated, affording 2H-pyrrolines with up to two quaternary
centers in a single step.


The use of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement of the exploration of dielectric polarization and related surface phenomena is described. Paying attention to the specific nature of material systems on the surface, orientational order parameters are introduced to characterize surface layers, and the SHG enhancement is described in terms of the order parameters. Also the sum-frequency generation (SFG) and electric-field-induced SHG(EFISHG) are described as a tool of probing carrier motions in surface layers. The experimental system is shown with some results.

Keywords:

dielectric polarization;
liquid crystal;
second-order susceptibility;
centrosymmetric system;
photomultiplier tube;
order parameter;
surface charge;
non-centrosymmetric system


Introduction. During buckwheat processing, up to 7.0% of the kernels turn into feed meal. This loss causes a significant decrease in profits during the production of buckwheat groats. Decorticating of buckwheat is complicated by the fact that the size uniformity 2020 Т. 50 No 1 / Техника и технология пищевых производств / Food Processing: Techniques and Technology ISSN 2074-9414 (Print) ISSN 2313-1748 (Online)


The present invention belongs to the field of photochromism, light data storing and light signal converting material technology. The heterocycle substituted fulgenic anhydride photochromism material is synthesized through the processes of mixing diacid and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide in the molar ratio of 0.5-1 in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran solvent through lightproof stirring for 5-24 hr; filtering to eliminate white precipitate 1,3-dicyclohexyl urea; decompressing to eliminate solvent; and silica column separation with chloroform and petroleum in the ratio of 1:1 for 4:1 as eluent. The present invention has high yield.


Smartphones and other mobile devices are today pervasive across the globe. As an interesting side effect of the surge in mobile communications, mobile network operators can now easily collect a wealth of high-resolution data on the habits of large user populations. The information extracted from mobile network traffic data is very relevant in the context of population mapping: it provides a tool for the automatic and live estimation of population densities, overcoming the limitations of traditional data sources such as censuses and surveys. In this paper, we propose a new approach to infer population densities at urban scales, based on aggregated mobile network traffic metadata. Our approach allows estimating both static and dynamic populations, achieves a significant improvement in terms of accuracy with respect to state-of-the-art solutions in the literature, and is validated on different city scenarios.


Ependymoma (EPN) is a type of tumor that occurs in the central nervous system of children and 21 adults. EPN produces resistance to chemotherapy, and there are no targeted drugs available for a 22 proper cure. Therefore, the use of high-throughput sequencing technologies to elucidate pathogenic 23 mechanisms is of prime importance to identify potential tumor target genes helpful for developing 24 effective therapeutic approaches against EPN. With this objective, we used RNA-seq analysis to 25 identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways in 4 pairs of EPN tissues and adjacent 26 tissues. In total, we found 5445 differentially expressed genes. The synaptic vesicle cycle and 27 extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction pathways were highly enriched in the ependymoma 28 group. Nine differentially expressed genes (SNAP25, GRM4, CELSR1, LAMA1, WNT5A, ROR2, 29 CCND1, EPHB2, FOXJ1) were randomly verified by RT-qPCR, supporting the authenticity of our 30 sequencing results. This study provides global gene information and some new potential biomarkers 31 for the diagnosis and therapeutic targets of ependymoma. pathways were enriched from adjacent tissues to anaplastic ependymoma tissues, involving all differentially expressed genes. We showed that the upregulated and downregulated differentially expressed genes enriched the 20 significantly regulated signaling pathways with the most significant enrichment degrees between the anaplastic ependymoma and adjacent tissue groups


NICE Clinical Guideline 185 – Bipolar Disorder: the assessment and management of bipolar disorder in adults, children and young people in primary and secondary care www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg185/resources/guidancebipolar-disorder-the-assessment-and-management-ofbipolar-disorder-in-adults-children-and-young-people-inprimary-and-secondary-care-pdf .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


In this paper, we introduced a multi-manifold large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (MM-LDDMM) algorithm that carried the cortical hemispheric surface and its sulcal and gyral curves simultaneously from one to the other through a flow of diffeomorphisms. We compared it with two spherical cortical mapping algorithms in software packages of FreeSurfer and CARET based on local cortical features (e.g. gyral/sulcal curves and sulcal regions). Our results supported that the MM-LDDMM algorithm provided better cortical alignment in terms of these local features when compared with the spherical algorithms evaluated in this study.


Electroplating uses aluminum material, where it's easy to obtain, lighter, and cheaper than other metals. The research goal was to determine the ability of the electric current to power aluminum (Al) coated with silver (Ag) by the electroplating method, to determine the effect of the magnitude of the electric current and the length of time the coating process took on the weight of Al coated with Ag and to determine the strength of the metal Al after tested using Brinnell test. The method used is to compare pure Al and pure Al coated with Ag by electroplating at different currents to determine the effect of the electroplating process. A Brinnell test was carried out to determine the hardness of the Al material after electroplating. The results are the amount of current that flows during the electroplating is directly proportional to the thickness of the electroplating layer attached to the Al surface. If the electroplating process uses a large current, the attached layer will look rough and not smooth, which also affects the material testing by using the Brinnell method. The Brinnell test proves that the hardness value of the Al material is directly proportional to the thickness of the layer.


The invention provides a thin film patterning method. The method at least comprises the following steps of: providing a nonmetal substrate, and forming photoresist on the nonmetal substrate; carrying out optical exposure, and transferring a preset pattern to the photoresist; depositing a metal layer on the structure obtained after the step (2); removing the photoresist, and peeling off to obtain a required metal pattern structure; depositing a thin film material on the surface of the metal pattern structure to form a thin film; and finally removing the remaining metal layer to obtain the patterned thin film. In the thin film patterning method, the common patterning technology is utilized to realize the patterning of metal, and the thin film material growing at high temperature is directly deposited on the substrate by taking metal as a mask. The invention not only continues to use the traditional patterning technology, but also overcomes the defect that photoresist can not be used as the mask at high temperature. Compared with the ion beam etching method, the thin film patterning method has a simple process and easiness in operation and is low in cost.


Urban social-ecological resilience research has focused on conceptual explorations, while less attention has been paid to how resilience thinking in practice may inform urban development. Using the rapidly urbanizing landscape in Stockholm as a case, we explore the urban specifics of resilience thinking practice and thereby contribute to the development of knowledge and practice of social-ecological resilience thinking generally. The study addresses an urban wicked problem: how to ensure that people continue to have access to the means necessary to realize benefits from green blue infrastructure, when the city is changing and governance is fragmented. Drawing on insights from the design and implementation of a participatory dialogue process, we outline methodological adaptations to a resilience informed system exploration, to better accommodate the complexity of urban systems. The participatory process included three phases: basic system understanding, dealing with change over time, and identifying alternative ways forward. Different knowledge elicitation and deliberation methods were deployed within workshops, surveys, and interviews, and were paralleled by a thorough reflexive analysis of process outcomes. The main discussion points are stakeholder participation, the role of discourses, identities and mandates, agency, and adaptive capacity, and alternative strategies for dealing with change. Deep knowledge of the complexities of urban land use and governance requires the involvement of diverse stakeholders. Handling this diversity poses a challenge for process design: combining the ambition of an inclusive process and the need to be relevant with the use of bridging concepts increases the risk of reducing the level of complexity of the deliberative process. There is also a risk of participation bias, where stakeholders knowledgeable about the green blue infrastructure are easier to engage compared to stakeholders with knowledge about drivers of change and urban governance, which will influence the system understanding and envisioned alternative pathways for taking action.


Background: Piriformis syndrome is a clinical condition of entrapment of the sciatic nerve at the level of the ischial tuberosity characterized by pain in the gluteal area or buttock that feels burning to the back of the leg. In addition, it can be followed by numbness in the buttocks and a tingling sensation along the distribution of the sciatic nerve. Objective: to determine the benefits of TENS (Transcutaneus Nerve Electrical Stimulation) and exercise therapy in the form of hold relax stretching to reduce pain, increase range of motion of hip, and increase functional ability in cases of Piriformis syndrome dextra. Results: After 4 treatments, the results showed a decrease in pain in the piriformis muscle assessed by Visual analogue scale (VAS), followed by an increase range of motion of hip assessed with a goniometer so that the patient's functional ability was assessed by the Oswestry disability index (ODI ). Conclusion: the provision of physiotherapy intervention in the form of transcutaneus electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and exercise therapy in the form of hold relax stretching in piriformis syndrome results in a reduction in pain, an increase in the scope of joint motion, and an increase in functional abilities.


The Polish-Soviet War, which took place between 1919 and 1920, remains one of the most dramatic, yet also one of the brightest pages in the history of the Polish military. Not only did the Polish army achieve a spectacular victory that ensured Poland's sovereignty and unrestrained development, but also, according to many historians and politicians, saved Europe from the flood of communism. Apart from the famous Battle of Warsaw, the warfare that lasted from February 1919 to October 1920 included the Kiev Offensive, the Battle of Komarów and the Battle of the Niemen River. The war with the Bolshevists was not just a conflict over the borders, but also concerned the preservation of national sovereignty, threatened by the Bolshevists' attempts to spread the communist revolution throughout Europe. The intention of the Polish side, on the other hand, was to separate the nations occupying the regions to the west and south of Russia and to connect them with Poland through close federal ties. The fate of the war was finally decided in August 1920 at the gates of Warsaw. The Polish Army, following the operational plans of the High Command approved by Józef Piłsudski, the Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Army, pushed the Red Army east past the Neman River line with a surprising counter-attack. This battle saved Poland's independence and forced the Bolshevists to cancel their plans to spread the communist revolution to the countries of Central and Western Europe.


The New York Appellate Division, First Department, in Matter of Sukenik, reversed the surrogate's court's denial of a petition to reform an inter vivos trust which sought to remedy "inefficient estate and income tax planning" and generate significant income tax savings to the estate. The First Department concluded that not only did the testator intend to minimize taxes as manifested by a review of the various will and trust provisions, but also that "the presumption that testators intend to take full advantage of tax deductions and exemptions" favors the requested reformation.

This decision may open the door to increased post-mortem planning opportunities, where a judicial reformation can provide the estate significant tax savings while maintaining the testator's general distributive plans.


The study reveals that radium adsorption onto precipitated MnO2 followed by diatomaceous earth (DE) filtration is a very effective treatment process for radium-contaminated water. Radium removals in the range of 80% to 97% were observed for performed MnO2 feed concentrations of 0.63 and 1.26 mg/L as Mn in groundwaters with hardness in the range of 100 to 245 mg/L as CaCO3. Radium removal increased slightly with increasing pH whereas it decreased slightly with increasing hardness and iron (II) concentrations. Pilot studies were performed in Lemont, IL using DE filtration on a groundwater containing 12 pCi/L226Ra and 6 pCi/L228. Radium removals for both the pilot plants ranged from 90% to 97% at a MnO2 feed concentration of 1.26 mg/L as Mn, a total hardness of 245 mg/L as CaCO3, and a pH of 6.5. The costs of water treatment by MnO2 adsorption and DE filtration were estimated at $0.71 per 1000 gal for 280,000 gpd plants and $0.47 for 1 Mgd plants.


CAFE (collaborative agents for filtering e-mails) is a multiagent system to collaboratively filter spam from users' mail stream. CAFE associates a proxy agent with each user, and this agent represents a sort of interface between the user's e-mail client (i.e. Microsoft Outlook, Eudora, etc.) and the e-mail server. With the support of other types of agents, the proxy agent makes a classification of new messages into three categories: ham (good messages), spam and spam-presumed. The system analyzes every single e-mail using essentially three kinds of approach: a first approach based on the usage of a hash function, a static approach using DNSBL (DNS-based black lists) databases and a dynamic approach based on a Bayesian algorithm.


There is a variety of pathogenic organisms or pathogens in sewage sludge, among which four major types of human pathogens are bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helminthes, and they all may be present in domestic sewage sludge. Pathogens can regrow in appropriate conditions in the soil after being applied with the sledge into the soil, thus posing environmental and health risks. Digestion, alkali-stabilization, composting, irradiation, Pasteurism, and perfection of laws and regulations for stacking and application of sewage sludge are main measures that can be used to abate the pathogenic risks on environment and health. It is, therefore, recommended that studies on environmental behaviors, ecological effects and health risks of pathogens in sewage sludge and sludge-affected environmental media be developed as soon as possible, and corresponding abating approaches and key technologies also be explored.


This final project is based on a study which attempted to examine the availability of higher order thinking skills presented in reading tasks of two English textbooks. The first textbook entitled Access 2 Students' Book which is used in Thailand, was written by native speakers and published by Express Publishing in 2015. The second textbook entitled When English Rings a Bell which is used in Indonesia and was published by the Department of National Education 2014. Both textbooks are for the second grade of secondary school. The main purpose of this study was to find out how the higher order thinking skills (HOTS) are realized in the textbooks' reading tasks and find out which textbook is more oriented to HOTS. This study is a descriptive qualitative research. The data is in the form of items from the reading tasks in the textbooks. The data were classified into six levels of Bloom's taxonomy cognitive domain. After that, the higher order items were analyzed using analysis cards which contained 26 item types and were built based on higher levels of Bloom's Taxonomy cognitive domain. The following findings were drawn from the analysis: LOTS were more dominant than the HOTS. HOTS were found in 43% of the first textbook's reading items and 30% of the second textbook's reading items. Only eight (31%) out of 26 items found in the first textbook's higher order reading items. Meanwhile in the second textbook, only six item types (23%) can be found. Those results led to the conclusion that the first textbook, Access 2 Students' Book, presented more HOTS in its reading tasks. Based on the findings, it is recommended to English textbook writers to include more HOTS in order to develop students' thinking skills.


Th e nature of cultural organization remains an open anthropological question. Although we eschew any simplistic global reductionism, here we argue that three organizational features of culture, its systematicity; the recurrence of distinctions across semantic, conceptual and practical boundaries; and the 'bleeding' of properties between associated concepts, may find their origin in fundamental operating principles of the human mind: respectively, the cognitive principle of relevance, the decompositionality of cognitive processing and the network structure of semantic memory. Th e reframing of some features of culture in cognitive terms may open up some ethnographic observations, so far resistant to anthropological explanation, to new avenues for theory and relevant data from other disciplines.


The electromechanical model is used widely in simulating the operation process of pulsed plasma thrusters, because of its simplicity. Considering the limitation of electromechanical model that the late time ablation mass is assumed to be constant and the ablation process is ignored, this paper presented a modified mechanical model with a one-dimensional ablation model, and then the operation process of LES-6 PPT was simulated by this modified electromechanical model. The simulation results show excellent agreement with experimental data from the LES-6 PPT. This modified model can simulate the ablation process which can't be completed by electromechanical model. So, this modified model can better reflect the real operation mechanism than electromechanical model. Besides, this modified model is as simple as electromechanical model, it is of great significance for PPT design.


The variations in the numbers of propagules and in the colonization rates of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils of two sugar maple forests, one near Waterloo in southern Ontario, the o...


The only part of the conduct of anyone for which he is amenable to society is that which concerns others. In the part which merely concerns himself, his independence is, of right, absolute. Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign. No man is an Iand, intire of its selfe; every man is a piece of the Continent , a part of the maine.. . any man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in Mankinde; And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; It tolls for thee.


Conventional 2D video provides a fixed viewpoint of the recorded event that viewers can only see a video playback passively. Viewpoint of a video playback is always the same as how the scene was recorded. In contrast, free viewpoint video generates an output video at the virtual views selected by the viewer. This means that each viewer of the same content may be observing from a unique viewpoint. Most of the proposed methods for creating free viewpoint video usually assume that cameras are strongly calibrated, i.e. camera's internal parameters such as optical axis, focal length are known. The contribution of this thesis is the using of uncalibrated cameras for free viewpoint video synthesis based on projective grid space (PGS), a weak calibration framework that provide geometrical relationship between cameras from fundamental matrices and trifocal tensors among views. We proposed an automatic method for weakly calibrating pure rotating and zooming cameras which are commonly used when capturing videos in a large scene. We also proposed a new plane-sweep algorithm in PGS which can reconstruct and render new view images in real-time. These proposed methods are demonstrated in two systems with different scene constraints and cameras setup. The first system is targeted for a large natural scene where cameras' rotating and zooming to capture the interested part of a scene for a higher resolution of a moving object is necessary. In this case, the cameras must be dynamically calibrated due to the changing in focal length and camera rotation. Automatically extracted 2D-2D corresponding points between the current frame and the initial frame are used for recomputing trifocal tensors of the zoomed and rotated cameras in order to weakly calibrate cameras to PGS. The 3D structure of moving object is reconstructed using


The enormous amount of traffic data gathered by network monitoring systems poses a serious threat on the privacy of the network customers. To face this issue, this paper promotes a new approach to privacy-preserving network monitoring. With concrete reference to a simplified anomaly detection scenario, we show how a monitoring application can be decomposed in two parts running in different components. A front-end stage is devised to capture raw (unprotected) packets and process them "on-the-fly" through performance/memory efficient data structures, and specifically Counting Bloom Filters. Captured packets are then cryptographically protected and delivered to a back-end stage along with suitably designed cryptographic material determined by the output of the counting filter. The system is conceived to technically restrict decryption only to data packets which are classified as belonging to a flow for which an anomalous behavior is suspected. The remaining traffic is by construction guaranteed that no further data processing nor, to some extent, statistical analysis may occur in the system back-end. Although the anomaly detection application used as operative reference throughout this work is somewhat simplified with respect to real-world approaches, the resulting problem is significantly more complex than traditional pattern searching techniques over encrypted data. Hence, albeit preliminary and with room for improvements, we believe that our proposed approach suggests new promising research directions in privacy-preserving network monitoring.


In this paper we extend a previous definition of gradual dependence as a special kind of (crisp) association rule, in order to measure not only the existence of a tendency, but its strength. The new proposal is based on the idea of fuzzy association rule and the definition of variation strength in the degree of fulfilment of an imprecise property by different objects. We study the new semantics and properties of the resulting fuzzy gradual dependence, and we propose a way to adapt existing fuzzy association rule mining algorithms for the new task of mining such dependencies.


Based on the analytic expression of electromagnetic field solution of helical symmetric dielectric material, the paper presents the relationship between spectral reflectivity and birefringence of chiral liquid crystal, and the blue shift of Bragg reflection in the condition of oblique incidence. The theoretic results indicated that:(1)If birefringence of liquid crystal is greater than 0.2 and thickness of liquid crystal layer reaches to 3 μm, the liquid crystal layer will reflect more than 90 % of the incident light; (2)To reflect the whole visible spectrum by Bragg reflection, Δn of the liquid crystals in plane alignment state should exceed 0.6; (3)When the incident beam inclines to 60 ° from normal direction, blue shift of the reflective spectrum will reach to 100 nm. On the other hand, as Δn of the commercial chiral liquid crystals is not larger than 0.2, to get the entire visible reflective spectrum, it needs to introduce polymer network into liquid crystals and make a sagging structure on the surface of substrates. The contribution of the network is to establish random anchorage that makes the pitch variety, hence broadening the Bragg reflection spectra. Random distribution of sagging structure on the surface of substrate is used to induce random screw axes of the chiral liquid crystal, which not only causes blue shift of Bragg reflection but also further stretches the reflection spectra. Experiments demonstrated that Bragg reflection spectrum could be broadened from 80 nm to more than 120 nm, and the contrast reaches to 4∶1 by introducing both polymer network and sagging structure on the substrate surface of a cell.


The primary goal of the thesis is to study class number of the ring of integers of a number field and related arithmetical properties. The first part of the thesis provides a solution to a classical problem posed by Dirichlet in "Une propriété des formes quadratiques a déterminant positif". Dirichlet asked whether exist infinitely many real quadratic fields with 1 as relative class number. It has been shown in the thesis that Q( √ m) will always have 1 as relative class number for the conductor 3, whenever m is a prime of the form 3 (mod 4). The thesis also provides a necessary and sufficient condition for a real quadratic field to have relative class number 1. Moreover, the thesis contains significant generalization of the continued fraction approach of A. Furness and E. A. Parker towards relative class number. Using this approach, the thesis also shows the existence of another infinite family of real quadratic fields with relative class number 1 with an odd prime dividing the discriminant as conductor. The thesis also shows a simple relation between the fundamental unit of a real cubic field and its class number. It shows that the fundamental unit of a real cubic field must satisfy certain congruences if the class number is not divisible by 3. As a consequence of the methods employed, one can obtain classes of real cubic fields of


The article presents the scientific project "Linguistic Landscape as a State Policy Mechanism: Sociocultural and Communicative Aspects". It also highlights a scientific conference devoted to studying this topic. Work being carried out within the project's framework is described; scholars' vision of would-be research directions in the field of linguistic landscape is given as well.


Objective To investigate the effect of Actinidia chinensis Planch polysaccharide(ACPS)on the growth and apoptosis of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells,and to explore the effect of SGC-7901 cells on p-p38 expression.Methods The inhibition rates at different concentrations of ACPS on SGC-7901 cells at 24,48,and


Background: The incidence of Kawasakdisease has increased 13-30 times during the COVID-19 pandemic Kawasakdisease is a self-limiting vasculitis, that can l


Тhe technique of indirect measurement of size and deformation degree of carbide particles in firm alloys received by an explosive method based on model representations about structure of carbide skeleton of alloys is considered.


While Henry Sidgwick may be best known as a moral philosopher and the author of The Methods of Ethics (1874), he made notable contributions spanning economics and other fields as well, one of them being The Principles of Political Economy (1883). Even now The Methods and its treatment of utilitarianism is recognized as an authoritative model for ethical theory, but his conclusion that there is a "dualism of practical reason"has generated a great deal of controversy. The relationship between these two works has not yet been fully analyzed in the scholarly and critical literature. In this paper I demonstrate that the structure of the argument in The Principles is closely related to The Methods . Sidgwick distinguishes economics as a Science (what is)from economics as an Art (what ought to be) based on two moral principles, egoism and utilitarianism, both explicated in The Methods . Sidgwick's Science/Art distinction is instantiated by his distinction between "economic man" and "ordinary man."Economic man is an abstraction signifying economic behavior based on self-interest. In Sidgwick's argument, Science can employ the idea of economic man to objectively analyze a society where selfinterested economic behavior is the norm. Ordinary man, on the other hand, is the ideal of economic behavior motivated by moral rules based on both self-interest and utilitarianism. Art defines those governmental activities desired in a society consisting of "ordinary men." Self-interested economic activity does not necessarily achieve the preferred results. When it leads to monopoly, for example, it works to reduce social production. The dilemma of Sidgwick's "dualism of practical reason"is the generation of conflict between the outcome of economic man's behavior and the desired results of behavior by ordinary man. As I attempt to show here, in The Principles Sidgwick constructed a role for government that would resolve that problem. Furthermore, using the distinction between Science and Art, and introducing egoism and utilitarianism, Sidgwick tried to resuscitate the ideas of the classical school of political economy.


eccentric wrote quickly and sent unfinished material to the press. The rational woman shook her head and sighed at such foolishness. These and other inconsistencies of public personality have puzzled readers for the last three hundred years, but during her life they offered Cavendish important protection as a woman writer.1 Many women of her time wrote a great deal but did not need to be guarded from criticism because their writing had only limited circula tion within coteries.2 Margaret Cavendish, who intended her composi tions for print, was well aware that the last aristocratic woman to send a book to the press, Lady Mary Wroth, was thoroughly vilified.3 For Lord Denny and a great many others, Wroth was a "hermaphrodite in show, in deed a monster." Cavendish was not likely to be attacked by people of Denny's kind, for condemnation of a harmless eccentric would


Effects of Fe3+ nutrients on the growth of Heterosigma akashiwo were studied using batch culture experiment. The specific growth rate (μ) of H. akashiwo was proportional to the concentration of Fe3+ between 0.01~0.05 μmol·L-1. The maximum growth rate of H. akashiwo (μm-Fe) was 0.272 8·d-1, and the half saturated constant Ks-Fe was 0.016 9 μmol·L-1. The growth of H. akashiwo was limited when the concentration of EDTA was below 0.013 μmol·L-1, and the specific growth rate was proportional to the concentration of EDTA at the concentration higher than 0.013 μmol·L-1(μ-EDTA=2.074 2x-0.011 4,r2=0.924 8). The maximum growth rate (μm-EDTA) was 0.311 4, and Ks-EDTA=0.116 0 μmol·L-1. The effects of different ratios of Fe3+/EDTA on the growth of H. akashiwo were also discussed. The most suitable growth conditions for H. akashiwo were as: Fe3+ higher than 0.05 μmol·L-1, EDTA higher than 0.13 μmol·L-1 and Fe3+/EDTA=0.2.


The history of price indices is quite long – Dutot 1 presented his index in 1738, M. W. Drobisch published his formulas in 1871, Laspeyres and Paasche indices have been known since the 19-th century. From a theoretical point of view, a proper index should satisfy a group of postulates (tests) coming from the axiomatic index theory (see Balk (1995)). A system of minimum requirements of an index comes from Marco Martini (1992). According to the mentioned system a price index should satisfy at least three conditions: identity, commensurability and linear homogeneity. German index theoreticians – Eichhorn and Voeller (1976) – introduced a more generally acceptable system (EV) of five, and later also of four axioms: strict monotonicity, price dimensionality, commensurability, identity and (optionally) linear homogeneity (see also Bia ek (2005), von der Lippe (2007)). In the literature we can also meet other systems – for example Bernhard Olt (1996) examined several systems that provide less restrictive requirements than EV-systems. Let us consider a group of N components observed at times s, t and let us denote 2 :


Application of Time-Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) methods in hydrocarbon (HC) exploration on land is rapidly growing. We present results of a large-scale commercial project to illustrate the capabilities of advanced TDEM technologies powered by integrated interpretation of geological and geophysical data. To study the HC prospectivity of a field in Eastern Siberia, we performed survey design, acquired, processed and interpreted TDEM data from 30 profiles (total length over 770 km) covering a large area. The data acquisition was completed using the conventional TDEM and novel Focused-Source EM (FSEM) methods. We describe the geology, data acquisition methods, and key results obtained using an integrated interpretation of TDEM, seismic, and well logging data. The interpretation results allowed us to select targets for additional exploratory drilling. Post-survey drilling confirmed our recommendations. The presented case study illustrates the value of TDEM in the exploration workflow.


For engineers and nonengineer consumer alike, General Electric and Westinghouse Electric are household names. And as for utilities, most of us have heard of Public Service Electric and Gas, and Con Edison. But who, besides the power engineer, its customers, and its corporate stock-holders, knows American Electric Power? Yet the company today ranks as the largest investor-owned U.S. utility, with energy sales, during 1973, totaling nearly 75 billion kWh. Further, as the power engineer well knows, AEP is unique among the utilities in its reliance on coal, rather than oil, as its primary resource. Thus, the events of the last year - the Mideast petroleum embargo and the international energy crisis - have left AEP largely unscathed ... and so too its 1.76 million customers, across seven Midwest and midsouth states, who are currently paying fuel bills the bulk of us would envy. Through a combination of foresight and fortuitous circumstances, AEP, long regarded in power circles as a modern-day industrial anachronism, a dinosaur living off the remains of dinosaurs, has emerged as a glamor topic worthy of IEEE Spectrum's focus.


West development is the objective reguirement of china′s economic and social development.The bottleneck of west development is not natural and human resources,capital,technology or policy,bat conceptin;That conception bottleneck must be broken through to realize our west development.To renovate our conception,especially westener′s,trasportation,communication netcoork,culture and education shorud be emphasized.Factors forming this bottleneck are also discussed.


Despite many efforts by researchers worldwide to assess the biodiversity of plant groups, many locations on Earth remain not well surveyed and data-deprivation biases often occur. Robust estimates of inventory completeness could help alleviate the problem. This study aimed at identifying areas representing gaps in current knowledge of African palms, with a focus on Benin (West Africa). We assessed the completeness of knowledge of African palms targeting geographical distance and climatic difference from well-known sites. Data derived from intensive fieldwork were combined with independent data available online. Completeness inventory indices were calculated and coupled with other criteria to decide on the extent of knowledge. Results showed a high overall value for inventory completeness, as well as an even distribution of well-known areas across the country. However, poorly-known areas were distinctly identified and correlated to remote locations with low accessibility. This study illustrates how biodiversity survey and inventory efforts can be guided by existing knowledge. We strongly recommend the combination of digital accessible knowledge and fieldwork, coupled with expert knowledge, to obtain a better picture of the completeness of the inventory in tropical ecosystems.


The effects of storage and cooking on the contents of anserine (Ans) and carnosine (Car) and on the DPPH radical-scavenging activity were investigated for broiler (B) , Mikawa Red (M) and Nagoya Cochin (K) chicken meat. The contents of Ans and Car in the meat samples within 32 hours post-mortem differed among the breeds and parts of the chicken. The contents of Ans and Car in raw block breast meat remained unchanged after frozen


2,2',3,3'-Tetramethylfulvalene (4) and 2,2',3,3'-tetra-tert-butylfulvalene (7) were synthesized by two different routes. The potential of these systems to function as ligands to transition metals was explored with the more readily made 7, resulting in the preparation of the dinuclear complexes (η 5 :η 5 -t-Bu 4 C 1 0 H 4 )M 2 (CO) 4 (M = Fe, Ru, Os, 8-10) and (η 5 :η 5 -t-Bu 4 C 1 0 H 4 )Mo 2 (CO) 6 (11). The molecular structures of complexes 8 and 10 were determined by X-ray diffraction. Complexes 9 and 10 rearranged on irradiation to their (μ 2 -η 1 :η 5 -cyclopentadienyl) 2 M 2 (CO) 4 isomers 12 and 13, respectively, thermally reversible for 12, while 8 was photoinert.


Ivan Yakovlevich Korostovetz (1862–1933) was one of the most prominent Russian diplomats of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He played an extremely important role in the developing Russian-Chinese relations and a no less significant part in the development of Russian-Mongolian ties. Not a sinologist by education, and at the start not speaking Chinese, Korostovetz could understand the specifics of China so deeply and delve into the peculiarities of Chinese realities that he became one of the best experts on China at that time. Korostovetz actively popularized his knowledge on China among the Russian public by writing books and articles about the country. At the turn of the 20th century, Korostovetz became one of the most capable diplomats in the Russian Empire and contributed to an active Russian policy in China and Outer Mongolia. Having a deep understanding of the Russian geopolitical interests in the Far East, he was able to clearly formulate the main goals of Russia's policy in this region at the time when the Xinhai revolution broke out in China. Unfortunately, after 1917, Korostovetz failed to find a place for himself in the diplomatic field, and so he became the author of many published and unpublished works on the history of diplomacy and international relations in the Far East. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of Korostovetz' activities in various diplomatic positions in China and evaluate his role in the development of Russian-Chinese relations, as well as analyze his articles and books about China and show the depth in which he understood political development, history and culture of this country.


The authors believe that community mental health centers must make a commitment to develop primary prevention services for highrisk groups in their catchment areas. Boston State Hospital, in collaboration with its community and other human service agencies, has developed a program focused on the needs of children. It includes a school program, community center, family intervention unit, children's developmental workshop, court program, and a special high-risk group program. The critical need for a new alliance of human service providers is stressed.


TINA (Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture) is intended to be an open object oriented architecture without restrictions on service types. A TINA application consists of a number of computational objects logically linked to each other. Since these objects have to be implemented in a physical network with finite capacity, there is a need to consider how an overload control can be constructed for TINA networks. This paper investigates the behaviour of a TINA network during an overload situation. The results shows that the best network performance is achieved when the overload control tries to optimise the overall network performance instead of protecting a single node.


Author(s): Brown, Eric Raymer | Advisor(s): Tao, Andrea R | Abstract: Colloidal metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength resonators generally composed of a precious metal substrate and a deposited layer of colloidal metal nanoparticles, ultimately yielding a functional nanomaterial surface with a total thickness on the order of 100 nanometers. Colloidal metasurfaces, as like other metasurfaces, possess the ability to control and manipulate light in ways thatcannot be done using natural materials, yet have the added benefit of much faster, cheaper, and larger scale construction. The precise construction parameters of these colloidal metasurfaces allow for the tuning of an extreme, in-plane electromagnetic coupling phenomenon that is primarily localized within the metasurface "gap." Placing active materials (such as nanocrystals, fluorophores, and others) into this gap can lead to a variety of interesting effects that are potentially useful for the construction of larger functional devices. Certain types of active materials have very poor absorption capabilities, making them very difficult and/or inefficient to use as sensing agents and light collectors. Here we show that these colloidal metasurface gaps can be use to enhance the single- and multi-photon absorption efficiencies and subsequent emission intensities of an active layer of semiconducting nanocrystals via the integration of these nanocrystals into the metasurface gap during the metasurface construction process. Colloidal metasurfaces used for active layer enhancement can subsequently be tuned to accommodate many different types of absorbing active layers.


This project and dissertation carried out is to study on the minimization construction waste in construction industry which located in Klang Valley.
Construction waste is no longer a new issue in the construction industry. This is due to rapid growth of the construction development and has become a serious issue. So, the construction waste in construction industry has become the subject of many research papers or projects all around the world. It is commonly acknowledged by people that quite high level of waste has been generated in a construction projects.
Therefore, this research will focus on investigate type of construction material, factor that cause construction waste to be generated and the suitable method to minimize construction waste in construction industry. It is examining the reaction and attitude of those contractors in this issue. The construction materials that usually become a waste and should be recycling are bricks or blocks, concrete, mortar and others. The factors that normally cause waste to be produced are design changes, error in calculation and others. Besides that, the method that suitable in minimize construction waste are reduce, recycling, reuse, prevention which under sustainable waste management. Sustainable waste management hierarchy do help to minimize construction waste.
In short, the purpose of doing this research is to study on how the contractors minimize the construction waste that has been generated in the recent year. This allowed the researcher to explore more on the level of commitment and awareness on sustainable waste management and recommend a strategy to overcome it.


The GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) technique and its radiation emissions are examined in this study. Three commonly used materials in industry, SS304-type stainless steel, A36 low-carbon steel, and T6061 aluminium, are chosen for the tests. The welding is applied at 140 A, and radiation types and luminosities are evaluated for each material. During the welding processes, ultraviolet radiation was the most frequently observed at all parameters; in addition, visible light and infrared radiation, 200—1000 nm on an optical scale, are recorded. The effects of electric currents on the photon energy rates are clearly exhibited. The wavelengths are similar on the SS304 and A36 materials, but higher photon energy and intensity are observed on SS304. Furthermore, for the T6061 aluminium material, the optical radiation emission and peak patterns are totally different from the others, with peaks spiking over the entire range of the optical scale.


Kinematic analysis of movement following brain damage is key for diagnosing motor impairments and for recovery assessment. Advances in computer vision offer novel marker-less tracking tools that could be implemented in the clinic due to their simple operation and affordability. An important question that arises is whether marker-less technologies are sufficiently accurate compared to well established marker-based technologies. This study aims to perform validation of kinematic assessment using two high-speed cameras and a 3D pose estimation model. Four participants performed reaching movements with the upper limb between fixed targets, in different velocities. Movement kinematics were simultaneously measured using the DeepBehavior model and marker-based optical motion capture (QTM), as a gold standard. The differences in corresponding joint angles, estimated from the two different methods throughout the analysis, are presented as a mean absolute error (MAE) of the elbow angle. Quantitatively, the MAE of all movements was relatively small across velocity and joints (~2°). In a condition where the movements were made towards the DeepBehavior cameras, and the view of the elbow was occluded in one of the cameras, the errors were higher. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that marker-less motion capture is a valid alternative to marker-based motion capture. Inaccuracies of the DeepBehavior system could be explained by occlusions of key-points and are not associated with failure of the pose estimation algorithm.


The material characteristics of wood which is common topic in civil engineering field could be affected by biological degradation and therefore it is usual to apply some protective methods. This paper deals with differences between treated and untreated Spruce and their influence on mechanical parameters, especially at the creep due to an applied bending moment. Treatment of Spruce was based on environmentally friendly supercritical carbon dioxide technology. The deflection of wooden beams has been recorded for a week period, in both bending and shearing type. The creep load was determined by 30 % of a found failure of different types of the samples. The study has shown that the treated Spruce had a higher failure load, probably as a result of a higher density, but the creep properties were found to be more or less the same for treated and untreated Spruce. Keywords: long therm bendind test, shear test, treated Spruce, untreated Spruce;


ABSTRACTRecently Brouwers [Dissipation equals production in the log layer of wall-induced turbulence. Phys Fluids. 2007;19:101702] carried out an asymptotic analysis using the RANS based turbulence...


Ba people live in the areas of the Three Gorges, thus the formation of Ba culture is inseparable from the unique geographical and social enviroment. The Three Gorges culture boasts a long history and the areas along the Three Gorges is not only the original place of the earlier human beings, but also the birth place and sources of Ba culture.


ABSTRACT The empirical assessment of how signatories of human rights conventions comply with their obligations has, so far, yielded conflicting results, especially regarding the compliance mechanisms that are the most promising to ensure improving human rights records. We argue that this is due to the fact that differences in compliance systems have been neglected and that different compliance mechanisms have been assessed in isolation, without considering possible interactions. To analyze this argument, we propose a novel way to assess the effect of these mechanisms by relying on a Markov-transition model. Our results show that human rights violations are time dependent and that the effect of independent variables is conditional on previous human rights violations as well as on the strength of human rights compliance systems.


According to the saw blade for process bogie structure characteristics,the use of Pro /E 3 d software based on the 3 d model,with ANSYS software,a static and modal analysis,obtained the stress pattern,structure deformation diagram and the former 6 order natural frequency and modal shape. The analysis results show that the node the maximum equivalent stress and the maximal displacement nodes are within the scope of the provisions,the data are meet the requirements,frame structure overall stiffness is better,frame has good static characteristic and dynamic characteristic,can meet the design requirements.And on this basis to frame was further optimized,so as to save materials,reduce cost.The theoretical basis is provided for the development of the process bogie .


Calixarenes are a readily available and important class of macrocycles in supramolecular chemistry. Calixarenes have generated considerable interest due to their basket shaped structure and as useful building blocks to synthesize selective receptors for the guest species, notably alkali, alkaline earth, lanthanide and transition metal cations. In this work studied on the complexing properties of a para-sulfonato-calix [4] arene (C28H24O16S4) with alkali metal cations. The complexation properties of para-sulfonato- calix [4] arene were studied by Hartree Fock method. The complexes showed different properties for the different cations, depending on the cations and the position of the substituents grafted on the ligand.