Using wheel rutting test to evaluate rutting susceptibility of different asphalt mixtures has gained acceptance in asphalt paving industry.Wheel rutting test result is affected by many factors,and the air-void of rutting specimen is an important one.In order to analyze the extent of this effect and get the relationship between wheel rutting test results of rutting specimens with varied air-void,three kinds of asphalt mixtures were chose.A mass of rutting specimens with different air-voids were tested in wheel rutting tester.It is found that great difference between testing results was generated by little difference of air-void in rutting specimens.112 rutting depths were under regression analyzed as well.An air-void effect model(VEM)is developed at the referenced testing condition,which is based on wheel rutting testing results in laboratory.The VEM model can be used to predict the rutting depth of rutting specimens with different air-void at different number of loading cycles from one testing condition.The analyzing results indicate that better predicted results can be got when the air-void of 7% is used as the referenced air-void.The model also can be used to rapidly evaluate rutting susceptibility of different asphalt mixtures which is very useful in field quality control.


Bis-[4-alkyl/aryl-5-thia-1,2,4-triazoles] were prepared by fusion of diacids and thiosemicarbazides by condensation of aromatic acid hydrazides with isothiocyanate. Chemoselective alkylation of these bis-[4-alkyl/aryl-5-thia-1,2,4-triazoles] with 1,w-dihaloalkanes in presence of potassium hydroxide in aqueous methanol afforded novel N-alkyl/aryl thiatriazolophanes.


Ensembles of magnetic nanoparticles which are dispersed in a conductive gel matrix, show promising magnetoresistive characteristics [1-3]. By structuring the nanoparticles in the liquid gel by applying external magnetic fields, the magnetoresistance of such an arrangement can be adjusted. Furthermore, if the gel exhibits a liquid-solid transition the system structure and magnetoresistance characteristics can be preserved without the need of an external magnetic field. In order to predict the magnetoresistive properties of combinations of different magnetic nanoparticles and conductive gels, one has to simulate the magneto-dynamics of magnetic nanoparticles immersed in a gel. However, this requires to perform molecular dynamics and spin dynamics simulations simultaneously. Here, we present a hybrid approach, which combines two highly developed and well-established software packages into a new software tool that allows us to study this new class of problems.


INTRODUCTION Representation is one of the Process Standards that the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics [4] lists as useful for obtaining and applying mathematical skills and concepts. The ability to clearly and accurately represent mathematical ideas is key to analyzing real world problem situations. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) advocates that K-12 mathematics courses should incorporate all aspects of mathematical representation. One significant aspect is to "use representations to model and interpret physical, social, and mathematical phenomena" [4, p. 67]. This is fundamental to understanding the connections between concepts and applications and is the heart of mathematical modeling. The Committee on the Undergraduate Program in Mathematics (2004) [2] has recommended that a mathematics degree include a course that focuses on real-world mathematical applications. They recommend that the course emphasize all aspects of the solution process from the development of a model to the interpretation of the numerical values the process yields. Mathematical Modeling is a semester-long course at Virginia Commonwealth University that emphasizes building accurate models and analyzing model solutions. With a focus on problems that reflect real-world situations, this college course incorporates many of the NCTM (2000) guidelines on the development and use of mathematical models. To meet state certification requirements, this is a required course in the degree tracks for pre-service middle and high school mathematics teachers. Each semester, the class is also comprised of students preparing for careers in operations research, engineering, or other mathematics-related fields. This diverse population provides for a dynamic learning environment and an opportunity for all students to realize the importance of mathematical modeling to a variety of career paths. To present students with a more accurate picture of the role technology plays in modern applications of mathematical models, student versions of state-of-the-art software play an integral role in our course. This use of technology adds its own set of challenges to course instruction, however, and previous offerings of the course have shown that emphasis unintentionally shifts from the modeling process to software specifics. Certain subgroups of the student population tend to have more difficulty with the technical aspects of working with software programs than others. For example, in our experience pre-service teachers tend to exhibit higher levels of computer-related frustration than Engineering majors. With an interest in keeping the focus of our course on the important aspects of the modeling process, we designed a series of video tutorials to help students master the software details (i.e. the entry locations for numerical values, the steps to perform a certain function, etc.) that must be understood before they can successfully use the software to develop mathematical models. The modeling course, the video tutorials, and an assessment of the usefulness of the tutorials are described below. We hope that our work will inspire others to design tutorials for courses in which software plays a significant role and there is a need to get students up-to-speed quickly on the technical details of how to use a software tool. MATHEMATICAL MODELING COURSE The textbook for the course is Spreadsheet Modeling and Applications - Essentials of Practical Management Science1 [1]. As the title reflects, a spreadsheet software program - Microsoft Excel - is the tool used to develop mathematical models. The course is taught in a computer lab where all class presentations, examples, and assignments take place with the use of technology. Each student has access to a computer for the entire class period. Occasionally the instructor uses Microsoft PowerPoint presentations to highlight important aspects of the mathematical content being covered in a class session. …


the choice environment, as reflected in this comment: "What is chosen often depends upon how the choice is presented." Why? People have cognitive limitations, so their rationality is bounded, and heuristics and biases drive their decision making.34 Designers of choice environments, or "choice architects," can thus use these heuristics and biases to manipulate the choice environment to subtly guide users' behavior by gently "nudging" them toward certain choices. These observations are more than theory. We are being nudged every day of our lives. Supermarkets position items with the highest markups at eye level to nudge customers into making unplanned purchases. Likewise, supermarkets limit the number of units customers are allowed to buy, DOI:10.1145/3213765


Dietary fibre rich powder obtained from grapefruit by-products was analysed for its chemical composition and functional properties. The results revealed that grapefruit powder contained 50.39% of total dietary fibre, 17.36% of pectin substances, 6.65% of proteins, and 2.77% of fats. Grapefruit powder also exhibited good hydration properties (water holding, water retention, and swelling capacity), whereas its fat absorption capacity and emulsifying activity were very low. The effect of grapefruit powder as partial substitution of wheat flour in biscuit making (substitution levels 5, 10, and 15%) on the farinographic properties of wheat dough, physical characteristics, and sensory parameters of produced biscuits were also investigated. It was observed that increasing the level of grapefruit powder in dough increased water absorption and dough development time, while dough stability and mixing tolerance index decreased. Physical characteristics of biscuits (specific volume, volume index, width, thickness, an...


The utility model relates to a soft drink bottle with a bent neck. The soft drink bottle with the bent neck is characterized in that a soft drink bottle body (1) is provided with a bottle neck (2), a bottle cap (3) is arranged on the bottle neck (2), and the bottle neck (2) is arranged on the side face of the drink bottle body (1). The soft drink bottle with the bottle neck has the advantages of being simple in structure, low in cost and convenient to use.


This paper analyzes the demand for family planning services in Northwest Ethiopia by measuring the extent and magnitude of unwanted fertility among married women. Data is from a 1982 demographic survey of the Gonder region of northwest Ethiopia using a sample of 734 married women and 279 men. 500 of the women were infrequent visitors to family planning services so only these 500 are used in this study. To measure the extent of unwanted fertility the author uses the question of whether a mothers last birth was wanted or not. To help validate respondents answers the responses are cross-classified with these variables: 1) actual and desired number of children 2) actual and desired interpregnancy interval and 3) ideal time for conception. Results show that women who prefer a wider interpregnancy interval would not do so because they do not seem to be aware of the optimum time for conception or they may be forced into sexual unions. 39% of mothers aged 15-19 and 43% of mothers aged 20-24 had an unwanted last birth. 25% of mothers aged 45 and above had an unwanted last birth. To define a minimum reduction in fertility the last unwanted birth is considered the only unwanted birth. Using this method the decrease in parity ranges from 33% among 15-19 year olds to 4% among mothers 45 years old and older. The average reduction in parity is estimated at 16%. Thus the population of the area would double every 30 years instead of every 22 years as it does in the absence of family planning services. The author examines 6 socioeconomic variables which are associated the extent of unwanted fertility. Results show that 1) mothers tend to have a relatively high unwanted last birth both at earlier ages at marriage and ages at 1st birth; 2) the highest rate of unwanted last birth is among mothers who have been married 5-14 years; the lowest is in both extreme marital duration groups; 3) 65% of housewives have an unwanted last birth; 4) the percentage of last unwanted births does not show a significant difference between urban and rural areas; 5) 33% of illiterate mothers 29% of those with primary education and 39% of those with junior and senior secondary school education have unwanted last births. Establishing family planning programs in the area could reduce the relatively high rate of population growth. In the long run this would reduce the drought and mass starvation that has affected this part of Ethiopia for the past several years.


With a new round of curriculum reform of basic education,elementary school teachers are confronted with a fierce challenge in their professional level.The article carries out a probe into the strategies of professional progress of elementary school teachers and puts forward the suggestion that the construction of the principle "The Teacher Develops the School" should start and elementary schools should cooperate with colleges and universities to promote elementary school teachers' professional level.


The article examines an example of the application of a model for assessing the transactional reliability of information systems of industrial enterprises. This transactional reliability determines the correctness of the calculations performed and the integrity of the data, and, consequently, the characteristics of the quality of software tools that are used in information systems of industrial enterprises to perform control and data processing functions. It is shown that all the parameters of this model can be obtained from the results of testing the system, which makes it possible to construct adequate estimates of the reliability parameters. The calculated indicators obtained using the developed model differed from the real ones by no more than 5%, which indicates the sufficient adequacy of the model. The modern system Microsoft Dynamics 365 for Finance and Operations (Dynamics AX/Axapta) was used as an environment for modeling and analyzing the transactional reliability of software tools.


Blind image deconvolution (blind image deblurring or blind image restoration) is a classical inverse problem of Image Processing and Computer Vision. In a blind deconvolution process, the original uncorrupted image and and the Point Spread Function (PSF) of the degradation are unknown. Images of optic endoscopy are commonly affected by blur due camera movements during the image capture process or due involuntary movements of the gastrointestinal tissue. In this work, we propose a new blind deconvolution method of optical endoscopy blurred images. We explore the use of specular reflections that are a very common degradation in this type of images. These reflections are used as a prior information to the PSF estimation process. The proposed method can be divided into two stages. The first stage consists of a new method to perform a precise segmentation of specular reflections. The second step consists of a new estimation method of the PSF. This PSF is inferred by grouping and fusion of specular reflections previously segmented. We observed that the proposed method of fusion of theses reflections meets the prerequisites that the estimated PSF must be sparse, positive and have a small size when compared with the blurred image size. Also, since we know that these reflections may contain relevant information about the degradation, we show that when fused, they may be used in the estimation of the PSF producing satisfactory results where, in many cases, the quality of the images restored by the proposed method is superior or equal to the images restored by other state-of-the-art methods.


Very often our memories of the past are of experiences or events we shared with others. And "in many circumstances in society, remembering is a social event" (Roediger, Bergman, & Meade, 2000, p. 1...


A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2016 to April, 2017 at Bahirdar municipal abattoir, Amhara National Regional State, to determine the prevalence of rumen and reticulum foreign bodies and to identify types of foreign bodies and associated risk factors for the occurrences of foreign bodies. The study animals were selected by using simple random sampling method from the total slaughtered animals. From the total of 384 examined cattle, 78 (20.3%) were found positive for the occurrence of indigestible foreign bodies in rumen and reticulum. Prevalence of foreign body occurrence recorded in young ( 10 years) 34 (45.95%) respectively while the prevalence rate recorded in poor, medium and good cattle were 33 (35.48%), 29 (22.3%) and 16 (9.93%). The types of foreign bodies encountered in rumen and reticulum were plastic, nails, wires, hair ball, clothes and key. Out of 78 positive cases of foreign body, 51 (13.5%) were occurred in rumen, 21 (5.5%) in reticulum and 6 (1.5%) were encountered in both rumen and reticulum. Among the considered risk factors, age, stomach compartment and body condition score of the examined animals found highly significantly associated (p<0.05) with the occurrence of foreign bodies. The prevalence of rumen and reticulum foreign bodies was lower in local breed cattle 57 (19.38%) than that of the cross breeds 21 (23.3%). It was not stastically significant (p=0.999) between local and cross breed. In general, detection of the foreign bodies in rumen and reticulum causes loss of production and high mortality rate as well it has also impact on animal welfare. Hence, appropriate solid waste disposal system need to be implemented in the study area to prevent health risk of ruminants and environment.


The 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola Epidemic remains the largest recorded Ebola outbreak. In response to the escalating number of cases in Sierra Leone in the summer and early autumn of 2014, the British Armed Forces and Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces intervened in support of the outbreak response. Among other contributions, the militaries established and subsequently helped to lead a national network of bespoke (and inherently militarised) coordination centres, from which almost all formal Ebola response operations were organised. Their contributions were therefore central to the outbreak response. However, the decision and process by which these actors first intervened is not well documented.In order to examine the historical origin of the militaries' intervention, 110 semistructured qualitative interviews with key stakeholders at the international, national and subnational level were conducted and analysed.Military support to Sierra Leone's Ebola response was found to result from the advocacy and careful planning of a small number of individuals operating in Freetown, alongside closed-door negotiations occurring at the highest level of government in the UK.This has important implications for understanding elite decision-making related to the militarisation of aid and the wider securitisation agenda.


The strain response of rock to quasistatic stress cycles (e.g., 10−3 Hz) is highly nonlinear, hysteretic, and displays discrete memory. Rocks also display unusual nonlinear behavior in acoustic wave experiments (e.g., 104 Hz). Nonlinearity and hysteresis are prominent features in elastic measurements on rocks. This observation is the key to making the connection between low‐frequency (quasistatic) and high‐frequency (acoustic) measurements, e.g., between static modulus and dynamic modulus. A new paradigm has been developed for the description of the elastic behavior of rocks and other consolidated materials. This paradigm uses the statistical properties of an ensemble of micron‐scale hysteretic mechanical units to describe the elastic response of a macroscopic piece of material. It provides a recipe for inverting stress‐strain data (low‐frequency data) for the distribution of hysteretic mechanical units. From this distribution, the high‐frequency acoustic response of the macroscopic piece of material can ...


Changes in ocean carbon inventory are considered the likely primary driver of declining glacial atmospheric pCO2 through the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT). Here, we present global core‐top calibrations of the "size‐normalized weight" (SNW) of planktonic foraminifera for estimating paleo‐deep‐water Δ[CO32−]. Then, we apply this approach to reconstruct deep‐water Δ[CO32−] in the western tropical Pacific since ∼1.4 Ma. At ∼1.0–0.9 Ma, a rapid weakening of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) resulted in a transient increase of ∼10 μmol kg−1 in deep‐water Δ[CO32−], after which deep‐water Δ[CO32−] declined at ∼0.9–0.7 Ma. Glacial and interglacial deep‐water Δ[CO32−] reveals stepwise declines of about 7 and 10 μmol kg−1, respectively, after MIS 20 (0.79–0.81 Ma) and MIS 19 (0.76–0.79 Ma), reflecting increased DIC content in the deep Pacific. We infer that a sustained increase in deep Pacific carbon storage following the MPT was linked to enhanced oceanic stratification and greater influence of CO2‐rich Southern Ocean‐sourced waters.


A historian and a political scientist take issue with Bonefeld's interpretation of ordoliberalism from the viewpoint of our historical knowledge of the Freiburg School. Our major disagreement is with Bonefeld's underlying assumption that the ideas of the Freiburgers on strong state authority were very durable and continued to be so across a divide as great as that of 1945 when a more strictly chronological use of the sources would have shown significant transformations. The earlier quasi proto-fascist ideas of the strong state were replaced with a much more muted role for the state in providing a constitutional framework in which the market forces could develop. It is through this break with their own initial sympathy with Hitler's strong state that the ideas of the Freiburger Ordnungspolitik underwent profound changes to a constitutional state as guarantor of economic stability, and only in this changed form do the ideas of a legal rule-based system of the Freiburger ordoliberals continue to play an important role in understanding Germany's role in resolving the Euro crisis. It is this significant shift, in the ideas of ordoliberals, that is missing in Bonefeld's article.


Abstract We study the following problem: For which Tychonoff spaces $X$ do the free topological group $F(X)$ and the free abelian topological group $A(X)$ admit a quotient homomorphism onto a separable and nontrivial (i.e., not finitely generated) group? The existence of the required quotient homomorphisms is established for several important classes of spaces $X$, which include the class of pseudocompact spaces, the class of locally compact spaces, the class of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$-compact spaces, the class of connected locally connected spaces, and some others. We also show that there exists an infinite separable precompact topological abelian group $G$ such that every quotient of $G$ is either the one-point group or contains a dense non-separable subgroup and, hence, does not have a countable network.


The H1 experiment at the ep-collider HERA at DESY in Hamburg, has investigated the diffractive production of vector mesons in photoproduction and at large photon virtualities, Q2. The photoproduction of ρ0 shows the characteristics of soft diffractive physics, as expected from Regge theory, whereas the heavier J/ψ deviates from this picture. Its production is well described by QCD-models, relating the cross section to the gluon content of the proton. The ρ0, φ and J/ψ electroproduction cross sections are measured as a function of the hadronic centre of mass energy, Wγp and also differentially in Q2 and the square of the four-momentum transferred, t. The helicity structure is studied through the decay angular distribution. The production of the higher mass excitations ρ′ and ψ′ has been observed. Electroproduction of ρ0 with diffractive proton dissociation shows a similar behaviour to the elastic case, except for a harder t spectrum.


Parental actions and beliefs shape every aspect of a child's health and development. Green and Solnit described a vulnerable child syndrome in which the child's development was impaired when the parents treated him or her in an inappropriate fashion because they had an unreasonable expectation that he or she would die. We recently cared for a child who suffered a life-threatening event (status epilepticus due to hyponatremia) because the parents were trying to avoid reproducing a serious, but not life-threatening, problem (nursing bottle caries) that had occurred in the older sibling. This distortion of professional advice created vulnerability to significant neurologic problems.


The global tendency to increase the diameter of the main mirror of the telescope leads to a corresponding increase in the size and mass of the elements of the telescope mount assembly, which are controlled by gearless drives of the corresponding axes. Such drives are characterized by high tracking and positioning accuracy with errors not exceeding angular seconds at ultra-low rotation speeds. Additionally, such control objects are characterized by the nonlinear function of the friction torque and external disturbances, which primarily include a significant wind torque. Also, in the control algorithms, it is necessary to take into account the elastic and damping properties of the links between elements of the controlled axes. These factors require the use of so-called robust controllers that can compensate for these undesirable factors. This article proposes a controller synthesized on the basis of a sliding mode with an observer for parallel estimation of system states. To estimate the speed of the system, a classical optimal observer is used, which provides high accuracy in estimating the speed of the system and ensures the convergence of the estimation error into a small zone.


We attempted the growth of KNbO3 films by the solid-state diffusion technique. First, amorphous KNbO3 films were deposited on (100) MgO substrates at room temperature by pulsed laser deposition. The chemical composition of the amorphous films did not differ from that of the target. A (110)-oriented KNbO3 film was obtained by annealing the amorphous film at 750°C for 1 hour in air. Ruddlesden-Popper-type layered perovskite K2NbO3F films were also grown by the solid-state diffusion technique. The XRD pattern of the film after immersion in water indicated the formation of a KNbO3 film.


Original Research Article Background: To ascertain if Fluoridated dentifrices have an effect on Streptococcus mutans count in orthodontic patients with Self Ligating brackets. Material and method: patient had tooth No"s 25 included in the study with Self Ligating bracket bonded. Dentifrices tested were Fluoride based. Conventional tooth paste was considered as control group. Result: Paired T test compared the means of Streptococcus mutans count around Self Ligating bracket at different time intervals. Conclusion: This shows Self Ligating bracket has statistically significant reduction of Streptococcus mutans with Fluoride toothpaste. Keyword: SLB, Fluoride, Stainless steel. Copyright @ 2019: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use (NonCommercial, or CC-BY-NC) provided the original author and source are credited. INTRODUCTION As bacteria in dental plaque is one of the main factors causing periodontal inflammation; careful plaque control is very important. The extrinsic variables affecting the bacterial count (besides the confounding intrinsic host factors) may be considered to be the type of tooth brush used by the patient and the method of brushing, the effect of the dentifrice used and the quality and quantity of orthodontic attachments in the oral cavity. Fluoride acts primarily via topical mechanisms and brings about inhibition of demineralization enhancement of remineralization at the crystal structure and inhibition of bacterial enzyme. Marsh and Bradshaw [1] found that 19 ppm of fluoride in an in vitro mixed culture study inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Streptococcus mutans is a potent initiator of caries because there are a variety of virulence factors unique to the bacterium and play an important role in caries initiation. Firstly, Streptococcus mutans is an anaerobic bacterium known to produce lactic acid as part of its metabolism. Secondly, there is the ability of Streptococcus mutans to bind to tooth surfaces in the presence of sucrose by the formation of water-insoluble glucans, a polysaccharide that aids in binding the bacterium to the tooth 1 .The most important virulence factor is the acidophilcity of Streptococcus mutans. Unlike the majority of oral microorganisms, Streptococcus mutans thrives under acidic conditions and becomes the dominant bacterium in cultures with permanently reduced pH [2]. Though, brushing teeth twice a day is considered reasonably effective in plaque and bacterial count reduction, the common prevalence of gingival inflammation in orthodontic patients often suggests inadequate oral hygiene procedures in most patients. The household name for toothpaste is often synonymous with "Colgate" in rural India to designate a dentifrice. Juvvadi [2] found a high Fluoride concentration in the oral cavity might inhibit acid production by bacteria and may reduce the number Streptococcus mutans. Hence, this study of microbiological assay of Streptococcus mutans with an objective to study the performance and measure the efficacy of Fluoride toothpastesFluoride based herbal toothpaste with self ligating Bracket is done. AIM AND OBJECTIVES To ascertain if Fluoride dentifrices have an effect on Streptococcus mutans count in orthodontic patients with self ligating Bracket brackets. Aseem Sharma et al., Sch J Dent Sci, Sep, 2019; 6(9): 402-407 © 2019 Scholars Journal of Dental Sciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India 403 MATERIAL AND METHOD Nature of Study Randomized, prospective, cross sectional single blinded microbiological assay study with each patient acting his /her own control in this study. Area of Study Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research and Microbiological Assay was conducted in Divya Jyoti Hospital. Ethical Clearance This study was approved by Institutional Committee (IEC No DJD/IEC/2014/A-001). A written consent was taken from each participating subject. Inclusion Criteria • Patient with similar socioeconomic strata & common food habits. • Patients free of oral/parental antibiotics for one month. • No periodontal & systemic disorders • Patients with no crowding and who have had alignment and leveling completed. Dentifrices CODES COLOR DENTIFRICES X White Fluoride BasedToothpaste (Colgate Palmolive) Bracket Type S. No Bracket type 1 Passive Self Ligating Bracket [Empower 0.22 MBT American Orthodontics] Self ligating Bracket Steps and Time Interval of Study  Each group consists of 30 teeth with 30 brackets to be tested.  Each patient served as his/her own control as 1 types of bracket were tested in the same mouth at the same time period.  Each patient had tooth No"s 25 included in the study with SLB bracket bonded.  Dentifrices tested was Fluoride based.  The dentifrices were dispensed into 5ml bottles coded as X for Fluoride toothpaste –. Color Coding of Dentifrices  Conventional tooth paste was considered as control group. S.No N Type Bracket Bonded on Tooth Number I 30 Self-Ligating passive MBT 25 CODES COLOR DENTIFRICES X White Fluoride Dentifrice (Colgate Palmolive) containing fluoride. Aseem Sharma et al., Sch J Dent Sci, Sep, 2019; 6(9): 402-407 © 2019 Scholars Journal of Dental Sciences | Published by SAS Publishers, India 404 Ice Box Plaque Collection and Transportation Plaque collection and transportation  Plaque sample placed in 5ml sterilized vials with1ml distill water.  Sterilized vials were transported in icebox to the lab.  The bacteriological study was conducted by Dilution Plating Method.  The growth media used was Mutans-Sanguis Agar. Oral Hygiene Instructions  The subjects were given oral hygiene instructions & requested to refrain from using any other oral hygiene products like mouthwash etc.  The subjects were instructed to follow standard oral hygiene regime which included brushing twice a day with toothpaste as prescribed in the study regime.  The patients were advised to rinse thoroughly after every meal. Table Shows: Time Interval of Tooth Paste Usage TOOTHPASTE TIME INTERVAL Baseline without use of study Dentifrices 1 st to 2 nd Day Fluoride (X) 3 rd to 8 th Day Table Shows: Time Interval of Plaque Collection Sample Count Time Interval Day Count Sample No.1 (baseline without use of study dentifrices) (T1) (Start of study ) Day : 1 Sample No.2 T2 Day : 3 Sample No.3 T3 Day : 8 Plaque Collection Method  Patients were requested to refrain from eating or drinking 1 hour prior to sample collection.  Plaque sample was collected by Four Pass Technique at midmorning (11 a.m.).  In this technique the explorer tip is moved around the circumference of the bracket at the bracket tooth interface.  Four passes, along the tooth at the bracket interface at the gingival, mesial, distal, and occlusal aspects are done to avoid overloading the instrument tip.  This is considered an effective method of obtaining the total plaque .Plaque samples were placed in sterilized vials having distilled water in it. Laboratory Equipment's


IT MAY seem something of an Irish bull to speak of the Irish origin of the Grail legend. What does Irish literature or folktale know of Joseph of Arimathea, of his receiving the dish or cup of the Last Supper from Pilate, his catching therein the blood of Christ as He hung on the cross, his imprisonment by the Jews, his miraculous feeding by the same vessel during forty years in a dungeon, his release and his wanderings, the coming of Joseph or of Bron to Britain, the conversion of the land to Christianity, the preservation of the holy vessel in the mysterious castle of Corbenic by a succession of guardian kings, the quest of that vessel by Arthur's knights, their adventures and visions, their voyages over perilous seas in faery lands forlorn, the ultimate arrival of Perceval or Galahad at a rich and lofty castle, his reception by a maimed king, the entrance of a youth holding a bleeding spear and a damsel with a shining Grail, the miraculous appearance of delicious food at each place as the Grail passes, the hero's momentous question: 'Whom does the Grail serve?,' the sudden healing of the maimed king, the succession of the youthful hero to the kingship of the Grail? What, one may well ask, does Ireland know of this legend? The answer is: Nothing, save for three late texts manifestly translated from the French.' Yet no other theory explains so much of the Grail legend as that of Irish origin and Welsh development; no other theory accords so well with antecedent probability regarding the Arthurian cycle of romance. Every student of mediaeval history and literature knows the great gift which Ireland made to European culture when between 500 and 850 A.D. she transfused into the veins of a Continent bled white by the savage strokes of pagan hordes the reviving blood of her own sanctity and learning. From Bobbio in the Apennines to Iceland, Irishmen stood out pree~minent as the representatives of Christian scholarship, for Ireland was the one country in Christendom which had not felt the shattering onslaughts of the Goth, the Vandal, the Hun, or the Norseman. During these centuries Ireland deservedly won its title as the Island of Saints and Scholars. With this great contribution of Ireland to mediaeval civilization the scholarly world is familiar. But few are familiar with a later and perhaps equally momentous gift of Ireland to literature. As Professor Kittredge once put it: 'Something produced a great change in the literature of France in the twelfth century, that is to say, in the literature of the western world, for at no assignable time could French liter-


Recently, the studies of soft actuators have been getting increased attention among various fields. Soft actuators are very safe for fragile objects and have an affinity to humans because they are composed of flexible materials. A miniature flexible actuator is a kind of pneumatically driven soft actuator. It has a bellowed shape and asymmetrical structure. This shape can generate a curling motion in two ways under positive and negative pressures with only one air tube. In the previous article, a control system using adaptive λ-tracking control was proposed. This control gain can become too large as time tends to infinity because the adaptive law exhibits a non-decreasing gain. To solve this problem, the funnel control method is proposed. The adaptive gain of this method not only increases but also decreases; however, the design scheme of the boundary function which is needed to decide on adaptive gain is not proposed here. In this article, an operator-based nonlinear control system's design and the design scheme of the boundary function using an observer are proposed. Then, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a simulation and an experiment.


Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) in military and civilian field has the rapid development and UAV remote sensing has become a development trend.UAV data processing is one of issues to be resolved.In the study,514 pieces of UAV data were rapidly processed with PixelGrid,which is as a new solution of UAV data processing in the guarantee of accuracy and less Manual intervention.


Mapping a-helical induced folding within the intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain of the measles virus nucleoprotein by site-directed spin-labeling EPR spectroscopy AQ1


This work addresses the problem of node-by-node QoS control in wireless ad-hoc networks carrying best-effort (elastic) traffic. We characterize a duality behavior of the original and so-called adjoint network in the sense of optimization theory. Relying on the adjoint network concept we propose a decentralized algorithm yielding the optimal power allocation and analyze it in the framework of stochastic approximation


The stress field in a finite, edge cracked specimen under load is computed using algorithms based on two slightly different integral equations of the second kind. These integral equations are obtained through left regularizations of a first kind integral equation. In numerical experiments it is demonstrated that the stress field can be accurately computed. Highly accurate stress intensity factors and T‐stresses are presented for several setups and extensive comparisons with results from the literature are made. For simple geometries the algorithms presented here achieve relative errors of less than 10−10. It is also shown that the present algorithms can accurately handle both geometries with arbitrarily shaped edge cracks and geometries containing several hundred edge cracks. All computations were performed on an ordinary workstation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Using an approach similar to Abvikosov's theory of the vortex state near H/sub c/2, we have performed an exact, near-onset analysis of a spin-density-wave instability leading to the ''linearly polarized state'' of Greenside et al. in ferromagnetic superconductors. The approach is based on a generalized Ginzburg-Landau theory for such materials, as formulated by Blount and Varma. Two models have been considered. In the (..cap alpha..,..beta..) model, where the bulk magnetic energy is taken to be (1/2)..cap alpha../sub m/M/sup 2/+(1/4)..beta../sub m/M/sup 4/, we find the transition to be second order, and obtain explicit formulas for various physical quantities to leading order in the deviation from onset. We have also rigorously analyzed the most favored spatial structure just below onset, among all possibilities allowed by the instability, and have concluded that a plane-wave-like structure is favored in a physical limit considered. In the (..cap alpha..,..gamma..) model, where the bulk magnetic energy is taken to be (1/2)..cap alpha../sub m/M/sup 2/+(1/6)..gamma../sub m/M/sup 6/ as is supported by recent experiments for ErRh/sub 4/B/sub 4/, we find the transition to be first order. This approach is then confined to an unphysical branch, which does not permit us to calculate various physical quantities on the physical branch.


In this chapter we look at female experience and development from latency to adulthood on its own terms, not as a derivative of the experience and development of males. We benefit from the research of many who followed the lead of the contributors to Max Sugar's first edited volume, Female Adolescem Development, published in 1979. This group provided data about how girls make the transition from early to middle and then to late adolescence that would allow their basic patterns to be explored (and compared to males or not). Up to that point, information about girls was dispersed, if available at all, and separate from that about boys. While this is still true to some extent, it is much less so today than two decades earlier? Today, groups such as the American Association of University Women, the kanerican Psychological Association, Wellesley Center for Research on Women (WCRC), and Carol Gilligan's and the Stone Center's research teams have focused on issues of adolescent girls' development and brought them to the attention of the national media. Depending on the perspective taken, adolescent girls can be viewed as in crisis or as thriving, as overwhelmed with problems or resilient despite the many changes and challenges facing them. They can be seen as "losing-self-in-relation ''-~ or as strengthened by their many bonds that tie. But they do not exist apart from their histories and cultural contexts. Wynne and Frader's insightful historical analysis of the relationship of society's views of female adolescents and its views of adult women in general suggested that the two have accompanied and reinforced cultural stereotypes of each? As women's roles expanded and constricted with the times, so did notions of the female adolescent's "proper" occupation, activities, relationships, and demeanor. Much early psychological research on adolescence attempted to examine the characterization of this stage of development as universally stormy and tumultuous. However, little evidence to support this


of the constructivist model, ideology, and practice, which elude many educators and leaders. The book takes us on a journey of self-reflection at many levels, showing us how the individual, the context, and the system all function as interrelated forces that can be changed in dramatic and empowering ways for schools. This constructivist approach to leadership in schools takes into account the macro and micro levels of educational systems today, with an appreciation for historical influences. One of the author's hallmarks as a writer is the way he translates principles of educational leadership and change into practice using case study applications to teaching and learning. Indeed, the literary power of this author is felt in the way that he renders school practitioners and learners as characters who must wrestle their way through problems that often require a combination of vision and strategy ("diagnostic strategic planning") in order to effect change. (The ideas in the book can be easily transferred to university and other educational systems and even personal circumstances, all of which are alluded to throughout.) With a constructivist way of looking at classrooms and beyond to schools, communities, organizations, policies, and movements, this text accomplishes a broad stroke regarding critical issues in education. The author also provides a penetrating analysis of the issues that are raised, sometimes encouraging the reader to draw the inference from the details and facts provided. In short, we are given so much more than we may have bargained for with one book—it not only accomplishes the work that would typically take several books to achieve but also manages to do so in an accessible, engaging, and humorous manner. Leadership for Constructivist Schools makes for a very exciting and informative read, one that builds a convincing argument for passionate involvement in educational issues and reform today. Readers will be drawn into the educational drama that the author so cleverly paints and extends using thoughtprovoking prompts. Readers will also no doubt become active thinkers rather than passive recipients of the ideas in this book. We are assisted with the activity of reflecting on and evaluating our own thoughts and judgments while arriving at new breakthroughs in the form of enriched/surprising insights.


Surface fishing with flies and lures is so much fun that we often forget about the deep dimension. Our experts share their thoughts on deep water sports fishing tactics on this weeks edition of the Big Fish.


In this study, plum slices were dried in a heat pump dryer designed and constructed in Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. Drying experiments were carried out at an air temperature range of 45–55°C. The performance of the dryer along with its main components were evaluated using an exergy analysis method. Exergy destruction and capital cost rates were used for the exergoeconomic analysis, which is based on the quantities exergy, cost, energy, and mass (EXCEM) method. Exergy destruction rates to capital cost values R ex were obtained to vary between 1.668 and 2.063 W/USD at different drying air temperatures. R en values were observed to range from 6.258 to 5.749 W/USD. R en values decreased as the drying air temperature increased, contrary to R ex values. and values increased linearly with increasing temperature due to the loss, whereas decreased due to the relatively higher energy utilization efficiency of the heat pump. In the compressor, and values decreased with the increase in the temperature contrary to the other components. had the lowest value in the drying duct. However, in the compressor, expansion valve, and heat recovery, values were found to be higher and should be improved in these units.


Using parameter of an absorber other than the real thickness, the absorption curve of the intensity of bremsstrahlung or recombination continuous X-rays from a plasma for determining the electron temperature is expressed in a simple analytical relation approximately. This relation can be used to determine the temperature and the proportion of each component, when the energy distribution of electrons in the plasma consists of more than two components in the form of a Maxwellian distribution. Some results of the calculation of the absorption curve are shown.


Brain endothelial cells (BECs) form a major component of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In late gestation, these cells express high levels of the multidrug transporter P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp; encoded by Abcb1), which prevents the passage of an array of endogenous factors and xenobiotics into the fetal brain. P‐gp levels in the BECs increase dramatically in late gestation, coincident with astrocyte differentiation. However, the role of astrocytes in modulating P‐gp in the developing BBB is unknown. We hypothesized that factors produced by astrocytes positively regulate P‐gp in BECs. Astrocytes and BECs were isolated from fetal and postnatal guinea pigs. Levels of Abcb1 mRNA and P‐gp were increased in BECs co‐cultured with astrocytes compared to BECs in monoculture. Moreover, postnatal astrocytes enhanced P‐gp function in fetal BECs but fetal astrocytes had no effect on postnatal BECs. These effects were dependent on secreted proteins with a molecular weight in the range of 3–100 kDa. LC/MS‐MS revealed significant differences in proteins secreted by fetal and postnatal astrocytes. We propose that astrocytes are critical modulators of P‐gp at the developing BBB. As such, aberrations in astrocyte maturation, observed in neurodevelopmental disorders, will likely decrease P‐gp at the BBB. This would allow increased transfer of P‐gp endogenous and exogenous substrates into the brain, many of which have neurodevelopmental consequences.


This paper undertakes a brief review of the tra- ditional Portuguese literature, bringing into play the names of three Portuguese writers, who were part of the 16-17th cen- tury literary-historical period, also called Baroque period, as well part of the Enlightenment of the 18th century. In this manner, in line with the proposal of the feminist literary criticism, which has been engaged in rescue and study authors from the past, the paper reviews "Cartas portuguesas" excerpts, by Mariana Alcoforado; some sonnets from Leonor de Almeida, as known as Marquesa de Alorna; and excerpts from the romance "As Aventuras de Diofanes", by Teresa Margarida da Silva e Orta. Thus, we intend to establish an analytical dialogue between the- se productions and issues of gender and feminist perspective.


Treated with one kind of flame-retardant resin article having excellent flame retardancy and bleeding does not occur. Providing a molded resin form or in form of a coating composition, the composition contains a metal phosphinate flame retardant of general formula (I) represented by (wherein R1 and R2 each independently represents a C1-6 alkyl group, or comprising equal to or less than an aryl group having 12 carbon atoms; and wherein m represents calcium, aluminum or zinc; when m = Al, m = 3, m = 2), an end portion having a reactive unsaturated group in other cases organic and the amount of phosphorus flame retardant resins, metal phosphinate and the reactive organophosphorus flame retardant is 5 to 30 mass%.


The paper describes a Non-linear Control (ETNC) approach for constrained
 Networked Feedback Control Systems (NFCS). The real-time controller
 execution is implemented based on the Event-triggering paradigm. A nonlinear
 variable structure is used for the controller design. The nonlinear approach
 is based on the predefined sliding variable defined by the system states
 with a nonlinear switching function. The system's stability is analyzed
 regarding the evolution of the sliding variable. The Event-Triggered
 operation of the nonlinear controller is based on the prescribed triggering
 rule. The stability boundary of the sliding variable is subject to the
 preselected triggering condition, whose selection is a tradeoff of system
 performance, networks constraints and transmission capabilities. The main
 focus of the Event triggering approach is lowering network resources
 utilization in the steady-state behavior of the NFCS. The presented approach
 ensures a non-zero inter-event time of controller execution, which enables
 scheduling and optimization of the network operation regarding the network
 constraints and real-time system performance. The efficiency of the
 presented method is presented with a comparison of the classical time
 triggering approach. The real measurement supports the results.


In order to overcome the defects that a nylon superfine denier fiber fabric is easy to degum and low in hydrostatic pressure resistance value, washing resistance and tear strength, clothes are not stiff and smooth enough, and gel easily permeates a coating and is easily adhered to the coating reversely when the coating is treated in the prior art, the invention provides a finishing agent for the nylon superfine denier fiber fabric and a preparation method for the finishing agent. The finishing agent consists of a finishing agent A and a finishing agent B, wherein the finishing agent A consists of the following components in part by weight: 86 to 90 parts of polyurethane resin, 4 to 8 parts of solvent A, 3 to 6 parts of bridging agent, 1 to 2 parts of accelerator and 2 to 4 parts of titanium dioxide; and the finishing agent B consists of the following components in part by weight: 81.5 to 92.5 parts of silicon resin, 3 to 11 parts of solvent B, 2 to 5 parts of cross-linking agent and 2 to 5 parts of cross-linking catalyst. The tear resistance, ultraviolet resistance, hydrostatic pressure resistance and stiffness and smoothness of the fabric treated by the finishing agent are obviously improved.


This paper presents a nonlinear sliding mode type controller for slip regulation in a braking event for an electromagnetic brake-by-wire system equipped automobile. The electromagnetic brake -by-wire system under consideration consists of a set of eddy current brakes attached to the automobile wheels. The anti-lock braking controller modifies the brake torque command generated by a supervisory controller which, in turn, is based on the driver's command sensed via brake pedal sensors. The modified brake torque command is then generated by a closed loop actuator control algorithm to control the eddy current brake (ECB) system. It is shown in this paper that the proposed anti-lock braking control system is stable in the sense of Lyapunov. Experimental results are presented for a test vehicle equipped with an electromagnetic brake-by-wire system. Experimental results show that the proposed anti-lock brake control algorithm provides very good slip regulation in a braking event on low friction coefficient surfaces (wet Jennite) when compared with that of a non anti-lock braking event. Experimental results also indicate that the proposed anti-lock braking control system provided a very smooth stop for the vehicle.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


The three new methods of ocular tendon transplantation make the new attachments external, in varying amounts, to the median vertical plane of the globe, with the idea of increasing the mechanical chances of securing outward rotation and of lessening tension on the portion transplanted. The illustrations show this mechanical aspect in a diagrammatic way. The vertical recti will be used for ease of description, although the operations can be applied for isolated paralysis or paresis of any rectus muscle. METHODS First Method .—This method consists in a transplantation of the inner three fourths of the tendons of the vertical recti under the uncut outer fourth to the corresponding margins of the externus insertion. This operation was performed on both eyes of a patient of Dr. Hans and Dr. Otto Barkan at their request. The condition was double, complete, congenital abducens palsy in a girl 19 years of age.


Mode-locked laser designs for both time and frequency domain based applications are presented. It is shown that for strictly time domain applications, simple laser cavity designs can produce pulse trains at 10 GHz with sub-5 fs relative timing jitter (1 Hz-100 MHz) using only commercially available components. Frequency stabilized sources maintain low timing jitter while achieving 1MHz maximum frequency deviations for optical spectra consisting of ~200 10 GHz spaced frequencies. Methods of characterizing pulse-to-pulse timing jitter by examining the photodetected spectrum are reviewed. The effects of the phase noise of an rf source used to drive an actively mode-locked laser on the laser's amplitude and timing fluctuations is also discussed.


The emergence of fractonic topological phases and novel universality classes for quantum dynamics highlights the importance of dipolar symmetry in condensed matter systems. In this work, we study the properties of symmetry-breaking phases of the dipolar symmetries in fermionic models in various spatial dimensions. In such systems, fermions obtain energy dispersion through dipole condensation. Due to the nontrivial commutation between the translation symmetry and dipolar symmetry, the Goldstone modes of the dipolar condensate are strongly coupled to the dispersive fermions and naturally give rise to non-Fermi liquids at low energies. The IR description of the dipolar symmetry-breaking phase is analogous to the well-known theory of a Fermi surface coupled to an emergent U(1) gauge field. We also discuss the crossover behavior when the dipolar symmetry is slightly broken and the cases with anisotropic dipolar conservation.


Typical SAXS profiles and lamellar spacing d as a function of shear rate for the system with B/H=0.30 at T=25◦C are shown in fig. 1. This systems shows the orientation transition at γ̇c/a=300s −1 (see Fig. 6 in the main text). Lamellar spacing d at B/H=0.30 slightly decreases with increase in the shear rate, while at B/H=0.32 it slightly reduces at low shear rate and stays almost constant at high shear rate. Reduction in the lamellar spacing d with the shear rate was also reported for the hyper swollen lamellar phase. Ratio of the reduction at B/H=0.30 is only a few % which is the same order as that observed in dilute lamellar system [1]. We did not see obvious reduction of d at the orientation transition point as expected from theoretical argument. Kato et al. found that the lamellar spacing drastically changes as the shear rate is approached to a specific value where the segregation of the lamellae occurs [2, 3]. Slight decrease in d with the shear rate may indicate that the suppression of the undulation fluctuation is gradually induced but not suddenly at the critical shear rate. However, almost constant value at high shear rate indicates that the suppression of the undulation fluctuation is not only the driving source for the orientation transition.


Motivation: A simple static image of genomes and associated metadata is very limiting, as researchers expect rich, interactive tools similar to the web applications found in the post-Web 2.0 world. GenomeD3Plot is a light weight visualization library written in javascript using the D3 library. GenomeD3Plot provides a rich API to allow the rapid visualization of complex genomic data using a convenient standards based JSON configuration file. When integrated into existing web services GenomeD3Plot allows researchers to interact with data, dynamically alter the view, or even resize or reposition the visualization in their browser window. In addition GenomeD3Plot has built in functionality to export any resulting genome visualization in PNG or SVG format for easy inclusion in manuscripts or presentations. Results: GenomeD3Plot is being utilized in the recently released Islandviewer 3 (www.pathogenomics.sfu.ca/islandviewer/) to visualize predicted genomic islands with other genome annotation data. However, its features enable it to be more widely applicable for dynamic visualization of genomic data in general. Availability and implementation: GenomeD3Plot is licensed under the GNU-GPL v3 at https://github.com/brinkmanlab/GenomeD3Plot/. Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com


textabstractPolitical economy analysis has been a favourite instrument among donors of development aid since roughly the turn of the century. Donors have emphasised the usefulness of such forms of analysis because they realised that their focus on the formal aspects of the social and political organisation of countries had caused them to overlook important elements of the "political economy" of these countries. As a result, political and governance reform programmes, which had become part and parcel of the agenda of development under the post-Washington consensus, turned out to be much less effective than anticipated.The call for donor agencies to "look behind the facade" of formal institutions in developing countries has thus come as part of the aid effectiveness agenda. It was argued that the effectiveness of development assistance policies would be enhanced if the realities of social and political power structures in developing countries were mapped and fed into the design of governance reforms targeting those countries. A more or less tacit assumption was that political economy analysis would enable donors to identify potential pockets of resistance to the reforms that they were advocating – hence improving the chances of getting reforms accepted.


The paper explains the commonalities and differences between neoclassical, institutional and evolutionary approaches that have been influential in economic geography during the last couple of decades. For all three approaches, we argue that they are in agreement in some respects and in conflict in other respects. While explaining to what extent and in what ways the Evolutionary Economic Geography approach differs from the New Economic Geography and the Institutional Economic Geography, we can specify the value-added of economic geography as an evolutionary science.


his study aims to: (1) to know and analyze the extent of volatility (vulnerability) of sharia banking industry in Indonesia in the face of competition (2) to know and analyze factors affecting vulnerability of sharia commercial banks; (3) to know and analyze the extent of sustainable development of sharia banking industry to Indonesia's economic development. The research conducted to measure the vulnerability (volatility) of proto folio of syariah bank using observation period 2015, and the data used is cross section data. The research design used in this research is quantitative research, using asset dimension (asset portfolio, liability portfolio, equity portfolio) and stressor (pressure, including: credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk). The activity plan of this research is: in the initial stage of conducting theoretical study related to the vulnerability related to banking especially BUS; The next step is to determine the asset and stressor dimensions associated with the BUS; Further determine the indicators related to assets and stressors; The next step performs calculations to determine the index of each BUS as well as the dimensions that affect the vulnerabilities faced by each BUS. Target expected outcomes can be generated from this research is: for the object of research (BUS) provide a solution for BUS to deal with and overcome the vulnerabilities encountered and policies that must be done. For policy makers, the results of this study are expected to provide input in decision-making and other policies. Measurement of vulnerability to be performed related to banking operations in the face of competition and the continuity of BUS in Indonesia. The outcomes of this study are expected to be included in Bank Indonesia journals, the selection of this journal is based on studies conducted in the banking sector, especially BUS in Indonesia.


Breeding sites of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) were investigated during a World Bank Assisted Project on Integrated Vector Management (IVM ) for malaria control at 5 v illages (Ipo, Ozuaha, Oman wa, Omademe, Ub ima) in the Ikwerre Local Govern ment Area (LGA ). The study was in the rainy season, June-September, 2009, in ru ral lowland rain- forest, Rivers State, Nigeria. Samp ling was undertaken daily in a randomly selected (100 m x 100 m) grid in each village. Nu mber of Cx. quinquefasciatus (Say) immatures was appro ximately 6-fold that of An. gambiae s.l. Nearly 80% of Cx. quinquefasciatus immatures were fro m container-type breeding sites (metal, p lastic containers, "calabashes", tyres) and least fro m phytotelmata. The differences were significant (FCal=35695636; FTab=39.86; d f 1, 1; p 0.01). In the phytotelmata breeding site-types, about 67% of Cx. quinquefasciatus immatures were fro m depressions on trees; the difference in total numbers among site-types was significant (FCal=2.47x10 8 ; FTab=39.86; df 1,1; p<0.01). The container-type breeding sites yielded approximately 90% of immatures at Omanwa, but decreased to 60% at Omademe. In contrast, nearly 70% of immatures were fro m pools at Ozuaha and 80% fro m phytotelmata at Ub ima. These variat ions were significant (FCal=4305.94; F Tab=39.86; df 1,1; p<0.01). The results indicate that Cx. quinquefasciatus had invaded rural areas and their breed ing sites ubiquitous and variable among villages, highlighting the needs for studies locally, prior to larviciding.


The ideal perovskite structure of CsSnIIBr3 at room temperature has been confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. It is proposed that the high-symmetry environment for the SnII in this compound arises because the distorting effect of the non-bonding electrons is reduced by their populating an empty low-energy band in the solid, thus giving rise to the black colour and metallic-conducting properties. The high-temperature phases of CsSn2IIBr5, Cs4SnIIBr6, and of compositions from the CsSnII2Br5–CsSnII2Cl5 system show similar properties. Colour can be introduced into the Cs2SnIVBr6 system by formation of mixed phases with CsSnIIBr3 which has a closely related structure. The colour and electrical properties of the mixed SnII–SnIV material can be explained by population of the low-energy delocalised solid-state bands by the SnII non-bonding electrons without recourse to intervalence-transfer-absorption ideas. Comparison of the complex bromides and chlorides of SnII and TeIV with the mixed-valence SbIII–SbV compounds suggests that direct population of bands rather than intervalence charge transfer may also be the dominant process in determining the properties of the antimony derivatives, l.r. data for the mixed-valence antimony compounds are consistent with the direct-population explanation.


Intestinal microbiota covers the set of commensal microorganisms that live together with the individual. The intrauterine programming and further colonization are determining factors in maturation of the immune system. With the purpose of


The case rests on findings in numerous studies: That not only the premature but the term, not only the poor but the prosperous, infant is at high risk of iron deficiency before the end of the first year of life; that iron supplements delivered by routes other than formula are ineffective; and that well before overt anemia is detected, iron lack may have significantly depressed tissue metabolism as well as blood oxygen transport.


Innovation Policy in ASEAN is an outcome of the new ERIA research project conducted during fiscal year 2017. As is well known, innovation is a primary source of sustainable economic development and inclusive growth, not only through improving productivity in firms, industries, and macroeconomies but also through stimulating consumption, investment, and exports. It is also widely recognised that innovation, in addition to capital investments and skilled human resources development, is indispensable for propelling modern economies.


The archaeological excavation process consists in decomposing the site in its many elementary study units called locus, or excavation units. The locus description provides pieces of knowledge regar...


Gynectrol is currently one of the most popular solutions to Gynecomastia (man-boobs) available in the market. I wasnt sure as to why people would ...


Using S7-300 PLC as center controller, PⅡ IPC as monitor and SIEMENS SIMOVERT MD inverter as DP slave station to create a PROFIBUS-DP fieldbus control network, according to specification of drive and control system of stroke oar test-bed.


are frequently associated with bacterial meningitis, aseptic meningitis, low tethered cord, spinal dermoids, teratomas, epidermoids, and intraspinal abscesses.2Intergluteal dorsal dermal sinuses are the most common type of dorsal dermal sinus and are frequently referred to as sacral sinuses, sacral dimples, or pilonidal sinuses.' Although the risk of tethered cord and intraspinal extension in patients with intergluteal dorsal dermal sinuses is considered small infants with intergluteal lesions are often referred for spinal sonography. We reviewed our experience with neonatal spinal ultrasound to assess its role in the


Abstract : In this paper, we deal with the monotonicity of curvature problem for Bezier-de Casteljau curves. We focus more particularly on the cubic case. A condition about decreasing curvature at the origin of a cubic curve is given so that it implies decreasing curvature at every point. The corresponding cubics are determined by their control polygon.


In this paper we present the results of a study on engineering students' characterizations and critiques of self-directed learningexperiences in their classrooms. Using a social-cognitive conceptual framework for examining self-directed learning processes, weanalyze qualitative survey responses from a gender-balanced group of engineering students at a small, private engineering college. Thedata indicate that students believe self-directed learning focuses primarily on cognitive tasks associated with planning and monitoringthe self-directed activity. Motivational considerations are frequently cited as significant positive aspects, while behavioral aspects suchas goal setting and resource acquisition are the most commonly noted negative aspects. The survey results suggest that reflection tendsto be undervalued both by students and by instructors, that motivation is key for creating positive self-directed learning experiences,and that there is a need for instructors to develop an improved ability to deal with the challenges that arise when students are asked toengage in self-directed learning processes.


International integration is an inevitable trend in every country, and English is considered the key for each individual to straightforwardly approach the knowledge treasure of humankind. This study was conducted to examine several factors that may have an influence on the English language learning outcomes of grade 12 students in Gia Lai province. With the convenient sampling method, 406 12th graders who had not graduated from high school in the province participated in the survey by voluntarily answering the questionnaire. The data were then analyzed by t-test with two independent samples and by correlation and regression analysis. Research shows that students' English learning results are influenced by factors such as self-efficacy, attitude towards English learning and anxiety about the subject. In addition, the results also show that extra classes have a positive effect on the academic performance of 12th graders in Gia Lai province.


NURSES ARE healers and heal every day. Attentive listening, a friendly smile, a concerned touch and an encouraging word are all healing. Medication, surgery and other- therapeutic interventions can be healing if practised with the right intention. That means that whatever we do is done with care and kindness.


In connection with the shortcomings of the existing teaching contents,teaching methodology of food chemistry experiment,seeking an efficient way to improve the situation was discussed.The result demonstrated that innovation of experiment teaching could strengthen the understanding of fundamental concept and the scientific research ability.


The etiology of congenital lacrimal fistula is still unknown, it may be the result of combined effect of abnormality of embryodevelopment and genetic mutation.One in every 2 000 babies born with congenital lacrimal fistula. Most congenital lacrimal fistula cases without infection might be asymptomatic.The epiphora, exudating the purulent from fistula, medial canthus red swelling pain are found in patients with infection. In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of congenital lacrimal fistula are attracting the ophthalmologists'attention, a lot of research progresses have been made. The progress of research in epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, examination, diagnostic, surgical therapy of congenital lacrimal fistula are reviewed in this paper.

Key words:
Lacrimal fistula, congenital; Diagnostics; Therapeutics, surgery; Literature review


In centrifugal pumps, the annular clearance spaces of the leakage path, i.e. impeller seals and balance piston seals, act as powerful hydrostatic bearings with turbulent flow. In the present discussion, the dynamic forces due to these bearings acting on the rotor are analysed, including the effect of squeeze action, i.e. the effect of velocities of separation or approach of the bearing and journal surfaces.Synchronous forced whirling is analysed in a simple idealization comprising a single mass rotor, including the estimation of amplitudes as well as critical speeds. Large damping forces due to squeeze action are found, in qualitative agreement with experimental work by Marcinkowskij and Karincev (3)†. A simplified treatment of the effects of fluid rotation is included in the analysis of rotor vibrations, leading to an analysis of high speed whip instability onset.


The accuracy and reliability of traffic load estimates are key to determining a pavement's life expectancy. To better understand the variability of traffic loading rates and its effect on the accuracy of the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program's loading estimates, LTPP recently completed an analysis studying the effect of varying truck load rates and data-collection plans on Equivalent Single-Axle Load (ESAL) estimates at sample sites in the LTPP data base. Results of the analysis are documented in a report entitled, Results of the Empirical Analysis of Alternative Data Collection Sampling Plans for Estimating Annual Vehicle Loads at LTPP Test Sites. The purpose of this TechBrief is to present key findings and products that resulted from the report.


TOXOPLASMIC hepatitis has been described as a clinical entity,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 usually as the primary manifestation of acute, acquired toxoplasmosis without adenopathy. Hepatitis can occur also as a late complication of the disease, when lymphadenopathy initially predominates.2 We describe a unique case of acquired toxoplasmosis characterized by lymphadenopathy and granulomatous hepatitis. Several reports have discussed toxoplasmic granulomatous hepatitis,5 , 6 but the disease has never been documented convincingly. We provide clear evidence that granulomatous hepatitis is a complication of acquired toxoplasmosis and that the severity of the hepatitis may be significantly greater than previously described.4 , 7 , 8 Case Report A 28-year-old native of El Salvador immigrated . . .


Post‐ovulatory aging causes a high frequency of aneuploidy during meiosis II in mouse oocytes, irrespective of maternal age. In this study, we evaluated the effects of post‐ovulatory oocyte aging on the protection of chromosomal cohesion involved in aneuploidy and verified the relationship between PP2A or SGO2 expression and the phosphorylation level of REC8 in oocytes.


By allowing the light cones to tip over on hypersurfaces according to the conservation laws of an one-kink in static, Schwarzschild black-hole metric, we show that in the quantum regime there also exist instantons whose finite imaginary action gives the probability of occurrence of the kink metric corresponding to single chargeless, nonrotating black holes taking place in pairs, the holes of each pair being joined on an interior surface, beyond the horizon.


Macanese, the near-extinct Portuguese creole of Macao, is an Asian Portuguese Creole language closely related to Malaccan Papia Kristang. In this paper, I argue that a distinctive feature of Macanese vis-à-vis other Asian Portuguese Creoles is its system of negation; specifically, its usage of the negators nunca and nádi. Negators deriving from Portuguese nunca 'never' and não há-de 'shall not' are attested in several Asian Portuguese Creoles: while their usage varies considerably, the former usually acts as the negator for realis predicates, whereas the latter typically negates irrealis predicates. In this paper I argue that, differently from other Asian Portuguese Creoles, Macanese nunca is also the only available negator for adjectival and nominal predicates, independently from tam features. Through a comparison with other Asian Portuguese creoles, and with the adstrates and substrates of Macanese, I also discuss the possible origin of these features.


Abstract Erlianite was found in the Harhada iron deposit along the Jining-Erlian railway, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. The occurrence formed at a high pressure and low temperature and the mineral occurs sparingly, mainly on fracture surfaces on which there is evidence of movement. It is associated with quartz, magnetite, siderite, albite, stilpnomelane, minnesotaite, deerite, etc. Erlianite is black with a brownish streak, silky lustre and occur as fibres, flakes, and lath-like aggregates. The grain size is 1–2 cm. It is not fluorescent. H = 3.7, D = 3.11. Cleavages on {001} and {100} are perfect; orthorhombic Pmmn or Pm21 n with a = 23.20, b = 9.20, c = 13.18, Å and Z = 1. Strongest lines are 11.5(100)(200, 101), 3.05(50)(223,130), 2.89(60)(603,800,231,621), 2.61(60) (523,105,332,224), 2.52(50)(901,115,033,531), and 1.560(50) (12.0.5,14.2.0). Biaxial negative with α = 1.667, β = 1.674, γ = 1.679, 2V = 56–59°. Analysis gave SiO2 38.80, FeO 26.67, Fe2O3 21.26, V2O5 1.15, MgO 1.00, CaO 0.83, MnO 0.55, P2O5 0.051, K2O 0.079, Na2O 0.09, Al2O3 0.19, TiO2 0.38, H2O+ 7.65, H2O- 0.90, total 99.60%, leading to (Fe19.96 2+Fe2.19 3+Mg1.33Mn0.42)Σ23.90(Fe11.32 3+V0.68)Σ12(Si34.73Ti0.26Al0.20Fe0.81 3+)Σ36O90(OH,O)48 (one unit cell content for O = 138). The sample of the new mineral was discovered in 1977 during an investigation of an iron deposit which has been named 'M14'. The methods used for studying this mineral included optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, selected area electron diffraction analysis, wet chemical analysis, DTA, TGA, infra-red absorption and Mosbauer spectroscopy.


The observations from the Parker Solar Probe during the first
perihelion revealed large numbers of local reversals in the radial
component of the magnetic field with associated velocity spikes. Since
the spacecraft was magnetically connected to a coronal hole during the
closest approach to the sun, one possible source of these spikes is
magnetic reconnection between the open field lines in the coronal hole
and an adjacent region of closed flux. Reconnection in a low beta
environment characteristic of the corona is expected to be bursty
rather than steady and is therefore capable of producing large numbers
of magnetic flux ropes with local reversals of the radial magnetic
field that can propagate outward large radial distances from the
sun. Flux ropes with a strong guide field produce signatures
consistent with the PSP observations. We have carried out simulations
of "interchange" reconnection in the corona and have explored the
local structure of flux ropes embedded within the expanding solar
wind. We have first established that traditional interchange
reconnection cannot produce the switchbacks since bent field lines
generated in the corona quickly straighten. The simulations have been
extended to the regime dominated by the production of multiple flux
ropes and we have established that flux ropes are injected into the
local solar wind. Local simulations of reconnection are also being
carried out to explore the structure of flux ropes embedded in the
solar wind for comparison with observations. Evidence is presented
that flux rope merging may be ongoing and might lead to the high
aspect ratio of the switchback structures measured in the solar wind.


The algorithm is proposed for solving approximately the optimal filtering problem for nonlinear continuous-time stochastic observation systems that provides two estimates for the state. These estimates are the minimum mean squared error estimate and the maximum a posteriori estimate. The proposed algorithm is based on the continuous-time particle filter, which corresponds to the Duncan–Mortensen–Zakai equation. To find the mode of the conditional distribution approximately, the Edgeworth series is used for the conditional probability density function expansion. This approach allows one to significantly reduce the computation time in contrast to finding the mode by estimating the conditional probability density function, for example, by the histogram or the kernel density estimation.The algorithm is proposed for solving approximately the optimal filtering problem for nonlinear continuous-time stochastic observation systems that provides two estimates for the state. These estimates are the minimum mean squared error estimate and the maximum a posteriori estimate. The proposed algorithm is based on the continuous-time particle filter, which corresponds to the Duncan–Mortensen–Zakai equation. To find the mode of the conditional distribution approximately, the Edgeworth series is used for the conditional probability density function expansion. This approach allows one to significantly reduce the computation time in contrast to finding the mode by estimating the conditional probability density function, for example, by the histogram or the kernel density estimation.


Multichannel seismic reflection, magnetism and drilling data show that there are Mesozoic strata in the East China Sea (ECS) shelf basin. Comprehensive analyses of regional strata, palaeontology and palaeoenvironment indicate that Mesozoic marine facies strata may have developed in the southern part of the ECS shelf basin. A marine depositional environment might exist in the southeastern coastal area of China during Mesozoic, including the sea area to the southwest of Taiwan, eastern Guangdong Province, and western Fujian Province. This coastal area might be a gulf extending into land from the western Pacific Ocean or from Tethys passing across eastern or central parts of the South China Sea. It could extend northward as far as the southern part of the ECS shelf basin.


Oligosaccharide is the activated substance in the life movement.With the progress of the research,the important effects of oligosaccharide in a living thing have being gradually realized.In this article,we summarized the latest development of oligosaccharide in biological activities,application,syntheses and detection in recent years.


Fractures of the distal radius associated with the dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint are called Galeazzi fractures. In children, the disruption of the distal ulnar physis rarely occurs in place of the dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. These cases are called Galeazzi equivalents.We report a case of a very rare irreducible Galeazzi equivalent. A 14-year-old boy fell down and injured his right wrist. X-ray showed that the fracture pattern of the distal radius was greenstick with volar angulation (apex dorsal). The distal ulnar physis was disrupted (Salter-Harris type II) and the proximal metaphyseal fragment displaced dorsally, but the distal radioulnar joint was intact. Closed reduction of the distal ulna failed and open reduction was carried out through a dorso-ulnar approach.It was revealed that the interposition of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) and tendon of the extensor digitiquinti (EDQ) between the fragments hindered the reduction. After removing the interposed soft tissues, the fracture was reduced easily and could be fixed stably with a single Kirschner wire. Neither growth arrest nor loss of range of motion occured at 5 months after operation.


A new type of microcrystalline polymer prepared by aggregation has been discussed. The effect of the parameters of the preparation process on the properties of microcrystalline chitosan in hydrogel and solid forms has been studied using also microscopy and spectroscopy. The product obtained according to the method discussed shows the average molecular weight within a range 2.2–5.0 X 105, WRVs ≈ 260–520%, WRVg ≈ 700–1000%, and CrI up to 95%.


This paper presents Ant lion optimization (ALO) technique to solve optimal load dispatch problem. Ant lion optimization (ALO) is a novel nature inspired algorithm. The ALO algorithm mimics the hunting mechanism of ant lions in nature. Five main steps of hunting prey such as the random walk of ants, building traps, entrapment of ants in traps, catching preys, and re-building traps are implemented. Optimal load dispatch (OLD) is a method of determining the most efficient, low-cost and reliable operation of a power system by dispatching available electricity generation resources to supply load on the system. The primary objective of OLD is to minimize total cost of generation while honoring operational constraints of available generation resources. The proposed technique is implemented on 3, 6 & 20 unit test system for solving the OLD. Numerical results shows that the proposed method has good convergence property and better in quality of solution than other algorithms reported in recent literature. Keywords—ALO; Optimal load dispatch; transmission loss Nomenclature: ai, bi, ci : fuel cost coefficient of i th generator, Rs/MW 2 h, Rs/MW h, Rs/h F(Pg ) : total fuel cost, Rs/h n : number of generators Pgi min : Minimum generation limit of i th generator, MW Pgi max : Maximum generation limit of i th generator, MW Pl : Transmission losses, MW Pd : Power demand, MW


Objective: The objective of the study was to determine changes in physical and social indicators in participants of a table tennis training program lasting 10 months. Physical and social indicators were compared within two different research groups. Methods: Two research groups were created. The first one comprised beginners with intellectual disabilities and the reference group was created by non-disabled participants. Altogether 15 participants, aged 9-11, were included in each group. A pre-test was introduced at the beginning of the study and was followed by a post-test 10 months later. Physical parameters were evaluated with the help of individual skills tests designed for table tennis. The area of social indicators was determined according to the Scales for Assessing Coping Skills by Whelan and Speake (1979). Results: As far as physical indicators (e.g. individual skills used in table tennis) are concerned, individuals with intellectual disabilities improved by 24.5%. The improvement of non-disabled population reached 11%. Positive changes in social indicators, which include self-help socio-educational issues and interpersonal skills, were seen in individuals with intellectual disabilities - the improvement reached 7%; whereas the improvement in non-disabled participants was only 2%. The obtained results were evaluated separately for each group, due to the default level in pre-tests. Having compared the two groups we learnt that individuals with intellectual disabilities reached on average 63% of the non-disabled participants. Conclusions: The training programme has brought positive changes into the lives of individuals with intellectual disabilities in all of the studied parameters, social and physical skills included. In accord with our comparative findings it has been recommended to reduce sport demands to the observed level. Also, a number, of methodological skills required for table tennis, has been modified in accordance with our findings. Based on the results a set of games and exercises customized to the needs of the intellectually disabled individuals has been created. Within the study, we also transformed The Scales for Assessing Coping Skills by Whelan and Speake (1979) from English into Czech language. The transformed scale was used in both groups. The results of this study demonstrated positive development of social indicators within all of the selected areas in the group of children with intellectual disabilities. The whole study has confirmed the importance of physical activity for children in younger school age.


Introduction – Key Themes A purpose of this study of water in selected Pacific countries is to identify forms of 0 decision-making and management that are beneficial to communities and to waterways and their ecosystems. An approach considered is an ethics of responsibility in the management of water. Responsibility is to meet the challenges of climate change impacts on water and to focus on collective guardianship of water, water ecosystems and resources associated with water.


The purpose of this article is twofold: to analyze the situation, recent evolution and perspectives of industrial sector in La Rioja and assess the specific performances in investigation, development and technological innovation. The study focuses on the particularities of the Riojana industry and their contribution to the region economic development, and emphasizes those characteristics that can explain the less technological intensity in the region. The innovation activity is analyzed by considering the innovative efforts made by the firms and by the institutional framework in that they operate


Background:Peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) is used to support circulatory failure refractory to conventional therapy. However, data on the heart-ECMO interaction at different levels of ECMO blood flow during the immediate period after ECMO initiation are sparse. We evaluated the effects of varying ECMO blood flow rate on left ventricular systolic function.Methods:Adult patients who were supported by peripheral V-A ECMO in a tertiary referral center were recruited. Serial hemodynamic and cardiac performance parameters were measured by transthoracic echocardiogram within the first 48 hours after implementation of V-A ECMO. Measurements at 100%, 120%, and 50% of target blood flow (TBF) were compared.Results:A total of 45 patients were included, 32 (71.1%) were male, and the median age was 57 (50-64) years. The main indications for V-A ECMO were myocardial infarction 25 (55.6%) and myocarditis 6 (13.3%). With a decrease in extracorporeal blood flow from 100% to 50% of TBF, mean arterial pressure dropped from 75±18 to 67±20 mmHg (p<0.001), but stroke volume increased from 15 (8-25) to 21 (13-34) mL (p<0.001), and cardiac index increased from 0.8 (0.5-1.3) to 1.2 (0.7-1.7) L/min/m2 (p<0.001). All indices of left ventricular contractility improved at 50% compared with 100% TBF: the global longitudinal strain improved from -2.8 (-5.4-0) to -4.7 (-8.2- -1.1)% (p<0.001); left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 16.8 (10.0-28.5) to 28.2 (18.0-35.5)% (p<0.001); and left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral increased from 4.7 (2.7-7.8) to 7.7 (3.9-11.3) cm (p<0.001). The addition of echocardiographic parameters improved the discrimination of the SAVE score in predicting hospital mortality (AUROC 0.71 vs 0.58).Conclusions:In the initial period of V-A ECMO support, left ventricular systolic function quantified bedside echocardiography was inversely related to ECMO blood flow rate. The heart-ECMO interaction should be considered when determining goals of ECMO flow after initiation.


ABSTRACT
This study provides evidence related to the improvement of the management of the maintenance area as well as the operational efficiency of mining sites, by analyzing a model applied to a real case. The results highlight the benefit of incorporating EBO in the stock projection of critical components of EX5500 hydraulic excavators. In addition, by considering the typical concerns related to the topic, the model was evaluated based on the company's annual budget restriction. Savings of 557,128 EUR compared to the stock investment of the current company policy (estimated at 5,273,511 EUR) at a service level of 98% and warehouse availability of 95% were found. Furthermore, by using a solver, the projection was optimized and adjusted to the annual budget, increasing the savings to 928,753 EUR, at a service level of 96.4% and warehouse availability of 93.7%. Although the EBO approach has been previously studied within the equipment availability context, the equipment operating conditions were not the same as they vary depending on the area in which they operate. Therefore, it is necessary to provide clear evidence of its effectiveness of application before adopting actions which rely on promising results developed in other contexts. This is even more crucial when dealing with excavators, which are critical, large-scale, capital intensive pieces of equipment.

Keywords: EBO; availability, optimization, stock, critical components, mining.


In this paper, in order to grind Optical aspheric surfaces with high quality and high precision, install error and radius error of the wheel that influence the roughness and profile accuracy of machined surfaces are analyzed. Afterwards author develops the ultra-precision aspheric grinding system. Finally, we performe grinding aspheric surface experiments on this grinding system. The results show that to obtain high accuracy and high quality aspheric surface, the mean size of grains of diamond wheels should be smaller than 10 μm, and also the high speed of the wheel and small feed rate are needed. After optimizing these grinding parameters, the final machined aspheric profile accuracy can reach 0.4 μm and surface roughness can be less than 0.01 μm.


When the American president cannot get his way with Congress on something of great importance to him, he often appeals directly to the American people. This kind of appeal has been criticized as an unconstitutional means of subverting the power balance intended by the Constitution. In this volume, Melvin C. Laracey challenges the notion that direct appeals are either recent or unconstitutional. Presidents and the People offers the first comprehensive study of presidential communication with the public on policy matters and of attitudes toward going public. Laracey demonstrates that the practice did not begin with Roosevelt's Fireside Chats, Kennedy's televised press conferences, or Bill Clinton's town meetings. Rather, historically, it has included earlier media such as presidentially sponsored newspapers. Tracing the sometimes thinly veiled exercise of public appeals through such newspapers, Laracey concludes that ""going public is not a modern manifestation, but rather the modern triumph of one view of the proper place of the presidency in the constitutional order.


Herein, we report the encapsulation and release of antimalarial drug quinine (QN) using three nanocarriers, including MCM-41 (1), and its 3-aminopropyl silane (aMCM-41 (2)) and 3-phenylpropyl silane (pMCM-41 (3)) surface functionalized derivatives. The pH and thermal optimization effects on QN adsorption and release from 1, 2 and 3 were investigated.


The thermal contact conductance is one of the important components in heat transfer mechanism. The accurate estimation of thermal contact conductance is necessary for the development of a conduction-cooled superconducting magnet system because the metallic materials are thermally connected to the refrigerator or heat sink to cool the superconducting magnet without cryogen. The contact resistance occurs at the interface between metals and the amount of conductance can be affected by various factors, such as surface roughness, contact area, and contact pressure. In the superconducting magnet system, there are several metal components in contact with each other for cooling magnet as well as supplying current to the magnet. Therefore, a temperature gradient exists between superconducting magnet and cryocooler. In this study, we have developed the thermal contact conductance measurement system and used the steady state method to measure the thermal conductance between metals. The effects of temperature, contact pressure and interfacial materials on the thermal contact conductance are also discussed.The thermal contact conductance is one of the important components in heat transfer mechanism. The accurate estimation of thermal contact conductance is necessary for the development of a conduction-cooled superconducting magnet system because the metallic materials are thermally connected to the refrigerator or heat sink to cool the superconducting magnet without cryogen. The contact resistance occurs at the interface between metals and the amount of conductance can be affected by various factors, such as surface roughness, contact area, and contact pressure. In the superconducting magnet system, there are several metal components in contact with each other for cooling magnet as well as supplying current to the magnet. Therefore, a temperature gradient exists between superconducting magnet and cryocooler. In this study, we have developed the thermal contact conductance measurement system and used the steady state method to measure the thermal conductance between metals. The effects of temperature, contac...


Tumor recurrence is frequent in oral squamous cell carcinomas and leads to poor survival. This study is the first demonstration of the pivotal role of adjacent histologically normal epithelium in lateral invasion, with vital implications for understanding tumor recurrence and field cancerization.


The treatment of simulated wastewater containing Cationic Red X-GRL (X-GRL) or Disperse Red 3B (DR-3B) dye was carried out by indirect anodic oxidation, using Ti/SnO 2 electrodes as the anode. The influences of pH value, voltage, electrolysis time and sodium chloride dosage on the degradation performance were studied by single factor experiment. Furthermore the nitrogen states and UV-Vis spectra in dyes degradation were analyzed. The results showed that under the optimum condition (pH = 3, voltage = 20 V, NaCl = 2.5 g/L), the decolorization and chemical oxygen demand removal of X-GRL were 98% and 67%, respectively; and those of DR-3B were 51% and 61%, respectively. The azo double bond conjugated system in X-GRL is much more easily destroyed than the anthraquinone conjugated system in DR-3B; the aryl ring structures of them can be partially degraded.


Compression wood (CW) is a reaction wood formed in gymnosperms in response to various growth stresses. Many of the anatomical, chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of CW differ distinctly from those of normal wood. Because of different properties, the CW is much less desirable than normal wood. This study was con- ducted to investigate the suitability of CW flour obtained from black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) in the manufacture of wood plastic composite (WPC). Polypropylene (PP) and CW flour were compounded into pellets by twin-screw extrusion, and the test specimens were prepared by injec- tion molding. WPCs were manufactured using various weight percentages of CW flour/PP and maleic anhydride- grafted PP (MAPP). Water absorption (WA), modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) values were measured. The results showed that increasing of the CW percentage in the WPC increased WA, MOR, and MOE values. Using MAPP in the mixture improved water resist- ance and flexural properties. CW flour of black pine can be used for the manufacturing of WPC as a reinforcing filler. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 1740-1745, 2012


The lack of human resources is the bottlenecks in the development of property management.The specialty orientation of estate management majors in higher vocational colleges has a decisive effect on quality of talent training and employment competitive ability of graduates.This paper,with the experience of author,introduces some measures for estate management major construction,which is built under the guidance of Green Education, And on this to promote green cause development and to constructe students' green life.


1. SosenkoJM, Kato M, Soto R, Goldberg RB: Sensory function at diagnosis and in early stages of NIDDM in patients detected through screening. Diabetes Care 15:84752, 1992 2. Ziegler D, Dannehl K, Miihlen H, Spiiler M, Gries FA: Prevalance of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction assessed by spectral analysis and standard tests of heartrate variation in newly diagnosed IDDM patients. Diabetes Care 15:908-11, 1992 3. Said G, Goean CG, Slama G, Tchobroutsky G: Severe early-onset polyneuropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 326:1257-63, 1992 4. Kempler P, Varadi A, Szalay F: Autonomic neuropathy in liver disease. Lancet 11: 1332,1989 5. Ewing DJ, Clarke BF: Diagnosis and management of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. BrMedJ 285:916-18, 1982 6. Kempler P, Varadi A, Tamas Gy: Which battery of cardiovascular autonomic function test—suggestion for a rational diagnostic model. Diabetologia 33:640, 1990 Marked Decrease in Serum HDL Cholesterol Levels by Combined Probucol-Pravastatin Treatment in Hypercholesterolemic NIDDM Patients