IntroductionSubstances that can be abused such as alcohol and opioids have been available for thousands of years (1,2) and ancient documents already warned about the dangers of intoxication (3). While the link between the ingestion of certain substances and the resulting socially unacceptable behaviors was established early on in civilization, effective treatments have only recently become widely available.In this editorial we examine treatment strategies for specific substance induced disorders (SID) and substance use disorders (SUD), review the role of pharmacological agents for each disorder, and outline general principles that should be followed to determine if pharmacotherapy is appropriate for adolescents and young adults with these conditions.Evaluation for pharmacotherapyThe American Psychiatric Association (APA) and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) have published comprehensive evaluation and treatment guidelines for substance related disorders (4,5). Experts from both professional associations agree that, for most patients, there is strong evidence regarding the benefits of psychosocial treatments. While psychosocial treatments are effective, current pharmacotherapy options are also recommended for a more selected population of patients and during certain clinical stages of specific disorders. For adolescents, there is less available evidence of effectiveness because of concerns regarding the risk/benefit ratio of medications in youth, lack of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, and little published data regarding younger subjects (6).The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV-Text Revision (7) classifies substance-related diagnoses into two groups: 1) SID including intoxication and withdrawal which consist of physical and psychological symptoms that result from acute exposure to -or interruption of- a particular substance; and 2) SUD which encompass abuse and dependence as well as include chronic behavioral patterns causing significant detrimental functional impact. The recently released DSM 5 (8) keeps the classification of SID and SUD but eliminates the "abuse and dependence" nomenclature in SUD and replaces this with a severity continuum of mild, moderate, and severe.Although the DSM-5 updated diagnostic criteria to some degree, the goals of SID/SUD treatment remain the same and include the achievement of abstinence or reduction in the use and effects of substances, reduction in the frequency and severity of relapse to substance use, and improvement in psychological and social functioning (4). The APA presents six categories of pharmacological treatments namely: 1) medications to treat intoxication and withdrawal states, 2) medications to decrease the reinforcing effects of abused substances, 3) agonist maintenance therapies, 4) antagonist therapies, 5) abstinence-promoting and relapse prevention therapies, and 6) medications to treat comorbid psychiatric conditions (4). The box lists available treatment agents according to specific SID/SUDs.The decision to recommend pharmacotherapy is considered in the context of a treatment plan approach that takes into account multiple factors such as the clinical stage of the disorder (withdrawal vs. maintenance), failure or success of previous treatments, level of care required (outpatient vs. inpatient), overall medical health, presence of comorbid psychiatric features, and patient motivation, to name a few.The process leading to determining if medications are appropriate starts with obtaining a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation which should include 1) History of a) current and previous substance use and any medical or legal sequelae, b) general medical and psychiatric problems, c) psychiatric treatments and outcomes, and d) family as well as social focusing on substance abuse; 2) Mental status; and 3) Laboratory work such as blood and urine for toxicology as well as other assessments to rule out co-occurring pathology such as tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. …


As a result of the growing number of interconnected devices and users, there is a need for a new data center architecture such as the Leaf-Spine topology, one that aims at improving the traffic per ...


In this paper we argue that the cliched phrases, 'dealing with difference' and 'dealing with diversity', despite their commitment to accepting and appreciating difference and diversity, may be used in counterproductive ways to camouflage resistance to change and transformation. In a small sample of interviews conducted at a South African university, the appropriation of these phrases for the purpose of practicing sameness was apparent. While pointing to the possibilities of asserting diversity and difference and simultaneously practicing sameness, the paper also proposes the possibilities for the acknowledgement and embracing of the ambivalence toward diversity and difference as valuable opportunities for transformation.


Heat Exchangers play a critical role in industrial applications of thermal systems. Its physical size and performance are vital parameters; therefore enhancement of heat transfer through different techniques remained a major research area for both academia and industry. Among other such techniques, textured surface heat exchangers are very promising technique. This paper reports the performance of different textured surfaces in plat type heat exchangers. Five different textured surfaces were selected and to ensure true comparison net surface area of textured surface is kept same in all cases. We used aluminum plates of same grade for all experiments to ensure similarity in experiments. Size of all plates was 254mmX100mm and thickness was taken as 5mm. The engraved textured area for each plate was 0.207322 x 10-2 m2. The flowing liquid was water and it was heated using metal filaments providing a heat flux of 34.62KW/m2.The temperature difference was kept constant for each experiment and time taken for water to attain the same temperature difference was investigated. Among other surfaces, a new textured surface of alveoli shape was used. This shape resembles to the human lungs structure, which is considered to be a most efficient heat exchanger. Our results showed that alveoli plate attained the least time to achieve desired ∆T, hence highest heat transfer whereas square plate took the most time among textured plates. Due to a lesser surface area plane plate had the least heat transfer. The time taken by the alveoli plate was 19% less than the plane plate to heat the water to the same temperature difference


here given is : (I) We would expect God to prepare men's minds by raising them to a level at which the teaching of the Messiah would be intelligible. (2) We would expect God to give mankind some ideas by which they could, if they were true to the best insight that they had received, recognize the Messiah when they saw Him. (3) We would expect God to choose an opportune time for the Messiah's birth and for the fruitful planting of His teaching. (4) And a fourth anticipation is added, with regard to the Messiah Himself. We would expect that the character of the Messiah, when He came, would be such as to commend itself to men, as fitting one who was indeed bearing a message of august and sublime significance.


Synopsis Spatial user interface metaphors are assumed to improve navigation in large information spaces. In this article we will review some of the spatial user interface metaphors that have been introduced. Especially one of those the city metaphor depends heavily on real world navigation skills. To find out how users actually perceive and navigate large information spaces using a city metaphor the very popular networked game Multi User Dungeon (MUD) has been selected for further study. MUD environments normally support adventure gaming


In order to obtain radicals of a Г-ring determined by strong nilpotency, nilpotency, and strongly nil property, we introduce a general method. Let P be an arbitrary property of Γ-rings. For any Γ-ring we construct a quasi-P radical determined by P. If P is homomorphically closed, then this quasi-P radical can be constructed by transfinite induction. We next study the relations of radicals among the quasi-strongly nil radical and other radicals of Г-rings. In view of these relations, we see that the quasi-strongly nil radical is a new radical in the radical theory of Г-rings.


Considering nanotechnology as an important branch of a new scientific paradigm, according to Kuhn's terminology, we discuss the ethical relevance of the emergence of a scientific knowledge that brings, in its very structure, a rupture with the current scientific model. Associated to the fact that ethical reflection and technological advances are rarely simultaneous, the foundations of nanotechnology, which conflict with basic scientific principles of prediction and reproduction of results, qualify it as innovative even in light of recent technical and scientific revolutions. The possibility of ethical analysis on the innovations introduced depend on the ability to incorporate new considerations into traditional frames of reference, such as the ability to deliberate now even if part of the results are unpredictable, as well the ability to take social plurality into account. In this context, it is useful to identify the autogenous implications of nanotechnology, which are directly related to its use, particularly considerations of toxicity and environmental impact. The issues that may demand greater attention, however, may be the heterogenous ones, which result from the incorporation of this technology to the social structure, as frequently depicted in science fiction.


In many research fields, where valuable information about a random phenomenon may come from different, possibly heterogeneous sources of knowledge ("experts"), the combining of the available information is a powerful uncertaintyreducing process. As efficiency reasons often suggest to perform a sequential procedure, in this paper some informativeness-founded selecting and stopping rules are proposed; their performance is discussed in a case-study.


An brief overview of the selected thermo-physical measurements realized in the VILA laboratories for the glass industry and for the fundamental research of glass is presented. Among the routine measurements realized for the glass industry the thermodilatometry for measuring the glass transition temperature, and linear thermal expansion coefficients of glass and metastable glassforming melt are described in detail. The fact that the glass transition temperature is not a single valued physical quantity is stressed in connection with the measurement time temperature schedule. The probably most important quantity related to the glass production technology is the viscosity. Its measurement in the range extending ten orders of magnitude is described. The combination of the falling ball method, the rotation viscosimetry and the thermomechanical analysis is needed to cover the above viscosity range. Among the methods used in the fundamental research of glass structure and properties the study of structural relaxation is overviewed. Here the own method of combined viscous flow and structure relaxation TMA measurement is described in detail.


This paper considers some of the changes in thinking and the resulting paradigm shifts which have influenced the nature of business since the International Journal of Production Research was first published in 1961, and which have significantly transformed the productivity of industry and the quality of its goods and services. Rather than speculating on the likely paradigm shifts over the next 50 years, the paper considers some of the current social and economic pressures which are likely to contribute to future changes.


ABSTRACT Analysing fiscal policy from the perspective of feminist economics means examining gender equality policies, both in terms of tax revenue and other sources of fund (indebtedness), as well as redistribution and public spending. Finding out the number of resources assigned to these policies, their macroeconomic impact, and their temporality (longevity) is extremely essential. In this paper, we will analyse public expenditure in the budgets of Latin American countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The budget proposals tabled for the region focus on employment generation through the creation of care centres, with policies that focus on both redistribution of income and redistribution of care work.


J h n r e c h y ' s n o t o r i e t y a s a w r i t e r h a s seemingly been based on his documentation of gay male subcultures in the 1960s and '70s. The jacket cover to the first edition of City of Night, for example, declares the novel a "bold . . . account of the urban underworld of male prostitution" and "an unforgettable look at life on the edge." It would seem that Rechy's essential contribution to American letters was quite simply to bring his own "true-life" experiences with gay sex to respectable middle class readers, presumably unfamiliar with such "underworlds" in 1963, yet inexplicably curious about them. Since this is what Rechy is typically praised for (if usually in less stark terms), one wonders whether, without this ethnographic and even autobiographic aspect, Rechy's novels would have been the success that they were? Rechy, for one, seems to authorize and validate this truth-value in his novels. He explicitly describes his most philosophical text, The Sexual Outlaw, as a "prose-documentary," recording for the reader "sexhunts throughout Los Angeles for three days and nights" (15). It is wellknown, as it was at the time he was writing, that Rechy participated first-hand in the worlds he describes: California body-building culture, hustling and cruising on the streets of Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, etc. And Rechy's most notorious display of his own life in


A feasibility study for producing recycled steel powder from steel scrap by ball milling was carried out. Steel scrap from machining was used as a raw material and was milled using ball milling for 40 hours. It was found that during ball milling, steel scrap were laminated to each other, elongated by micro-forging of the falling balls, fragmented into small pieces of foil and finally formed into spherical powder. A mixed ball is more beneficial to the milling of steel scrap into the spherical powder due to the large impact energy during the falling of the ball. Intermediate stops during milling produced a finer spherical steel powder than non-stop milling for up to 40 hours due to cooling of the vial. A larger amount of lubricating agent reduces friction between the foil or the balls and vial wall, thus give less mi


The Church of England and the Holocaust: Christianity, Memory and Nazism. By Tom Lawson. Studies in Modern British Religious History. (Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press, 2006, Pp. ix, 207. $80.00.) This book by Tom Lawson, a historian at the University of Winchester (U.K.), is a revisionist account of the attitudes of the leaders of the Church of England toward Nazi Germany and the Holocaust. The author's principal contention is that Anglicans' failure to recognize the Jews as the primary victims of the Nazi state and Anglican leaders' stress instead on the sufferings of Christians at the hands of the Nazis grew out of Anglicans' perception of the conflict as one between totalitarianism and Christian civilization, or between a barbarian state and western culture. Anglicans saw Nazism as the opposite of Christianity, rather than as "its bastard child" (106). In Lawson's view, leading churchmen such as George Bell, the Anglican bishop of Chichester, are due for some critical reassessment. Lawson finds that Bell's hopeful expectation of a bright ecumenical future made him too quick to separate Nazism and Germany and too eager to overlook alleged crimes by the Wehrmacht. Thus, even today, Lawson observes, in the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum and at the British Holocaust Exhibition (in the Imperial War Museum, London), the Shoah is depicted as "the consequence of the inversion of the values of the (implicitly Christian) West" (179). And although recent statements by Tony Blair and the European Union-"modern hymns to liberalism"-may more accurately represent the Holocaust as having been directed against Jews, these statements "are not that far removed from the Church of England's labeling of the same events as the inversion of Christian culture." Lawson believes that such interpretations keep our view of the Holocaust (too) comfortably restricted, making the Holocaust "more palatable than it might be if it were considered the consequence of tendencies within European, Christian politics and culture-where its European Christian perpetrators . . . acted under the influence of a heady mix of European racism and nationalism" (179). Although Lawson has done a great deal of digging in archives to uncover Anglican leaders' responses to Germany and the Second World War, there are gaps in his story. Because his history has much to do with the postwar period, I was surprised to find few references to Geoffrey Fisher, the archbishop of Canterbury and thus the chief representative of the Church of England between 1945 and 1961. Indeed, even while he was bishop of London (1939-45), Fisher was engaged in work that seems relevant to Lawson's story, for he chaired the committee that provided a link between the Sword of the Spirit, a Roman Catholic organization, and Religion and Life, the Sword's Anglican and Free Church counterpart. Especially active between 1940 and 1943, the Sword derived its ethical marching orders from traditional natural-law principles and from the five peace points of Pope Pius XII: the conditions for a just peace were founded on the right of every nation, no matter how small or weak, to life and independence, and on the right of every minority population within a nation to exist, with their basic freedoms intact. …


Objectives To examine the rates of obstetric intervention and associated perinatal mortality and morbidity in the first 28 days among low-risk women giving birth in private and public hospitals in NSW (2000–2008). Design Linked data population-based retrospective cohort study involving five data sets. Setting New South Wales, Australia. Participants 691 738 women giving birth to a singleton baby during the period 2000–2008. Main outcome measures Rates of neonatal resuscitation, perinatal mortality, neonatal admission following birth and readmission to hospital in the first 28 days of life in public and private obstetric units. Results Rates of obstetric intervention among low-risk women were higher in private hospitals, with primiparous women 20% less likely to have a normal vaginal birth compared to the public sector. Neonates born in private hospitals were more likely to be less than 40 weeks; more likely to have some form of resuscitation; less likely to have an Apgar <7 at 5 min. Neonates born in private hospitals to low-risk mothers were more likely to have a morbidity attached to the birth admission and to be readmitted to hospital in the first 28 days for birth trauma (5% vs 3.6%); hypoxia (1.7% vs 1.2%); jaundice (4.8% vs 3%); feeding difficulties (4% vs 2.4%) ; sleep/behavioural issues (0.2% vs 0.1%); respiratory conditions (1.2% vs 0.8%) and circumcision (5.6 vs 0.3%) but they were less likely to be admitted for prophylactic antibiotics (0.2% vs 0.6%) and for socioeconomic circumstances (0.1% vs 0.7%). Rates of perinatal mortality were not statistically different between the two groups. Conclusions For low-risk women, care in a private hospital, which includes higher rates of intervention, appears to be associated with higher rates of morbidity seen in the neonate and no evidence of a reduction in perinatal mortality.


Dynamical theories of dark energy predict new degrees of freedom with particular environmental sensitivity to avoid constraints on fifth forces. We show that the similar, yet complementary multi-purpose detector setup of the ATLAS and CMS experiments provides a unique opportunity to place sensitivity on such scenarios in a narrow, yet relevant parameter range. Furthermore, our investigation gives rise to a novel phenomenological signature that the LHC experiments can pursue to exploit their complementary detector design from a BSM perspective.


In this study, we investigated the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of LiFSI solution comparing with those of LiPF6 in EC/DEC (3/7, v/v), and discuss the difference in ionic conductivity between these electrolyte solutions based on self-diffusion coefficients measured by PFG-NMR. Self-diffusion coefficients of solvent molecules and ions in 1M LiFSI solution are about 1.5 times larger than those of 1M LiPF6 solution. On the other hand, the degree of dissociation of LiFSI estimated by the Nernst-Einstein Equation from measured ionic conductivity and self-diffusion coefficients of Li+ and FSI- is lower than that of LiPF6. Therefore it is strongly suggested that almost the same ionic conductivity of 1M LiFSI solution as that of 1M LiPF6 in EC/DEC (3/7, v/v) is the result of cancelation of these two factors in the opposite direction.


In examination comparison of efficiency and safety of local therapy by a hyaluronic acid (HA) specimen and Autologous Conditioned Serum (ACS) is spent. The obtained data testify to the plus clinical effect of intraarticulate introduction ACS surpassing efficiency HA without essential side effects.


INTRODUCTIONIs Canada's foreign policy aligned with that of the United States? This question frequently comes up in foreign policy circles and was recently raised during the popular uprisings in North Africa and the Middle East. Some observers have maintained that Ottawa's policy with regard to the "Arab Spring" followed that of Washington.1 This criticism is in keeping with the perception that, since coming to power in February 2006, the Harper government has strategically aligned Canada's policies more closely with those of the United States.2 Some positions of the Harper government, in particular with respect to the Kyoto Protocol, the Israeli- Palestinian conflict, and the North American security perimeter, have reinforced this idea.3The question of Canada's foreign policy alignment with the United States has also been the subject of much debate within the academic community. Some see such an alignment as the best strategy for enhancing Canada's national interests.4 Others feel that it is detrimental to the country.5 Beyond impressions and normative debates concerning the values and strategies that should guide foreign policy in Canada, there is a need to empirically and systematically assess whether the existence of such an alignment is indeed supported by fact. This article presents a study of the responses of Canada and the United States to the popular uprisings and revolutions that marked Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya in 2010-2011. These crises, which helped define the Arab Spring, are the only ones to which Canadian and US diplomatic responses had ended at the time this article was written and which therefore lent themselves to a complete analysis of events.By conducting a chronological and a content analysis, this study examines all the official statements (statements, news releases, and remarks) issued by the Office of the Prime Minister of Canada (PMO), the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), the White House, and the US Department of State regarding these crises. In all, 67 statements are analyzed.6 The analysis shows two recurring patterns in the way Canada responded to the Arab Spring. First, the Harper government generally issued its statements after the Obama administration had stated its point of view. Second, once Washington had made its positions known, Ottawa adopted the same stance. These findings suggest that Canada's statements were most of the time aligned with those of the United States and sometimes fashioned in cooperation with Washington. However, this apparent alignment of Canada only represents one part of the story, since our study shows that the Harper government did not always emphasize the same themes, values, and principles as the US while responding to these foreign crises. For instance, Ottawa was consistently more concerned with the issue of stability than Washington. The Harper government also put more emphasis on the need to protect the State of Israel during the Egyptian uprising than did the Obama administration. Finally, the study indicates that the White House was particularly concerned with multilateralism in the resolution of these crises, while Canada has not shown the same interest in a multilateral approach.ALIGNMENT AND CONVERGENCEWhat exactly do we mean by alignment? Steven David explains that alignment occurs when one state "brings its policies into close cooperation with those of another state."7 For David, this behaviour is usually motivated by a relationship of dependence of one state on another. Gordon Mace brings additional clarification to this concept by opposing it with that of convergence. He explains that alignment can be said to have occurred when "only one actor has modified its position to bring it in line with that of another." However, when "each actor modifies an initial position X and adopts a new position Y," this can be described as convergence.8 Convergence results therefore from coordination among governments to arrive at a common position. …


Collaborative learning has existed for some time, and instructional methods have been developed, such as cooperative learning, team learning, and problem-based learning. The purpose of this study is to observe students in learning teams and how their observations of their team and team members are reflected in peer evaluations. We examine pre- and post-team history elements, such as basic demographics, personality factors, exam scores, and observations of team process and team goal attainment. Pre- and post-team history factors correlate with peer evaluations and are discussed. In our analyses, we take into account intraclass correlations and individual and group effects. Suggestions are given for future research.


Three types of non-destructive techniques including ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), non-contact electrical resistivity (NER) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) were employed continuously to monitor in situ the early microstructure evolution of fresh cement paste. The experimental results show that the ultrasonic method may effectively monitor solid phase changes occurring during hydration process. In comparison, the electrical resistivity is sensitive to the evolution of capillary pores involved in cement hydration. The two and three-dimensional information from CT provides visual insight into the microstructure formation process. In addition, three stages can be classified by the ultrasonic method, while five stages can be observed by NER. Two characteristic points are clearly identified from UPV curves. To aid in better understanding of cement hydration, an isothermal conduction calorimeter was also used to measure the release of heat of hydration. Finally, the correlation between the volume of phases ...


On the basis of the new approach, especially the approach to rights in international cooperation in criminal procedures, the article mentions the theory and the practice to improve the efficiency of international cooperation in the criminal procedure in the context of globalization, international integration in Vietnam. The contents of the article include: and areas of international cooperation in criminal procedure; The practice of international cooperation in criminal procedure in Vietnam; Requiring to improve of law and raising the effectiveness of international cooperation in criminal procedure in the context of international integration.


BACKGROUND: Inadequate penetration of topical formulation compels the use of oral NSAIDs for the management of musculoskeletal pain, despite the incidences of systemic adverse events. Dynapar QPS (Quick Penetrating Solution) is a novel topical solution of diclofenac diethylamine (4.64%) with increased penetration. The present study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of Dynapar QPS with diclofenac gel in acute musculoskeletal pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 230 Patients suffering from moderate to severe acute musculoskeletal pain (acute low backache or pain following trauma to muscles, tendons, ligaments or joints) were randomized to receive either Dynapar QPS or diclofenac gel. Study medications were applied three times daily for 7 days. Time to onset of analgesia and intensity of pain on visual analogue scale were measured at 3 rd and 7 th day of application. Other parameters like pain at rest and during movement; degree of functional impairment and adverse events; global assessment were also evaluated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Time to onset of analgesia was significantly shorter with QPS as compared to gel on day 3 (21.4±9.70 vs 33.8±17.72 min) and on day 7 (18.4±7.77 vs 31.0±18.08) (P<0.0001 for day 3 and day 7). 80% of the patients with Dynapar QPS and 55.7% patients with gel (P<0.0001) reported pain reduction by at least 50%. Dynapar QPS was also found to be better in secondary end points. No adverse events were reported in either arm in the study. CONCLUSION: Dynapar QPS provides superior efficacy compared to diclofenac gel without compromising safety in management of acute musculoskeletal pain.


In recent years, nanofluids have been proposed as efficient coolant fluids and as a means to filter sunlight for PV/T systems. In the present study, a new, cascading nanofluid-based PV/T configuration with separate channels is proposed, where one channel controls the optical properties while the other enhances heat removal from the PV cells. That is, the first nanofluid, optical nanofluid, acts as a liquid optical bandpass filter above the PV cells while the second, thermal nanofluid, removes heat from the back of the PV cells. Both nanofluids have been designed to work together to improve the overall electrical and thermal performance of the PV/T hybrid system. The proposed PV/T system has been investigated for two designs e with separate channels (D-1) and with a double-pass design (D-2). In addition these designs were simulated for both GaAsand Si-based PV cells at various concentration ratios. The simulation results show that the best nanofluid-based optical filter can transmit ~82% of the desired spectrum to GaAs or Si PV cells. In concentrated systems it was found that the separate channel system (D-1) outperformed the double-pass design (D-2) by ~8.6%, in terms of the electrical efficiency of GaAs (at C 1⁄4 45) and Si (at C 1⁄4 30). The overall efficiency of the D-1 systemwith GaAs (at C 1⁄4 160) and Si (at C 1⁄4 100) have been improved by ~5.8% and ~4.6%, respectively, by increasing the volume fraction of the thermal nanofluid from 0.001 to 1.5%. Overall, it was found that the proposed PV/T configuration with separate channels has potential for further development in high-concentration (C > 100) solar systems. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Establishing two breeding seasons (Fall and Spring) is a common practice in the southeast USA, including VA. We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 11 years, 22 breeding seasons and 14 locations in VA to compare reproductive performance between Fall and Spring breeding seasons. A total of 30,191 breeding records (24,032 for cows and 6,259 for heifers) from the VA Department of Corrections beef cattle operations were analyzed. Every year, each cow and heifer were enrolled in estrous synchronization protocols and received fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) and were then exposed to natural service bulls for an approximately 65-day breeding season. Fall breeding occurred from November until January, and Spring breeding from March until May. Body condition score (BCS; 1 to 9, scale) was determined at the initiation of the TAI protocol. Estrus detection before TAI was performed by scoring an estrus detection aid prior to insemination. Pregnancy rate was determined by ultrasonography between days 55-65 post-TAI and 40-50 after the end of the breeding season. Data were analyzed using the SAS GLIMMIX procedure for binary data and MIXED procedure for continuous data. Average BCS was greater (P < 0.001) for Fall cattle than Spring cattle (5.7 ± 0.02 and 5.1 ± 0.02, respectively); however, days postpartum at TAI was similar between Fall and Spring (P = 0.645; 77.8 and 76.2 ± 0.5 days, respectively). Pregnancy rate to TAI differed (P < 0.0001) between Fall and Spring, 53.0 ± 0.03% and 48.6 ± 0.05%, respectively. Interestingly, estrus expression was greater (P < 0.001) for Spring than Fall (58.4 ± 0.05% and 50.4 ± 0.06%, respectively) and also was greater for cows that became pregnant to TAI compared with cows that failed to become pregnant to TAI (P < 0.001; 61.7 ± 0.03% and 46.9 ± 0.04%, respectively). End of breeding season pregnancy rate differed between season and was greater for Fall than Spring (P < 0.001; 90.7 ± 0.04% and 87.9 ± 0.04%, respectively). Calf birth weight was similar between seasons (P = 0.478; 34.1 and 34.4 ± 0.09 kg, for Fall and Spring, respectively). However, 205-day adjusted weaning weights differed (P < 0.001) between seasons with Spring calves being heavier than Fall calves (246.3 ± 0.12 kg and 227.8 ± 0.21 kg, respectively). In conclusion, for beef cow-calf operations in VA reproductive performance is enhanced for Fall breeding seasons; however, weaning weights were greater for calves born during the Spring seasons.


This paper explained the basic concepts, the main function and development stage of E-government. Analyzed context of geographic information contained in the platform of electronic government information. And it also presented that the three integrated database for data integration are indexing database, spatial databases and spatial metadata database. It introduced the forms of technical support system are basic network layer, data layer, the software layer, database management layer.


Background: Previous studies have shown an association between C‐reactive protein (CRP) and arterial stiffness in most cardiovascular diseases. Increased CRP levels and arterial stiffness have been considered independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality in cardiovascular disease and even in the general population. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CRP, a marker of systemic inflammation and aortic stiffness in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP). Methods: Serum CRP levels and aortic stiffness parameters were measured in DCMP patients (n= 37) and age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects (n= 30). High‐sensitivity CRP levels were determined by an immunonephelometry assay. Aortic strain (AS) and aortic distensibility (AD) were calculated from the aortic diameters measured using M‐mode echocardiography and blood pressure obtained by sphygmomanometry. Results: Serum levels of CRP in DCMP patients were higher than in the control subjects (5.47 ± 2.06 mg/L and 2.35 ± 0.47 mg/L, P < 0.001, respectively). AS and AD were significantly decreased in DCMP patients compared to the controls (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). There were positive correlations between CRP, and (r = 0.3.64, P = 0.027) smoking (r = 0.3.56, P = 0.024), and increasing age (r = 0.587, P < 0.001), and negative correlations between CRP, and DBP (r =−0.485, P < 0.001), diameter change (DC; r =−0.493, P < 0.001), AS (r =−0.526, P < 0.001), and AD (r =−0.626, P < 0.001). Conclusion: We have shown that there is a significant relation between high serum CRP levels and impaired aortic stiffness in patients with idiopathic DCMP. These findings may indicate an important role of CRP in the pathogenesis of impaired aortic stiffness in idiopathic DCMP.


Abstract Some new diagnostics are presented for a wavenumber-2 sudden warming, simulated by a version of Holton's semi-spectral, primitive-equation model. First, Eliassen-Palm cross sections exhibiting the Eliassen-Palm (EP) planetary-wave flux together with contours of the corresponding flux divergence, are presented for selected days of the simulation. Second, a description of zonal-mean-flow evolution in the model, simpler than the conventional Eulerian-mean description and qualitatively like Lagrangian- mean descriptions in some respects, is constructed from the transformed Eulerian-mean equations presented by Andrews and McIntyre (1976). In this description the mean warming is brought about by a thermally direct "residual meridional circulation" arising as an essentially adiabatic response to a wave-induced torque about the earth's axis. The torque itself is equal to the divergence of the EP wave flux and approximately proportional to the northward flux of quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity. Third...


The mobility of electrons in p‐type GaAs, μPn has been determined by measuring the common emitter cutoff frequency fT of heterojunction bipolar transistors with a wide, uniformly doped base. At 295 K, μPn =1150 cm2/(V s) is found for a hole concentration of 3.6×1018 cm−3. At 77 K, μPn =6000 cm2/(V s). The room‐temperature value is considerably smaller and the 77 K value considerably larger than the electron mobility in comparably doped n‐type material.


Plants acquire essential trace elements from the rhizosphere and must adapt to conditions that can range from deficiency to excess. Knowledge of how trace elements move from root to shoot to seed is critical for agriculture and human nutrition.


Interactive visualization of very large volume data has been recognized as a task requiring great effort in a variety of science and engineering fields. In particular, such data usually places considerable demands on run‐time memory space. In this paper, we present an effective 3D compression scheme for interactive visualization of very large volume data, that exploits the power of wavelet theory. In designing our method, we have compromised between two important factors: high compression ratio and fast run‐time random access ability. Our experimental results on the Visual Human data sets show that our method achieves fairly good compression ratios. In addition, it minimizes the overhead caused during run‐time reconstruction of voxel values. This 3D compression scheme will be useful in developing many interactive visualization systems for huge volume data, especially when they are based on personal computers or workstations with limited memory.


Based on the investigation of coal deformation characteristics under microscopic scale (optical microscope and scanning electronic microscope)in laboratory,coal brittle ductile deformation is identified in this paper.During geological history,coal suffered from brittle to brittle ductile and ductile deformation under the conditions of tectonic stress field.Griffith Cracks or fractures are formed as a result of brittle deformation.Brittle ductile deformation is an intergrading style.Typical coal ductile deformation is concentrated in the mylonitic coal.Almost all characteristics of ductile deformation in rocks are identified in coal,expect for recrystallization.


Abstract We measured serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin concentrations on a bioMérieux Mini Vidas system in a pediatric population ranging in age from 1 to 19 years. Reference intervals were established separately for females and males, with stratification by age group and by Tanner's pubertal stage. FSH values were higher in females than in males, and were lowest in both sexes of age class 2 (4–8 years), increasing thereafter to the upper limit for stage PIV (females) and stage PV (males). LH values showed a similar pattern of change: concentrations were lowest for class 1 (1–3 years) and class 2 (4–8 years), and highest for stage PII (females) and stage PV (males). No significant difference was observed according to gender. Prolactin values did not differ markedly according to gender or pubertal status. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:541–5.


In order to measure the concentration and the size distribution of mist entrained in a chemical apparatus, a instrument with a new idea has been developed.The sampling gas containing mist is fed into the cell and the purge gas is spouted from the core in the direction rightly opposite the inlet of sampling gas.The cut size was varied in the range between 10 and several hundreds micron by changing the velocity of the purge gas from 0 to 15m/sec. The experiment suggests that the instrument with the described principle is a quite promising particle analyzer not only for mist but also for any kind of particulate material.


The paper is devoted to the interdisciplinary item of sustainable development. As follows from the argumentation, it is advisable to expose a concept of universal sustainability, which capturing on a whole the interconnected processes of sustainable changes in society, to the entire process of transformation of society as a social system. It can be named sustainable overall social transformation (SOST), the main criteria attributes of which are defined. In the near future applying described fundamental approach may open the door for ripen implementation the strategy of sustainable transformation at national and supranational levels. In this case the recognized goals/ targets of sustainable development (SDG), including those related to neutralizing climate deterioration, can be achieved at relatively acceptable costs for most modern countries.


The purpose of this research is to discribe the stress in housing of a three generation family. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey form 467 housewives living in a three generation family households. Major finding were as follow: The female elderly was the most popular type. Married children tended to live together with the forced feeling of responsibility rather than with a volunteering attitude. Many good points steming from three generations living together. however, were recognized by the housewives. This will provide suport to reevaluationg the value of the elderly in this industrial society. The felt stress and expressed various undesirable behavioral adjustments and constraints in relation to the stress. Several planning concepts including privacy, storage space, and soundproof were suggested to enchance the quality of residential environment for the family.


1. A process for preparing IVa compound of formula! ! comprising coupling an activated pyrrolopyrimidine IIa compound of formula! ! wherein L1 represents a leaving group and X 1 is an activating group; with an amine of formula IIIa or a salt thereof! ! wherein R1 represents (C1-C6) alkyl; a is an integer from 0 to 4; R2 is hydrogen or (C1-C6) alkyl and P is a nitrogen protecting group; in the presence of a base to give IVa Formula coupling product. ! 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing the activating group and nitrogen protecting group from the resulting IVa compound of formula in either order, to afford Formula V compound! ! wherein R1, A and R2 are as described above. ! 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the activating X1 group is selected from the group consisting of chloro, bromo, iodo, fluoro, CO2R ', COCO2R', SO2Ar, and COAr, wherein Ar represents (C3 -C12) aromatic group optionally including from 1 to 6 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of O, NR 'and S, and wherein the Ar group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from the group consisting of (C1-C6) alkyl, halo, nitro, and cyano; wherein R 'is selected from the group consisting of (C1-C6) alkyl and benzyl. ! 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a leaving L1 group is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine. ! 5. The method of claim 4, wherein L1 represents chlorine. ! 6. The method of claim 3, wherein X1 is chlorine. ! 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of an alkali base and a trialkyl amine base. ! 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the base is potassium bicarbonate. ! 9. The method of claim 1, wherein P is a protecting group labile to a hydrogel


The number of older adults is rapidly rising globally. Loneliness is a common problem that can deteriorate health. The aims of this work were to identify different types of loneliness (transient and chronic) and to assess their association with depression over time.


The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering materials, and particularly relates to a sea sand recycled concrete revetment brick and a making method thereof.The sea sand recycled concrete revetment brick comprises driers, wherein the driers include, by weight, 10-15 parts of water, 50-60 parts of recycled coarse aggregate and 25-40 parts of sea sand.The invention further provides the making method and application of the sea sand recycled concrete revetment brick.By the adoption of the sea sand recycled concrete revetment brick and the making method thereof, natural resources can be effectively and reasonably utilized, and the environment problem caused by piling of construction waste can be effectively solved.The sea sand recycled concrete revetment brick has the advantages of being low in production cost, high in stress performance, capable of meeting the using requirement for bearing capacity, environmentally friendly and high in economical and ecological benefits.


Background and aims: The simultaneous measurement of many proteins is now possible using multiplex assays. In this pilot study we investigated a total of 124 proteins in plasma from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients with the purpose of identifying proteins that are differently expressed at diagnosis and after tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment initiation. Methods: Samples were taken from 14 CML patients at diagnosis and after three months of TKI treatment (imatinib or dasatinib). Samples were analyzed by Mesoscale Discovery, Myriad RBM MAP technology and Olink Proseek. Results: Multiple plasma proteins were differentially expressed before and after initiation of TKI therapy. Protein patterns demonstrated a possible shift towards Th1-immunity and reduced angiogenic stimuli. Further, some plasma proteins were identified that can be of potential interest to study further for biologic, prognostic or therapeutic significance such as E-selectin, uPAR, growth hormone and carbonic anhydrase


In recent years complex treatment technologies including not only microbiological but also other efficient air treatment methods have been increasing applied. The highest effect is achieved when different methods are optimally combined together. With the aim to improve the efficiency of volatile organic compounds removal from the air, the biological and adsorption air treatment methods are combined in the work. The investigation showed that microorganisms participating in the process of biological treatment could also reproduce in the charges of inorganic origin composed of natural zeolite and foam. When these charges are mixed with wood chips the microbiological activity of the medium is increased. A charge composed of the mixture of wood chips and zeolite, 150 mm thick, was distinguished by the best treatment qualities. The highest microbiological activity in this charge was achieved when air contaminated with butanol was passed through it at the temperature of 30 °C. The number of units forming the colonies of microorganisms in zeolite amounted to 19.8 x 10 4 cfu/g, and the concentration of butanol decreased from 303 mg/m 3 to 219 mg/m 3 . A high level of contaminant removal will be achieved upon increasing a filtering layer.


In practice there may arise experimental situations where it is desired to compare several treatments called the test treatments to a standard treatment called control. The main interest here lies in making test treatment-control comparison with as much precision as possible and comparison within the test treatments are of less importance. For example in agricultural experiments, the aim of the experimenter is to test a set of new varieties of a crop with an already existing variety and to determine which of the varieties perform better in comparison to the existing variety. Balanced Treatment Incomplete Block (BTIB) designs have been defined for this situation. The designs are balanced with respect to test treatment-control comparisons. The concept of BTIB is further extended to define Balanced Two Disjoint Sets of Treatments (BTDT) designs when there are more than one control. Some methods of constructing these designs are presented here. Some class of row-column designs, which are balanced for test treatments vs. control comparisons, referred to as the Balanced Treatment vs. Control Row- Column (BTCRC) designs are also described when heterogeneity is to be eliminated in two directions. Key words: Balanced Treatment Incomplete Block (BTIB) design; Balanced Two Disjoint Sets of Treatments (BTDT) design; Balanced Treatment vs. Control Row-Column (BTCRC) design. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jfa.v2i1.3939 JFA 2009; 2(1): 22-29


This case study looks at the introduction to Zimbabwe of a new sorghum milling technology developed in Botswana. This technology, it was assumed, would, by making the processing of small grains less laborious, ~ge increased production of these grains. In the analysis of what actually happened in the milling project in one community focus is on the mill as a business enterprise and on issues of community organisation and managemenL 1becasestudy concludes with the view that while there may be a number of non-monetary benefits accruing from the milling project, there has not been a noticeable increase in sorghum production nor is the financial seIf-sustainability of the mill clear.


The role of physical activity in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) raises a lot of controversy. Therefore, a therapy based on exercise training in people diagnosed with ALS seems to be a challenge and requires evidence confirming its effectiveness. The aim of this work is to show the potential possibilities of health training to improve the quality of life in patients with ALS, as well as to present the mechanisms through which this training works. The effectiveness of exercise in patients mainly relates to maintaining the functions of the muscles and the entire body. Much more data come from studies using animal models of ALS. It has been proven that the most effective swim training significantly extends the life of animals, delays the onset of the first symptoms of the disease, reduces weight loss and muscle degradation. It also significantly improves the metabolism of mitochondria, probably by modification of the contact sites of the mitochondrial membrane structures and the endoplasmic reticulum, and reducing oxidative stress. It seems that the current and future research results on this topic may help to develop a new way in rehabilitation activities in patients with ALS.


The Kouros image in Archaic Greek art has never been perceived as expressing emotions; and nor have his eyes been a focus of research. Rather, the gaze of most of the Kouroi has been perceived as reflecting a sort of denial or cancellation of expression and emotion. However, the opposite of emotion is in itself an emotion and, indeed, once a human figure is portrayed its expression always conveys some sort of emotional message, no matter how indifferent it may seem. Moreover, emotions in Ancient Greece were perceived differently from their conception today.
The present study focuses on the meanings expressed by the gaze of the Kouros type, and examines the essence of this expression as it was understood by the beholder in Antiquity. Two kinds of gaze reflected from the eyes of Kouroi can be discerned: a seemingly hollow and emotionless gaze; and a glowing and radiant gaze.
The argument presented here is that both these kinds of gaze are manifestations of eudaemonia - happiness as a reflection of social customs and religious practices.


Objective To investigate the effect and the molecular mechanism of aggregated beta-amyloid peptide 25-35(Aβ_25-35) on the level of Tau protein phosphorylation in rat embryo cortical neurons. Methods Western blotting and immunocytochemical stain were performed to observe the Tau protein phosphorylation and the expression of JNK/p38 MAPK. Results The level of Tau protein phosphorylation in the sites of Ser~396,Ser~199/202 and Thr~205 increased after Aβ_25-35 of 20μmol/L was exposed to cortical neurons,meanwhile the level of JNK/p38 MAPK also increased after treatment with Aβ_25-35 for 12 hours.Pretreatment with specific inhibitor of JNK/p38 MAPK markedly attenuated Tau protein hyperphosphorylation and the expression of JNK/p38 MAPK.Conclusion JNK/p38 MAPK activated by Aβ_25-35 may lead to Tau phosphorylation.


Learning and analyzing 3D point clouds with deep neural networks is challenging due to the irregular and unordered nature of the data. Therefore, as the task of converting sparse and unordered point clouds into dense and complete ones, point cloud upsampling has attracted extensive attention. In this paper, we specially design a structure-based graph convolutional network called Local Neighborhood Graph Convolutional Network (LNGCN) to fully exploit structural information of graph. We introduce the proposed LNGCN and further propose a novel multi-scale feature extraction block called Multiscale LNGCN to encode rich information of point cloud data at different granular levels. By aggregating features at multiple scales, this feature extractor enables further performance improvement in the final upsampled point clouds. We combine the Multiscale LNGCN block into current point upsampling pipelines and propose a new architecture called PU-LNGCN. By using extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments, we show that PU-LNGCN can handle noisy and non-uniformly distributed point clouds as well as real scanned data by LiDAR sensors very well. PU-LNGCN outperforms previous methods and achieves state-of-the-art performance.


Test sequence generation is considered as an important phase of testing. Test sequences can be generated either by using code or model. Test sequence generation can be automated to make testing easier. This paper presents an approach for automatic test sequence generation from UML activity diagram of the Java7 Fork/Join framework. The activity diagram is first converted to an XML file, which is then traversed to find test sequences. Infeasible test sequences are avoided in this approach. Cost and overheads involved are also very less.


The kidney is one of the essential organs in the human body, and the premise of evaluating kidney function is to obtain kidney segmentation accurately. Some kidney segmentation methods have achieved high segmentation accuracy in the past, but the segmentation rate has also decreased with accuracy. In this paper, based on the renal time-activity curve, an adaptive method is used to determine the time of tracer absorption in kidney and background areas. The iterative convolution threshold method is used to minimize the energy function during kidney segmentation and significantly improve segmentation efficiency. This method analyzes the data of 174 patients using dynamic renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-DTPA. Compared with the level set Chan-Vese method to minimize the energy function, the number of iterations of the iterative convolution threshold method is only one-third of the level set Chan-Vese method. The computer runtime is only one-fifth of the level set method. The clinical experimental results show that the iterative convolution threshold method has broad application prospects in accurately estimating the glomerular filtration rate in dynamic renal scintigraphy.


This article deliberates six colloquial words, for instance, Bazui(跋嘴), Hou Zaimen(后宰门), Nong(农), Shuosai(朔腮), Tui(推) and Xi Yama(戏丫麻) by using parallelism, induction, and mutual proof between documents and dialects. Of the deliberated colloquial words, some of which can be dated from the Yuan Dynasty(元), some of which are still used in modern dialects. By revealing the ancient meanings, identifying and correcting the old explanations, verifying the source of the words, this article is of great help to read relevant literary works, organize ancient books, and compile and revise the large dictionaries.


Ut i l iz ing extended step-heating i n vacuum (1,2,3,4,5) the mobilization of various lead components at various temperatures has been investigated i n more than twenty mare soils from the Apollo 11, 12, 15 and 17 missions. Additional volatilization studies were made on several total rocks and separated components from basalts, breccias, and soils. The lead release characteristics are defined i n terms of temperature, fraction of total lead released at that temperature, and the isotopic composition of the lead, generally for seven to ten steps. The temperature ranges for a l l experiments extend from less than 600°C to more than 1000°C, usually llOO°C. A typical release pattern i s shown for duplicate sets of experiments on the Apol lo 15 soil 1520 1 in figure 1. As reported previously (3), yields commonly show two or more pulses as a function of rising temperatures. Most samples display a significant fraction (up to 15 percent) of lead released at a distinctly lower temperature, 500'-600°C; the rest of the lead tends to be mobilizedabove 800°C. The early, "low temperature site" lead (LTS), consistently displays the most 207pb-enriched isotopic composition among the different extracted fractions (e.g. figure 1). The 2 0 8 ~ b / 2 0 6 ~ b ratio generally i s highest in the LTS fraction as we1 I. The leads extracted from higher temperature sites (HTS) possess abruptly lower M7~b/206Pb ratios which tend to approach a limiting value above 1000°C. The highest temperature volatile fractions and the residual lead fractions in figure 1 are examples. The combination of LTS and HTS lead isotopic compositions can be used to characterize the composite lead for a soil and appears to provide the basis for establishing a distinct provinciality for the family of soils collected at each Apollo mare locale. In figure 2, two or more soi Is from each mission suite are represented by paired values of LTS and HTS leads connected by t ie lines. The data in figure 2 i s presented as a sequence paralleling the nominal increase in mare surface ages. Evolution of the regolith leads at each mission site probably has been complicated by its special local geological history. At Apollo 12 ond 15, photogeologic studies and the regolith chemistry indicate the probability of much younger secondary surficial debris blankets derived, probably, from Copernicus, and the Autolycus or Aristillus impact events. The blankets are inferred to have been added as recently as 1.0 by or less. Our samples are derived from their subsequent surfaces. At Apollo 11, one of our two samples i s a weakly coherent soil breccia (10060) whose stratigraphic and genetic relation to the surficial soil (10084) i s unknown and must be surmised. At Apollo 17, the presence of Station 4 soils with their unusual low-temperature volatile leads (6), must be distinguished from other LTS components in the general population of Apol lo 17 mare soils. A significant content of highlands material i s also present. Even with these considerations, average values of radiogenic m 7 ~ b / 2 0 6 ~ b in LTS and HTS volatile leads progressively change from mission site to mission site as a function of apparent mare surface age. In these averages the soils of Station 4, Apollo 17, and the green glass clods of Apollo 15 have been omitted. Qualified by the limited statistics, i t can be inferred the gross trends are demonstrations of the time dependency of the isotopic


There is at present a growing disposition among scholars to view the life and work of the early Christians in the light of their contemporary world, and especially in relation to their religious environment. This phase of study is given prominence in a recent work of two volumes by an English orientalist, F. Legge.' Mr. Legge's volumes are devoted mainly to a sketch of those ancient religious movements nowadays commonly summed up under the name of Gnosticism. His title, which on first sight seems very wide, is restricted by dismissing from consideration all religious forces of the Mediterranean world which are thought to have offered little or no competition to Christianity. Thus Judaism, all the originally Greek and Roman gods, and the religious side of Hellenistic philosophy are set aside as relatively unimportant for the history of early Christianity, whose only real rivals are said to have been (i) the oriental cults, (2) the Gnostics, and (3) Manichaeism. It would be easy to show that the author underestimates the significance of those phases of the history which he does not care to treat, yet those phases which he selects for discussion are certainly deserving of very careful study. The selective principle is used again in treating of oriental cults which are grouped under "Alexandrian Divinities." Undoubtedly the religion which centered about the figures of Isis, Osiris, and Serapis exerted a powerful influence upon the life of the Mediterranean world prior to and during Christianity's rise; but the influence of other similar cults, whose original home was Asia Minor or Syria, ought to have been more adequately recognized. The discussion on Gnosticism is better proportioned. It falls into two main divisions: pre-Christian Gnostics and postChristian Gnostics. The origin of Gnosticism is traced to a combination of elements, chief among them being popular mythical ideas, ceremonial magic, and the astrological notion of a universe ruled by the movement of the stars. In the last analysis Gnosticism is regarded as nearer to magic than to religion, since it proposes not so much to propitiate the gods as to force salvation from them by means of ritual acts and superior gnosis (knowledge). Nowadays we are familiar with the fact that the type of teaching commonly called Gnosticism was current in pre-Christian times, but it is surprising to find the Orphics classed as the earliest Gnostics. Moreover, the Essenes are treated as lineal descendants of the Orphics, and so are grouped among pre-Christian Gnostics. The evidence for this conclusion is found in the later Jewish books, particularly the apocalyptic books which are thought to have an Essenic origin. The author's identification of Orphism with Gnosticism is open to serious question, and his classification of Essenism in this connection is still more doubtful. In equating Orphism with Gnosticism the author appar-


An analytical model of quasi-continuous wave (quasi-CW) diode array side-pumped slab laser for Yb:YAG oscillator in long-pulse free-running has been developed based on the CW model. In this model we first introduce a new parameter, pump pulse width and make the model available for use in the quasi-CW model. We also give an analytical equation of laser delay time to calculate the laser pulse width. A detailed model is also presented for a new structure laser design, taking account of the geometry of Yb:YAG slab. A quasi-CW diode array side-pumped Yb:YAG slab laser is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Experiments yield a quasi-CW output energy up to 20.36 mJ with the laser pulse width of 654.55 μs at 1049 nm when the diode arrays operate at 25 Hz and 1 ms pulse width. The crystal dimensions are 3 mm×8 mm×1 mm and the doping density is 10 at.%. The experimental results are in good agreement with the predictions of the theoretical model.


Silicon and helium elastic recoil detection (ERD) have been used to obtain concentration versus depth profiles of hydrogen (/sup 1/H) and deuterium (/sup 2/H) in polymers. Using helium ERD, a depth resolution of 100nm was achieved in polystyrene, whereas 30nm was achieved using silicon ERD. Polymers are in general susceptible to radiation damage and precautions are necessary in order to minimize this. These precautions are addressed. When helium ERD is used to obtain the yield versus energy profile, the conversion of this profile to one of concentration versus depth is relatively straightforward since the scattering cross sections for collisions between helium and /sup 1/H or /sup 2/H nuclei are independent of energy over typical incident energy ranges (2.3--3.0 MeV) used in these studies. With the use of silicon ions, corrections for the energy dependence of the scattering cross section must also be made. A comparison of helium ERD measurements of diffusion in polymer systems is made with those obtained using other techniques. The agreement is excellent. 31 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs.


I read with interest the study by Anderson et al.,1 that was recently published online by your Journal. This study investigated if low placental growth factor (PlGF) was equally effective to serial Doppler measurements in the identification of fetal growth restriction (FGR) from pregnancies with lateonset (>32 weeks) smallforgestational age (SGA) fetuses. The study found that a low maternal PlGF at the diagnosis of lateonset SGA pregnancies did not reliably identify the same atrisk FGR fetuses as those identified by Doppler studies. Anderson et al. subsequently concluded that measurement of PlGF cannot be used as an adequate replacement for serial Doppler studies for identifying FGR among SGA pregnancies. While I agree with this conclusion, I would like to highlight that such findings do not necessarily mean that assessment of PlGF has no value as a screening tool to identify FGR from those pregnancies that are SGA. Although placental insufficiency is the principle cause of FGR, there are multiple placental phenotypes that may underlie this condition,2 including abnormal uteroand fetoplacental vasculature and impairment of nutrient transporter expression/activity in the plasma membranes of the syncytiotrophoblast, the nutrient transport epithelium in the placenta.3,4 As Doppler studies assess blood flow in the uterine and umbilical arteries, they are effective at detecting FGR occurring secondary to placental vascular impedance.5–9 However, Doppler studies are not completely sensitive to detecting FGR. In particular, Doppler studies are suboptimal at detecting FGR caused by other placental pathophysiological pathways, besides placental vascular impedance. Since aberrant placental perfusion is more commonly the cause of earlyonset, compared to lateonset FGR,10 Doppler studies are more effective at detecting early, rather than lateonset FGR.11 As the placental pathophysiology underlying FGR is so heterogenous,2 it is unlikely that we will identify any single tool as completely reliable for the identification of FGR among SGA pregnancies. Potentially, the only method for optimizing the detection of FGR is to adopt a holistic approach to the assessment of placental function that includes a combination of ultrasound, Doppler studies and measurement of maternal serum biomarkers. With this in mind, I would be interested to see if the study identified any SGA pregnancies that showed normal findings on assessment of Doppler indices, but resulted in the delivery of an SGA infant <5th centile with signs of fetal distress. If so, I would argue that assessment of maternal serum PlGF levels has value in the detection of FGR from SGA pregnancies, as an addition, rather than a replacement to Doppler studies. It is possible that measurement of PlGF is capable of detecting FGR cases, which are caused by alternative placental pathophysiological pathways to those detected on Doppler studies. This is of significant importance because improving antenatal detection of FGR is critical to reducing the incidence of stillbirth.12


Invention provides an OLED device comprising a stack of layers which emit light in the upper substrate sealed by a cover (4) enclosing (2) (1), at least the base body (2) and a cover enclosing (4 edge of) the what those covered by the protective cover made of moldable material (5), and at least one OLED by at least one of the OLED device (1) and a suitable connector (85) comprising a device (1) at least one electronic board are connected to the (81, 82) comprises a body (9) which preferably is further thermally coupled to the OLED device (1) cooling, OLED the system (10), related. Invention further applies at least partially OLED device (1) or OLED system (10) OLED device (1) by plastics molding for covering techniques or a protective cover to the OLED system (10) (5) Step It relates to a method for manufacturing the OLED device (1) or OLED system (10) having a.


JOINT DEVELOPMENT-MULTIPLE USE-ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS OF HIGHWAYS ARE DISCUSSED. THE 1968 HIGHWAY ACT STATES THAT A STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT SUBMITTING PLANS FOR A FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAY PROJECT MUST HAVE CONSIDERED THE SOCIAL EFFECTS OF ITS LOCATION, IMPACT UPON THE ENVIRONMENT, AND THE CONSISTENCY WITH GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF URBAN PLANNING IN THE COMMUNITY. EVERY ENCOURAGEMENT SHOULD BE GIVEN TO THE MAXIMUM UTILIZATION OF THE HIGHWAY RIGHTS-OF-WAY. IN THE AREA OF JOINT DEVELOPMENT, POSSIBILITIES THAT WILL BE AN INTEGRAL PART OF OR ENHANCE THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH WHICH A HIGHWAY PROJECT PASSES FALL INTO THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES: MINI-PARKS, PLAY AREAS WITH BENCHES, SAND BOXES, RECREATION AREAS, TENNIS COURTS, BASKET BALL COURTS, HORSESHOES, COMMUNITY FACILITIES, RESTROOMS, AND PUBLIC FACILITIES SUCH AS FIRE STATIONS AND POLICE STATIONS. THE MULTIPLE USE OR JOINT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHWAY RIGHTS-OF-WAY SHOULD BE A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN OF THE COMMUNITY. MULTIPLE USE HAS SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS.


This article discusses the formation of logical skills in teaching mathematics in the 5-6 grades from the standpoint of the competence approach and reveals the meaning of logical competence.


Direct femtosecond writing is the simplest and most economical way to create waveguides in various media, which also allows the creation of complex waveguide networks. When considering materials, polymers are of particular interest because polymers provide unlimited variations of special compositions. Writing waveguides in polymers is not an easy task that cannot be directly compared with writing schemes in materials such as fused silica [2] . In recent times, successful laser writing schemes using complex parameter selection in polymers have been reported [3] , but further investigation is required research to get deeper insight into physical mechanisms and explore various aspects of undisclosed optical properties.


Objective: To observe the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in the orthodontic periodontal tissue remodeling,and study the role of NO/iNOS in the tooth movement in rats.Methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups.Orthodontic appliance was placed between the maxillary right firstmolar and maxillary central incisors of rat.Immunohistochemistry and image analyses were performed at 0,1,3,5,7,14,21,28 days after orthodontic force application.Results: The expression of iNOS showed weak immunoreactivities in normal periodotium.3 days after the tooth movement,the immunoreactivities of iNOS were increased and at 7 days,reached the maximum.Conclusion: NO/iNOS participate in the orthodontic periodontal tissue remodeling in the tooth movement and NO/iNOS can promote the bone formation.


Abstrac: Education cannot be separated from culture. Because education occurs in society and this education is a civilizing process. This culture itself is the basis for the formation of the community's personality. The character of the Toraja people, for example, is strongly influenced by the surrounding culture. And the majority of Toraja people adhere to Christian beliefs. Christian character is a picture of Christian identity. Christian character comes from the Bible as a source of truth for every believer. Attention is needed to build Christian character in the midst of Toraja's diverse culture. How the culture in Toraja can be a forum for educating Christian character. This paper will examine Christian character education in the context of Toraja culture.


...................................................................................................... iii Arabic abstract .......................................................................................... v List of contents .......................................................................................... vii List of tables ............................................................................................... xi List of figures .............................................................................................. xiv List of plates................................................................................................ xvii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION...................................................... 1 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REIVEW......................................... 3 General characteristics of Sorghum.............................................................. 7 Harvesting................................................................................................... 7 General Sorghum diseases........................................................................... 9 Sorghum Protein.......................................................................................... 14 There are four main sorghum based foods................................................. 14 Sorghum uses............................................................................................... 15 Economic importance of sorghum.............................................................. 15 Sorghum infection by mycotoxins.............................................................. 16 General Mycotoxins characteristics.............................................................. 22 Effects of Temperature, Relative humidity, Water activity and Moisture content of substrate on A flavus Growth....................................................... 27


Allen, Robert L. The Verb System of Present-Day American English. The Hague: Mouton. 1982 (Second Printing). Pp. 303. Andersen, Roger, ed. Pidginization and Creolization as Language Acquisition. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House. 1983. Pp. xi + 337. Baeyer, C. V. The Ancestry of Canadian English. Hull, Que.: Public Service Commission of Canada. 1980. Pp. 74. Baeyer, C. V. Talking About Canadian English ... Hull, Que.: Public Service Commission of Canada. 1983. Pp. 88. Bailey, Kathleen, Michael H. Long, and Sabrina Peck, eds. Second Language Acquisition Studies. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House. 1983. Pp. xiv + 213. Bammesberger, Alfred. A Handbook of Irish. 1. Essentials of Modern Irish. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitatsverlag. 1982. Pp. 157. Cahiers linguistiques dOttawa, No. 11 (FeVrier 1983). Universite d'Ottawa. D6partement de linguistique. Pp. 102. Coates, Jennifer. The Semantics of the Modal Auxiliaries. Beckenham (UK): Croom Helm. 1983. Pp. 259. Cobarrubia, Juan, and Joshua A. Fishman, eds. Progress in Language Planning. International*Perspectives. The Hague: Mouton. 1983. Pp. vi + 383. Eastman, Carol M. Language Planning. An Introduction. San Francisco: Chandler and Sharp. 1983. Pp. x + 276. Glossa. An International Journal of Linguistics. Vol. 16:2 (1982). Burnaby, B.C.: Simon Fraser University. Gordon, W. Terrence. A History of Semantics. Studies in the History of Linguistics Vol. 30. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins B.V. 1982. Pp. 284. Halle, Morris, and G. N. Clements. Problem Book in Phonology. Cambridge, Mass. & London (UK): The MIT Press. 1983. Pp. viii + 196. Hatch, Evelyn Marcussen. Psycholinguistics. A Second Language Perspective. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House. 1983. Pp. ix + 266. Huebner, Thom. A Longitudinal Analysis of the Acquisition of English. Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers. 1983. Pp. xxix + 232. Kaye, Alan S. A Dictionary of Nigerian Arabic. Bibliotheca Afroasiatica Vol. One. Malibu: Undena Publications. 1982. Pp. xvi + 92. Langues et Linguistique. No. 9 (1983). Quebec: University Laval. Lerdahl, Fred, and Ray Jackendoff. A Generative Theory of Tonal Music. Cambridge, Mass. & London (UK): The MIT Press. 1983. Pp. xiv + 368. Lexique. 1 (1982). Presses Universitaires de Lille. Pp. 164. Northwest Languages Newsletter. Vol. 4, No. 3 (Jan. 1983); Vol. 5, No. 1 (April 1983). Vancouver: University of British Columbia.


Microporous Materials In their Communication on page 15684 ff., C. H. Görbitz and co-workers report that dipeptides containing non-proteinogenic residues form crystals with open channels, the diameter of which is tuned by the bulk of the non-proteinogenic units.


The third generation PET new technique(NG3) is introduced,the process is from esterification autoclave to column reactor then to modified solid state polycondensation system.There are a lot of advantages of this process over normal one,the shortest production line,less equipment,shorter construction period and lower investment.During the production,the consumption of both raw material and energy are less,also the quality of products is better.It is a more competitive advance technique.


In March 2011 Swift detected an extremely luminous and long-lived outburst from the nucleus of an otherwise quiescent, low luminosity (LMC-like) galaxy. Named Swift J1644+57, its combination of high-energy luminosity (1048  ergs s−1 at peak), rapid X-ray variability (factors of >100 on timescales of 100 seconds) and luminous, rising radio emission suggested that we were witnessing the birth of a moderately relativistic jet (Γ ∼ 2 − 5), created when a star is tidally disrupted by the supermassive black hole in the centre of the galaxy. A second event, Swift J2058+0516, detected two months later, with broadly similar properties lends further weight to this interpretation. Taken together this suggests that a fraction of tidal disruption events do indeed create relativistic outflows, demonstrates their detectability, and also implies that low mass galaxies can host massive black holes. Here, I briefly outline the observational properties of these relativistic tidal flares observed last year, and their evolution over the first year since their discovery.


Conventional abstraction queries, like vary search and nearest neighbor retrieval, involve solely conditions on objects' geometric properties. Today, several trendy applications involve novel kinds of queries that aim to seek out objects satisfying each a abstraction predicate, and a predicate on their associated texts. as an example, rather than considering all the restaurants, a nearest neighbor question would instead elicit the eating house that's the highest among those whose menus contain "steak, spaghetti, brandy" all at an equivalent time. Presently the most effective resolution to such queries is predicated on the IR2-tree, which, as shown during this paper, features a few deficiencies that seriously impact its potency. Impelled by this, we tend to develop a replacement access methodology known as the abstraction inverted index that extends the standard inverted index to address flat knowledge, and comes with algorithms that may answer nearest neighbor queries with keywords in real time. As verified by experiments, the projected techniques outgo the IR2-tree in question latent period considerably, typically by an element of orders of magnitude. Keywords-R-tree, UML, diagrams, brandy, index,


Abstract Freshly harvested loquat fruit were pretreated with 50 nl/L 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 24 h at 20°C and then stored at 1°C for 35 days to investigate the effect of 1-MCP on fruit nutritive and functional properties. The results show that 1-MCP-treated fruit exhibit a lower incidence of decay and higher levels of total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, fructose, glucose, sucrose, malic and lactic acids, total phenolics and total flavonoids than control fruit during storage. The 1-MCP treatment also maintains higher antioxidant activity as measured by the scavenging capacity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide radicals, and by the reducing power test compared with the control. These results suggest that 1-MCP treatment can improve the nutritive and functional properties of harvested loquat fruit, thus providing a high content in health-beneficial compounds to consumers.


This paper aims to build the case for a new Canadian Asia strategy. It begins with a historical review of the Canadian government's diplomatic relations with the region while revisiting the role of Canada in the global order as a middle-power state. It then introduces a framework that links Joseph Nye's concept of soft power with the pragmatic features of foreign public diplomacy (PD). It shows that a strategic, coordinated and informal approach to PD can bring important soft-power gains for Canada in the world's most dynamic region. Finally, it calls for a distinct Asia-focused diplomacy built on sustainable development, governance and education. It concludes by recommending that the government spearhead an annual regional forum on sustainability, strengthen relationships with Canada's Asia-based diaspora, as well as develop an incentive program to entice young Canadians to study and work throughout the region.


Human pathogenic bacteria disease is a worldwide pervasive disease. It kills more than two million people yearly, therefore, pathogenic disease is the highest disease burden as its rank is one out of four main diseases that threaten human lives. Pathogenic disease contributes to other worldwide severe diseases, such as pneumonia and causes infections such as typhoid fever, which is difficult to control at late stages. This work presents a CMOS biosensor based CBCM system that uses phage organisms to detect bacteria for different applications. The system provides a viable alternative to traditional growth-based bacterial analysis systems, which are time consuming. The system employs an interdigitated capacitor structure, charge based capacitance measurement circuitry to detect, and process capacitance changes in the presence of targeted bacteria. In this work, we concentrate on capacitive biosensor as a part of multi-labs-on-a single chip (MLoC) realized through CMOS technology.


An 8.5 GHz wideband and high Gain cross elliptical shape antenna is presented in this paper for the 5G mm-wave applications. A short-pin opposite to the feeding arm is deployed for the maximum current flow and consequently high bandwidth ranging from 26.7 to 35.2 GHz is achieved. The gain of the antenna varies from 6.1 dBi to 8.47 dBi in the entire frequency range with more than 76% efficiency. The compact electrical size of the antenna is 0.89λ0 × 0.89λ × 0.14λ0, where λ0 corresponds to the free space wavelength at the lowest resonance frequency. The results are compared with the state-of-the-artwork for the 5G mm-wave applications.


Many research explicit to the state of difficulty by defining audit quality; they use modeling (theory deployment) from several empirical literature to formulate audit quality in terms of various aspects. The eventful of this research is doing a material or reference for beginner researchers and makes it easy to choose audit quality measurements into the framework that will be applied in his research. The approach used is decision support system (DSS). This type of research is exploratory, using a qualitative approach designed to be able to explain the audit quality measurement model. Data analysis methods adopted by the decision-making / modeling process through three steps i.e. intelligent, design and finally choice phases. The findings of this study show that decision support systems based on structural equation models developed into the audit quality measurement model can be used as recommendations for beginner researchers in formulating definitions, theoretical reviews and measuring audit quality using a specific approach. And the, the goodness-of-fit test in this study can be made recommendations based on each cut-off value criterion in the valuation model in making a fairly fast decision by looking at the output RMSEA score. These testing can be run on statistical software, such as IBM SPSS, AMOS, PLS-Graph, LISREL and others.


In testing the creole hypothesis that features of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) derive from a creole-like ancestor instead of from British dialects, researchers have largely ignored vowel variation, even though language shift often affects phonology more than other aspects of language. Acoustic analysis of recordings of former slaves, of Southem Whites from the same birth cohort, and of speakers of Caribbean creoles, coupled with data from a dialect atlas, suggests that non-English influences have affected AAVE. Older AAVE shows a much higher incidence of monophthongal /e/ and /o/ and of non-front /au/ than Southem White English, and it shares these features with Caribbean creoles. These features may ultimately be derived from African languages.


Introduction: Technology Enthusiasm Enthusiasts are people who have a passion, keenness, dedication or zeal for a particular activity or hobby. Today, there are enthusiasts for almost everything, from genealogy, costume dramas, and country houses, to metal detectors, coin collecting, and archaeology. But to be described as an enthusiast is not necessarily a compliment. Historically, the term "enthusiasm" was first used in England in the early seventeenth century to describe "religious or prophetic frenzy among the ancient Greeks" (Hanks, n.p.). This frenzy was ascribed to being possessed by spirits sent not only by God but also the devil. During this period, those who disobeyed the powers that be or claimed to have a message from God were considered to be enthusiasts (McLoughlin).


Two reliable small-plant bioassays were developed using tissue-cultured banana, resulting in consistent symptom expression and infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). One bioassay was based on providing a constant watertable within a closed pot and the second used free-draining pots. Culture medium for spore generation influenced infectivity of Foc. Inoculation of potted banana by drenching potting mix with a conidial suspension, consisting mostly of microconidia, few macroconidia and no chlamydospores, generated from one-quarter-strength potato dextrose agar + streptomycin sulfate, resulted in inconsistent infection. When a conidial suspension that consisted of all three spore types, microconidia, macroconidia and chlamydospores, prepared from spores generated on carnation leaf agar was used, all plants became infected, indicating that the spore type present in conidial suspensions may contribute to inconsistency of infection. Inconsistency of infection was not due to loss of virulence of the pathogen in culture. Millet grain precolonised by Foc as a source of inoculum resulted in consistent infection between replicate plants. Sorghum was not a suitable grain for preparation of inoculum as it was observed to discolour roots and has the potential to stunt root growth, possibly due to the release of phytotoxins. For the modified closed-pot system, a pasteurised potting mix consisting of equal parts of bedding sand, perlite and vermiculite plus 1 g/L Triabon slow release fertiliser was suitable for plant growth and promoted capillary movement of water through the potting mix profile. A suitable potting mix for the free-draining pot system was also developed.


Abstract Because of nonlinear I-V curves of photovoltaic panels, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is necessary to absorb maximum power. In this article state-space averaging method is utilized to express behavior of boost chopper converter. To generate the best operating point (PV panel desired voltage), incremental conductance is used. A Robust feedback linearization controller is proposed to deliver the PV panel to maximum power point. The controller is robust to environment variations, load uncertainties and load voltage disturbances. Stability of proposed controller is proved based on Lyapunov theorem. A boost chopper is used between PV panel and load to realize proposed MPPT technique. Boost chopper parameters are designed properly to operate converter in continues conduction mode (CCM). To evaluate MPPT technique some simulations in irradiance variation, temperature variation, load variation and load voltage disturbance are presented and discussed.


Both experimental studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal a unique atomic-scale growth mechanism during crystallization of an amorphous alloy Zr65Ni25Ti10. By using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope incorporated with nanobeam diffraction technique, we have clearly seen imperfect ordered packing of nano-ordered clusters (NOCs) with a size of 1–2 nm embedded in this amorphous material. Under a very large undercooling condition, NOCs essentially act as preexisting nuclei that can grow directly into nanocrystals during annealing treatments. The growth mechanism includes three distinct steps in succession: formation of quasi-ordered structure with one-dimensional (1D) periodicity, and then 2D periodicity, and finally forming 3D nanocrystals. These three growth steps are cross-linked, and atomic movements are also accommodated by a rotation of atomic planes. This growth mechanism is unambiguously verified by MD simulation.


This observational pilot study was carried out at three sugarcane companies in Costa Rica. Its main objective was to determine the potential for heat stress conditions for workers in one sugarcane-growing region in Costa Rica during the maintenance (non-harvest) period. Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) variables were measured with a heat stress meter and threshold value limits and the Sweat Rate Indexes were calculated for each workplace. It was determined that workers in this study were in heat stress conditions. Costa Rica is likely to experience warmer temperatures and increased heat waves in the coming decades. It is therefore important to take action to decrease current and future heat-related risks for sugarcane workers in both harvest and non-harvest conditions and in all sugarcane growing regions in Costa Rica. It is also necessary to improve guidelines and occupational health standards for protecting worker health and productivity in the tropics.


In order to study the influence of thread compound type on anti galling performance, by means of same torque and compound application method, thread breakout tests were carried out on 4 thread compounds by 4 standard sample tubes with the sample pipe, galling style, treatment method and makeup parameters of API standard and highly precise testing equipment. Test results showed thread compound greatly influenced anti galling performance. Among the chosen compounds, BESTOLIFE 2000 could meet the requirement of no serious thread damage after 9 times of makeup and breakout by API standard. With B96101, the thread could only stand 6 times and with 8401 and DH-2, the thread was seriously damaged after 3 times.


"Probleme des menages" is a mathematical game.This paper obtains four kinds of new solutions by means of concepts of circle combination and circle combination formula.And then,the paper points applications in combinatory computation


The small capacity PET bottle for soft drinks were developed in 1996. The production of bottled soft drinks was 18,000,000kL in 2003. The PET bottled drinks accounts for 56 of the market, which the 500mL container accounts has a 36.4 share. The 500mL PET bottled soft drinks is easy to carry. There are many people who directly drink from bottles and carry them for a long time. This suggested that this might cause some problems involving bacteriology. The results were as follows. Various kinds of oral bacterial flora because mixed in the bottled soft drinks by the direct drinking, but these bacteria decreased with time. Most bacteria mixed in the green tea and oolong tea drinks quickly decreased and were not detected after an 8 houre storage at 25. Some bacteria mixed in fruit juice, sport drinks and barley tea drinks slowly decreased and were detected after 8 hours at 25. The bacteria detected after 8 hours were Genus Staphylococcus and Genus Streptococcusmainly. As written on the label of the bottle, it is important to drink them as soon as possible after opening them.


The correlation coefficient (Pearson's r) is one of the most frequently used tools in statistics. In this paper we discuss a correlation coefficient between Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets (A-IFSs). We have constructed the coefficient so it provides the strength of the relationship between A-IFSs and also shows if the considered sets are positively or negatively correlated. Next, the proposed correlation coefficient takes into account not only the amount of information related to the A-IFS data (expressed by the membership and non-membership values) but also the reliability of the data expressed by a so-called hesitation margin.


An overprinting coatings has been developed based on high solid polyester prepared with versatic acid,and methylated melamine resin.The influence of incorporation level of versatate on film performance was studied,showing that when the addition level of versatate ranges between 3%~5%,the film will have better impact strength,excellent adhesion,and chemical resistance.


Abstract Three azocalix[4]arenes with distal ethyl ester residues, 5-phenylazo-25,26,27-tris[(ethoxycarbonyl)methoxy]-28-hydroxycalix[4]arene (2), 5-(o-methylphenyl)azo-25,26,27-tris[(ethoxycarbonyl)methoxy]-28-hydroxycalix[4]arene (3), 5-(p-Methylphenyl)azo-25,26,27-tris[(ethoxycarbonyl)methoxy]-28-hydroxycalix[4]arene (4), were synthesized and their binding properties with metal ions were investigated by ultraviolet (UV)/visible spectroscopy. The chromogenic behavior of these compounds upon metal ion complexation indicates a specific selectivity toward Ca2+ ion in the presence of other cations tested. The stoichiometry of 3 to Ca2+ ion in the complex is 1:1 and the stability constant of the complex is 1.28×104 m−1.


The four essays in this collection present a multifaceted conversation about what is at stake in 'passing on' the institutionalised project of Women's Studies at this historic moment. The authors come to this conversation from a diversity of histories, commitments and investments in Women's Studies. Framed by the argument that Women's Studies is a project fraught with uncertainty, the authors explore what it means to live within this uncertainty and how one might respond to it intellectually, emotionally, politically, institutionally and pedagogically. In exploring their own responses and taking into consideration responses from other feminist intellectuals, the authors subject their practices to the same kind of academic critique to which they subject the discipline, its location, theories, methods and pedagogues. The purpose of these essays is not to enact these responses nor to fix a firm direction for the future of the discipline; but rather, by looking back and attending to the now, inspire us to grapple with what might be possible.


The biblical term [ILLEGIBLE], variously translated 'loving kindness' and 'steadfast love', displays a wide range of biblical uses and meanings. This article concentrates on poetic and narrative texts in which [ILLEGIBLE] appears surprisingly, often to denote unexpected attachments. While [ILLEGIBLE] is a formulaic term in covenant tradition, some poetic texts, notably Ps. 89, Isa. 54, and Lam. 3, place the term in striking contrast to its immediate context. Narrative cases of unexpected [ILLEGIBLE] include the attachments between Ruth and Naomi, David and Jonathan, Abraham and Sarah (in the wife-sister scenes), Yahweh and Israel, and three episodes about spies. By attending to the literary uses of [ILLEGIBLE], this article illuminates the place of [ILLEGIBLE] in biblical theology.


Background:
 Emerging adults (ages 18-25 years) with congenital heart disease (CHD) are expected to perform self-care, behaviors that maintain physiologic stability and the response to symptoms as they occur. In spite of the seriousness of CHD, some emerging adults forego self-care. Identifying those unlikely to perform self-care is essential.Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe self-care and to identify the correlates of self-care in emerging adults with CHD. We hypothesized that knowledge and beliefs would be the primary determinants of self-care.

 Methods:
 In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, we enrolled a convenience sample (n=57) of emerging adults from two outpatient CHD centers (adult, n=37; pediatric, n=20) in the Northeastern US. All participants completed neuropsychological testing (PMR, DSST, Trail-Making Tests and the Letter Number Sequencing Tests) and scales measuring developmental stage (Course of Life), mood, knowledge of CHD (Leuven Knowledge Questionnaire), self-efficacy (the NGSES), family functioning (FAD), and a demographic survey. Disease severity was determined by the diagnosis and the number of repairs. Variables were tested as correlates of self-care measured using the Self-Care in CHD Scale (SC-CHD). Scores are standardized 0-100; higher scores indicate higher self-care. Multivariate regression was conducted in two blocks. First age, disease severity, developmental stage, mood, family functioning, cognition, and self-care confidence were entered. Second, knowledge and beliefs were entered for hypothesis testing.

 Results:
 Participants (42% female, mean age 21 years, SD 2.32) had predominantly moderate (42%) to severely (45.6%) complex CHD. Self-care was low (SC-CHD=mean 57, SD 11.23). More CHD repairs, higher levels of self-care confidence, and older age explained 41% of the variance in self-care (Block 2: F=3.785, df=3, 46, p=0.17). The higher the level of self-care confidence, the more likely the performance of self-care.

 Conclusions:
 These results can be used to identify a subset of CHD patients at risk for poor self-care. Self-care confidence is the only modifiable determinant, suggesting that interventions designed to increase self-care confidence may be useful in this population.


Experimental and computational study for steady-state pintle driven nozzle throat flow are carried out by changing four pintle shape. Results show that thruster performance is influenced by pintle shape greatly. This attributes to the distorted throat area and chamber pressure change as the pintle shape and its penetration.


AbstractThe Stella Blum Research Grant is awarded in memory of Stella Blum, curator, educator, writer, scholar and founding member of the Costume Society of America. The purpose of the grant is to support original student research on North American costume.