It has been over 20 years now since Park, Jong-Chul, who was recalled due to the quality of his reference, died from water torture in 1987. We could say that the police's or the prosecution's harsh treatment of suspects in the investigation procedures it conducts is on the decrease. It is doubtful, though, that such cruel act has been totally uprooted. As another incident in which the suspect died due to the prosecution's torture of him in the investigation procedure that was carried out occurred in October 2002, in 2003, the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) took cognizance of the police's torture of suspects and recommended the prosecution of policemen who are found guilty of such cruel act, as reflected in Article 125 of the Korean Criminal Law. The gravity of torture of a suspect lies in the fact that it is not an eventuality but a structural problem in the prosecution. The Constitution of the Republic of Korea has guaranteed the human dignity and the fundamental human rights of individuals. The said constitution stipulates the principles of the presumption of innocence, lawful procedures, the prohibition of torture and the compulsion of a suspect to testify against himself, and the denial of evidences obtained through torture, among others. The constitution enactment authority's view of the human rights it must safeguard has been reflected in these clauses of the constitution, which had been elevated to the principles on which the Criminal Procedure Act is based. Article 125 of the Korean Criminal Law states: "A person who, in performing or assisting in activities concerning the judgment, prosecution, and arrest of an individual, and other functions involving human restraint, commits an act of violence or cruelty against a criminal suspect or against another person while carrying out his duties, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than five (5) years and by the suspension of his rights for not more than ten (10) years." This provision punishes the police or the prosecution for any form of harsh treatment of a suspect it may carry out in the course of an investigation procedure it conducts. In addition, Article 124, clause 1 stipulates: "If a person who performs or assists in activities concerning the judgment, prosecution, and arrest of an individual, and other functions involving human restraint, arrests or imprisons another in a way that involves the abuse of his official authority, he shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than seven (7) years and by suspension of his rights for not more than ten (10) years." This provision punishes the police or the prosecution for any unlawful arrest or confinement it may commit. To uproot the torture of suspects in investigation procedures, the UN General Assembly adopted "Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment" on December 10, 1984. On January 9, 1995, Korea signed such document, which took effect on February 8. Korea, however, has not yet adopted the "Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture." In Korea's amended Criminal Procedure Act (2007), various measures to prevent and control the torture of suspects in investigation procedures have been stipulated. The cases involving the torture of suspects in investigation procedures are expected to decrease since the new Criminal Procedure Act has been in effect since January 1, 2008. It is not realistic, however, to expect that the harsh treatment of suspects in investigation procedures will be completely overcome simply by such amendment of the Criminal Procedure Act. To completely prevent the commission of cruel acts against suspects in investigation procedures, efforts should be made to ensure that the prosecution and the police are always conscious of human rights. Moreover, effective related legislation based on the Constitution is needed, in addition to the international convention. The UN Convention against Torture Commission requested Korea to define its concept of torture clearly, to expand the scope of the punishments it imposes for torture, and to complement Article 125 of its highest criminal law, among others. Korea unfortunately suffers infamy for being one of the countries in modern history that commit considerable judicial murder. One of the reasons for the aforementioned UN commission's request is that the article of Korea's highest criminal law that punishes the prosecution or the police for torturing suspects simply requires a warrant of arrest before a person can be arrested and insufficiently punishes prosecutors who treat suspects unjustly by distorting the facts or the law in an investigation procedure. Further, the article of the said law that punishes unlawful arrest or confinement does not apply at all times. There is also no article that punishes a judge for coming up with a decision regarding whether to issue a warrant for a suspect's arrest by distorting the facts or the law. The reform of the criminal justice system in Korea began on June 11, 2007. It is believed that this is a good opportunity to complement the articles mentioned above. To punish a prosecutor, policeman, or judge for deliberately distorting the facts or the law to effect the arrest or conviction of a suspect, as in China and Germany, it is hoped that Korea's highest criminal law will be made to include a corresponding article. This will contribute much to preventing and controlling the harsh treatment of suspects in investigation procedures in the country.


Vapor explosions are processes involving significant energy exchange between a hot and colder, more volatile liquid. This phenomenon can cause significant pressurization and may cause damage to structures. Historically, vapor explosions have been of interest in industrial processes with molten metals, and postulated accident scenarios involving molten fuel and water in current light water reactors. With the potential use of superconducting magnets in fusion designs, postulated accident scenarios involving water used to cool various structures and cryogenic materials (i.e., helium and nitrogen) required for magnet cooling have to be addressed. A rapid increase in pressure may be seen if liquid nitrogen or helium comes into contact with water. Because of significant temperature differences between the water and cryogenic materials, a rapid heat transfer event similar to a vapor explosion may be observed with the cryogen as the 'coolant' and the water as the 'fuel'. Experiments to quantify this phenomenon were performed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. This paper reviews these experiments and presents comparison analyses using the systems code, MELCOR. Experimental results showed that no large 'shock' pressures were observed. Thus, one can consider the 'fuel-coolant' interaction to be a boiling event controlled by 'bulk thermodynamics'. We hope to benchmark the code and show its usefulness in determining potential critical issues involving these fusion systems.


Acknowledgements - Introduction - The Possibility of Realism - Epistemology and Levels of Discourse - Realism and Validity Claims - Causality, Acausality and the Implicate Order - Behaviour and Social Ontology - The Language of Social Analysis - The Prospects for Realism - Appendix: The Philosophical Bogeyman - References - Index


A guide to information resources on Hitler for your GCSE History topic, compiled by your Librarians. Interactive lesson and storyboard, games and quizzes


International and national guidelines and regulations to limit the inadvertent transfer of non-native species on the submerged surfaces of vessels and mobile infrastructure are progressing. However, methods to assess compliance must be developed to assist both regulators and industry. While there is a history of biofouling inspections in maritime industries, including commercial shipping and infrastructure, such surveys are tailored for vessel safety and performance rather than being driven by biosecurity purposes. Thus, these inspections are likely inadequate for confirming compliance with biosecurity regulations. To determine regulatory compliance, agencies will likely rely on a combination of risk profiling, assessment of documentation of biofouling management, archival data and images, and real-time in-water surveys made by divers or remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) specific to biosecurity regulations. Divers may exceed ROVs at finding organisms in recesses and other topographically complex areas, and when regulations require confirmation of species identity or viability. In contrast, ROVs may be well suited for regulations that establish upper thresholds on biofouling levels with little concern for organism identity or condition. Several factors will inform how a survey is conducted, including cost, the type of data required by regulations, environmental conditions, safety, and logistics. Survey designs and requirements should be transparent to manage industry's expectations of border procedures, to increase the efficiency with which industry and agencies manage biofouling and potentially align the evaluation of best practices in hull and niche area maintenance across jurisdictions.


DESCRIPTION: Recent scientific and technological developments and innovations have significantly improved the quality of life and saved lives in the developed world. But, these developments are not introduced to the developing and underdeveloped countries. We still face unprecedented healthcare challenges in the 21st century. The prevalence of major diseases today, from the global AIDS pandemic to antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis, cuts across the healthcare, political, economic, social, and biomedical disciplines: These diseases will continue affecting the world unless major measures are taken to develop comprehensive prevention and treatment programs. Thus, engineers and scientists are expected to play a critical role in developing novel and affordable healthcare technology and medications to solve global healthcare problems, especially in the developing and underdevelop countries. The objectives of this special issue are to discuss the global healthcare systems, financing, delivery and management. We also focus on the recent technological advances in healthcare and their use in diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases, using novel technologies to develop new drugs, technology regulation, and ethical issues surrounding the use of novel technologies. The first paper, titled ''Microfluidics and Nanotechnology for Detection of Global Infectious Diseases'' by Damhorst et al., emphasizes the emergence of microfluidics and nanotechnologies and discusses the need for the tools of the submillimeter scale to overcome the shortcomings of the existing tools to meet the needs of people worldwide for simple, accessible diagnostic tests. It also discusses the urgent need for the commercialization and translation of microand nanotechnology-based diagnostics for HIV, TB, and malaria. Finally, the paper emphasizes the potential impact of these technologies in the lives of millions of people in the world's poorest regions that are disproportionately impacted by these life-treating infectious diseases. The second paper, titled ''Advances in nanotechnology and microfluidics for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) diagnostics'' by Tasoglu et al., focuses on the existing assays and platforms employed for HPV diagnosis, and highlights recent advances in nanotechnology and microfluidics that potentially enable new approaches for HPV diagnosis. It emphasizes the limitations of the currently used methods for rapid and inexpensive testing in large population groups and developing countries since instrumentation and technology for real-time PCR amplification is not available. It also discusses the urgent need for innovative and inexpensive diagnostic methods and platforms based on the integration of merging nanotechnologies and sensing methodologies for HPV diagnosis in clinics. The third paper, titled ''Wearable Sensors For Healthier Pregnancies'' This special issue discusses the financing, delivery, and management of global healthcare systems, and also focuses on the recent technological advances in healthcare and their use in diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases.


Penta(methoxy)(hydroxy)cyclotriphosphazene, N 3 P 3 (OMe),(OH) (I), reacts with acetyl and benzoyl chlorides in the presence or triethylamine to yield the phosphazene-carboxylate derivatives, N 3 P 3 (OMe),(OCOR) [R = Me (2)or Ph (3)], as shown by IR and PMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 2 and 3 react with primary amines to afford amides in 85 % yield.


A review and statistical analysis of the ultrasonic velocity method for estimating the porosity fraction in polycrystalline materials is presented. Initially, a semi-empirical model is developed showing the origin of the linear relationship between ultrasonic velocity and porosity fraction. Then, from a compilation of data produced by many researchers, scatter plots of velocity versus percent porosity data are shown for Al2O3, MgO, porcelain-based ceramics, PZT, SiC, Si3N4, steel, tungsten, UO2,(U0.30Pu0.70)C, and YBa2Cu3O(7-x). Linear regression analysis produced predicted slope, intercept, correlation coefficient, level of significance, and confidence interval statistics for the data. Velocity values predicted from regression analysis for fully-dense materials are in good agreement with those calculated from elastic properties.


OBJECTIVE:To provied valuable information for the reference of pharmaceutical factories,medical wholesale enterprises,medical institutes and government policy-making bodies.METHODS:The data of drugs purchased by14hospitals of Chongqing area in the last three years was collected and analyzed.RESULTS:The total cost of drugs used in14hospitals in2000~2002reached333million RMB in2000,409million RMB in2001and443million RMB in2002,which increased19.8%,22.82%and8.31%than that in the last year,repectively.CONCLUSION:The consumption of drugs in hospitals of Chongqing area is increasing year by year,however,effected by medical insurance policy and medicine bid,the increase is obviously slowing down.


(40−x)Na2O-xCuO-10Bi2O3-50P2O5 glasses (0 h x h 40) were prepared and studied. Their density, molar volume, glass transition temperature and IR spectroscopy have been investigated in order to understand the structural role of Bi2O3 and CuO in these glasses. In the sodium bismo-phosphate glass, the structures consist of some phosphate chains linked together through P-O-Bi bonds. When copper oxide is added to sodium bismo-phosphate glass, phosphate chains are depolymerised by the incorporation of Cu through P-O-Cu bonds. The former bonds are the origin of the partial glass forming ability of Bi3+ and Cu2+.


The peoposed paper is devoted to the study of the possibility of using renewable energy sources in the territory of the Russian Federation. The Far Eastern Federal District was chosen for the analysis, where the use of renewable energy is one of the priority areas for the development of the region and it has a high potential. The paper analyzes the operation of three stations, considers the level of emissions of harmful substances depending on the type of fuel per unit of produced capacity of these facilities, it considers the possibility of replacing stations with alternative power plants powered by wind and solar energy. A conclusion is made about the costs of installing alternative power plants and operating costs. The statement of reasons for replacing traditional stations with capacities of more than 100 MW with alternative ones is given. A comparison of the use of renewable energy sources during their operation for facilities with full autonomy is made. The significance of the results of this paper is characterized by the possibility of their use in building short-term and long-term prospects for the state of the renewable energy sector, and the results can be used to develop recommendations for the implementation of projects based on renewable energy resources.


The invention relates to the field of medicine, and discloses meloxicam tablets for dogs and cats and a preparation method for the meloxicam tablets. The preparation method mainly comprises: a mixing step, a granulation step, a drying step, a granulation straightening step, a granule mixing step and a tabletting step. The meloxicam tablets consist of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1 to 0.6 percent of meloxicam, 50 to 70 percent of lactose, 20 to 40 percent of microcrystalline cellulose, 3 to 5 percent of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of sodium citrate, 1 to 5 percent of cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, 4 to 8 percent of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30, 0.2 to 0.8 percent of aspartame and 0.60 to 2 percent of magnesium stearate. The meloxicam tablets have small irritation on the intestines and stomach of the dogs and the cats, and are favorable for the absorption of active ingredients.


This article is centred on the life's story of the Czechoslovak instructor and aerobatics pilot, Josef Flekal. It emerges particularly from documents from the private family archive, specialist publications and from interviews with J. Flekal himself (conducted by Jiří Říha). The article describes Flekal's studies at flight schools, his successes in aerial acrobatics, his activities as a flight instructor in Czechoslovakia, his departure to Poland prior to the beginning of World War II, and his subsequent service as a flight instructor in Great Britain and in Canada. It also recalls his time spent in prison after World War II. It thus describes the story of a notable figure in Czechoslovak aviation, primarily in the 1930s and in the course of World War II.


Submitted for the MAR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Coherence control via dynamical decoupling of an electron spin in a quantum dot WENXIAN ZHANG, V.V. DOBROVITSKI, NIKOLAOS KONSTANTINIDIS, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA, LEA F. SANTOS, LORENZA VIOLA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA, B.N. HARMON, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA — An electron spin in a quantum dot is a promising system for applications in coherent spintronics and quantum computation, but the interaction with the nuclear spins leads to fast decoherence. Subjecting the electron spin to a suitable pulsed control field decouples it from the nuclear spin bath and suppresses decoherence. We study numerically and analytically several most promising decoupling protocols, taking into account the intra-bath coupling, using fully quantum mechanical treatment of the system plus bath dynamics. We show that some high-level protocols extend the coherence time by 3 orders of magnitude for an arbitrary initial spin state. Moreover, we present the protocols which preserve a known initial state with near-to-optimal fidelity for arbitrarily long times. Wenxian Zhang Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA Date submitted: 21 Nov 2006 Electronic form version 1.4


We examined whether silibinin and resveratrol affect airway mucin production, degradation of IκB and trans-
location of NF-κB p65 induced by TNF-α in...


Contracting debt carriers two effects. Debt affects the return on equity ratio. Such effect is known as financial leverage. The second result is connected with a risk of losing continuity of operation due to problems with repayment of incurred credits and loans. This other result is a subject of constant debate in the economic literature. Nevertheless, in spite of an immense intellectual effort, the science still cannot provide precise instructions on what level of indebtedness is the best for a particular company. We have no exact answers as to what proportion between debt and capital and reserves is optimal. Still, the practice proves that different levels of indebtedness result in different consequences. In this paper I try to answer a couple of issues. How then do we decide about the ways of controlling the level of debt? At what level of indebtedness can we be sure that there is a danger to continuity of company's operation? How, using simple tools, can we assess the influence of indebtedness upon the possibility of losing continuity? What factors should we take into account when deciding about incurring debt?


Abstract : A study was undertaken to determine the effects of the interstitial impurities oxygen and carbon on the mechanical properties of polycrystalline tungsten and high-purity tungsten single crystals. Results of tensile tests showed that additions of both oxygen and carbon to polycrystalline tungsten produced a marked increase in the ductile to brittle transition temperature. Oxygen and carbon produced a much smaller increase in the transition temperature of the single-crystal specimens compared with equivalent amounts of impurities in the polycrystalline specimens. Addition of oxygen to polycrystalline tungsten lowered both the ultimate tensile strength and the yield strength, but had no measurable effect on the strength properties of single-crystal specimens. Carbon additions to both polycrystalline and single-crystal specimens did not affect the ultimate tensile strength; however, a large increase in the yield strength resulted. The results suggest that oxygen embrittlement in tungsten is caused by grain-boundary segregation, while carbon embrittlement results from an interaction between carbon atoms and dislocations within the tungsten lattice.


Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disorder and represents the most common inherited condition leading to death in Western countries. Previous reports of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in CF focus on cases post lung, or other solid organ, transplantation but CKD in CF patients pre transplantation is increasingly recognized as a challenging complication of CF. CKD can evolve as a sequel to acute kidney injury for example after prolonged treatment with aminoglycoside antibiotics during episodes of infection. Nephrolithiasis, diabetic nephropathy and a variety of glomerular lesions, such as amyloidosis and Immunoglobulin A nephropathy are also seen. Muscle depletion is common in CF, hence creatinine-based estimates of kidney function may underestimate the degree of renal impairment and lead to delayed diagnosis and management. Improved treatment options for CF patients have resulted in a sustained increase in life expectancy with increasing numbers of CF patients with CKD approaching end-stage renal failure prior to consideration of lung transplantation. We believe that kidney or combined kidney-pancreas transplantation are under-utilized in this population. We provide a brief primer on the landscape of CF and CKD and discuss transplant options. Suitable patients with CF and advanced CKD should be formally assessed for kidney or kidney-pancreas transplantation.


In the case of performing split-screen displayed in the liquid crystal panel, it makes it possible to reduce the change in luminance and chromaticity between the divided sub-regions. The liquid crystal display includes a display panel; It is respectively provided corresponding for each sub area obtained by dividing the display area into a plurality of display panels, and for selectively illuminating the corresponding sub-area backlight; Monitoring means for each of the sub-zone, monitoring the light emission state of the corresponding back light and; On the basis of the monitoring result of the monitoring unit, and determines whether to display an image in which sub-area, with also assign the display image in the determined sub-area, display control means for controlling so as to fire the backlight corresponding to that sub-region It includes a. The liquid crystal display


This article considers the technologies of adaptation used in intelligent educational systems and proposes a model system based on multi-agent approach, describes the agents, their roles and algorithm of interaction.


Bitcoin, with its market value among cryptocurrencies and being the biggest in terms of its processing volume, carries great potential in terms of low cost, speedy processing and low-level risk while also bringing with it important global-level change and transformation. On the other hand, the fact that cryptocurrencies and Bitcoin specifically are new, of unclear legal status, and carry the risk of being involved in illegal activity, there is the potential for their use as an extremely volatile and speculative investment tool and have environmental effects. This study examines Bitcoin mining and blockchain technology and investigates the high amounts of energy consumed by Bitcoin and its environmental effects. It is argued that the energy consumed as a result of increased Bitcoin mining will have environmental and social consequences, such as global warming and climate change.


With increasing consumer awareness of risks associated with a high-fat-intake diet, the market for reduced calorie fats has been expanding. Ten different ratios of ternary blends of palm mid-fraction (PMF), palm stearin (POs) and olive oil (OO) were formulated. The solid fat content of all blends at 37C was in the range of 0.00–24.88%, slip melting points ranged from 0.3 to 53.4C, free fatty acid ranged from 0.14 to 0.34% and iodine value ranged from 35.15 to 87.69%. Fatty acid composition analysis demonstrated that all blends were high in palmitic (12.35–59.95%) and oleic (27.27–71.62%) acids. Higher melting enthalpy was shown by blends with higher degree of saturation. Ternary blends of OO with PMF and POs may be suitable for producing shortening and cocoa butter substitutes with better characteristics than individual oils and fats.

Practical Applications
To fulfill the increasing demand for low-calorie and healthy foods, many studies have been done with a new oil or fat blend with better nutritional value and reduced calories. Oil blending is a common technique practiced and it is cheaper and involves minimum production of by-products, which are potentially hazardous to health. Blending of palm mid-fraction (PMF), palm stearin (POs) and olive oil was shown to produce an alternative oil source with better physicochemical properties and nutritional value. The ternary oil/fat blend was found to exhibit better oxidative stability and may be suitable as a cocoa butter substitute.


Almost every woman has experienced menstrual cycle irregularities. Strenuous physical activity is known as one of the factors that women experience menstrual cycle disorders. This study aims to obtain survey data on physical activity on the menstrual cycle of FIKKM UNDIKMA students in 2021. The design of this research is descriptive quantitative with a survey method. The population in this study were 132 students of FIKKM UNDIKMA class 2021 with a sample size of 40 respondents. In this study using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and analysis using Chi-Square Test. The results of the study of respondents who experienced irregular menstruation on light activities were 4 people (10%), moderate physical activity were 2 people (5%), and heavy physical activity was 11 people (27.5%). Respondents who experienced regular menstruation on physical activity were 10 people (25%), moderate physical activity were 12 people (30%), and heavy physical activity was 1 person (2.5%). Analysis of the relationship obtained x2 count (7.3) > x2 table (5.991) which means H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted which means there is a relationship between physical activity and menstrual cycle disorders. It is expected that respondents who have light physical activity can increase physical activity with sufficient exercise, while those who have heavy physical activity are expected to reduce their activity a little so that the menstrual cycle is not disturbed


Recommender systems intend to help users find their interested items from among a large number of items. We continue our previous work that emphasizes on "prioritized user-profile" approach as an effective approach to increase the quality of the recommendations. Prioritized user-profile is an approach that tries to implement more personalized recommendation by assigning different priority importance to each of the features of the user-profile for different users. In order to find the optimal priorities for each user an optimization algorithm is needed. In this paper, we employ a new optimization algorithm namely invasive weed optimization (IWO) for this purpose. IWO is a relatively new and simple algorithm inspired from the invasive habits of growth of weeds in nature. Experimental results showed that IWO achieved the best accuracy in predicting users' interests compared to two other prioritized approaches which were based on genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) and to standard user-based Pearson algorithm on a movie dataset.


We conducted a prospective study to measure the clinical impact of an explainable machine learning system on interobserver agreement in chest radiograph interpretation. The AI system, which we call as it VinDr-CXR when used as a diagnosis-supporting tool, significantly improved the agreement between six radiologists with an increase of 1.5% in mean Fleiss' Kappa. In addition, we also observed that, after the radiologists consulted AI's suggestions, the agreement between each radiologist and the system was remarkably increased by 3.3% in mean Cohen's Kappa. This work has been accepted for publication in IEEE Access and this paper is our short version submitted to the Midwest Machine Learning Symposium (MMLS 2023), Chicago, IL, USA.


The text presents a contribution to the study of territoriality of violent non-state actors in areas of limited internal state power projection. It presents the strategy of liquid territoriality as a survival strategy of the territorial violent non-state actors, as well as a strategy to develop protostate structures. It builds on three pillars – minimal opposition of (primarily external) state security services, support from the local population, and the ability to reflect the dynamic development of power distribution. This strategy is later applied to Al-Shabaab. This application helps us to better understand not only the territorial development of the movement but also the limits of territorial control of violent non-state actors in general.


Current "condition based maintenance decision making" of power transformers has not taken reliability and economy into consideration generally, which will cause large financial losses to electric enterprises. To solve this problem, a maintenance decision making model based on life cycle cost analysis was established to select the best maintenance strategy for transformers. After building the relationship between the fault rate and the comprehensive health index, a reliability evaluation model was formed to simulate the impact of different maintenance types. Considering the reliability and the life cycle cost of transformers, a new maintenance decision making model was developed to choose the best maintenance strategy based on the current condition of transformers. A case was studied and the results demonstrate that the proposed method offers an improved maintenance strategy.


Stow et al., (1982) have recently published a paper on the Brae area of the UK North Sea in which they interpret the Upper Jurassic reservoir section as a series of submarine fans. They clearly disagree with Harms et al., (1981) on the interpretation of the South Brae development area, where the reservoir was interpreted as part of a fan-delta system. An interested reader might wonder about these differences in interpretation when two groups of geologists review the same data and also about the practical significance of these differences when applied to field development and operation.


This article presents a novel structure of stripline which is made of sandwich structure composed of printed circuit board (PCB) and polymethacrylimide foam, and a loss reduction design is carried out. Compared with the traditional air stripline structure, the weight of proposed structure is reduced by more than 80% with the transmission loss slightly increases. The transmission loss of this stripline structure is significantly lower than that of PCB and low‐temperature cofired ceramic stripline structure. A section of transmission line is fabricated and measured for verification; the measured results are in good agreement with the theoretical simulation, and it shows about 0.1 dB per 100 mm of transmission loss at C band.


Objective To understand the characteristic of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori, Hp) phenotypes and evaluate the clinical significance of phenotype differentiation. Methods 132 patients with gastroduodenal diseases and 20 volunteers without symptoms were observed. 132 patients were diagnosed as chronic gastritis (CG)(n=81),peptic ulcer (PU)(n=36)and gastric cancer (GC)(n=15) by endoscopy and histology. Western blotting was used to detect serum antibody to H.pylori, cytotoxin-associated protein (CagA),vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA),urease,flagellin and outer membrane protein (OMP). Results The infection rates of type I strain in volunteers group without symptoms, group CG, PU group and GC group were 35%, 51.85%, 88.89% and 93.33% respectively, showing significant differences between volunteers group without symptoms, group CG and PU group, GC group (P 0.005). The expression rate of OMP in GC group and CG group were higher than that of PU group and volunteers group without marked symptoms (P 0.001). Conclusion Type I strain of Hp may be more pathogenic than type II strain in leading to gastric cancer. These low-molecular mass OMP should be taken as a marker for screening gastric cancer. Western blotting is a highly sensitive, specific, simple reliable, rapid and noninvasive test for detecting seurm antibody to Hp.


Verbs, particles, adjectives and conjunctions need to be understood well in learning Japanese. From a variety of verbs that exist, the author conducted an analysis of semantic field of the verbs "iiwake suru" and "benkai suru" which have the same meaning yet different usage. A literature review is applied in this study by taking data from a Japanese newspaper website asahi.com. The purpose of this study is to determine the function of the verb "suru iiwake" and "benkai suru" and to indentify when to use the verb "suru iiwake" and when to use the verb "suru benkai". After conducting an analysis of three articles containing verb "suru iiwake" and three articles containing verb "suru benkai", the authors conclude that "iiwake suru" means both 'argue' and 'do self-defense'. Besides, "iiwake suru" can be used in various types of articles. Meanwhile, "benkai suru" means both 'do selfprotect' and 'do self-defense'. In addition, "benkai suru" is used generally in law field especially those of related to court decision. "iwake" and "benkai" also have a similarity that is generally used with negative form.


Originally, institutional theory posited that cultural change emanates from the interplay of technological innovations and cultural institutions, learned behaviors verified by ceremonial processes. Ceremonies derive their legitimacy from myths and legends, and are static and resistant to change; things are done the way the ancestors did them. Technological innovations provide the ability to do new things or to do old things in new ways, and are thus dynamic, and foster institutional change. There is a never-ending interplay between the forward push of technology and the backward resistance of institutions and ceremonies. Ceremony and technology are opposite sides of the same coin and inextricably bound in complex ways. Some of the current literature seems to over-simplify institutionalism, producing misleading results regarding its relevance to modern problems. This paper reviews the "old time" institutionalism and applies it to the conduct of information systems research. It is shown that logical positivism is the mythical basis of North American IS research, that statistical methodologies are its tools, the scientific method is its ceremony, and that the process of "scientific" IS research wastes scarce intellectual capacity, which only ensures its scarcity.


The spirobolidan millipede Acladocricus setigerus (Silvestri, 1897) grows to at least 155 mm long and is so far known only from Chuuk Islands, Micronesia. It occurs mainly in well-shaded habitats, usually on the forest floor and on tree trunks. It sprays defensive secretions from paired, lateral ozopores on trunk segments; the major compounds, identified here for the first time, are benzoquinones. The secretion stains human skin a reddish brown and causes a slight burning sensation, occasionally followed by slight blistering and exfoliation.


BACKGROUND
In India, tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is still a major cause of neurological disabilities and death.

AIM
To identify the clinical variables which predict the outcome in childhood TBM.

SETTING
Tertiary teaching hospital.

DESIGN
Prospective observational study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-six clinical variables were analyzed in 123 consecutive children with TBM admitted between May 2000 and August 2003. The outcome was assessed in terms of survival or death. Survival meant that the patient was discharged from hospital having made a complete recovery, or with disability.

RESULTS
Twenty-five (20%) children recovered completely, 70 (57%) survived with disability, and 28 (23%) died. Employing univariate analysis nine variables correlated with survival with disability outcome: presence of tonic motor posturing, cranial nerve palsy, focal neurological deficit, hypertonia, moderate to severe hydrocephalus, cerebral infarction on cranial CT, and requiring shunt surgery, and absence of extracranial tuberculosis and no antituberculous-related hepatotoxicity; two variables correlated with fatal outcome: presence of deep coma (Glasgow coma scale score P = 0.012, d.f. = 1, OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.62) correlated with survival with disability outcome, and presence of deep coma (P = 0.030, d.f. = 1, OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.14-0.90) with fatal outcome.

CONCLUSION
In children with TBM, the presence of hypertonia at admission is an independent predictor of neurological sequelae in survivors, and deep coma is an independent predictor of mortality.


Fluoxetine (FLX), a widely used antidepressant primarily acting as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been shown to exhibit other mechanisms of action in various cell types. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger used for intracellular signal induction. Cyclic AMP is a nucleotide synthesized within the cell from adenosine triphosphate by the adenylyl cyclase enzyme, and is inactivated enzymatically to 5′AMP by hydroxylation with a group of enzymes called phosphodiesterase. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of FLX on MLTC-1 Leydig cells on intracellular cyclic AMP response to forskolin (FSK). MLTC-1 cells were incubated at 37°C in media supplemented with or without different doses of FLX (0, 0.156, 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 μM). We then looked for how the concentration of FLX for a short-time (2 hours) and a long-time (24 hours) affects the concentration of intracellular cyclic AMP response to FSK and ATP levels on MLTC-1 cells. Our results show that FLX decreased the intracellular cAMP response to FSK depending on FLX concentration. FLX decreased significantly cAMP levels only at 10 μM after 2 hours of incubation but after 24 hours of incubation FLX caused an effect on cAMP levels at 5 μM and at 10 μM. Moreover, as expected, FLX also caused a decline of steroidogenesis, which is under the control of cAMP and ATP levels in the cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the inhibition of cAMP synthesis by FLX is dose-dependent, and that FLX also inhibited hormone-induced steroidogenesis in MLTC-1 cells.


This paper deals with the idea of a social market economy and the norm of social justice from a historical point of view. A comparison of the concepts of ordo-liberalism on the one hand and economic and social policy in Germany after the Second World War on the other hand shows that the implementation of the main ethical postulates of the founders of ordo-liberalism has been carried out by means and institutions, which are quite different from the instruments proposed by Eucken, Ropke, Rustow, and Muller-Armack. Nevertheless, it can be substantiated that most of the ethical foundations of ordo-liberalism had a very decisive influence on economic and social policy in Germany after 1945. Subsequently, the paper investigates the limitations of this political and economic approach, especially with regard to the problem of path dependence, and analyzes some possibil ities to achieve the ethical postulates of the founders of ordo-liberalism under the economic conditions of our time.


FROM EXPERIENCE GAINED IN CONDUCTING THREE COMPREHENSIVE ORIGIN AND DESTINATION SURVEYS FOR THE STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION OF INDIANA AND THE SUBSEQUENT PREPARATION OF TRAFFIC SURVEY AND HIGHWAY PLAN REPORTS, A DISCUSSION IS PRESENTED OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR THE SELECTION OF URBAN EXPRESSWAY ROUTES AND THE DETERMINATION OF THEIR PERCENT OF USAGE BY VEHICLES. THE SELECTION OF EXPRESSWAY ROUTES, BECAUSE OF THE INTRICACIES INVOLVED, CANNOT BE EXPRESSED IN MATHEMATICAL TERMS, BUT RATHER MUST CONSIDER THE MAJOR DESIRE LINE GRAPHS AS THE PRIMARY BASIS FOR SELECTION COORDINATED WITH AN INTIMATE KNOWLEDGE OF THE CITY APPLIED TO LAND USE, SANBORN AND CITY MAPS, AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND AN INTENSIVE FIELD RECONNAISSANCE. THE EXTENT TO WHICH VEHICLES WILL USE THE EXPRESSWAY IS SHOWN TO DEPEND ON THE EXPRESSWAY DISTANCE (THE LENGTH OF THE EXPRESSWAY PORTION OF THE TRIP), THE ACCESS DISTANCE (THE LENGTH OF CITY STREETS USED TO ENTER AND LEAVE THE EXPRESSWAY IN CONNECTION WITH A TRIP), AND THE ADVERSE DISTANCE (THE INCREASED DISTANCE REQUIRED FOR THE TRIP VIA THE EXPRESSWAY AS COMPARED TO A MORE DIRECT ROUTE USING THE CITY STREETS. SPEEDS ON THE EXPRESSWAY WERE ASSUMED AS TWICE THOSE ON CITY STREETS. FROM THESE CONCEPTIONS AN EXPRESSION WAS OBTAINED TO PROVIDE A RATIONAL METHOD FOR COMPUTING THE ACTUAL PERCENT USAGE OF EXPRESSWAY. LABORIOUS CALCULATIONS INVOLVED IN THE APPLICATION OF THE FORMULA ARE ELIMINATED BY THE USE OF A GRAPH OR MECHANICAL DEVICE DEVELOPED IN CONNECTION WITH THE STUDY. /AUTHOR/


Based on Brownian motion, diffusion statement of proton hydro inside body is one of the most important variables affected on the diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease response to treatment. There are some different kinds of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging types such as diffusion-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion imaging, zoom diffusion imaging, and diffusion spectrum imaging. In this short communication, we aimed to introduce clinical applications of these diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging types.


The 45-degree cone failure theory has been used for concrete anchor bolts design, but the CCD method was adopted since 2,000. However, the method was allowed only for anchor diameter less than 50mm and embedment depth less than 635mm because it is based on the experimental results from medium-to-small size anchor bolts. Actually, large size bolts greater than M50 have used in plant structures, therefore, it is necessary to develop a design equation for large-size anchor bolts. In this study, tension tests on M56 anchor bolts with effective embedment depth 400~450mm in uncracked concrete has been performed and evaluation of concrete breakout capacity on large-to-medium size anchor bolts together with the test results which was performed in Korea recently.


This paper specifies how to construct and validate an intellectual capital (IC) measurement scale on the basis of management perceptions. In order to construct the scales, a process based on the works of Churchill and DeVellis, complemented by the Delphi technique and structural equations models was used. The use of this methodology was illustrated in an empirical study carried out in the biotechnology and telecommunication sectors. As a result, a validated instrument for IC research is obtained in view of the faithful and rigorous measurement of its key construct.


Two-dimensional (2D) compressor flow simulation software has always been a very valuable tool in compressor preliminary design studies, as well as in compressor performance assessment operating under uniform and non-uniform inlet conditions. This type of software can also be used as a supplementary teaching tool. In this context, a new streamline curvature (SLC) software has been developed capable of analyzing the flow inside a compressor in two dimensions. The software was developed to provide great flexibility in the sense that it can be used as: (a) a performance prediction tool for compressors of a known design, (b) a development tool to assess the changes in performance of a known compressor after implementing small geometrical changes, (c) a design tool to verify and refine the outcome of a preliminary compressor design analysis, and (d) a teaching tool to provide the student with an insight of the 2D flow field inside a compressor and how this could be effectively predicted using the SLC method combined with various algorithms and cascade models. Apart from describing in detail the design, structure, and execution of the SLC software, this paper also stresses the importance of developing robust, well thought-out software and highlights the main areas a potential programmer should focus on in order to achieve this. This text also highlights the programming features incorporated into the development of the software in order to make it amenable for teaching purposes. The paper reviews in detail the set of cascade models incorporated for subsonic and supersonic flow, for design and off-design operating conditions. More-over, the methods used for the prediction of surge and choke are discussed in detail. The code has been validated against experimental results, which are presented in this paper together with the strong and weak points of this first version of the software and the potential for future development. Finally, an indicative case study is presented in which the shift of streamlines and radial velocity profiles is demonstrated under the influence of two sets of compressor inlet boundary conditions.


Method and system for the input of audio clips during a voice call between a calling party A and at least a called party B, wherein at least one of subscriber A or B via the telecommunication terminal (2a; 2b), a desired audio clip is recorded in the voice call by pressing a key , in which - from subscriber A a telecommunications network (1) eingebundener VFS server (3) is called, so that a connection is made V1 between the subscriber A and the VFS server (3), - from the subscriber A, the telephone number of subscriber B in the VFS server (3) is transmitted, whereupon the VFS server (3), a compound V2 between the VFS server (3) and the subscriber B prepared - from VFS server (3) the compounds are connected together V1 and V2, so that the voice communications between subscriber A and subscriber B is possible, - by the VFS server (3), at least the connection is monitored on V1 selected by the telecommunication terminal (3) by the associated subscriber A DTMF tones, - so that depending on the detected DTMF tone in accordance with a VFS server (3) stored linking an associated audio clip in the voice call between subscriber A and subscriber B is played.


The taking place system of image of BianZhilin's poems concludes three aspects: in the choosing of image , the poet tries to find the balance between expressing of strong feeling and abstract deliberation. In the using of image ,the poet uses all kinds of writing techniques successfully and ways from single and collective image. The displaying of artistic effect means the end of the taking place system of image.


In this paper,we introduce the implementation of virtual instrument based on sound card,which sim ulates the basic functions of oscilloscope,signal generator and frequency meter.At the same time,we account for the design flow of hardware and software.This instrument is applicable for gath-ering and generation of sig nals in audio frequency range.[


The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is a primary emergent property of the biosphere, yet the cause(s) of this pattern are still debated. Key to many hypotheses is the origins and maintenance of tropical hyperdiversity, and the role of climate in driving low latitude speciation. Here, we analyse patterns of tropical and extratropical floral diversification and migration during the early Palaeogene "greenhouse" interval, to shed further light on the relationship between climatic change, latitude and floral diversity.


The research from self-organization theory has provided very beneficial help to understand the growth mechanism and the power of urban.Many self-organizing urban models have explained the many dimensions of urban growth according to their own perspective of interpretation.In fact,self-organization city models have only shown the macroscopic mechanism and process of urban growth,as for micro explanation based on active agent comes from the study of Complex Adaptive System(CAS) theory and Multi-Agent System(MAS) theory.The adaptability based on active agent is the core concept of CAS theory,thus shows the relationship between the individual active behavior and the system evolution.The characteristic of CAS has many dimensions;firstly,all active agents get effective adaptability to environment,so system has the ability to evolve too;secondly,there is very complicated nonlinear interaction not only among the active agents,but also between the active agents and active environment,which creates the emergence of system;thirdly,interaction among active agents will bring about complex macroscopic phenomena.Based on the study of CAS theory,MAS theory goes further into the analysis on the interaction between each active agent and subsystem agent,so it perfectly builds the inner link among active agents,subsystem and the conversion of system structure and system level,which is in the process of system evolution.In fact,CAS theory and MAS theory are the basis of this paper.Specifically,it is the original dynamic of urban self-organization which results from the active agent's pursuing continuous adaptability;it is internal reason that urban self-adaptability is also the source of urban network's formation and continuous growth.Individual move to city for work in order to improve adaptability by getting the higher economic potential nodes in division of network;enterprises agglomerate in city to get better adaptability by taking advantage of higher transaction efficiency,lower transaction costs and lager market space.In fact,the process of urban self-organization is the same strategy and behavior of individual and enterprise.


This paper deals with the methodology used in the test development of the ADM9240, ADM1021 and ADM1024 hardware monitoring devices. It will concentrate on the design for testability (DFT) features incorporated into the devices, which enable the competing goals of high quality levels and minimum test cost to be achieved. Many DFT features were implemented in these devices but this paper will concentrate on two in particular, the analogue to digital converter (ADC) test features and the digital core test features. Firstly we look at the application for the devices, and the subsequent customer requirements. We then examine the ADM1021 device in particular and highlight the testability problems with the part if a DFT approach was not taken. The details of the DFT approach taken, and the benefits of this approach will then be discussed. Lastly we will look at how the approach is being developed and refined for future products.


Sleep is an important life style component and its deprivation is a risk for type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms and the therapeutic target of sleep deprivation induced glucose intolerance are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of sleep deprivation induced glucose intolerance focusing on liver. We established a mouse model of sleep deprivation induced glucose intolerance using C57BL/6J male mice. Single 6 hours sleep deprivation by gentle handling method in fasted condition induced glucose intolerance. Interestingly, hepatic glucose production assessed by pyruvate challenge test was significantly increased, and hepatic triglyceride content was also increased in 67% in the sleep deprivation mice compared to freely sleeping control mice. To explore the molecular mechanisms of sleep deprivation induced hepatic steatosis, hepatic metabolites and gene expressions were comprehensively evaluated using metabolome and microarray analyses. Hepatic metabolites such as acetyl CoA, 3β-hydroxybutyric acid, and some acylcarnitines were significantly increased in sleep deprivation group, suggesting increased lipid oxidation in the liver. In contrast, hepatic gene expressions of Elovl3, Lpin1, Plin4, Plin5 and Acot1 that play a lipogenic role were significantly increased 2.7, 4.5, 3.7, 2.9, and 2.8 times respectively in sleep deprivation group compared to control group, confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. The increased lipogenic gene expressions may partly explain the sleep deprivation induced hepatic steatosis. Conclusion: Single 6 hours sleep deprivation caused hepatic steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance in fasted C57BL/6J mice. Increased hepatic lipogenic enzymes raised above may be potential therapeutic targets for the sleep deprivation induced hepatic steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance. Disclosure F. Shigiyama: None. N. Kumashiro: Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. F. Yoshikawa: None. Y. Tsuneoka: None. H. Funato: None. T. Hirose: Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca. Research Support; Self; Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K.. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Novartis Pharma K.K.. Research Support; Self; Takeda Development Center Asia, Pte. Ltd.. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Takeda Development Center Asia, Pte. Ltd.. Research Support; Self; Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; MSD K.K.. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; MSD K.K.. Research Support; Self; Sanofi K.K.. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Sanofi K.K.. Research Support; Self; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation. Research Support; Self; Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited. Research Support; Self; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc..


To date, research results suggest that task repetition positively affects oral task performance. However, researchers have not yet shown the extension of the benefits of repeating the same task to performance of a new task. This article first provides an overview of the currently available research findings on task repetition and then presents the results of a six-month study which aimed to find out whether or not the effects of massed repetitions of the same task carry over to performance of a new task. Thirty intermediate EFL learners from two intact classes participated in this study. Participants in the experimental group were required to engage in a dialogic narrative task on Occasions 1 to 11 and then an interview task on Occasion 12, each occasion being two weeks apart. Participants in the control group, meanwhile, were only required to perform the oral narrative task at Time 1 and to engage in the interview task at Time 12. Results revealed that massed repetitions of the same task assisted subjects in the experimental group to outperform those in the control group in terms of complexity and fluency but not accuracy. In conclusion, it is claimed that the benefits of massed repetitions of the same task transfer to performance of a new task but not necessarily in all areas of performance.


The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical approach, which can evaluate anharmonic effects on the rate constants within the transition state theory. In treating unimolecular reactions under collision-free conditions by using the RRKM theory, we make use of the inverse Laplace transformation of the partition functions to obtain both the total number of states for the activated complex and density of states for the reactant with the Morse oscillator potential. To demonstrate the applications of our theoretical approach, we choose some model systems and a real reaction as examples.


In developing attitude assessments in primary schools, a teacher needs to implement effective strategies. Teachers can use a variety of observation techniques on a regular basis to observe student behavior in the classroom context and activities outside the classroom. Teachers can also engage students in self-reflection and peer assessment to gain a more holistic understanding of their attitudes. The method used uses literature study research, where researchers obtain information through documents such as journals, books, and other literature reviews. The result of this study is that by analyzing in-depth, the affective realm refers to one of three domains in Bloom's taxonomy known as Bloom's Revised Taxonomy. This field deals with aspects of emotions, attitudes, and values in learning. A teacher needs to use a variety of strategies that involve creating a supportive environment, setting a positive example, integrating values in teaching, providing time and space for reflection and discussion.


On the basis of the meeting the demand of the aged in material aspect,culture to provide for the aged taking the physical and mental health and spiritual joviality of the aged as a goal is a new way of providing for the aged. At present,the culture to provide for the aged in state-owned enterprise is faced with such problems as the lack of cognition and insufficient investment. In this paper,combined with the enterprise reality,the propulsion mode of culture to provide for the aged in state-owned enterprise is analyzed.


The work was aimed at identifying the incidence of fetal wastage in ruminants slaughtered at Bauchi state Abattoir. Five hundred and sixteen ruminants were slaughtered and one hundred and twenty-nine fetuses were recovered. The study was carried out in eight weeks, with the sexes of the fetuses determined by visual observation, after evisceration. Measuring tape was used to measure the crown rump of the fetuses in inches thereby calculating the ages of the fetuses in months with reference to heary's law. Total economic loss due to fetal wastage was estimated as well. In line with the obtained data on the potential hazards associated with fetal wastage, it is advised that there should be veterinary checks, including pregnancy diagnosis at cattle controlled posts and abattoirs. Slaughtering of animals for meat purposes should also be under check, to avoid fetal wastage, which is highly unethical and contrary to the international Standard Rules of slaughter.


Fluorinated organic compounds have received increasing attention due to their unique biological nature in medicinal science and peerlessly excellent property in material science. And thus, a lot of methods for synthesizing highly functionalized fluorinated organic compounds and a number of suitably designed fluorinating reagents have been developed in recent years, most of which have been well documented in excellent reviews and books. However, no review on unique utilization of fluorine(F2) for functionalizing or synthesizing fluorine-free organic compounds has been published. This review involves the fluorine-promoted functionalizations such as oxidations of thiophenes to thiophene S,S-dioxides, pyridines and quinolines to the corresponding N-oxides, and amino group to nitro group along with direct hydroxylation and iodination of aromatics, epoxidation of electron-deficient alkenes, and direct functionalization of 2-position of pyridines. Almost instantaneous oxygen transfer reactions under mild conditions and effective generations of hydoxylium and iodonium ion equivalents otherwise impossible characterize the fluorine-promoted functionalizations.


The efficient foliage fertilizer consists of nutritive macro-elements, nutritive trace elements and other components, and it has obvious yield increasing and quality improving effect.


There has recently been a number of books on the Christian understanding of atonement. What has been fascinating for me is the extent to which these books do, or more often do not, use the Old Testament material on atonement as the basis for what they have to say. The New Testament speaks in a variety of ways about atonement and this has become the centre of Christian dogmatics; but this 'atonement' is only loosely related to its Old Testament roots. Did the first Christians, then, radically alter what was understood by atonement, or was this radical alteration made by subsequent expositors of their ideas? The latter is more likely; in other words, the original 'model' for New Testament theology has been lost.


Waza National Park, Cameroon, is representative of trends towards more participatory protected area management in Africa. It has no transition zone and interactions with the surrounding human population are complex. A recently adopted management plan allows experiments with limited consumptive use of natural resources, in exchange for people's collaboration. In order to determine which resources are desired and which resources are liabilities, people in the Park's vicinity were interviewed. Respondents' attitudes towards conservation were positive, motivated by both use and intrinsic values, and with reference to future generations. Attitudes were significantly related to locally perceived benefits. Respondents found most of the Park's resources useful but differences between user groups were significant. User groups also differed in their complaints about human-wildlife conflicts, but overall they considered the animals most important for tourism as the main nuisance. This case study shows that local aspirations cannot all be met, but indicates that limited outreach can improve existing public support for conservation measures.


[Abstract] An experimental investigation of aerodynamic drag reduction by counter flow plasma jet injection from the stagnation region of a hemispherical blunt cylinder model flying at hypersonic Mach numbers are presented. Experiments are carried out in a hypersonic shock tunnel at four different jet - to -pitot pressure ratio and differ ent supply powers. The flow fields around the test model are visualized using high speed schlieren technique. Direct force measurement is also performed using a single component accelerometer balance. The weakly ionized argon plasma jet has an electron tem perature around 6400K a nd electron number density ~4.9 X10 15 cm -3 . With plasma jet at pressure ratio 72.5 and 1.8 KW supply power the reduction in drag is found to be ~28% (more than its cold jet counter part) although the plasma jet momentum is less than i ts cold jet counter part.


Various 4-substituted 1,2,3-benzotriazines (2, 6, 7) have been prepared and of particular interest was the 4-azido derivative (11) as a potential azidotetrazolo tautomerism exhibiting compound. However, no such interconversion could be established and this compound exists exclusively in the azido form. 2,5-bis-(Arylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (9) have been found to result from the reaction between 4-hydrazino-1,2,3-benzotriazine and aryl isothiocyanates. In addition, a ring opening reaction between 4-hydrazino-1,2,3-benzotriazine gave 2-(tetrazol-5″-yl)-2′,4′-dihy-droxyazobenzene (10) and photochemical conversion of the 4-azido derivative gave s-tetrazino-[2,3-b:5,6-b′]diindazole(12).


AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of antianxiety drugs on the rats with restraint stress. METHODS: The rat stress model was made by restraint stress. The behaviors of rats were tested in open field conditions, and the expression of c fos positive cells was detected by S P immunohistochemical assay in hypothalamus. RESULTS: The crossing scores, the rearing scores and the expression of c fos positive cells increased more significantly in the other groups than that in the control group, but decreased in the paroxetine group. The paroxetine inhibited the behaviors and the expression of c fos positive cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of rats after immobilization stress. CONCLUSION: The effects of paroxetine on the anxiety disorders in rats may be related to the downregulation of the expression of the c fos in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN).


In this paper, an optimized detection based on log-maximum a posteriori estimation with the fixed number of surviving states (fixed-state Log-MAP) is proposed cooperating with equalizers to deal with spectral distortions for intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) optical transmission systems. The equalizers compensate the spectral distortions caused by limited bandwidth and chromatic dispersion, and the optimized detection decodes the useful bits from equalized symbols with severe colored in-band noise. To more accurately extract the bits, the optimized detection with larger memory length is required. However, the classical optimized detection based on maximum likelihood-sequence estimation (MLSE) requires exponential-growing computational complexity and storage space with the increase of memory length. The fixed-state Log-MAP detection can decrease the computational complexity and storage space from the exponential order to linear order. Therefore, the fixed-state Log-MAP detection can support larger memory length to more accurately extract bits with less logic gate resources and storage resources compared to MLSE. We experimentally verified the fixed-state Log-MAP detection in a C-band 64Gbit/s IM/DD on-off keying optical system over a 100km dispersion-uncompensated link. The fixed-state Log-MAP detection not only improves the receiver sensitivity of 2dB, but also reduces the computational complexity and storage space by three orders of magnitude.


This paper examines the related concepts of civic skills/engagement and life skills across three national contexts—the United States, Sweden, and India. Within the paper, we explore cross-national ...


• Psoriasis is also associated with decreased Aortic Distensibility (AD), provides an ideal clinical model to study inflammatory atherogenesis. Hypothesis • Whether improvement in aortic vascular inflammation by FDG PET/CT is associated with improvement in aortic distensibility by MRI is not known. • Thus, we hypothesized that an improvement in vascular inflammation would lead to an improvement in aortic distensibility at one-year. Acknowledgments This study was supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Intramural Research Program (HL006193-02). 1National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD Improvement in Aortic Vascular Inflammation by PET/CT Associates with Improvement in Aortic Distensibility by MRI at One-Year in Psoriasis


Between 1995-2000, the LEP e+e- collider has been operated above the Z0 peak, at centre-of-mass energies sqrt(s) = 130-209 GeV. Searches for supersymmetric particles have been performed using these data samples. The results from the four LEP experiments have been combined. Model independent limits on the pair-production cross-sections of supersymmetric particles and constraints on their masses are presented in the context of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and in the context of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking models (GMSB). Results assuming an R-parity violating scenario are also reviewed.


Connectivity atypicalities in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been extensively proposed. The default mode network (DMN) is critical in this study, given the insight it provides for long‐distance connectivity, and the importance of regions in this network for introspection and social emotion processing, areas affected in ASD. However, study of this network has largely been limited to adults; research earlier in development is lacking. The objective of this study was to examine DMN connectivity in children/adolescents with ASD.


Coning error compensation algorithm in the process of self-alignment is put forward in light of the strapdown intertial navigation system(SINS) self-alignment error on swaying base.It reduces coning error and increases the self-alignment accuracy.The quaternion fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm and two-sample and three-sample and other error compensation algorithm of equivalent rotation vector and their theoretical compensation effect are analyzed and compared in theory;through simulation and experiments,it is obtained that the self-alignment error decreases along with increasing of the number of sample.When the number of sample increases 1,the self-alignment error of north-angle is reduced nearly 1 time and the dispersibility of attitude angle is reduced;with the increasing of the swaying amplitude and frequency,the self-alignment accuracy of three-sample compensation algorithm is close to stability.Considering the sampling frequency and the number of sample and calculation and alignment accuracy,the three-sample coning error compensation algorithm should be selected and it can satisfy the self-alignment requirements of SINS on swaying base.


A technique presented by Phillips and Twomey for solving integral equations is discussed and an extension of the technique to the use of the fast Fourier transform is presented.


The language of newspapers depicts the ideology of news institutions. The online alternative Malaysian newspaper, 'Malaysiakini', and mainstream online newspaper 'The New Straits Times (NST)' had shown different stances through grammatical terms during 100 days of Pakatan Harapan (PH), which leads to uncovering the news institutions' ideology by observing their past performances and current representation. Norman Fairclough's (1995) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was employed on hard news reports, which were analyzed with the Halliday Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) tool. 'Pakatan Harapan (PH)' as a political party was found as main 'doer' in '100 days' performance after winning election 2018 in both newspapers through their linguistic stances, which were collected from 5 (3,334 words) news reports from 'Malaysiakini' and 3 (2,478 words) from 'NST' based on social actor's performances on 17th and 18th August 2018. 'Malaysiakini' had maintained its neutral stance, while 'The New Straits Times' had shifted its stance towards PH in their ruling government. The BN coalition had faced declining support over the past years under the rule of Najib Razak (Parameswaran, 2018). It was observed in the 2008 elections that BN lost two-thirds majorities, and again in the 2013 elections lost the popular vote. The GE14 results showed that Paka 1 tan Harapan (PH) coalition was able to surpass 112 of the total 222 seats required in parliament by clinching 121 seats. It gave a very effective simple majority, while BN had won only 79 seats (Parameswaran, 2018). GE14, the of and


Seropositivity for anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)/rheumatoid factor (RF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased overall mortality; however, the association between antibody titers and mortality is not well established. Investigating relationships between antibody titers and mortality may clarify their role in RA pathogenesis. This study was undertaken to evaluate the association of antibody titers with mortality and its modification by disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).


Contemporary businesses operate in an environment that is riddled with continuous economic, technological, and social change. Fuel of this change is the inherent complexity of market forces that compels businesses to innovate for their competitiveness or even survival. To keep up with external pace of change, businesses go through a process of corporate renewal aimed at continuous improvement and maturity of organizational design, structure, processes, and infrastructure. As a result contemporary businesses are information intensive, which, in principle, integrates them internally and nurtures their responsiveness to external forces. However, amid the chaos in overall business environment, selection, implementation, utilization, and institutionalization of information technologies, which acquire, process, and maintain information, is subjected to various complexities. These complexities thrive on unknowns relating to internal and external forces that shape value profile and use of information technologies in the organization. As a result, business managers are faced with the question of how to position, assimilate, and utilize information technologies in the organization so that they are aligned with strategic information needs of the business, help the organization address competitive challenges, and cope with future information requirements of the business. Information technology projects move along the continuum of being standalone and independent projects towards being highly complex and turbulent. Their level of stability also changes from being highly predictable at the independent stage to being uncertain at the highly complex. The focus of project managers, therefore, is to reduce complexities relating to their implementation, behavior, and value profile of these technologies. Complexity reduction in information technology projects has three critical aspects, i.e., chaos, structure, and self organization. Chaos deals with the behavior of dynamic and unstable systems that continually change or evolve randomly. Structures build on the dynamics between stable and instable properties of a system and lead to forewarning of the unforeseen consequences; whereas self organization refers to the relations of agents and systems following peculiar patterns of interaction in order to respond to events and to learn and grow accordingly. In doing so, each agent and system is guided by its own behavior and collectively they are guided by shared principles governing group behavior. However, it is important to maintain 'that' level of complexity which drives creativity and innovation and makes the organization learn, adapt, and grow. Complexity of an operative system is connected to both its efficiency and effectiveness, ceteris paribus; therefore, by reducing complexity of a system its efficiency and effectiveness can be improved. Two different kinds of levers can help managers cope with complexity, i.e. complexity reduction levers, which reduce complexity at a physical level; and complexity management levers, which reduce the impact of a certain amount of physical complexity on system's performances. Complexity control levers tend to have an impact on both efficiency (cost) and effectiveness (service) performances, whereby they shift an organization's efficiency and effectiveness trade-offs. Extant literature is replete with various theories for managing complexity, including systems thinking, self organization, soft systems methodology, and autonomic and holonomic systems. However, this paper argues that complexity also makes an organization thrive. Business managers, therefore, have to find the right balance that leads to creative chaos so that value profile of information technologies continuously evolves in the organizational context, while preserving the overall character and stability of the technology infrastructure. This research concludes that in order to reduce complexity, organizations need to craft their technology implementation, management, and governance strategies around four pillars, i.e. strategic alignment, transparency of control, total value chain perspective, and sustainability of operations.


A large study tracked four primary teachers during their ftrst year of teaching, with a focus on how a 'fellow worker' professional development support model influenced their pedagogical. practices and beliefs concerning mathematics. The case studies used an interpretive research approach for analysis of data from interviews, observations, reflective journals, and group meetings. The fmdings highlight how the realities and challenges of beginning teachers' classroom experiences prompted adoption of 'traditional', teacher centred mathematics pedagogy. Support in the form of a 'fellow worker' helped the beginning teachers survive and then begin to teach in ways consistent with current trends in mathematics education.


Russia faced a new wave of popular protests on June 12 challenging the political status quo and denouncing widespread corruption. Contrary to what happened during the prior protests on March 27, the Russian government reacted this time by arresting hundreds of people, including Alexey Navalny, and hampering the structuring of street dynamics. Five PONARS Eurasia members, Pavel Baev, Mariya Omelicheva, Graeme Robertson, Tomila Lankina, and Andrey Makarychev analyze the different aspects of the recent protests.


In this paper, a memory-efficient and high-throughput VLSI architecture, which functionally includes discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and entropy coder (EC), is presented for JPEG2000 implementation. The proposed architecture is made up of line-based DWT using lifting scheme combined with the EC architecture performed in a bit plane parallel coding way. Based on this, an efficient memory strategy for wavelet transform coefficients connecting DWT and EC is designed, using on-chip memory units with the same size as a code block for an image tile with resolution 512×512 and code block size 32×32, the input sampling is up to 45 M pixels/s when EC operates at 100 MHz, yet the memory reduction is over 65%, compared with buffers for transform coefficients in tile size. Such features suit well applications for high-speed as well as low-memory, especially for large-tile image compression.


When a resonant photon traverses a sample of absorbing atoms, how much time do atoms spend in the excited state? Does the answer depend on whether the photon is ultimately absorbed or transmitted? In particular, if it is $\textit{not}$ absorbed, does it cause atoms to spend any time in the excited state, and if so, how much? In an experiment with ultra-cold Rubidium atoms, we simultaneously record whether atoms are excited by incident ("signal") photons and whether those photons are transmitted. We measure the time spent by atoms in the excited state by using a separate, off-resonant "probe" laser to monitor the index of refraction of the sample - that is, we measure the nonlinear phase shift written by a signal pulse on this probe beam - and use direct detection to isolate the effect of single transmitted photons. For short pulses (10 ns, to be compared to the 26 ns atomic lifetime) and an optically thick medium (peak OD = 4, leading to 60% absorption given our broad bandwidth), we find that the average time atoms spend in the excited state due to one transmitted photon is not zero, but rather (77 $\pm$ 16)% of the time the average incident photon causes them to spend in the excited state. We attribute this observation of "excitation without loss" to coherent forward emission, which can arise when the instantaneous Rabi frequency (pulse envelope) picks up a phase flip - this happens naturally when a broadband pulse propagates through an optically thick medium with frequency-dependent absorption [1]. These results unambiguously reveal the complex history of photons as they propagate through an absorbing medium and illustrate the power of utilizing post-selection to experimentally investigate the past behaviour of observed quantum systems.


The in-cylinder air motion in internal combustion engines is one of the most important factors controlling the combustion process combustion efficiency of CI engine and emissions especially NOx can be controlled by creating turbulence, by designing intake system, by designing combustion chamber. A good swirl promotes fast combustion to improve the efficiency. So in the present work a study about the influence of air swirl in the combustion chamber upon the performance and emission of a diesel engine is studied. The intensification of the swirl is studied on the crown of the piston by three different configurations of Models are, Mitsubishi, Pan and Shallow Hasselman. CFD analysis is carried out on a diesel engine using different configuration pistons which is four stroke engine cylinder air cooled and constant speed. Performance parameters such as turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent intensity and turbulent dissipation are calculated. CREO is parametric used for design and Ansys IC Engine Solver 15.0 is used for analysis.


Wuhan 430073, China) Abstract: Bi 5 Ti 3 FeO 15 (BTFO15) thin films were grown on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. The structure, magnetic properties, ferroelectric properties, and ferroelectric domains were studied by using X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and scanning TEM high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF STEM). Results showed that the BTFO15 film had high crystallization with perfect layered lattice structure. It stacked like a sandwich which three Bi layers and Ti(Fe)O 6 octahedra were sandwiched by two closely stacked Bi layers. In add-tion, room-temperature magnetic hystersis loop and ferroelectric hysteresis loop confirmed that the BTFO15 film had weak ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity. The piezo response force microscope was used to study the domain and domain switching, the in-plane and out-of-plane PFM images were obtained by applying the voltage of  3 V and  10 V. These results are important to understand the relationship between microstructure


The paper aims to model a series hybrid bus and its parameters to size the hybrid vehicle powertrain and to examine the impact of hybridising a city bus with a diesel internal combustion engine on fuel consumption and air pollution. In this study, the series hybridising procedure is fulfilled on O457 city bus. First, the intended vehicle is modelled and simulated using ADVISOR software package in various driving cycles. A model of a diesel bus is simulated to validate the model, and the two models are compared with each other. Results of the study reveal that the hybridising procedure done on the above–mentioned bus has an acceptable performance, and that it can decrease fuel consumption by around 35%.


The last 30 years have seen growing concern about environmental issues and a continuous introduction of new environmental regulations. At present, global environmental issues, such as global warning, acid rain, and the disappearance of tropical rain forests, have become paramount. Furthermore, the impact of environmental regulations on international trade patterns is a related area of concern, with many analysts believing that countries may try to use environmental and safety regulations as barriers to free trade. Indeed, development of criteria for assessment of domestic environmental regulations is now part of the GATT negotiations. The paper assesses how environmental considerations affect economic relations between nations and the basic principals of international trade. 6 refs., 1 fig.


Power
dependent study of optical nonlinear absorption coefficient of
semiconductor-plasmonic hybrid nanocomposites of CdSe:Au was investigated using
Z-scan technique, provided with nanosecond pulses of second harmonic Nd:YAG
laser. The prepared materials were characterized with linear absorption and
High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) which confirm the
quantum confinement of CdSe as well as the formation of CdSe:Au core shell
quantum dots. An analysis of power dependence open aperture Z-scan was
discussed. A change from saturable absorption (SA) to reverse saturable
absorption (RSA) is observed with increasing the laser power. Also, an
enhancement of the nonlinear absorption coefficient of CdSe:Au of larger sizes
compared to Au nanoparticles was detected.


Education,especially higher education,is an effective measure for man to realize socialization and the requirement for value-orientation of higher education of social standard.Graduates from college can only realize their values on their work.The human-oriented sense should be cultivated in China,focussing on the effect of government and market in employment process of graduates from high schools;through the measures such as: improvement of fair employment,regulating of employment mechanism of the units,deepening educational reformation and leading the graduates change their concept of employment and so on,to help the graduates take proper job and realize their values.


: Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 is currently a threat to global health. Prevention and control largely depend on population awareness and behavior. Aim : Evaluate the effect of interactive digital-based educational intervention on knowledge, misconceptions, and preventive practices of COVID -19 among Damanhour university students. Methods : A randomized controlled educational trial design was employed (pre-post-test/control group). The study was accomplished in four literature faculties in Damanhour University, where 400 students were equally and randomly allocated into intervention and control groups by using multi stage sampling technique. Online structured questionnaire was used contained three tools: students' knowledge and misconceptions toward COVID-19, students' preventive practices toward COVID-19, and students' satisfaction scale with the educational intervention. Results: A statistically significant positive mean change was found for total COVID-19 knowledge and preventive practices scores after one and three months of the educational intervention. A statistically significant negative mean change was observed for the total misconceptions score after one and three months of the educational intervention. COVID-19 preventive practices were found to be positively correlated with total knowledge (r=0.768, P=0.000) while it was negatively correlated with total misconception (r= -0.541, P=0.003) scores. A higher satisfaction with the overall COVID-19 digital-based educational intervention was found among 75.0% of the intervention group. Conclusion: of the present study support the research hypotheses and the digital-based educational intervention was effective in improving university students' COVID-19 knowledge and preventive practices and lowering their misconceptions. Henceforth, expanding the experience of digital-based health educational programs about COVID-19 is recommended to improve the community practices and enhance their self-reliance and empowerment to combat the disease .


We discuss the "extended Wigner's friend" thought experiment proposed by D. Frauchiger and R.Renner that is supposed to show that "single-world interpretations" of quantum mechanics cannot be consistent if they are applicable on all scales. We explain why no such inconsistency occurs if one considers a complete description of the physical situation. Our discussion applies in particular to Bohmian mechanics.


Methamphetamine is associated with a number of adverse cardiovascular effects and diseases. We present a case of a 50 year old male presenting with heart failure and angina and long-standing methamphetamine use. With the aid of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and also coronary angiography, we speculated the dual pathophysiology of methamphetamine-induced cardiomyopathy in this patient.


The ecology of intertidal seaweed populations has only recently been explored in terms of physiological and morphological adaptation to a variety of environmental parameters. Photosynthetic capacity throughout the year appears to be more closely related to seasonal variations in irradiation than to changes in temperature. In intertidal salt-marsh populations, photosynthetic potential of fucoids is controlled by the presence or absence of light-absorbing canopies of phanerogam vegetation. The perennial fucoids exhibit maximum photosynthetic capacity during the spring months, before phanerogam canopies develop. Similarly, salt-marsh fucoids exhibit a morphological gradient in relation to vertical distribution, i.e., duration of exposure to the atmosphere. Such morphological gradients appear to be common in salt-marsh fucoid populations. However, within the same species there does not appear to be a gradient in photosynthetic potential with increasing desiccation of plant tissues. The reason appears to be that a given species is physiologistically well adapted to a wide range desiccation degrees. Some recent investigations by others have indicated that this adaptation may also include cytological adaptations.


Tish Paper studies a few method of generating PWM pulse,Also analyse and discuss the harmonic characteristic of these modulation techniques,and provide a prof to select these method.Finally,using comparision method,Simulation of steady state and transient performance of three phase induction motor controlled by this inverter are studied.The results is in keeping with those of analysis on steady state and transient performance of three phase induction motor,it plays a effective role.


Background: Bypass surgery for atherosclerosis is confronted with the absence of endothelial cells in the lumen of vascular prosthesis in humans. This imposes a risk of thrombosis. New biomaterials try to minimize surface thrombogenicity. Methods: Knitted polyethylene terephthalate (PET) vascular graft patches were impregnated with degradable polyester polymers: poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) or poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide-co-e-caprolactone) (PLGC). The luminal surface was coated with collagen type I (Co) to which extracellular matrix proteins laminin (LM), fibronectin (FN), or surface fibrin gel (Fb) were attached. Three types of prostheses (PET, PET–PLG and PET– PLGC) and 5 types of protein assemblies (+Co, +Co/LM, +Co/FN, +Co/Fb, +Co/Fb/FN) were fabricated. Scanning electron microscopy and measurements of the water contact angles were performed. The development of a bovine endothelial cell layer was studied in a static culture for 1 week. Results: The cells reached confluence on all PET surfaces with the highest final density on +Co/FN. Impregnation of PET with polymers made it less adhesive for cells in the following order: PET > PET–PLG > PET– PLGC. However, additional coating with the protein assemblies enhanced the endothelial cell growth, especially on fibrin-containing surfaces. Conclusion: Tri-component vascular grafts composed of PET, copolymers and cell-adhesive assemblies were fabricated. The endothelial lining on the polymer-coated grafts was promoted after modification with the protein multilayers. Artificial vascular prostheses have been made of non-degradable, non-compliant and thrombogenic materials for more than 50 years. Thus, they resemble passive tubing. Potential bio-activation by degradable materials and by introduction of living endothelial cells may approximate these materials to native artery. This work provided a method to include bio-degradable polymers into vascular graft and to facilitate the growth of cell lining via adhesive protein multilayers.


A voltage consisting of a cosine term superposed on a steady term is applied to the input of a nonlinear device. The output current of the device is zero for negative voltages, and proportional to the nth power of the voltage when it is positive, the exponent n being 1, 32, or 2. The resultant current may be zero, continuous, or discontinuous, depending on the relative values of the steady term and the peak value of the cosine term. In general, the current may be represented by a Fourier series, the coefficients of the various terms of which are functions of n and the magnitudes of the two components of the voltage. For n = 1 and n = 2, these coefficients are expressible in terms of trigonometric functions. For n = 32, the coefficients are given in terms of the complete elliptic integrals K and E. The root-mean-square value of the current, for n = 1, 32, and 2, is given in terms of trigonometric functions. Graphs of coefficients of the leading Fourier terms, and of the root-mean-square current, are presen...


A silicon CCD imager has been irradiated with 10 MeV protons and measurements focused on random telegraph signal (RTS). A variance detection method is applied for quantifying the number of RTS after irradiation and through isochronal annealing. The observed behavior is analyzed and corresponds to the annealing of phosphorus-vacancies.


The method involves casting a fluid concrete in molds (1-4) before equipping tight ropes (C) along a passive reinforcement (11) in a form of a metallic lattice and a pre-stressed concrete heel. A base of the reinforcement is dipped in a concrete bath by maintaining the base in a position during setting of the concrete. A reinforcement portion to be drowned in the bath is equipped with a spacer assembly i.e. stainless steel cord (17), to center and support the reinforcement with respect to an internal surface of the molds before immersing the reinforcement in the bath. An independent claim is also included for a lattice girder fabricating equipment for implementing a lattice girder fabricating method.


Models of disablement and community care critical factors in community care and independent living legislation in the UK and the USA what is quality of life? the new eugenics the emerging politics of disablement disability research disability and health the enabling environment future directions.


The ability of cabbage root flies (Delia brassicae (Wied.) (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) to disnerse across host-cron and non-host-crop areas during "migratory flight" in the early part of adult life has been studied (Finch & Skinner, 1975) to assess more accurately the potential of controlling the pest on an area management basis. Complementary experiments were done in 1971 and 1972 to compare the eclosion rhythms of wild cabbage root flies and of flies reared in the laboratory at Wellesbourne (Finch & Coaker, 1969) to determine whether the behaviour of the latter had become adjusted to the artificial environment, making the flies unsuitable for the proposed field experiments. Laboratory experiment. On April 30, 197 1, 9790 laboratory-reared cabbage root fly pupae (Finch & Coaker, 1969) were placed under a 2.5cm layer of moist vermiculite in pots held in cages in a room maintained at 18" + lo and 65% f 5% R.H. Fluorescent lighting was used to extend 'daylength' to 16hr from 'dawn' at 04.OOhr until 'dusk' at 20.00 hr. For 4 days, flies which emerged on to the surface of the vermiculite during the photophase were counted hourly, removed and sexed. Field experiments. On April 26, 1971, 940 wild cabbage root fly pupae collected at Wellesbourne in December 1970 were placed on moist vermiculite in a pot filled with a further 2.5 cm layer of moist vermiculite. The pot was caged in a field with the rim level with the surrounding soil. For 4 days commencing on May 11, emerged flies were counted hourly from 05.30-21.30 hr. Batches of 2000 laboratory-reared pupae and 1000 wild pupae collected during the previous December at Wellesbourne and Great Rollright, Oxfordshire were caged separately at the same site on May 9, 1972. Emerged flies were counted from 05.00--19.00 hr for 19 days commencing on 10 May.


CChemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) is a technique used in very deep-submicron VLSI manufacturing to achieve uniformity in long range oxide planarization. Post-CNIP topography is highly related to local spatial pattern density in layout. To change local pattern density, and thus ensure post-CMP planarization, dummy features are placed in layout. The only known previously published algorithm for dummy feature placement is based oil a very simple and inadequate model. This paper is based on a closed-form analytical model for inter-level dielectric thickness in CMP process by B. Stine et al. and a model for effective local layout pattern density by D. Ouma et al. Those two models accurately describe the relation between local pattern density and post-CMP planarization. This paper uses those two models to solve the dummy feature placement problem of a single layer in the fixed-dissection regime. An experiment, conducted with real industry design data, gives excellent results by reducing post-CMP topography variation from 753A to 169A.


The aim of this paper is to examine the changes of ownership structure of a sample of 28 firms that moved from alternative stock market (NewConnect) to the main stock market (Warsaw Stock Exchange). The research hypothesis states that changing the market results in an increase the ownership of financial institutions. A chosen variables depicting ownership structure were calculated before and after moving from one market to another. The results of nonparametric Wilcoxon test do not confirm the hypothesis, i.e. one cannot state that the ownership of financial institution increases. While it is possible to state that the free float increases and the ownership concentration decreases.


Space nuclear electric generating systems concepts have been assessed for their potential in satisfying future spacecraft high power (several megawatt) requirements. Conceptual designs have been prepared for reactor power systems using the most promising static (thermionic) and the most promising dynamic conversion processes. Component and system layouts, along with system mass and envelope requirements have been made. Key development problems have been identified and the impact of the conversion process selection upon thermal management and upon system and vehicle configuration is addressed.