The terms we use to describe the experimental objects we study have an uncanny way of shaping the way we think about them. The B cell epitopes of proteins, which correspond to the regions recognized by the binding sites (or paratopes) of soluble and membrane-bound antibody molecules, have been described as either continuous or discontinuous depending on whether the amino acids included in the epitope are contiguous in the polypeptide chain or not. This terminology leads one to accept that the units of recognition operative in epitope-paratope interactions are individual amino-acids whereas it is, of course, at the level of individual atoms that the so-called 'recognition' takes place. The distinction between continuous and discontinuous epitopes is actually fuzzy since discontinuous epitopes often contain continuous stretches of a few contiguous residues (that may bind to certain antibodies). Furthermore, continuous epitopes usually contain a number of indifferent residues that are not implicated in the binding interaction and can be replaced by any other amino acid without impairing antigenic activity. Such continuous epitopes may thus be considered as discontinuous in the functional sense. Some authors have challenged the view that native proteins possess continuous epitopes recognized by antiprotein antibodies and suggested that so-called continuous epitopes are actually 'unfoldons', i.e., unfolded regions of the protein antigen that cross-react with antibodies specific for the denatured protein. It is argued that such antibodies are present in antiprotein sera because some of the molecules used for immunization have become denatured before or after being injected in the animal. Such arguments are difficult to refute since it is impossible to verify the exact conformation of the immunogen when it is interacting with a B cell receptor in the immunized host (the so-called black box conundrum). In the reciprocal situation where antibodies raised to peptides are allowed to react with the cognate protein, it also cannot be discounted that the antibodies recognize the protein only because the antigen preparation used in the assay contained some denatured molecules. It is now recognized that earlier erroneous claims that immunization with peptides always elicits high levels of antibodies that cross-react with the native, cognate protein arose because it was not realized that the protein used in solidphase immunoassays had become denatured by adsorption to plastic. Whereas the reactivity of a discontinuous epitope is clearly dependent on the native conformation of the molecule, it is less obvious that a continuous epitope is also conformation-dependent. This is shown, however, by the fact that an antibody will not recognize in the same manner, a peptide when it is free in solution, conjugated to a carrier or adsorbed to a solid-phase. It must be stressed that an epitope is not an intrinsic feature of a protein molecule but is a relational entity that can be defined only by its ability to react with the paratope of an antibody molecule. This means that epitopes, in addition to being regions of an antigen defined in structural terms, are also entities endowed with a specific recognition activity that can be assessed only in a functional binding assay. Binding assays, therefore, lead to a functional description of epitopes, usually in terms of which alterations induced by chemical manipulation or site-directed mutagenesis, are able to affect the binding reactivity. This functional description, which involves the four dimensions of space-time is complementary to the information derived from the static structure of the epitope revealed by X-ray crystallography of antigen-antibody complexes. It is generally assumed that crystallographic analysis of immune complexes gives the most reliable information on the structure of epitopes although this is available for only a limited number of antigens. A further important limitation is that the structure seen in the complex is usually different from the structure of the respective binding sites in the free antigen and antibody molecules, i.e., before they have been altered by the induced fit and mutual adaptation of the two partners that occur during the interaction. The conformation of the epitope before complexation is probably the one that is relevant for understanding which structure is recognized by the immune system. Most of our knowledge of protein epitopes has been obtained by studying the antigenic cross-reactivity between the intact protein and peptide fragments. Such studies lead to the identification of linear peptides, that only partly mimic the configuration of the atoms in the immunogen which initially interacted with the membrane-bound antibodies of B-cells. These cross-reactive peptides are detected because the relationship between an epitope and a paratope is never of an exclusive nature. As a result the exact boundaries and minimum size of the continuous epitopes delineated with cross-reactive peptides remain generally illdefined. It must be emphasized that studies of protein antigenicity using peptide fragments only gives information on the phenomenon of cross-reactivity between what are actually dissimilar epitopes in the peptide and protein. It is well-established that the structure of a peptide bound to antibody is usually different from the structure of the corresponding region in the intact, cognate protein.


Summary.  Background: The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and its crosslinking to form a stable clot are key events in providing effective hemostasis. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship of fibrinopeptide (FP) release and factor (F) XIII activation in whole blood from hemophiliacs. Patients/Methods: We investigated FPA and FPB release, FXIII activation and fibrin mass in tissue factor‐initiated coagulation in whole blood from individuals with hemophilia and healthy subjects. Results: In hemophiliacs, the rates of fibrin formation were delayed as compared to healthy individuals. FPA/FPB release and FXIII activation were decreased in hemophiliacs vs. healthy individuals: 5.4 ± 0.7 μm min−1 to 1.7 ± 0.4 μm min−1 (P = 0.003), 2.3 ± 0.6 μm min−1 to 0.5 ± 0.1 μm min−1 (P = 0.025), and 12.1 ± 0.7 nm min−1 to 3.1 ± 0.7 nm min−1 (P < 0.0005), respectively. More FPA was released in hemophiliacs (6.6 ± 1.2 μm) prior to clot time (CT) than in healthy individuals (2.6 ± 0.4 μm, P = 0.013), whereas FPB and activated FXIII levels remained comparable. FXIII activation, which normally coincides with FPA release, was delayed in hemophiliacs. At CT in normal blood, the FPA concentration was 2.6‐fold higher than that of FPB (P = 0.003), whereas in hemophiliacs this ratio was increased to 6.6‐fold (P = 0.001). Conclusions: These data suggest that essential dynamic correlations exist between the presentations of fibrin I, fibrin II, and FXIIIa. The 'discordance' of fibrin formation in hemophiliacs results in clots that are more soluble than normal (43% lower mass; P = 0.02). The resulting poor physical clot strength probably plays a crucial role in the pathology of hemophilia.


Crop residue left in the field after harvest helps to protect against water and wind erosion, increase soil organic matter, and improve soil quality, so a proper estimate of the quantity of crop residue is crucial to optimize tillage and for research into environmental effects. Although remote-sensing-based techniques to estimate crop residue cover (CRC) have proven to be good tools for determining CRC, their application is limited by variations in the moisture of crop residue and soil. In this study, we propose a crop residue angle index (CRAI) to estimate the CRC for four distinct soils with varying soil moisture (SM) content and crop residue moisture (CRM). The current study uses laboratory-based tests ((i) a dry dataset (air-dried soils and crop residues, n = 392); (ii) a wet dataset (wet soils and crop residues, n = 822); (iii) a saturated dataset (saturated soils and crop residues, n = 402); and (iv) all datasets (n = 1616)), which allows us to analysis the soil and crop residue hyperspectral response to varying SM/CRM. The CRAI combines two features that reflect the moisture content in soil and crop residue. The first is the different reflectance of soil and crop residue as a function of moisture in the near-infrared band (833 nm) and short-wave near-infrared band (1670 nm), and the second is different reflectance of soils and crop residues to lignin, cellulose, and moisture in the bands at 2101, 2031, and 2201 nm. The effects of moisture and soil type on the proposed CRAI and selected traditional spectral indices ((i) hyperspectral cellulose absorption index; (ii) hyperspectral shortwave infrared normalized difference residue index; and (iii) selected broad-band spectral indices) were compared by using a laboratory-based dataset. The results show that the SM/CRM significantly affects the broad-band spectral indices and all other spectral indices investigated are less correlated with CRC when using all datasets than when using only the dry, wet, or saturated dataset. Laboratory study suggests that the CRAI is promising for estimating CRC with the four soils and with varying SM/CRM. However, because the CRAI was only validated by a laboratory-based dataset, additional field testing is thus required to verify the use of satellite hyperspectral remote-sensing images for different crops and ecological areas.


The present invention that under neutral gas present-invention relates to pressure carburizing method - Well formed as to replace the pressure concentration step and the diffusion step. Of the concentration step, the use of a mixture of neutral gas and enriched gas, the ratio of the neutral gas is from 5 to 50% by volume of enriched gas. For example, enriched gas may be acetylene (C


Dynamic hydrologic models of areas that are potentially larger than characteristic storm sizes must give explicit consideration to the effect of storm size on the rainfall-runoff process. The local response of an element of the modeled area can be parametrized in terms of proportion of saturated and impermeable area and infiltration parameters of the unsaturated permeable areas. When a very simple spatial description of the storm depth and duration is provided, it is possible to integrate the local response over the entire area to obtain the average, or lumped, input-output behavior of the large area on a volume basis. Where infiltration-excess runoff is significant, the rainfall-runoff response of a large area is extremely sensitive to the storm size, with a fixed volume of precipitation producing more runoff when it is concentrated over smaller areas. Where saturated or impermeable source areas provide most of the surface runoff, this scale effect on runoff volume is absent. Whenever the effect is significant, it becomes important for rainfall-runoff models to include not only the rainfall volume but also some description of its areal variability, as forcing variables.


This paper investigates how advanced HVAC systems and predictive control can influence the interaction between a house and the grid. The case study corresponds to a house in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, analysed during the heating season. The following scenarios are considered: (a) an air-to-air heat pump for heating regulated through a conventional rule base control (RBC); (b) an air-towater heat pump, also using RBC, linked to a radiant floor system; (c) an air-to-water heat pump with a predictive control strategy under time-of-use (TOU) pricing; (d) the same system and control approach, using a real-time pricing curve. Results are examined in terms of energy use, cost, and load matching / grid interaction metrics.


The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has pointed out, even more, the important need for hygiene contactless biometric recognition systems. Vein-based devices are great non-contact options although they have not been entirely well-integrated in daily life. In this work, in an attempt to contribute to the research and development of these devices, a contactless wrist vein recognition system with a real-life application is revealed. A Transfer Learning (TL) method, based on different Deep Convolutional Neural Networks architectures, for Vascular Biometric Recognition (VBR), has been designed and tested, for the first time in a research approach, on a smartphone. TL is a Deep Learning (DL) technique that could be divided into networks as feature extractor, i.e., using a pre-trained (different large-scale dataset) Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to obtain unique features that then, are classified with a traditional Machine Learning algorithm, and fine-tuning, i.e., training a CNN that has been initialized with weights of a pre-trained (different large-scale dataset) CNN. In this study, a feature extractor base method has been employed. Several architecture networks have been tested on different wrist vein datasets: UC3M-CV1, UC3M-CV2, and PUT. The DL model has been integrated on the Xiaomi© Pocophone F1 and the Xiaomi© Mi 8 smartphones obtaining high biometric performance, up to 98% of accuracy and less than 0.4% of EER with a 50–50% train-test on UC3M-CV2, and fast identification/verification time, less than 300 milliseconds. The results infer, high DL performance and integration reachable in VBR without direct user-device contact, for real-life applications nowadays.


Humoral and cellular immune responses of horses vaccinated with inactivated equine herpesvirus-1 vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide ISA70 were evaluated and compared with immune responses of horses vaccinated with a vaccine adjuvanted with Saponin-rehydragel mixture. The virus was inactivated by binary ethyleneimine (at a final concentration of 0.008 M of BEI within 24 hours at 37°C) and residual virus infectivity was carried out on VERO cells and chorioallantoic membrane of ECE. The vaccines were proved to be safe and potent in both pregnant mice and mares. Challenge was applied to inoculated mice to detect the role of vaccine in reduction of virus reisolation. Cell mediated immune responses in horses by lymphocyte blastogenesis assay revealed that there was an increase in the cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes (CTL) at the 5th day post vaccination and declined at 10th day then begin to increase at 5th day post boostering till 30 days post vaccination. Also the results showed that Saponin-rehydragel adjuvanted vaccine induced a moderately increase in "CTL" than vaccine adjuvanted by Montanide ISA 70. Assessment of the humoral immune responses by using VN and ELISA assays revealed that the vaccine adjuvanted by montanide ISA 70 induced more immune potentiation with high VN index and ELISA antibody titers than vaccine adjuvanted by Saponin-rehydragel adjuvant.


The need to maintain consistent standards from year to year is very important as consistent standards provide an avenue for ensuring that learners receive quality education. Teachers, as main facilitators within the learning teaching environment, are better placed to monitor the quality of education.  The views and opinions of the teachers are important in determining whether there is an improvement, stagnation or deterioration in the general performance of learners over time. The paper therefore attempts to develop a trend analysis of the language proficiency level of primary school candidates in process writing. A sample of 50 teachers was selected from population of over 500 teachers enrolled in the Department of Primary Education for 2012 -2013 academic year. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods were used to answer the research questions.


Web Front-end Design is a basic professional course of information management and information system major. The course mainly trains students' ability of web design and website development. This paper attempts to change the traditional teaching mode that teachers are the main body. It tries to build a new teaching mode that students are the main body and teachers are the guiders. In the process of curriculum reform, the complete project-driven teaching method is adopted to complete the teaching of course knowledge points. At the same time, the reform references to the emerging engineering education model with the whole life cycle of the system's conceive, design, implement and operate (CDIO) as the background. By the reform, students can change passive learning into active learning, improve their practical ability, and further enhance the practical development ability of Web page design projects.


The recent letter about "The Growth Curve; Can Microbiology Teach Something to Economy?" (C. Gancedo, Microbe, September 2010, p. 367) contains an interesting point which I believe deserves further discussion. The author pointed out the similarities between the use of growth curves in microbiology and in economics. He believes that economists can perhaps learn something "from a modest graph like the growth curve of microorganisms."


As both new network attacks emerge and network traffic increases in vol-ume, the need to perform network traffic inspection at high rates is ever increasing. The core of many security applications that inspect network traf-fic (such as Network Intrusion Detection) is pattern matching. At the same time, pattern matching is a major performance bottleneck for those applications: indeed, it is shown to contribute to more than 70% of the total running time of Intrusion Detection Systems. Although numerous efficient approaches to this problem have been proposed on custom hardware, it is challenging for pattern matching algorithms to gain benefit from the advances in commodity hardware. This becomes even more relevant with the adoption of Network Function Virtualization, that moves network services, such as Network Intrusion Detection, to the cloud where scaling on commodity hardware is key for performance. In this paper, we tackle the problem of pattern matching and show how to leverage the architecture features found in commodity platforms. We present efficient algorithmic designs that achieve good cache locality and make use of modern vectorization techniques to utilize data parallelism within each core. We first identify properties of pattern matching that make it fit for vector-(cid:73) Preliminary results of this work were presented the 46th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP) 2017 [1]. ization and show how to use them in the algorithmic design. Second, we build on an earlier, cache-aware algorithmic design and show how we apply cache-locality combined with SIMD gather instructions to pattern matching. Third, we complement our algorithms with an analytical model that predicts their performance and use it to easily evaluate alternative designs. We evaluate our algorithmic design with open data sets of real-world network traffic: Our results on two different platforms, Haswell and Xeon-Phi, show a speedup of 1.8x and 3.6x, respectively, over Direct Filter Classification (DFC), a recently proposed algorithm by Choi et al. for pattern matching exploiting cache locality, and a speedup of more than 2.3x over Aho-Corasick, a widely used algorithm in today's Intrusion Detection Systems. Finally, we utilize highly parallel hardware platforms and evaluate the scalability of our algorithms, achieving processing throughput of up to 45Gbps.


The woody oil-plants derived biodiesel production is suitable for China's bio-diesel development strategy.Although China is rich in woody oil-plant resources,the implementation of its development and industrialization is facing many problems.This paper systematically analyzed current status of the industry,described the issues and countermeasures in resource survey,production management,policies and regulations,summarized the trend of biodiesel production in China by using woody oil plants under the current background of global focus on the development of 'green energy'.


This paper presents the design of a low-cost multi-octave 200 MHz to 20 GHz compact single-stage feedback amplifier employing a PHEMT device for an extended range digital log video amplifier (ERDLVA) application. The amplifier design realized exhibited a gain level of 7.84/spl plusmn/0.5 dB, input/output VSWRs better than 10 dB, and noise figure less than 4 dB. Moreover, the amplifier exhibited a twofold power added efficiency improvement when compared to a conventional travelling wave amplifier design employing the same active devices.


A context model is defined with information represented and gathered from sensors, user profile, environment and other sources. The main advantage of using ontology is the ability to express machine-interpretable definition on basic concept and interrelation that enables the reuse of the constructed context models. The method of analyzing and designing context ontology will influence the relationship between context information and expression of user activities. By analyzing events, the associated services are defined. Once an event occurs to a particular user with a context model, we provide appropriate services to the user by using the most similar event in context ontology to execute the rule-based system.


List of Curriculum Topic Study Guides Foreword - by Harold Pratt Preface About the Author 1. Introduction to Curriculum Topic Study 2. Examining the Components of a Curriculum Topic Study Guide 3. Engaging in Curriculum Topic Study 4. Utilizing Curriculum Topic Study for Different Contexts 5. Images From Practice 6. The Curriculum Topic Study Guides Resource A: Additional Resources to Support Curriculum Topic Study Resource B: Worksheets for Curriculum Topic Study References Index


We have studied harmonic oscillations in an elliptical optical waveguide array in which the coupling between neighboring waveguides is varied in accord with a Kac matrix so that the propagation constant eigenvalues can take equally spaced values. As a result, long-living Bloch oscillations (BO) and dipole oscillations (DO) are obtained when a linear gradient in the propagation constant is applied. Moreover, we achieve a switching from DO to BO or vice versa by ramping up the gradient profile. The various optical oscillations as well as their switching are investigated by field-evolution analysis and confirmed by Hamiltonian optics. The equally spaced eigenvalues in the propagation constant allow viable applications in transmitting images, switching and routing of optical signals.


A Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) is an assembly of nodes with extreme flexible topology for establishing wireless communications and forming a dynamic network. In order to enable conversation between any nodes in a network, a routing protocol is employed. Currently, there are three major routing protocols classes: reactive, proactive and hybrid protocols. Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) is one of the most used in MANET. It operates in table driven of proactive protocol. A major problem facing this protocol (OLSR) is security. Multipoint relay (MPR) attack is considered like the most efficient attack.This paper is organized into four large sections. In the first section, we talk about the main goal of "multipoint relays" (MPRs). Second Section is dedicated to the routing layer attack, especially MPR attack. The third section introduces simulation measurements and network layout. Finally, we discuss the simulation results in the last section, before concluding our paper.


The current survey was carried out to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen levels (0, 2.1, 3.0, 3.9 g ∙ pot –1 nitrogen as urea 46%) on tomato fruit worm Helicoverpa armigera on six common tomato cultivars (e.g., Kingston, Riogrand, Earlyurbana, Redston, Superstrain-B and Primoearly) under laboratory conditions [25 ± 1°C, 60 ± 5% RH, 16 : 8 (L : D) h]. The mortality, developmental period of immature stages as well as the longevity and fecundity of adult stages were recorded. Data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life-table theory. The longest (24.21 ± 0.59 days) larval developmental period was recorded in Earlyurbana variety with zero nitrogen level and the shortest (15.44 ± 0.36 days) in Superstrain-B variety with the highest nitrogen level. Consequently, the net reproductive rate ( R 0 ) ranged from 35.7 ± 7.06 to 62.16 ± 18.9 offspring/female/individual in Redston variety with zero nitrogen level and in Superstrain-B variety with the highest nitrogen level, respectively. The lowest and highest values of the intrinsic rate ( r ) and finite rate of increase ( l ) were estimated for Redston variety with zero level of nitrogen (0.0712 ± 0.0065 and 1.0732 ± 0.0069 day –1 ) and Superstrain-B variety with the highest nitrogen fertilizer (0.1507 ± 0.0057 and 1.1629 ± 0.0066 day –1 ), respectively. The results demonstrated that nitrogen fertilizer influenced nearly all the life parameters of the pest which depended on the cultivars. Finally, it could be concluded that Kingston and Superstrain-B were suitable and Earlyurbana and Redston were unsuitable host plant cultivars for H. armigera .


The W48 molecular cloud has been observed in the J = 2-1 transitions of three CO isotopes near 230 GHz with a high angular resolution. The gas density is about 10,000/cu cm and the total mass is about 1500 solar. Several clumps of density 100,000/cu cm to 10 million/cu cm may exist inside the extended gas cloud. The back edge of the extended cloud is a adjacent to a broad H II region, and could be the site of ongoing high-mass star formation. 17 refs.


Breakthroughs in digital technologies have notably enhanced the capability of administrative systems across the globe and allowed precision and effectiveness in governance mechanisms like never before. This study builds around three critical aspects of governance: lack of state capacity, trust deficit between citizen and state (empowerment), and poor service delivery. It elaborates how the use of biometrics and smart technologies enhances public service delivery and revitalises trust of citizen on the state. It is a qualitative research based on observations, case studies and real world examples of linking national citizens registry to various disparate repositories and using it innovatively to reform governance. Its manifestations are manifolds: from empowering persons to avail public health services and financial inclusion to creating value for private sector through market creating innovations; NADRA has fortified digital governance framework in Pakistan by the virtue of legal identity. The success story of NADRA provides guidelines to the developing countries how organisations can be turned around by employing technologically innovative and culturally targeted approach towards public policy and digital governance initiatives.
Keywords: Digital Transformation, e-Governance, Technology, Legal Identity


It is noted that falling asleep at the wheel is a leading cause of fatal expressway crashes, and that such crashes are increasing in number. Analysis of data indicates that falling asleep at the wheel may be second only to alcohol as a cause of crashes of one or two vehicles. Among the factors that contribute to falling asleep are the following: sleep deprivation; sleep disorders; body rhythms; and alcohol and street drugs. It is pointed out that driving induces sleep, and signs of driver fatigue are listed. Hints are given for safe driving, especially on long trips.


The article aims to identify lecturers' perspectives in implementing PISMP science curriculum in Teacher Training College (TTC) Malaysia based on teaching experience using CIPP model. The respondents were 105 lecturers from 20 TTC Malaysia. The study used a questionnaire consist of 74 items that cover the four dimensions (Context, Input, Process and Product). Data collected through questionnaires were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The study found that there was not a significant difference of curriculum goals and curriculum objectives based on teaching experience at school. For input dimension, there was no significant difference of assessment and evaluation, content knowledge, selection of teaching and learning sources and pedagogical skill based on school teaching experience. In process dimension, there was no significant difference on pedagogical process, the content knowledge and the process of assessment and evaluation based on teaching experience at school. Furthermore, there was no significant difference of product dimension of science curriculum based on teaching experience at school. Based on the experience of teaching in TTC, lecturers did not have a significant difference of curriculum goals, curriculum objectives, input evaluation and assessment, input content knowledge, input selection of teaching and learning sources, input pedagogical skill, and process of content knowledge. However, there were significant differences in the input pedagogical skill and product in the implementation of the PISMP science curriculum in TTC.


Terms such as "charge" and "oxidation state" appear frequently in the literature. The problem is that they are often viewed to be synonymous. However, they are fundamentally different concepts using distinct notations. The aim of the present discussion is to attract the attention of researchers from various fields of science in order to prevent further use of misleading interpretations.


The paper presents a global time domain simulation of a microwave rectenna studied for wireless energy transfer. The novelty of the work is to take into account both distributed electromagnetic parts of the antenna and the rectifier circuit including lumped elements. From a 3D finite element time domain electromagnetic modelling of the structure an equivalent circuit of the antenna is deduced: the input impedance is obtained as a function of frequency over a broad band. Then a rational approximation gives a corresponding PSPICE representation. The electromotive force induced between the ports of the antenna during the microwave illumination is directly computed from the 3D transient scattering problem. The resulting equivalent circuit of the antenna is finally incorporated into the electronic simulator PSPICE, together with the lumped components of the rectenna (ideal diodes and load). Thus a global non‐linear time domain analysis of the whole structure becomes available. The results obtained with the methods presented in the paper are compared with those resulting from other techniques. The approach developed in the work could efficiently improve the design stage of rectennas devoted to microwave power transfer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The article concerns a case study of the use and application of knowledge and information in the company. In the first place, the assessment of knowledge and information management processes was carried out, and the main goal of the research was to identify the benefits of effective management of these resources in the company. A method of standardized interview was used to obtain data, which was carried out with 40 employees of the company. Based on the interviews, it can be concluded that the communication processes, as well as knowledge and information management are perceived by the respondents. They are also aware of the possible benefits of proper knowledge and information management. There are some barriers and disruptions in the knowledge management processes in the analyzed company. In order to reduce them, several options for solving these problems and improving management processes were indicated.


Background: Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) causes significant health and economic burden. Nice guidelines recommend performing Doppler US (DUS) as the first line in all patients with PAD for whom re-vascularization is being considered. MRA should be performed if further imaging is needed before re-vascularization and CT angiography (CTA) is indicated only if MRA is not tolerated or contraindicated. Some published studies showed superiority of contrast enhanced MRA over conventional diagnostic angiography. On the basis of these guidelines and the published literature diagnostic invasive lower limb angiography should not be routine practice because of the risks and the costs implications. We performed a study to identify the adherence in our unit to these guidelines and the resulting impact on patient safety and service provision costs. Methods: Retrospective data collection in a single large UK tertiary referral centre. Fifty-eight patients who underwent lower limb bypass surgery were included over a time period from June 2015 to June 2016. Results: 75% of the patients (N: 44) had DUS as a first investigation, 29% (N: 17) had CTA or MRA as a second investigation and 39% (N: 23) of the patients had diagnostic angiography preoperatively with an overall complication rate (diagnostic and therapeutic angiography) of 12%. The estimated costs of the angiographies during the one-year period were £28,934 (£1,258 per patient). Conclusion: Significant percentage of the patients going for lower limb bypass surgery are subject to unnecessary risk due to pre-operative diagnostic angiography with an overall increase in service costs. This is unjustified in the view of the current National guidelines and published literature.


The aim of this study was to develop a new exercise regime with a mixture of aerobic and strength training combined with a low-calorie diet (1200 kcal/d) and to evaluate its health benefit in overweight/obese individuals. In 8 weeks of study, participants were divided into 2 groups: a low-calorie diet alone and a low-calorie diet with exercise regimen. The low-calorie diet combined with aerobic and strength training had a superior effect on weight loss and improved body composition (but not on glucose and lipid profile compared with low-calorie diet alone).


The utility model relates to a film wrapping machine, and belongs to the field of product packaging equipment. The film wrapping machine comprises a bottom disc and a vertical column, wherein a top pressing assembly is arranged on the vertical column and is driven by a driving mechanism to do reciprocating movement along the vertical column up and down, a rotary assembly is arranged just under the top pressing assembly, and is fixedly arranged on the bottom disc, a to-be-processed workpiece is arranged on the rotary assembly, the rotary assembly can rotate, a film wrapping frame is arranged besides the rotary assembly, a film is arranged on the film wrapping frame, the film wrapping frame is used for wrapping the film onto the to-be-processed workpiece, and the film wrapping frame is fixedly arranged on the driving mechanism of the vertical column and can do reciprocating movement up and down. The film wrapping machine has the advantages that the operation is convenient; the automatic positioning is realized according to different heights of the product, the defect of artificial watching and control is overcome, and the wrapping efficiency and wrapping quality stability are improved; by arranging the automatic top pressing device, the artificial top pressing is not needed, and the packaging efficiency is improved.


The electrical properties of a six-terminal MOSFET are studied and a strong-inversion model is derived. Due to its special structure, the six-terminal MOSFET can be operated as a highly-linear, electronically-tunable resistor. This is managed by applying proper voltages at the terminals of the structure, achieving channel uniformity independent of applied signals. Measurements on fabricated test devices yield distortion levels of -90 dB for 1 V/sub p-p/ signals.


We would like to comment on a recent article by Moslem, Alrwaily, and Almarwani (2020) through aLetter to the Editor The study in question focused on adherence to clinical practice guidelines (CPGs...


The national space program o i the Feder a l Republic of Germany is carried out by the German Space Operations Centre (CSOC) of DFVLR. In the execution of these activities many valuable lessons have been learned with regard to the effective performance of all phases of satellite operations. This paper describes brieily the vario u s activities involved addressing particulary experiences gained and showing how these experiences will be incorporated into the data processing syst.cms to be implemented for future missions, especially t.hose in t.hc Space Station Era .


These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 497 (1983) Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-497Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2016-08-08


Some of the concepts that can help structural engineers and building owners mitigate the threat of hazards associated with terrorist attacks on new and existing buildings are discussed. The state-of-the-art methods to enhance protection of the building by incorporating low-cost measures at the early stages of building design are highlighted.


This brief offers recommendations for how state agencies might measure and promote social and emotional learning in their accountability and continuous improvement plans. It is based on a more detailed report, Encouraging social and emotional learning in the context of new accountability, by Hanna Melnick, Channa Cook-Harvey, and Linda DarlingHammond. The full report can be found at learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/ encouraging-social-emotional-learningnew-accountability-report.


The diverse assemblage of those involved in Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICTD) efforts exposes inherent tensions between fields and perspectives. While debates between researcher and practitioner "intent" are starting to surface, these conversations primarily pertain to the methods and strategies in common and in question between technologists and social scientists. This paper discusses the differing ethics between the academic researcher, the practitioner, and the journalist – which efforts work in support of each other, and where are they at variance? When the journalist is also the researcher, a phenomenon occurring more frequently (especially in academic ICTD efforts), what position does this hybrid entity assume when conducting fieldwork? The authors, an ICTD professor and a professional journalist pursuing a Ph.D. in ICTD, are interested in exploring issues of representation, identity and responsibility in ICTD initiatives through the lens of Development Informatics in order to study the opportunities and challenges inherent when the traditions and perspectives of different academic and vocational fields merge, requiring those from different backgrounds to mediate and negotiate their involvement strategies with target communities. This paper endeavors to provide a "blueprint" for others in ICTD coming from a variety of backgrounds and methodologies, and to begin a larger discussion that can grow to incorporate the positions of additional journalists, researchers, and the combination, from both Northern and Southern standpoints.


On behalf of the Ministry of Education in Luxembourg (Europe), 821 teachers - from primary school to higher education - were questioned in an online survey at the beginning of 2009 about their use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. In this paper, we briefly present the context of the questionnaire and will then focus on its outcomes. The preliminary analysis of the results will mainly focus on the closed questions of the survey and try to answer several fundamental questions related to the availability, as well as to the current and the future usage of ICT in schools. Most of the teachers use ICT in some way in education, but printed documents remain the most popular source of information during class. The main argument listed to use ICT is the increase of students' motivation, while the major concern is the technical hardware dependency or unavailability. Also, an important number of teachers is concerned about the increased preparation time that is in most cases not rewarded. Finally, a vast majority of the teachers is willing to take part in an e-learning training program, probably because they feel unqualified or do not (yet) see the advantage of ICT for their classes.


In this paper, we present a simple and efficient GEC sequence tagger using a Transformer encoder. Our system is pre-trained on synthetic data and then fine-tuned in two stages: first on errorful corpora, and second on a combination of errorful and error-free parallel corpora. We design custom token-level transformations to map input tokens to target corrections. Our best single-model/ensemble GEC tagger achieves an F_0.5 of 65.3/66.5 on CONLL-2014 (test) and F_0.5 of 72.4/73.6 on BEA-2019 (test). Its inference speed is up to 10 times as fast as a Transformer-based seq2seq GEC system.


Introduction Self-assembly of small molecules or polymer guests into the channels of host cyclodextrins (CDs) yield CD inclusion complexes (ICs). These ICs have applications from drug delivery to nanowires. Despite their abundant usage, there are still unresolved aspects of IC formation. In order to create more complex materials with unique applications, we believe that the kinetics of IC formation must be understood clearly. One of the intriguing questions is how host CDs choose their guests when two polymer chains favorable for making an IC are both present. Previously, Tonelli et al. discovered that CDs have a higher affinity to thread PCL than PLLA. Even if the PLLA chains are inside the CD channels initially, PCL chains replace them by pushing out the primary host PLLA chains. CDs have relatively hydrophobic cavities and hydrophilic surfaces, and hydrophobic polymers self-assemble inside the hydrophobic CD cavities. We hypothesize that PCL pushes PLLA out of the CD channel because it is more hydrophobic. We are exploring this competitive IC formation both experimentally and with computer simulations. Our goal is to demonstrate that more hydrophobic polymers replace primary guest polymers that are less hydrophobic, when the same solvent is employed for both polymers. Nylon6 and nylon-11 are suitable for this purpose, since both can dissolve in formic acid and form ICs with α-CD. The simulations provide complementary molecular level insights into the system.


(26/67); UC: 29.3% (17/59) with the median interval to surgery greatest in UC (CD: 21 (IQR: 9-71) vs. UC 63 (IQR: 12-84) weeks, p = 0.2409). Most CD patients who had surgery post VDZ (61.5%, 16/26) had had 2 prior biologics as compared to none who had VDZ first line ( p = 0.184) whereas in UC, biologic exposure had less impact on surgery rate ( p = 0.592). Conclusions Our data suggests VDZ recapture for relapse fol-lowing discontinuation of therapy for remission, sequencing Ustekinumab after VDZ in complex/refractory CD and anti-TNF therapy before or after VDZ in UC are options in the management algorithm of IBD.


Objective: To study preimplantation of embryo blastomeres with X, Y dual color probes, and to search the clinical value of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in preimplantation diagnosis. Methods: Embryos biopsy were perfomed or all the oocyte zone was dissolved, single cells were harvested and followed by fixation and in situ hybridization. Results: The ratio of hybridization was 79.49%, the ratio of valuable results obtaining was 23.98%. With the method of biopsy, the ratios of fixation, hybridization, fluorescent signals after hybridization and full fluorescent signal were 84.06%, 77.59%, 33.33% and 21.74%, respectively which had no significant differences compare with the methods that all the oocyte zone was dissolved and shaped single cells were got directly (77.17%, 80.61%, 40.51% and 25.20%). Conclusion: Fluorescent in situ hybridization with X,Y dualcolr probes is valuable for genetic diagnosis before implantation. [


This experiment was executed to investigate the effect of activation of veneer surface by oxidizing agents, hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid, on bonding characteristics of Malas(Homalium foetidum Benth) plywood, in which the effects of these oxidizing agents amount, pretreatment time, and pressing time and temperatue on shear strength of the plywood were examined and discussed. In this research the activation of veneer surface by oxidants was effective in raising shear strength but the difference in shear strength was not observed between hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid treatment. Hydrogen peroxide treatment, however, seemed to be more profitable to industrial application because of its lower concentration and easier handling than nitric acid. The bonding method by lignin-phenol adhesive through surface activation revealed inferior shear strength to phenol- and urea-formaldehyde adhesive but superior water resistance to urea-formaldehyde adhesive and this bonding method, in addition, have the advantage of lower cost compared with phenol-formaldehyde adhesive, Therefore, this bonding method by lignin-phenol adhesive through surface activation seemed to economical in manufacturing of water-resistant wood panel materials in future.


In order to obtain a more controlled durability and long-term performance of concrete structures in chloride containing environment special care is needed in the design phase of reinforced concrete structures. The recent development of probability-based procedures has proven to give a more realistic basis for both durability design and condition assessment of reinforced concrete structures. Although there is still a lack of relevant data, this approach has been successfully applied to several new concrete structures, where requirements to a more controlled durability and service life have been specified. Since parameters both for concrete durability and environmental exposure typically show a high scatter, a probability-based approach has shown to give a very powerful basis for durability analysis. This approach is primarily being applied for obtaining a more controlled durability and long-term performance of new concrete structures, but it also provides a very valuable basis for condition assessment of existing concrete structures in chloride containing environment. In the present paper, the probability-based durability analysis is briefly described and used in order to demonstrate the importance and sensitivity of the various parameters affecting and controlling the durability of concrete structures in chloride containing environment. The results show that this procedure provides valuable information concerning the design options, making the decision process more reliable.


Abstract This paper introduces a tool enabling e-learning of modelling and simulation in a user-friendly and unique way – the MMT system. MMT stands for Mathematics, Modelling and Tools. One of the things taught with the help of the MMT system is lectures of basic mathematics, where students can experiment with MMT examples concerning Analysis and Linear Algebra to strengthen their understanding of the current subject of the lecture. The most important use of the MMT server lies in the support of teaching modelling and simulation. By varying the input parameters of models on the MMT server students can find out in which way they affect the simulation. To enable profound understanding of the models, all source codes are offered to be downloaded from the MMT system. The paper starts with a simple example to become acquainted with the MMT environment and understand the interaction of the MMT example with the corresponding function. One of the latest achievements within the MMT system has been the successful inclusion of examples accessing several m-files and further even Simulink models. The communication between the MMT server and a Simulink model is realised in a m-file exchanging parameters and output among the model and the respective MMT example. The last part of the paper discusses the use of the MMT system in exams, which is realised by the e-learning platform TUWEL. Via this tool students are asked to find out specific data coordinates or input values for a given problem on the MMT server.


Since the introduction of the Australian Recognition Framework (ARF), the ways in which competency-based assessments are conducted in vocational education and workplace settings have become increasingly important. The conversion to Training Packages has meant that competency-based assessment is now a major quality assurance mechanism within the vocational education and training (VET) sector. As such, it is the assessment and assessment outcomes, as opposed to curriculum, which is directly linked to credentials under the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF). In recent years, the quality assurance of assessment has focussed on the conduct of the assessments. However, the quality of the assessment outcomes lies not so much in the quality of the assessments conducted but rather in the effective and ongoing quality management of the assessment system in which these assessments take place. This paper explores the issues surrounding current changes and innovations in the VET sector and the design, establishment and management of an assessment system. The aim of the paper is to review national and state policy implications for designing, establishing and managing an assessment system within the ARF. It will review key developments, reports and case studies to then identify and explore key principles that need to be applied when establishing an effective quality improving assessment system.


By employing supply chain theory, this analyzes the market reformation in the power industry. Suggesting that the electric network corporation should be the control center of the controllable type electric supply chain in the future. Applying the game theory, it is proposed that it is necessary for the network corp. to reprogram its business, making it. Possible for the network corp to avoid economic risk more effciently, supervise the electric producer more impartially, keep the electric network in a good condition, collect information from the whole chain, and provide more valuable service to all supply chain members in production and sale. Finally the paper chiefly plans the future business of the network operation as a core organization in the electric supply chain.


Usually, an Ar gas adding hydrogen gas is used for the fabrication of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) films by reactive sputtering. The sputtered films contain Ar atoms of more than 5 at. %. These implanted Ar+ ions degrade the film quality, and H atoms, which terminate dangling bonds, leave the film easily by heating to about 300 °C. A He atom has a lighter atomic mass and smaller atomic radius than an Ar atom. Therefore, the reactive sputtered films using the He gas will be less affected by the implanted He+ ions than they will by the implanted Ar+ ions of those sputtered by Ar gas. Infrared absorption (IR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements of the films sputtered by He gas are made and compared with those sputtered by Ar gas.


Abstract : This article examines the use of exclamation marks in three versions of August Strindberg's drama Creditors, the Swedish original from 1888, Strindberg's own translation into French from the same year and the adaptation made by his French text editor Georges Loiseau, published in 1894. Some comparisons are also made with the first German translation from 1893. The comparisons show that there are important modifications in the different versions and that the exclamation marks influence the tone of the dialogues and add to the characterization of the play's protagonists.


Whole-body and wrist exposure to X-radiation from airport baggage inspection systems is documented. Specially designed badges were worn by 72 security personnel for 2-week intervals at 5 major United States airports. At least one model of each baggage X-ray system in use during the study was investigated. The data represent the total exposure received by security personnel under normal working conditions. Measurements of the X-ray exposures over the 2-week period ranged from 0 to 16.4 milliroentgen with little difference noted between whole-body and wrist exposures. The results indicate that no measured dose equivalent exceeded the limits specified in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard for ionizing radiation.


This study focused on the canned mackerel cooking juice for preparing bioactive peptide.The solubilized proteins contained in mackerel cooking juice was collected and hydrolyzed by three commercial enzymes,including flavor protease,neutral protease and papain. Results showed that the flavor protease was the best enzyme. The single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were employed to determine the optimal condition of enzymatic hydrolysis. The optimal enzymolysis condition included 5 g substance( i. e. 5 m L cooking juice),the ratio of flavor enzyme / substance of 28. 6mg / m L,time of 5 h,p H 6. 0 and 50 ℃. Small molecules electrophoresis of products obtained under the optimal condition indicated that major proteins in canned mackerel cooking juice were effectively hydrolyzed by flavor protease. The antioxidant activities of the enzymolysis product were evaluated.The results showed that the peptide- rich product possessed a DPPH radical scavenging activity with the IC50 of 31. 35 mg / m L,and a good hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with the IC50 of 9. 807 mg /m L as well as a strong reducing power with the IC50 of 7. 019 mg / m L.


We present a method for calculating the low-energy spectra of superconducting circuits with arbitrarily strong anharmonicity and coupling. As an example, we numerically diagonalize the Hamiltonian of a fluxonium qubit inductively coupled to a readout resonator. Our method treats both the anharmonicity of the Hamiltonian and the coupling between qubit and readout modes exactly. Calculated spectra are compared to measured spectroscopy data for this fluxonium-resonator system. We observe excellent quantitative agreement between theory and experiment that is not possible with a purely perturbative approach.


Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. Nora) plants, transformed with carnation ACC synthase (DC-ACS1) cDNA in sense or antisense orientation (the transgenes are sACS transgene and aACS transgene, respectively) by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer were produced. Cut flowers of all the transgenic lines obtained, 2 lines transformed with sACS transgene and 3 lines with aACS transgene, showed suppressed ethylene production during natural senescence as compared with flowers of the non-transformed control line. Among 5 transgenic lines, the sACS-1 line harboring sACS transgene had the severest reduction in ethylene production from flowers, and the flowers lost their vase-life with drying and discoloration in the rim of petals, the ethylene-independent deterioration of carnation flowers. DNA gel blot analysis revealed that the loci of sACS transgenes in the sACS-1 line were different from those in the 16-0-66 line, which is another transgenic line of different origin harboring sACS transgene, although both lines have two copies of the transgenes.


We examine the problem of stability of persistent currents in a mixture of two Bose gases trapped in an annular potential. We evaluate the critical coupling for metastability in the transition from quasi-one- to two-dimensional motion. We also evaluate the critical coupling for metastability in a mixture of two species as a function of the population imbalance. The stability of the currents is shown to be sensitive to the deviation from one-dimensional motion.


PURPOSE: To analyze part of the knowledge production in the field of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. METHODS: The articles published in the following journals from the year 2000 to 2005 were analyzed: Revista de Disturbios da Comunicacao; Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia; Revista Fonoatual and Revista Pro-fono. The studied variables were: topic, age range of the studied population, type of intervention, and institutional context. RESULTS: Seven hundred and twenty four articles were published during the period analyzed. The prevailing subject, either individually or in combination with other topics, was Oral Language (282), followed by Audiology (232), Orofacial Myology (91) and Voice (62). The prevailing age range studied was children from three to ten years old (145). Diagnosis and/or evaluation was the most mentioned type of intervention (547), in clinical (542), school (63) and hospital (32) contexts. CONCLUSION: Results reflected an increase of publications in the area during the studied period. The need for a more balanced distribution of topics, age groups, types of intervention, and institutional contexts in future publications is discussed. Further studies regarding knowledge production in the area would allow not only the historic registry of what has been investigated by speech-language therapists and audiologists, but also the definition of actions and strategic fields for implementing research in the area.


The research reported in this paper is the product of one of a group of projects concerned with the automation of simple underwater manipulation tasks. An architecture for sensor fusion is presented which has been developed to integrate high frequency sonar and laser data. Also presented is a novel sensor error model for a high frequency pencil-beam sonar, with experimental results showing a typical 3-dimensional representation generated using the model.


Background Episiotomy was introduced into clinical practice without clear evidence of its benefits.The knowledge and understanding of episiotomy guidelines and practice by healthcare workers is substandard in our setting; hence, the injudicious use of this procedure have led to high rates. Aim To assess the knowledge, perception and practice of episiotomy by healthcare workers. Setting Research was conducted in a Pietermaritzburg complex, South Africa. Methods A questionnaire-based survey was conducted amongst healthcare workers regarding episiotomy practice. In addition to providing demographic data, the participants were requested to respond to 35 proposed statements regarding episiotomy practice. Data were analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. Results One hundred and forty-two midwives and 66 medical practitioners completed the questionnaires. There were variations in responses to several statements on episiotomy practice by medical practitioners and nurses based on their level of experience. This study found that the majority of HCWs did not have access to a protocol or policy on episiotomy practice in their units; furthermore, nor knowledge of the South African guidelines for maternity care on episiotomy practice. Significantly, more medical practitioners felt a need for more in-service training and an increase in the number of episiotomies performed under supervision. The commonly reported reason for performing an episiotomy by both medical practitioners and midwives was to reduce 3rd – 4th degree perineal tears. Conclusion Healthcare workers in our setting displayed poor knowledge about the practice of episiotomy and were not aware of existing national guidelines on episiotomy practice.


A self-aligned HBT (heterojunction bipolar transistor) technology using polymide for insulating the emitter contact from the base contact is described. A 1- mu m emitter-width HBT with maximum oscillation frequency of 86 GHz was successfully fabricated. This processing was also applied to fabricate frequency-divider ICs. An operating frequency of 18 GHz was obtained with good reproducibility.<<ETX>>


The developments of new software suggest new trends in connputer applications supporting the organization of the archaeological record. Archaeological stratigraphy is one of the best frames for the knowledge of the past and many attempts have been made to control each value recognized on the field (excavations, geognostic research) both in urban sites and in the landscape. With the help of software used in geology it is possible now to relate stratigraphical data to build predictive maps for the management and preservation of archaeological heritage. Other software used for a three-dimensional visualization can add information of architectural elements to integrate the reconstruction of stratigraphy. With the support of GIS and statistical software we can complete the path toward the analysis of archaeological content.


We study the appearance of a novel phenomenon for coupled identical bursters: synchronized bursts where there are changes of spike synchrony within each burst. The examples we study are for normal form elliptic bursters where there is a periodic slow passage through a Bautin (codimension two degenerate Andronov-Hopf) bifurcation. This burster has a subcritical Andronov-Hopf bifurcation at the onset of repetitive spiking while the end of burst occurs via a fold limit cycle bifurcation. We study synchronization behavior of two Bautin-type elliptic bursters for a linear direct coupling scheme as well as demonstrating its presence in an approximation of gap-junction and synaptic coupling. We also find similar behaviour in system consisted of three and four Bautin-type elliptic bursters. We note that higher order terms in the normal form that do not affect the behavior of a single burster can be responsible for changes in synchrony pattern; more precisely, we find within-burst synchrony changes associated with a turning point in the spontaneous spiking frequency (frequency transition). We also find multiple synchrony changes in similar system by incorporating multiple frequency transitions. To explain the phenomenon we considered a burst-synchronized constrained model and a bifurcation analysis of the this reduced model shows the existence of the observed within-burst synchrony states. Within-burst synchrony change is also found in the system of mutually delaycoupled two Bautin-type elliptic bursters with a constant delay. The similar phenomenon is shown to exist in the mutually-coupled conductance-based Morris-Lecar neuronal system with an additional slow variable generating elliptic bursting. We also find within-burst synchrony change in linearly coupled FitzHugh-Rinzel


As the Earth's surface is mostly covered by water, the sea represents an enormous source of clean energy. This source is so far minimally exploited, but its potential is much larger than the entire global energy demand. This energy can be converted from different forms as tidal, wave, marine current, temperature variation, and salinity, representing an effective resource for most of the planet. Conversion strategies and technologies developed so far have demonstrated the feasibility and the interest in such a large issue, showing the way forward to big challenges to match with. Recent advances in engineering and technology led to more efficient and cost-effective solutions. Different governments have provided funding to research activities regarding the exploitation of marine energy, most notably UK, China, USA, Canada, Sweden, Portugal, Ireland, Spain, Australia, Korea, Nigeria, New Zealand, Mexico, and Japan. As a result of this interest, a large number of devices, exploiting different marine energy components, have been proposed. Many marine energy converters have been patented, while some have already been considered mature for application. The extraordinary variety of the proposed technologies testifies both the vitality of the field and the ingenuity of the researchers in the field. In this special issue authors submitted their original contributions and review articles that cover the main important aspects related to ocean technologies, mainly focusing on wave, ocean current, and tidal energy harvesting. Numerical simulations and experimental validation have been carried out. Several devices have already been built and performance is reported. Efficiency is a key point for this kind of application; thus, a strong effort has been made in order to develop control algorithms and mechanical solutions which improve the performance of the energy conversion. It is now a common opinion that marine energy conversion will be one of the leading research fields at least in the next 15 years.


People's life and the development of economy are strongly affected by extreme weather,and climate fluctuations have attracted the great attention from international society.There is general scientific consensus that increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas is the major reason for world warming.Both China and USA are countries of the great carbon emissions,thus their policies will affect even the whole international society.For the public,as the participant of the decision making of climate change,on the one hand,their cognition will impact the government decision,and on the other hand,the performance will impact the policy effect.The comparison between China's and USA's public cognition for climate changes may be applied to provide more reasonable suggestions for environmental decision making.


This article presents a study of the major corrosion problems of steel structures in rubber and palm oil mill industries in Malaysia. Such structures, improperly coated with protective treatment (commercial coatings) were easily damaged by corrosion due to the environment within a month's time. In order to prevent these types of corrosion problems, the epoxy‐silicone resin based paints were developed. The performance of the coatings were evaluated. These studies confirm the fact that the epoxy‐silicone coatings are effectively useful for protection of steel structures in these industries for considerably longer times.


Introduction PART ONE: CONCISE DICTIONARY OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT PART TWO: TOPIC ESSAYS Accountability Assessment Community Education Educational Planning Inspection (1) Her Majesty's Inspectorate (2) Office for Standards in Education Leadership Legislation Local Education Authority Local Financial Management Managing Change National Curriculum Public Examinations (1) Academic (2) Vocational Quality Management Restructuring and Transformation School Governors School Improvement and Effectiveness Schooling (1) Primary (2) Secondary (3) GM and CAC (4) Independent Special Educational Needs (1) Learning difficulties (2) Physical and sensory disabilities (3) Emotional and behavioural problems Staff Development Staffing the School (1) Teaching staff (2) Ancillary staff Teacher Appraisal Teacher Qualification Universities PART THREE: ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Bibliography


The goal of this project was to develop suitable nontoxic two-phase heat transport fluids for manned spacecraft habitats. To meet the NASA two-phase fluid design criteria, the fluids must be nontoxic, nonflammable and thermally stable. They must also have suitable vapor pressure, melting point and other thermophysical property characteristics to maximize thermal performance and minimize system mass. An innovative computational chemistry approach, combined with extensive thermophysical, toxicity, flammability, and thermal stability testing, was used on this effort to identify, screen, and test candidate heat transport fluids. Several fluids were found that have suitable characteristics for use in manned spacecraft habitats. These fluids can be used in single-phase or two-phase pumped loop systems, heat pipes, or heat pumps.


Abstract Detailed information on the preparation and application of antiozonants to the production of rubber has been collected from the patents published till 1987 inclusive. From among the numerous organic compounds acting as antiozonants and antioxidants, several classes can be distinguished and grouped on the gasis of the type and number of heteroatoms in their molecules: N1, N2, N3, N4, N1O2, O2S1, O1, P2S4, P1 etc. The principal method used for the synthesis of antiozonants depend on the type of the chemical compound and the initial products which are mostly obtained from petroleum. N-alkyl, N′-aryl-paraphenylene diamines and quinolines are the most appropriate antiozonants under dynamic conditions, whereas N,N′-dialkyl-paraphenylene diamines and nickel dithiocarbamate suit static conditions. Among nonstaining antiozonants, some phosphorus and sulphur-containing compounds are used. Antiozonants are usually added to rubber mixtures along with various waxes.


ABSTRACT Objective: We assessed whether college-student characteristics associate with food security and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and whether these associations differ in students in housing with and without food provision. Participants: 514 randomly-sampled students from a large, Midwestern, public university in 2012 and 2013 Methods: Ordered logistic regression tested how student characteristics associate with food security. Linear regression tested how student characteristics associate with FV intake. Analyses were stratified by housing type – that is, housing with food provision (dormitory, fraternity/sorority house, cooperative) vs. housing without food provision.Results: Only among those living in housing without food provision, males (p = 0.04), students without car access (p = 0.005), and those with marginal (p = 0.001) or low (p = 0.001) food security demonstrated lower FV intake. Conclusions: Housing with food provision may buffer the effects of student characteristics on food.


In recent years Gas Electron Multipliers [1] have proven to be reliable amplification stages at high beam rates, and can be used also in Time Projection Chambers [2]. Our group developed a 1 dm3 active volume double-GEM TPC, with spatial resolution of 50 μm and 280 μm. Custom designed FPGA data acquisition system enables rate capability for about 100 kHz⋅mm−2, providing excellent track-by-track position and angular information, better than 0.1 mm and 1 mrad respectively. The wide dynamic range of the system enables identification from 4He up to 86Kr using ionization measurement. Two of these TPCs are planned to operate in tandem mode [3,4] to filter off-time particles and to achieve a superior angular resolution.


Non-visual aural web browsing remains inefficient as compared to regular browsing with visual modalities. This paper proposes an approach for automation of repetitive browsing tasks by using personalized macros, which are easy to record and replay with a speech-enabled interface. The prototype system is implemented in the framework of the HearSay non-visual web browser.


In this paper, a novel resource allocation design is investigated for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enhanced heterogeneous networks (HetNets), where small cell base stations (SBSs) are capable of communicating with multiple small cell users (SCUs) via the NOMA protocol. With the aim of maximizing the sum rate of SCUs while taking the fairness issue into consideration, a joint problem of spectrum allocation and power control is formulated. In particular, the spectrum allocation problem is modeled as a many-to-one matching game with peer effects. We propose a novel algorithm where the SBSs and resource blocks interact to decide their desired allocation. The proposed algorithm is proved to converge to a two-sided exchange-stable matching. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of 'exploration' into the matching game for further improving the SCUs' sum rate. The power control of each SBS is formulated as a non-convex problem, where the sequential convex programming is adopted to iteratively update the power allocation result by solving the approximate convex problem. The obtained solution is proved to satisfy the Karush-Kuhn–Tucker conditions. We unveil that: 1) the proposed algorithm closely approaches the optimal solution within a limited number of iterations; 2) the 'exploration' action is capable of further enhancing the performance of the matching algorithm; and 3) the developed NOMA-enhanced HetNets achieve a higher SCUs' sum rate compared with the conventional OMA-based HetNets.


The present invention provides a curvic coupling for rotary coupling (400), a plurality of teeth disposed on a predetermined circle (402, 403), radial (407) and in the circumferential direction (409) a plurality of protruding from the circular surface extending in the teeth (402, 403) and are curvic coupling comprising a (400), one tooth of the plurality of teeth (403) side (411) is, faces the side surface (413) of the other teeth of the plurality of teeth (402), one tooth (403) is provided adjacent to the other teeth (402), divided surface (404) is divided from the other teeth (402) by dividing plane (404) is a plane which is arranged in a circle plane (405), divided surface (404), one of the teeth (403 side of) (411) and the other tooth Includes central projecting portion (423) between the side surface 402) (413), a central protrusion (423) protrudes from the circular surface, about curvic coupling.


Multi-monitor setups are common in various domains such as stock exchange, ship bridges, and emergency control centers. We developed a light display for such a multi-monitor setup, that is controlled by eye-tracker input to guide the attention of a user from the currently focused display to another display, that is in demand of attention. Together with HCI experts for light displays we designed, implemented, and evaluated three different strategies for attention guidance with our light display in a user study. We found that ambient guidance cues that begin at the current focus of the user are faster in guiding the user to a target in the periphery than ambient guidance cues in the peripheral vision of the user.


Since crude oil is the most important trade commodity in the world, to understand the trend of international oil prices is an inevitable subject in the energy area. Although many papers had devoted lots of important concepts and addressed many methods to discover the issues of world oil prices, its dynamic evolution always provides us some research topics. The reversal of the spread between WTI and Brent is one of the hot topics in recent years. By tracing this issue for years, these authors found several interesting methods to capture the evolution of crude oil prices.


Using ten early and late super rice varieties as the materials,the dry matter production characteristics of double cropping super rice were studied in field conditions.The results showed that early and late super rice had obvious superiority in dry matter production and accumulation,and the grain yield increased with the biomass.There was a significant or very significant positive correlation between the grain yield and the dry matter accumulation after heading,but there was not a correlation between the grain yield and the dry matter accumulation before heading.There was also a very significant positive correlation between the grain yield and the LAI after heading.The ratio of shoot dry weight to leaf area index in the first branch differentiation stage was closely related to the ear-bearing tiller rate and grain yield,so it can be used as a population quality indicator during the transition period from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.


In order to inspect the precision of measuring equipment on measuring ship brought by hull distortion for the en- vironment, an inspect equipment is developed. The equipment is based on high precision encoder, uses the reflection char- acteristic of plane reflector to transform hull distortion into displacement, which is received by photoelectric receiver, de- als with CCD, and gives the offset of angle. The equipment is applied the measuring angle system of some type measuring ship. The results prove the equipment is feasible, and having many advantages such as simple configuration, easy instal- ling and adjusting, high measuring precision.


Regarding endocarditis prophylaxis, there is an increasing burden of enterococci related to antibiotic resistances. The testing of the bacterial milieu of the oral cavity before dental procedures may be promising to adjust the antibiotics.


This research analyzes the current taxation system in Russia, reveals the main sources of tax revenues to the country's budget, lists the successful projects of the Federal Tax Service of Russia that have recently been implemented and brought additional profit to the consolidated budget. At the same time, the author also identifies the basic shortcomings and shortcomings in the modern taxation system in Russia, separately noting the fact that in Russia charges differ significantly from receipts, in connection with which there is an increase in economic crimes in the country. In addition, this paper notes the need to develop measures aimed at minimizing taxes for small and medium-sized businesses or switching to a single tax with exemption from it for newly created organizations for the first three years. In the article, the author notes the need to form a simplified taxation system not only for small and medium-sized businesses, in particular at the regional level, but also for the entire population of the country. At the end of the study, conclusions and a number of recommendations are presented, aimed at improving the effectiveness of the implementation of the main functions of the taxes studied here.


Interfaculty collaboration between academics at Central Queensland University teaching engineering design, industrial administration, and ergonomics, led to a realisation of how important it was for ergonomics and engineering professionals to be able to understand each other, and effectively work together. This led to funding being secured for a project to develop a model for holistic interdisciplinary communication and professional practice. The first cycle in this action research based project was for the academics to learn about each other's discipline, and to learn each other's language. This cycle is coming to an end. The second cycle of curriculum development has just started. Through their own teamwork, the authors have become convinced that the best solutions to any design problem will be found by true interdisciplinary team based problem solving, not two discipline teams working independently on the same problem. The model being developed therefore will use cooperative learning between students of the different disciplines.


This work has been updated to include Windows compatible software. It also includes topics on: pulse oximetry; accidental poisoning; diseases of major body systems; and fundamental nursing concepts and principles.


The morphological characteristics of different populations of mitten crab(Eriocheir sp.) from Changjiang,Liaohe,Oujiang,Haihe,Nanliujiang and Russia(Vladivostok) were studied.Thirty-seven morphological metric parameters in carapace and appendage were evaluated by cluster analysis for discrimination.The results showed that the crab from 6 river systems were divided into two major groups: one group comprising the samples from Changjang,Liaohe,Oujiang and Haihe,the other including the samples from Nanliujiang and Russia.The accuracy rate of discrimination were 97.46% and 87.10% using four morphological characters.Mean accuracy rate of discrimination was 95.302%.The accuracy rate of discrimination from Liaohe,Changjang,Oujiang and Haihe were 76.47%,100%,87.50% and 91.89%,respectively,with mean discrimination accuracy rate was 92.373% from the four populations.


THE analysis of the movement of contemporary Protestant thought, on both its right wing and its left, in respect of what is on any reckoning its central doctrine, results in the dilemma that either it must place the focal point of Christian faith in history itself and then find it swallowed up by the relativities and uncertainties of history, or else it must place it behind history and then find itself compelled to refer to it by metaphysical terms and concepts which belong to a bygone age and may not be significant for the present


The possibility of enhancing the frequency performance of electrochemical capacitors by tailoring the nanostructure of the carbon electrode to increase electrolyte permeability is demonstrated. Highly porous, vertically oriented carbon electrodes which are in direct electrical contact with themetallic current collector are produced via MPECVD growth on metal foils. The resulting structure has a capacitance and frequency performance between that of an electrolytic capacitor and an electrochemical capacitor. Fully packaged devices are produced on Ni and Cu current collectors and performance compared to state-of-the-art electrochemical capacitors and electrolytic capacitors. The extension of capacitive behavior to the AC regime (∼100 Hz) opens up an avenue for a number of new applications where physical volume of the capacitor may be significantly reduced.


isolation at the expense of considering the social determinants of its seemingly private personae. Further, the argument will explain how this movement towards privacy constitutes a legitimate criticism of the limited professional conditions and opportunities for public responsibility that frustrated ambitious lyric poets of the 1740s, 1750s, and 1760s. In particular, the essay will discuss three related problems that "poets of sensibility" confronted: (1) The urge to uphold a purified notion of high poetic tradition that is not contaminated by the demands of commercial publishing, venality, or partisan politics: the isolated, sensitive poetic speaker attempts to preserve his artistic or ethical integrity in the face of these corrupting influences. (2) The search for a legitimate, socially responsive basis of poetic power: for example, odes about the powers of poetry or the heroics of King David reflect a desire for the convergence of aesthetic, moral, political, and cathartic aims in a reformed republic of letters; in addition, such poems idealize a state of public participation and civic responsibility for their writers, even as they assume an isolated stance to criticize political, commercial, and other forces that fragment the poet's traditional social pur-


CLINICAL COURSE OF ACUTE ENTERIC INFECTION (AEI) IN PATIENTS FROM 6 MONTHS TO 5 YEARS WAS ANALYZED. ADDITION OF DIOSMECTIT (NEOSMECTIN) IN SUSPENSION TO THE COMPLEX THERAPY OF AEI IN CHILDREN (N = 70) REDUCED DURATION OF INTESTINAL SYNDROME AND ELIMINATED INTOXICATION FASTER THEN IN GROUP OF CHILDREN, TREATED WITH ONLY BASIC THERAPY (N = 55). EFFECTIVENESS OF DIOSMECTIT WAS STRONGLY PRONOUNCED IN CHILDREN UPWARDS 1 YEAR OLD AND DID NOT DEPEND ON PERIOD OF ITS PRESCRIPTION (FROM THE ONSET OF DISEASE). CONFIRMED LABORATORY EFFECTIVENESS OF DIOSMECTIT ALLOWS USING IT IN TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH VIRAL AND BACTERIAL AEI


Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is cultivated throughout Brazilian territory and produced in an approximate area of 30 thousand hectares, with production equivalent to 900 thousand tons of roots. Studies about inoculation of this crop are rare, despite the potential of this technology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation and coinoculation with rhizobacteria and the use of a bioinducer on carrot development. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, in Ponte Alta do Norte-SC. The experiment was designed in completely randomized block, with 6 treatments and 5 replicates. The treatments were T1: control, with 100% of recommended N fertilization and without inoculation; T2: 20% N, no inoculation; T3: 20% N + inoculation with B. subtilis; T4: 20% N + inoculation with P. fluorescens; T5: 20% N + coinoculation with B. subtilis and P. fluorescens and T6: 20% N + Bioinducer. Regarding plant height, there was statistical difference among treatments at 38, 45, 95 and 100 DAS. Averages were 9.3 cm in T1, 13.8 cm in T6, 66.1 cm in T5 and 71, 84 cm in T5, respectively. However, at 52, 66 and 80 DAS there was no statistical difference among treatments.,Statistical difference in number of leaves occurred only at 66 DAS, when T4 presented the highest number of leaves (9.40 / plant). As for the variable number of dry leaves, T2 and T5 were the treatments that promoted smaller number of dry leaves (mean of 0.65). T1 presented higher values of fresh aerial part mass (142.49 g). Root length was also different, with T5 providing the highest mean, of 24.28 cm. There was no difference in root volume (259.02 ml), as well as in fresh (231.03 g) or dry (19.8 g) mass. As for the anomalies, there were no statistical differences between treatments. The treatments with inoculation and co-inoculation positively influenced the rooting, accumulation of photoassimilates and water. It is recommended that further studies be conducted in the area, with other soil conditions, climate and other factors.


Renal stones are heterogeneous composites of numerous microscopic crystals (e.g., calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, etc.) and 2–3 wt % amorphous organic "matrix". Uric acid kidney stones are often red–orange–brown in color, though uric acid crystals are colorless. The stone color originates from a variety of components in the matrix, some of which are a broad range of urinary pigments or urochrome. Herein, we report the first definitive structure of one of these pigments, urorosein, and its ability to form intracrystalline inclusions in single crystals of both anhydrous uric acid and uric acid dihydrate. The preferred orientation of the included urorosein molecules in the uric acid crystals was determined through polarized light microspectroscopy. On the basis of these results, it seems likely that other urochrome pigments can locate in both intercrystalline and intracrystalline spaces in urinary precipitates. This expands the conventional picture of where "matrix" resides in these composite ...


This paper reports on a study that questions whether the preservice secondary practicum delivers the quality learning experiences it promises. Many voices are silenced in preservice teacher education. This research highlights the complexities of qualitative research in schools. Contradictions are explored and lead to the examination of the gap between 'projects of possibility' and an education process hijacked by those looking backwards. A clearly articulated and defended 'theory of the practicum' is needed if the reflective and moral work of teachers is to underpin the practicum and promote knowledge construction in ways that are equitable and just for our young people. Six stories of the practicum are written into existence from observations in secondary preservice classrooms. These have been interrogated by the education community to uncover perspectives that support the role of 'theory' based teacher education as opposed to the currently proffered 'school based' training. Indeed there is evidence that reflection, understanding and meaning making (theory building) better support teachers as connected 'knowers' and 'thinkers'. Such teachers are capable of engaging students in quality learning that will prepare them for a future of change, challenge and authentic learning. These findings are counter to the politically expedient 'apprenticeship' and 'bag of tricks' discourse. Introduction I use narrative to engage, confront and interact with my readers so that together we can make sense of the extremely complex process of the secondary preservice practicum. Stories can be a powerful heuristic for lifting some tentative ideas, impressions and beliefs into the world of readers, and in this project preservice teachers, mentor teachers, secondary teachers and teacher educators have read and responded in their own way to stories of the practicum. This has allowed ideas to be expressed that have previously been difficult to present in the public arena. By then analysing and critiquing the themes that emerged from the comments and annotations of these readers/respondents, and abstracting these ideas beyond the particular stories, a new understanding of practicum learning is revealed. Admittedly these interpretations of the responses of the readers are filtered through the researchers own theoretical perspective, her world, her orientation and her experience (Kincheloe, 2004: 53) and are influenced by how she can express the thoughts of others. In the telling and scripting of six stories I have written into being and given form to what I perceive are the most significant issues of the secondary practicum. Firstly I have sorted and interpreted the original field notes and through the plots, dialogue, characterisation and descriptions in my stories have organised, analysed and interpreted the data collected in practicum classrooms. The data are then acted on a third time, where the perspectives of readers and their reactions to the stories are acted upon in meaningful ways to make sense beyond the author's view. In this way these reader/respondents' (the readers who not only agreed to read my stories but also responded to their reading with annotations and comments) and the author/researcher's ideas can be connected with the wider knowledge about schools, teaching, learning and the practicum. These layers of analysis build on each other to expose and illuminate the data (see Table 1) and the resultant units of meaning, meaning concepts, themes and patterns are ways of making sense of and connecting new understandings of practicum learning. What we perceive and the ideas and constructs that orient our thinking, filtered through our sense of the world, provide a scaffold for connecting new ideas. Because there will always be other aspects of situations of which we are not aware, any understandings we have will be partial and selective. We only 'take notice of' or turn our attention to activities, incidents, processes and structures when they fit within our understanding of a 'reality' that is a product of our biography, culture and politics. This is what I mean by perspective. It is about the lens through which we allow ourselves to read the world. These can be both conscious and unconscious lenses. In this study I uncover my own perspectives or partial views, as well as the perspectives of others involved in teacher education. By offering the opportunity to question the 'naturalised' view of the practicum and by analysing the responses of readers to my own perspectives of the teaching practice and professional relationships of the preservice teacher and mentor teachers during the


Abstract This article compares policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and their probable results in three countries: the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation, and the Slovak Republic. The article is based on a multiple case study method. It confirms that in the three countries studied, the timing of policy responses and the success in motivating compliance represent important critical factors in containing the pandemic. It discusses the innovative experiment with nationwide blanket testing in Slovakia and suggests that antigen testing should not be the single and independent policy tool to combat the pandemic.


An unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) scheme is used to obtain approximate solutions of the Hubbard model on a Bethe lattice of infinite connectivity. The UHF energy yields a correct upper bound of the total energy over the whole phase diagram. In addition to the disappearance of antiferromagnetic long-range order away from half-filling, our results give a line separating the magnetic region of the phase diagram from the nonmagnetic one.


The requirements that are placed on today's grid are changing. Traditional power flows from power stations to the nearest big city are giving way to more complex patterns. Growing consumption and power trading mean that power must increasingly be transported over large distances. Growth in the use of renewable sources is placing a strain on the system because generation is often located in remote regions where the power grid is traditionally weak. The wholesale construction of new transmission corridors is not always the best option due to a combination of environmental, land-use, permitgranting and cost considerations. The alternative is to make more intensive use of existing infrastructure without compromising reliability. ABB has the technology that makes it possible!


Introduction: ACT DMD was a 48‐week trial of ataluren for nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy (nmDMD). Patients received corticosteroids for ≥6 months at entry and stable regimens throughout study. This post hoc analysis compares efficacy and safety for deflazacort and prednisone/prednisolone in the placebo arm. Methods: Patients received deflazacort (n = 53) or prednisone/prednisolone (n = 61). Endpoints included change from baseline in 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD), timed function tests, estimated age at loss of ambulation (extrapolated from 6MWD). Results: Mean changes in 6MWD were ‐39.0 m (deflazacort; 95% confidence limit [CL], ‐68.85, ‐9.17) and ‐70.6 m (prednisone/prednisolone; 95% CL, ‐97.16, ‐44.02). Mean changes in 4‐stair climb were 3.79 s (deflazacort; 95% CL, 1.54, 6.03) and 6.67 s (prednisone/prednisolone; 95% CL, 4.69, 8.64). Conclusions: This analysis, limited by its post hoc nature, suggests greater preservation of 6MWD and 4‐stair climb with deflazacort vs. prednisone/prednisolone. A head‐to‐head comparison will better define these differences. Muscle Nerve 58: 639–645, 2018


In this paper an attempt has been made to dissolve poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in non-aqueous medium in the presence of catalytic concentration of C2H5ONO2⋅DMSO (EN⋅DMSO). Poly (vinyl propional) (PVPL) was prepared by acid catalysed homogeneous acetalization of PVA of molecular weight 14,000 with propanaldehyde. The formation of the acetal was confirmed by IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The PVPL prepared had a degree of acetalization of 92 mol%. The molecular mass of the acetal was determined by gel permeation chromatograpy (GPC). The glass transition temperature,Tg and other kinetic parameters were measured from differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) thermograms. Thermal stabilities were checked by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermagravimetric (DTG) method. The acetal decomposed in three stages. The corresponding initial decomposition temperatures were found to be 280, 410 and above 500oC.


Disguised advertising is a modern marketing instrument that is seeing an increase in Croatian business practice but whose application is prohibited by Croatian law. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand whether Croatian businesses really do use disguised advertising, how they do it either in accordance or in contradiction with Croatian law, and whether there is a need to distinguish among several similar but different manifestations and to terminologically determine each one of these. For the purpose of this study, we explored the theoretical, legal and ethnographic conceptualizations of the term disguised advertising in the scientific literature, Croatian legislation and applied communication in business practice. The results of our research show that: a) marketing literature uses various terms for describing brand usage in program content, among which disguised advertising (prikriveno oglasavanje) dominates, whereas product placement (plasman proizvoda) is not mentioned once; b) the law distinguishes between disguised advertising that is prohibited and product placement, as a practise allowed under certain conditions and the one that is by definition identical with disguised advertising in the manner defined by marketing literature; c) business entities in their communication make a distinction between disguised advertising and product placement, and they are trying to move product placement away from disguised advertising by being mentioned as sponsors/partners of the program. The analysis also indicates three different situations in which brands are used in the program content: contracted and correctly indicated brand usage; contracted but not indicated; and not-contracted brand usage. Only the first situation is considered to be a recommended marketing tool; therefore, it is necessary to differentiate it from the other two by its definition and name. It is suggested that this marketing tool be named; brand placement in both marketing literature and legislation, as English literature already recommends. In the long term, this should lead to a proper use of the term in business practice as well.


This study aims to find solution of problems faced by the District of Badau local government regarding to coordination ofDistrict head meeting (muspika) in working on activities. The tittle of this research is based on problems that occur in areaof badau border where the people are lack of their nationalism. The focus of this study is what methods and coordinationtechniques are applied by the body (muspika) of Badau District. Keyword : Coordination, Muspika, Nationalism


Regeneration capabilities of Capsicum annuum cotyledons and leaves were compared. Adventitious buds, leaf like structures and callus formation occurred on both types of explants, roots on cotyledons only. Murashige and Skoog basal medium containing 1.0 mg dm -3 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1.0; 5.0; 10.0; 15.0 mg dm -3 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were used. Adventitious buds were induced more frequently on cotyledons than on leaves. The middle part of cotyledon explants and the distal part of the leaf explants seem to be the best.


Throughout his novelistic career, Thomas Hardy had to face various forms of censorship, to such an extent that one can wonder if they did not contribute to his giving up writing fiction. However, censorship is a complex and ambiguous phenomenon. If there was censorship in literature during the Victorian period, it was mainly more the effect of pervading Puritanism, voiced by leagues of virtue or carried out by editors and publishers, than the result of legal machinery. Literature was only indirectly affected by censorship: editors ensured that 'morality' and the sensibility of 'fragile' readers were respected. Indeed in the 19th century many novels were published serially in magazines aimed at families, women and children. On the other hand, the strategies devised by authors to circumvent censorship were often aesthetically fruitful. One could even wonder whether, paradoxically, Victorian censorship did not favour the expression of the 'forbidden' rather than its repression, whether it did not reveal more than it tried to conceal. This paper will analyse all these issues through the question of sexuality in Tess of the d'Urbervilles, one of Hardy's last novels that was given a particularly rough ride by publishers.