Partridge in a Pear Tree parody. Row of comics and others behind washing machines. The first day of Christmas my true love sent to me etc. The first day of Christmas I saw on TV ... so many washing machines, so many drip drip shirts (Dame washing them) two rubber gloves, and a clock that makes the tea. Include one packet of Daz. Each are produced as mentioned. Eventually porter comes on with trolley of packets. (Get actual number to write parody from) (Marshall 1950s routine in Abbott, Panto 306) Sevenoaks's version of the '12 Days of Christmas' which used Chinese takeaway menu items instead of the now usual 'bra that was made to hold three' and 'five toilet rolls', was also a welcome deviation... (Sladen) The first extract above is from a gag book started in the early 1940s by prolific pantomime author Henry Marshall and now to be found in the Bristol Theatre Collection. The second extract is from an online pantomime review in 2013 by Simon Sladen, British Theatre Guide pantomime critic. This paper will seek to examine Marshall's gag book in order to examine some of the persisting tropes of pantomime performance, as well as considering some of the more specific features of mid-twentieth century repertory theatre pantomime as written by Marshall for Salisbury playhouse for thirty-one years from 1955 to 1985. The distinctive feature of this book of gags and routines is that it was written for inexperienced performers at the beginning of their careers, and therefore contains a level of detail not often found in similar collections. The persistence of the twelve days of Christmas routine over more than fifty years is an indication not only of the force of tradition within pantomime dramaturgy, but also of the important role of learned and passed-on routines within the genre. When Sladen remarks on the ubiquity of the routine in the 2012 season he identifies it as one of the many long-lasting set-pieces still to be seen in pantomime. Marshall's version of the routine requires a prominent role for Daz soap powder rather than items from a chinese restaurant, perhaps in return for supplies for the wardrobe, but in all essentials the routine is unchanged. He also includes a gag showing that the bra with the extra cup is not new either: "This is my Brooke Bond Tea Bra. Two cups, two lumps and one for the pot" (Abbott, Panto 227). Henry Marshall's pantomime gag book When Henry Marshall's gag book was begun in the 1940s, he was writing for commercial theatres such as the Alexandra at Birmingham, with its strong pantomime tradition under Derek Salberg, and the Grand Theatre Wolverhampton, where Marshall's brother Oliver Gordon would later stage many productions. It was at the Theatre Royal Windsor, however, that the two brothers developed many of the routines that would later feature for thirty years in the very popular pantomimes at the Salisbury Playhouse under the management of Reggie Salberg, another member of an eminent theatrical dynasty (Abbott, Panto 21-27). It was presumably this gag book, or an earlier version of it, to which the Manager of the Theatre Royal Windsor was referring when he wrote that Marshall "had an extensive collection of [pantomime routines] in all their many variations. We let him know the kind of thing we wanted for any given spot and he provided it" (Counsell 172). The gag book is now at the Theatre Collection of the University of Bristol as a result of the generosity of Henry's daughter, Emma Battcock, who donated a selection of her father's papers, scripts and other memorabilia in 2008 to form the Henry Marshall Collection. The collection is currently to be found in five boxes and has not yet been classified beyond an accession number (2008/0009). The gag book, however, has now been transcribed and published (Abbott Panto), and it is the purpose of this article to further analyse this artefact of theatrical history and to consider its value as illuminating pantomime in performance, and aspects of the rehearsal process, in repertory and to some extent commercial theatre in the middle years of the twentieth century. …


Interactions of cell surface components with one another and with structures inside and outside the cell may have important physiological functions in the transmission of signals and the assembly of specialized structures. These interactions may be detected and analyzed through their effects on the lateral mobility of cell surface molecules. Measurements by a fluorescence photobleaching method have shown that in general lipid-like molecules diffuse rapidly and freely through the plasma membrane, whereas proteins move much more slowly or appear to be immobile. This dichotomy has been supposed to result from forces beyond the viscosity of the lipid bilayer, which specifically retard the diffusion of membrane proteins. This general picture should be qualified, however, by noting that the lateral mobility of lipid-like molecules can be influenced in detail by changes in the state of the plasma membrane such as result from mitosis or fertilization. The interactions of cell surface proteins that limit their lateral mobility are unknown. The effects of binding concanavalin A to localized regions of cell surface show that these interactions can vary in subtle and complex ways. It may soon be useful to interpret mobility experiments in terms of simple reaction models that attempt to describe surface interactions in physicochemical terms. More experimental data are needed to carry out this program and to relate interactions that affect mobility to the structural connections between cell surface components and the cytoskeleton, which have been detected by biochemical methods and electron and irnmunofluorescence microscopy.


These experiments provide a detailed record of the oscillation of flexible rubber tubes as air flows through them. The tubes are mounted in an experimental rig illustrated in "Oscillation of Flexible Tubes - Onset and Subsequent Behaviour.txt". Air suction is controlled by a voltage between 0 and 10 volts, which tells the suction fan to operate between its minimum and maximum power downstream of the flexible tube. During an experiment this voltage is set by a computer to ramp up slowly to a maximum value, before ramping slowly down again. The ramping speed is chosen so that any behaviour seen has time to reach a quasi-steady state. Throughout this pressure recordings are made at the 4 indicated locations (pu,p1,p2,pd) as well as an acoustic pressure reading close to the flexible tube and a video recording of the rotameter that records the flowrate. Pressures are measured relative to the external atmospheric pressure. The flexible tubes are held in place under a prescribed axial strain. For each experimental run we have recorded the unstrained tube diameter (d), the unstrained tube length (l0), the unstrained tube wall thickness (h), the tube length in the experiment (l), the sampling rate for pressure readings (fs), the pressure in the upstream plenum (pu), just upstream of the tube (p1), just downstream of the tube (p2), and in the downstream plenum (pd), and the acoustic pressure (pa). All pressures are measured relative to the environmental pressure, such that pressures below the environmental pressure are positive. From the video of the rotameter we extract a flowrate for each frame of the video. We then use the acoustic pressure and the sound recording from the video to synchronise these flowrate readings with the pressure readings (pa,p1,p2,pu, and pd are all recorded simultaneously). Hence we obtain a set of flowrate values over time, labelled Q. These readings need to have their own separate time vector. Hence we obtain the following vectors of experimental data; the time vector for pressure readings (time), the time vector for flowrate (time_Q), and the flowrate (Q). For each run we have traces of p1, p2, pu, pd, pa, and Q. These recordings generally reveal a complex set of self excited oscillations. One important metric that we explicitly extract is the onset frequency, denoted f. We define this as the first frequency that appears in p1, p2 and pa that is sustained for more than around 1 second. This is somewhat subjective, but we feel that it is worth having these figures recorded here. We also estimate the uncertainty in this frequency by looking at the variation in frequency seen at onset. Hence we again add the following data; frequency at onset (f), uncertainty in f (f_pm), flowrate at onset (Qo), uncertainty in Qo (Qo_pm), p1 at onset (p1o), uncertainty in p1o (p1o_pm), p2 at onset (p2o), uncertainty in p2o (p2o_pm). In runs where self excited oscillations were not observed (f, f_pm, Qo, Qo_pm, p1o, p1o_pm, p2o, p2o_pm) all have the value "nan". We also store the upstream rigid tube length (lu), and the downstream rigid tube length (ld). Numerical data is stored in a separate csv file for each run, called "runX.csv", which has been compressed, meaning that each file is stored as "runX.tar.bz2". The csv file is arranged in rows. The first column contains the symbol for the variable, and all remaining columns contain the data. We also have a summary csv file called "run_summary.csv". This contains 15 columns, arranged as follows; run_number, d, l0, h, l, f, f_pm, Qo, Qo_pm, p1o, p1o_pm, p2o, p2o_pm, lu, ld.


An adjustable pitch cooking grate includes generally parallel rods and means for changing the pitch of the rods by moving the rods between a closed configuration and a range of open configurations, with different width gaps therebetween. Scissors linkage at the rod ends can move the rods in unison between the open and close configurations. When the rods have flat upper surfaces the rods create a generally flat, smooth, continuous cooking surface when in the closed configuration and a plurality of generally flat coplanar cooking surfaces when in the different open configurations. The pitch changing means can include manual or motorized means for moving the rods between the open and close configurations. The spacing between the rods in a fully open configuration can be equal to about 1-3 times the lateral dimension of the rods. One or more cooking grates can be supported by the cooking grill frame.


The modern quantum theory of magnetism in solids is getting commonly derived using Green's functions formalism. The popularity draws itself from remarkable opportunities to capture the microscopic landscape of exchange interactions, starting from a tight-binding representation of the electronic structure. Indeed, the conventional method of infinitesimal spin rotations, considered in terms of local force theorem, opens vast prospects of investigations regarding the magnetic environment, as well as pairwise atomic couplings. However, this theoretical concept practically does not devoid of intrinsic inconsistencies. In particular, naturally expected correspondence between single and pairwise infinitesimal spin rotations is being numerically revealed to diverge. In this work, we elaborate this question on the model example and canonical case of bcc iron. Our analytical derivations discovered the principal preference of on-site magnetic precursors if the compositions of individual atomic interactions are in focus. The problem of extremely slow or even absent spatial convergence while considering metallic compounds was solved by suggesting the original technique, based on reciprocal space framework. Using fundamental Fourier transform-inspired interconnection between suggested technique and traditional spatial representation, we shed light on symmetry breaking in bcc Fe on the level of orbitally decomposed total exchange surrounding.


Easton's detailed engagement with the Monarchia (especially Book
 III) is a very early – and possibly the earliest – response to Dante by an
 English writer. It forms an important part of the debate about papal
 authority in the later stages in his Defensorium ecclesiastice potestatis,
 and it would influence thinking on the subject in the middle of the
 following century (for example, in John Whethamstede's writing on the
 papacy). The essay considers Easton's reading of and disagreement with
 Dante in the context of the Defensorium's composition at the Avignon
 Curia in the 1370s, along with the possibility that during the English
 cardinal's later years in Italy he and Chaucer might well have known
 about each other's work.


Digital fabrication with concrete (DFC) is fast becoming an attractive alternative for components (i.e., façades, urban furniture) and structural typologies (i.e., short‐span footbridges, columns, floor systems) for which complex geometries derived from particular aesthetical criteria and/or construction time constrictions are governing parameters. Additionally, some authors claim that this process allows improving the sustainability of structures, as less material is necessary compared to traditional concrete solutions, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions linked to material consumption. Nonetheless, the environmental implications of DFC are still under scrutiny and remain objectively unquantified. In this study, a sustainability assessment model to allow decision‐makers to evaluate and compare concrete footbridge alternatives—from the sustainability perspective—including those constructed by means of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) techniques, is presented. The proposed approach is based on the MIVES method. For this purpose, the most representative criteria and indicators of sustainability identified are measured and weighted‐aggregated in a decision‐making tree. The sustainability index (SI) of each alternative is the outcome derived from the application of the model, and the SI was used as reference for evaluating the alternatives. The sustainability of 3D‐printed footbridges is quantified and compared to other concrete‐based solutions: traditional reinforced cast‐in‐place and precast concrete, as traditional solutions, and ultra‐high performance precast concrete and textile‐reinforced concrete, as innovative alternatives. The results of the analysis lead to conclude that 3D‐printed footbridges have positive impacts on environmental and social indicators, but economic indicators still need to be improved to attain a competitive solution. The approach proposed herein to assess the sustainability of footbridges can be extended to other cases and stakeholders' preferences by adapting the components of the method to sensitivities and particular boundary conditions of other scenarios.


Previously derived asymptotics for difiraction by strongly elongated body is generalized to the case of nonaxial incidence. By applying \parabolic" equation method the asymptotics of the fleld in the boundary layer near the surface is constructed. This asymptotics takes into account the rate of elongation of the body and is applicable both to not too much elongated objects, where it reduces to Fock formulae, and to very elongated bodies.


In the article, the authors considered and carried out a socio-economic analysis of the city of Moscow. The authors made offers for improvement on the example of the transport interchange hub "Dmitrievskogo Street". At the same time, the authors note that recreation areas for children and adults will be equipped in the area under consideration, as well as key social infrastructure facilities will be put into operation.


Mass media has played a central role in the construction of the Islamist terrorist
stereotype into the audience imaginary. The lack of representation of Islamic
communities in the press, and a partial and bias coverage about terrorist attacks not only
increase intolerance and xenophobia but also is collaborated to build a perception of an
unsafe society.
The aim of this research is finding if the mass media has collaborated to the increasingly
popular perception of Islamic Terrorism as a global threat, by stereotyping the Muslim
community out and in the West.
Principal finds shown that since the coverage of the 11th September 2001 terrorist
attacks until the end of 2015, the association of the word 'Islamic' with the word
'terrorist' has increased in the media channels. One of the reasons for this rise is the
polarised narrative presented by the newspapers which mainly reproduced Western
discourse
Findings also displayed an unbalance in the portrayal of victims of terrorism. This
portrayal tended to humanise the Western victims and dehumanise the Eastern ones,
what might impact in the choice of the audience to support one side and ignore the other
one.


6027 Background: First-line chemotherapy with platinum and cetuximab is usually offered to RM-HNSCC pts. In the Extreme trial a median PFS time of 5.6 months was reported. However, a small fraction of pts achieves a prolonged PFS (> than 12 months). Until now, no recognized predictive biological factor has been identified. Methods: A group of 14 pts treated with a first-line platinum and cetuximab with a PFS exceeding 12 months (long PFS) and a group of 26 pts with a PFS less than 5.6 months (short PFS) were selected. Tumor specimens of the recurrence (25 cases) or, if not available, of the primary tumor were collected. In order to identify molecular profiles deregulated between the 2 groups, a gene expression microarray analysis was performed using the Whole-Genome DASL assay and HumanHT-12_v4 BeadArray chips (lllumina). Results: The 2 groups were well balanced in regard to recognized prognostic factors (performance status, weight loss, prior radiotherapy, tumor grade, site of primary tumor, residual dis...


Objective To study the inhibitive effect of isorhamnetin on epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) signal pathway of human gastric carcinoma cells in vitro.Methods The inhibitory rate was calculated after the human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells were treated with 0.8×10-4,1.2×10-4,2.4×10-4mol/L isorhamnetin,10% RPMI,0.048mol/L fluorouracil.Expression of EGFR,grb2 and activity of AP-1 were measured by RT-PCR and calcium phosphate-DNA coprecipitation transfection after the SGC-7901 cells were transfected with EGFR and grb2 antisense by Lipofect.Results Inhibitive rate of 55.06%,62.03%,66.46%,70.25% occurred,respectively after 24h of 0.8×10-4,1.2×10-4,2.4×10-4mol/L isorhamnetin and 0.048mol/L fluorouracil treatment.Expression of EGFR,grb2 mRNA and AP-1 activity were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner after 24h of 0.8×10-4,1.2×10-4,2.4×10-4mol/L isorhamnetin treatment.The blockage of EGFR significantly increased the expression of grb2 and AP-1 activity.The transfection of grb2 antisense significantly enhanced AP-1 activity,but the expression of EGFR mRNA wasn't significantly affected.ConclusionIsorhamnetin can significantly inhibit proliferation of human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells by controlling the EGFR signal pathway.


To the Editor: The role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been much debated. Indeed, some investigators suggested that CMV behaves in the intestine as a nonpathogenic bystander, and others reported that CMV has a crucial role in triggering the onset of inflammation, resulting in its complication. Therefore, to evaluate CMV-DNA in inflamed colonic mucosa of patients with refractory IBD is still controversial for diagnosis of CMV disease for patients with IBD refractory to immunosuppressive therapies. We note with great interest the article by Lawlor and Moss. In that review the authors described that there are insufficient data to determine whether antiviral therapy actually impacts outcomes such as colectomy and remission rates, except in cases of severe systemic reactivation when CMV reactivation has been detected in refractory patients. Moreover, they do not recommend real-time polymerase chain reaction using colonic biopsy specimens (colonic PCR) for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) refractory to immunosuppressive therapies because colonic PCR for CMV-DNA appears to have high false-positive rates. However, we are concerned about the clinical significance (including antiviral therapy) of the detection of CMVDNA by colonic PCR. As Lawlor and Moss mentioned in their review that false positivity by colonic PCR means that detection of CMV-DNA in colonic mucosa does not necessarily reflect the involvement of CMV in exacerbation of patients with UC because inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a are involved in CMV reactivation. To be exact, only a positive finding on colonic PCR may not distinguish CMV reactivation from CMV disease in patients with IBD refractory to immunosuppressive therapies. Is colonic PCR data not useful for a diagnosis of CMV disease in refractory cases of IBD? We have shown the usefulness of colonic PCR for patients with UC refractory to immunosuppressive therapies. We showed that four (33.3%) out of 12 patients positive for CMVDNA achieved remission following 2 weeks of antiviral therapy alone, while the remaining eight required additional antiinflammatory treatments despite the disappearance of CMV-DNA. These findings reveal that CMV could be a significant pathogen in a subpopulation of patients with UC refractory to immunosuppressive therapy and CMV reactivation or infection would be associated with not only use of immunosuppressive drugs but also UC activity itself. Taken together, CMV disease in patients with UC is considered to occur in the presence of colonic mucosal inflammation and ongoing immunosuppressant therapy, suggesting that poorly controlling intestinal inflammation would trigger CMV reactivation and infection. Thus, a positive finding of CMV-DNA in inflamed colonic mucosa of patients with refractory UC warrants consideration that ongoing therapies would not be effective for controlling intestinal inflammation. In this regard, when CMV-DNA in colonic mucosa of patients with refractory UC was detected, we should consider alternative therapies, except the use of a corticosteroid (CS), which easily induces CMV reactivation, rather than bystander CMV reactivation. Whether or not antiviral therapy is suitable for IBD patients concomitant with CMV reactivation or infection, a future study with endoscopic evaluation will be necessary to identify UC patients positive for CMV whose disease improves with antiviral therapy. However, we strongly suggest that a positive finding of CMV-DNA in inflamed mucosa of IBD patients warrants paying attention to the patients' immune condition and is never a false-positive finding. Therefore, how to interpret a positive finding of CMV-DNA in inflamed colonic mucosa of patients with refractory IBD is important.


The utility model relates to a decorative basement linear lamp which comprises a strip base, a luminous strip and a face cover strip. The back of the base is in a shape of a rotation corner matched with a wall corner, the luminous strip is mounted on the base through a buckle, the face cover strip is mounted at the outer side of the face of the buckle, and a gap for the transmission of rays of the luminous strip is formed between one side of the face cover strip and the base. The decorative basement linear lamp can be provided with shapes, colors and patterns superior to the shapes, the colors and the patterns of the common decorative wood lines to fully substitute traditional wood lines, is mounted in an indoor or outdoor wall corner of a building, the base is used for totally fixing and wiring a power supply, the buckle is used for intermediate connection, and rays emitted by the luminous strip transmit through the gap between the base and the face cover strip and illuminate the wall to generate gorgeous, magnificent, beautiful and glitzy effects and deeply impress people. Therefore, the utility model is particularly suitable for various high-grade places and has optimal decorative effect.


The construction of new 2# 450m~3 blast furnace of Chengde Iron and Steel Company is introduced, which has greatest content in Cheng Steel and was constructed on the base of old 2# 127m~3 blast furnace, which had been torn down. Other 4 B.F. did not stopped production during the construction and the construction time was shortened from 6 months of original plan to 4.5 months. With 9 new techniques adopted in the new 2# blast furnace the technical and economic index of blast furnaces will be improved thoroughly, the annual economic profit reaches about 200 million yuans and all the capital outlay can be recouped within 8 months.


Objective: To investigate the effect of Huang Jin Fang on influenza virus load,Lung IFN-γ and CD+4/CD+8 in mice.Methods: Pneumonia model was induced by intranasal infection of the mice with influenza virus.Real-time PCR technique was used to detect virus load.ELISA technique was used to examine T-lymphocyte subgroup and the lung IFN-γ.Results: Huang Jin Fang(6,3 and 1.5g·kg-1) significantly decreased virus load compared with infection control(P0.01 and 0.05).It significantly increased lung IFN-γ at 3 and 6g·kg-1(P0.01),and CD+4/CD+8 at 1.5 and 3g·kg-1(P0.05) compared with infection control.Conclusion: Huang Jin Fang has a protective effect on influenza viral infection possibly via adjusting immunity.


The upcoming 5G networks require an advanced planning in terms of coordinating various mechanisms to achieve the highly expected performance growths that they pledge. This coordination becomes more challenging due to the increased density in urban environments of the deployment of small radius base stations, such as femtocells. In this paper we test our proposed mechanism for sleep mode power control in femtocell networks, over a widely used simulated traffic model, adjusted to our scenario. Our sleep mode strategy has been developed for femtocell clusters with the goal of reducing the number of operating femtocells without compromising the data rate performance of their subscribers. Our simulations reaffirm the benefits of our algorithm, especially the reduced number of operating femtocells and the increased offered capacity, when tested in realistic environments.


This paper shows some findings how product related environmental regulations, especially those that relate to management of chemical substances affect firms in Asia. Interviews were conducted for some firms in Vietnam that are part of global supply chains of electrical and electronic, furniture, and plastic industries. The global supply chains with MNC lead firms have helped local firms in developing countries to adopt technical PRERs overseas. On the other hand, indigenous firms that do not belong to global value chains might face hurdles to keep exporting to the regulated markets. PRERs could become a barrier for firms that attempt to the regulated markets without supports by MNC lead firms.


ABSTRACT The author challenges perceptions of authorship within the practice of field recording, discussing sonic arts responses to political subject matter and examining the power dynamic among recordist/composer, subject and listener. He considers compositions drawing on recordings of protests as a medium to represent political content without recourse to language.


ABSTRACT Introduction The goal of this review is to provide a plausible explanation for the dissemination of NDM-producing Enterobacterales (NDME) and Acinetobacter baumannii (NDMAb) across the ME. Areas covered We described and analyzed (1) the initial reports of NDME and NDMAb in ME countries; (2) the most contemporary data regarding the epidemiology of NDME and NDMAb in ME countries; and (3) the molecular features of NDME and NDMAb in ME countries. Expert opinion NDMAb first appeared in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Gulf States in 2009–2010. Although no connection to the Indian subcontinent could be traced, evidence for transmission within the region was found. The spread of NDMAb was mainly by clonal transmission, and it remained limited to less than 10% of the total CRAb population. NDME most likely had evolved from NDMAb and appeared later in the ME. Subsequently, the spread of NDME was mainly via the transmission of the blaNDM gene into several Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli successful clones that had served before as recipient to various blaESBLgenes. The most recent epidemiological situation varied widely, from 20.7% of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in Saudi Arabia to 80.5% in Egypt.


The rearrangement of the oil droplets in the film m atrix during film drying, which defines its interna l nd surface structure, has an important role in the opt ical and mechanical properties of the emulsion-base d films. The objective of this work was to study the effect of oil concentration and the use of surfactant sodi um dodecyl sulfate (SDS) over color and mechanical pro pe ties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) emulsion-based edible films. HPMC was used to prepa re sunflower oil-in-water emulsions containing 0.3 or 1.0% (w/w) of oil with or without SDS as surfactant . Emulsions were formed using an ultrasonic homogenizer. Edible films were obtained by drying t he emulsions at 40 oC for 24 h and then equilibrate the films for 48 h at 22% HR. Transparency ( T) of films was measured at a wavelength of 600 nm u sing a spectrophotometer. White index ( WI) and total color change ( ∆E) of films were calculated from measurements done in L*a*b* scale by a colorimeter. Tensile measurements were carried out for films of 30 mm wide and 100 mm long. Tensile stress ( σB) and percentage of elongation at break (E B) were calculated. The incorporation of oil produced a decrease in T and an increase in WI and ∆E of the emulsion-based films with respect to the pure HPMC film. The decrease in T and the increase in WI and ∆E were related to the light-scattering effect of oil, which was dependant of the microstructure of the emulsion-based films. Addition of oil and SDS decreased the σB of the emulsion-based films. The replace of HPMC b y oil and SDS produce a lower "amount" of network structure in th e films, leading to a weakening of their structure. The addition oil and SDS into edible films had no signi ficant effect (p>0.05) over E B. Microstructure formation during drying of emulsion-based edible films had an enormous influence over the optical properties of films, transparency and color was dependant on the way tha t oil droplets were structured into the film.


The present invention discloses a continuous extrusion rod gear warm extrusion die, comprising a die with a die opening the center hole of the gear-shaped configuration, the convex diaphragm, the outer die ring is provided with a heating die, die disposed extruder barrel in the lower portion, is provided with a pressure pad and a positioning beneath the extrusion barrel heating coil thermocouple insertion hole, the extrusion die cylinder, the pressure pad is positioned to cooperate with the lower plate, the lower plate is fixed to the worktable ; convex diaphragm membrane supporting connection with mating projections, the projections of the membrane supporting head fixed to the upper end of the tapered, conical head is fixed on the template, the template is fixed to the moving beam. By die heating coil, heating coil pre-heating the extrusion barrel extruder barrel, die, convex to the film 300 ℃, medium frequency induction furnace and then heating the billet to 680 ℃ charged to the extruder barrel 720 ℃, hydraulic die orifices cylinder forward to squeeze the die blank is pressed in the form of a gear rod; rod gear according to the present continuous extrusion die reasonable structure, high efficiency, low cost, simple processing method step, less labor and less metal loss.


The National ceremonies of the Choson dynasty were not just ordinary ceremonies honoring the King and the royal family. By holding certain ceremonies the government could demonstrate its intentions of upholding certain values and of leading the public in a social unity. And of course, it also helped the government to consolidate its political authority and leadership. During the latter half period of the dynasty, as administrative policies were being reviewed, redefined and reinforced, the number of such occasions dramatically increased as well. Major national ceremonies were officially held by the King himself, and were directly related to the King`s own leadership and his national ruling. When King Gojong acceded to the throne in 1863, a lot of things were going through changes. The Bibyeon-sa office, which had served as an important political body for the Power-House Politics(the so-called Saedo-jeongchi/世道政治) since the reigning days of King Sunjo, was dismantled. Several Law codes(法典), and books regarding Ceremonial Protocols(典禮書) were being published in a series of efforts to either redesign or settle down the changes which had been made in those fields(law, protocols) since the days of Kings Yeongjo nad Jeongjo. And also, the King`s own ruling authority which had been reduced significantly due to the intimidating voice of the Powerful Houses, was aiming for a revitalization, both in terms of the King`s own power and also the authority of the royal family. National ceremonies were perfect tools for the job. In most cases, the Kings` fathers had usually died prior to the sons` accession to the throne. In that regard, Daeweon-gun`s position was very unique, and was a very unusual political presence. He deeply involved himself in national politics, as the father of the King and also as an honorable figure representing the royal family members. Young Gojong officially supported his father. After his acceptance of the throne, several ceremonies honoring and commemorating the elders(松親追崇), as well as a `coming of age` ceremony(嘉禮) for Gojong in 1866(the third year of his reign), were held in order to honor not only King Gojong and the royal family but also recognize Daeweon-gun`s status in the government. Daeweon-gun even served as father figures(國男)in ceremonies which involved the queen(Gojong`s wife) or Gojong`s concubine(Lee). The King`s own leadership was significantly limited in this kind of environment, but that was going to change. Continuing to participate in Gyeongyeon(經筵), or embark upon visits to the tombs of the elders, or hold ceremonies for the royal family, King Gojong managed to accumulate experiences, and political power. In 1870, seventh year of his reign, he either expressed interest or actively involved himself in supplemental publications of the Law codes, and in publishing revised versions of certain Protocol books such as the `Oryae Pyeongo`. He was significantly hands-on over these projects, to the extent of cross-referencing or researching source materials himself, showing stark contrast from his earlier self who had to consult his father in every matters, every time. In the wake of these changes, national ceremonies started to be held practically under Gojong`s leadership. The Grand Family Meeting(大宗會) was held in 1871, 8th year of his reign, and the Chingyeong-ryae(親耕禮) ceremony and the Gwanyae(觀刈) ritual which had not been held since the days of Yeongjo and Jeongjo were both held as well. These ceremonies were all being held after almost a century since they were held for the last time. In 1872. the 9th year of his reign, the 480th anniversary of the dynasty`s foundation was celebrated, and the foimer Kings were duly honored in a fitting ceremony. The ceremony featured two distinctively notable projects: the ceremony of presenting honorary titles(尊號) to the deceased kings. and the creation of royal portraits(御眞) of them.


This paper presents an effective scheme for detecting incipient faults in post‐fault systems (PFSs) subject to adaptive fault‐tolerant control (AFTC). Through a survey of existing techniques, it is shown that the adaptivity of the AFTC counteracts the effect of an incipient fault in the PFS. This makes some of the conventional fault‐detection strategies, such as Beard–Jones detection filters and adaptive observers, ineffective in this situation. It is shown that the unknown input observer (UIO) is an effective tool; hence, the UIO is designed to decouple the incipient fault from the AFTC such that the fault‐detection residual is sensitive only to the incipient fault. Extensive simulation study is presented using an aircraft example to test three fault‐detection approaches; it is demonstrated that the UIO is the most effective tool in detecting the incipient fault in a PFS subject to AFTC. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9564-4831 "This volume presents the Cambridge doctoral dissertation by Samuel Scolnicov, submitted as a graduate student of King's College. The original title pages gives the submission date of September 1973, and the degree was awarded the following year". (p. 7). The supervisors were Dr. Peck, Prof. Keith Guthrie (unofficial), Prof. Bernard Williams and Prof. Geoffrey Lloyd. It may seem odd to publish a thesis submitted almost fifty years ago, but the editor Harold Tarrant explains why: "When conversing about Plato, Samuel Scolnicov (1941-2014) not infrequently mentioned doctoral thesis, and I suspect that I asked him more than once what the topic was. From his eartier essays on he had referred to it (a list of Samuel Scolnicov's publications is to be found from p. 238 to 249 of this book), and he published articles devoted to the hypothetical method in Kant-Studien (1975) and Methexis (1992). He still remained committed to its principal claims in his treatment of Republic V-VII (1988); and his book on the Parmenides (2003), which was a natural dialogue to tackle as a sequel to the present work, reiterates many of its findings (2003). However, he nowhere returned to the issues with the same thoroughness and scholarly acumen that is demonstrated in the present pages. When I finally read the thesis in Cambridge University Library I felt that here was the key of much else that he had published on Plato, a work that showed his fondamental commitment to Plato – to a Plato who was importantly different from Aristotle, not just Aristotle's more problematic precursor". (p. 10). Harold Tarrant is right. Even if after the submission of this thesis, a lot of papers have been published on ὑπόθεσις, δόξα, ἐπιστήμη, the line, the cave etc., Samuel Scolnicov's work is still relevant. At the beginning of his work, Samuel Scolnicov gives credit to the Marburg neo-kantians, and in particular to H. Cohen 1878, P. Natorp


lthough guidelines for many chronic diseases recommend targets to pursue as an important aspect of their management, there is considerable disagreements between organizations concerning which targets should be chosen, as well as what would be the optimum value for a specific target (1-6). These disagreements have become more pronounced recently for diabetes and dyslipidemias (1-4). In 2012 the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Dia-betes published a position statement on the management of type 2 diabetes in which remarkable changes were observed in relation to the previous recommendations (1). This was mainly due to the advent of new therapies, but also because new knowledge has emerged on the long-term adverse effects of drug therapy, especially the risk of hy -poglycemia with more intensive control and consequently an increased cardiovascular risk. This was followed by the announcement of the 2013 diabetes algorithm propo-sed by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, which introduced more rigorous targets for blood glucose control for the newly-diagnosed type 2 patient and more aggressive therapies and targets for the pre-diabetes states (2). At the end of 2013, another notable change occurred with the release of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association hypercholesterolemia guidelines (3), more evidence-based than the previous NCEP (National Cholesterol Education Program) guidelines, using more robust data to calculate absolute risk based on multiple pros-pective cohort studies, calibrating the calculations on intervention studies on primary prevention of major cardiovascular events with statins and considering the long-term side effects and drug interaction, especially in the more vulnerable elderly patient. New targets were proposed based on percentage changes in LDL-C as a target for statin therapy, and not simply a low or very low absolute value for LDL-C as some continue to advocate (4). Guidelines for hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension have also resulted in disagreement on when to start drug therapy or which targets should be pursued during treatment, especially in populations such as individuals with type 2 diabetes and in the elderly (5-7).Is it time to consider the same approach to osteoporosis treatment? As with other chronic conditions, the field of osteoporosis has been growing fast and new noninva-sive methods for the evaluation of bone turnover and strength are now available. In this issue of the journal many aspects of these new tools will be discussed.Biochemical markers of bone remodeling are now widely available and a review of recent data suggests that they can be used as a target related to the effects of osteopo -rosis drugs and the prediction of a decrease in fracture risk (8). Particularly worthy of mention in this connection are the reduction on serum beta-CTX (C-terminal telo-peptide) during anti-resorptive therapy and the rise in serum P1NP (Serum collagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide) and osteocalcin during anabolic therapy with teripa-


A high performance 32 X 32 peak detector array is introduced. This detector consists of a 32 X 32 array of thresholding photo-transistor cells, manufactured with a standard MOSIS digital 2-micron CMOS process. A built-in thresholding function that is able to perform 1024 thresholding operations in parallel strongly distinguishes this chip from available CCD detectors. This high speed detector offers responses from one to 10 milliseconds that is much higher than the commercially available CCD detectors operating at a TV frame rate. The parallel multiple peaks thresholding detection capability makes it particularly suitable for optical correlator and optoelectronically implemented neural networks. The principle of operation, circuit design and the performance characteristics are described. Experimental demonstration of correlation peak detection is also provided. Recently, we have also designed and built an advanced version of a 64 X 64 thresholding photodetector array chip. Experimental investigation of using this chip for pattern recognition is ongoing.


The main aim of this paper is to compare the study results of the selected subjects of the full time and combined forms of study at the study programme Economics and Management. This programme is offered at the College of Polytechnics Jihlava and covers two fields of study - Travel and Tourism, Finance and Management. The comparison is aimed at the results of the period before the start of the e-learning (2008 for full time students and 2010 for combined form) with the year 2012 (after the e-learning implementation). The results from eight biggest subjects are tested via Chi-square test of independence. It should answer the question if the e-learning has had an impact on the study results and if it is possible to find dependence between results of two different types of study, two different years, two different study branches and two different subjects. The comparison has shown the differences of combined/full time students but we have not proved the influence of the e-learning on the evaluation.


This paper analyses the main problems in the graduation project design in higher vocationl education,and proposes to solve the problems in the following four aspects: selection of the project topics,the depth and breadth of the project topics,the types of graduation project,the form and frequency of student counseling.


: This paper is focused on the fact that some humanitarian mitigation strategies employed are yet to enhance the well-being of persons with disabilities in disasters in Kisumu County, Kenya. The problem is that person with disability are not completely involved in crafting of the mention strategies. The study employed semi-structured questionnaire instruments to gather information on humanitarian policies applicable to PWD in disaster context. It was used with humanitarian officers-98 and government officers-98.Further, the researcher adopted semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions which were employed as one of the methods for data collection to provide qualitative data and were complemented by the quantitative data. The researcher used interviews with the regional director of Kenya Red Cross Society, regional directors of UN agencies, the Kisumu County special programs officer, managers of DPOs and director of National Council for People with Disabilities.Secondary data was collected from a variety of sources which included library books, information from journals and other government documents on contributions of humanitarian organizations to the well-being of persons with disability in disaster context. These documents include the national Policy in PWD, Kenya constitution, 2010, UN conventions on PWD. The variables of the study were subjected to descriptive statistics. The qualitative data was analyzed by consolidating emerging themes from the key informant interviews, topic analysis, and cut and paste methods on the focus group discussion transcripts. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages. The researcher presented data findings in form of frequency tables, pie charts, bar graphs and narratives. The study concludes that to reduce the vulnerability of the disabled to disasters, inclusive humanitarian mitigation strategies such as disability focal points in camps or shelters, disability component be part of humanitarian action need to be adopted. The study recommends that humanitarian mitigation strategies include creation of specialized agencies, coordination of humanitarian activities with PWD/DPOs, humanitarian disability programs and individual disaster assistance for PWD. Mitigation strategies on humanitarian relief include decentralizing of humanitarian services by creating deports creation of emergency response systems, rehabilitation and medical services. This would make accessibility of humanitarian relief easier for PWD. Information on PWD can be acquired by way of effective data collection mitigation strategies such as social network tool to capture data on number of persons with disability, online mapping and focused discussion groups in Kisumu County.


FIELD: biotechnology. SUBSTANCE: method involves modifications in composition of microflora, ratio of cultures and in accumulation their biomass. Concentrated protein hydrolyzate of skimmed milk is used as fodder substrate and as drying medium simultaneously. Said hydrolyzate is prepared by hydrolysis of protosubtiline having activity 70-80 units at dose 0.020-0.030 mass % , the process is carried out within 6-8 h. Bifidobacteria and mesophile lactic acid streptococcus (Lactococcus lactis sulsp. diacetillactis) are accumulated together, the process is carried out on nutrient medium at 39-41 C, initial dose of components is 8-10 mass % and 0.01-0.1 mass % respectively. Nutrient medium contains, mass %: glucose 0.4-0.5, sodium acetate 0.2-0.3, potassium hydrophosphate or potassium dihydrophosphate 0.1-0.2, corn extract 1.8-2.0, sodium citrate 0.4-0.5, ferric sulfate 0/03-0.05. Inoculate of bifidobacteria and lactic acid streptococcus or cell biomass together with separately prepared ferment of Bacillus acidophilus are added into protein hydrolyzate at ratio 5-20 mass % and 1-5 mass %, said process is followed by spray drying. Mentioned above hydrolyzate is condensed till dry substance content in it is 38-42%. EFFECT: increases biological value of the product, decreases its cost.


Results are presented for a combined analysis of the reactions $pp\to pp$, $\pi d\to \pi d$ and $\pi d\to pp$ over the $\sqrt{s}$ interval from pion threshold to approximately 2.4 GeV. These results for $\pi d\to pp$ and $\pi d$ elastic scattering are superior to our previous analyses of these reactions. In particular, the overall phase in $\pi d\to pp$ has now been determined. Comparisons are made with previous (separate and combined) analyses of this two-nucleon system.


In this paper are presented results of experimental investigation of processing of non oil-contaminated metal scrap based on magnesium and its alloys. These are the firs investigations of magnesium scrap recycling in Serbia and Montenegro. Experimental investigations were conducted in laboratory scale and achieved results were verified in industrial scale (Magnesium factory ′′Bela Stena′′ in Baljevac on Ibar). Experiments included following the influence of preparation of metal scrap on metal extraction efficiency rate.


Natural disasters bring tremendous destruction to small island economies in the South Pacific region. Foreign development aid, as an important source of green finance in the region, has the fundamental purpose of reducing natural disasters' effect on the small island economies. With country level data on 13 Pacific island countries over 1981–2014, this study assesses the effectiveness of foreign development assistance in mitigating natural disasters' impact on Pacific economic growth. With the application of panel integration tests and the system generalized method of moments estimator, this study provides non-spurious and consistent empirical estimation of a growth model. It is found that while natural disasters greatly hinder economic growth in the region, official development assistance significantly mitigates such adverse effects.


The feasibilities of ultrafine wollastonits powder have been analysed based on joint
considerations of satisfying product size requiremet, preventing the needlelike wollastionite structure,
maintaining an easy operation, stable performance and simplified flowsheet, etc. Optimum operating
conditions have been established through systematic reseaches on the bases of product requirements.
Modern analytical technique such as light-transmission particle sizing and scanning electron spec-
troscopy have been used to determine the size and morphology of the product. It is found that the
needelelike structure can be preserved even down to the ultrafine range by using the tower mill. The
tower mill is easy to operate, has stable performances, and can be used in open-circuit to produce re-
quired products without needing for a classifier.


The paper deals with one of the basic conditions of practical employment of finely controllable thermoelastic actuators –
problems of the static characteristics of its individual structural parts. It contains the formulation of the principle of such thermoelastic
actuators, description of its components (a dilatation element heated by induction, auxiliary electromagnetic actuators, and
self-locking friction clutches) and their mathematical models. Briefly discussed are also their corresponding computer models making
use of the finite element method. The crucial point of the work consists in the presentation of the results – static characteristics of
the considered structural parts of the controlled thermoelastic actuators.


Variousmodes of premature failureof hydrogenerator stator insulationsystemshave been noted and the Working Group survey results are presented. Failure modes are correlatedwith salientfeaturesof the insulationsystemand of the generator. The resultsmay be used to improvethe designand maintenanceof stator insulationsystems. The paper formsthe basisfor two companionpapers: Part II - Detection,Correctionand Prevention;and Part III - Bibliography.


We augment the hidden Stueckelberg Z' model by a pair of Dirac fermions in the hidden sector, in which the Z' has a coupling strength comparable to weak scale coupling. We show that this hidden fermion-antifermion pair could be a milli-charged dark matter candidate with a viable relic density. Existing terrestrial and astrophysical searches on milli-charged particles do not place severe constraints on this hidden fermion. We calculate the flux of monochromatic photons coming from the Galactic center due to pair annihilation of these milli-charged particles and show that it is within reach of the next generation γ-ray experiments. The characteristic signature of this theoretical endeavor is that the Stueckelberg Z' boson has a large invisible width decaying into the hidden fermion-antifermion pair. We show that existing Drell-Yan data do not constrain this model yet. Various channels of singly production of this Z' boson at the LHC and ILC are explored.


Multicast communication model can be efficiently exploited by grid systems to improve the performance of many basic operations, like file transmission, replica management or resource discovery. However, IP multicast presents important limitations to be adopted in grid environments, since it is not fully supported in the Internet and is incompatible with TCP-based applications. In the last few years, Application Layer Multicast (ALM) have emerged as an alternative technology to develop one-to-many and many-to-many applications, where multicast functionality is handled by the end hosts, instead of by the network routers. While ALM has been proved to be efficient for streaming audio/video, content distribution, or videoconferencing applications, its utilization in grid environments has not been deeply explored. In this paper we analyze the application of ALM techniques to improve the efficiency of file transfer operations in computational grids. Results will prove that ALM can obtain an important reduction of overall transmission time, in comparison with unicast transmission, and a better balance of network traffic among participants.


Three aspects of the African Middle Stone Age (MSA) archaeological record - the use of symbolic resources, long-distance transfer of raw materials, and so-called 'regional traditions' in projectile point form - are examined within the context of the modern human behaviour debate. It is argued that projectile points in the MSA may have manifested active (but not emblemic) style, and may have once symbolized social relations between obligated individuals. Archaeological evidence for notational items, personal ornaments, and ochre processing attest to the manipulation of symbolic resources by MSA hominids, and raw material sourcing studies suggest they were involved in regional exchange networks. Together this evidence supports a scenario in which projectile points are integrated into a communal system of exchange and may explain both the homogeneity of form across space and time, and the heterogeneity of form observed across the continent. This perspective implies an early origin for behavioral modernity at least 80 kya.


The study summarizes the findings of three pilot projects in which 2, 5, and 6-grade primary school students were taught basic programming concepts using game-like applications. In all projects, two more groups of students were formed that were taught the same subjects using conventional methods. Results' analyses revealed that students who used the game-like applications had better learning outcomes compared to the ones that were taught conventionally. The results can be attributed to increased students' motivation and to the applications' game-like characteristics. Based on the results, suggestions for redefining the framework for teaching programming are presented.


Presented article aims to study the specifics of using a relatively new management concepts (business-model canvas) in the management of competitiveness and the formation of competitive advantages of enterprise structures of agroindustrial sphere. Agribusiness, on the one hand, is a significant and important sectors of any national economy, but on the other hand, the risks of agribusiness also significantly high, which prevents many entrepreneurial structures to be competitive. According to the authors of the present article, business structures agroindustrial sphere can provide competitive advantages by building and regular updates (business-model canvas). During the presentation of this work were obtained the following conclusions: - Business organizations agroindustrial sphere are the most vulnerable in terms of preserving the competitiveness and capacity for sustainable development, since the activities of such structures is determined by a large set of internal and external environmental factors; - Management concept (business-model canvas) is designed to control the strategically sustainable and competitive development of enterprise structures in a turbulent and difficult to predict changes in the market environment; - The use of the concept of management (business-model canvas) has its specific application in the formation of competitive advantages of enterprise structures of the agricultural sector, which is due to the peculiarities of the organization of supply cycle.


Most researchers begin to direct their attention from trade volume to trade structure. However, they are concerned about the existence of trade structure, and ignore an essential issue-what is the forming mechanism of the trade structure? So, this paper analyzes the forming mechanism of export trade structure in China through Granger causality test and OLS. The paper finds that the FDI flow-in, opening degree of trade, industry structure, exchange rate are positive for enlarging the proportion of manufactured goods in export trade; strong increase in RD leads to the enlargment of capital-intensive goods exportation proportion; export trade structure tends to cause foreign trade friction, but it can not work on the adjustment of export trade structure; and FDI flow-out has no effect on export trade structure.


The invention relates to a pneumatic percussion device, in particular for a hammer drill and / or percussion hammer, having a stick (12a) and at least one ventilation unit (14a-c), which is provided for influencing a movement of the racket. It is proposed that the ventilation unit (14a-c) comprises an adjusting unit (16a-c).


Secure communication with low computational resources is a critical issue in the Internet-of-Things (IoT) implementations. It is more challenging in the presence of hybrid adversary enabled with full-duplex (FD) capability to perform eavesdropping and jamming simultaneously. In this work we aim to address this issue through optimal subcarrier allocation towards combating the FD hybrid attacker. We begin with secrecy performance analysis in a multi-user IoT system considering statistical channel state information only of all attacker links. Novel analytical expression for the exact intercept probability is derived and a closed-form approximation is also provided. We further propose an optimisation framework for fair subcarrier allocation with a novel objective of minimising maximum intercept probability among multiple users. Considering the proposed optimisation framework as a non-convex combinatorial, we propose a low-complexity sub-optimal solution by leveraging the integer linear program (ILP) structure of the problem. To reduce the complexity further, the original problem is mapped to the assignment model and solved by exploiting its special structure with graph theory tools providing an optimal solution in polynomial time. Comprehensive investigations, conducted to verify the analysis and quantify the secrecy performance, demonstrate that proposed optimal solutions yield significant enhancement in secrecy performance over relevant schemes.


This is a special joint session sponsored by the Technical Committees on Noise and on Architectural Acoustics. There were six invited papers.


This paper reports findings from a classroom based study with 5 year old children in their first term of school. A data modelling activity contextualised by a picture story book was used to present a prediction problem. A data table with numerical data values provided for three consecutive days of rubbish collection was provided, with a fourth day left blank. Children were asked to predict the amount of rubbish collected on the fourth day and to explain their prediction. The results revealed children's intuitive probabilistic reasoning competencies and the influence of task design on their reasoning.


The editor, Acting Head of the Business Library at Western Michigan University, would be interested to receive communications from persons knowledgeable in the business field, for purposes of submitting reviews. Business Reference Review will attempt to review recent reference materials in the form of books and other media. The intent is to review the contents of business reference sources, enabling those engaged in the selection of these materials to make better judgements, thus utilizing their book budgets more efficiently.


The author of the article discusses current issues of land application of legislation relating to the provision and use of land for comprehensive development for housing. Analyzes the content of relations in this area. The problems of the lease of land at auction and in case of failed recognition of trades, as well as problems of implementation and changes in land lease contract.


The timing of the Earth transit differs slightly between the moons and Jupiter itself and varies from one moon to another: the moons arrive at the alignment slightly before the planet, about 30 minutes in the case of Europa and about one hour for Ganymede. The view of the Jovian system on 5 January 2104 from an observer on the Sun is illustrated in Figure 2. The moon Io was behind Jupiter during part of the event.


The intent of this user guide is to provide a brief description of the functionality of the Energy Charting and Metrics (ECAM) tool, including the expanded building re-tuning functionality developed for Pacific Northwest National laboratory (PNNL). This document describes the tool's general functions and features, and offers detailed instructions for PNNL building re-tuning charts, a feature in ECAM intended to help building owners and operators look at trend data (recommended 15-minute time intervals) in a series of charts (both time series and scatter) to analyze air-handler, zone, and central plant information gathered from a building automation system (BAS).


Recently published results of CARMENA study seem to eliminate cytoreductive nephrectomy from current recommendations on the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients who are candidates for targeted antiangiogenic therapy. The article is devoted to the critical analysis of the CARMENA trial and review of previously published data. Taking into account available data cytoreductive nephrectomy should be still performed in carefully selected patients.


Successful applications of nuclear science and technology in the developed world are now being pursued by many countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It is a natural, and indeed inevitable, development that began more than half a century ago. Yet creating conditions in which nuclear science and technology can contribute to a country's development is not an easy task. The necessary precursors include: adequate manpower and facilities to generate it; a basic research programme to act as a springboard for technological development; and an adequate infrastructure and resources to carry forward the programme.* In most developing countries, these preconditions are not found. External support must therefore be provided for the consolidation of the progress that has been possible, and for the realization of the true potential of nuclear science and technology to improve the well-being of the people.


Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a long‐term disease affecting 35 in every 100,000 people in the United Kingdom (UK) and United States. It is driven by the immune system and causes inflammation of bile ducts (tubes carrying bile from the liver to the gut), leading to bile duct destruction and eventual scarring of the liver. For unclear reasons, PBC causes persistent itch (cholestatic itch) that is difficult to suppress with conventional treatments.


Describes the current situation in Guatemala, now that the civil war is over. Provides brief demographic, geographic, economic, political and cultural information. Discusses the plight of the indigenous population and women. Presents the problems faced by the indigenous population – poverty, illiteracy, lack of sanitation, lack of electricity, lack of land ownership, lack of food, and alcoholism. Focuses then on the problems faced by women – same as above but with the added problem of high fertility rates and high maternal mortality rates. Signals some of the changes that are taking place, with women organizing themselves into a political force to be reckoned with. Acknowledges readily that there is much to do.


Review(s) of: Holistic microneedling - the manual of natural skin needling, by Anthony Kingston, Bright Pen, publ. by Authors Online Ltd, Gamlingay, Sandy, Bedfordshire, UK. No publication date. 136 pages. Available at www.whitelotus.com.au/Holistic_Microneedling_Book_p/pr09.htm, AUD 59.95, ISBN 978 0 75521492 1.


The feature curve equation of flexspline with three-wave wavegenerator in harmonic smooth friction driving was derived by using elastic theory.According to the strength theory,the minimun drive ratio formula of harmonic smooth friction driving with three-wave wavegenerator was established by the feature curve equation,the criteria for the design of the minimum drive ratio in harmonic smooth friction driving with three-wave wavegenerator,the relation between flexible wheel radius,flexible whee thickness and the minimun drive ratio was obtained.The factors which affect friction driving were analysed.


A crucial task for sport research is to understand and explain the processes and conditions underlying skillful motor behavior. One way to account for these processes and conditions is to describe and analyze the distinct stages a learner goes through when acquiring a skill. This article starts by elaborating one of the most dominant conceptualizations of motor skills in sport, namely the information-processing approach to skills, and then it briefly recapitulates Hubert and Stuart Dreyfus's phenomenology of skill acquisition. In a second part, these two distinct perspectives of skills are discussed. The discussion progresses in a dialectical way where the author alternately argues for both perspectives. Emerging from this dialectic, the article presents two arguments for why Dreyfus's phenomenology of skill acquisition is superior to the information-processing approach.


The 31P and 199Hg spectra of the new subvalent [triangulo-Hg3]4+ based clusters [Hg3(μ-mdppm)3](O3SCF3)4 (1a; mdppm = Ph2PCH(Me)PPh2), which is formed stereoselectively with a syn–anti–anti orientation of the methyl groups, and [Hg3(μ-dppa)3](O3SCF3)4 (4; dppa = Ph2PNHPPh2) are successfully simulated with the program WIN-DAISY. By use of the parameters derived from 1a and 4 the spectra of the parent system [Hg3(μ-dppm)3](O3SCF3)4, which show a very complex pattern, are for the first time
completely analysed. The simplification of the spectral pattern in 1a or 4 compared to [Hg3(μ-dppm)3](O3SCF3)4, respectively, is a result of either symmetry reduction (1a) or quasi selective variation of one Hg–P coupling constant (4). For δ(31P), δ(199Hg), J(HgHg) and the different classes of P–P and Hg–P couplings specific values are found, some of which are powerful tools for the identification of [triangulo-Hg3]4+ compounds. The 1H NMR parameters of 1a, anti- and syn-[Hg3(μ-dpam)(μ-mdppm)2](O3SCF3)4 (2a, 2b; dpam = Ph2AsCH2AsPh2), [Hg3(μ-dpam)2(μ-mdppm)](O3SCF3)4 (3) and [Hg3(μ-dpam)3](O3SCF3)4 lead to a rational interpretation of conformation dynamics in these systems: The three five-membered rings formed by the edges of the [triangulo-Hg3]4+ cluster and the three bridging ligands adopt C-envelope conformations in a way that two of the flaps are oriented above and one below the Hg3 plane, and vice versa. The mdppm ligands feature a rigid conformation with an equatorial methyl group and an axial hydrogen atom at the flap carbon atom. The methylene carbon atom of the dpam ligands is able to flip between two positions above and below the Hg3 plane, if the relative orientations of the three flaps mentioned
above are retained. The overall found rigid conformation of the bridging mdppm ligand allows a qualitative estimation of relative thermodynamic preferences of isomers resulting from syn or anti orientation of mdppm methyl groups.


Groups Group Actions Class Equation Rings Fields Field Extensions Galois Theory Modules Principal Ideal Domains Unique Factorization Domains Dedekind Domains Algebraic Number Theory Class Group Decomposition Group Inertia Group Analytic Number Theory Prime Number Theorem Siegel-Walfisz Brun-Tischmarsch Sato-Tate Conjecture L-functions Artin symbol Dirichlet L-functions Artin L-functions Complex Analysis Analysis Fourier Analysis Harmonic Analysis Number Fields Fourier Inversion Fourier Expansion Elliptic Curves Compact Abelian Groups Chebotarev Density Theorem Galois Correspondence of Fundamental Group Primes of the Form x2+ny2 Measure Theory Topological Group Haar Measure Class Field Theory Tate's Thesis Bombieri-Vinogradov Theorem Subconvexity Estimates Cohen-Lenstra Heuristics l-torsion in class groups of number fields Heuristics for the boundedness of the rank of elliptic curves Average rank is bounded Most curves satisfy BSD Moments and distributions of central L-values of quadratic twists of elliptic curves


Each spring and summer, the Chukchi Sea in the western Arctic Ocean experiences a short but intense phytoplankton bloom that is controlled by sea ice cover, nutrient availability, and river runoff. During the bloom, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations are drawn down in the mixed layer (shelf, ~Δ100 µmol kg−1; shelf‐break, ~Δ50 µmol kg−1; basin,


The aim of foreign language teaching is to foster students' ability to communicate with foreigners appropriately. The foreign language teaching of intercultural communication is much better than the traditional foreign language teaching--just language teaching. This is because the enhance of students' ability of intercultural communication will help students prevent pragmatic failures caused by negative transference of culture in order to communicate appropriately.


Abstract Demographic, functional and social characteristics of residents living in a low-income senior housing complex are explored. These variables and perceptions of social support were analyzed for their effects on depression. The strongest predictor of depression was perceptions of social support. The findings are consistent with the research which shows that support through family and friends is important to consider when older adults experience health problems that lead to functional disability.


The main bridge of Jingyue Changjiang River Highway Bridge in Hubei is a doublepylon hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge with span arrangement(100+298)m+816m+(80+2×75)m.The anchorage zone in a pylon of the bridge is of the structure of steel bracket+steel anchor beam.To understand well the stay cable force responses in the anchorage zone and the force mechanism of the anchorage zone itself of the actual bridge,the segment No.26 of the south pylon of the bridge was selected and tested at the load test stage of the completed bridge.The stress and deformation of the steel bracket and steel anchor beam were tested and measured and the measurements were analyzed and compared to the segment model test for the same segment of the anchorage zone.The results of the analysis and comparison show that under the action of the test load,the differences between the measured and theoretical stay cable force increment of the tested segment are not great.Under the same stay cable force increment,the measured stress values of the anchorage zone and the ratios of the horizontal force and vertical force loads borne by the steel anchor beam are all slightly less than the values of the full-scale segment model test.The stress distribution laws of the actual test and model test are basically accordant and the data of these tests may serve as reference to the design of the bridges of similar kind in the future.


Introductory essay to a special issue of Journal of Comparative Law by FU Hualing (Faculty of Law, University of Hong Kong) and Michael Palmer (School of Law & the China Institute, SOAS and IALS, University of London). The authors describe the purpose of the special issue to introduce readers to some of the key developments now taking place in mediation as a form of dispute resolution in China, a society in which mediation has long been a central processual and ideological feature of its legal culture.


In permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives, accurate knowledge of machine parameters has advantage in its control and/or monitoring its condition. This paper provides an adaptation method to determine the machine parameters. The machine's phase resistance, phase inductance and back-emf constant are updated continuously. The online adaptation helps tracking any dynamic change in the motor parameters due to environmental, aging and loading condition. The motor parameters used in the controller can be updated to enhance the performance. This method can also be used for end of line motor parameter calibration in mass production and condition monitoring of drive systems. The method eliminates the need for a priori knowledge of the machine parameters making the controller robust for high performance operation. Simulation and experiment demonstrate the validity and usefulness of the proposed algorithm for PMSM drive.


Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and arterial stiffness are associated with increased central (aortic) systolic blood pressure (cSBP) relative to brachial systolic blood pressure (bSBP). This study examined the impact of aortic calcification on cSBP relative to bSBP in patients with CKD. Design and method: Patients with or without CKD undergoing elective coronary angiography (CAG) at Aarhus University Hospital were considered for inclusion in this cross-sectional study. During CAG, cSBP was measured in the ascending aorta with a fluid-filled catheter while bSBP was measured simultaneously with an oscillometric device using a cuff. Furthermore, patients underwent a non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan of the entire aorta with subsequent blinded Agatston-scoring of the aorta from (but excluding) the aortic valve to the aortic bifurcation. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was measured in duplicate using a Sphygmocor device. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless stated otherwise. Statistical comparisons were made using Wilcoxon rank sum test for differences between 2 groups and Bonferroni-adjusted Kruskal-Wallis test when testing for differences between > 2 groups. Results: 149 patients were included in the study. Of these, 134 patients had a CT-scan of sufficient quality to allow analysis. Patient characteristics and measurements of BP and pulse wave velocity are presented in Table 1. Agatston-score was higher in CKD patients as compared to patients with normal kidney function (table 1, P < 0.001). bSBP was 6.5 ± 13.1 mmHg higher than cSBP in patients categorized into the first tertile of Agatston-scores. This difference was reduced to 3.3 ± 11.0 mmHg in the second tertile (p = 0.31, compared to first tertile) and -2.6 ± 16.8 mmHg in the third tertile (p < 0.01, compared to first tertile). Conclusions: Patients with CKD have a higher degree of aortic calcification. Furthermore, patients with a high degree of aortic calcification have a higher invasively measured cSBP as compared to the bSBP measured with an ordinary oscillometric BP device.


Real change has emerged in the struggle to prevent the theft of art and heritage. In the late 1960s, awareness was raised over the problems posed by looting and the trade, and international and domestic laws were strengthened to respond to these threats. Reform in the law can certainly enact powerful change. However, before we propose even more legal solutions, we should consider the efficacy of reforms that previous transformations in the law have made.


Abstract An aeroacoustic investigation was performed to assess the effects of adding mass flow at the trailing edges of stators upstream of an aircraft engine simulator. By using trailing edge blowing to minimize the shed wakes of the stators, the flow into the rotor was made more uniform, hence reducing the unsteady stator–rotor interaction. In these experiments, a reduced number of stators (four) was used in a 1/14 scale model inlet which was coupled to a 4·1in (10·4 cm) turbofan engine simulator. Steady state measurements of the aerodynamic flow field and acoustic far field were made in order to evaluate the aeroacoustic performance at three simulator speeds: 30k, 50k, and 70kr.p.m. The lowest test speed (30k r.p.m.) showed a noise reduction as large as 8·9dB in the blade passing tone. At 50k and 70kr.p.m., the reduction in blade passing tone was 5·5 and 2·6dB respectively. In addition, trailing edge blowing reduced the overall sound pressure level in every case. Aerodynamic measurements showed that fan face distortion was significantly reduced due to trailing edge blowing. The addition of trailing edge blowing from the four upstream stators did not change the operating point of the fan, and the mass flow added by the blowing was less than 1% of the fan mass flow rate. The results of these experiments clearly demonstrate that blowing from the trailing edges of the stators is effective in reducing unsteady stator–rotor interaction and the subsequent forward radiated noise.


This chapter first addresses the issue of the importance of intelligence in MAS-based DLEs. Then, it stresses that there are three main intelligent competencies in MAS-based DLEs: intelligent decision-making support, coordination and collaboration of the agents in MAS, and student modeling for personalization and adaptation in learning systems. It also describes in detail how to apply relevant AI techniques, including the introduction of AI techniques and their state-of-the-art application in the e-learning domain. Finally, future trends in the research and development of intelligence for MAS-based DLEs are discussed. This chapter appears in the book, Designing Distributed Learning Environments with Intelligent Software Agents, edited by Fuhua Oscar Lin . Copyright © 2005, Idea Group I c. Copying or dist ibuting in print or elect onic forms without written permissi n of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING


a sustainable landscape and society is aworthypolitical goal. In this context, they are convincing in arguing that that long termmonitoring is essential, and should be funded continuously and appropriately, both as a basis for improved knowledge of ecosystem functioning and for improving sustainable land management. However, I should note that a lot of my own research work is in decades scale biodiversity monitoring, inspired by reading about the Koonamore and Bogong High Plains monitoring as a student in the late 1960s, so I have been long convinced. The book is more restricted in its content than its cosmic title would suggest. There are general chapters on the value and design of monitoring, on monitoring in Australia and on the socio-ecological context of monitoring, and specific chapters on monitoring in particular Australian environments. Despite its remarkable bulk, the book cannot be used as an even treatment of biodiversity monitoring in Australia. The book is focused on terrestrial biodiversity, and is highly selective within this ecumene, concentrating on Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network sites and a restricted range of ecosystems. Chapters on monitoring in particular ecosystems are entitled tropical rainforests in eastern Australia, alpine ecosystems, heathlands, temperate eucalypt woodlands, northern Australian tropical savannas, desert complex environments, chenopod and acacia shrublands, and tall eucalypt forests. Treatments are not necessarily comprehensive. For example, the tropical savannas chapter concentrates on the Three Parks Fire Effects network and the alpine ecosystems chapter manages to almost totally ignore monitoring work outside the Australian Alps. We have a strange differentiation between 'core' studies and others, a distinction that seems to be based largely on the inclinations of the authors. Wetlands, marine ecosystems, coastal ecosystems and temperate rainforest are some of the Australian ecosystems that are not covered. However, that which is covered is covered very well, with many new analyses and insights from each of the ecosystems. Anyone undertaking work related to biodiversity in any of these ecosystems would be well advised to make the effort to obtain the relevant chapter. Partial coverage and unevenness make the volume less useful as a long term private shelf reference than better balanced multi-authored books on other aspects of Australian biodiversity. However, it definitely does achieve its aim, stated in the preface, of producing: 'a data-rich text that demonstrates the value of existing long-term ecological data sets and research in Australia, and highlight its utility for monitoring the state and trajectory of our environment and biodiversity', making it more than worthy of inclusion in institutional collections.


TWO of the more important figures in 20th century science have been William Henry Bragg (1) and his elder son William Lawrence Bragg (2). Less fully studied and understood are the formative years of W. H. Bragg's academic and research career, which were spent in Australia, where, in addition, W. L. Bragg was born, raised and educated. W. H. Bragg was appointed Elder Professor of Mathematics and Experimental Physics in the University of Adelaide late in 1885; at the age of 23 years and very soon after he graduated from the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos. It may be conceded that such a young man needed time to mature and to learn the ways of the academic world, but nevertheless it seems curious that his first 17 years in Australia should have involved little more than wide social popularity, a passion for golf and painting in water-colours, 'bicycle tours and picnics during the long lazy summer vacations by the sea', a flirtation with X-rays, and generally ' a pleasant and useful life as a popular teacher and good friend in the Adelaide community' (3).


A set of experiments is described in which CO/sub 2/ is injected into large cores of CH/sub 4//sup -/ and water-saturated bituminous coal at elevated pressures. CO/sub 2/ at pressures up to 800 psig (5516 KPa) is used to simulate the enhanced recovery of in-situ CH/sub 4/ from coal beds. CO/sub 2/ injection increases the recovery of CH/sub 4/ by a factor of two to three times that achieved in simple desorption by pressure drawdown and atmospheric diffusion. In general, higher CO/sub 2/ pressures achieve greater CH/sub 4/ recovery. The presence of even small amounts of N/sub 2/ in the injection gas greatly reduces the CH/sub 4/ recovered. CO/sub 2/ at 500 to 800 psig (3447 to 5516 kPa) is shown to be capable of completely demethanating integral coal samples. This was confirmed by tests run on crushed cores. CO/sub 2/ consumption by permanent adsorption is quite high vis-a-vis the CH/sub 4/ recovered and may preclude its use as an enhanced-recovery energy process. Its primary function would appear to be as a means of safely demethanating coal beds before mining.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited available therapies. There is progress in developing treatments for neuropsychiatric indications including agitation, psychosis, apathy, and sleep disorders in AD. Candidate therapies progress from nonclinical/animal assessment to trials in normal volunteers (Phase 1), small Phase 2 trials in AD, and larger confirmatory Phase 3 trials. Biomarkers play an increasingly important role in selecting participants, stratifying populations, demonstrating target engagement, supporting disease modification, and monitoring safety. There are currently 121 agents in clinical trials including treatments for neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognition enhancement and, disease progression. There are 27 agents in Phase 1 trials, 65 in Phase 2 trials, and 29 in Phase 3 trials. Most of the agents in trials (80%) target disease modification. Treatments are being assessed in secondary prevention trials of cognitively normal individuals at high risk for the development of AD. There is progress in target diversification, trial designs, outcome measures, biomarkers, and trial population definitions that promise to accelerate developing new therapies for those with or at risk for AD.


By use of optimized design 850-nm VCSELs under OOK modulation and FFE/DFE equalization, high bit-rate distance product (35-Gbps 500-m and 25-Gbps 1000-m) through OM4 MMF transmissions with ultra-low power consumption are successfully achieved.


The dorsal aortic (DAP), ventral aortic (VAP) blood pressures and heart rate were measured in Atlantic salmon affected with AGD in a clinical outbreak. DAP and VAP were high compared with published values for other salmonid species. Fish subjected to a 3-h freshwater bath and returned to seawater (the treatment of choice for AGD control) had a significantly lower dorsal aortic pressure, with values comparable to those for other salmonids. Heart rate was not affected by freshwater exposure. These data suggest that there may be a vascular hypertension associated with AGD in Atlantic salmon. Although the source of the hypertension remains to be identified, this finding may help to explain the poor post-stress survival of AGD-affected salmon.


WS-Security is a standard providing message-level security in Web Services. It allows exible application of security mechanisms in SOAP messages. Therewith it ensures their integrity, con dentiality and authenticity. However, using sophisticated security algorithms can lead to high memory consumptions and long evaluation times. In the combination with the standard XML DOM processing approach the Web Services servers become a simple target of Denial-of-Service attacks. This thesis presents a solution for these problems an external streaming-based WS-Security Gateway. First the di culties and limitations of the streaming-based approach applied on secured XML documents are discussed. Then the implementation of the WS-Security Gateway is presented. The implementation is capable of processing XML signatures in SOAP messages. The evaluation shows that streaming-based approach enhances the performance and is much more e cient in comparison to standard DOM-based frameworks. It is also proved that the implementation is under certain circumstances resistant against signature wrapping attacks.


We discuss algorithms for determining exactly the lower terms of the weight distribution of a turbo code. Several improvements of the recently introduced algorithm by R. Garello et al. (see IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.19, p.800-12, 2001) are outlined. The techniques presented improve the observed asymptotic complexity by a factor proportional to the information length. We further apply the improved algorithm to high rate turbo codes using high rate non-punctured constituent codes. To reduce complexity, the constituent codes are represented by a minimal information bit oriented trellis.


The invention provides a synthesis method for ultraviolet photoinitiator XBPO, which comprises the following steps of: putting sodium hydride and solvent benzene into a stirring reaction kettle, dropwise adding dichlorophenyl phosphine, putting catalyst organic base, dropwise adding 2, 4, 6-trimethyl benzoyl chloride, slowly dropwise adding pure water, slowly dropwise adding oxidant, dropwise adding 2% sodium hydroxide, washing with water, concentrating, crystallizing, filtering, and drying to obtain the ultraviolet photoinitiator. The synthesis method has the advantages that the photolytic product of the ultraviolet photoinitiator XBPO has two trimethyl benzoyl chloride and one phenyl phosphine acyl free radical, which are higher in initiation activity, compared with the photo initiation activity of TPO. The wide wave band has light sensitivity, so that the GR-XBPO not only can be independently used, but also can be used in cooperation with the other ultraviolet absorbers.


A novel method of estimating the differential delay of a sinusoidal signal is considered. The new method utilizes the propagator method (PM) which does not require the eigen-decomposition of the cross-spectral matrix (CSM) in estimating the delay of a signal received at two separated sensors. Moreover, the proposed method would generate estimates of the signal frequencies. Such estimates of time delay and frequencies are based on the observation and/or covariance matrices. Computer simulation is performed to validate the new procedure.


Monitoring ground surface deformation is one key for an early warning system to mitigate against landslide damages. In this study, the SBAS-InSAR technique was applied to analyze forty-seven SLC Sentinel-1A C-band SAR datasets acquired in the interferometric wide-swath (IW) mode for the detection of the time-series surface deformation leading to the Regent landslide events in 2017, Sierra Leone. The potential landslide sites were also identified in the area. It is argued that if the monitoring program using the SBAS-InSAR technique were in place in 2017, an early warning of the imminent slope failure could have been given some days before the landslide events occurred on 14 August 2017.


This study has a main purpose that closely examines the relationship among organizational justice, organizational effectiveness, and organizational citizenship behavior of sports center employee. In order to achieve it, the sample from sports center employee were accumulated by using convenience sampling that chose eleven sports centers. The samples were 320 people, and we excluded unsuitable sheet like that were decided as untrustful one and an omission, and unclear. So the final samples were 289 people. On the basis of that, we used statistical techniques, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis and it is the conclusions as follow. First, organizational justice of sports center employee influences organizational effectiveness. Second, organizational justice of sports center employee influences organizational citizenship behavior. Third, organizational effectiveness of sports center employee influences organizational citizenship behavior.


Summary 1. Exposure of strain C3H mice to air containing approximately 5 mg of chloroform per liter for one, 2, or 3 hours resulted in lesions of the kidneys of all of the males but in none of the females. Histologic details of this lesion were described. 2. The lesion found in the male animals in this experiment was similar to that exhibited by the males of strains C3H, C3Hf, A, and HR, some of which died immediately after an accidental exposure to chloroform and some in the months following the exposure. 3. A genetic difference was apparent in that whereas strains C3H, C3Hf, A, and HR were susceptible, strains C57BL, C57BR/cd, C57L, and ST were resistant to the accidental exposure.


We have developed a plano-convex solid immersion mirror (PC-SIM) containing a small aperture. Using the developed SIM, a readout experiment using a rotating disk was successfully carried out where the gap between the SIM and the disk was controlled by capacitance sensing. Further investigations by changing the slit width of the sample, aperture diameter of the SIM, and the gap distance between them yielded very interesting results. Under some conditions, a peak appeared at the center of the slit in addition to at both edges. We frame our hypothesis to account for this phenomenon.


The third phase of web means semantic web requires many web pages which are annotated with metadata. Thus, a crucial question is where to acquire these metadata. In this paper we propose our approach, a semi-automatic method to annotate the texts of documents and web pages and employs with a quite comprehensive knowledge base to categorize instances with regard to ontology. The approach is evaluated against the manual annotations and one of the most popular annotation tools which works the same as our tool. The approach is implemented in .net framework and uses the WordNet for knowledge base, an annotation tool for the Semantic Web. Keywords—Semantic Annotation, Metadata, Information Extraction, Semantic Web, knowledge base. .


Minor in Middle Eastern Studies, academic departments, College of Arts and Sciences, College of Art, Architecture and Design,School of Business and Management


The adaptation theory of Pragmatics holds that using language is a process of mutual adaptation of language structures and their contexts.This paper attempts to apply adaptation theory to a comparative analysis of the headlines in domestic version and overseas version of People's Daily for the same news,so as to prove that the variability of language use is actually the outcome of language user's linguistic choices,which indicates the impact of the contexts,aim of the communication,and degree of the communicator's consciousness.