When I assumed the editorship of The Bottom Line last year, I never dreamed it would be only for three issues. Frankly, three issues is simply a very brief introduction to the editing of a journal. But, of course, I never expected to be changing jobs either! Yet both things have happened. On January 3, 1994, I will become Chief Consultant for School Media Programs for the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, a job that will have me traveling the entire state—one that will make it impossible for me to continue to direct the necessary time and energy into editing a quality publication.


It is contemplated that a community mental health center will be established in our city in the near future. It is my understanding that experience in other established community health centers indicates that the clergy do not refer many individuals who approach them with emotional problems to these centers, or indeed to psychiatric personnel in any facility. What is the explanation for this lack of rapport between clergy and mental health personnel? Specifically, what role do you visualize that the clergy can play in the community health centers? What training is necessary for a clergyman to assume the responsibilities of a chaplain? How can we utilize patient contact with clergy to assist in most efficacious case referral?


 Spectrally resolved light emission imaging technique was used for the first time in characterizing fabrication process variation induced effects on deep submicron power PHEMT's electrical characteristics. It is observed in devices processed with different conditions that the difference in gate leakage current can be attributed to gate misalignment as revealed both by emission imaging technique and scanning electron microscope. Defects in the active channel region were also located using the emission imaging technique. The defects have a characteristic of generationrecombination centers with a discrete energy level rendering the Lorentzian shape in drain current flicker noise spectrum.


Based on the single chip computer and cell phone or fixed telephone this paper builds a new way of remote control. Of the whole system structure design and the main circuit to carry on the detailed introduction,the hardware part and software part is designed. User can use a mobile phone or fixed telephone through the operation of this system platform of remote controlled object control,and the controlled device can work or rest. The remote control system of the performance is stable,and does not impact on mobile phone or fixed telephone; operation is simple and convenient,and can also be changed according to the need,and has higher practical value.


The use of precured or pretreated components in the construction of tires is effective in reducing cost and weight. The process must be precisely controlled to not adversely affect the final assembly and vulcanization of the tire. In order for precuring to the cost effective, the process should be in-line with the calender or extruders and done while the product is in web or some other continuous form before cutting and the final assembly. To be effective, the precure system must operate reliably at normal line speeds so there is no effect on production throughputs but is effective in reducing cost. The Nissin Co. has succeeded in producing an electron beam precure system that is small enough to fit in-line with other production equipment and powerful enough to operate at normal line speeds. This paper will review the various tire components that have been favorably affected by the process.


OBJECT
The goal in this study was to explore and further refine comprehension of the anatomical features of the temporal loop, known as Meyer's loop.

METHODS
The lateral and inferior aspects of 20 previously frozen, formalin-fixed human brains were dissected under the operating microscope by using fiber microdissection.

RESULTS
A loop of the fibers in the anterior temporal region was clearly demonstrated in all dissections. This temporal loop, or Meyer's loop, is commonly known as the anterior portion of the optic radiation. Fiber microdissection in this study, however, revealed that various projection fibers that emerge from the sublentiform portion of the internal capsule (IC-SL), which are the temporopontine fibers, occipitopontine fibers, and the posterior thalamic peduncle (which includes the optic radiation), participate in this temporal loop and become a part of the sagittal stratum. No individual optic radiation fibers could be differentiated in the temporal loop. The dissections also disclosed that the anterior extension and angulation of the temporal loop vary significantly.

CONCLUSIONS
The fiber microdissection technique provides clear evidence that a loop in the anterior temporal region exists, but that this temporal loop is not formed exclusively by the optic radiation. Various projection fibers of the IC-SL, of which the optic radiation is only one of the several components, display this common course. The inherent limitations of the fiber dissection technique preclude accurate differentiation among individual fibers of the temporal loop, such as the optic radiation fibers.


Supported employment is a supportive system composed of a plurality of closely related links,including service application and occupational evaluation,job development and occupational training as well as work adaptation and continuously support.The lack or barrier of any links will result in that the mental disabled people cannot work well.During the process of supported employment for the intellectual disabled,family,employer,institute and the government should play their unique role.It's an urgent task to establish complete knowledge,visions and common sense to form a united and integrated relationship.


Wire EDM is a non-traditional machining operation in which complicated profiles are cut by the help of a wire by the application of heat produced from the electrical sparks. Gear cutting is a challenging task in which small teeth are cut by the help of wire for the manufacturing of gears to meet the growing demand. The objective of the present work is to minimise the error present in the gears by optimising the input parameters to get the optimum value. The proposed work deals with the analysis and optimisation of response parameters, i.e., single pitch error and material removal rate of wire electric discharge machined spur gears made of copper material. The values of pitch error and MRR of the gear obtained by these experiments were optimised and a loss function is generated by optimising the single pitch error and MRR. The loss function is investigated and the optimum value obtained can be applied for future findings.


– Quinoxaline (6a) , [1,4]benzodiazepines (6b,c) and [2,5]benzodiazocine (6d) were synthesized from hydroxylactams (3a-d) or ( 4a-d) via an N -acyliminium ion-pyrrole cyclization reaction. 3 and 4 were prepared in two steps from ready available substituted anilines (1a,b) or benzylamines (1c,d) .


In order to improve the yield of Amomum longiligulare, some characteristics of reproductive biology,including floweret number, pollen viability, stigma receptivity and fruit-dropping rate, were studied. The storage methods for pollens under different conditions were investigated as well. The results showed that the floweret number of A.longiligulare was 7.28(±0.83) in a anthotaxy. The floweret blossom was 1.5 day. The pollen viabilities in vitro were 83.6%,21.0% and 11.4% at flowering time of 0 h, 12 h and 24 h detected by germination method. The stigma receptivity was strong within 6 h after flowering, and lasted 24 h, which was more longer than the lifespan of the pollen at least 12 h.Artificial pollinating rate and natural pollinating rate were 64.10(±29.80)% and 17.55(±15.49)%, respectively. In the cases of artificial and natural pollination, the fruit dropping rates were 20.65(±31.39)% and 11.11(±32.34)%. When pollens were stored for 12 h, the pollen viability decreased to 0.6% under the condition of high humidity, whereas it was still 23.4%under the condition of cold and high humidity. This result indicates that the lifespan of A. longiligulare pollen can be prolonged significantly in the low temperature environment.


For many years,porphyry ore deposits have been regarded as the primary sources of the Cu and Mo in a traditional way.However,the geologic conditions of the diagenesis and metallogenesis of the porphyry ore deposits are complex with various mineralization types.Some of the large-superlarge deposits are multielemental and comprehensive.In addition to the Cu,Mo porphyry ore deposits,the metallogenesis and prospecting on nontraditional resources have great potential,including Au,Ag,Sn,W,Bi,Pb,Zn,Re,U,Co,S,Se,Te,PGE,magnetite,etc;rutile and rare metals,such as Ta,Nb are also worth paying attention to.It is of important theoretical value and practical significance to study the diagenesis and metallogenesis of geological background,geological characteristics,mineralization of distribution and the enrichment of a nontraditional view on the porphyry ore deposits;it is meaningful to summarize the indicator of prognosis and assessment on the nontraditional mineral resources,and to guide the prospecting and resource potential assessment on the porphyry ore deposits.


The invention relates to a bottom part (4) intended to receive food (1) thereon, and a container part (2) where the said bottom part (4) and the container part (2)) are intended to enclose the said food. The package is provided with means to hold the bottom part (4) and the container part (2) together in a detachable fashion and means to separate the said bottom part (4) from the container part (2) fully or partially. Separating takes the form of removing the said bottom part (4) with the bottom part (4) of the package standing in an essentially horizontal position on a serving surface (8) sothat the food (1) is so arranged as to come into contact with the serving surface (8), as a consequence of which the said container part (2) is essentially retained in its position enclosing the saidfood. The invention also relates to a method for transferring food from a package (5) to a serving surface (8) .


Studies on bionomics, predatory potential and detrimental effect of some insecticides on Rhinocoris fuacipes Fabricius were carried out under laboratory condition at Anand during the year 1996-97. Studies on bionomics revealed that the eggs are laid in batches of 5 to 33 on plant surfaces. The length and breadth of eggs measured were on an average of 0.848 and 0.40 mm, respectively. The incubation period of eggs was of 8.8 days with a hatching percentage of 90.41. The nymph passed through five instars to complete its development. The average duration of these instars when Y Abstact reared on S. litura was 12.12, 14.64, 17.16, 19.68 and 20.76 days for first, second, third, fourth and fifth instar, respectively, while it was recorded as 9.90, 12.85, 15.40, 16.55 and 19.35 days, respectively when it reared on C, cephalonica. The total nymphal period was on an average of 84.36 and 74.05 days when reared on S. litura and C. cephalonica. respectively. The adult of £. fuscjpea is a medium sized, bright crimson red bug. The female is slightly bigger th^n male and can be easily differentiated by the presence of black vertical strips on last abdominal segment of male. Pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods were recorded as 3.65, 61.35 and 4.80 days, respectively when reared on S. litura while it was recorded as 4.20, 65.15 and 4.55 days, respectively when reared on C. cephalonica. Average fecundity was 140.30 and 165.65 eggs when reared on S. litura and £. cephalonica, respectively. Longevity of male and female bugs was of 60.88 and 69.72 days, respectively when reared on S. litura while it was recorded as 65.80 and 74.35 days for male and female, respectively when reared on C. cephalonica. Male and female survived for 7.6 and 10.7 days, respectively without food. The average entire life span of male and female was of 154 and 162.60 days, respectively when reared on §• litura


When multi-agent research is used in electronic commerce, most of time, the study relates to the negotiation. The general idea is to send agents negotiating in place of human negotiator, after preliminary allotted the appropriate behavior. The behavior depends on the type of transaction. The negotiation is however only one angle of vision. We should not either be unaware of the trade under its competing aspect; i.e. the purchasers are virtuall y in competition to obtain common resources. The term virtual is justified by the fact that agents which are in competition do not have any direct link between them. In this paper, we would like to contribute our share on this second aspect, which is the competition. The case study is typically the electronic commerce in its aspect of remote competition between several purchasers. We then propose an agent approach for analyzing this kind of situation. Our objective is to build software agents which can manage competition in a distributed environment.


Objective To study the effect of α-crystallin on retinal ganglial cells(RGCs) and the possible mechanisms.Methods The changes of RGCs in vitro stimulated by 10~(-7),10~(-6),10~(-5),or 10~(-4)g/L α-crystallin for 1,3,12 h,1,2,3 d were observed and identified by Thy1.1 antibody.The number and the length of outgrowing RGCs axons were calculated under microscope and compared with the control group.The effect of α-crystallin on RGCs was detected by immunofluorescence with confocal laser scanning microscope.Results The length and number of RGCs axons in 10~(-4),10~(-5)g/L α-crystallin solution were more than in the control on day 1,2,3 after α-crystallin stimulation,most significant difference in 10~(-4)g/L group.The interaction between α-crystallin and RGCs was proven positive by immunofluorescence with confocal laser scanning microscope.It increased firstly,then reduced.It reached the maximum at 3 h after α-crystallin stimulation.Conclusion α-crystallin enhanced the survival of RGCs and the regeneration of axons,suggesting α-crystallin might be related to the changes of RGCs membrane signal transduction pathway.The mechanism might be involved in the interaction between α-crystallin and RGCs.


Connecticut is the first state in the country to have adopted an ambient air quality standard for dioxins at 1 pg/m3, 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents, as annual average. This paper describes the scientific basis and the methodology used by the State Department of Health Services (the risk assessment agency) in assisting the Department of Environmental Protection (the risk management agency) to establish a health-based dioxin standard. This standard protects the public health from the aggregate effect of all sources of dioxin emissions in the vapor and particulate phases. The risk assessment methodology included: a limit on total daily dioxin exposure from all media and sources based on reproductive effects, a multi-media non-source specific exposure assessment, an apportionment by media of the health-based limit (including background dosing rate), an evaluation of inhalation bioavailability and cancer risk based on a calculation of a range of upperbound cancer risk estimates using different potency, bioavailability, and particle phase assumptions.


Objective To investigate the expression of human mismatches repair gene(hMLH1/hMSH2)and mutant p53 in cervical cancer.Methods Immunohistochemical detection of hMLH1,hMSH2,and mutant P53 protein were performed on 68 cervical carcinoma and 21chronic cervical inflammation tissue.Results The positive expression rates of hMLH1,hMSH2,and mutant P53 protein in cervical carcinoma and chronic cervical inflammation tissue were significantly different(P0.05).The positive expression rate of mnotamt p53 in hMLH1 positive and negative cervical cancer tissue was not significantly different(P0.05).The positive expression rate of mutawot p53 in hMSH2 positive cervical cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in hMSH2 negative tissue(P0.01).Conclusion The abnormal expression of hMLH1/hMSH2 and Mutant p53 might be involved in the carcinogens process of cervical cancer.


This book covers all aspects of one of the most important potential applications of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), namely large scale electric power generation. The presentation begins with the basic properties of ionized gases and ends with the performance of power plants. Along the way relevant scientific and engineering aspects of MHD application are considered. Both theory and experiment are discussed and references to ongoing work are provided. MHD, a combination of electrodynamics, fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and chemistry, is a subject of enormous breadth, and often of considerable mathematical complexity. It is used to explain the earth's magnetic field, the aurora borealis, the behavior of sunspots, and the gigantic jets that issues from the centers of galaxies. It is also of use in the ongoing effort to harness atomic energy by means of controlled thermonuclear fusion. This book filters out those aspects of the subjects that are relevant to engineering applications of MDH, specifically to power generation. In the process it also affords insights important for other applications, such as aerospace propulsion. For the person interested primarily in engineering applications, it thus offers a way to learn about a fascinating subject in a concise manner and from a practical point of view.


Chemical and oxygen isotopic analysis of a short pilot core from the equatorial Atlantic shows a proportionality between $$CaCO_{3}$$ percentages and paleotemperatures. This proportionality suggests a causal relationship between temperature and the ratio of carbonate to non-carbonate accumulation, without implying temperature dependence for the carbonate production rate. No relationship could be demonstrated between temperatures and the smaller carbonate variations. However, if these are the residue of larger variations partly smoothed out by reworking of the sediment by bottom organisms, they would assume a significance beyond that of noise.


Evaluating interpreter performance is a controversial issue throughout a professional degree (Riccardi, 2002). The training period is vital for introducing future interpreters to habits of recognizing their strengths and weaknesses, lack of specific knowledge and application of learned skills. Integrating self-assessment into teaching and treating it as essential will have positive effects on learners' attitudes to self-criticism and on performance. Collaborative approaches and technologies make it easier to work with recorded material and enable teachers and students to exchange materials effectively. We have used evaluation sheets for teaching interpreting to our students. We used them in the first stage of training and had students participate actively in evaluating simulated situations in class. This strategy had a positive effect on student commitment and learning and led to better short term results in their performance.


The University of Louisville's J.B. Speed School of Engineering began a student Tablet PC initiative four years ago. As a result of this initiative, Speed School of Engineering classrooms now have a one to one Tablet PC deployment. Leveraging this environment to improve the teaching and learning in the classroom is the long-term goal of this and many other Tablet PC programs. Many challenges to achieving this goal exist, including: faculty adoption, infrastructure support, and student competency. Faculty members in the Department of Engineering Fundamentals have been early adopters and pioneers in using Tablet PCs in the classroom. Adoption of Tablet PC usage in upper level courses and in other departments has been mixed and slower to develop than in the entry level courses taught by the Department of Engineering Fundamentals. A similar trend has also been the case in other schools with Tablet PC programs. Some preliminary research and anecdotal evidence indicates that simple introductory seminars are not sufficient to provide faculty with knowledge and resources to effectively use Tablet PCs in the classroom. The authors, both members of the Department of Engineering Fundamentals, developed both a two hour introductory seminar for faculty on use of Tablet PCs, and a follow up summer workshop entitled: "Tablet Faculty Learning Community" (TFLC). Learning communities can be an effective means of promoting faculty development, and the TFLC was based on the authors' experiences in a different University Faculty Learning Community. The goal for both the seminar and TFLC were simple: provide faculty with technical and pedagogical information, and then offer support for their attempts to incorporate Tablet PCs into the classroom teaching. A major innovation developed for the seminar, and used in the workshop, was a multiple projector approach to help faculty see each of the following: (a) the instructor's Tablet PC screen with controls, (b) the classroom projected content, and (c) a sample student Tablet PC screen. As part of the TFLC, faculty participants were required to develop material for one of their courses using a Tablet PC and then present the material to the other TFLC participants in a practice classroom setting. There were only five participants in the TFLC, including two faculty members who had not previously utilized Tablet PCs in the classroom. Participants reported the practice setting was very effective. One participant used Tablet PCs in the classroom on a limited basis during the fall semester, and another participant has expressed serious interest in using them in future classes. Another participant is not using a tablet PC during this current semester. Approaches and techniques used in the seminar and in the TFLC are described in greater detail, as well as survey results from the TFLC participants.


The frequency dependence of statistics of radar signals scattered from forest are investigated through a simulation study based on a radiative-transfer theory. A forest canopy is modelled as a volume of needle-shaped or disc-shaped leaves and finite-length, cylindrical branches. It is expected that at radar frequencies above the X-band, scattering away from normal incidence is largely dominated by leaves, while a mixture of leaves and branches is important to model a forest canopy at the C-band. Thus, simulations of both a volume of leaves and a mixture of leaves and branches are of interest. It is assumed that all leaves and branches are randomly oriented. It is found that for leaves that are small compared with the incident wavelength, signal amplitude is Rayleigh distributed. Generally, this means the length of a needle-shaped leaf can be as long as kh (wavenumber*length) equal to 2, because its volume is small. However, for a disc-shaped leaf ka (wavenumber*radius) should be no more than 0.5 because its volume is much larger. When the leaves are comparable in size to the incident wavelength, signal amplitude assumes a gamma distribution. The signal amplitude distribution for a mixture of branches and leaves is also well represented by a gamma distribution because, here, the scatterer volume is also large in dimension relative to the incident wavelength.


In this paper I study a generalized Vasicek dynamic term structure model with time-varying parameters, where the short rate r is unbounded and the time to maturity for the exponential yield curve model is an exponential function of the short rate. Closed-form solutions are derived for two cases by function analysis technique, with the classical Vasicek equation used as a special case. The methods employed in this paper may have significance in the study of other aspects of finance.


The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the advantages of resonant power converters (RPC) in renewable energy sources. Due to their advantages over other topologies RPCs are more often used in many applications then after an overview of applications of RPC in different areas the paper focuses on the analysis, design, simulation and experimentation of an LsCsLpCp resonant circuit for renewable energy sources. To improve the dynamic performance of the converter supplying the resonant circuit, a hybrid control scheme, which combines both PWM and frequency control, is developed. Simulation and experimental results are achieved at full and half load conditions for a 3kW prototype. The parallel inductor Lp is taken as part of the magnetizing inductance, which therefore reduces the magnetic component count.


I-O psychology is involved in a continuing identity quest. In my year of service to you as SIOP president, the greatest challenges have related to our identity as a field. These challenges occur because we haven't clarified what our identity is, we haven't been able to convey our identity well, and because we don't have a clear sense of what direction we would like our identity to evolve in. I will begin by briefly noting these challenges we are facing, using quotes from last year's survey of the SIOP membership to illustrate the issues. I will define organizational and occupational identity and describe how lessons from other professions can be applied to developing our identity as a field. I'll then discuss a direction for our identity quest, referring to theory and empirical research to support what we need to do. Mostly, I'm going to offer my opinions on what I see as the critical challenges facing I-O and how I think we can and should tackle them. While my ideas have been influenced by conversations with so many of you—and I thank you for your insights— I'll take full responsibility for what is presented here. First, what is happening that leads me to state that I-O psychology is on an identity quest? The challenges we are facing that relate to our identity include concerns about the visibility of the field, concerns about how well we are differentiated from other like disciplines, concerns that we are not perceived as positively as competitors in the marketplace, concerns about how we fit within the broader field of psychology, concerns about how well our name conveys who we are, and concerns about future generations of I-O psychologists. Let me discuss each of these in turn. The first symptom of an identity problem is our feelings about the visibility of our field. Here are quotes from member responses to the SIOP survey that illustrate the visibility challenge: "SIOP is not recognized as widely as it could/should be...it has yet to make sufficient inroads in conveying who we are and how we can make a difference." "When CNN reports on issues they should go to SIOP to ask for an expert to provide fact-based commentary on the subject." "I still find that the overwhelming majority of people I meet do not know what I-O psychology is...." The concern is that we are not doing a good job of conveying our identity. Other data supports these views—Gasser and colleagues have conducted several studies illustrating how poorly understood I-O psychology is (Gasser, Butler, Anderson, Whitsett, & Tan, 2000; Gasser, Butler, Anderson, Whitsett,


In this paper,based on the Minimum Different List(MDL) of the rough set theory,we build a Simple Different Matrix(SMD) which is similar to MDL using the incremental representation.From the approximate reduction set of SDM,we implement the forward selection of the attribute subspace.Finally,a hybrid feature selection algorithm based on the rough set theory has been proposed,and the result shows that the efficiency and accuracy of feature selection have been improved greatly by this approach.What is more,the algorithm does well in the preprocessing of data mining.


According to some problems of the prestress concrete pipe pile foundation in construction, such as exceed stake and short stake ,tilt stake, bar stake ,the influence of suqeeze soil and vibration, this article analyzes its reason, bring up its preventing and curing methods.


Abstract : Simulation Extension: The overall objective of the Simulation Extensions project is to identify and quantify those generic mission, scenario and sensor parameters (as well as their interactions) which drive the performance of space-based staring IR surveillance systems. The approach taken to achieve their overall objective has proceeded along two main avenues; Simulation Enhancements, and Simulation Applications. Efforts in the Simulation Enhancements areas are directed toward generalized those models in the Draper Integrated Simulations which are too limited in scope or perhaps restricted to one particular system. In support of the Simulation Enhancements effort, work was performed (or is in progress) on models for the platform, sensor (including focal plane and signal processor), and scene. Utilizing the tools developed as a result of the Simulation Enhancements work, the Simulation Applications effort studies issues related to generic surveillance system performance drivers. Results are reported from a study which examines the effects of spectral band selection and scene local time of day on line-of-sight jitter-induced clutter leakage through the signal processor of a generic surveillance system. Halo Optics: CSDL prepared a deconvolution test to validate Itek's deconvolution algorithm for correcting a deformed HALO optical system. The algorithm uses the wavefront errors measured by a wavefront sensor to determine the actuator signals. This report describes a limited blind test and concludes that the algorithm successfully determine the actuator displacements from the wavefront errors provided in this test.


Abstract A hypothesis is proposed that the seasonal evolution of sea surface temperature (SST) is the major forcing to control both the onset and the life cycle of the monsoon. A sensitive coupling of surface heat flux and cumulus convection is the central process and, in the current model, is realized by wind-induced surface-heat exchange. The model adopted is a shallow water analog in dynamics with two vertical levels for thermodynamics. The land forcing effect is neglected as a crucial simplification of the model experiments, along with the absence of the dynamical feedback to the SST in the model. Experiments with steady SST forcing reveal the presence of three regimes of response. Weak SST forcing realizes two unsteady regimes, depending on the latitude of the forcing: (i) the supercluster regime, characterized by equatorially trapped eastward propagating convective coherencies akin to the Madden–Julian waves, and (ii) the monsoon regime, characterized by an intermittent planetary-scale standing conv...


The Internet of Things (IoT) notion anticipates the ubiquitous connectivity and collaboration of intelligent objects across the existing and forthcoming Internet connectivity. IoT is essentially the expansion of the internet into physical sphere, allowing numerous innovative applications that will enhance people's daily lives, generate start-ups, and make structures, societies, and mobility increasingly intelligence. However, these valuable capabilities are also instances of confidentiality risk and digital unequal treatment and discrimination that are already restricting the Internet of Things aim's viability if they are not implemented properly. These risks include IoT-based personal invasion and other types of discrimination as well as new problems. This paper will study outline of the IoT and application into the world. Then the study will next analyse numerous regulations strengthen Privacy and Anti-discrimination laws suggested by the United Nations and examples of countries information technology provisions that provide effective confidential safeguards and discrimination regulation of user authentication for the IoT. The conclusion of the article is that, in order to minimize the privacy impact and social discrimination problems resulting from the abuse of IoT, we must: ensure the better legal provisions with self-consciousness among users which are needed, as well as advance technology and software application needed to curb the challenges.


1. A method for identifying content declaration for data element comprising the steps of: (a) using at least one computer in the first network node compares the detected fingerprint data element with the stored reference file associated with the at least one declaration of content; and (b) if the particular fingerprint coincides with the stored reference file, it is determined by at least one computer in the first network node that the at least one declaration of content associated with said specific digital fingerprint dannyh.2 element. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: (c) prior to performing steps (a) and (b), using at least one computer in the first network node receiving the at least one declaration of content and its associated fingerprint from at least one computer in the second network node; and (d) to perform the steps of (a) and (b), stored on a permanent basis the received declaration of content and its associated digital fingerprint in a memory accessible to the at least one computer in the first network uzle.3. A method according to claim 2, further comprising the step of: (e) prior to performing step (d), via the at least one computer in the first network node, certified in that the received content declaration trusted istochnikom.4 was formed. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: before performing steps (a) and (b), using at least one computer in the first network node, receiving said specific digital fingerprint from at m


The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of organizational culture, education, and training on employee performance at the Sawunggalih Aji Polytechnic, Purworejo Regency.
Data analysis used research instrument analysis which included validity testing using product-moment correlation analysis, reliability testing using Cronbach's alpha technique, hypothesis testing using the rule of the analysis technique.The results showed that: 1) there was a positive and significant influence of organizational culture on employee performance, 2) there was a positive and significant effect of education and training on employee performance, 3) there was a positive and significant influence on organizational culture, education, and training on employee performance.This study uses linear regression analysis. The variables studied in this study were to examine the strength of the relationship and the magnitude of the influence of organizational culture, education, and training on employee performance. The research was conducted with the location and employees at the Sawunggalih Aji Polytechnic.The current condition of the Sawunggalih Aji Polytechnic still has limitations with various problems. The limitations experienced include financial capacity, limited access to information and technology. Therefore, literacy of Organizational Culture, Education, and Training improve performance. Several studies have been conducted to prove that literacy in Organizational Culture, Education, and Training has an impact on improving employee performance.This study offers interesting recommendations regarding organizational policies to increase work engagement and its dimensions. Based on the findings of this study, the direct effect of education and training, as well as organizational culture on performance is more dominant than the joint effect of each variable.


This paper introduces the Kinematic Driver Model (KiD) and its application. KiD is a 1D modelling framework developed at the UK Met Office to facilitate a consistent intercomparison of the microphysics parametrizations employed in a number of cloud‐resolving models and numerical weather prediction models. The development of the KiD model was born out of GCSS intercomparison results, which show a wide range of microphysical behaviour and a need to explain the behaviour of different microphysics schemes without the complication of dynamic or radiative feedbacks. This paper describes the KiD model and one of the standard test cases for warm microphysics. Results from a comparison of warm microphysics schemes are presented. The schemes tested produce very different surface precipitation rates and onset timings, as well as different accumulated precipitation. In general, single‐moment bulk schemes produce the most rapid onset of precipitation and the widest range in accumulated surface precipitation. Sensitivity tests within the KiD show that including a diagnostic intercept parameter for the rain size distribution reduced variation between the single‐moment schemes. However, the early onset of precipitation is a persistent feature of single‐moment schemes. Double‐moment bulk schemes exhibit improved timing for the precipitation onset relative to an explicit bin model and comparison of accumulated precipitation shows much better agreement. However, double‐moment schemes tend to produce relatively large peak precipitation rates, particularly with the deeper cloud. Further sensitivity tests within the KiD demonstrate that using a three‐moment scheme, with variable shape parameter, significantly improves the simulation peak precipitation rate relative to an explicit bin model. The tests and results presented in this paper are described to act as a reference for other users to compare with their microphysics schemes and aid microphysics parametrization development. Copyright © 2012 British Crown copyright, the Met Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


Neurology in India is very different from the speciality practised in this country mainly because of the environment and the many geographical differences in disease-incidence. Most of the traffic in postgraduate training has been from east to west; perhaps it is time that opportunities arose for this situation to be reversed.


This paper introduces a general method of establishing Watershed Flooding Disaster Management Information System (WFDMIS). The functions, database, models, user interface, software and hardware are considered. An application example in Poyang Lake Basin was given.


The basic theory of project management is briefly discussed and on this basis the basic methodology and approaches are probed for investigation and design project management.


Many of the tasks that require a high level of autonomy in complex and dangerous situations are still done by human operators with a high risk of accidents. Although various remotely controlled robot systems have been proposed, the remote operation has limitations in performance and efficiency compared with on-site operations. This letter proposes the design of a new force and tactile sensing mechanism for a robotic end-effector suitable for deployment in harsh environments with integrated force sensing based on fiber optic sensors embedded in a simple and rugged structure. The proposed end-effector was able to detect the magnitude and location of the applied force accurately for high-performance tele-manipulation using hierarchical deep neural network (root mean square errors of 0.43 and 1.11 mm for estimating the contact location in the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively, and 1.16 N for estimating the magnitude of the contact force). Gaussian smoothing was used to support the performance, reducing the error levels by 25%. Also, learning feasibility was performed based on the auto-encoder. Using preliminary bilateral remote control experiments, we demonstrated the feasibility of the telemanipulation with dexterity.


Abstract The process of instructional development was engaged in to extend the literature base of the unit on insects, specifically ants, bees, and crickets, for grade two. Quality literature works were gathered to enrich the unit. The result of this project was the development of a rich environment in which the processes of the language arts and science areas were integrated to foster students' in-depth study of the concepts of the unit and thinking-language abilities. The unit was presented through teacher-directed activities and learning centers--sustaining and specific to the unit. Sustaining centers maintained a secure, predictable learning environment as well as enhanced the unit of study. Abstract The process of instructional development was engaged in to extend the literature base of the unit on insects, specifically ants, bees, and crickets, for grade two. Quality literature works were gathered to enrich the unit. The result of this project was the development of a rich environment in which the processes of the language arts and science areas were integrated to foster students' in-depth study of the concepts of the unit and thinking-language abilities. The unit was presented through teacher-directed activities and learning centers--sustaining and specific to the unit. Sustaining centers maintained a secure, predictable learning environment as well as enhanced the unit of study.


For the single kernel based clustering methods, the selection of kernel parameters largely affects the clustering results. To address this issue, a new multiple kernel fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm is proposed, in which the maximum entropy method is used to regularize the kernel weights and decide the important kernels. A new objective function is developed to simultaneously minimize the within cluster dispersion in the kernel space and maximize the kernel-weight-entropy. Thus, the optimal clustering results have been yielded and the important kernels are extracted according to the optimal assignment of kernel weights. Experiments on synthetic `nonspherical' shaped datasets have demonstrated the efficiency and superiority of the presented algorithms.


obtained. Instead of a treatise, we are presented with a bundle of short articles, controversial letters and newspaper communications, which all bear on the subject under discussion, but do so in a disjointed, desultory manner. The author considers that he has been misrepresented?at all events misunderstood?and adopts this mode of at once replying to his assailants and stating his own opinions. In the former purpose he has been successful, we think ; in the latter he has partially failed. But our own sentiments are


Texture is the key factors which will influence the quality of meatballs.This research is mainly on the correlative analysis between sensory and instrumental measurement of meatballs' texture to find a reasonable way for texture measurement.Ten normal commercial meatballs were collected.Texture profile analysis with twelve trained panelists was used to determine and compare the sensory characteristics of samples,and TPA(Texture Profile Analysis) was used as instrumental methodology.PCA(Principal component analysis) was used to extract three principal sensory components.The sensory data of the ten meatballs was significantly different(p0.05).Correlation Analysis indicated that there were widespread correlation among sensory attributes(r=-0.703~0.961),and the instrumental parameters hardness was notably correlated with sensory texture attributes.Stepwise regression analysis was used to generate prediction equations with the parameters of TPA as independent variables,and the data of principal sensory attributes as dependent variable.The prediction equations of sensory hardness,cohesiveness and juiciness were of significance in statistics.


The near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) observed at the S K edge from Ni(110)c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)-S exhibits a strong dependence on the azimuthal as well as the polar orientation of the x-ray electric vector. Such a marked azimuthal dependence has not been observed from other atomic adsorbate systems, suggesting that the NEXAFS may arise from pseudointramolecular resonances. However, this interpretation is shown to be inadequate by comparison of experimental data with multiple-scattering calculations. The calculations show that the NEXAFS above the white line is determined in a complicated way by several shells of neighboring atoms, and is not simply dominated by sulfur-nickel near-neighbor scattering. Despite this, the calculations do show that the NEXAFS is sensitive to the adsorption site, and therefore complement the surface extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure information. The calculations do not, however, describe the white line accurately and hence its origin remains to be determined.


Objective To examine the frequency of C825T G protein β3 subunit gene polymorphism and its association with obesity of ethnic Kyrgyz. Methods The study enrolled 210 people, 89 patients (35 females, 54 males) with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 121 practically healthy patients (38 females, 83 males) with normal body weight and no signs of type 2 diabetes (group of control), who were not observed before by a cardiologist. The blood pressure, anthropometry, glucose and lipid profile were examined among all subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells. G protein β3 subunit C825T polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results TT and CT genotypes carriers were grouped together in one group because the TT genotype was rare. CT + TT genotype frequency in the group with obesity made 0.72 and was significantly higher than that in the control group - 0.52 (χ2-8.44; P = 0.004; odds ratio - 2.55; 95%CI 1.31-4.23). The statistical analysis revealed that hypertension (45% vs. 31.3%, P = 0.049) and obesity (51.2% vs. 30%, P <0.01) occurred significantly more often in CT + TT genotype carriers than in the CC homozygotes. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of 825T allele (exp β - 2.89; 95% CI 1.25-6.7; P=0.013), along with the occasional consumption of vegetables (exp β - 3.47; 95% CI 1.52-7.94; P=0.003) was the significant risk factor for obesity, regardless of gender, age and level of physical activity. In the construction of the similar regression model for hypertension, the statistically significant role of 825T allele was lost after adjustment for obesity as an independent variable. Conclusion G protein β3 subunit gene C825T allele in the Kyrgyz ethnic group has an association with obesity.


Novolac is widely used as the primary solid component of most photoresists in semiconductor and microelectronic devices. In this study, novolac resins...


Ageing is considered one of the significant issues faced by bituminous mixtures. The short-term ageing phase involves a significant rise in the bitumen's viscosity, which may lead to early raveling and cracking. Antiageing additives are prescribed to reduce the effects of short-term ageing. However, most antiageing additives have detrimental health effects and also affect water quality. In recent times, waste cooking oil (WCO) has gained attention as a potential antiageing additive considering its peptizing ability. In this study, the antiageing ability of WCO is investigated considering the rheological and chemical parameters of the bitumen (binder). The rheological test included oscillation, frequency sweep, and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR). The chemical test included the extraction of asphaltene from the bitumen. PG 64-10 and VG30 binders were short-term aged and modified with 3.0 and 5.0% WCO, respectively. The master curves indicated the presence of optimum WCO content for the binders, where the WCO short-term aged modified binders overlapped with that of unaged binders. The Burger model fitted for the creep phase of the bitumen indicated a significant increase in the viscous strain when the WCO addition exceeded the optimum value. The ageing indices based on rheological and chemical parameters depicted an excellent correlation. The optimum values of WCO based on rheological, chemical, and ageing indices were found to be in tandem. Overall, WCO has the potential to function as an antiageing additive, and the optimum value should be identified meticulously, as adding beyond the optimum may lead to permanent deformation.


Obstetrical emergencies are life threatening conditions that occur in pregnancy during labour and after delivery. It is common that approximately 15% of all pregnant women develop serious complication from conception to delivery. Obstetrical emergencies may turn catastrophic in women, so every little contribution to save maternal and neonatal life brings about reduction in maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Among all the emergency situations which may arise across the field of obstetrics, there are small numbers which call urgent practical steps to be taken in order to safeguard the life of the mother or the baby or both. Emergency obstetric care is a set of critical lifesaving functions commonly called signal functions provided by a health care facility throughout the day and week. Obstetric complications can neither be predicted nor be prevented but can be managed by timely provision of life saving services. When obstetric emergencies occur, effective and efficient care by the health care professionals is essential for good outcome and safety. Diagnosis of serious situation to delivery interval should be less than 30 minutes; however, it is expected to be lengthy then appropriate measure should be taken to manage the obstetric complications. Prompt diagnosis , timely performed intervention and positive impact of maternal and neonatal management have significantly improved the maternal and neonatal outcome.


We theoretically and empirically explore the explainability benefits of adversarial learning in logistic regression models on structured datasets. In particular we focus on improved explainability due to significantly higher $\textit{feature-concentration}$ in adversarially-learned models: Compared to natural training, adversarial training tends to more efficiently shrink the weights of non-predictive and weakly-predictive features, while model performance on natural test data only degrades slightly (and even sometimes improves), compared to that of a naturally trained model. We provide theoretical insight into this phenomenon via an analysis of the expectation of the logistic model weight updates by an SGD-based adversarial learning algorithm, where examples are drawn from a random binary data-generation process. We empirically demonstrate the feature-pruning effect on a synthetic dataset, some datasets from the UCI repository, and real-world large-scale advertising response-prediction data-sets from MediaMath. In several of the MediaMath datasets there are 10s of millions of data points, and on the order of 100,000 sparse categorical features, and adversarial learning often results in model-size reduction by a factor of 20 or higher, and yet the model performance on natural test data (measured by AUC) is comparable to (and sometimes even better than) that of the naturally trained model. We also show that traditional $\ell_1$ regularization does not even come close to achieving this level of feature-concentration. We measure "feature concentration" using the Integrated Gradients-based feature-attribution method of Sundararajan et. al (2017), and derive a new closed-form expression for 1-layer networks, which substantially speeds up computation of aggregate feature attributions across a large dataset.


This paper investigates the effects of climate-induced rising of ocean temperature on the optimal fishing policies in a two players? non-cooperative game setting. We compare reactive management, under which the manager does not believe in or know about temperature trend, with proactive management where the manager considers the future temperature change in his decisions. We assume that the fish stock is initially solely owned by country one. As temperature rises, the stock starts spilling over to the zone of the other country and eventually becomes under its sole ownership. A stochastic dynamic programming model is developed to identify Nash management strategies for the two players. The main findings are that anticipation of temperature trend induces notable strategic interactions between two players. Knowing that it is gradually loosing the stock, country one is often harvesting more aggressively, whereas the country that is increasing its ownership harvests more conservatively. Compared to reactive management, proactive management benefits both parties in terms of their cumulative pay-offs; the biological stock is also larger much of the time. In most cases, the difference between two management regimes is subtle, but when the stock is slow-growing and highly schooling, proactive management may save it from collapse.


The random errors contained in a finite set E of precipitation estimates result from both finite sampling and measurement‐algorithm effects. The expected root-mean-square random error associated with the estimated average precipitation in E is shown to be sr 5 r[(H 2 p)/pNI]1/2, where ris the space‐time-average precipitation estimate over E, H is a function of the shape of the probability distribution of precipitation (the nondimensional second moment), p is the frequency of nonzero precipitation in E, and NI is the number of independent samples in E. All of these quantities are variables of the space‐time-average dataset. In practice H is nearly constant and close to the value 1.5 over most of the globe. An approximate form of sr is derived that accommodates the limitations of typical monthly datasets, then it is applied to the microwave, infrared, and gauge precipitation monthly datasets from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project. As an aid to visualizing differences in sr for various datasets, a ''quality index'' is introduced. Calibration in a few locations with dense gauge networks reveals that the approximate form is a reasonable first step in estimating sr.


A statistical evaluation to test the reliability of predicting depth to a subsurface interface beneath Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, was made using measured depth (y) from drill holes and calculated depth (x) from the analysis of gravity data. These data were sorted into four data sets based on relative spatial or temporal location. The results of the investigation for all data sets show that there is a strong linear relation between y and x, that the magnitude of the minimum relative uncertainty of predicting a depth is less than 10 percent at the 95-percent confidence limit, and that the difference between the slope of the calculated regression line and the slope of the ideal prediction equation can be explained as sampling variation. (auth)


This research was conducted for the observation of the status of soil fertility and salinity using the biochar produced from the Mehagony leaves and Sawdust. Biochar has been produced by the pyrolysis method. Different feeds produced biochar ranging from 37% to 39% in initial dry weight. Each biochar was distinguished in the study by the percent of organic Carbon, moisture content, total Nitrogen, and cations of Ca++, Na+, K+, Mg++ Pand S. All of the biochar produced from different feedstock contain high amounts of organic Carbon of 69% to76.11%. The pH, EC, and other nutrient contents were determined from the treated soil before and after the treatment of biochar and found higher value pH values and reduction of EC value due to the application of biochar. The EC values were decreased in biochar-treated saline soil than in untreated soil. The maximum decrease of EC was noticed from 13 to 10.5 ds/m in Mahogany leaf biochar-treated soil. The performance of the biochar of Mahogany leaves is higher than the Sawdust biochar for the reduction of salinity and increased other nutrients such as Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (P), and Sulfur (S). The overall concentration of P, K, Ca, Mg, and S was increased in all biochar-treated saline soil compared to untreated soil. The findings of the study indicated that the Mahogany leaf biochar and Sawdust biochar have a high potential for desalination of saline soil and buildup of available nutrients in saline soil.

https://universepg.com/public/storage/journal-pdf/Application of mahogany leaves and sawdust biochar for amendment of saline soil.pdf


We investigated whether, during maximal exercise, intercostal muscle blood flow is as high as during resting hyperpnoea at the same work of breathing. We hypothesized that during exercise, intercostal muscle blood flow would be limited by competition from the locomotor muscles. Intercostal (probe over the 7th intercostal space) and vastus lateralis muscle perfusion were measured simultaneously in ten trained cyclists by near‐infrared spectroscopy using indocyanine green dye. Measurements were made at several exercise intensities up to maximal (WRmax) and subsequently during resting isocapnic hyperpnoea at minute ventilation levels up to those at WRmax. During resting hyperpnoea, intercostal muscle blood flow increased linearly with the work of breathing (R2= 0.94) to 73.0 ± 8.8 ml min−1 (100 g)−1 at the ventilation seen at WRmax (work of breathing ∼550–600 J min−1), but during exercise it peaked at 80% WRmax (53.4 ± 10.3 ml min−1 (100 g)−1), significantly falling to 24.7 ± 5.3 ml min−1 (100 g)−1 at WRmax. At maximal ventilation intercostal muscle vascular conductance was significantly lower during exercise (0.22 ± 0.05 ml min−1 (100 g)−1 mmHg−1) compared to isocapnic hyperpnoea (0.77 ± 0.13 ml min−1 (100 g)−1 mmHg−1). During exercise, both cardiac output and vastus lateralis muscle blood flow also plateaued at about 80% WRmax (the latter at 95.4 ± 11.8 ml min−1 (100 g)−1). In conclusion, during exercise above 80% WRmax in trained subjects, intercostal muscle blood flow and vascular conductance are less than during resting hyperpnoea at the same minute ventilation. This suggests that the circulatory system is unable to meet the demands of both locomotor and intercostal muscles during heavy exercise, requiring greater O2 extraction and likely contributing to respiratory muscle fatigue.


This paper presents a summary analysis of the various attempts to formulate a \Itrack Quality Index\N (TQI) for use by the railroad industry, and analyzes some specifics concerning the utilization of the loaded geometry of track in formulating a TQI.


Characteristic of INS(Inertia Navigation System),ESGM(Electronically Supported Gyro Monitor),GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System) and one model space tracking and controlling task(STC task) of space tracking and controlling ship(STC ship) are analyzed and analyzed advantage of INS/ESGM/GNSS integrated navigation system.By correcting and compensating error the ship course obtains high precision,via application of analysis of the error in project fact.The method has importance means for that STC ship triumphantly accomplishes one model STC task,and assures ship course precision and integrated navigation system stability via validating of photoelectric transit instrument in a STC task.


Crapelet, to date the only publisher of the Dialogues de Pierre Salmon et Charles VI in 1833, was suprised at the apparent indulgence with which the king tolerated the "impertinence" of his counselor, who goes as far as to liken him to Nebuchadnezzar, a king who, like him, was mad. This tolerance was attributed to the king's madness. An attempt is made here to correct the presuppositions of this reading, which today still continues to influence the perception of the text and its iconography. Our approach falls within the pragmatics of a statement : the madness of the king, the reality of which cannot be contested, takes on in reality a strategic role in the rhetorical device which underlies the whole manuscript. What to Crapelet was a suspect comparison occurs in a topic of deliberative rhetoric that presupposes the Prince's humility and wisdom ; the presumed weakness of the Prince is thus inverted into royal humility taking part in moral conversion and political reform.


Wash method percarboxylic acid comprising the steps of washing the material in an automatic washing machine and rinsing the material at both low and high temperature with a compound sanitary rinsing effect. The cleaning concentrate composition not decolarante preferably includes peroxyacetic acid, acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, with higher levels of acetic and peroxyacetic and lower the level of hydrogen peroxide acids. The compound of disinfectant cleaning can be preferably used at a concentration of peroxyacetic acid of at least 30 ppm.


Abstract The population genetic structure and genetic diversity of Neolissochilus hexagonolepis were studied using three mitochondrial genes (CoxI, Cytb, ATPase 6/8). A total of 120 individuals representing nine populations from different drainages of Northeast India were used for the study. Thirty-three distinct haplotypes were identified from concatenated gene analysis. The total haplotype and nucleotide diversities are 0.8880 and 0.0280, respectively. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) reveals that the main variation (89.33%) was among populations. Most of the populations showed high polymorphisms, parsimony and haplotype diversity which indicate genetically healthy stocks in the wild. The genetic differentiation patterns were consistent with geographical distributions. Pairwise FST comparison of populations showed significant genetic differentiation (0.9088, p < .05). The pattern of haplotype network and phylogenetic tree revealed six major groups. Results suggested that chocolate mahseer populations in Northeast India having high haplotype diversity and genetic differentiation can be utilized in breeding programs to maintain genetic diversity in the descendant populations. The present study would be beneficial for sustainable management, stock-specific strategies for breeding and conservation of the wild population of N. hexagonolepis in future.


This article has presented a method for quantifying the information on the local number of components present in a nonstationary signal using the R´enyi entropy of the signal TFD. The global R´enyi entropy can be used reliably only when the signal components have same time duration, equal amplitude and the reference signal is known in advance. However, the entropy estimation over a short time interval for components with different time and/or frequency supports can locally be compared to the local entropy of an arbitrarily generated analytic signal. Furthermore, the counting property of the short-term R´enyi entropy when extended to nonstationary signals offers important new insights on the signal structure, quantifying the local number of components present in the signal. To efficiently deal with the problem of estimating the number of components presenting different amplitudes, an iter- ative algorithm has been proposed. Simulations performed on synthetic signals in moderate noise and real data show that the obtained results can be used as reliable inputs in subsequent blind source separation procedures, as well as key information in dynamic memory allocation in multicomponent IF estimation applications.


Ocean Mapping Group, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, CanadaABSTRACTProcessing of six serial multibeam surveys of a headland-associated sand bank off thecoast of New Brunswick resulted in an estimation of the spring-neap averaged rate ofsediment transported in its migrating sand dunes. Bedload was estimated in twoseparateways,onetechniqueusingmeasurementsofmigrationrateandbedformheight(bedform celerity method) and another that was based on direct volumetric measure-ments of sediment transport at the crest by measuring displaced lee-slope and stoss-slope volumes between time-lapsed surveys and dividing by the time interval (volu-metric method). The two methods returned comparable estimates of net sedimenttransport rate, but the volumetric method allowed separate inspection of stoss andlee-slopetransportratesandwassimplerinitsapplication.Comparisonoftheobservedbedload with five predictors based on hydrodynamics revealed that most of theformulations did a poor job of predicting the bedload transport in this area probablybecause of the enhancing effect of the presence of the bedforms in increasing the totalshear stress andtherefore suspension transport while theexcess skinfriction remainedlow, implying low rates of bedload transport.The morphology of the sand dunes changes noticeably across the sand bank. Thesequence is as follows: low, two-dimensional dunes, increasing in wavelength, height,sinuosity and asymmetry to form three-dimensional dunes on the thickest and shal-lowest part of the bank are replaced by dunes with lee-side scours becoming moreprevalent and the formation of lunate megaripples along the landward edge and off thetip of the sand bank. These visual changes, together with measurements of lee-slopevolume deficits, suggest that the bedforms change in response to decreasing cohesion,increasingpeakbottomstressandeventuallydecreasingvolumeofavailablebedloadasthe effect of dune crest localized suspension increases.Keywords: Repeat swath surveying, bedforms, sediment transport, tidal eddies, sandbanks, techniques.


Sterols represent one of the most ubiquitous and diverse classes of biological molecules derived from the common precursor mevalonic acid. While there are thematically similar modes by which various organisms synthesize sterols, there also are some unique twists in the pathways by which such organisms produce sterols as well as differences in the chemical nature of the dominant resident sterol present at steady-state in a given organism or cell type. In this issue of Journal of Lipid Research, David Nes and colleagues (Zhou et al. (1)) present a compelling and novel story, wherein they have elucidated a previously unknown alternative biosynthetic pathway utilized by nematodes (roundworms, of which Caenorhabditis elegans is an exemplar) to generate C4methyl sterols. This provides an evolutionary "missing link" along the continuum from prokaryotes to eukaryotes or eventually a singular divergent evolution of roundworms with regard to diversification of sterols and the metabolic routes accessible to them to achieve such diversity.


This article examines the changing relationship between higher education and the state in the United Kingdom during a period of rapid higher education expansion and diversification. The roles, respectively, of the academic community, the labour market, and government in the steering of this relationship are considered. The paper concludes that, although external initiatives may have an important role to play in stimulating change in higher education, it is the academic community itself which determines the pace and direction of change.


In order to research spatiotemporal database and corresponding datasets based on the port scheduling management, this paper has founded a mathematical model of ships while they come into or go out of the port during scheduling. Meanwhile basing on the datasets supported by the spatiotemporal database theory, three data structure has been defined to store a single object instance, dispose a single object instance and exhibit the current instances of multi-objects changed with time. A kind of algorithm for the generation of spatiotemporal datasets of the port scheduling was implemented. The simulated experiment showed the feasibility and the validity of the algorithm and gave us a satisfied result.


The software application brings innovative ideas to develop the app and helps the small scale construction industries to works in the flow by progress. In the mode of android, iOS, and PC's are a significant and its app develop to monitor labour task management, punch lists, transmitting funds features or data, over an electronic network. Application specifications provides users with valuable features such as, receive instructions from site, send requests for interpretations and retrieve information about projects. These transaction users occur employers to employees, employee to employer. The ultimate aim of this app is to acts as a Bridge of interlinks with the employees and employers to monitor, update, track and optimize. It can play a significant role in making successful app development are discussed with an explanation.


. Construction industry is one of the sectors that contributed to a high number of accidents. Three elements (i.e., cost, time, and quality) that measure the successful of construction project have been the main key driver, but safety and health is deemed as taboo. Hence caused several setbacks especially on the daily workers facing hazards that could happen due to negligence towards safety aspect. So, identifying the root causes of accidents is vital to prevent it from happening. Therefore, this research was conducted to improve construction safety management system at project level by using System Dynamic Model (SDM) to achieve three objectives which are: (1) to identify the common factors that cause safety accidents on the construction sites, (2) to determine the theme for the factors identified, and (3) to investigate the interactions between the themes using SDM. For this research, semi structures interview and questionnaire survey to 54 respondents from 15 construction sites around Daerah Petaling were conducted. This research revealed 18 factors of accidents and classified them into four (4) themes which used to create a System Dynamic Model that identify four key factors for each theme. On top of that, the findings proved that there are relationship and interactions between the factors. It is expected that the findings from this research may contribute to identify the most effective corrective actions that can be exploited to decrease the number of construction accidents in Malaysia.


According to the invention, the cooking utensil comprises a metal substrate (1) whose contact surface (2) is formed with a surface layer (3) made of titanium nitride, zirconium nitride or anodized aluminum . Thus, a food contact surface having a good thermal shock resistance, poor adhesion of scale, and high resistance to mechanical attack.


Gansu is a province with large tourist resources such as well-known caves,temples,temples,profound Buddhist culture,rich folklore,the majority of which have the convenience of developing to night tourist product.With the open of routes between Dunhuang and neighbor provinces in recent years,the number of the overnight visitors in Gansu Province is reducing.Therefore,through scientific conception and empirical demonstration,this paper discusses how to attract more tourists spending nights by the development of tourism products.The paper expounds the development model of night tourism product in Gansu,aiming at resolving the reduction in the number of overnight guests,shorter travel time,reducing income of tourism.


A questionnaire was distributed on the Australian republic issue to examine the interplay between norms and relevance of the issue to the group on voting intentions. Supporters of an Australian republic (N = 188) indicated the level of support for a republic within their peer group, the relevance of the republic issue to the group, and measures designed to assess voting intentions and other attitude outcomes. Analysis revealed an interaction between normative support and relevance of the issue to the group. On the measure of intention, increasing normative support was associated with increased intention to vote in an attitude-consistent way at both relevance levels, but the effect was heightened when the issue was highly relevant to the group. On the outcomes of willingness to express opinion and perceived personal importance of the republic issue, normative support had a positive effect only when the issue was highly relevant to the group. Mediation analyses revealed that the impact of normative support and group relevance on intention were mediated through perceived personal importance of the republic issue.


Abstract  We describe a patient successfully treated with simultaneous ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair and LV restoration procedure patch after developing both a VSD and LV dyskinesia following acute myocardial infarction. This procedure is technically challenging and represents a novel technique for the management of this clinical problem.


Making quarterly filings under the Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) is the legal obligation of every company or organization that employs an in-house lobbyist. Occasionally, a company gets it wrong and violates the LDA, demonstrating for everyone else of the importance of ensuring that their LDA filings are up to date.


In database system,data integrity problem can affect the normal use of database.Therefore integrity restraint mechanism must be established.Data integrity restraint and its implementation are discussed in this article.And application of data integrity restraint technology is introduced based on SQL Server and PowerBuilder as the platform.


The author discuss the appropriateness of PE teachers' physical training based on a news title of 'Is it physical punishment or physical training?' which was published in the United Daily News in September 2011. This study used textual analysis to analyze controversy between physical training and physical punishment, and examined the teacher's teaching method, working time and equipment using in physical training processes whether it is appropriate or not. This study not only defines the physical training and physical punishment, but also distinguishes them deeply, and further provides that the recommendation of the enlightenment and discipline-related counseling for teachers' consultation and reflection. Finally, no matter this news is physical training or physical punishment, we should remind teachers' that they have to choose appropriate training methods, goals, environment, equipment, facilities and time for physical training. We should also think teachers' professional ethical problem and evaluate the appropriateness of teaching carefully. Then, we can avoid that others dispute in physical training which is similar to physical punishment just like this kind of case.


See also Cuker A, Ptashkin B, Konkle BA, Pipe SW, Whinna HC, Zheng XL, Cines DB, Pollak ES. Interlaboratory agreement in the monitoring of unfractionated heparin using the anti-factor Xa-correlated activated partial thromboplastin time. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7: 80–6; Cuker A, Cines DB, Pollak ES. Interlaboratory agreement in the monitoring of unfractionated heparin using the anti-factor Xa-correlated activated partial thromboplastin time: reply to a rebuttal. This issue, pp 2158–9.


The SLC Control system at SLAC has evolved into a powerful tool for operation of the accelerator and for troubleshooting the unique problems encountered in extracting maximum performance from the SLC. The evolution has included the development of many custom applications and user interface features generated from accelerator operator and accelerator physicist requests. These applications are written and maintained primarily by the Controls Software Engineering group, and not by the users themselves. The process of developing and supporting user requested control systems applications at SLAC is described, including the effects of organizational structure, formal and informal procedures, and control system architecture.


8 ASUBTITLE: WHY DO JAPANESE AUTOMAKERS HAVE A SPARKLING REPUTATION FOR INNOVATION?: THEY PUT PROPORTIONATELY MORE RESOURCES INTO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT THAN THE EUROPEANS OR AMERICANS.


I suggest to include, among the available freezing techniques, the paper by Marion and Fraccarollo (WRR, 1997), as they describe a methodology of extraction of bed samples followed by freezing, brittle rupture, photographs of the inner undisturbed surfaces, recomposition in the original position, unfreezing and restart of the run, obtaining an almost no invasive technique for the analysis of evolving mobile armouring.


The grafting success rate of existing grafting robots will be significantly affected by individual differences in seedling's shape. To circumvent this problem, a vision guided robot consisting of a Denso manipulator, a scion cutting unit, a rootstock holding unit, a Cognex machine vision system, a control system, and an end effector was developed. The robot autonomously performed its grafting task using a machine vision to locate the punching target point and the tip of scion hypocotyl, and then control system regulated the manipulator to punch a hole on the rootstock stem and accurately insert the watermelon scion into the hole. The function experiment showed that the punching angle of pin used by robot was 60° and the maximum inserting speed should not exceed 25 mm/s. Grafting experiment results showed that For the seedlings with individual differences in seedling's shape, the success rate of present grafting robot(95.6%) is higher than that (83%) of a early grafting robot (2JC-600B). It is obvious that vision guidance reduce the negative effect of individual differences in seedling's shape on grafting success rate.


Abstract : Cyber attacks are launched as a series of computer actions designed to compromise the security (e.g., availability, integrity, and confidentiality) of a computer and network system. In this report, we first illustrate a process control approach to system modeling for information assurance. A model-based design of attack detection techniques is then presented to demonstrate how a process model of a networked computer system can be applied to cyber attack detection. Then using audit data capturing activities on computer and network systems, we develop and present learning and inference algorithms of probabilistic networks with undirected links. This technique is used to represent the symmetric relations of audit event types during normal activities, to build a long-term profile of normal activities, and to perform anomaly detection. The resultant probabilistic network is then trained with audit data from both normal activities and computer attack activities. The test results demonstrate very promising performance in detecting cyber attacks.


Entrepreneurship is a contemporary form of involvement of individuals in community life. It contributes to economic growth because entrepreneurs are creating new businesses. Entrepreneurship implies that entrepreneurs are directly responsible for their careers, personal skills are transferable from one work environment to another, success not only refers to salary and social status, but also to personal satisfaction, personal development, work-life balance, and personal autonomy. This article includes a theoretical approach to entrepreneurship, which describes the characteristics, principles, factors, types of entrepreneurship, culture and education in entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurship is a recognized phenomenon at global, national and local level. It is a topical theme that has prompted the interest of researchers in various fields to be associated with economic growth and economic development, creating new jobs, improving living conditions, technological progress being assimilated to prosperity


The invention provides a Japanese input method and a Japanese input device based on a mobile terminal. The method comprises the following steps: providing a first input interface for a user, wherein the first input interface is provided with a plurality of trigger keys corresponding to basic Japanese kana; receiving click information of the user to the trigger keys in the plurality of trigger keys; generating a second input interface according to the basic Japanese kana corresponding to the trigger keys, wherein the second input interface comprises a plurality of branches, part of the branches are provided with middle nodes and tail end nodes, and the middle nodes and the end nodes correspond to related kana respectively; receiving a touch operation of the user to the second input interface so as to obtain the middle nodes or the tail end nodes selected by touching; and determining kana required to be input by the user according to the selected middle nodes or the tail end nodes. According to the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the Japanese input speed is effectively increased and especially the input speed of voiced consonants, semi-voiced consonants and lower-case kana is remarkably increased.


26 27 Discovering new antibiotics is a major scientific challenge, made increasingly urgent by the continued 28 development of resistance in bacterial pathogens. A fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of 29 bacterial antibiotic resistance will be vital for the future discovery or design of new, more effective 30 antibiotics. We have exploited our intimate knowledge of the molecular mechanism of glycopeptide 31 antibiotic resistance in the harmless bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor to develop a new two-step cell 32 wall bioactivity screen that efficiently identified a new actinomycete strain containing a previously 33 uncharacterized glycopeptide synthetic gene cluster. The screen first identifies natural product extracts 34 capable of triggering a generalized cell wall stress response mechanism, then subsequently specifically 35 selects for glycopeptide antibacterials by assaying for induction of glycopeptide resistance genes. In 36 this study, we have established a diverse natural product extract library from actinomycetes strains 37 isolated from locations with widely varying climates and ecologies and screened them using the novel 38 two-step bioassay system. The bioassay ultimately identified a single strain harboring the previously 39 unidentified biosynthetic gene cluster for the glycopeptide ristocetin providing a proof-of-principle for 40 the effectiveness of the screen. This is the first report of the ristocetin biosynthetic gene cluster which is 41 predicted to include some interesting and previously uncharacterized enzymes. By focusing on 42 screening libraries of microbial extracts this strategy provides the certainty that identified producer 43 strains are competent for growth and the biosynthesis of the detected glycopeptide under laboratory 44 conditions. 45 46 47


A series of chelated tetracarbonyl aminovinyl carbene complexes 5 are prepared by high-yielding decarbonylation reaction. γ-Alkyl-substituted complexes 5a−d are stable in solid form while γ-aryl-substituted analogues 5e−g are stable only in solution. NMR studies determined that complexes 5 undergo a dynamic process in solution, in which the unsaturated η1 species are present in low concentration. Reaction of complexes 5 with electron-deficient alkynes under controlled conditions afforded the 1,4,5-η3-dienylcarbene complexes 9 arising from the insertion of the alkyne in the metal−carbon bond. The stability and behavior of these complexes were studied and found to be related to their electronic structure and pattern of substitution. Thermal decomposition of carbenes 9 produced either cyclopentadienes 13 or phenol derivatives 15, the major products in the Dotz reaction, thus demonstrating that they can be the actual intermediates in this reaction. The overall process can be considered a Dotz reaction carried...


The linear plasmids frequently found in plants and filamentous fungi are associated with mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, all the linear plasmids known in yeasts are cytoplasmic elements. From a strain of the yeast Pichia kluyveri, we have isolated a new linear plasmid, pPK2, which was found to be associated with mitochondria. This 7·1 kilobase pairs‐long DNA contained only two genes, which code for DNA and RNA polymerases, as judged from their nucleotide sequences translated by a mitochondrial genetic code. When we examined several recently isolated yeast plasmids for their subcellular localization, we found that two linear plasmids, pPH1 from Pichia heedii, as well as pPK1 from another strain of P. kluyveri, were also localized in mitochondria. These plasmids are the first examples of mitochondria‐associated linear plasmids in yeast. All other linear plasmids we examined were of cytoplasmic origin. Whilst the cytoplasmic type linear plasmids were efficiently eliminated by ultraviolet irradiation of host cells, the mitochondria‐associated plasmids were highly resistant. The mitochondrial pPK2 plasmid was rapidly lost by treatment of the host cells with ethidum bromide. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper introduces liquid crystal (LC) alignment and its electro-optical properties in the LC cells with silver nanowire (AgNW) networks. The AgNW network was used as an electrode of LC cell as a substitute for an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) film. LC alignment characteristics in the LC cell using AgNW networks, which have two different sheet resistances of 60 Ω/㎡ and 80 Ω/㎡, were observed. The LC alignment characteristics including pretilt angle, LC alignment state, and thermal stability are similar irrespective of sheet resistance of AgNW network. However, twisted-nematic (TN)-LC cell normally operated when using AgNW network with sheet resistance of 80 Ω/㎡. Electrooptical properties of TN-LC cell exhibited competitive performance compared to those of TN-LC cell based on conventional ITO electrode, which allow new approaches to replace conventional ITO electrode in display technology.


For the discrete linear systems resulted from the discretization of the one‐dimensional anisotropic spatial fractional diffusion equations of variable coefficients with the shifted finite‐difference formulas of the Grünwald–Letnikov type, we propose a class of respectively scaled Hermitian and skew‐Hermitian splitting iteration method and establish its asymptotic convergence theory. The corresponding induced matrix splitting preconditioner, through further replacements of the involved Toeplitz matrices with certain circulant matrices, leads to an economic variant that can be executed by fast Fourier transforms. Both theoretical analysis and numerical implementations show that this fast respectively scaled Hermitian and skew‐Hermitian splitting preconditioner can significantly improve the computational efficiency of the Krylov subspace iteration methods employed as effective linear solvers for the target discrete linear systems.


Manufacturing method of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps including a pixel and a sealing member on a supporting substrate release step of forming a layer comprises: forming a thin film substrate on the release layer, the thin-film substrate on a support from a thin film substrate comprising the step of separating the substrate and the release layer is formed by mixing the siloxane and polyimide silane.


A new non linear constitutive model for normal consolidation soil under static loading condition is presented. It can not only take account of the influence of both numerical and directional changes of stress vector on deformation of soil simultaneously, but also describe well the main deformation behaviors of soil, such as stress strain nonlinearity, hardening property, dilatancy, stress path dependency and the non coaxiality between the principal stress and the principal strain increment directions.


The present invention pertains to: a liquid agent which contains biotin and vitamin B 2 , wherein biotin is stabilized, and more specifically, a liquid agent which is characterized by containing biotin, vitamin B 2 , and vitamin C, wherein the concentration of biotin is 3 µg/mL or higher; and a method for stabilizing biotin in the liquid agent which contains biotin and vitamin B 2 .


Initial-boundary value problems are considered for the reaction-diffusion equation $u_1 = \varepsilon \Delta u - \varepsilon ^{ - 1} f( u )$ with x in a domain $\Omega $ in $R''$ and u in $R'''$. First the asymptotic behavior of u is determined for $\varepsilon $ small when $f( u ) = 0$ on a connected manifold M of stable equilibrium points. It is found that a tends rapidly to M, being driven by reaction. Then u evolves slowly by diffusion restricted toM. It tends ultimately to a limit that is a harmonic map of $\Omega $ into M Next, the case where $f( u )$ has stable equilibrium points on two manifolds $M_1 $ and $M_2 $ is treated. In this case a front develops in $\Omega $, It separates the regions where u is close to $M_1 $, from the regions whereu is close to $M_2 $. For $f( u ) = V_n ( u )$ a boundary layer solution is constructed for u near the front, and the velocity of the front is found to be proportional to the jump in V across it, to leading order in $\varepsilon $. When $V( u )$ has the same v...


This article analyses strategies used by geographers of Central and Eastern Europe, foremost Poland, to improve their international position, in the interwar. The boycott of Germany and its former allies almost until mid-1930s was a challenge to this group and it gradually hindered its development. The most original attempt at overcoming the threat of marginalization were congresses of Slavic geographers organized from 1924. The greatest success, however, came with the 1934 Warsaw congress of the Geographical Union, which was also the occasion for German geographers to fully return to international scholarly exchange.


The article highlights the implementation of the concept of "digital economy" in the socio-economic relations of Russian society. Following the goal of creating a new technological basis for economic development and improving the quality of life of the population, the program under consideration has developed directions for the application of Russian information and communication technologies in the life and work of people at the governmental level. Digitalization of the economy is aimed at increasing labor productivity, production efficiency, stimulating economic growth, attracting investment in the production of innovative technologies, increasing the competitiveness of the Russian Federation in world markets, and ensuring its sustainable development. The work assesses the development trends of certain aspects of socio-economic activities that characterize the level of development of Internet technologies in the country. For this purpose, a number of indicators characterizing the information potential in the regional aspect have been selected: availability of access to the Internet, including its use by the population for obtaining state services, activity of using telecommunications networks by enterprises, the share of retail trade turnover through the Internet, the structure of costs ITtechnologies. Negative factors and positive trends in the use of information and communication technologies, the effectiveness of their implementation in various federal districts of the Russian Federation are revealed. Keywords— digital economy, information and communication technologies, Internet resources


Jinyang Ⅲ strain of late-feathering Leghorn chicken has been successively selectedwith comprehensive index for 7 generations by family breeding method of mass-first and closing-late.As compared with the control,the selection result is average 7 days earlier at first laying forevery generation,more than 13 of egg number at age of 300 days and higher than 0.63% for sur-vival rate in laying period.Main laying performances are as follows:age at first laying 156±10.4days;egg number at age of 300 days 99±26.O;egg number and egg weight at 72 weeks of age 226±38.8 and 58.2±4.6g respectively.Through cross breeding selection,a series of white-shell au-tosexing chicken has been developed.More than 5.1 million commercial sex-identified chickenhave been released as well.


Exact calculations of the titled flow are presented and compared to the predictions of an asymptotic analysis for large rates of injection. The inner layer of the boundary layer is found to involve outflow in both orthogonal directions whether the external flow along the y axis is inward or outward. As a result, the flow at a nearly twodimensional stagnation point involves drastic changes as a weak outflow changes to a weak inflow. It is also found that the velocity profiles in the two directions in the inner layer are quite different.


In this paper, the temperature distribution in workpiece and microstructure of welded zone in friction stir welding of aluminum 1100 alloys and the effect of the tool rotational speed on these parameters have investigated experimentally. Also feed forward back propagation neural network has been used to predict the temperature of the workpiece during the welding process by considering the process time and tool rotational speed as input parameters of the neural network. For this purpose, the Taguchi design of experiments has been used and the network with minimum mean squared error was selected. This way of neural network selection is very formal and effective than the existing methods. The selected network mean squared error with this approach, is 0.000388, its most differences with experimental inputs is 0/770997 oC and its regression R values is 0.99113. Also according to experimental results, increasing tool rotational speed leads to higher plastic deformation in materials and also causes increasing the friction between tool and workpiece which leads to higher workpiece temperature.


Care for the elderly has been regarded as one of policy objectives in Hong Kong.Residential care service became an important part of the elderly service as well as community care and support service,and it is featured normalization and professionalization.Different from other studies,the residential care is discussed as a separate subsystem in this paper.The development,operating and management of residential care for the elderly in Hong Kong was deeply analyzed,based on which some suggestion on the development on inland institutional elderly service was put forward.


The pelagic mollusk Cardiapoda placenta(Lesson,1830) is an uncommon species in China seas,which is unlisted in "Marine Species and Their Distribution in China(revised edition)" and "Checklist of Marine Biota of China Seas".The morphology of C.placenta was described and illustrated based on a single juvenile male specimen collected in the southern Taiwan Strait on 14 July 2005.In addition,the differences between the specimen collected and C.richardi Vayssiere,1903 were discussed.


Building design review is the procedure of checking a design against codes and standard provisions to satisfy the accuracy of the design and identify non-compliances before construction begins. The current approaches for conducting the design review process in an automatic or semi-automatic manner are either based on proprietary, domain-specific or hard-coded rule-based mechanisms. These methods may be effective in their specific applications, but they have the downsides of being costly to maintain, inflexible to modify, and lack a generalized framework of rules and regulations modeling that can adapt to various engineering design realms, and thus don't support a neutral data standard. They are often referred to as 'Black Box' or 'Gray Box' approaches. This research offers a new comprehensive framework that reduces the limitations of the cited methods. Building regulations, for instance, are legal documents transcribed and approved by professionals to be interpreted and applied by people. They are hardly as precise as formal logic. Engineers, architects, and contractors can read those technical documents and transform them into scientific notations and software applications. They can extract any data they need, reason about it, and apply it at various phases of the project. How these extraction and use are carried out is a critical component of automating the design review process. The chief goal is to address this issue by developing a Generalized Adaptive Framework (GAF) for a neutral data standard (Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)) that enables automating the code compliance checking processes to achieve design efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The objectives of this study comprise i) to develop a theoretical background to an adaptive framework that supports a neutral data standard for transforming the written code regulations and rules into a computable model, and ii) to define the various modules required for computerizing of the code compliance verification process.


AIDA is a suite of APL based functions, and an approach, to assist in the development of modules to perform artificial intelligence (AI) tasks within a computer based information system (CBIS) or decision support system (DSS). The AIDA functions provide four basic capabilities:
string processing or character manipulation
Boolean knowledge representation
predicate logic like knowledge representation
a Boolean array based inference mechanism which helps identify parallel computation paths, has reversibility, and appears to improve performance by reducing rule visits
This paper will describe some of the functions in AIDA, and briefly describe some of the systems developed with the help of AIDA. This should help demonstrate that APL is an excellent language for development of expert systems.


This article discusses the ideological use of Castor and Pollux in the succession policy during the Imperial period with special reference to an evaluation of the Augustan rededication of the temple of Castor and Pollux in the Forum Romanum. There is no evidence of a corresponding function during the preceding centuries but the Dioscuri were known as helpers on the battlefield and thus they had become a symbol of victory. As future emperors the designated heirs were to secure the existence of the Roman empire through the maintenance of the military position and success and thus the parallel to Castor and Pollux were obvious. Also the Sidus Iulium is briefly dealt with. It appears to be a direct continuation of the Hellenistic use of the star, where this symbol of the Dioscuri for the first time was combined with the portrait of a mortal ruler to emphasize his divine status.


Snapshot multispectral imaging is a rising non-invasive and contact-free analysis method and technology to discriminate or identify objects based on their spectral characteristics. We demonstrate a versatile system approach for compact and real-time capable snapshot cameras for the visible (VIS) and the near-infrared (NIR) or the short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength range based on a micro-optical multi-aperture system and various spectral filter approaches. In addition, the manufacturing, the calibration, and the limitations of the demonstration systems are described.