A prerequisite for the further integration of renewable energy sources into the German electricity sector is the expansion of transmission network capacities. In this study, an approach to relieve the German transmission grid by regulating the wind power development is evaluated for the year 2030. Compared to a reference scenario, the development of wind power plants with an annual energy yield of 4 TWh is reallocated from the wind-swept north of Germany to gridconvenient sites in central and southern Germany. Benefits of such a measure and resulting expenses are contrasted with the expected status quo in 2030 and two grid expansion scenarios. Results show 24 % 53 % higher annual cost for the regulated wind power development scenarios compared to conventional grid expansion with a similar grid relieving impact. But taking into account that grid expansion faces public acceptance problems, regulated wind power development can be considered as a reasonable alternative, up to a certain degree. This insight may trigger a debate about the acceptance for either building transmission lines or additional wind power plants.


The invention provides a method for preparing graphene, which comprises that: a supported metal catalyst containing metals, metallic colloid particles or metal salts are used, and graphene oxide and hydrogen are reacted in a solvent to prepare the graphene at the temperature of between -50 and 200 DEG C, preferably 20 to 120 DEG C. In the method, the temperature of hydrogen reduction is reduced by utilizing the catalyst, the method is easy to operate, and high-quality graphene capable of being dissolved in solution can be prepared massively. The prepared graphene has a few impurities, high yield and the characteristics of the graphene, and can be widely applied to preparing membrane electrode materials, lithium ion battery electrode materials, super capacitor electrode materials and the like.


While officials in India and Pakistan have been virtually silent on the issue of nuclear deterrence in South Asia, a small number of nonofficial strategists in both countries are moving to fill the void. They describe the current low‐level nuclear standoff as "recessed deterrence." Nuclear weapons advocates within this group have voiced their dissatisfaction with the status quo, ostensibly because nuclear ambiguity undermines stability. This has led them to promote the concept of "minimum deterrence," described essentially as a scaled‐down version of the superpower assured destruction doctrine. Generally, strategists that favor nuclear deployment have high confidence that India and Pakistan would be responsible nuclear powers. They also contend that just as nuclear deterrence stabilized U.S.‐Soviet relations, so too can it work for South Asia. Other analysts are more skeptical, both of the premise behind minimum deterrence and the observance of nuclear restraint in the subcontinent. They likewise question...


People have a more differentiated cognitive representation of in-groups than of out-groups. This has led to the prediction that memory should be better for in-group information than for out-group information. However, past research has provided equivocal support for that prediction. This article advances a differential processing hypothesis that offers a solution to this paradox. The hypothesis suggests that whereas in-group information is organized by person categories, outgroup information is organized through attribute categories. In-group membership alters the categorical basis of memory for person information, but these categories are not necessarily superior to the attribute categories that are used to organize out-group information


Glaciers and frozen debris landforms have coexisted and episodically interacted throughout the Holocene, the former having altered the development, spatial distribution and thermal regime of the latter. In the Alps, the apogee of last interaction phase occurred during the Little Ice Age (LIA). Since then, due to glacier shrinkage, interactions between glaciers and LIA pre-existing frozen debris have gradually diminished and are leaning towards being non-existent. Post-LIA glacier forefields in permafrost environments, including associated glacitectonized frozen landforms (GFL) have shifted from a thermal and mechanical glacier dominant regime towards a periglacial or even post-periglacial regime. GFL are undergoing thermal and mechanical readjustments in response to both the longer-term glacier recession and the more recent drastic climatic warming. They can be expressed by a combination of mass-wasting processes and thaw-induced subsidence.

In various regions of the Swiss Alps, slope movements occurring in a periglacial context have been inventoried in previous works using differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) (Barboux et al., 2014). In the scope of this study, and focusing solely on mass-wasting GFL, the former inventory allowed the identification of the latter under various spatial configurations within LIA glacier forefields. While most observed GFL are disconnected from the associated glacier, some are still connected. Additionally, ground ice occurs as interstitial or massive (buried) glacier ice. This potentially infers the ongoing of non-uniform morphodynamical readjustments.

To understand the site-specific behaviour of GFL, the analysis of long-term time-series of permafrost monitoring and multi-temporal high-resolution Digital Elevation Models will allow the assessment of the recent evolution of the Aget and Ritord/Challand LIA glacier forefields (46°00’32’’ N, 7°14’20’’ E and 45°57’10’’ N, 7°14’52’’ E, respectively) and their associated GFL (i.e. push-moraines). Both glacier forefields present a contrasting spatial configuration, making their morphodynamical evolution to differ partly from one another. The Aget push-moraine is a back-creeping GFL, which has been disconnected from the Aget glacier since the 1940s at latest. For the last two decades, surface displacement velocities have decelerated in comparison to the accelerating regional trend (PERMOS, 2019). Additionally, a 30% decrease of the electrical resistivity of the frozen ground, combined with locally observed thaw-induced subsidence of up to 10 cm/year suggest an advanced permafrost degradation. The Ritord/Challand system presents a push-moraine disconnected from its glacier as well as several push-moraines connected to a still existing debris-covered glacier. Between 2016 and 2019, surface lowering up to 10 m attesting massive ice melt has been locally detected in the former where buried glacier ice was visually observed. Whereas in the latter, subtle surface displacements ranging from 10 to 30 cm/year occur. This confirms the heterogeneity of the morphodynamical processes occurring in GFL, expressed as a function of both their spatial configuration and ground ice properties.

Barboux, C., Delaloye R. and Lambiel, C. (2014). Inventorying slope movements in an Alpine environment using DInSAR. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 39/15, 2087-2099.

PERMOS 2019. Permafrost in Switzerland 2014/2015 to 2017/2018. Noetzli, J., Pellet, C., and Staub, B. (eds.), Glaciological Report (Permafrost) No. 16-19 of the Cryospheric Commission of the Swiss Academy of Sciences, 104.


The output of the current sensor in active magnetic bearing power amplifier system contains a lot of noise, which will cause the output of the power amplifier to be saturated. Using a traditional second-order low-pass filter to suppress noise will give rise to the phase lag. This paper presents an adaptive wavelet method to suppress the high-frequency noise in current sensor signals. Discrete wavelet transform is applied to estimate the noise of the current sensor, and input the estimated noise into the adaptive filter to suppress correlated components from the reference signal. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the noise suppress result of the adaptive wavelet method is better than that of the second order low-pass filter.


ABSTRACT In this paper, the zeolite was synthesized from a combination of oil shale ash and coal fly ash and was used to remove heavy metals from aqueous solution. The structural characterization of product was conducted by XRD and SEM, which proved that the ashes can be converted into zeolite. The adsorption performance of synthetic zeolite for heavy metals was evaluated by the batch experiment. The results showed that the adsorption kinetic data conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, and the Langmuir isotherm model described well the isotherm data. Based on the equilibrium studies, the selectivity sequence was in following order: Pb2+ > Cr3+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+. The results of XPS indicated that the mechanism of synthetic zeolite removal of heavy metals was ion exchange.


We studied flow rate, electrolytes effects, titanium dioxide separation and reuse and sunlight application on photocatalysis in a tubular photoreactor integrated with the titanium dioxide separation/reuse. The circulative flow treatment was preferred over the single pass treatment. Phenol and TOC removals in tap and deionized waters were a maximum at the circulative flow rate of 600 ml min-1 and the transmittance of 0.26%. At low flow rate, titanium dioxide particles were sedimented in tap water, but those were perfectly suspended in deionized water. The titanium dioxide slurry was sedimented spontaneously by standing and was repeatedly reused without decreasing the degradation efficiency.


One of the fundamental problems of modern physics is the problem of di-vergence: e.g., when we try to compute the overall energy of the electric field generated by a charged elementary particle, we get a physically meaningless infinite value. In this paper, we show that one way to avoid these infinities is to take into account that measurements are always imprecise – and thus, we never get the exact values of the physical quantities, only intervals of possible values. We also show that 3-dimensional space is the simplest one in which such interval uncertainty is inevitable. This may explain why the physical space is (at least) 3-dimensional.


2 Abstract: The key aim of endodontic treatment is to clean and debride the root canals and that is achieved biochemical and mechanical measures. Certain factors such as individual variations and complex anatomy and morphology of root canals have made debridement (both by mechanical and chemical means) a challenging task. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of recently introduced MTAD in vitro and comparing to commonly used irrigators such as NaOCl, chlorhexidine and EDTA under similar conditions and various pH levels. The results of this in vitro study were statistically analysed using Kruskal Wallis one-way ANOVA and Mann Whitney U test. It has been concluded that MTAD has the capability to eradicate E. faecalis.


Ko, Y., Sun, S. K., and Lan, C. C. 2003. Stem canker of cat-tail willow caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea in Taiwan. Plant Pathol. Bull. 12:269-272. Cat-tail willow (Salix gracilistyla) has become popular as cut flower for house decoration during Chinese new year in Taiwan in recent years. As a consequence, the acreage of cultivation has expanded to more than 200 hectares, primarily in Ilan County. In a field survey, stem canker was found to be a very common disease on cat-tail willow. Infected twigs were dark brown at first and typical symptoms appeared as small, oval reddish brown lesions each with a deep long fissure in the center. Canker developed and the stem died in the later stage of the disease development. Lesions varied in size ranging from 28-30 6 mm to 60-65 6 mm. Numerous small black fruiting bodies were present in the canker. They were pycnidia and perithecia of the causal agent, Botryosphaeria dothidea. Pycnidia were globose to conical and ostiolate. Conidia were fusiform, elliptical and hyaline, 14.5-26.3 6.5-8.5 m. Each ascus contained eight ellipsoid, hyaline ascospores, 19.2-33.3 8.2-14.8 m. On PDA plate, pycnidia fully matured 7 days after spore germination. Conidia formed in the pycnidia were infectious upon artificial inoculation. Botryosphaeria dothidea is first reported as the causal agent of stem canker of cat-tail willow.


The color duplex examination of the renal arteries continues to create diagnostic uncertainty in the clinical environment, affecting its reputation as a screening test for renovascular hypertension. There are two key reasons for this. The first is continued uncertainty about the diagnostic criteria. This is largely a debate about extrarenal versus intrarenal evaluation. Extrarenal criteria is required if the examination is to be considered optimal; however, the role of the valuable data obtained in the intrarenal assessment requires ongoing consideration. Both methods are described, and an integrated pragmatic approach to implementation is discussed. The second uncertainty arises because of the technical difficulties in visualizing the renal arteries throughout their length. Visualization is important in ensuring the accuracy of the examination. This paper looks at 10 sonographic windows through which the renal arteries can potentially be investigated. This review paper asserts that well-performed renal artery ultrasound is a valuable screening examination for a selected group of hypertensive patients.


The Atmospheric Infrared Spectrometer (AIRS) Science Processing System is a collection of computer programs, denoted product generation executives (PGEs), for processing the readings of the AIRS suite of infrared and microwave instruments orbiting the Earth aboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft. Following from level 0 (representing raw AIRS data), the PGEs and their data products are denoted by alphanumeric labels (1A, 1B, and 2) that signify the successive stages of processing. Once level-0 data have been received, the level-1A PGEs begin processing, performing such basic housekeeping tasks as ensuring that all the Level-0 data are present and ordering the data according to observation times. The level-1A PGEs then perform geolocation-refinement calculations and conversions of raw data numbers to engineering units. Finally, the level-1A data are grouped into packages, denoted granules, each of which contain the data from a six-minute observation period. The granules are forwarded, along with calibration data, to the Level-1B PGEs for processing into calibrated, geolocated radiance products. The Level-2 PGEs, which are not yet operational, are intended to process the level-1B data into temperature and humidity profiles, and other geophysical properties.


Predicting the educational success of students is one of the actual tasks of the intellectual analysis of educational data. In this article, two research issues are considered: improving the quality of the university students' academic performance prediction model and implementation the developed model into the real university educational process. The models predicting academic performance are based on XGBoost algorithm and the linear regression algorithm. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that data on the use of electronic and university libraries make it possible to improve the quality of predicting the students' academic performance, and also confirm the fact that monitoring the students' academic performance in dynamics is more informative in making managerial decisions in the educational process than the absolute values of the academic performance results. The models for predicting the students' academic performance studied in this work can be used in educational institutions of higher education for the timely identification of at-risk students, providing feedback to students and teachers regarding the educational success of students and managing the educational process.


The risk of developing an EBV-LPD is highest in recipients of an unrelated or HLA-mismatched related TCD HCT, with a reported incidence of 10–23%. Although treatment with anti-B cell monoclonal antibodies and/or adoptive immunotherapy can be curative, these therapies are not always effective and can cause fatal tumor lysis syndrome. We have previously shown that the risk of developing an EBV-LPD after a TCD HCT is greatest within the first 2 to 6 months post HCT, and in patients whose circulating CD4 cell counts are less than 200/ul. We therefore developed a phase I pilot trial to investigate the feasibility of 6 monthly doses of rituximab for the prevention of EBV-LPD. Eligibility included hepatitis B surface antigen negative recipients of a TCD HCT from an unrelated or HLA mismatched related donor, EBV seropositive donor and/or host, ANC of >1500 cells/ul, documentation of remission, negative EBV viremia at baseline, and lack of ongoing infection at the time of enrollment. Patients received a maximum of 6 consecutive monthly doses of rituximab (375 mg/m2/dose) starting approximately 1 month post HCT. Less than six monthly doses were given if the patient developed a circulating CD4 cell count > 200/ul sooner than 7 months post transplant. To date, 22 patients (4–68 years of age, median 19.5 years) have been enrolled on this IRB approved trial, 20 of whom have completed therapy. Rituximab was well tolerated. The main side effect potentially related to rituximab was reversible neutropenia (n=5), which resulted in cessation of treatment as per protocol after the 2nd (n=1), 3rd (n=1), or 4th (n=1) dose. To date, none of the 22 patients on trial have developed an EBV-LPD compared to 10.1% of patients who received an unrelated or HLA MM-related TCD HCT during the same time interval but did not receive prophylactic rituximab. Although 2 patients had prolonged shedding of parainfluenza virus (n=1) or RSV (n=1) from the upper respiratory tract, there was no significant increase in viral or bacterial infections in patients who received rituximab prophylaxis. No patient on trial developed a fatal infection. Eighteen of 22 patients enrolled on trial are alive at a median of 14.5 months post HCT. One patient died of GVHD and 3 high risk patients succumbed to relapse. In evaluable patients, recovery of normal numbers of circulating B cells occurred between 5 and 12 months after the last dose of rituximab. This trial suggests that monthly rituximab can be safely given during the first 6 months after a TCD HCT, resulting in a decreased incidence of EBV-LPD. Larger trials investigating the optimum number and timing of Rituximab doses required to prevent this complication are needed as are studies evaluating recovery of specific B cell function in recipients of rituximab after allogeneic HCT.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze the efficiency of the 26 Swiss cantons over the period 2000 to 2004 applying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). A Total Public Sector Performance (TPSP) indicator for eight local government activities (administration, public safety, education, culture and sport, health, transportation, environment and spatial planning, and public economy) is calculated to measure technical efficiency. Efficiency scores are then related to the fiscal equalization scheme designed to reduce disparities between cantons with the expectation to find a negative relationship. Results show the existing scheme to indeed have a negative influence on the performance of financially advantaged cantons. Surprisingly, however, earmarked transfers from the confederation to the cantons are not found to have a stronger negative influence on cantonal performance, contradicting the rationale for their suppression in a recent reform. Most public services fail to exhibit economies of scale, undermining quests for centralization of public good provision and suggesting the possibility of Tiebout competition.


Spirituality is interdependent with the biological, psychological, and interpersonal aspects of life. Although spirituality has been studied in breast cancer survivors, little work has been done in men with prostate cancer. We sought to determine whether lower spirituality in men with early stage prostate cancer is associated with worse general health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), disease‐specific HRQOL, or psychosocial health. Two hundred and twenty‐two subjects were drawn from a state‐funded program providing free prostate cancer treatment to indigent men. Validated instruments captured spirituality, general and disease‐specific HRQOL, anxiety, symptom distress, and emotional well‐being. We found a consistent relationship between spirituality and the outcomes assessed. Low spirituality was associated with significantly worse physical and mental health, sexual function and more urinary bother after controlling for covariates. All of the psychosocial variables studied reflected worse adjustment in the men with low spirituality. Because the likelihood of prostate cancer survivorship is high, interventions targeting spirituality could impact the physical and psychosocial health of many men. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A method for the one-pot synthesis of substituted amides from aldehydes and amides is presented. Namely, condensation of aldehydes with N-tosylhydrazide generated the N-tosylhydrazones which were then reductively cross-coupled in situ with primary or secondary amides in the presence of a copper catalyst to afford secondary or tertiary amides, respectively. The reaction proceeded efficiently for a wide range of aldehydes and amides under the optimized conditions, i.e., 10 mol% of tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate [Cu(CH3CN)4BF4], 1 mol% of tetra-n-butylammonium iodide [(n-Bu)4NI], and sodium hydroxide [NaOH] as base in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 80 °C. As a result, the method provides a straightforward route for the synthesis of substituted amides from readily available aldehydes via a transition metal-catalyzed C(sp3)N amide bond forming reaction.


Studying the effect that a difficult-to-quantify lifestyle factor such as alcohol consumption has on a general inflammatory marker such as C-reactive protein is far from a simple task. Methodologic problems are inherent in design, implementation, and analysis of any such study. Not surprisingly, then, these concerns can be raised with the study by Stewart et al that appears in this issue of the Journal. Initial sample size (and therefore the response rate) of the population receiving the survey questionnaire is not specified, nor are criteria used for the variables required to qualify for receiving the survey. Selection of a value of 0.30 mg/dL as indicative of the upper limit of normal for the Creactive protein reading in this study appears to be retrospectively determined and therefore not necessarily reflective of an abnormal value in populations differing in any way from specifically surveyed study group respondents. Use of a C-reactive protein assay with limited range is also potentially problematic (a lower cutoff of 0.21 mg/dL was reported in this study for anyone with a C-reactive protein value of 0.21 mg/dL or below; C-reactive protein values less than this lower cutoff value have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk). Proof of a causeand-effect relation between alcohol consumption and reduced likelihood of C-reactive protein elevation as a mechanism for coronary protection cannot be established from retrospective analysis. Finally, the fundamental parameter being looked at in this study (alcohol consumption) is not optimally assessed by self-report, with implications based on drinking frequency but without attention to quantity not necessarily reflecting the relation between alcohol use and any effect it might have on an inflammatory marker such as C-reactive protein. That said, the evolving concept of using a highly sensitive assay for C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a marker of coronary artery disease risk is enticing, and the message suggested by results of this study is both provocative and in line with the increasing body of literature rapidly accumulating in the exciting field of preventive cardiology. Hardly a week passes without report of a new potential association between C-reactive protein values and some commonly encountered medical condition, physiologic state, or cardiac risk factor. Examples include cardiac arrhythmias (C-reactive protein tends to increase with atrial fibrillation, especially when the rhythm is persistent rather than paroxysmal); exercise (more frequent physical activity appears to correlate with a lesser chance of C-reactive protein elevation); estrogen use (hormone replacement is associated with an increase in C-reactive protein regardless of whether estrogen is given alone or in combination with progesterone); and obesity and smoking (both associated with increased C-reactive protein values). Accumulating data suggest that even modest hsCRP elevation is associated with increased risk of future cardiovascular events. The theory behind this association is fascinating: coronary artery disease is now thought to be the manifestation of an inflammatory process. Patients most vulnerable to acute ischemic events are more likely to have unstable atherosclerotic plaques that are at increased risk of developing fissure, rupture, and thrombogenesis, which at any time can lead to acute thrombotic occlusion of a major coronary vessel. Patients with high-risk lesions might be expected to manifest signs of increased inflammatory activity. Such inflammation appears to occur not only locally (in the affected vessel wall), but also systemically, as suggested by increased circulating levels of inflammatory markers, such as cytokines and C-reactive protein. In fact, many patients at highest risk, including those who have acute coronary syndromes, manifest evidence of surprisingly widespread rather than localized inflammation in several areas of the coronary vasculature. Submitted, revised 16 August 2002. From the Department of Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville. Reprints are not available.


Objective To investigate the residues of fumigants and other toxic gases in entry containers.Methods The relating survey of home and abroad on toxic chemicals in imported freight containers were outlined.Results The abroad survey showed that 70%containers were contaminated with toxic chemicals above chronic reference exposure levels;36%even exceeded the higher acute reference exposure level thresholds.Benzene and/or Formaldehyde contamination was 4-times greater than for fumigants.The domestic research also showed the fumigants and formaldehyde contamination.Conclusion The occupational and community health risk caused by residues of fumingants and other toxic gases in imported freight containers should not be underestimated.The functional department need to attach importance to the backgroud value survey and the effective measures should be taken to ensure the occupational and community health.


Lots of kinescope materials on pathological changes in abdomen can be obtained by the digital processing system of multi-lines television laparoscopic. Making full use of the materials in the teaching of surgery,the students can gain actual, visual and all-around image information on diseases,which makes them grasp the basic operation skill,cultivates their interest and inspires their passion of learning.


PURPOSE
The specific aims of the study were to 1) determine what effects dose-dependent rope jumping had on os calcis stiffness index (OCSI) and 2) determine whether OCSI values measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) were dependent or independent of the values of bone mineral content (BMC) determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine and proximal femur (femoral neck; greater trochanter).

METHODS
Upon study entry, girls were randomly assigned to either one of two treatment groups (high volume; low volume) or a control group. Thirty-seven high school girls were recruited to participate in the study. QUS and DXA measurements were made at baseline and at 4-month follow-up. Students in the high-volume and low-volume groups jumped rope for 10 and 5 min, respectively.

RESULTS
The follow-up mean OCSI values for the high-volume, low-volume, and control conditions were 103.95 +/- 12.55, 102.09 +/- 12.70, and 99.05 +/- 9.84, respectively. A statistically significant difference (P = 0.033) was identified between the high-volume and control groups. Baseline and follow-up OCSI values were significantly correlated with baseline and follow-up BMC measures of the femoral neck (r = 0.60, r = 0.59), greater trochanter (r = 0.47, r = 0.40), and lumbar spine (r = 0.56, r = 0.56).

CONCLUSIONS
High-volume rope jumping increases the OCSI more than the control condition in postpubescent girls. Furthermore, the OCSI measured by QUS is moderately related to proximal femur and lumbar spine BMC measured by DXA.


In an insightful new study, Donald Freeman examines the development and significance of urban agriculture in Nairobi, Kenya, overturning a number of common assumptions about the inhabitants and economy of African cities. He addresses the ways in which urban agriculture fits into a broader picture of Kenyan social and economic development and discusses the implications of his findings for development theory in general. Freeman begins by exploring the context of urban agriculture, tracing its development in the colonial and post-colonial city. He then provides a detailed description of urban farmers, their land use practices, and their crops. Freeman gathered this rich body of information through on-site surveys of 618 small-scale cultivators in ten different parts of Nairobi. He concludes by considering the implications of the burgeoning practice of urban agriculture for the cultivators themselves, for the city, and for the developing economy of Kenya. Although the empirical work is focused on Nairobi and its informal sector, the scope and implications of the study are broader and the conclusions relevant to other parts of the Third World. "Urban" productive activities in the Third World, Freeman suggests, need redefining to take account of basic food production in the city and its interrelationships with other informal and formal sectors. A City of Farmers will interest not only economic geographers and students and scholars of development studies and African history but anyone concerned with economic and social conditions in the Third World.


The evolution of annual or perennial strategies in flowering plants may depend on a broad array of temperature and precipitation variables. Previously documented correlations between life history strategy and climate appear to be clade-specific and fail to consider the coevolution of climatic niches and life history strategies. Here we combine annual and perennial life history data with geographic distribution for 9,939 flowering plant species and utilize a recently developed method that accounts for the joint evolution of continuous and discrete traits to evaluate two hypotheses: (1) annuals tend to evolve in highly seasonal regions prone to extreme heat and drought, and (2) annuals tend to have faster rates of climatic niche evolution than perennials. We find temperature, particularly the maximum temperature of the warmest month, is the most consistent climatic factor influencing life history evolution in flowering plants. Unexpectedly, we find that the rates of climatic niche evolution are faster in perennials than in annual lineages. We propose that annuals are consistently favored in areas prone to extreme heat due to their ability to escape heat stress as seeds, but they tend to be outcompeted by perennials in regions where extreme heat is uncommon or nonexistent.


We use the time-dependent Bogoliubov de Gennes equations to study dark solitons in three-dimensional spin-imbalanced superfluid Fermi gases. We explore how the shape and dynamics of dark solitons are altered by the presence of excess unpaired spins which fill their low-density core. The unpaired particles broaden the solitons and suppress the transverse snake instability. We discuss ways of observing these phenomena in cold atom experiments.


One of the main areas of memory exploited by Tadeusz Kantor is that of his youth, his family, his perceptions of the world as a boy, and, particularly, the blurred image of the absent father. Tadeusz was the second child of Helena Berger and Marian Kantor, a schoolmaster, but Marian never returned after leaving with the Second Division of the Polish Legion to fight in World War I. The fact that his father never returned is one of the major ambiguities of Kantor's work. This father, reported to be missing in action, was portrayed in a negative manner in Kantor's early autobiographical or personal works. By personal, I mean the works derived from his personal memories, as opposed to, for instance, his productions of plays by Witkacy. In Wielopole, Wielopole, the father is a soldier standing among identical others. With his wan face, wild eyes, and mechanical gestures, he is an obedient puppet uttering inarticulate groans, a mannequin with no will of his own, a marionette manipulated by events and by his family. Without a word of protest, he follows the movements of the other soldiers, bending to the gestures imposed on them by the priest. He allows his young wife to be brutalized and raped. His only real existence seems to be in the photograph where he is pictured standing in the midst of those killed in battle. This image of a hero who was killed for his country, one of many men who had bravely defended the rebirth of Poland after a century and a half of nonexistence, quite amazed Kantor's Polish audiences. Hero worship, the reverence for liberating soldiers, is so powerful in the national conscience that this lack of respect was deeply resented. If such derision was part of Kantor's deliberate will to show the inhumanity of the slaughter of World War I, it also reflected the only memory the child has of his father, described in "Imprints:"


This study examined the adsorption characteristics of aqueous Cd(II) ions onto Digitariaiburua husks under batch mode. The effects of initial Cd(II) concentration, adsorbent dosage, initial solution pH, contact time and temperature on the adsorption process were studied. Maximum adsorption occurred at initial Cd(II) concentration of 15.0 mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 2.5 g, solution pH of 6.0 and 45 minutes contact time. It was observed that an initial increase in temperature enhanced the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. The equilibriumdata were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlichand Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. The results showed that the experimental data werebest fitted by the Freundlich model. Kinetic results revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second order model. The mechanism of adsorption showed that intra-particle diffusion was not the only rate controlling step. From the thermodynamic parameters, it can be said that the adsorptionprocess was feasible, spontaneous, endothermic, randomand physical in nature. The results obtained revealed that Digitariaiburua husks, an agricultural waste can serve as alternativelow-cost adsorbent for the removal of lead metal from aqueous solution like wastewaters.


Acoustic analogy methods are used as post-processing tools to predict aerodynamically generated sound from numerical solutions of unsteady flow. The Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW–H) equation and related formulations, such as Farassat's Formulations 1 and 1A, are among the commonly used analogies because of their relative low computation cost and their robustness. These formulations assume the propagation of sound waves in a medium at rest. The present paper describes a surface integral formulation based on the convective wave equation, which takes into account the presence of a mean flow. The formulation was derived to be easy to implement as a numerical post-processing tool for computational fluid dynamics codes. The new formulation constitutes one possible extension of Farassat's Formulation 1 and 1A based on the convective form of the FW–H equation.


The current status of silicone industry in China,major methaylchlorosilane manufacturers and their capacities,as well as the key developments of several major foreign silicone manufacturers in China were reviewed.Several key points on the of silicone manufacturing capacity and overall development for the industry were suggested.


This study examines the purchasing power parity (PPP) of 21 emerging markets using different panel co-integration tests. First, Pedroni (1999, 2004), Kao (1999) and Johansen Fisher (1999) tests are applied and Pedroni (2000) panel FMOLS is used to estimate the long-run parameters. The results provide strong evidence for the weak version of PPP. Then, Westerlund (2007) panel co-integration test considering cross section dependency (CD) is employed. In contrast, at this time, results clearly indicate that PPP is not hold. Additionally, when 21 emerging markets are subdivided into emerging Asia, emerging Europe, emerging Latin America and Africa, similar results are found. Therefore, results point out the importance of considering the CD in panel co-integration tests. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that policymakers in these emerging markets should not use purchasing power parity to determine the equilibrium exchange rate.


Chromosome analysis is necessary for the risk classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Marker chromosome (MC) is a fragmented chromosome whose origin cannot be identified from other chromosomes and originates from marked genomic instability. Although AML with MC (MC+) has a poor prognosis even after intensive chemotherapy, its influence on the outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is unclear.


Presentation of award for wheelchair innovation design team at the Diamond Beach Hotel Casino. To the right of speaker behind: Marshall Perron, John Tobin to the left and Ian Prince on the right of Perron.


It is important for satellite operations to forecast any increase in high-energy electron flux at a geostationary earth orbit (GEO) because high-energy electrons cause deep electric charging of spacecraft. We report on a forecast model of the high-energy electron flux using a neural network.


Research indicates that teacher efficacy influences student achievement and is situation specific. With the Next Generation Science Standards calling for the incorporation of engineering practices into K–12 classrooms, it is important to identify teachers' engineering teaching efficacy. A study of K–5 teachers' engineering self-efficacy and engineering teaching efficacy revealed that that they have low engineering self-efficacy and low teacher efficacy related to engineering pedagogical content knowledge. Additionally, significant differences existed in self-efficacy levels based on gender, ethnicity, Title I school status, and grade level taught.


Background and Objective : One of the most important factors in education process is establishing communication between students and their professors. Effective education except scientific skills, needs using effective communication methods in educational environments. This can be done by recognizing effective factors in establishing communication. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify M.A and PhD students' point of view regarding effective factors in establishing communication between students and faculty members. Materials and Methods : In this descriptive- cross sectional study, M.A and PhD students of Allied Health Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were surveyed. Data gathering tool consisted of two parts; demographic data and 28 questions related to the assessment of effective factors in establishing communication between students and faculty members. The questionnaire was a four point scale ranging from "very effective" to "having no effect". Data was analyzed by SPSS 18.ed software, using descriptive statistical methods, frequency distribution, determining percentage and the group comparison was made by chi 2. Results : The most effective factors according to students' viewpoint were, respect for students (86.3%), being up to date (78.4%), rhetoric and teaching skills (71%) and secrecy (71%) in establishing communication between students and their professors. Meanwhile, sex, age gap, stringency and professors' appearance were not so crucial in establishing communication. Conclusion : The result of this study showed that personal factors like rhetoric and teaching skills, behavioral characteristics such as respecting students in comparison with other factors like scientific skills and professional features are more effective in establishing communication.


In vitro gametocytogenesis is a prerequisite for studying the sexual stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Procedures for the high-yield production of P. falciparum gametocytes stages I to V, and for artificially triggering male gametogenesis which is the next step of the life cycle inside the mosquito vector, are described. Gametocytes of P. falciparum are established from continuously maintained cultures of asexual blood stage parasites. In order for gametocytes to comprise a substantial proportion of parasitized erythrocytes, it is necessary for asexual stage parasites to reach a high density and become stressed in vitro before conversion to gametocyte production. This occurs typically 6-8 days after the dilution of a culture. Gametocytes then require at least a further 8 days to reach maturity. Cultures for gametocyte production are therefore maintained for a minimum of 14 days without further dilution with fresh uninfected erythrocytes in order to obtain a large proportion of mature and infectious gametocytes. We routinely perform gametocyte feeds to mosquitoes using cultures propagated continuously for the preceding 14-17 days. Here, a robust and reliable method for production of high levels of infectious gametocytes is described. This is evidenced by the demonstration of the in vitro transformation of male gametocytes into gametes by the process of exflagellation.


The serum vitamin B12 level was estimated in 100 patients with jaundice due to various causes. The overall incidence of abnormally high values, when compared with values from 100 control su


Similar ebooks with Rehabilitation For Traumatic Brain Injury Physical Therapy Practice In Context 1st Edition : rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury physical therapy rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury physical therapy rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury physical therapy rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury physical therapy rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury physical therapy rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury physical therapy memorials of ochiltree and neighbourhood in a letter to friend hopes and dreams writing paper huntley v potter make em laugh take their money information assurance test answers army gizmo seasons in 3d answer key america now 9th edition parallelism in revolution new mobility solutions for south africa and india rev 2 prentice hall algebra 2 1 2 answers chapter 10 curved mirror answer keys 2007 gm corvette service manual airguide barometer 1956 websphere installation guide answer key to holt history nursing study guides education 2020 answers english 11 semester exam review algebra 2b answers the long white cloud quiz with genral knowlage question and answers six flags physics workbook answer key make your own periodic table answers free pioneer owners manuals william deleo v frank spero educating all students eas new york state teacher how to wash a cat the cats and curios mystery 1 rebecca m hale how to get a owners manual rebuilding schools for students nbme mastery series answers curriculum document for civil engineering courses black noon dynamic physics oregon firm an indie music sales giant ticket cd baby permits niche and emerging artists to make the chicken soup for the writer s soul ramsay millwright exam study guide heart of darkness and the secret sharer study guide answers stephanie s homecoming men of kinsey 4 pearson algebra 1 answer key unexpected 1 amy marie shadows passion shadow warder 05 molle mcgregor mystery under the magnolia tree 150 jobs you can start today siemens installation guide principles and practice of informal education prophase ati nursing fundamentals test 2013 b answers e200 razor scooter manual marine mammals and low frequency sound 1997 acura tl cam follower manual nims 700a questions and answers a case of exploding mangoes mohammed hanif manually manage music and videos without erasing iphone 4 pubs of ireland chuey v immigration and naturalization service the little brown handbook 11th edition ebook qlikview end user guide earth science regents august 2010 answer key pogil ap biology immunity answers u morrison petroleum co v f e r c adoption debora ann farabelli appeal steven and lillian salvatico lightning rods helen dewitt subaru forester service manual download faceing math lesson 17 answer keys dream helper scott joplin s new rag pure sheet music duet for tenor saxophone and bassoon arranged by lars christ clue search puzzles greek mythology answers don t tell my mother bible study questions answers crunchy croissants that room augustana chapel and the preparation of leaders for church essay armed forces soldiers and civil military relations 2003 chev s10 evap purge valve oh so delicious and healthy too reflections of love light the evolution angel instructor guide format batman 194


Objective To observe the characteristics of images of optic coherence tomography (OCT) for the macular region of congenital retinoschisis and investigate its significance. Methods The data of OCT of 11 patients (20 eyes) with congenital macular retinoschisis diagnosed by direct or preplaced-mirror ophthalmoscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and electroretinography (ERG) were retrospectively analyzed. Results The images of OCT showed split in the mid portion of sensory retina at the macula in all eyes. The retina of fovea centralis was divided by the split into two slightly thickening layers. In addition, in a few number of cases, the parafoveal sensory retina which became much thickening with 2 splits, was divided into 3 layers. Conclusion The characteristic of images of OCT in macular congenital retinoschisis is the split cavity at the middle layer of the retina, and OCT has a high sensitivity in the diagnosis of congenital retinoschisis.


An extended-range Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology is presented in this paper. The proposed technology is based on a cross-layer optimization of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. In the physical layer, the use of directive and adaptive phased arrays is proposed for the WSN gateways. Consequently, a neighbor-cooperative CSMA/CA algorithm is proposed to alleviate the hidden-terminal problem that is aggravated with the use of directive antennas on the one side of the communication links (asymmetric links). With the proposed technology, a 3-fold increase of the single-hop range is achieved and transmission efficiency of the MAC is improved with minimal impact on the overall throughput, protocol complexity, overhead efficiency, and scalability.


The object of the present invention is an anti-age composition comprising a combination of antioxidant agents in association with bifidobacteria and cell walls isolated from probiotics which takes into account all the different factors involved in the aging process in order to prevent or slow down the course thereof. Cell homeostasis is under the control of redox systems. An unbalance of this control leads to the release of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and RNS (Reactive Nitrogen Species) causing severe damages to cells, thereby triggering the aging process. Under physiological conditions antioxidant substances are naturally produced, such as, for example, the superoxide dismutase, being able to counteract the detrimental action of ROS and RNS to the cells. In order to fight the detrimental effects of ROS and RNS, which are the key players in the aging process, substances, such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, curcumin and derivatives thereof, as well as vitamins A, C and E were found to be able to inactivate free radicals and, subsequently, the detrimental effects thereof. Moreover, it has been fully demonstrated that homeostasis of intestinal flora is fundamental for individual's well-being. In particular, the persistence of a high amount of Bifidobacteria, as major agents of the beneficial action on the intestinal flora is well proved. On the other hand, it is well known that a strong relationship between metabolism and immune system exists.


Conventional materials are considered to be major contributors of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. New cost effective technologies for housing is, therefore, a need of the hour. To make mass housing cost effective in shortest possible time, each of the housing components has to be optimized for cost and production time. Disposal of fly ash is posing a great threat for its disposal problem. There is a dire necessity for alternate materials replacing conventional costly material with cost effective and environmental friendly materials making them energy efficient. This paper presents the technology and advantages of construction of cost effective and energy efficient construction using the developed Carbon Neutral Soil-Cement Fly Ash (SCF) blocks. Construction methods adopted were Arch foundation, Rat-Trap bond using SCF blocks for masonry, precast SCF block Lintel elements and partially precast SCF Slab Panels for flooring/roofing. Overall Cost to the extent of 42% can be saved using this cost effective construction technology over the conventional method. Energy of the buildingcan be drastically brought down from. 36.39 GJ (4.2T of CO2) for conventional construction to 9.51 GJ (1.33T of CO2) for cost effective construction. Energy to the extent of 74% can be saved using this Technology.


Adaptive critic designs (ADC) are sometimes called reinforcement learning systems, approximate dynamic programming or neurodynamic programming. Applications to cars and missiles confirm their advantages over older methods and their ability to overcome the "curse of dimensionality" in dynamic programming. Some ACDs can be formulated as new designs for "adaptive control" which, unlike classical neurocontrol designs, offer universal stability and fast response to transient disturbances. The author has argued that functional understanding of intelligence in mammal brains requires a model of the brain as an ACD. This paper reviews this field, and the new research needed to replicate mammal-like intelligence and beyond.


— This article attempts to analyze functionally graded beam thermal buckling along with piezoelectric layers applying based on the third order shearing deformation theory considering various boundary conditions. The beam properties are assumed to vary continuously from the lower surface to the upper surface of the beam. The equilibrium equations are derived using the total potential energy equations, Euler equations, piezoelectric material constitutive equations and third order shear deformation theory assumptions. In order to fulfill such an aim, at first functionally graded beam with piezoelectric layers applying the third order shearing deformation theory along with clamped -clamped boundary conditions are thoroughly analyzed, and then following making sure of the correctness of all the equations, the very same beam is analyzed with piezoelectric layers through simply-simply and simply-clamped boundary conditions. In this article buckling critical temperature for functionally graded beam is derived in two different ways, without piezoelectric layer and with piezoelectric layer and the results are compared together. Finally, all the conclusions obtained will be compared and contrasted with the same samples in the same and distinguished conditions through tables and charts. It would be noteworthy that in this article, the software MAPLE has been applied in order to do the numeral calculations.


The task of radiation safety management by the optimization of protective structures parameters has been considered. The techniques for calculating the attenuation coefficient of radiation of multilayer floor slabs, the range of constructional materials and the method of the optimization calculation of multilayer protective structures have been analyzed. The analysis has shown that the achievement of the maximum possible efficiency of protection at random distribution of materials is improbable. The optimization task has been solved of the distribution of materials on protective structures and their constructional elements and the list of target functions and restrictions has been made. The algorithm and the program have been developed, the method of optimization calculation of a group of protective structures for the purpose of increasing personnel radiation safety has been improved, and the calculation data testifying the efficiency of the offered approach have been obtained.


Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are gaining importance in the food and medical fields due to their antibacterial properties. The microbial inhibition of these kinds of particles has been tested in a wide range of Gram (+) and Gram (−) pathogenic bacteria. When SeNPs are synthesized by biological methods, they are called biogenic SeNPs, which have a negative charge caused by their interaction between surface and capping layer (bioorganic material), producing their high stability. This review is focused on SeNPs synthesis by bacteria and summarizes the main factors that influence their main characteristics: shape, size and surface charge, considering the bacteria growth conditions for their synthesis. The different mechanisms of antimicrobial activity are revised, and this review describes several biosynthesis hypotheses that have been proposed due to the fact that the biological mechanism of SeNP synthesis is not fully known.


The present survey, based upon work carried out in the Cyclades in 1952 and 1953 and in museums in Greece and elsewhere, is intended to offer a more comprehensive view of Cycladic archaeology than has hitherto appeared. An attempt has been made to gather together both published and unpublished material from sites which flourished during this period; interpretations of the former have been revised in the light of recent knowledge of contemporary cultures in Greece and Crete. Unpublished pottery in museums has been studied, new sites recorded, and fresh evidence collected from the sites themselves.


In this thesis, IGZO solutions based on a co-precipitation method were further fabricated using two processes: hydrothermal route and calcination route. In(NO3)3、GaCl3、Zn(NO3)2 was used as a salt precursor and NaOH、NH4OH was used as an alkaline precursor. Differing from the common sputtering deposition techniques, the solution was deposited by a spin-coating method onto glass substrates, at room temperature, and subsequently the IGZO thin films were observed via differential heat treatment. DLS、SEM and XPS were used to examine grain morphology and components and XRD was used to analyze the crystalline phase of thin films via differential heat treatment. XRD patterns indicated that the sample prepared using the hydrothermal route revealed clear diffraction peaks within the range of 100-250℃ and amorphous phase within the range of 250-800℃. As well, a new crystalline phase IGZO4 was shown beyond 800℃. Based on UV-VIS spectra, the transmittance of IGZO thin film in the visible range was measured above 90 %. Finally, we coated material on the TFT channel area and observed on-off properties of the device.


Abstract The Picturesque arraigned Whether capitalised as an aesthetic category or movement, or used as a throwaway adjective,1 the Picturesque has become the whipping-boy of landscape theory. In everyday speech, though much diluted, it remains a term of approbation, but in critical and academic writing it is most often used in a pejorative sense.2 What is it about the Picturesque that theorists have found so objectionable, and why does it retain popular appeal despite the abuse heaped upon it? To what extent are its critics justified? Are there aspects of Picturesque theory that des erve to be re-examined, rescued or redeemed? In this article I put mys elf in the role of defence lawyer, summoned to the cells to see what kind of arguments can be assembled to defend a theory that many would seem happy to lock away forever. I will consider four principal allegations: that the Picturesque is dysfunctional, it is tyrannical, it is socially unjust and it is anti-ecological.


The Plane Truth. Roger W. Cobb & David M. Primo. Washington DC: Brookings Institute Press, 2003. 207 pp. $17.95 pbk. Two social science literatures-risk assessment and agenda setting-intersect in the pages of The Plane Truth. Cobb and Primo are political scientists who examine how airline crashes made highly visible by media coverage can distort air transport policymaking. The authors argue that air-safety regulation is disjointed and reactive, in part because policymakers vigorously respond to extensive media coverage of unusual airline disasters. That use of scarce regulatory resources to create largely symbolic responses to unusual crashes, wrote the authors, delays concrete action on more common, but less publicized air safety problems. This carefully researched and written book identifies and explains the roles of key players after airline crashes-as suggested by the book's subtitle: Airline Crashes, the Media, and Transportation Policy. But the book is not a page-turner. Alas, I began reading it while grading undergraduate theory term papers and did not receive my hoped-for relief from uninspiring research discussions. However, the writing is clear. Numerous endnotes demonstrate the authors' familiarity with much literature on risk assessment and agenda setting-and lots of dusty government reports. But the literature cited ignores much scholarly work familiar to JMCQ readers who study media contributions to both risk perceptions and policy agendas. Although the authors briefly refer to agendasetting godfather Bernard Cohen, they eschew even brief discussion of its development by communication scholars Donald Shaw and Maxwell McCombs over the past four decades, although other collections are cited in endnotes. Cobb has written several earlier books, including co-editing in 1994 The Politics of Problem Definition: Shaping the Policy Agenda, an agenda-setting study of policymaking. In 1980, he co-edited Participation in American Politics: The Dynamics of Agenda Building. As a former journalist concerned that we often fail to meet our important public responsibilities, I anticipated this new book as a case-study to help both scholars and journalists appreciate how media affect public transportation agendas. Attention to media in the book was too superficial, yet I learned much about government regulation of air transport. Given the first author's background and the deepening of media agenda-setting research since Cobb's 1980 book, many communication scholars would expect some rhetorical analysis of the tone of crash stories. …


The decision phase may be the most important phase of a biometric system. The human can be accepted or rejected based on the decision taken, that is built on a predefined threshold in the open-set systems, whereas in closed-set systems, the decision is built on the minimum score. Both systems have many drawbacks if they are performed separately. This paper presents a new identification system that combines the two systems. This combination offers all the advantages of both systems and overcomes their disadvantages. Consequently, this combination results new identification evaluation criteria. These new criteria are also described in this paper.


Vapor detectors based on "electronic nose" technology have been explored as potential diagnostic tools for a plethora of diseases. Here, chemical and physical systems are designed to allow an electronic nose to serve as a detector for the bacteriological diseases of bacterial vaginosis and urinary tract infection. A variety of sensor substrates are brought together to deal with the complexity of the problem, and a new system is created that will allow the smaller, less reliable sample size, to be dealt with successfully.


This paper reports on some of the outcomes of the national survey of technical and further education (TAFE) teachers undertaken by the Australian Education Union (AEU). The survey investigated the changing nature of teachers' work and workload, the impact on teachers' lives, and the priorities they envisage for union action. Teachers responded that funding cuts and constant change/restructuring in their workplaces were the two changes having the greatest impact on their work. The vast majority of teachers had seen their workload increase and their ability to fulfil their family responsibilities affected. This paper highlights key outcomes of the research and further information emanating from the survey is included in the final report (indexed at TD/TNC 67.60).


This paper explores how real dollarization (dollar indexing of wages), financial dollarization (dollar denomination of financial contracts), and monetary policy interact in a general equilibrium, new open-economy macroeconomics model with real shocks. Real dollarization is avoided as long as the home monetary authorities conduct monetary policy optimally (maximize local welfare). Suboptimal monetary policies are more likely to induce real dollarization when the correlation between domestic and external shocks is high, since in this case the (presumably optimal) foreign monetary policy guarantees a better level of protection against macroeconomic uncertainty. While real dollarization contributes to financial dollarization, important asymmetries between the two were found.


Modulation of T‐Type Calcium Channels. A low threshold, voltage‐gated calcium current is reported in most cardiac tissues but rarely in ventricular cells. This article reports some recently described characteristics and discusses their possible pathophysiologic implications. It also reviews the alterations induced in this current by a variety of chemical agents including several neuromediators in cardiac and other tissues.


Background and Objectives: Delivering of bad news is an
important component of cancer management that can cause
long lasting devastating effects for patients and their families if done badly.
Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted among
adult cancer patients in indigenous people in a rural community in Sarawak to assess the perceptions of their doctors' ability in breaking of bad news of their diagnosis. Using snowball sampling method, patients was interviewed face-to-face using The Breaking Bad News Assessment Schedule (BAS). Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 19.
Results: A total of 61 patients were recruited with majority were female (51.4%), mean age of 52.2 ± 8.0 years. More than half of them suffered from the nasopharynx (52.5%) cancer and 39.3% were in stage 4 of their disease. Mean score for the overall BAS questionnaire was 71.7 ± 14.85 with only 49.2% graded their doctors' ability on breaking news as "pass" and "outstanding". The top two questions (reflecting ability) that the respondents perceived as lacking in their doctors were the "use of appropriate body language
during interview" (mean= 2.4±1.20), and "management of
time available" (mean =2.7 ± 1.05).
Conclusion: Structured training and standard protocol
should be provided to help doctors to handle breaking of bad news more efficiently, which in return would help the patients to cope better.


This article reports on data from two research projects with people whose own illness narratives and etiologies challenge the western biomedical ontology of the body. This paper argues that Reed's 'landscapes of meaning' allow researchers to make sense of the invisible, causal mechanisms operating in these particular epistemic communities. If ontology is an issue of perspective, then part of the ethnographer's task is to 'learn to see otherwise' by situating themselves in people's systems of signification and thereby grasping and analyzing the causal forces at work. And yet exploring data from these cases also allows for intervention into Reed's account of causality which lends causal primacy to symbolic systems over structural and agential ones.


stiffness and wave reflections [5–9] . However, the effect of smoking cessation on arterial function has not been adequately examined, and the study by Roux et al. [4] adds knowledge to this field. In a retrospective study, hypertensive patients who had quit smoking had reduced arterial stiffness and wave reflections compared to current smokers [9] . Several prospective studies using behavioral/cognitive and/or bupropion therapy have concluded that smoking cessation reduces wave reflections, whereas its effect on aortic stiffness is of less magnitude (see later) [10–12] . In line with these findings, Roux et al. [4] demonstrated that smoking cessation reduced augmentation index, i.e. a measure of wave reflections, but not carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity, i.e. an index of aortic stiffness, during an 8-week follow-up. While the effect of nicotine on arterial stiffness and wave reflections has been examined before, the present study was the first to use nicotine replacement therapy in subjects quitting smoking, and it demonstrated that wave reflections were reduced with smoking cessation (or at the end of the 8-week study period). Given that, first, nicotine increases wave reflections [13] and, second, cotinine (a nicotine metabolite) levels were reduced at the end of the 8-week period, this finding denotes that nicotine enhances wave reflections in a dose-dependent manner. Smoking Cessation and Cardiovascular Risk


This chapter considers competition in second lining, an African American vernacular dance form that has accompanied brass band processions through New Orleans's city streets since the late nineteenth century. It takes formal second line dance competitions as an entry point to examine the often tacit gendered biases that frame second lining's social practice and reception. Women competitors surmise that, in order to win, they must "dance like a man." And yet, such gendered discourses cannot fully account for the tactics employed by young women today. Featuring an ethnographic account of the First Annual Big Easy Footwork Competition, the author suggests two feminist frameworks for understanding female footwork artists' dancing: the influence of double-dutch jump rope, and a theoretical framework that Imani Kai Johnson (2014) calls "badass femininity." With each step, female footwork artists move within and beyond a gendered terrain in which dancing well means dancing like a man.


The present article describes our recent research works on the electrospinning of natural and bio-related polymeric materials. A synthetic poly(amino acids), poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) and two natural polysaccharides, chitosan and cellulose, have been successfully spun into submicro- or nano-scaled fibers, which can be obtained as "electrospun non-woven fabrics (ESNWs)". The major topics are (i) relationship between the chain conformation of PBLG in the pre-spun solution and the resulting post-spun morphology and mechanical property of PBLG-ESNWs, (ii) direct electrospinning of chitosan solution, preparation of the nanofibers, and post-spun treatment of the chitosan-ESNWs, with respect to the polymer chemical properties, and (iii) preparation of cellulose-ESNWs composed of the nano-scaled fibrous network and biomedical application as drug-carrier and releasing materials. Finally, technological aspects of the industrial application of these ESNWs were discussed, enclosing with perspectives for the future research subjects and possible applications.


Mass spectrometry has revealed the sugar sequence of a new saponoside isolated from the bark of Colubrina arborescens Mill (Rhamnaceae). The branched trisaccharide moiety if this saponoside is shown to be and O-β-L-arabinopyranosyl (1 2gal)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1 3gal)-galactopyranose located on an as yet unknown genin. Mass spectra are presented for the permethylated saponoside, a permethylated trisaccharide and a partially methylated disaccharide, i.e. 3-β-D-glucopyranosylgalactose (C2 OH), derived by partial hydrolysis. Further characterization of the mono-, di- and trisaccharides involved NaBH4 and NaBD4 reduction of the 4,6-dimethylgalactose reducing sugar moiety, followed by acetylation or trimethylsilylation.


A wealth of research has revealed that psychopathy and psychopathic personality traits are associated with criminal involvement. Comparatively less research, however, has examined whether psychopathic personality traits influence economic outcomes in adulthood. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by analyzing data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The results of the analyses indicate that psychopathic personality traits are negatively related to a number of economic outcomes, including household income and employment history measures. Individuals with high levels of psychopathic personality traits were found to have lower household incomes and to be fired more frequently than individuals with lower levels of psychopathic personality traits. Unexpectedly, psychopathic personality traits were also found to be negatively associated with household debt. There was also some evidence that the effect of psychopathic personality traits was moderated by intelligence in the prediction of household income. We discuss what these findings mean for the psychopathy and economics literatures.


The invention relates to a testing device for a relationship between a pre-tightening force and a torque for threaded fastening connection. The testing device comprises a torque sensor, a torque sensor supporting seat, a three-jaw chuck, a right article placement table, a right clamp, a left clamp, a long screw, a limiting block, a left article placement table, a clamp seat, a supporting seat, a smooth guide rail, a double-end screw, a hand wheel, a pressing plate, a pressure sensor, a chain, a chain wheel, a nut and a fixed pressing plate bolt. By adoption of the testing device, assembly connection of threaded fasteners which comprise bolts with different lengths and connected pieces with different thicknesses can be effectively stimulated. The testing device is slightly influenced by a bolt structure and convenient in test operation, has a function of synchronously measuring an installation torque and the pre-tightening force, and provides test conditions for acquisition of the relationship (a tension relationship) between the torque and the pre-tightening force.


Examines the problem of precise position control when the system being controlled has a dead zone and cannot be described with differentiable dynamics. The behavior of the system under proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control is analysed using the Poincare map, which shows the existence of a stable fixed point and a disjoint collection of intervals which are mapped to the desired position (the origin). The author also addresses the design and analysis of discontinuous control systems by the technique of reshaping of the Poincare map.<<ETX>>


Organic photochromic compounds display properties''] that make them attractive candidates for numerous applications. Their use in optical memory systems constitutes one of the main interests, since light as a trigger offers certain advantagesL2] over magnetism, which is mainly used in memory systems today. Among others, multiplexity and multifunctionality are two of the advantages of light-triggered systems. Although many new photochromic compounds with attractive properties have been synthesized, apparently only a few multicolor processes where light irradiation is the only trigger have been described (in the patent literatureP1). Such systems are of great interest since they may allow high-density storage as well as multiple addressing and readout. We report here two examples of multicolor systems based on mixtures of two dithienylethene compounds (mixtures of compounds 1 + 3 and 1 + 4). In addition, these systems show two different categories of states with respect to either fluorescence or redox properties. A number of thermally stable photochromic compounds of dithienylethene type which can be photoswitched reversibly between an open form o and a closed form c have been reported by our group in recent year^.[^-^] In order to achieve multiple-wavelength-triggered mixtures, photochromes with well separated, individually addressable absorption bands are required. The use of mixtures of compounds has certain advantages in comparison to single compounds containing several photochromic centers: a) the synthesis is much simpler, b) many combinations can be tested in a minimum of time, and c) changes in the relative intensity of the colors can easily be controlled by changing the molar ratio of the components. In the various perfluorocyclopentene dithienylethene compounds the i,,, of the absorption of the closed-ring forms varies from 425 to about 830 nm, whereas for the open forms it lies in a narrower range between 230 and -460 nm. This requires a careful choice of components so as to make selective photointerconversions possible. Also, complications arise from the fact that in the UV-visible ab-


The paper really begins with a description of the facts. And I think the paper does an excellent job of talking about what's happened in the United States where we've seen an increased premium for education, an increased premium for skilled workers, and greater inequality within those groups—what we call within-group inequality. We have also seen greater instability in earnings, (that is, greater variability in earnings for the same person over time). These (education, experience, within-group, and instability) are four dimensions on which inequality has tended up. There is one dimension—and the paper makes a lot of reference to it—on which inequality has tended to go down: inequality between men and women. The male-female differential has shrunk over time. This fact plays a key role in Professor Snower's analysis. In fact, it plays a pretty critical role in the analysis, but I'll get back to that a little bit later.


Background: Results of the studies about association between serum selenium concentration and gestational hyperglycemia are inconsistent. Some studies have demonstrated that women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have lower Se concentrations while contrary results are reported in other studies. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the serum Se concentration in women with GDM and normoglycemic pregnant women via a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A computerized literature search on four databases (PubMed, Cochrane register of control trials, Scopus and Google scholar) was performed from inception through August 2013. Necessary data were extracted and random effects model was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results: Six observational studies (containing 147 women with GDM and 360 normoglycemic pregnant women) were found, which had compared serum Se concentration in women suffering from GDM with normal pregnant ones. Our meta-analysis revealed that serum Se concentration was lower in women with GDM compared to normoglycemic pregnant women (Hedges = −1.34; 95% CI: −2.33 to −0.36; P < 0.01). Stratified meta-analysis demonstrated that concentration of Se in the sera of women with GDM was lower than normal pregnant women both in second and third trimesters, but the result was not significant in second trimester (second trimester: Hedges = −0.68; 95% CI: −1.60−0.25; P = 0.15, third trimester: Hedges = −2.81; 95% CI: −5.21 to −0.42; P < 0.05). It was also demonstrated that serum Se status was lower in pregnant women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) compared to normoglycemic pregnant women (Hedges = −0.85; 95% CI: −1.18 to −0.52). Conclusion: The available evidences suggest that serum Se concentration is significantly lower in pregnant women with gestational hyperglycemia compared to normal pregnant women. ntroduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as a temporary form of type diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent compliations in pregnancy [1]. GDM has become more common due to ncremental prevalence of obesity and T2DM. Its prevalence varies rom 1.7% to 11.7% around the world [2]. During normal pregnancy, nsulin resistance increases in parallel with increasing in oxidaive stress which leads to reduction in antioxidant levels [3]. These ∗ Corresponding author at: Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutriion and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. el.: +98 311 7922776; fax: +98 311 7922776. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (T. Jafari). ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.09.006 946-672X/© 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. conditions are more prominent in women with GDM; in whom glucose oxidation, protein glycation, and lipid peroxidation lead to free radicals accumulation [1]. It seems that a positive correlation exists between erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) activity and insulin resistance. This can be explained through the fact that oxidative stress reduces insulin secretion and increases insulin resistance; therefore, it is linked toT2DM [3]. Selenium (Se) as an essential trace element has an important role in the action of antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) [4]. Also, it is proposed that Se has anti-diabetic functions due to its insulin-like characteristics; hence Se supplementation seems to have beneficial effects in diabetic patients [5,6]. It seems that the relationship between low Se concentration and impaired glucose tolerance is exclusive to pregnancy, because some evidences show that serum Se concentration is higher in patients with 196 G. Askari et al. / Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 29 (2015) 195–201 Total references found via search in several databases: 1092 records Excluded by titles and abstracts: 988 records Irrelevant topics: 620 records Studies on animal models: 386 records Ar cles reviewed and assessed through full texts: 104 records Excluded due to lack of data on serum Se concentra on in pregnancy: 97 records Ar cles included in systema c review: 7 records Excluded due to lack of control group: 1 record Ar cles included in meta-analysis: 6 records Id en tif ic at io n


Framing effects of different sorts are ubiquitous in the decisionmaking literature and beyond. Framing refers to situations in which decision makers respond differently to problems that, though differently framed (formulated), are considered equivalent from a normative analytical viewpoint. For instance, stating that an operation's probability of success is .90 corresponds to stating that its probability of failure is .10. Although the two statements are logically equivalent they can, in daily life, convey (often tacitly) different information. Framing effects are important from both theoretical and applied perspectives. Concerning the theoretical facet, framing effects constitute a challenge to rational choice theory because they can lead to inconsistent choice behavior. The incompatibility between framing effects and utility theory was among the incentives that led to the development of prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979), which is currently considered (among economists and researchers of judgment and decision making) to be the leading theory of choice. Framing effects play a vital role in applied and practical decision making in various domains such as medicine, marketing, law and policy making – to mention just a few. For instance, the likelihood that a patient will decide to undergo an operation may differ considerably, depending on whether she is informed about the likelihood of success (i.e., 90% chance it will succeed) or failure (i.e., 10% chance it will fail). More generally, there is a fundamental difference between framing outcomes in terms of gains and losses, and this difference has both theoretical and practical implications. In a similar vein, risk and uncertainty can be communicated in different ways. There is a basic difference framing and communication 15 between formulating uncertainty in numerical terms (i.e., 70% chance that the operation will be successful) or in verbal (i.e., "it is quite likely that the operation will be successful") terms. Verbal probabilities carry not only chance information but also an additional tacit recommendation of whether or not a certain outcome or actions are desirable. Section 2 of this paper describes different sorts of framing effects and examines its importance from both a theoretical and an applied viewpoint. Many of the examples described are taken from the health sector, public policy, and marketing, all of which are relevant for the insurance companies and pension funds. There are different sorts of framing effects. Section 3 describes several alternative classifications based on the mechanisms that supposedly drive these effects. The following section offers an analysis of two major approaches to the study of framing effects. Briefly, one line of research, termed the "the listener's" approach solely examines how a listener (hearer) of a message interprets a message enclosed in a particular frame and acts accordingly. An alternative framework, based on Grice's (1975, 1978) logic of conversation, examines messages as an exchange taking place between a speaker (the message sender) and a listener (the message receiver). Following this approach, speakers do not choose a frame randomly. Rather, different frames carry additional tacit information that the hearer is attempting to unveil. In gametheoretic terminology, this approach perceives communication as a cooperation game. Section 5 is devoted entirely to framing effects studied in the context of pension funds. For instance, an employee's contributions (premium payments) to his/her retirement fund can be framed as either being part of the salary, or as representing a


Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of sexually transmitted diseases in Ningbo city,and to provide scientific evidence for strategy development of effective prevention and control. Methods The data of sexually transmitted diseases from medical institutions and direct network reporting system were analyzed,and prevention as well as control strategies were suggested for future implementation. Results In 2008,the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases was 215.60/100 000 and the incidence ratio of male to female was 1∶0.98. The majority of the patients were residents(90.16%)and aged 20-39 years old(67.51%).The unemployed,worker and peasant were the main reported occupations of the patients(68.27%).Compared with year of 2007,the incidence of syphilis increased by 29.21%. Conclusion The cases of sexually transmitted diseases had been decreasing steadily in Ningbo in recent years.However,increase trend was observed in cases of syphilis,which became the primary sexually transmitted diseases in Ningbo in 2008.Public health education of sexually transmitted diseases should be strengthened in the youth and other high risk populations.Safe sex should be advocated.


Numerical predictions of characteristics of turbulent flows through a square duct (30 30 mm) with twisted tape inserts and with twisted tape inserts plus interrupted ribs are conducted to investigate regionally averaged heat transfer and friction factors by using CFX 11.0 commercial code. The validity of the numerical results is confirmed by measurement. Reynolds numbers are varied between 8,900 and 29,000. A rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter (e/Dh) of 0.067 and a length-to hydraulic diameter (L/Dh) of 30 are considered. The square ribs are arranged to follow the trace of the twisted tape and along the flow direction defined as axial interrupted ribs. The twisted tape is 0.1 mm thick carbon steel sheet with diameter of 28mm, length of 900mm and 2.5 turns. Each wall of the square channel is composed of the isolated aluminum section. The present study demonstrates that the twisted tape with interrupted ribs provides a greater overall heat transfer performance over the twisted tape with no ribs in the square duct.


This paper discusses the basic rules and considerations in the aesthetic design of bridges. The discussion is organized around the two aspects of bridge aesthetics that are largely independent of each other: integration of the bridge into its surroundings and design of the bridge as a structure in itself. Also discussed is the correlation between aesthetics and economy in bridge design.


Background: The purpose of this study was to compare three locoregional techniques of pain management after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).


Design considerations are presented for a video microwave spectrograph using Stark modulation and a crystal or bolometer detector. Crystal and source noise is explicitly included in the treatment. A detailed description of some of the equipment in use in our laboratory is given. Some of the advantages and dis‐advantages of other systems are mentioned.


Objective The research aimed to enable the students to master theoretical knowledge effectively and to improve their capability of clinical practice.A new exploration of ophthalmic clinical teaching model,was made to accumulate the experience on ophthalmology clinical examination model transformation.Methods The implementation base: 1.The clinical data of common eye diseases can be collected from the based on related examination equipment of our ophthalmology department;2.The establishment of examination environment: Establishment of item pool based on clinical cases,preparation of the web-based examination software that based on clinical environment.3.Preliminary implementation: the relevant good feedback was obtained from the new web-based examination model.Results Based on Case-Based-Learning teaching thought,we established the clinical item pool of clinical case and improved the network platform of simulation test system of clinical competence and obtained direct feedback information of ophthalmology clinical teaching.Conclusion New clinical-oriented ophthalmic examination model will help medical students in clinical practice and accumulate the experience on ophthalmology clinical examination model transformation.


Obesity is an epidemic which affects today's society greatly. Not only does it shorten a person's life span, but also causes many other health problems. Adults who are obese are more likely to have obese children. Children who are currently overweight have more chances of growing up overweight and possibly obese as well. Things such as technology, food and environment play great major roles for obesity. Children's lives are being engaged by technology, whether if its by television, video games, computers, or even cell phones. Not just children, but parents as well do not have time away from technology. This is why now a days less meals are being prepared at home and fast food restaurants' food is being consumed by majority of America. One way of stopping the over spread of obesity is to have schools get involved. Like a Book It program, this program will encourage students to get involved in more physical activities and eventually put an end to their current sedentary lifestyles. This program encourages children to spend more time with their parents, whether if it is grocery shopping, cooking, cleaning, or going on walks together. This program is designed to lessen the use of technology and also the number of visits families make to fast food restaurants.


A bs tra ct This article aims to describe the main strategies aimed at raising awareness among professionals, that should be used for the implementation of telehealth projects that have a participative characteristic. These strategies are divided into: A) Introduction strategies, considering: initial contact and motivation of the community, meetings with government and health authorities; diagnosis of needs expressed by the community and survey studies; community organization; creation of an organizational infrastructure of education and training of beneficiaries and implementation and monitoring committees. B) For training strategies, the following aspects are detailed: develop educational materials for dissemination of telehealth project training programs (brochures, flyers, posters, etc.); designing training programs and develop educational materials; have the web platform for the dissemination of training programs; and design and develop a manual of rules, processes and protocols. C) As for the maintenance and replication strategies the following aspects are developed: humanly sustainable; to have community acceptance; . economically stable; acceptable by users; to have characteristics for everyday use; to provide equitable services; technologically sustainable; politically independent; to be simple and to have protocolized and to have permanent evaluation. It is concluded that the awareness process part of a complex set of dimensions that must be observed.


The disclosed photoelectric conversion device contains: a substrate (1); a transparent conductive film (2) formed on the substrate (1); a first photoelectric conversion unit (3) formed on the transparent conductive film (2); and a second photoelectric conversion unit (4) formed on the first photoelectric conversion unit (3). The first photoelectric conversion unit (3) contains: a first p-type semiconductor layer (31); a first i-type semiconductor layer (32) comprising an amorphous silicon thin film; a first n-type semiconductor layer (33) comprising a crystalline silicon thin film; and a buffer layer (35) which is an n-type semiconductor comprising an amorphous silicon thin film, and which is disposed between the first i-type semiconductor layer (32) and the first n-type semiconductor layer (33).


Objective
To evaluate the effect of intrathecal morphine and fentanyl on the level of natural killer(NK)cells in the hippocampus of rats with incisional pain.

Methods
Ninety-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180-220 g, aged 6-8 weeks, in which intrathecal catheters were successfully implanted, were divided into 4 groups(n=24 each)using a random number table: control group(C group), incisional pain group(P group), intrathecal morphine-fentanyl group(MF group)and intrathecal morphine-fentanyl plus incisional pain group(MFP group). A 1-cm longitudinal incision was made through skin, fascia and muscle of the plantar aspect of the right hindpaw in sevoflurane-anesthetized rats.At 20 min before establishment of the incisional pain model, the mixture of morphine 5 μg/kg and fentanyl 0.25 μg/kg was intrathecally injected in MFP group, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in NS and P groups.Six rats were selected at 24 h before establishment of the model(T0, baseline)and at 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after establishment of the model(T1-5), and the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal paw withdrawal latency(TWL)were measured.Six rats from each group were selected at T0, T2, T3 and T5, venous blood samples were taken from the peripheral vein, the animals were then sacrificed immediately, and the hippocampi and spleen were quickly harvested.The levels of NK cells in peripheral blood, hippocampi and spleen were measured.

Results
Compared with group C, the MWT was significantly decreased, the TWL was shortened, the levels of NK cells in hippocampi were increased at T2-5, the levels of NK cells in the spleen were increased at T2 and decreased at T3, 5, and the levels of NK cells in peripheral blood were decreased at T2, 3 in group P(P 0.05), the levels of NK cells in the spleen were increased at T2 and decreased at T5, the levels of NK cells in peripheral blood were decreased at T2, 5(P 0.05). Compared with group P, the MWT was significantly increased, the TWL was prolonged, the levels of NK cells in hippocampi were decreased at T2-5, and the levels of NK cells in the spleen and peripheral blood were decreased at T2-5 and increased at T3 in group MFP(P<0.05).

Conclusion
Intrathecal morphine and fentanyl can maintain the level of NK cells stable in the hippocampus, which may be helpful for maintenance of immune function of rats with incisional pain.

Key words:
Morphine; Piperidines; Pain, postoperative; Injections, spinal; Killer cells, natural; Hippocampus


There has always been a trend of beautifying the modern cities by construction of various facilities like urban parks, playgrounds, amusement parks etc. recently. Such areas perform a important role in social and to some extent the economic well being of the city and urban residential complexes. Many of the new constructions of residential buildings proposed nowadays focus a considerable amount of time and investment towards inclusion of parks and playgrounds within the residential campus being constructed. This is the key indication that how much the common masses are attracted to this kind of areas and their importance in the urban environment. Keywords— Recreation, open spaces, green spaces, urban development, parks, playgrounds


Physiological training effect (TE) of a physiological performance of a person is determined using a portable device that monitors the performance to obtain performance data 21A, 21B (e.g. heart rate, acceleration, position, velocity, power). The device includes computing means to determine a first training effect parameter 23A describing a first physiological effect of the performance using a first determination method 22A, and a second training effect parameter 23B describing a second physiological effect of the performance using a second determination method 22B. A third training effect parameter 26 describing a third physiological effect of the performance using a third determination method may be calculated. The third physiological effect being a combination effect of the first and second physiological effects which are different from each other and are descriptive of different physiological effects of training, such as homeostatic disturbance and cumulative physiological load, respectively. The training effect parameters are displayed and or stored 24A, 24B, 27. The training effect parameters may be peak fitness, cumulative intensity/load, recovery time, peakTE, baseTE and totalTE etc.


This presentation is a poster that was presented at the Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine (APM) 2012 Annual Conference held in Atlanta, GA on Nov. 14-18, 2012.


The aim of this work is to formally account for the several interpretations associated to Italian third singular pronouns in both coordination and subordination contexts.
Assuming that pragmatic representations are encoded in the syntactic structure, we will identify the syntactic conditions which are to be met in order to allow coreferentiality between a null pronoun and a lexical constituent; then the function of the strong pronoun will be taken into account, as well as its syntactic position.
The central idea is that the Subject of the Predication feature, responsible for the selection of the pronoun antecedent, is realized in different projections, both in the higher part of the IP field and in CP (thematic projections). Some differences will be found between coordination and subordination contexts: coordination and subordination processes described in Chapter two will show that those differences rely on these processes, which crucially involve the syntactic areas where thematic projections are found.


The capability of independently varying band gaps and lattice constants in ternary strained‐layer superlattices has been experimentally demonstrated for the first time. High‐quality GaAsxP1−x/GaP superlattices (0<x≤0.62, lattice mismatches up to 2.3%) were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and their band gaps and lattice constants were measured. The band gaps at each composition agree with calculated values, and differ significantly from the band gaps of bulk alloys with the same lattice constant. This newly demonstrated capability could allow high‐quality heterojunction devices to be grown in a variety of lattice‐mismatched ternary systems.


1. The Counterrevolution in Strategic Affairs Lawrence Freedman 2. The U.S. Armed Forces' View of War Brian McAllister Linn 3. Weapons: The Growth and Spread of the Precision-Strike Regime Thomas G. Mahnken 4. American Military Culture from Colony to Empire Robert L. Goldich 5. Manning and Financing the Twenty-First-Century All-Volunteer Force David R. Segal and Lawrence J. Korb 6. Military Contractors and the American Way of War Deborah Avant and Rene e de Nevers 7. Filming War Jay Winter 8. The Future of Conscription: Some Comparative Reflections James Sheehan 9. Whose Army? Andrew J. Bacevich 10. Reassessing the All-Volunteer Force Karl W. Eikenberry 11. Military Justice Charles J. Dunlap Jr. 12. Women in the U.S. Military: The Evolution of Gender Norms and Military Requirements Michelle Sandhoff and Mady Wechsler Segal 13. Casualties Jonathan Shay Index


Due to their low induced activity from exposure to particle irradiation in harsh environments, SiC/SiC composites are very promising materials for use in fusion reactors [1-3]. However, a still open problem consists in SiC/SiC joining in order to obtain complex components, because they cannot be connected together by ordinary welding or by self diffusion bonding. Therefore, the use of joining materials having radiation hardness comparable to SiC is needed. Glass ceramics such as CaO–Al2O3 (CA), SiO2–Al2O3–Y2O3 (SAY) and SiO2–Al2O3–MgO (SAMg) showed big potentialities as indirect joining materials [4] and their preliminary radiation tests under neutron beam were very encouraging [5]. In this framework, in 2012, we checked the radiation hardness of CA and SAY ceramics by means of 5.5 MeV He ions up to fluences able to induce in localized regions of the samples tenths of displacements per atom (dpa), i.e. a damage comparable with that expected for locations in nuclear fusion apparatus where particle/neutron flux of 10 – 10 n/(m s) is reached [6].