To the Editor: It has become increasingly clear that social determinants impact the health outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Within private-payer healthcare models, low-income, unmarried status, uninsured status, and living in low socioeconomic status (SES) index areas are all associated with poorer health outcomes. Though the mechanism by which SES impacts outcomes is unknown, previous studies have highlighted disparities in accessing treatment within privatepayer models. However, there is limited data examining the association of SES with MM-related health outcomes within a public-payer universal healthcare system. Ontario, Canada, has a universal healthcare system that covers chemotherapy drug and administration costs for provincial funding regimens. Therefore, we performed a retrospective cohort study using the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) population-based administrative database to evaluate the association between socioeconomic marginalization and the likelihood of receiving treatment, and overall survival (OS) among treated patients in Ontario. Given the theoretical equal access to care, and data that MM outcomes are improved with universal versus private-payer healthcare in the United States, we hypothesized that socioeconomic marginalization would not affect the health outcomes of Ontarian patients with MM. Patients diagnosed with MM between 2007 and 2018 were identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) histology codes for MM, as described previously. Patients untreated by 1-year post-diagnosis and lacking ICD codes for symptomatic end-organ dysfunction were presumed to have smoldering MM (SMM) and were excluded. The Ontario Marginalization (ONMARG) index at diagnosis was used as an area-level surrogate measure of SES. It is a validated composite score incorporating census data on material deprivation (income, education, employment, reliance on government assistance), residential instability (people per dwelling, marital status), ethnic concentration (recent immigrants, self-identified minorities), and dependency (age <15 or >65 years). The ONMARG index is reported in quintiles, with higher quintiles representing more marginalized areas. To simplify reporting, we grouped patients in ONMARG quintiles 2 to 4. Baseline demographic information (age at MM diagnosis, sex), diagnosis date, community size (urban if population ≥10 000, otherwise rural), and the modified Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index (CCI) was collected. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between ONMARG and receipt of treatment 1 year post MM diagnosis. A liberal time period for treatment initiation was used to ensure that patients experiencing treatment delays were not incorrectly classified as untreated or having SMM. Treatment was defined as the receipt of a proteosome inhibitor (PI; bortezomib), immunomodulatory drug (IMID; lenalidomide), alkylator (melphalan, cyclophosphamide), or an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) as these encompassed all provincially funded first-line treatments during the study period. An interaction term between age (<70 vs. ≥70) and ONMARG was used in the multivariable model to assess whether age was an effect modifier. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association between ONMARG and OS. As poverty is more prevalent in rural settings and rurality is associated with barriers to accessing healthcare, we used an interaction term between ONMARG and community size to assess for effect modification. Similarly, ASCT is independently associated with improved survival in MM, but ASCT rates may differ in more marginalized populations, so an interaction term between ASCT and ON-MARG index was used in the multivariable Cox model. Statistical significance was defined as p < .05. The date of the last follow up was November 2, 2022. The study was approved by the ethics board of McMaster University and followed the data confidentiality and privacy guidelines of ICES. After excluding 3359 patients with presumed SMM, our newly diagnosed MM cohort consisted of 9777 patients. At 1 year post diagnosis, 2242 (23%) of MM patients remained untreated. Among treated patients, the median time to treatment was 35 (IQR 16–85) days, with no significant difference in time to treatment between ONMARG groups (p = .630). Compared to treated patients, untreated patients tended to be older (median age 69 vs. 77 years), have more comorbidities (CCI ≥ 2 in 11% vs. 18%), and live in more marginalized areas (ONMARG Q5: 18% vs. 23%). Patients from more marginalized areas were less likely to receive treatment within 1 year of diagnosis even after adjusting for community size, time period of diagnosis, baseline CCI, sex, and age at diagnosis (ONMARG Q5 vs. Q1: OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.60–0.84; ONMARG 2–4 vs. Q1: OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77–1.01; p < .001). Similarly, marginalization was associated with reduced odds of receiving an upfront ASCT (ONMARG Q5 vs. Q1: OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.67–1.01; ONMARG 2–4 vs. Q1: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64–0.85; p < .001). We further studied the likelihood of receiving treatment within 3 months of diagnosis and the results remained consistent even after adjusting for confounding. Neither age nor community size was the effect modifier on the association between ONMARG and the likelihood of receiving treatment (pinteraction = 0.086 and pinteraction = 0.357, respectively). The median OS of MM patients treated versus untreated by 1 year post diagnosis was 4.3 (95% CI 2.1–4.5) versus 0.9 Received: 31 March 2023 Revised: 13 April 2023 Accepted: 30 April 2023


Disparities have an understanding of the decision of the imposition of criminal offenses which are not equal to the guilty party in the same case or cases are almost the same level of crime, whether it be done jointly or not without foundation that can be justified. This study aims to determine and analyze the basic considerations of judges in the criminal verdict against drug criminals in the District Court Slawi; Knowing the factors that influence the judge's ruling against the perpetrators of particular crimes in violation of Article 112 paragraph 1 of Law No. 35 of 2009 of narcotics. The data used are secondary data from the judge's decision. Analytical approach used are the approach and the concept of criminal law cases. These results indicate that the judge decided the case using the consideration of evidence as mentioned in the Criminal Code. The factors that influence the judge's decision covers three things, namely: the law of its own factor, perpetrators factor, and the judge concerned actors.


Background Chronic steroid use is debilitating to health, but, in some cases, it is necessary. We examined the effect of chronic steroid use on the discharge disposition of people undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Methods We queried the National Inpatient Sample Database (NIS) from 2016 to 2019. We identified patients with current chronic steroid use with the International Classification of Diseases for the Tenth (ICD-10) code Z7952. Furthermore, we used the ICD-10 procedure codes for TAVR 02RF3. Outcomes were the length of hospitalization (LOS), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), disposition, in-hospital mortality, and total hospital charges (THC). Results Between 2016 and 2019, we identified 44,200 TAVR hospitalizations, and 382,497 were on current long-term steroid therapy. Of these, 934 had current chronic steroid use and underwent TAVR (STEROID) with a mean age of 78 (SD=8.4). About 50% were female, 89% were Whites, 3.7% were Blacks, 4.2% were Hispanics, and 1.3% were Asians. Disposition was 'home,' 'home with home health' (HWHH), 'skilled nursing home' (SNF), 'short-term inpatient therapy' (SIT), 'discharged against medical advice' (AMA), and 'died.' A total of 602 (65.5%) were discharged home, 206 ( 22%) were discharged to HWHH, 109 (11.7%) to SNF, and 12 (1.28%) died. In the SIT and AMA groups, there were only three and two patients, respectively, p=0.23. The group that underwent TAVR and was not on chronic steroid therapy (NOSTEROID) had a mean age of 79 (SD=8.5), with 28731 (66.4%) being discharged home, 8399 (19.4%) to HWHH, 5319 (12.3%) to SNF, and 617 (1.43%) died p=0.17. Comparing the STEROID vs. NONSTEROID group, according to the CCI, the STEROID group scored higher than the NOSTEROID group; 3.5 (SD=2) vs. 3 (SD=2) p=0.0001, while for LOS, it was 3.7 days (SD=4.3) vs. 4.1 days (SD=5.3), p=0.28, and the THC was $203,213 (SD=$110,476) vs. $215,858 (SD=$138,540), p=0.15. Conclusion The comorbidity burden of individuals on long-term steroids undergoing TAVR was slightly higher than those not on steroids undergoing TAVR. Despite this, there was no statistically significant difference in their hospital outcomes following TAVR with respect to dispositions.


Structural, optical, and electronic properties of cubic TiNx compounds were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and dc resistivity measurements. The samples were thin films prepared by dc reactive magnetron sputtering of a Ti target at various nitrogen partial pressures in an argon–nitrogen gas mixture. XRD and XPS analyses on the samples indicated a linear increase of the lattice parameter of the compounds with the nitride composition in the 0.7<x<1.2 range. The measured dielectric functions of the compounds by SE show significant low-energy shift of the screened plasma frequency as the nitride composition increases while the interband-transition structures above 3 eV remain at about the same energy. The dielectric functions of the compounds in the intraband-transition region are well described by the Drude model with constant plasma frequency and relaxation time. The estimated dc resistivity using the Drude parameters is minim...


The FAD3 protein is the main -3 desaturase for maintaining the C18:3 content of membrane fatty acids in Arabidopsis roots. Previous studies have shown that the expression of the FAD3 gene can be upregulated mainly at the translational level upon temperature decreases. In an attempt to unveil the mechanism underlying the low temperature-induced translational increase (LTTI), we investigated the role of the untranslated regions (UTRs) in the regulation of the LTTI. The 5 � UTR and the 3 � UTR derived from the Arabidopsis FAD3 mRNA were ligated alone or in combination to the GUS reporter sequences of pBI121 to generate different transgenic Arabidopsis lines. Despite of a decrease in the GUS mRNA level, the GUS enzyme activity in the lines containing the 5 � UTR displayed a 1.6–2.0-fold increase upon low temperature induction (from 22 ◦ Ct o 10◦C). No significant translational difference was observed in the lines containing the 3 � UTR alone. Furthermore, a series of 5 � UTR deletion constructs were created to identify the necessary sequences required for the high level of translation of the FAD3 mRNA. We found that the nucleotide region from −80 to − 6o f theFAD3 5


Dent's disease is a rare X-linked renal tubulopathy characterized by low-molecular-weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, and progressive renal failure. Common features are also rickets or osteomalacia, growth retardation, and short stature. We report the case of a boy affected by Dent's disease, treated with recombinant human growth hormone (GH). Dent's disease was diagnosed at 6.5 years of age on the basis of the inactivating mutation in CLCN5 gene. The boy had also dysmorphisms, mild mental retardation, and short stature (<−3 SD), in addition to the typical renal alterations of the syndrome. Target height was 180 cm (0.6 SD). GH therapy was started at a chronological age of 11 years and 6 months, with a bone age (Greulich and Pyle method) of 9 years; growth velocity was 3.4 cm/year (−2.6 SD) and creatinine clearance 81 ml/min/1.73 m2 (normal range 89–165). After 6 months of GH treatment (40 mcg/kg/day), height increased from 124.5 cm (−3.4 SD) to 128.8 cm (−3.1 SD), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels increased from 57.8 ng/ml (88–770) to 150 ng/ml, and creatinine clearance was 75 ml/min/1.73 m2 (70–120 range for >12 years). After 1 year on GH therapy, height was 132 cm (−2.9 SD), growth velocity 7.5 cm/year (3.2 SD), bone age 10 years, IGF-I level 177 ng/ml, and creatinine clearance 109 ml/min/1.73 m2. After 2 years on GH therapy, height was 138.5 cm (−2.8 SD), growth velocity 6.5 cm/year (−0.1 SD), bone age 10.5 years, IGF-I level 393 ng/ml, and creatinine clearance 119 ml/min/1.73 m2. Our preliminary findings showed beneficial effect of GH treatment on growth velocity and renal function parameters. Further, follow-up is needed to confirm these preliminary positive results. GH treatment should be considered in children with Dent's disease and short stature since extremely positive effects on linear growth and renal function can be obtained. Only three patients with Dent's disease treated with GH have been reported in the literature, all showing encouraging results. Unfortunately, the small number of patients reported does not allow to draw definitive conclusions on the beneficial effect of GH treatment.


This research is conducted to identify the potential influence of robo advisory, equipped with its features and technological improvements that would aid and assist in investment decision, and compare the relevancy as well as its efficiency to human financial advisor. The objective of this research is to study the discourse of robo advisor's phase of development and the understanding on behavioral aspect in financial investment, in order to gain proper understanding on investor's preference in accessing financial advisory services in order to aid in their investment decision. In this respect, the research is conducted through qualitative study, conducted through the process of interviewing a sample of respondents with substantial experience and exposure to financial investment, and had utilized financial advisory services, in which their response are further studied in a case basis through Analytic Hierarchy Process, to find out the relevance and the potency of robo advisors in comparison to human financial advisors in adjusting to investor's investment decision as well as detecting behavioral investment pattern to determine its preferences to either alternatives of financial advisory. The result of the research indicates stronger preferences to human financial advisors rather than robo advisors, and emphasizes financial literacy as the most influential criteria in determining financial investment decisions.


How to Cite this Article: Ali Mehrabi Tavana. Future Laboratories in the Medical Field. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2017; 7: 105 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non‐commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. Letter to the Editor


Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hematoma (SRH) is a potentially fatal and diffi cult to diagnose clinical entity defi ned as bleeding into the retroperitoneal space without associated trauma or iatrogenic manipulation. We present a case of after acute myocardial infarction involving anticoagulant agents.


Sex differences in hand-carrying of books were observed in 253 college students, replicating Jenni's (1976) findings. Higher intetrater reliability was reported with the less complex classification system, and the new category of "backpack book carrying" was observed more frequently in males than in females.


Mary Malcolm Damms (nee Dickinson) was one of three siblings (James, Mary, and Jean) who qualified in medicine. She followed her father into general practice in Wombwell, a Yorkshire mining …


Abstract A comparative cytogenetic analysis was carried out in two sympatric fish species of the genus Characidium, C. gomesi and C. cf. zebra, from the Paraná basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Although both species showed the same diploid number (2n = 50) and a similar karyotypic macrostructure, an interspecific diversity was detected concerning the distribution of the C-bands and the nucleolar organizing regions in the karyotypes, as well as the sex chromosomes. A ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system was detected in C. gomesi, where the W chromosome appears fully heterochromatic and with a small size than Z chromosome. This species also presented a triploid female specimen bearing one W and two Z chromosomes. In C. cf.zebra heteromorphic sex chromosomes were not found. These data are discussed concerning the characterization of the regional ictiofauna and its evolutionary aspects.


Static zone electrophoresis is an electrokinetic method of separating macromolecules and small particles. However, its application for the isolation of biological cells and concentrated protein solutions is limited by sedimentation and convection. Microgravity eliminates or reduces sedimentation, floatation, and density-driven convection arising from either Joule heating or concentration differences. The advantages of such an environment were first demonstrated in space during the Apollo 14 and 16 missions. In 1975 the Electrophoresis Technology Experiment (MA-011) was conducted during the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project flight. In 1979 a project was initiated to repeat the separations of human kidney cells. One of the major objectives of the Electrophoresis Equipment Verification Tests (EEVT) on STS-3 was to repeat and thereby validate the first successful electrophoretic separation of human kidney cells. Attention is given to the EEVT apparatus, the preflight electrophoresis, and inflight operational results.


Nonlinear fracture analysis of rubber‐like materials is computationally challenging due to a number of complicated numerical problems. The aim of this paper is to study finite strain fracture problems based on appropriate enrichment functions within the extended finite element method. Two‐dimensional static and quasi‐static crack propagation problems are solved to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Complex mixed‐mode problems under extreme large deformation regimes are solved to evaluate the performance of the proposed extended finite element analysis based on different tip enrichment functions. Finally, it is demonstrated that the logarithmic set of enrichment functions provides the most accurate and efficient solution for finite strain fracture analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Restricted Access. Gas and Galaxy Evolution, ASP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 240. Eds. John E. Hibbard, Michael Rupen, and Jacqueline H. van Gorkom. San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2001,


Horseshoe crab populations are declining worldwide, and Tachypleus tridentatus (Leach, 1819) has recently been classified as Endangered in the IUCN Redlist. Among the keys for species survival is successful reproduction. Although there are reports on the reproduction, particularly details on the spawning behaviour, of the American species, Limulus polyphemus (Linnaeus, 1758), information on Southeast Asia species is very scant. This field study reports the nesting activities of T. tridentatus at Jambongan Island, Sabah, Malaysia. Observation were carried out on 16 spawning pairs that were spotted during full and new moon from April-July 2016 in Sabah. Nest placements, number of nests, number of eggs, time spent at each nest, and nest widths, depth, and distance from the highest tide line were recorded for each pair. Tachypleus tridentatus generally laid an average of 967 ± 54.1 eggs/nest (171–2,282) in as many as nine nests on the intertidal zone between 125 and 940 cm from the highest tide. The first nest was dug once the tide began rising, followed by the consecutive nests towards the highest tide line with nest depths ranging between 13 and 22 cm. The complete spawning session (first nest to the last) ended in less than two hours. Time spent in spawning correlates positively with the number of nests and the total number of eggs laid by each spawning female. The spawning area, which is made up mainly by fine and medium-size sediment grains, also experience stable temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen conducive for egg-laying and larval development for successful reproduction. The details of spawning are important for planning successful future conservation initiatives for the species, especially in tropical regions.


Objective To study the practical erperience of pyloric sphincter incision and figuration for the patients who undertook the uppergastrectomy. Methods There were 44 patients received uppergastrectomy from 1998 to 2002,we compared the rate of severe gastricism and gastric empty dysfunction without pyloric incision with the patients who received uppergastrectomy plus pyloric sphincter incision and figuration in the up-gastrectomy Result There was no complication such as gastricism,leakage of .anastomosis and so on happened in all 21 patients ,one of the patients had leakage of anastomosis and three had severe gastricism in contrasting group the rate is 13%. Conclusion Uppergastrectomy plus pyloric sphincter incision and figuration is significantly helpfu to patients in decreasing the rate of gastricism and leakage of anastomosis after operation.


Retailers` social responsibility is treated in the literature in association with such topics as trade justice, ethics, or fairness. The concept can be defined according to various dimensions, involving characteristics such as quality products, price fairness, honesty, and ethical interactions with consumers. This paper aims to evaluate students' attitude towards retailers` social responsibility in implementing the strategic and tactical decisions about product, price, distribution and promotion. It is based on a qualitative research exploring the opinions of the students in business administration about this issue, both as consumers and prospective decision makers in the retail sector. The research was conducted in two focus groups, where the students played the roles of "consumers", respectively "managers". It was found out that there were differences in the responses of the two groups. The members of the "consumers" group were emotionally involved and they preferred a demand driven approach that focuses on finding solutions to their needs, while the members of the "managers" group have adopted a more detached attitude and they were concerned with the identification of gain as a consequence of social responsibility actions.


We cloned a new serine protease gene from the marine annelid, Arenicola cristata by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full-length cDNA of 901bp contained an open reading frame of 774bp encoding 258 amino acids. Sequence analysis of the deduced amino acids indicated that this protease belonged to serine protease family and contained highly conserved sequence GDSGGP. An expression vector, harboring the mature peptide of Arenicola cristata protease, was constructed and transformed into E.coli. The purified recombinant protein could inhibit proliferation of cancer cells in a dose-dependant way and induce apoptosis. These results indicated that the recombinant protease of Arenicola cristata, as a new member of serine protease family, might be valuable in developing anti-tumor agents.


We demonstrate the fabrication and nonlinear optical (NLO) characterization of chalcogenide glass thin films obtained from the solution phase driven approach. The characterization of the films was ahieved using FESEM, AFM, micro-Raman, FTIR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, optical profilometry and XRD. The NLO studies were performed on the solution driven and thermally deposited As2S3 films with ∼2ps, 800nm laser pulses using the Z-scan technique. The results obtained from AFM measurements demonstrated that the surface roughness of the film was considerably low (∼2nm) and Z-scan data indicated that the nonlinear refractive index was in the 1.0–11.0×10−18m2/W range.


At present, consistent work is being carried out in Kazakhstan to ensure stability in all spheres of public life, the stability of the domestic system of power and administration, predictability and openness of power structures.


Poly(vinyl cinnamate) was chosen as a model alignment layer material, and its thin films were prepared and treated by various combinations of rubbing and linearly polarized ultraviolet light exposure. The surface morphology and polymer segmental orientation of the treated films were investigated in detail. Moreover, anchoring and alignment behaviors of nematic liquid crystals in the treated film surfaces were examined. The measured anchoring and orientation behaviors have been attempted to be understood with taking into account the surface characteristics and the oriented polymer chain segments of the films and their specific interactions.


The proportion of women to men in the Indian population is disturbingly low and continues to decline. This decline is a reflection of sex differentials in mortality, arising out of the unequal acce...


Abstract : The purpose of this report is to show that deep nulls can be imposed at specified locations in planar array antenna using phase-only control of coarsely quantized phase shifters. This is done by using the number of phase shifters available for control in the columns of the array to compensate for the small number of bits of the individual phase shifters. Null synthesis algorithms are derived to calculate phase shifts to impose nulls in the phi equals 0 degrees pattern cut of planar array antenna patterns. Results of calculations are presented in this report. Keywords include: Planar array antennas, Phase quantization, Phase-only weight control, and Null synthesis.


The argument that rural development serving the needs of rural villagers in the third world should be based on indigenous knowedge is not new. In practice, however, development projects continue to be based on Anglo-European models. In this paper I examine what development anchored in indigenous knowledge and indigenous epistemology entails as seen from the perspective of an indigenous Pacific Islander. I show that the Kwara'ae of Malaita, Solomon Islands, have a rich and complex conception, body of knowledge, and discourse about devel- opment, much of which precedes western contact. keywords: indigenous knowledge, indigenous epistemology, Kwara'ae, modern- ization, rural development, Solomon Islands


The invention provides an additive for a thermal insulation paint, which comprises microcapsule vitrified microbead, nano oxide, dispersant, modifier, thickening agent, defoaming agent and water, wherein the microcapsule vitrified microbead is prepared by filling a phase-change energy storage material in the hollow part of the vitrified microbead and coating a seal film composed of acrylic acid and first nano silicon dioxide on the surface. The invention also provides a preparation method of the additive and a water-based paint containing the additive. The water-based paint containing the additive has the advantages of obvious thermal insulation effect, great difference between the coating surface temperature and space temperature, and favorable thermal insulation effect.


In 1937 when the International Exposition of Arts and Technology in Modern Life opened in Paris on May 24, international relations were in a perilous state. In two years the Second World War would break out. Already Hitler had reoccupied the Rhineland. Mussolini had defied the League of Nations and had conquered Abyssinia. Civil war raged in Spain. Japan invaded China. In France the divisions between parties of the Right and of the Left had led to violent civil disturbances. In 1936, the socialist leader Leon Blum formed a government of the Front Populaire, a coalition of radical and socialist elements. He secured an end to the strikes that were paralyzing industry. He could not, however, achieve the support of the financiers and industrialists necessary for national fiscal reform, and the country fell into near bankruptcy. Early in 1937 there were confrontations at Clichy between the police and communist demonstrators that


The taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Liotesba Scheerpeltz, 1965 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Xantholinini) are studied. Four new species are described: Liotesba fengyangshana sp. nov. from Zhejiang, Liotesba recticeps sp. nov. from Sichuan, Liotesba expansipalpis sp. nov. from Hubei and Liotesba ovaticeps sp. nov. from Sichuan. Six known species are also redescribed in detail due to insufficient original description and lack of modern data. The genus Liotesba is therefore increased by four species to 17 species. A key to species and a distribution map for all known species are provided. Phylogenetic analysis is conducted for 12 terminal taxa (10 Liotesba species and two other Xantholinini species as outgroups) based on 58 characters and results in two most parsimonious trees (consistency index = 0.47, retention index = 0.40, L = 154). By mapping the morphology of labrum and aedeagus of 10 species onto the phylogenetic trees, perspective evolutionary trends of the two characters are exhibited: the aedeagus possessing the spinulate inner sac may be primitive, and the labrum with protruding median teeth may have evolved more than once within the genus Liotesba. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8706FA00-904F-4993-961D-0E001557AB86


In this paper, stable atmospheric-pressure argon, nitrogen or air glow discharges driven by a radio-frequency power supply with water-cooled, bare copper electrodes are obtained by employing a newly-designed plasma generator. Due to the existence of the intensified local electric field by using an insulated tungsten wire between the two bare copper electrodes, which is also verified by the modelling results, the experimental measurements show that stable glow discharges of argon, nitrogen or air can be obtained following a local breakdown process in the vicinity of the tungsten wire under lower applied voltages between the electrodes.


Background and purpose:  Increases in intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) augment the release/secretion of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1). As cAMP is hydrolysed by cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs), we determined the role of PDEs and particularly PDE4 in regulating GLP‐1 release.


The present application discloses an arrangement for determining the work of the processor core systems, methods and devices. The present application discloses a means for calculating, method and a storage medium, said calculating includes determining the operational arrangement of the processor core. In an embodiment, the device may preferably comprise one or more cores in processor identification processor cores, devices and / or circuits. One or more processors, devices and / or circuitry may be configured to determine whether to migrate or to migrate out of the thread preferably nucleus. In some embodiments, the determination may be performed by a process algorithm executed by the driver and / or power control unit of the processor.


The improvement in the performance of computers has prompted an increase in machine translation (MT) research. In general, MT methods are rule-based and convert the source language into the target language based on information obtained by morphologic, syntactic, and semantic analysis. As an alternative approach, we have developed an MT method taking advantage of the connectivity relationship between words, instead of using syntactic and semantic analysis. Our MT method converts the source language into the target language by permuting translated words based on the unique relationships among individual words and hence has the advantage that it uses only morphemic information. To demonstrate our method, we present results from an experimental translation system constructed on a personal computer, in which 200 sentences extracted from IEICE Transactions are translated. The fraction of sentences successfully translated was 60% for English-Japanese translation and 57% for Japanese-English translation. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 28(8): 74–83, 1997


In the field of dentistry, new treatment protocols are budding day by day to combat human ailments in a much better way. One such advancement is the application of ozone in dentistry.Ozone has several properties includes analgesic,immunostimulant and antimicrobial properties.This review throws light on the history,properties, biological actions and uses in the field of dentistry,contraindications of ozone.


A 73-year-old man with a history of bronchial adenocarcinoma with metastases to the brain, liver and vertebrae presented to our emergency medicine department. He had a history of an acutely painful swollen left leg with …


The metopes on the east side of the Parthenon present fewer problems of interpretation than those of the other three sides for two main reasons. First, they are still in place on the building, so that we are sure of the sequence. Second, it is still possible to make out certain details which enable us to identify some of the figures. Today there is no longer a shadow of a doubt that the battle between the gods and the giants is shown on the east metopes. But unanimity about the identification of all the divinities in the gigantomachy has not been achieved nor have all problems of interpretation been solved. Let us first consider in which of the metopes on the east side the divinities are clearly identifiable. It is certain that the god in Metope 2 is Dionysos. The snake and, above all, the feline with him guarantee the identification.1 We may also be sure that the goddess of Metope 4 is Athena (pl. 29, fig. 1), since the garment behind the figure could only be an aegis.2 The little image behind Athena who appears to be flying has been correctly interpreted as Nike.3 The figures in Metope 6 must surely be Poseidon and the giant Polybotes;4 although doubts have been expressed about the identification of Poseidon in Metope 6,5 there are no overwhelming objections.6 Metope 11 (pl. 29, fig. 2), like Metope 4, has three figures. It is generally accepted that the youthful figure on the left side of the metope who, according to the consensus, clearly fights on the side of the gods, can only be Eros,7 and it follows that the divinity beside him must be either Aphrodite or Ares. It is worthy of note that in the famous gigantomachy in the Louvre by the Suessula Painter, which has, indeed, many close links with the gigantomachy of the Parthenon metopes,8 Eros and Ares fight together.' In Metope 11 the divinity beside Eros does not appear to be clad in a garment to the feet, which almost certainly rules out Aphrodite.10 It is preferable to call the figure Ares. Until now, scholars have not considered the possibility that the central figure is Ares, because they identified Ares as the god holding a large shield" in Metope 3 (pl. 29, fig. 3). We shall return to the subject of Metope 3 below. Since Ares and Eros appear on Metope 11, the goddess on neighboring Metope 12 (pl. 29, fig. 4) is correctly identified as Aphrodite,12 and it is possible to show that Metopes 11 and 12 are closely linked. The gigantomachy of the east metopes is, as has often been observed, a closed composition.'3 The figures in the right and left wings move toward the center where the figure of Zeus stands.14 Eros, Ares and Aphrodite, however, are not moving toward the center but away from it, no doubt for the sake of the composition.15 The sculptor who designed the gigantomachy must not only have had aesthetic considerations in mind, but he also meant to make it clear that the divinities in Metopes 11 and 12 belong to-


An experimental study was carried out to study the solid-liquid mixture upward hydraulic transport of solid particles in a vertical and inclined annulus with rotating inner cylinder. Lift forces acting on a fluidized particle plays a central role in many importance applications, such as the removal of drill cuttings in horizontal drill holes, sand transport in fractured reservoirs, sediment transport and cleaning of particles from surfaces, etc. In this study a clear acrylic pipe was used in order to observe the movement of solid particles. Annular velocities varied from 0.4 to 1.2 m/s. Effect of annulus inclination and drill pipe rotation on the carrying capacity of drilling fluid, particle rising velocity, and pressure drop in the slim hole annulus have been measured for fully developed flows of water and of aqueous solutions. For higher particle volume concentration, the hydraulic pressure drop of mixture flow increases due to the friction between the wall and solids or among solids.


Up until now, there has been limited research about extraction of roasted Arabica coffee beans in order to produce coffee oil. It is necessary to conduct further studies related to the effect of roasting time and the temperature needed to extract coffee oil sourced from roasted coffee beans to obtain standard physicochemical characteristics. This study aims to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of coffee oil extracted using maceration method by varying the temperature and time of roasting coffee beans. This study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) Factorial with the roasting temperature of coffee (S) consisting of three levels, namely S1 = 165 0 C (light), S2 = 185 0 C (medium), S3 = 195 0 C (dark), and the roasting time consisted of three the level is L1 = 20 minutes, L2 = 40 minutes and L3 = 60 minutes. The results showed that the yield of coffee oil produced was 5.7% -16.0%, specific gravity 0.93-0.97, saponification number 185.61-188.70 mgKOH/g, and acid number 1.30- 2.87 mg/g. The best treatment was obtained in coffee oil with a roasting temperature of 195 0 C and a roasting time of 20 minutes which had the highest yield of 15.3%, specific gravity 0.97, saponification number 188.57 mg KOH/g, and acid number 1.60 mg/g. The results of the analysis of the composition of coffee oil using chromatography gas mass spectra, the main fatty acids in coffee oil are linoleic acid (47.3%) and palmitic acid (36.6%).


Supplemental irrigation (SI) ensures an efficient conjunctive use of green and blue water resources in dryland cropping by alleviating the negative impacts of precipitation shortages and drought spells on plant growth and production. The management of SI at the field level is well documented but little is known about planning at basin scale. This work uses a geographic information system‐based modelling approach together with suitability criteria to identify potential areas for expanding SI at scale. A spatial water allocation algorithm is developed to model SI water allocation using data layers consisting of climate surfaces, classified land‐use maps, and a digital elevation model. Areas are prioritized stepwise, according to land suitability, until the available water is fully utilized.


While lies have attracted philosophical attention since antiquity, phenomena in the near area have generated considerably less interest. Lately, however, Max Black and Harry Frankfurt have visited a close relative: humbug or bullshit, as it's either more politely or more rudely called. In this article their views on humbug and bullshit are exposed, explained, critiqued, and, ultimately, rejected. An alternative view is then proposed and defended.


Here we prove that if G has independence no. 2 and clique size omega with omega less than or equal to 11, then (1) chromatic no. is less than or equal to (omega2+12omega-13)/8, if omega is odd, and (2) chromatic no. is less than or equal to (omega2+10omega)/8, if omega is even. We further conjecture that the results are true in general for all omega. We also conjecture that (A) if omega is odd and R(3, omega) is even, then R(3, omega) = (omega2+8omega-9)/4, (B) if omega and R(3, omega) are both odd, then (omega2+8omega-13)/4, (C) if omega and R(3, omega) are both even, then R(3, omega) = (omega2+6omega)/4 and (D) if omega is even and R(3, omega) is odd, then (omega2+6omega-4)/4. Again we verify the results for omega less than or equal to 9.


Abstract A theory is developed for non-stationary oscillations in cyclotron resonance masers with a Fabry—Perot resonator in which electrons guided by the external magnetic field parallel to the mirrors piano may effectively interact with both counterrunning waves that form the resonator field. General equations are obtained and space-time evolution of envelope amplitudes of both waves is studied. It is shown that as the beam current grows, stationary oscillations are changed by self-modulation radiation which gradually gets more and more complicated and finally changes to stochastic oscillations.


We have studied on an evaluation method to assess the structural soundness of the long-span suspension bridges taking into account of the condition of the suspender ropes, such as the break of the suspender rope.This paper reports that an analytical study for Innoshima Bridge which is a long-span suspension bridge with a central span length of 770m, focusing on the effects of the modelling of the entire bridge model, the condition of cable members, and the analysis method.


Bicycle infrastructure planning requires reliable data. For motorized traffic a variety of data is available in German cities to enable goal-oriented traffic planning. For cycling on the other hand only limited data in the form of few punctual counts is available. The data collection takes place either through permanent counting devices or manual counts. The permanent counting devices enable continuous data supply and analysis of the main network but are not distributed enough around the cities to enable conclusions for the sub network. One solution for this problem could lay within GPSdata generated by the riders themselves, e.g. using smartphone applications like Strava or BikeCitizens. Previous studies on GPS-data yielded promising results on the network coverage and velocity of recorded routes. The interpretation of aggregated GPS-data however poses a new problem as conclusions on individual users cannot be drawn for privacy reasons. To tackle this problem knowledge about traffic behavior of different groups of cyclists is necessary. The existing typologies of cyclist behavior are however insufficient as they usually only concentrate on one or two factors such as the skill level (Wilkinson et al, 1994), the biography (Jones, Chatterjee, & Gray, 2014), the frequency of cycling (Larsen & El-Geneidy, 2011), every day and leisure cyclists (Reiche, Froitzheim & Fahrrad-Club, 1998) or the selfperception of the cyclists (Geller, 2006). Another more complex typology by Damant-Sirois (2014) includes more criteria but the sportive aspect of cycling is missing here. Overall, the existing typologies are differing in their content and cannot easily be integrated into a single model. Also, a theoretical basis is usually missing. In most cases, empirical data was collected but categories were built based on qualitative aspects and not statistical methods. This research gap is addressed in the following study. A comprehensive questionnaire based on an analysis of all major studies in this field as well as literature research was set up. The influence of individual, route and environmental factors on cycling behavior, as well as instrumental, symbolic and affective motives is also examined, and infrastructural preferences are recorded. The results of a nation-wide online-survey, conducted in December 2017, are presented (n = 10,500 participants). The general research question is: Which types of cyclists exist and how can they be described? The survey participants include employed persons (76%), students and trainees (14%) and pensioners (5%) of different gender (40% female, 60% male), age (M = 40.8) and income (average income between 2,000 and 3,000 Euro). Many of the participants are cycling regularly with 55% who cycle almost daily, but also 20% who walk, 10% use public transport and another 10% use a private motor vehicle almost daily. The online-survey serves as the basis for an empirically and scientifically derived multidimensional typology of cyclists. The cyclists are grouped with factor and cluster analyses, the socio-economic factors and cyclist's socialization are analyzed, and infrastructural preferences of the groups based on the stated preferences of the individuals will be derived. These user-typologies based on the stated behavior could help in the interpretation of GPS-data in the future, even without exact knowledge of the user group that the GPS-data is based on, as the infrastructural preferences of different groups are now A L iv el y E co n o m y


Rainfall in the Nama-Karoo is sporadic and a plant's ability to access and utilise available soil moisture will determine its ability to persist in the system and to successfully recruit. When summer rainfall in the Eastern Karoo increases, grassiness increases at the expense of shrub canopy cover. This may drive a transition from shrubland toward grassland. The effect of grass–shrub competition on shrub growth and phenology in the Eastern Karoo is not adequately explained by the root–niche separation hypothesis or the succession hypothesis. In an experiment, we measured shrub growth and phenology in the absence (clipping treatment) and presence (control treatment) of grass over the 2017/2018 rainfall season. Grass clipping changed grass species composition over this period, but grass clipping did not benefit shrubs. We found no competitive effect of grasses on shrubs. However, shrub canopy cover showed a strong linear response to soil moisture, as did canopy cover to temperature. Similarly, soil moisture and temperature were important for stem growth and shrub phenology. Patterns of shrub growth and phenology in response to summer and winter rainfall provide important insight for land managers for optimising production while enabling phenological processes that allow recruitment to take place.


This research is empirical research, meaning research that is conducted through a scientific method based on two sets of variables. Using YOUTUBE (x) in teaching Arabic (y) for the intensive class in Islamic boarding school, Padang Panjang. As for the quantitative approach, it is the approach that uses realistic, objective, measured, logical, and organized scientific bases on the existence of numbers and analyzes them using the statistical method. The result of the research is the use of YOUTUBE in intensive Arabic language teaching in the Islamic boarding school of Padang Panjang in the experimental class, with a grade of very good. As for the results of the pre-test in the experimental class, they are with an average value of 64,45. And the results of the test The dimensionality in the experimental class has an average value of 83.7. The t-arithmetic is 2.701 higher than the t-table is 2.110. Then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, so the conclusion is that there is an effective YOUTUBE use and raises the result of intensive Arabic language education in Islamic boarding school (Islamic boarding school Padang Panjang).


This article reflects the specificity of the activity of public catering enterprises in the Tyumen region. It presents the results of the evaluation of the network of public catering enterprises in the region center. The obtained data determine the problem and identify the prospects of the development of this industry in the city.


Nickel oxide (NiO) thin films were prepared by reactive pulsed laser deposition on thermally oxidized Si substrates in 10 Pa oxygen pressure. The substrate temperature during deposition was varied and its influence on the structural, electrical and nanomechanical properties was studied. It was proved that the structural properties were affected by the increase of substrate temperature improving the crystalline structure. Furthermore, a higher substrate temperature resulted in a thicker NiO film, which


i ABSTRACT Active packaging systems can offer significant advantages in preventing quality loss in horticultural products through control of microbial and/or physiological activity. By delivering and sustaining volatile active agents at effective levels in a package atmosphere, significant shelf life extension can thus be achieved. Design of these systems is complicated by the number of possible package, product, active agent and carrier combinations that can be employed and the significant interactions that may occur between these components. Mathematical modelling can be used to simplify system design and reduce the number of experimental trials required to achieve optimal active packaging systems. In this study a generalised modelling methodology was developed and validated to facilitate the design of active controlled volatile release packaging systems for horticultural products.Active packaging systems can offer significant advantages in preventing quality loss in horticultural products through control of microbial and/or physiological activity. By delivering and sustaining volatile active agents at effective levels in a package atmosphere, significant shelf life extension can thus be achieved. Design of these systems is complicated by the number of possible package, product, active agent and carrier combinations that can be employed and the significant interactions that may occur between these components. Mathematical modelling can be used to simplify system design and reduce the number of experimental trials required to achieve optimal active packaging systems. In this study a generalised modelling methodology was developed and validated to facilitate the design of active controlled volatile release packaging systems for horticultural products. The modelling methodology was developed using an example system which comprised tomatoes packed under a modified atmosphere (MA; 5 % (v/v) CO2 and 10 % (v/v) O2) in a LDPE bag with a polymer film sealed sachet containing silica gel pre-saturated with the antifungal agent hexanal. Experimental trials showed that for this system a target sustained hexanal concentration of 40-70 ppm was required. This was shown to be (i) the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for controlling Botrytis cinerea growing on tomatoes stored at 20°C and ~99%RH, (ii) to have only a relatively minor influence on the postharvest quality of tomatoes under these active MA conditions, and (iii) to promote only a small apparent uptake of hexanal from the atmosphere by the tomatoes. The effective hexanal permeabilities of Tyvek, LDPE and OPP sachet films were characterised using the isostatic method and shown to exhibit a dependence on both temperature (10 and 20°C) and concentration (over a range of 0.01-0.22 mol⋅m). Average permeabilities decreased in the order of Tyvek > LDPE > OPP, respectively, at all temperatures at comparable hexanal partial pressures. Hexanal sorption isotherms for silica gel at both 10 and 20oC were determined using the gravimetric method and were reasonably well described by the Langmuir equation. The equilibrium amount adsorbed was significantly reduced at the higher temperature but the ii Mathematical Modelling of Active Packaging Systems for Horticultural Products pre-adsorption of water vapour on hexanal uptake on silica gel showed no uniform trend on the sorption characteristics suggesting that multicomponent sorption is complex. A generalised modelling methodology was developed through conceptualising key mass transfer processes involved in these active MA packaging systems. Quantitative methods for deciding the relative importance of each process were established together with guidelines for when simplifying assumptions could be made. This information was formalised into a decision tree to allow appropriate assumptions to be made in model formulation without unacceptable loss of model accuracy. Methods to develop generalised equations from these assumptions to describe changes in the sachet, package headspace and outer bag film with respect to an active agent and MA gases were then identified. The mathematical modelling methodology was applied to the example hexanal release active MAP tomato packaging system. For these systems there was a high initial peak in package headspace concentration during the first 24 h which declined to a quasi steadystate concentration over a period of days. The quasi steady-state headspace concentrations were generally in the MIC range and were well predicted by the model. Interactions between water vapour and silica gel may have been responsible for the relatively higher hexanal concentration at the onset of release from the Tyvek sachet (a highly porous material). However the influence of water vapour (>95% RH in the MA bag containing tomatoes) during the quasi steady-state period appeared to be insignificant for all sachet films. The model was successfully applied to a range of packaging configurations and storage temperatures. A lack of fit was evident between model predictions and experimental trials during the initial (unsteady-state) stages of the release pattern for both headspace vapour concentrations and adsorbed mass on the silica gel. These differences were attributed to (i) model input uncertainties, chiefly with regard to the estimated coefficients of both the Langmuir isotherm equation and film permeability, and (ii) overestimated effective permeability values predicted by extrapolation of the concentration dependence of film permeability beyond the conditions for which the permeability was measured. These results suggest improved models for the effective permeabilities of the films, quantified under a range of vapour concentrations and concentration gradients, are required for better describing fluxes across the sachet film.


A promising strategy for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important scaffold 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones through heterogeneous catalysis employing the principle of multicomponent reaction has been presented in this paper. For the purpose, a...


The aim of the mathematics education is the acquisition of "knowledge/skill of the mathematics" and "the mathematical thinking". Proving is a chain of the logic in mathematics and is "mathematical thinking" itself. So, proving is the domain that is important from a point of view that can evaluate the acquisition of enough "mathematical thinking". There is a variety of sense of values in the present situation of the proof using the ATP (Automated theorem proving). We should establish a clear vision as mathematics education in this situation. That is, in mathematics education, we should build sense of values for proof using the ATP newly. To that end, we fix contents of the mathematics, and it is necessary to prove them by using ATP. We would like to assume the aim the theorems of Euclid's Elements. Because the contents are the basics of the mathematical thinking. The proving is an important aim in the mathematics education, it is necessary to clarify new value by using the ATP as mathematics education.


In order to study the effect of plant growth regulators on Lycoris bulblets development,the carbohydrate contents and relevant enzyme activities were assayed after spraying CPPU,chlorocholine chloride(CC) and salicylic acid(SA) with low and high concentrations,respectively,on leaves at the green period.The results showed that the three plant growth regulators could effectively stimulate growth and development of the bulblets.The most effective treatment was achieved after application of 5mg / L CPPU,and the carbohydrate contents and enzyme activities increased accordingly.It was indicated that the CPPU enlarged the bulblets by promoting bulb nutrient metabolism and accelerating the accumulation of starch.However,the CC and SA probably expanded the bulblets size in other physiological ways besides nutrients metabolism.At the same time,β-amylase was considered to play an important role in the starch metabolism of the bulblets.


Modern day soils have been over-cropped, abused and depleted of organic matter and certain essential elements. Modern day agricultural practices greatly increase the rate of utilization and destruction of humic material. Any changes in natural conditions will result in changes in humus content of the soil. Some of these changes are irrigation, drainage, deforestation, frequent tillage and intensive cultivation of crops. All these changes lead to a rapid and marked change of the humus balance of the soil. The integrated use of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers not only increases the efficiency but can help in the substitution of chemical fertilizers. The use of HA is a promising natural resource to be utilized as an alternative for increasing crop production.


Light steel is used more and more in China Light s tee l-construction has a many advantages in the field of building This essay revolv e s around the design and calculation of welding the I-shaped crane beams The aut hor puts forward some practical methods in doing so


Life threatening cerebral oedema can occur following stroke or as a consequence of a brain tumour, and although its resolution is critical there is as yet no agreed therapeutic strategy. Corticosteroids have been used with some success in treating tumour-generated oedema (Kaal & Vecht, 2004), but the results following stroke are equivocal at best (Poungvarin, 2004). This is disappointing as well as unexpected because several cell culture and whole animal models have shown that dexamethasone, or hydrocortisone can improve blood–brain barrier function, especially following an ischaemic insult. A paper by Forster et al. (2006) in this issue of The Journal of Physiology is the latest of these, and demonstrates elegantly that glucocorticoid treatment of mice results in increased occludin and claudin-5 expression in brain, but not heart, capillaries. This was mirrored by the presence of the glucocorticoid receptor in the brain vessels and its absence in those of the heart, and by their nuclear translocation in cerebral, but not myocardial, endothelial cell lines. Glucocorticoids, however, have numerous targets that are often referred to as side-effects, but are more likely to dominate the outcome of prolonged treatment with high doses. It should be instructive to consider the different mechanisms that can come into play when a glucocorticoid is administered, and the dose at which it is given.

Glucocorticoid administration reduced vasoactive endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from 9L glioma cells implanted in mouse brain (Heiss et al. 1996) and the cerebral oedema associated with the implant. These effects were also glucocorticoid receptor dependent. As VEGF is an important mediator of cerebral oedema following ischaemia–reperfusion via opening the blood–brain barrier (Paul et al. 2001) it is likely that dexamethasone improves the blood–brain barrier in the vicinity of the tumour by reducing VEGF production. Similarly, Forster et al. (2006) found that removing fetal calf serum, once the culture was confluent, resulted in barrier tightening. It is reasonable to suppose that this was likely to be due to removing the growth factors that are in the serum, especially VEGF.

The water channel aquaporin-4 has been implicated in regulating brain water balance (Manley et al. 2004), and the absence of this water channel, which lies on the endothelial-facing membrane of astrocytes, affects the processes of resolving brain water overload. So oedema that results from water intoxication and early phase of focal ischaemia was much improved in mice that lacked this water channel, but they fared much worse from procedures that resulted in blood–brain barrier disruption. It seems that aquaporin-4 can form part of a protective mechanism, because it is rapidly up-regulated following trauma (Sun et al. 2003). Dexamethasone reduces aquaporin-4 expression when administered to adult sheep at human therapeutic doses (Ron et al. 2005) and may be part of an explanation for barrier enhancing effects being vitiated.

Recent work from Martha O'Donnell's laboratory at UC Davis points to another factor that may contribute to the lack of effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy. They have shown over the last few years that the Na-K-Cl cotransporter is activated in brain endothelium by low PO2 conditions (Foroutan et al. 2005). That this effect contributes to oedema that follows ischaemia was demonstrated by administering the cotransporter inhibitor bumetanide just before middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats: the resulting oedema and infarction were reduced (O'Donnell et al. 2004). Earlier work from that laboratory had shown the mechanism by which corticosteroid therapy can lead to glaucoma. The trabecular meshwork cells are richly supplied with the Na+–K+–Cl− cotransporter and low concentrations of dexamethasone resulted in greater transporter activity in cultured monolayers, and also transiently increased transporter protein expression (Putney et al. 1997).

The therapeutic potential for any treatment that activates the glucocorticoid receptor depends on whether its activation is involved in either of the deleterious effects of dexamethasone treatment, and there is no information on this point, which brings us back to considering the key questions that have been raised by the work that Forster et al. have presented in this issue. What is it about the myocardial endothelium that renders its glucocorticoid receptor immune from the advances of dexamethasone, while its cousin in the brain responds so well? Do the cerebral and myocardial endothelial cells show differences in Na+–K+–Cl− contransporter activation and aquaporin-4 inhibition? If these can be answered there may be a new target for developing a therapeutic tool.


Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) causes 40% of world
population at risk for infection and every year 50 million people get infected
and as many as 24,000 die. Incidence rate in Indonesia, particularly at
subdistrict of Maritengngae, District of Sidenreng Rappang, Sulawesi Selatan
is increasing, so that neet to controlled. Disease distribution has not been
documented regionally. The dynamics of the incidence that comprises
characteristics of the patient, environmental condition, susceptibility of
mosquitoes by use of insecticide consequence, transovarial ineffectiveness
and the incidence pattern are unknown.
Objective: To identify the incidence of DHF through spatio-temporal
approach, comprising gender, age, the habit of keeping water container
clean, house density and the availability of water container within the radius
of 100 meters from the house of the patient, resistance of the mosquito and
transovarial tranmission of dengue virus.
Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. Subject of
the study were DHF patients. Analysis used chi square, independent T-test,
retrospective space-time, absorbent value (AV) deviation standard and
transovarial transmission index (TTI).
Result: Incidence distribution in 2008-2009 for gender showed no difference
(p=1.000), age <15 years differed from age �15 years (p=0.016 and 0.013),
house density and availability of water container around the house of the
patient showed no difference (p=0.829 and 0.538). The habit of cleaning
water container at the house of the patient was 43.84%. Aedes aegypti had
medium resistance (1.94%) and contained dengue virus (TTI=33.33%).
Conclusion: There was no difference in the distribution of gender and house
density and availability of water container around the house of the patient, but
there was difference in age group in the incidence 2008-2009. Only a part of
the patient house with habit of cleaning water container. There were
insecticide resistance and transovarial tranmission of dengue virus in Aedes
aegypti mosquito.


Abstract—Psychological stability is needed to achieve success in investing especially for short-term investors. The moral values in behavior are believed to foster the psychological stability and this term can come from many factors. This study aims to explore the determinants of investment success in terms of deontological moral ethics, based on meaning of investment perception for investors and explore the meaning of significance implementation toward investor behavior. This study was used a qualitative interpretive paradigm and phenomenology deontology methods and attempted to explore the internalized values from investor's perception to uncover the moral ethics role for psychological tranquility within investment. The results showed that: The investor's perception and belief of investment and values, the reasons and motives of stock trading, and investors who had attention about the importance of similarity subjective and objective interests would have a high tranquility in investments. The conclusion of this research showed that the success investor was who appreciated the values, moral ethics, and cares with others in the case of make decision of investment. The implication of this research is, it is necessary to be an investor with a better perception about stock trading and a better cares with others to become a successful investor.


The rheometer, which measures the associated torque at controlled deformation, or, alternately, the associated deformation at controllable known torque, is an essential tool in food rheological studies. The modern rheometer consists of three main components: a measuring geometry, a torque transducer, and an angular displacement device. The geometry is very important; it is used to generate a particular deformation of a food material. In rheological measurements, the geometry is usually interchangeable and can be selected according to the physical state of the testing material. Thus, the selection of a measuring geometry (i.e., cone-plate, parallel plate, concentric cylinder, or capillary geometry) is critical if reliable and accurate rheological data are required. In this review, the basic concepts of rheological properties (viscosity and viscoelasticity) are summarized; working equations of several commonly used geometries are presented; nonideality of geometries (i.e., end effect, slippage, viscous heating, etc.) are discussed; working equations of standard geometries are given; and, finally, the design philosophy of newly developed features of several commercial rheometers are addressed.


SUMMARY The degree to which a binary tactile (or visual) image matches the original object is limited by the resolution of the sensor array. Given this fundamental limitation it is still possible to minimize the error in the image formed by the interconnection of the centers of activated sensors along the object's edge. This is achieved by a suitable choice of the physical size of each sensor within the limits of the pixel size. An empirical investigation shows that normally a sensor area of about 50% of the square of the resolution yields an optimal result.


The present research conducts an intricate economic analysis on targeted nutritional interventions for a specific demographic: 60 athlete-schoolchildren between the ages of 11 and 13 in Central Asia. These children are actively engaged in the ethno-intellectual sport of Togyz Kumalak which from an ethnohistorical perspective is a part of the socio-cultural heritage of the nomadic societies of Central Asia. Spanning a timeframe of 12 months, this multi-faceted study was articulated in a three-stage design framework. The initial stage involved a baseline assessment of the children's nutritional statuses, utilizing anthropometric measurements and dietary recall surveys as empirical tools. Medical experts and biologists collaborated to identify the economic implications of nutrient imbalances that could lead to metabolic disorders and subsequent healthcare costs. The second stage encompassed the formulation and execution of nutritional interventions that were economically vetted for sustainability and impact. These interventions were derived from the baseline data and involved dietary supplementation, counseling, and a well-balanced nutritional regimen designed in consultation with coaches, trainers, and parents. During this stage, economic considerations were central to the discourse as experts across disciplines expounded on the optimal ratio of vital macro- and micronutrients, adequate caloric content, and even distribution of nutrients throughout the day. Such a comprehensive approach to diet structuring amplifies the economic viability by elucidating how a balanced nutritional intake can enhance athletic and intellectual performance, impact competition outcomes positively, and improve post-training recovery – thereby potentially mitigating of long-term healthcare expenditures. The study culminated in a rigorous post-intervention assessment that employed both cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA) methodologies. The results revealed not only a statistically significant improvement in the nutritional statuses of the children but also confirmed the cost-effectiveness and scalability of the interventions implemented. The economic aspects were augmented by metrics that interlinked the immediate benefits of the interventions with broader economic considerations, such as the potential reduction in healthcare-related costs over time. Research contributes profoundly to public health dialogues, offering insights into the optimization of resources to heighten the general well-being and performance, particularly in the specialized arena of ethno-intellectual sports like Togyz Kumalak. It successfully straddles the crossroads of health economics, cultural sports, and public health, emphasizing the potential for integrative approaches in the amelioration and proliferation of community-centered health programs. This multifaceted economic analysis thus serves as a robust model for scalable and economically viable public health strategies that satisfy both individual health and community development needs.


The realization scheme of a typical vision-based augmented system is discussed from the view of hardware platform design and software implementation.Considering the balance between the performance and price of the hardware and the balance between the real-time and precision of the software,this paper realized the augmented reality experiment platform prototype system.For the similar research,it has certain reference significance.


This paper is concerned with the axiomatics of image scale-spaces. A major ingredient is the invariance under a family of scalings. A scaling can be de ned explicitly, but also through a system of ODE's. It is shown how existing PDE approaches for scale-spaces can be t into the axiomatic framework, either directly or with the help of Lie group methods.


Abstract Pyrrolidines and their derivatives are of great interest in medicinal chemistry and organic synthesis. Fluoropyrrolidines and (fluoroalkyl)pyrrolidines have been utilized in the preparation of medicinal drugs and also as organocatalysts. The synthesis of such compounds is achieved through the fluorination of pyrrolidine derivatives or by multistep synthesis from already containing fluoroalkyl precursors. 1 Introduction 1.1 General Interest of Fluorine-Containing Pyrrolidines 1.2 Fluoroalkylpyrrolidines and the Gauche Effect 2 Fluoropyrrolidines 2.1 3-Fluoropyrrolidines 2.2 3,3- and 3,4-Difluoropyrrolidines 2.3 3,3,4-Trifluoropyrrolidines 2.4 3,3,4,4-Tetrafluoropyrrolidines 3 (Difluoromethyl)- and (Trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidines 3.1 2-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidines 3.2 3- and 4-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidines 3.3 2-(Difluoromethyl)pyrrolidines 3.4 3- and 4-(Difluoromethyl)pyrrolidines 4 (Monofluoroalkyl)pyrrolidines 4.1 2-(Monofluoromethyl)pyrrolidines 4.2 2-(Monofluoroalkyl)pyrrolidines 4.3 2-(Monofluoroalkenyl)pyrrolidines 5 Conclusion


Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp, a Myrtaceae member, is widely distributed in Southeast Asian countries. The Malays and Indonesians consume the leaves regularly as Ulam (food). It has also been used in traditional medicine to treat several ailments, including gastritis, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diarrhea, skin diseases, diabetes and endometriosis. So far, many publications on the biological activity and chemical profile of the plant have been published. There is a need to thoroughly examine the articles and combine the major findings highlighting the potential utility of the species. Thus, the present study aimed to review the ethnopharmacology, morpho-anatomy, biological evaluation and chemical composition of S. polyanthum. In vivo, in vitro antibacterial, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidants, essential oil and chemical composition of S. polyanthum were searched in Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed. The investigations revealed that S. polyanthum is a medicinal plant with proven antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic and anti inflammatory activities. The plant had a substantial impact on human health. Chemical ingredients extracted and characterised are monoterpene, sesquiterpene, oxygenated monoterpenes, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The review found that the in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of S. polyanthum was well documented. In order to have conclusive results on the plant leaves efficacy, a well-designed clinical trial is required. Efforts should also be taken for long-term conservation and management.


AIM:A method was estabilished to study the pharmaeokinetics of ampiroxicam tablet in 16 Chinese heatlthy volunteers through HPLC test of piroxicam concentration in plasma.METHODS:Sixteen healt- hy volunteers received ampiroxicam tablet(a single oral dose of ampiroxicam 13.5,27mg and muhidose 13.5mg, qd×10d).Piroxicam concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The main pharmacoki- netic parameters of piroxieam were as followings:t_(1/2β):(59±s 5);(59±9)and(5 + 6)h;t_(max):(4.8±1.5),(4.3±1.3) and(4.4±0.7)h;c_(max):(1.20±0.20),(2.4±0.3)and(5.0±0.6)mg·L~(-1);V1/F:(10±3),(10±4)and (11±3)L;V/F:(12±3),(12±3)and(13±3)L;AUC_(0-1):(93±11),(223±40)and(122±23)mg·h·L~(-1);MRT_(0-1):(65±6),(68±8)and(69±9)h.CONCLUSION:HPLC test method to piroxicam is accurate, sensitive and reliable,coinciding to the process taken in a two-compartment open pharmacokinetie model and re- vealing the equality with other reported by domestic and imported articles.


Apnoea is a common disorder in preterm infants who may also suffer from neonatal hypertension. Conventional apnoea monitors used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) do not include features for measuring neonatal blood pressure and real-time remote monitoring. Smart devices to monitor this problem in resource-poor environments are expensive and sparsely available. This paper presents the development of a smart multiparameter infant apnoea monitor in a resource-poor setting. The circuit was designed and simulated in Proteus software. The signals were processed using Arduino mega microcontrollers. The microcontroller concurrently communicates apnoea events to the GSM modem and alarm which notify the doctor and caregivers by SMS alert and audible alarm, respectively. Preliminary testing on stable infants at the NICU of Lagos University Teaching Hospital showed promising results. The device can effectively be used to monitor apnoea in infants as well as transmit the results to the doctor in a remote location by SMS. It can also be used to monitor other parameters like oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate and blood pressure. The documented experiences will provide useful insights for smart infant apnoea monitor development in resource-poor environments.


Objective
To investigate the serum γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) level and its clinical significances in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-liver failure (LF) patients.

Methods
γ-GT levels were detected in 89 LF patients, 30 cases with cirrhosis and 30 healthy controls. Difference of serum γ-GT between survival group and death group in LF patients and dynamics of γ-GT after hospitalization were studied. Survival rate between γ-GT increase group and decrease group were compared. The associations of γ-GT with model for end stage live disease (MELD) and prealbumin were calculated.

Results
At baseline, the γ-GT levels in LF, cirrhosis and healthy control groups were (149.61±69.86), (123.96 ±59.52) and (48.28±10.25) U/L, respectively, the difference among groups was significant (F=178.150, P<0.05). The survival group in LF patients showed significant increase of γ-GT one week after hospitalization compared with death group ([75.27±10.34] vs [29.47±5.05], t=5.40, P<0.05). The γ-GT increase group showed higher survival rate than γ-GT decrease group [76.19% (48/63) vs23.08% [6/26], χ2=21.76, P<0.05]. Serum γ-GT level in LF patients was positively correlated with both MELD score and prealbumin (r=0.709 and -0.627, respectively, both P<0.05).

Conclusions
The rise of γ-GT may indicate a better prognosis in LF patients. Serum γ-GT positively correlates with prealbumin and both could reflect the regeneration of hepatocytes.

Key words:
Liver failure; Prealbumin; γ-glutamyl transferase


We present an experimental investigation on the creep behavior of molten polypropylene organically modified clay nanocomposites. The nanocomposite hybrids were prepared by melt intercalation in an extruder in the presence or absence of a compatibilizer. They were subsequently annealed and simultaneously characterized using high-temperature wide-angle X-ray diffraction and controlled stress rheometry. The creep resistance of compatibilized hybrids was significantly higher than that of uncompatibilized hybrids and also increased with annealing time. The microstructure of the nanocomposites as investigated by TEM and high-temperature WAXD showed the presence of clay crystallites dispersed within the polymer matrix. The creep data together with the microstructural investigation are probably indicative of a small amount of exfoliation from the edges of the clay crystallites during extrusion and annealing. The zero shear viscosity of the compatibilized nanocomposites containing greater than 3 wt % clay was at l...


The paper examines legal disputes regarding the possibility of taking interest of interest (anatocism) payed by the tax administrators in the Czech legal order. The aim of this paper is to assess the outcome of the above-mentioned disputes and to determine whether the current legislation still allows taking interest on interest in tax law. Author draws conclusions mainly from case law of the Czech Supreme Administrative Court and uses analysis, synthesis and descriptive method.


Stephanie Sandler's new book, which covers vast tracts of cultural and literary history through the optic of Pushkin veneration, is big and ambitious and, one is tempted to say, polymorphous. Refusing to dodge the first-person pronoun in its engagement with an awesome cultural institution, it comfortably spills over its boundaries as strict scholarly tome. At the same time, Commemorating Pushkin seems ever aware, in a tone both respectful and probing, of who and what has come before along this "people's path" that is anything but "overgrown" with the weeds of neglect. Pushkin museums; Pushkin anniversaries; films about Pushkin; the Pushkin studied (and created) by later poets and writers; ingenious interventions into classic texts; a viewpoint that chooses as interlocutors the finest commentators and thinkers from two centuries and two quite different cultural backgrounds and epistemes (Russian/Western, philological/postmodern, and so on)-it is all here. Sandler's writing is mature, confident, humane. Another distinct pleasure of this book is that it comes buttressed with a massive scholarly apparatus: a hundred pages of "reference matter," replete with scores of subtly argued explanatory notes that alone are worth the price of admission. At a time when scholarly publishing is seriously ailing (if not worse), Commemorating Pushkin gives us some reason to hope. Structurally, Commemorating Pushkin breaks down into an Introduction, seven chapters, and an Afterword. The Introduction sets the stage, skillfully pointing out the paradoxes inherent in the Pushkin myth-the obsession with the poet's death versus the insistence that "he lives," the public ("our") Pushkin versus the private ("my") Pushkin, etc. It then gets things started with readings of two poems, "The Prophet" ("Prorok," 1826) and "I have built myself a monument" ("Ia pamiatnik sebe vozdvig," 1836), that themselves have played key roles in mythologizing their author. Does Pushkin see himself as prophet (A la Soloviev), as poet tout court (a secular being), or as somehow straddling both? Chapter 1 establishes an immediate posthumous context by examining elegies of Lermontov ("The Death of the Poet" ["Smert' poeta," 1837]), Zhukovsky ("He was lying


2-Vinylphenylhydrazonyl chlorides (4) react with triethylamine in boiling benzene to afford the title compounds (6) in 54–72% yield, probably through nitrile imine intermediates (5).


In China,charity has had a long history.Love,pity and kindness are the traditional elements for people to show their love to the unfortunate.To show your kindness and make the justice done to favor the people is regarded as the morals can be the common values in China for a long time.All these make up the solid foundation of the concept of the traditional charity.Now,how to make full use of the morals so as to promote the charities in China is very necessary.


Tung tree (Vernicia fordii) is an economically important woody oil plant that produces tung oil containing a high proportion of eleostearic acid (∼80%). Here we report a high-quality, chromosome-scale tung tree genome sequence of 1.12 Gb with 28,422 predicted genes and over 73% repeat sequences. Tung tree genome was assembled by combining Illumina short reads, PacBio single-molecule real-time long reads and Hi-C sequencing data. Insertion time analysis revealed that the repeat-driven tung tree genome expansion might be due to long standing long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon bursts and lack of efficient DNA deletion mechanisms. An electronic fluorescent pictographic (eFP) browser was generated based on genomic and RNA-seq data from 17 various tissues and developmental stages. We identified 88 nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-encoding resistance genes, of which 17 genes may help the tung tree resist the Fusarium wilt shortly after infection. A total of 651 oil-related genes were identified and 88 of them were predicted to be directly involved in tung oil biosynthesis. The fewer phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC) genes, and synergistic effects between transcription factors and oil biosynthesis-related genes may contribute to high oil content in tung seeds. The tung tree genome should provide valuable resources for molecular breeding and genetic improvement.


In today's world, almost everything we do has been simplified by automated tasks. In an attempt to focus on the road while driving, drivers often miss out on signs on the side of the road, which could be dangerous for them and for the people around them. 85 percent of road accidents occur due to the drivers not being able to control or stop the car on time. So to prevent this we have come up with an idea of car crash prevention and detection and also detecting the road signs simultaneously. So, In our project, Traffic Sign Detection and recognition(TSDR) plays an important role here by detecting and recognizing a sign, thus notifying the driver through voice of any upcoming signs. TSDR application not only ensures road safety, but also allows the driver to be a little more at ease while driving on tricky roads. In car crash prevention and detection on normal roads we are going to implement a cheaper and easier way to stop accidents. For crash prevention we use ultrasonic sensors to detect and calculate the distance between cars to alert the driver using the LED and buzzer installed. Most of the time it has been seen that the injured person did not die from the injury suffered due to the accident but due to the late response from the emergency department. So, in crash detection we use GPS and GSM to locate the place of accident and alert the registered number about the accident. Keywords— Crash Detection, Crash Prevention, Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition, Convolutional Neural Network, Ultrasonic Sensor, GPS, GSM, Accelerometer


Nonverbal communication is one important component of communicative behaviors.In English class,teachers can utilize the nonverbal communication appropriately so as to create the vivid language environment,stimulate students' thinking,strengthen the communication between teachers and students,and improve the motivation of students.Meanwhile,teachers can also make teaching feedbacks timely,and improve the quality of teaching according to the students' nonverbal behaviors in the class.


With a long history as well as a long cultural origin,the folk song in Zunyi,one of the important intangible cultural heritages in the northern part of Guizhou,is mainly distributed in such areas as Daloushan,Wujiang river basin,and Chishui river basin.The folk songs can fall into mountain song,working song,canzonet,singing dancing and paddy song,which take two three-tone series based on little rhymes as the major melody;and the rhythms are legion,some being short-first-long-later-typed and some being free.The structure of libretto,featured by the combination of seven-character sentence,five-character sentence and the form of long-cum-short sentence,is based on solo,which is not only supplemented by chorus in harmony with the leading singer but accompanied by the form of antiphonal singing.


We introduce a new shared memory object: the write-and-f-array, provide its wait-free implementation and use it to construct an improved wait-free implementation of the fetch-and-add object. The write-and-f-array generalizes single-writer write-and-snapshot object in a similar way that the f-array generalizes the multi-writer snapshot object. More specifically, a write-and-f-array is parameterized by an associative operator $f$ and is conceptually an array with two atomic operations:
- write-and-f modifies a single array's element and returns the result of applying $f$ to all the elements,
- read returns the result of applying $f$ to all the array's elements.
We provide a wait-free implementation of an $N$-element write-and-f-array with $O(N \log N)$ memory complexity, $O(\log^3 N)$ step complexity of the write-and-f operation and $O(1)$ step complexity of the read operation. The implementation uses CAS objects and requires their size to be $\Omega(\log M)$, where $M$ is the total number of write-and-f operations executed. We also show, how it can be modified to achieve $O(\log^2 N)$ step complexity of write-and-f, while increasing the memory complexity to $O(N \log^2 N)$.
The write-and-f-array can be applied to create a fetch-and-add object for $P$ processes with $O(P \log P)$ memory complexity and $O(\log^3 P)$ step complexity of the fetch-and-add operation. This is the first implementation of fetch-and-add with polylogarithmic step complexity and subquadratic memory complexity that can be implemented without CAS or LL/SC objects of unrealistic size.


contractual international law among nations of like racial origin is possible. Emphasis by both schools on the individual state's ultimate freedom of decision, and introduction of such undefmable, extra-legal categories as "national life" or "existence," point to the readiness of the theory not to let German international practice be impeded at any time by legal obstacles. Actually, the author finds, both schools are merely the correlates of two successive stages in Hitler's foreign policies, the first aiming at the attainment of legal equality for Germany, the second directed toward the annexation of territories claimed as rightful parts of Greater Germany. Conceived to serve the political ends of National Socialism, like all sciences in Germany today, those theories can hardly be considered contributions toward the solution of the general problems of international law.


An AC shunt calibration system using a current‐bridge method is developed, and its measurement uncertainties are estimated. A comparison of the calibration results obtained using the current‐bridge method with the results using DC resistance and AC–DC difference methods was performed to verify the system. These comparison results show that the current‐bridge‐based system performs well with small measurement uncertainties for both the AC resistance and phase angle of the AC shunts up to 1 kHz. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


How financial management and accounting can be more closely integrated with all aspects of enterprise production and operation, and how to use modern information management tools to make financial information more accurate, fast and smoothly delivered to the relevant decision-making level and to avoid financial risks, have become new issues that need to be addressed. The purpose of this paper is to study the enterprise financial information management system based on data analysis algorithms. SQL server 2008 and efficient and simple JSP technology were used to implement the design of the functional modules. During the design of this paper, the BP neural network algorithm is analysed to evaluate and analyse the asset management in the financial management process, which effectively realises the intelligence of the financial management system.


Objective To improve the diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary mucormycosis(PM) by investigating imaging appearances of PM,including CT and PET-CT.Methods A retrospective analysis of unenhanced MSCT(n=14),dynamic enhanced MSCT(n=10) and 18F-FDG PET-CT(n=3) examinations was conducted in 14 patients with surgically and pathologically proven PM.Results CT findings:13 patients had multiple patchy consolidation.Nine had thick-walled cavitiess(n=26) and 4 had pulmonary embolism,1 had solitary irregular masses,3 had adjacent bronchus invasion,4 had pleural effusion,14 had no mediastinal adenopathy.All the patients after renal transplantation had varied ground-glass opacifications and interlobular septal thickenings.The solid portion of lesions had strong enhancement with CT attenduation of (25±8) HU.PET-CT findings:3 cases were found with homogeneously or inhomogeneously increased 18F-FDG uptake(SUVmax 6.2,4.6,3.6).Conclusions PM presents with widespread but lacked specific imaging features.A suggestive diagnosis could be made in some patients with imaging appearances of multiple thick-walled cavities,rapid changes,and complicated with pulmonary embolism or invaded bronchus and "sleevelet" sign.

Key words:
Mucormycosis;  Lung;  Tomography,X-ray computed;  Positron-emission tomography


The article primarily focuses on the innovative development of the economy. This article reveals the essence of innovation policy and the need for it to focus on creating favorable conditions for the business environment. Mixed-method research combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Data used in this research are based on a mix between primary and secondary sources. Secondary data were collected from Industry reports, books and other digital sources. This information was fundamental to perform a general analysis of the country current situation and the economic, and to understand which were the main point. Primary sources were collected through interview with scientists, entrepreneurs. Numerous studies have shown that the main core for significant change is always big business. Globally change the economy in a short time can only be done by the major business that has switched to new technologies. In the process of developing innovations, state support for the innovation environment of science, education and capital investments is fundamental. Now they are better supported. However, it is imperative that these measures should be continuous. For getting closer to the development level of leading countries, it is necessary to apply more measures. In this study, an attempt is made to develop a set of innovative policy measures that would, in the short term, from the point of view of technological development, get closer to the leading countries.


Conflicts of Interests Control Systems are an integral part of the international anti-corruption toolkit. Since the 1990s, some interventions to promote these systems have been more successful than others. This note presents a typology to identify systems that manage conflicts of interests impartially, are viable, are discretionally manipulated, or are dormant. It summarizes a political economy framework to account for the development of these different types. The main point of the framework is that political processes and institutional contexts matter. Stakeholders should pay particular attention to decisions about how they go about promoting reforms. The note is based on Guerzovich (2010), and builds on more than 300 in-depth interviews in the Americas and Europe as well as reviews of primary documents and secondary works.


Notes on the Diaries of Sir Justinian Isham, the fifth baronet of Lamport, would hardly be complete unless allusion were made to the origin of his house. He and his forefathers were ever careful to make a note of every family event, whether christening or burial, the building of a house, the planting of trees or the making of a pond. Sir Justinian added to the materials already to hand, and with the help of many friends among clergy and laity, including John Bridges, the Northamptonshire historian, he made collections from parish registers, wills, and other sources. From these he carefully put together the family pedigree, marking as certain that only for which he had ample evidence. His pedigree, representing the family tradition, has lately been proved to be correct in several steps; possibly the earlier portion may yet be confirmed. A manorial family of Isham dwelt at Isham from the twelfth to the fourteenth century. Isham is a village on the Isebrook. It has been suggested that in the fess wavy of the arms of the family there is an allusion to the brook, and that in the piles wavy we may see the icicles which play upon the name of the house.


The design of a three-stage filtration system to remove contaminating hydrogen sulphide from a supply of carbon dioxide for long-term tree growth experiments is described. The system is designed to treat a gas mix of 75% CO2 in air at a flow rate of 30 m3 h−1 originating from biogas at a waste water treatment plant. The concentration of H2S in the raw gas is 2500 µl l−1 and this is reduced to less than 1 µl l−1 by the filtration process. The three filtration stages consist of a recirculating liquid system using a self-regenerating solution of iron chelate, a dry iron oxide box, and drums containing activated carbon. Regular, low intensity maintenance is necessary to remove the precipitated sulphur compounds from the liquid system. The iron oxide and activated carbon need to be changed at three monthly and monthly intervals, respectively. The spent iron oxide is discarded, while the activated carbon is able to be regenerated using caustic soda solution. After filtering, the gas is diluted with ambient air ...


Although students of Ben Jonson's plays have long recognized his early apprenticeship in the Elizabethan popular theater, they have been slow to look for English dramatic sources and influences on his work. So persistently did Jonson attack the conventions of Elizabethan romantic drama in his prologues, prefaces, and inductions and so boldly did he put forward his own works as models of what "other playes should be"1 that later generations of readers have assumed, naturally enough, that Jonson's dramatic inspiration owes little to the theater of his


Facing, challenges of bandwidth limitation, high realtime and high computing, we propose a novel design of mobile digital video surveillance system (MDVS) in virtue of hardware-software co-design approach and TI DaVinci technology. GPRS is adopted as communication network without infrastructure installation. The hardware based on dual-core DM6446 and software design based on H.264 tackle bandwidth and real-time challenges excellently. With other peripherals, the design implements a wide range of MDVS functionalities such as motion detection, PTZ control, etc. The merits of low cost, low bandwidth, high flexibility, ease installation, convenient operation make the application can be applied in a variety of scenarios.


The Unity Rally (Marché Republicaine) in Paris on January 11, 2015, organized in the aftermath of the deadly attacks on the satirical journal Charlie Hebdo, was a spectacle staged to produce images of unity after an act of terror itself triggered by the global circulation of injurious visuals. In this paper I analyze the Unity Rally as a case study of the production of a contemporary public not merely by the consumption of but also by the collective production and circulation of media. How do publics witness themselves? While the Unity Rally was ostensibly spontaneous, I explore a series of institutional patterns, social needs and behaviors, technological infrastructures, and iconic templates involving state actors, private individuals, and communication networks to understand the overdetermined manner in which it was photographed.


Previous approaches for studying common allergenic epitopes have mainly focused on sequence comparisons, which unfortunately yield little or no information on the shape of the epitope which is the most important determinant of cross‐reactivity.


Carrot roots from Cultivar Esplanada were harvested 90 days after seeding, washed, selected and assigned to one of two treatments: intact root (IR) and 6 cm long cut roots (CR). Both were stored at 5 ± 1.5 oC, in completely randomized design with 4 replicates. Every week, during 7 weeks, it were evaluated the loss of mass, the relative water content, the dry mass content, the deterioration and the sprouting of both IR and CR and the production of Cenourete®. After 40 days in storage, the mass loss by intact and cut roots was lower than 2% of the initial mass. At the end of storage, wilted intact roots reached about 25% of the total root mass, while for cut roots this proportion was 5%. Sprouting of intact roots was observed from the 32nd day on and reached 15% of total root mass. Intact and cut roots with symptoms of soft rot were observed from day 11 on and reached 15 % of intact and 5% of cut total root mass. The relative water content increased lightly and the dry matter content decreased along storage for both treatments. With longer storage time of the raw material, the production yield of Cenourete® (kg Cenourete® / kg raw material) increased when cut roots were used. This increase was related with a lower effi ciency in the shaping operation when the raw material looses water and becomes less turgid together with processed root discolouration.