Transport through porous membranes was studied using ion flows through porous synthetic membranes. It was found that translocation of cations itself occurs primarily by the action of electric forces the origin of which lies in the interaction of ions themselves in solutions around the membrane. The results also indicate that the translocation of the ion may be con tinuously controlled and also stopped by the external electric voltage applied on the transport system.


SUBJECTIVE cardiovascular changes such as palpitation and thoracic distress are frequently mentioned among the visceral symptoms of temporal lobe epilepsy. Objective evidence of cardiac arrhythmia in a clearly established cerebral seizure is rare. A report by Erickson,l based on 54 electrocardiograms obtained during epileptic seizures, noted lack of evidence for cardiac standstill or arrhythmia during seizures. Penfield and Erickson2 mentioned a case with proved pathology in the left temporal lobe in which episodes of tachycardia occurred. G a ~ t a u t , ~ while reviewing psychomotor and temporal lobe epilepsies, included "vasomotor phenomenon and cardiac irregularities'' as possible symptoms but did not enlarge on it. Mulder et aL4 recorded cardiac symptoms, mainly palpitation and chest discomfort, in 15 of 100 cases of visceral epilepsy. They did not mention any specific cardiac arrhythmia. A case of sino-auricular heart block, manifesting as episodes of cardiac arrest, associated with a right temporal epileptic focus is on record.5 Proceedings of the Eastern Society of Electroencephalographers reported two cases of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia associated with paroxysmal cerebral discharges, presented by Walsh et a1.6 A case of transient atrial fibrillation with ECG evidence, associated with a cerebral seizure in a case of frontal lobe meningioma, is reported below. In the literature there is no proved case of atrial fibrillation associated with cerebral seizure. CASE REPORT


A hydrogen peroxide sensor was developed by constructing a conductive film of poly (celestine blue) (PCB) on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified graphite electrode by electropolymerization. The presence of MWCNTs increased the surface coverage concentration of PCB and the rate of electron transfer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the surface morphology of the modified electrode. The electrochemical characteristics of PCB/MWCNTs modified electrode was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results revealed that the modified electrode exhibits higher electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in 0.1M of NH4NO3 (pH 7) at a reduced overpotential with increased peak currents. The modified electrode showed a wide concentration range from 6.66×10-6 M to 1.34×10-3M with a detection limit of 2.22×10-6 M (S/N = 3) and with a sensitivity of 12.592 μA/μM.


This paper describes the results of experiments and numerical simulation studies on the impact and indentation damage created by low-velocity impact subjected onto honeycomb sandwich panels for application to the BIMODAL tram. The test panels were subjected to low-velocity impact loading using an instrumented testing machine at six energy levels. Contact force histories as a function of time were evaluated and compared. The extent of the damage and depth of the permanent indentation was measured quantitatively using a 3-dimensional scanner. An explicit finite element analysis based on LS-DYNA3D was focused on the introduction of a material damage model and numerical simulation of low-velocity impact responses on honeycomb sandwich panels. Extensive material testing was conducted to determine the input parameters for the metallic and composite face-sheet materials and the effective equivalent damage model for the orthotropic honeycomb core material. Good agreement was obtained between numerical and experimental results; in particular, the numerical simulation was able to predict impact damage area and the depth of indentation of honeycomb sandwich composite panels created by the impact loading.


Functional data analysis concerns with statistical modeling of random variables taking values in a space of functions (functional variables), Several standard statistical techniques such as regression, ANOVA or principal components, among others, have been considered from a functional point of view. In general, these methodologies are focused on independent and identically distributed functional variables. However, in several disciplines of applied sciences there exists an increasing interest in modeling correlated functional data. In particular in most of them the modeling of spatially correlated functional data is of interest. This is the topic treated here. Specifically this work concerns with spatial prediction of curves when we dispose of a sample of curves collected at sites of a region with spatial continuity.
Four methods for doing spatial prediction of functional data are developed. Initially, we propose a predictor having the same form as the classical kriging predictor, but considering curves instead of one-dimensional data. The other predictors arise from adaptations of functional linear models for functional response to the case of spatially correlated functional data. One the one hand, we define a predictor which is a combination of kriging and the functional linear point-wise (concurrent) model. On the other hand, we use the functional linear total model for extending two classical multivariable geostatistical methods to the functional context. The first predictor is defined in terms of scalar parameters. In the remaining cases the predictors involves functional parameters. We adapt an optimization criterion used in multivariable spatial prediction in order to estimate scalar and functional parameters involved in the predictors proposed. In all cases a non-parametric approach based on expansion in terms of basis functions is used for getting curves from discrete data. The number of basis functions is chosen by cross-validation. The methodologies proposed are illustrated by analyzing three real data sets corresponding to curves of penetration resistance and temperature which are functions of depth and time, respectively.


INTRODUCTION As one of the widely-used parallel-imaging methods, GRAPPA technique (1) reconstructs the missing k-space data by a linear combination of the acquired data using a set of weights. The combination coefficients are usually derived from auto-calibration signal (ACS) lines that are acquired in parallel to the reduced lines. Several methods (e.g. (2-4)) have been proposed to reduce aliasing artifacts and image noise for GRAPPA, but only a few methods (5) modify the data acquisition procedure. In this abstract, a cross sampling method is proposed to acquire the ACS lines orthogonal to the reduced lines. This cross sampling method increases the amount of calibration data along the direction that the k-space is undersampled and thus improves the calibration accuracy, especially when a small number of ACS lines are acquired. We name the method cross-sampled GRAPPA (CSGRAPPA). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method named as cross-sampled GRAPPA (CS-GRAPPA) can significantly reduce the artifacts compared to GRAPPA with the same quantities of ACS lines and reduction factors. METHOD It is known that more ACS lines in conventional GRAPPA reduce the aliasing artifacts in reconstruction. To increase the number of ACS data along the direction of undersampling with approximately the same acquisition time, we propose a cross-sampling method (CS-GRAPPA) for data acquisition. Specifically, the ACS lines are acquired orthogonal to the undersampled lines, as illustrated in Fig. 1. The proposed method can be realized by dynamically swapping the phase encoding and frequency encoding gradients such that the phase encoding direction is changed from the Anterior/Posterior (A/P) direction for ACS acquisition to Right/Left (R/L) direction for reduced acquisition as in (6,7). Under ideal conditions, the cross-sampled k-space data can be directly used in GRAPPA reconstruction. However, practical conditions such as eddy current and chemical shift can result in misalignment in the k-space data acquired in different phase encoding directions (8,9). These data need to be corrected before being used for image reconstruction. To co-register the two datasets that are acquired in orthogonal directions, we propose to use a model similar to (9) to account for the difference due to eddy current. More complicated model accounting for other effects such as chemical shift will be studied in future work. The model assumes the k-space data with R/L and A/P readout directions are related by ( ) ( ) / / , , R L x y A P x x y y S k k S k k σ δ δ = ⋅ − − [1] which means the k-space


One of the most important of secondary metabolism products, occur in the plants are flavonoids. They are a large class of polyphenols, with more than 4000 combinations and have some very important medicine and biological especially antiradical, antioxidant and prevent cancer effects [1]. The genus Achillea is represented in Iran by nineteen species including 7 endemics [2]. This genus is one of the most important genera of the Compositae (Asteraceae) family. Achillea tenuifolia is one of the most herbs are being used by people as a traditional medicinal remedy and known for many years in the folk medicine. It has been used to reduce sweating and to stop bleeding. It helps regulation of the menstrual cycle and reduces heavy bleeding and pain [3]. In this study, a flavonoid have been isolated from the aerial parts of Achillea tenuifolia and purified by column chromatography, TLC and preparative TLC techniques to yield a compound. The chemical structure was determined by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, HMBC and IR spectroscopy techniques and was established as luteolin-7-O- rhamnoside, 3', 4'- dimethoxy. The structure of the compound was determined by spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with published data. Keywords : Flavonoid, Achillea tenuifolia , Compositae, luteolin.


Beta-lactam antibiotics (BLAs) are first-line agents against group B streptococci (GBS). A clonal set of 4 independent invasive GBS with elevated MICs to BLAs were identified that shared a pbp2x mutation (Q557E) corresponding to a resistance-conferring pneumococcal mutation. BLA-sensitivity was restored through allelic replacement or complementation with the wild-type pbp2x.


In this work, the structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of 0.95La0.45Nd0.25Sr0.3MnO3/0.05CuO composites materials were investigated. The samples have been synthesized by solid-state reaction route. The XRD patterns of composites powders show the presence of both perovskite La0.45Nd0.25Sr0.3MnO3 and monoclinic Tenorite CuO materials. The microstructural characterization performed using Scanning Electron Microscope shows that copper oxide nanostructure is located in the grains boundaries after pressing. According to the isothermal magnetization measurements around the Curie temperature, the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change is calculated to be 4.128 J/(Kg.K) at 5 T for the pellet with an interesting enhancement compared to the powder sample 2.7 J/(Kg.K). The relative cooling power is about 212.8 J Kg−1. Resistivity measurements under different magnetic fields were performed in order to investigate the magnetoresistance properties. The obtained magnetocaloric properties show that 0.95La0.45Nd0.25Sr0.3MnO3/0.05CuO composite was an attractive candidate material for magnetic refrigeration application. About magnetoresistance properties the (% MR) is found to be 32.78% around 320 K under a magnetic field of 5 T.


Early pharmacological studies in animals demonstrated that ABIO‐08/01, a new isoxazoline, exerted anxiolytic and anticonvulsant, but also cognition‐enhancing properties. Thus, the aim of the present double‐blind, placebo‐controlled multiple‐ascending‐dose study was to investigate the effect of the new compound on event‐related potentials (ERPs). In a randomized ascending‐dose design for phase‐1 studies, 16 young healthy male subjects aged 30.2 ± 5.7 years received three ascending drug doses (10, 20, and 40 mg) and placebo for 7 days, with a washout period of 8 days in between. Auditory ERPs were recorded pre‐dose and 2 h post‐dose on days 1 (acute effect) and 5 (subacute and absolute superimposed effect). Descriptive statistics with one confirmatory statement on P300 latency demonstrated a significant shortening after acute, subacute, and superimposed administration of 40 mg ABIO‐08/01. While ERP amplitudes showed only minor effects, low‐resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) demonstrated that ABIO‐08/01 promotes more efficient information processing by reallocating perceptual and cognitive ERP resources. Thus, our ERP studies confirm early pharmacological findings in animals of a cognition‐enhancing effect of ABIO‐08/01, which is interesting in the context of the anxiolytic mode of action of the compound as its CNS effects are quite different from those of anxiolytic sedatives, such as benzodiazepines. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Contributions combining technical, social, ethical or legal perspectives were solicited. Keynote speeches provided the focus for the theme of the Summer School - Historic Perspectives on Software Security and Privacy, Wireless Security and Privacy, Multilateral Security for Reputation Systems, Ambient Law, ePassport Security, Virtual Communities and social and legal aspects, Mobile Identity Management, Security Standards and Privacy Management, Mass Surveillance and Data Retention as well as Anonymity and Censor Free Publishing - and the contributions from participants enhanced the ideas generated by the keynote speeches. The Summer School was a very successful event. More than fifty delegates from twenty countries actively participated. We succeeded in initiating intensive discussions between Ph.D. students and senior acknowledged researchers from different disciplines.


Scaling is necessary with the advancement of technology in VLSI circuits. With scaling increment in sub-threshold leakage current by minimizing the threshold voltage, enhancement of tunneling leakage current with thinning of gate oxide a creates problem. Therefore, a reduction in leakage power becomes essential for the sustainment of scaling in the CMOS process. Multiple leakage low power reduction techniques are developed to cope up with this problem. Basic gates have been implemented by various researchers with these techniques at 45nm technology nodes and leakage power has been estimated. In this work different power reduction techniques are first explained, and work done utilizing these techniques in reducing average power dissipation has been compiled at 45nm technology nodes for a basic NAND gate and a Current Starved VCO. This comparative analysis will improve the selection process among various available techniques for different applications. Power delay products are also compared in this work which helps in deciding for the applications wherever a trade-off is required between delay and power dissipation.


The level of integration of digital microfluidics is continually increasing to include the system path from fluid manipulation and transport, on to reagent preparation, and finally reaction detection. Digital microfluidics therefore has the capability to encompass all steps of common biochemical protocols. Reported here is a set of analytical models for the design of a coplanar interdigitated multi-electrode array to be used as an impedimetric immunosensor in a digital microfluidic device for on-chip chemical reaction detection. The models are based on conformal mapping techniques, and are compared to results obtained from finite element analysis to discuss limitations of the model. The analytical models are feasible and inexpensive surrogates for numerical simulation methods.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


A vector analog of the classical Calapso equation governing isothermic surfaces in Rn+2 is introduced. It is shown that this vector Calapso system admits a nonlocal) scalar Lax pair based on the classical Moutard equation. The analog of Darboux's Bäcklund transformation for isothermic surfaces in R3 is derived in a systematic manner and shown that it may be formulated in terms of the classical Moutard transformation acting on the scalar Lax pair. A permutability theorem for isothermic surfaces is set down that manifests itself in an explicit superposition principle for the vector Calapso system. This superposition principle in vectorial form is shown to constitute an integrable discretization of the vector Calapso system and, therefore, defines discrete isothermic surfaces in Rn+2. The discrete Calapso equation is related to the discrete Korteweg–de Vries equation and discrete holomorphic functions. A matrix Lax pair based on Clifford algebras and a scalar Lax pair are derived for the discrete Calapso equation. A discrete Moutard‐type transformation for the discrete Calapso equation is obtained, and it is shown that the discrete Calapso equation may be specialized to an integrable discrete version of the O(n+2) nonlinear σ‐model.


A new strategy is proposed in order to effectively design the components of actuation mechanisms for flapping wing micro air vehicles. To this end, the merits and drawbacks of some existing types of conventional flapping actuation mechanisms are first discussed qualitatively. Second, the relationships between the design of flapping wing actuation mechanism and the entrance requirements including the upstroke and downstroke angles and flapping frequency are determined. The effects of the components of the actuation mechanism on the kinematic and kinetic parameters are investigated. It is shown that there are optimum values for different parameters in order to design an efficient mechanism. Considering the optimized features for an actuation mechanism, the design, analysis, and fabrication of a new hybrid actuation mechanism for FWMAV named "Thunder I" with fourteen components consisting of two six-bar mechanisms are performed. The results show that this designed hybrid actuation mechanism has high symmetrical flapping motion with hinged connections for all components. The proposed methodology for the modeling and fabrication of Thunder I's actuation mechanism can be utilized as guidelines to design efficient FWMAVs actuation mechanisms.


The TSE issue is further complicated by a lack of reliable diagnostic methods - except for those performed postmortem. Decontamination is just as difficult, whether removing infectious agents known to be present or those merely suspected. Prions are notoriously resilient to inactivation methods considered "overkill" for most infectious agents. A few methods have been recommended, but they are relatively severe measures.


An editorial highlighting the social media platform "Wattpad", which bills itself as a social network dedicated to creative reading and writing, and a personal commentary on rediscovering creativity through writing in the era of online communities.


In this paper, a novel self-interference cancellation receiver is proposed to maximize the spectrum utilization for satellite communications. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed system is the first system that performs self-interference cancellation without the estimation of the signal parameters (frequency, phase, and gain offsets) and without the generation of the self-interfering signal. Correlation Receiver is used for the demodulation process followed by a subtracter to cancel the self-interfering in-phase and quadrature phase components at each earth station of a two way Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) satellite communication link. The proposed technique achieves more than 50% saving of the bandwidth of the space segment over the traditional transmission. Simulation results show that the receiver performance in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) versus the signal to noise ratio (SNR) at the Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector output of each link is almost the same as the case of using two different transmit frequencies. Besides to the reliable performance, the proposed method simplifies the receiver at each earth station.


ABSTRACT Coal is an important energy source but it has a significant negative impact on the environmental processes. This paper analyses the impact, measurement, and input of parameters representing potential environmental polluters in the information system (IS). The methodology of recording and systematization includes the following parameters: coal deposits; climate parameters; roads; rivers; land and surrounding objects; air polluters; water polluters; and soil polluters. Methods for calculating land deformation, air polluter emissions, and noise impact are also presented. Based on the number and specificity of analyzed data, the paper provides a concept of the IS and an overview of environmental impact of underground coal mine technological units. The concept was used to present the results of a research conducted at the underground coal mine "Soko" in Serbia. The results of this research can help many potential users realize their goals. Those goals are preventive by nature, since negative environmental impact can be predicted, which enables the environmental protection experts to take appropriate measures.


The reasons for high rate of national student loan default are analyzed based on the implementation of it in the colleges.The measures from the aspects of government,bank,college and students with loan are proposed to reinforce the post-loan management.


Nonresonant capacitive electrodes are shown to be convenient and effective for observing dielectric resonances in the microwave region where the sample size is small compared to the wavelength of the excitation. An example of rotational spectroscopy in a seeded supersonic expansion from a pulsed nozzle is presented.


Although the concept of experience entered in the field of marketing in 1982, this concept has now become a key constituent of understanding consumer behaviour. In recent years, a great deal of research has examined this concept is a foundation of economy and future of marketing. From this point of view the purpose of this study is to discuss concept of experience, experiential marketing and related concepts in a holistic perspective and moreover some marketing implications have been given.


The invention belongs to the medical technical field, and discloses anti-inflammatory compound inula lineariifolia lactone A and a preparation method and an application thereof. The chemical structural formula of the lactone A is as follows. The preparation method thereof comprises the following steps: extraction: drying inula lineariifolia, smashing, and then combining extract, condensing the extract into liquid extract, diluting and extracting to obtain a petroleum ether part; separation: applying silicagel column chromatography on the petroleum ether part, carrying out gradient elution, detecting chromatography, and then carrying out C18 reversed phase column chromatography, eluting with methanol and water, performing thin-layer chromatography detection to obtain the purified product of the inula lineariifolia lactone A. In the invention, systematic chemical composition research is carried out on the inula lineariifolia collected from Changfeng County in Anhui province; the anti-inflammatory compound inula lineariifolia lactone A is obtained by being separated from the plant inula lineariifolia, has good anti-inflammatory active, and can be applied in anti-inflammatory drugs.


Transgender people experience incongruence between their perceived gender and the one assigned to them at birth, due to their anatomical structures. Therefore, they can pursue a number of procedures to deal with that incongruence. Among several experts from different areas of science and medicine who participate in process of transition, in the last few decades importance of speech-language therapy for accomplishing congruence between inner and outer presentation of one self for transgender people has been acknowledged. Vocal and communication therapy includes changes in fundamental frequency, resonance, intonation, intensity, breathiness, speech rate, articulation, pragmatics, syntax, semantics, written and nonverbal communication. Still, mentioned parameters, their differences in cis-population and their impact on gender perception of trans-population need to be further researched and findings should be implemented in therapy. Also, present data shows that many speech-language therapists feel unprepared and incompetent for working with this population, as well as that many transgender people are not aware of speech-language therapy services intended for them.
 The aim of this literature review is to present process, components and impact of vocal and communication therapy on final success of whole process of transition in transgender individuals, but also to point to the ongoing need for constant improvement in the field of education, practice, research and informing experts, transgender population and society in general, both in Croatia and the rest of the world.


The sensitivity for enhanced detection of surface acoustic waves (SAW) using a traveling Bragg regime grating was found to be similar to that obtained using stationary reference gratings operating in the Raman-Nath diffraction regimes.1 An acousto-optic modulator (AOM) with a nominal frequency of 40 MHz was used to detect traveling gratings produced by SAW on a LiNbO3 substrate. The center frequency of the SAW was 34.88 MHz corresponding to a wavelength, ΛS, of 100 µm. With the AOM tuned to 38.5 MHz, the wavelength of the bulk acoustic wave, ΛB, in the flint glass modulator was also about 100 µm. The AOM was operating in the Bragg diffraction regime (Q'≈11) and the SAW in these experiments was a weakly modulated traveling grating, either cw or pulsed, operating in the Raman-Nath diffraction regime.2


We study covariant differential calculi on quantum symplectic and orthogonal planes as interesting examples of the Wess-Zumino formalism for general non-(anti-)commutative differential calculus on quantum planes. The aim of this exercise is to generate certain known R-matrix solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation. This is achieved by treating the consistency conditions on the calculus in a manner different from that of Wess and Zumino.


The visual information complexity of automotive head-up displays (HUDs) may affect cognitive load and reduce driver performance in critical situations. This study investigated whether physiological indicators of cognitive load can predict the type of HUD while driving. Physiological signals of heart rate variability (HRV), electrodermal activity (EDA), skin temperature, and pupil dilation were recorded from 28 participants using a motion-based driving simulator. Two types of HUD with different information complexities were compared: baseline HUD and augmented reality HUD. Heart rate and EDA were processed to create standardized biomedical features. Time-series analysis and basic statistics generated two sets of features for pupil dilation and skin temperature. The effect of signal combinations on classification performance was tested using signal fusion. Three gradient boosting classifiers (LGBM, HGBC, and XGB) were trained on physiological signals to predict HUD type. The fusion of HRV, EDA, and time-series features for skin temperature and pupil dilation yielded moderate performance, with average AUC ROC scores of XGB = 0.67, LGBM = 0.69, and HGBC = 0.70. Combining HRV, EDA, and basic statistical features for skin temperature and pupil dilation, the classifiers achieved an improved average AUC ROC score of 0.76. The best scores were 0.96 (LGBM and XGB) and 0.98 (HGBC). These results demonstrate the potential of physiological signals for modeling HUD-induced cognitive load and dynamically regulating its effects in real-time.


ABSTRACT This article uses Gadamer's concept of play as a common lens through which both traditional church liturgy and imaginative evangelical practices of engaging with God can be understood. The category of play encompasses processes which exhibit a back-and-forth motion and functions in Gadamer's aesthetics to describe the relationship between artwork and viewer. Through an aesthetics of play, Gadamer accounts for the presence of truth in art. As I demonstrate in this paper, liturgy displays the playful characteristics of artwork, allowing for a theologically realist interpretation of divine presence. The final part of this paper considers the imaginative evangelical practices described by anthropologist T. M. Luhrmann, which I refer to as God-play. I argue that there is an unexpected commonality between God-play and traditional liturgy in the form of a functional similarity between the two and propose that God-play may be regarded as liturgy-like practice that has not been traditionalised. My evaluation is that this is a positive development, which opens the opportunity for divine encounter to those alienated from traditional liturgies. However, caution must be taken to avoid inappropriately trivial imaginings of God, and I conclude by offering suggestions for the church and academy in cautiously welcoming these practices.


Results of researches on a substantiation of an oily waste products formation specifications are given. Specifications of waste products formation at holing, realization of repair and other works in wells, and also at pipelines sealing failure are developed. Recommendations for their recycling are given.


Abstract : Interconnected networks of computers are becoming increasingly important. It is the Internet that has spurred the most recent growth in global computer networks, The limitations of the Internet can be blamed on many factors but when determining solutions to these shortcomings the focus has been on replacing the current Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) with the new Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). Much work has been done and much more work remains to be done in transitioning to and reaping the benefits of this "Next Generation Internet." The Server and Agent Based Active Network Management (SAAM) project is one of many "Next Generation Internet" projects that intend to implement and exploit the enhanced capabilities of IPv6 to overcome the limitations of the current Internet. The focus of the SAAM project is guaranteed quality of service (QoS). This thesis addresses fault tolerance in a SAAM region with regards to router and link failures. A hybrid link restoration (rerouting) scheme is proposed, in which central knowledge (at the SAAM server) of the network topology is used to develop alternate paths while path switching is done at a local (router) level.


Headache is prevalent within the community and can have an impact on sport in both the amateur and elite player, either coincidentally or as a direct result of participation. Against a background of a limited evidence base, this paper suggests how headache can be classified within this context and offers guidance for treating both the amateur and elite athlete. The impact of headache in sport may be unrecognised and undertreated, and further research is needed in this area.


s excluded Reason: • Reviews • Not in English • TBI data • Pre-clinical • Animal studies • Studies involving mannitol only • Studies involving transient administration of hypertonic saline 5 Studies included in review 154 Abstracts screened 14 Full-text articles assessed for eligibility https://doi.org/10.18700/jnc.210007 2 Arunit J. S. Chugh, et al. • Continuous hypertonic saline in acute ischemic infarcts


Abstract : Tooling was designed and fabricated for the high rate vacuum deposition of alternating superimposed layers of high and low modulus materials. A continuous metal belt substrate was passed over adjacent electron beam and resistance heated sources. Composite films of titanium-aluminum, silicon carbide-aluminum and alumina-aluminum, were fabricated, removed from the substrate and their ultimate tensile strengths determined. Tensile strengths a number of times bulk values were obtained for the titanium-aluminum films which exhibited the highest ultimate tensile strength. The ultimate tensile strength was determined using an internal clamp technique which was analyzed empirically and theoretically.


Overlaying virtual worlds onto existing physical rides and altering the sensations of motion can deliver new experiences of thrill, but designing how motion is mapped between physical ride and virtual world is challenging. In this paper, we present the notion of an abstract machine, a new form of intermediate design knowledge that communicates motion mappings at the level of metaphor, mechanism and implementation. Following a performance-led, in-the-wild approach we report lessons from creating and touring VR Playground, a ride that overlays four distinct abstract machines and virtual worlds on a playground swing. We compare the artist's rationale with riders' reported experiences and analysis of their physical behaviours to reveal the distinct thrills of each abstract machine. Finally, we discuss how to make and use abstract machines in terms of heuristics for designing motion mappings, principles for virtual world design and communicating experiences to riders.


BACKGROUND Mandibular displacement is a common complication of condylar fracture. In the mandibular displacement due to condylar fracture, it is difficult to restore both esthetics and function without using orthognathic surgery. CASE DESCRIPTION This clinical report described a full mouth rehabilitation in the patient with bilateral condylar fractures and displaced mandible using bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) and simultaneous dental implant surgery. Mandibular position was determined by model surgery through the diagnostic wax up and restoration of fractured teeth. The precise amount of the mandibular shift can be obtained from the ideal intercuspation of remaining teeth. CLINICAL IMPLICATION Mandibular displacement by both condylar fractures can be successfully treated by orthognathic surgery. Determination of occlusal plane and visualization from diagnostic wax up are mandatory for mandibular repositioning of model surgery. Stable occlusion and regular recall check up are needed for long-term outcome.


After The Hague summit of the European Council in 1969 Madrid calculated that Spain's terms of access to the Common Market would feasibly improve after the signing ceremony of the 1970 Agreement. The Spanish government was determined to continue the negotiations with the EEC for new concessions. First, the Spanish government battled for the EEC to grant them the benefits of the Generalized System of Preferences, which the French defeated. Second, Madrid requested further preference in agricultural trade, to the point of reaching a quasi-membership status in the CAP, without EEC membership. Third, Madrid pretended to use trade with Eastern Europe and closer relations with the EFTA to place pressure on EEC governments. The three attempts were unsuccessful because, as Chapter 7 shows, no alternative to the EEC existed for Spain to guarantee outlets for Spanish agricultural and industrial produce.


Detection, location and qualification of damage in engineering structures are very important topics of research, due to increasing demands for quality and reliability. The research effort to use changes in vibrational modal parameters (frequencies and modes) to identify structural damages in civil engineering has increased during recent two decades. Vibration_based damage identification methods are summarized in the present paper. Some basic problems of vibration_based damage identification technology and the past, current applications of the technology to civil engineering are discussed. Comments on some current methods in the literature are made. Critical issues for future research in the area are also presented.


Several laser plasma accelerator schemes are reviewed, with emphasis on the Plasma Beat Wave Accelerator (PBWA). Theory indicates that a very high acceleration gradient, of order 1 GeV/m, can exist in the plasma wave driven by the beating lasers. Experimental results obtained on the PBWA experiment at UCLA confirms this. Parameters related to the PBWA as an accelerator system are derived, among them issues concerning the efficiency and the laser power and energy requirements are detailly discussed.


The performance of a drive system with a flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motor was studied through tests on a commercial electric vehicle (CEV). A practical design and an optimization method for the FSPM motor were proposed for a light-duty CEV. The initial dimensions of the motor were calculated by theoretical equations referring to a permanent magnet synchronous motor. Then, optimization was conducted through a response surface methodology (RSM) and a genetic algorithm (GA) based on three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). With the optimized parameters, a prototype of the FSPM drive system was manufactured and assembled into an actual CEV. The performance of the CEV was investigated on an automobile test platform. The experimental results show that the FSPM drive system could drive the CEV properly. The high-efficiency running time of the FSPM motor accounted for 84% of the total time tested, which shows great potential for practical application in CEVs. However, the experimental results also show that the FSPM motor faced problems of large speed deviation and high-temperature rise during the driving cycle test, which should be fully addressed for practical applications.


The effects of light on health can be divided into three sections. The first is that of light as radiation. Exposure to the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation produced by light sources can damage both the eye and skin, through both thermal and photochemical mechanisms. Such damage is rare for indoor lighting installations designed for vision but can occur in some situations. The second is light operating through the visual system. Lighting enables us to see but lighting conditions that cause visual discomfort are likely to lead to eyestrain. Anyone who frequently experiences eyestrain is not enjoying the best of health. The lighting conditions that cause visual discomfort in buildings are well known and easily avoided. The third is light operating through the circadian system. This is known to influence sleep patterns and believed to be linked to the development of breast cancer among night shift workers. There is still much to learn about the impact of light on human health but what is known is enough to ensure that the topic requires the attention of all those concerned with the lighting of buildings.


Though it can be shown that the 962 cases of chorea originated from 6 or 7 ancestors and that the tendency has been handed down almost without a break through the generations and that for generations there have been individuals who recognized the hereditary nature of the disease and were influenced in marriage accordingly; nevertheless, there is no clear evidence that persons belonging to the choreic lines voluntarily abstain to any marked degree from, or are selected against, in marriage.


During the past decade the Swedish national alcohol policy has changed. Of the previous state-run alcohol monopolies for production, wholesale, and retail sales, only the retail monopoly remains intact. Furthermore, the number of licensed premises has increased markedly during the past 15 years. Research based on Swedish data has shown a clear association between beer/liquor consumption at licensed premises and the assault rate (Norström 1998). Parallel to this we have also seen increased alcohol consumption in the Swedish population (Leifman 2002). In 1996 the Stockholm County Council initiated a community alcohol prevention programme, entitled STAD, to prevent problems related to alcohol consumption at licensed premises. STAD is an abbreviation for Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems (Andréasson et al. 1999). The inner city of Stockholm was chosen as the intervention area. An action group was established consisting of representatives from the authorities and the hospitality industry. The main components in the community action programme have been community mobilization, a 2-day training course in responsible beverage service primarily for servers, and stricter enforcement of existing alcohol laws (Wallin et al. 2002a). The objective of our presentation at the KBSmeeting at Vuoranta, Helsinki, in March 2002 was to present the effects of the community alcohol prevention programme on problems related to alcohol consumption at licensed premises.


Crit Care Med 2016 • Volume 44 • Number 12 (Suppl.) median dose of 4FPCC in the SD and HD groups was 25 units/kg and 50 units/ kg, respectively. The repeat INR post 4FPCC in the SD was 1.2 [1.2–1.3] and 1.1 [1.1–1.2] in the HD 4FPCC group (p=0.19). No difference was observed in achieving an INR of 1.3 or less when comparing the HD and SD 4FPCC groups (77 vs 82%, p=0.72). Hematoma expansion occurred equally in both groups at 13% (p=0.96). Lastly, in the HD group, there was one thrombotic event reported vs none in the SD group. Conclusions: Administering SD or HD 4FPCC to patients with WICH effectively lowered the INR to 1.3 or less in most patients. HD 4FPCC was not associated with a significant increase in thrombotic events. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the impact of HD 4FPCC on functional outcomes and mortality.


In order to determine the order of magnitude of the radiation dose during x-ray diagnosis and to reduce the radiation dose itself, apperative, organizational, and structural engineering radiation protective measures have to be taken. This is valid for pre-testing and acceptance testing of x-ray devices and for recurring inspections of operating devices. These tests are discussed with a view to the regulations of the X-Ray Ordinance. (GE)


A field study was carried out on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) crops under the conditions of the plastic house in the Plant Protection Department / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad, to determine which is the most preference from the leaf miner Liriomyza spp. As well as its relation with the secondary compounds existing in the plant that's well-known for its importance in the defense system of the plant. The results showed a significant difference in the leaf miner Liriomyza spp. preference to infection over eggplant (S. melongena L.) and Squash (C. pepo L.), Squash was the most preference from the insect and the general average of insect population density on Squash throughout the growing season was 39.2 individual / 10 leaves compared with eggplant which was 7.83 individual / 10 leaves. The study results also showed a variation in the leaves content of eggplant and Squash of secondary compounds (Phenols, Flavonoids, Tannins and Alkaloids) and their different concentrations when the infestation with the insect, as it is increase when it increases and decrease when it decreases with as a defensive means. Finally, the study findings showed the presence of Tannins was in very small quantities below the level of sensitivity over the Squash leaves, which is not preferred by insects and it is one of the compounds that known as their toxic effect to insects, while eggplant resistance to the insect was attributed to its high content of Phenols, Tannins, total Alkaloids and Flavonoids compared to Squash.


The purpose of this study is to improve the heat economy of generator-unit boiler feed pump (BFP) drive and promote the driving effect of BFP. To this end, this paper studies the heat economy of generator's BFP drive. A large-scale coal-fired thermal power generating unit was taken as an example. Then, with reference to the current situation of each link in the feed pump drive chain, modern driving technology was applied, and the mathematical model of the drive scheme was established using the fixed flow analysis method to perform the calculation for specific case. The study found that for the BFP of the 600MW unit, the net powers are sorted by size in the following: traditional electric pump scheme < steam pump scheme < high-efficiency fluid coupling scheme < frequency conversion scheme < spindle scheme. Therefore, among the five drive schemes, the spindle drive scheme has the least links in the energy transfer process, so its heat economy is the best.


Thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate can form an efficient energy transfer complex with terbium ion(Ⅲ). The fluorescence of the complex is partially quenched by transition metal ions. The quenching intensity is a linear function of the concentration of transition metal in the range 0~2×10~(-6)mol·l~(-1).


The average annual catch of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) (BC) fishery in Tamaulipas, Mexico is estimated at 2 733 T, of which the 82 % is caught in the Laguna Madre, which is considered to be exploited to the maximum of its capacity. The objective of the present investigation was to model the annual catch of the BC in the Laguna Madre, Tamaulipas, by adjusting mathematical functions of the linear and nonlinear (or curvilinear) type, to the time series from 1998 to 2012. In addition, the phases of development of the fishery, according to several generalized models, were identified. We used the information theory approach and multimodel inference procedure (MMI). Eleven linear and nonlinear regression models were fitted. For the selection of models, the corrected Akaike corrected (AICc) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria were used. For the MMI, the level ∆i < 2 of plausibility of AICc and BIC was considered. The models chosen for the MMI were compound, growth, exponential, logistic, potential and the sigmoid, with the first four models being considered the most suitable of all those cited. The average models of the MMI presented values of β0 and β1: 0.939 and 0.377 respectively, according to CIAc; and 0.952 and 0.344 respectively, according to the CIB. Only the composite and logistic models showed statistical significance in their two regression pa-rameters (β0 and β1 ). The fishery sustainability index revealed six catch periods and a decrease in magnitude of catch changes. The data series analyzed includes two life cycles according to the Csirke and Caddy models. The results showed that at the end of the studied period the fishery was in collapse  and  decay.


A textile Yagi-Uda antenna operating in the 57-64 GHz band is proposed for on-body communications. The antenna characteristics are studied numerically and experimentally in free space and on a skin-equivalent phantom in terms of reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, and efficiency.


Ballistic impact tests of [90/0] 5 s T-300/934 graphite/epoxy laminates of beam-like dimension with embedded delamination cracks were conducted. High speed photography (16 000 frames/second) was used to record the impact response and subsequent crack propagation. From the photographic data, impact characteristics such as the contact duration and the dynamic response of the impact specimen were measured. In addition, the time of initiation of delamination propagation and measurements of the subsequent delamination length versus time were obtained. By changing the location of the embedded delamination in the specimens relative to the impact point, additional results were obtained on the variation of the threshold impact velocity necessary to cause crack propagation in the different specimen configurations. These data, together with the photographic results, suggest that the mode of crack propagation is dependent on the specimen geometry as well as the loading condition. The time dependent nature of the crack velocity and its variation with impact conditions was investigated. A finite element program was used to calculate the dynamic strain energy release rate before the onset of crack propagation. This strain energy release rate was used to gage the instability of the delamination crack during impact.


The"311-A"regression design was adopted to study the optimum ratio of N,P and K fertilizers on maize field of Yellow River Pumping Irrigation District in Cheng Xitan,Yanchi Ningxia.As a result,it is greater to show,use the influence of nitrogen for yield.In interaction,the N and P influence of interactive fertilizer for yield is greater,the effect of P and K is less.Through regression analysis have determined yield in 9 000 kg/hm~2 more than apply fertilizer measure is: use N 115.5~(128.4 kg/hm~2),use P 67.05~84.3 kg/hm~2,use K 69.15~82.2 kg/hm~2.


This Bachelor thesis consists of seven chapters. The introduction describes the basic idea of thesis, in order to improve and simplify the recording of a volleyball match. The specification of the task, explains the creation of a database for e-log, which will store the data from the application, and then later print the PDF template. Requirements analysis tells about who will use the application, i.e., to whom it is intended. In chapter database model, the ER model with all entities, attributes and relationships, is shown and explained. Also, the database is shown and explained. Section Implementation explains the rules for conducting the match and how the programming part was made.


A theory is developed to unify the original form, and its many variations, of the mobile sequential recommendation (MSR) problem. The unified theory, expressing the same MSR problem, is superior to the original form in many aspects including a more standardized form. In addition to a newly proposed expected traveling time (ETT) function to measure the quality of recommended routes, we introduce five additional improvements. Also, three essential mathematical properties of the new objective function enable the development of the methods to solve realistic MSR problems with complex conditions. The MSR solutions also support the discovered properties of the proposed objective function. The unified theory should support the long-term decision making for drivers and the traffic department in general.


For the reproducible manufacturing of particularly uniform and brilliant i.e., highly bright copper coatings that are leveled and ductile as well, a copper plating bath is utilized that contains as an additive a mixture of oligomeric phenazinium compounds. The mixture contains at least one phenazinium compound selected from the group comprising compounds containing two monomeric units and compounds containing three monomeric units having the general chemical formulae and set forth in the patent claims and in the specification as well as further oligomeric phenazinium compounds.


This study investigated the behaviors of attendees of small social life-cycle events during the COVID-19 pandemic, incorporating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) into the study framework. Adopting individuals' risk perception aspects based on the affect and availability heuristics as antecedents of variables of TPB, this study found that affect and availability heuristics influenced individuals' attitudes and perceived behavioral control when attending small social life-cycle events during the pandemic. Findings of the study also revealed that individuals' attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and social norm influenced their behavioral intentions and, in turn, their behaviors. The group comparison analysis found the severity of the pandemic in the regions moderated attendees' behaviors partially. Theoretical and managerial implications were addressed, followed by limitations and future study suggestions.


Background— Brief periods of ischemia performed just at the time of reperfusion can reduce infarct size, a phenomenon called "postconditioning." After reflow, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) has been involved in lethal reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that postconditioning may modulate mPTP opening. Methods and Results— Anesthetized open-chest rabbits underwent 30 minutes of ischemia and 4 hours of reperfusion. Control hearts underwent no additional intervention. Postconditioning consisted of 4 episodes of 1 minute of coronary occlusion and 1 minute of reperfusion performed after 1 minute of reflow after the prolonged ischemia. Preconditioning consisted of 5 minutes of ischemia and 5 minutes of reperfusion before the 30-minute ischemia. An additional group of rabbits received 5 mg/kg IV of NIM811, a specific inhibitor of the mPTP, 1 minute before reperfusion. Infarct size was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium staining. Mitochondria were isolated from the risk region myoc...


Flat fishes are very important demersal fishery resources contributing 4% of the trawl landings along the malabar coast. Flat fishes of the family cynoglossidae support the commercial flatfish fishery of malabar regeion, but the occurrence of flat fish of the family soledae is not common.The distingushing character of this species is brown colour with 14 -16 dark band edged with black, with some pale spots.


Efficient and intensive purifying equipment can be applicable for treating mine drainage into process and domestic water. The equipment adopts hydraulic cycle, active sludge circumflu-ence, inclined tube sedimentation, double filter consisting of anthracite coal and quartz sand. After casting appropriate dosage of coagulating and flocculating agent into the inlet pipe of the equipment, suspended substance and oil substance can be removed effectively.


While quadrotors are becoming more popular, control of these unmanned air vehicles should be improved. In this study, a new intelligent image-based visual servo control system is proposed for the flight guidance control of quadrotors. Features are essential for visual servoing and the proposed system utilizes the features of a shape that provide a clear sight of the landing site instead of point features. Furthermore, the system focuses on three problems of visual servo control: finding an appropriate gain value under velocity limits, keeping the shape features in the field of view and tracking a moving target. As a solution to the first problem, a fuzzy logic unit that uses feature error and error derivative norms as inputs are deployed to assign the gain, adaptively. The second problem is solved by defining safe and risky regions in the image plane to take precautions before field of view missing. Another fuzzy logic unit is activated when the shape passes through a risky region to provide counter veloc...


The space shuttle main engine (SSME) presented new requirements in the design of controls for large pump fed liquid rocket engine systems. These requirements were the need for built in full mission support capability, and complexity and flexibility of function not previously needed in this type of application. An engine mounted programmable digital control system was developed to meet these requirements. The engine system and controller and their function are described. Design challenges encountered during the course of development included accommodation for a very severe engine environment, the implementation of redundancy and redundancy management to provide fail operational/fail safe capability, removal of heat from the package, and significant constraints on computer memory size and processing time. The flexibility offered by programmable control reshaped the approach to engine design and development and set the pattern for future controls development in these types of applications.


Wearable robots can assist people with disabilities to perform their daily tasks. However, the size, weight and wearability are important factors in the design because it is worn by the person controlling it. Various disabilities can be assisted with wearable robot technology, from the lower to upper body. The hand is an important part of the body for the disabled to perform their daily tasks. However, compared to the arms or legs, the degree of freedom is much higher, which makes it difficult to fabricate a compact wearable robot. We propose a frameless structure and modified differential mechanism to make the wearable robot compact. For the evaluation and control, it is necessary to analyze the friction force because the mechanism we proposed delivers power through more tube than the previous tendon tube transmission. Different from the previous friction model, we consider the friction at the edge of tube ends. This paper contains the design concept of the developed wearable robotic hand and its friction characteristics.


Hybrid preceding, which refers to the combined use of phased arrays and digital (baseband) beamforming, is the main transceiver architecture under consideration for millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless systems. However, this configuration is not suitable for receivers with a single RF chain, that must rely on fully-analog beamforming. In this paper, we consider the problem of finding the best analog beam combination when user terminals have independent analog sub-arrays. We present a novel algorithm for beam selection that separates analog and digital beamforming components. First, we use hierarchical analog beamforming codebooks to obtain a combination of beamformers that maximize SNR at the receivers. We leverage multiple RF chains at the AP and sub-arrays at the users to design such hierarchical codebooks. Second, we use digital zero-forcing beamforming at the transmitter to eliminate inter-user interference. Preliminary numerical results show the effectiveness of our algorithm in simple scenarios.


Method of assessing the soundness of hadith (Prophetic tradition) is not only limited to the rule that hadith 's experts formulate and employ. Sufi (Muslim mystical practioner) circles utilize hadith assessment method called kashf (mystical disclosure). This term literally means disclosing or uncovering a hijab (cover). Terminologcally speaking, it means the disclosure of unseen meanings and truth behind textual appearances. In hadith assess- ment context, kashf is a method used by Sufis since they do not follow hadith assessment principles and method constructed by hadith experts. The tradition of hadith assessment using kashf method is a new method that emerged after long time ago after Prophet's hadith s were collected. This method emerged between the sixth century until the seventh century of Hijra. The first figure who applied this method is Ibn Arabi (558-638 H). Through kashf assessment method, hadith is considered sahih when it does not contra- dict shar'ah rules. In adition, the hadith assessment using kashf needs to look at the position and quality of scholars who claim to obtain kashf . In turn, this method makes the role of sanad (chain of hadith transmission) smaller in terms of hadith determining the reliability of hadith . In kashf , sanad is directly linked to the Prophet SAW, even without having a person narrating a hadith . Moreover, the time interval between a Sufi who obtains kashf and the Prophet is long period of time. Furthermore, kasfh can make Jarh wa Ta'dil (examining reliability of hadith narrators) trivial. The method of kashf is rejected by most of hadith 's experts, because it does not hold solid epistemology. The rules are relative, subjective and cannot be objectively defended.


This book is the latest in a series of collaborative works between the editors and follows up their 2002 collection on private rented housing in the UK. That work posed the question of whether the UK was witnessing a revival of the sector or a 'false dawn' (Lowe & Hughes, 2002). The new work aims to look at the nature of the private rental market in the early years of this century and at how it might be affected by a revised regulatory framework. With these aims, the book has a mix of material—some reporting and interpreting data on the changing dynamics of demand and supply, some that makes informed prognoses on the future of the sector. The editors share the conclusions, one of them provides the book's introduction and there are a further seven chapters. The editors note their shared interest in the cross-over between law and social policy, this being reflected in four of the seven chapters taking up socio-legal themes. Stuart Lowe's introductory chapter aims to set a context for what follows with an historical overview and a review of key features of the new face of private renting. He summarises evidence on the consequences of deregulation and on turnover. House conditions in privately-let dwellings has long been a subject of research and policy interest and Lowe charts some of the history before looking at recent English policy responses— revision to the fitness standard, licensing of houses in multiple occupation and landlord accreditation. He asks two important questions in concluding—is the relationship between the regulatory framework and the real world of the open market one of symbiosis or parasitism (my term) and does messy policy implementation befuddle policy intent? The second chapter, by Peter Bibby, Max Craglia, Tony Crook and Steven Rowley, has a different set of concerns. They use a rich dataset of over half a million observations of rent, location and property characteristics, which they combine with neighbourhood features (derived from location) to build a predictive model of rent variation in England. They find a pronounced regional effect, with 'location' accounting for up to three-quarters of the variation in monthly rent. Of neighbourhood attributes, the proportion of workers in professional occupations had the most substantial effect. In conclusion, the authors note that the model is most successful in predicting rents for more homogeneous property types such as two-bedroom terraced houses. They have a table showing error rates for different property types and regions. It might have been helpful to include in this table a column showing the proportion of England's rental stock in each type/location. David Rhodes then looks at the characteristics, attitudes of buy-to-let landlords. He sets the context by defining the phenomenon and accounting for its growth. The primary research was a series of interviews with 47 landlords, identified from the records of three


IN recent years, analysts in both the academic and policy-making communities have come to believe that the supply of primary care physicians in the United States is inadequate to meet the needs of the population.1 , 2 In the light of this perception, the declining interest of graduates of U.S. medical schools in careers in primary care medicine is viewed with alarm. Between 1986 and 1991, the number of graduates matched to residencies (internal medicine, pediatrics, and family medicine) that might lead to careers in primary care medicine decreased by 19 percent.3 , 4 If the current trend persists, the percentage of U.S. physicians . . .


Using cross-country data for developed and developing countries over the period 1980-2007, we study the effects of the Inflation Targeting regime on levels and volatilities of inflation, GDP growth and fiscal imbalances. Our results indicate that the targeting developing countries are associated with lower and more stable inflation, as well as higher and more stable GDP growth. The targeting developed nations experience higher GDP growth and conduct more disciplined fiscal policy after adopting the regime. The improvements in fiscal imbalances may be at least partly attributed to the attempts to achieve an inflation target. We conclude that non-targeting countries, in particular developing ones, would highly benefit from targeting inflation.


This paper describes a post-stack methodology to compensate the amplitude loss prior to commencing further seismic reservoir characterization studies in Peciko field. The available 3D seismic data shows that the high frequency part (25-55 Hz) of the seismic signal contributes more significantly to the variability of extracted wavelet amplitude than the low frequency part (5-25 Hz) and within the high frequency part, the amplitudes of the extracted wavelets correlate positively with the RMS amplitude of seismic traces from which the wavelets have been extracted.


Introduction Behavioural and mental disorders have become a public health crisis and by 2020 may surpass physical illness as a major cause of disability. Early prevention is key. Two Incredible Years (IY) parent programmes that aim to enhance child well-being and development, IY Infant and IY Toddler, will be delivered and evaluated in a proportionate universal intervention model called Enhancing Social-Emotional Health and Wellbeing in the Early Years (E-SEE) Steps. The main research question is: Does E-SEE Steps enhance child social emotional well-being at 20 months when compared with services as usual? Methods and analysis E-SEE Steps will be delivered in community settings by Early Years Children's Services and/or Public Health staff across local authorities. Parents of children aged 8 weeks or less, identified by health visitors, children's centre staff or self-referral, are eligible for participation in the trial. The randomisation allocation ratio is 5:1 (intervention to control). All intervention parents will receive an Incredible Years Infant book (universal level), and may be offered the Infant and/or Toddler group-based programme/s—based on parent depression scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire or child social emotional well-being scores on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional, Second Edition (ASQ:SE-2). Control group parents will receive services as usual. A process and economic evaluation are included. The primary outcome for the study is social emotional well-being, assessed at 20 months, using the ASQ:SE-2. Intention-to-treat and per protocol analyses will be conducted. Clustering and hierarchical effects will be accounted for using linear mixed models. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approvals have been obtained from the University of York Education Ethics Committee (ref: FC15/03, 10 August 2015) and UK NHS REC 5 (ref: 15/WA/0178, 22 May 2015. The current protocol is Version 9, 26 February 2018. The sponsor of the trial is the University of York. Dissemination of findings will be via peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and public events. Trial registration number ISRCTN11079129; Pre-results.


The scene is considered as the management foothold of production, technology, quality, equipments, safety, and environment for workshop. Optimizing the scene management is not only a necessity for enhancing diathesis and strengthening development ability, but also a consciousness of strengthening the management involvement of employees. Therefore, scientific optimization of scene management is an inevitable requirement for promoting the overall management level.


Background and aims: As sex hormones reportedly alter homocysteine metabolism, we hypothesised that pesticides that exert anti-androgenic and estrogenic may affect total homocysteine (t-Hcy) concen...


Hot cracks in casting and welding are brittle intercrystalline failures formed in the period of completion of solidification in liquid low-melting interlayers formed between the crystals. In this period, referred to as the brittleness temperature range (BTR), the strength and ductility of the metal are very low and the strains, resulting from shrinkage, can exceed ductility. This is also the reason for the formation of hot cracks. Graphically, the conditions of the formation of cracks are shown in Fig. 1, where ductility properties of alloys in the solidus range change along line D, and strains from shrinkage of the weld increase during cooling along lines E1-E3. If the rate of increase of strains in the BTR is higher than ductility (E3 > D), a crack appears in the material. These assumptions, made for the first time by N Prokhorov, divide many scientists in Russia and abroad. In order to evaluate hot cracking resistance of the alloy, it is necessary to determine the boundaries of the BTR where ductility is law, and measure its values (Dmin). Consequently, the ratio Dmin/BTR determines the maximum rate of increase of strains not causing cracking. This rate (E2 in Fig. 1) is also the quantitative indicator of hot cracking resistance. Ductility is measured by the relative elongation of the specimen «5 (or by its transverse reduction in area r¡/, if the specimens contain a stress riser). With increase in length of the specimen the elongation becomes greater and it is more simple to record the low values of <5. It is necessary to ensure constant temperature along the length of the specimen and in the process of tensile loading to fracture. Therefore, in initial investigations' specimens 100-200 mm long were heated in a furnace. Consequently, it was shown that in the solidification temperature range and in the BTR ductility of the alloys is low but measurable and depends on the chemical compo-


Click chemistry between alkynes and azides high efficiently produces triazoles and would be a convenient tool for synthesis of discotic liquid crystal dimers, oligomers and polymers. In this report, triphenylenes containing terminal alkynes and azides were prepared, and the cycloaddition reaction (click chemistry) between them catalyzed by CuI-Et3N in toluene produced discotic liquid crystal dimers in high yield and good selectivity. The dimers and intermediates have been fully characterized by 1H NMR and high resolution MS. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show the dimers possess columnar mesophase in wide temperature range from very low temperature. The triazole moiety in the dimer can act as electron and hydrogen bond acceptor, and ionic forming part, rich chemical and physical properties can be expected from these new structure discotic dimers.


1. A method for treating a neoplasm in a subject, which comprises administering a vinorelbine ukazannyysposob or an analogue thereof and administering HKI-272 or its analoga.2. The method of treatment according to claim 1, wherein the introduction step are carried out simultaneously, sequentially, concurrently, or in a certain order according to a predetermined temporal zavisimosti.3. The method of treatment according to claim 1, wherein said vinorelbine or analogue thereof is administered as a single dozy.4. The method of treatment according to claim 1, wherein said HKI-272 or an analogue thereof is administered as a single dozy.5. The method of treatment according to claim 1, wherein said vinorelbine or analogue means vinorelbin.6. Method of treatment according to claim 1, wherein said HKI-272 or an analogue thereof is HKI-272.7. The method of treatment according to claim 1, wherein one or both of the components, i.e. vinorelbine or an analogue thereof and HKI-272 or an analogue thereof, is administered to said subject vnutrivenno.8. The method of treatment according to claim 1, wherein one or both of the components, i.e. vinorelbine or an analogue thereof and HKI-272 or an analogue thereof, is administered to said subject peroralno.9. Method of treatment according to claim 1, wherein said neoplasm is associated with overexpression or amplification of HER-2.10. The method of treatment according to claim 1, wherein said neoplasm is metastaticheskim.11. The method of treatment according to claim 1, wherein said novoobrazovanievybrano from the group consisting of lung cancer, breast cancer, myeloma, prostate cancer, cancers of the head and neck, transitional cell carcinoma, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix, and large-neuroendocrine carcinoma cervix matki.12 . The method of treatment according to claim 11, wherein said neoplasm is cancer grudi.13. The method of treatment according to claim 12, wherein said breast cancer is HER-2 positive breast cancer with metastazami.14. C


Evacuations from Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma in 2005 illuminated the issues with clearing large numbers of residents via urban areas' roadways and public transportation systems. In the Gulf Coast of Texas, problems arose from people not observing the designated evacuation zones and protocol. This was particularly acute in the Houston area when residents of that city in large numbers failed to await the exiting of people from Galveston Island and other coastal communities. Consequently, the roadways were clogged inland and residents in extremely high-risk areas were unable to leave. Newly developed software for transportation planning and traffic simulation can make a big impact on the way transportation professionals work. Rapid developments in computer power, mobile phone technology, and data transfer speeds, plus radical improvements in software are transforming the way in which information can be linked to government. A number of models exist that purport to forecast evacuation volumes under a variety of scenarios. A review of these models and their potential application shows how a number of communities could make better decisions about the best methods and routes for evacuation.


This paper present a code coverage analysis of a t-way test suite data using tuple space technology on network of PCs. Prior to testing of code coverage, the t-way test suite is generated using a distributed t-way test suite generation strategy, called TS_OP, and the generated test suite is parse with actual test data value into individual test case, testfile. The software under test (SUT) source code is load by Loader Manager along with the testfile that contain the actual test data for executing the test coverage into their respective partition and produces a test coverage result in term of class, method, block and line coverage. A case study of CGPA calculator as SUT is selected to measure the code coverage performance of t-way test suite with varying interaction strength, t on single and multiple machine environments. The distributed implementation analysis of distributed test suite code coverage is also done in term of speedup gained on a multiple machine environments. An encouraging result is obtained on code coverage and speedup for multiple machine environments as compared to single machine environment. Higher test coverage and speedup are obtained in higher machine environments.


Background Timely and efficient reperfusion is associated with better outcome from acute cerebral ischemia. The predictors of procedural success in patients treated with multimodal mechanical device strategies (Merci ± Penumbra ± angioplasty and stenting) have not been well delineated. Methods In a prospectively maintained database, we analyzed consecutive patients with acute ICA and M1 occlusions treated with endovascular recanalization following multimodal MRI. We investigated the pretreatment clinical and imaging factors affecting three procedural outcomes: number of passes, single device-type therapy, and presence of SAH after the procedure. We also sought to determine the relationship between these procedural variables with substantial recanalization (TICI≥2b) and clinical outcome. Results Among 105 patients meeting study entry criteria, mean age was 66.6 (±17.8), 65% were female and 34% had history of atrial fibrillation. The median pretreatment NIHSS was 18 (range 2-31), mean baseline DWI volume was 30.6cc (SD±35.1), and mean time to groin puncture was 412min (SD±207.6). The median number of mechanical device passes was 2 (range 0-8). 73 (70%) patients were treated with a single device. IV tPA was used in 43 patients (41%). Substantial recanalization occurred in 43 patients (41%). In the final binary logistic regression multivariate analysis, among all baseline clinical and imaging variables, history of atrial fibrillation was the most significant factor associated with a single device therapy (OR 0.249; p=0.024). Age, gender, baseline DWI volumes, arterial occlusion site and time to recanalization did not correlate with the number of attempts, single or multiple device usage, or presence of SAH after the procedure. None of the procedural or baseline variables correlated with recanalization rates. The strongest predictors of poor outcome (mRS≥3 at discharge) were high baseline NIHSS (OR 0.87; p Conclusions: A history of atrial fibrillation predicts single device usage in mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke treatment. This is likely due to the fibrin-rich histological composition of the clot. In contrast to prior studies involving a single type of device, increased number of passes with multiple different mechanical devices was not associated with lower recanalization rates and did not worsen clinical outcome.


To detect trace amounts of endotoxin in0.5% sodium bicar-bonate injection by the Tachyleus amebocyte lysate(TAL)test,a two-way ult-rafiltration technique with hollow fiber dialyzer was utilized.This technique couldremove the sodium bicarbonate and leave a solution which contained predominan- tly the endotoxin.


ABSTRACT The historical institution of slavery is unevenly memorialized across the US's cultural landscape. This unevenness is particularly noticeable in 'Deep South' states such as Mississippi and Louisiana, where cotton and sugar cane plantations once required vast numbers of slaves to economically succeed. While many antebellum plantation sites now function as tourist attractions complete with 'Big House' tours, they often ignore or annihilate the memory of slavery from plantation history. However, not all plantations and museums disregard slavery, and the owners and workers at these sites intentionally employ slavery counter-narratives to evoke empathy in visitors and create a more socially just cultural landscape. This paper examines three sites along and beyond River Road that employ counter-narrative techniques: the Natchez Museum of African-American History and Culture, Frogmore Cotton Plantation, and Whitney Plantation. The paper includes a discussion of each site's narrative tactics and how they stand out from other plantation sites in their representation of slavery. Engaging in growing conversations on the possibilities of empathetic responses to counter-narrative spaces, this paper argues that empathy – while important and possible for many visitors and consumers at these sites of memory – may preclude important political activism and greater solidarity between racial groups.


Results: Among 2508 respondents (70.9% female), 35.6%, 53.5% and 19.8% experienced at least one form of physical, emotional and sexual abuse, respectively. Physical abuse was more prevalent among boys (P < 0.001). For emotional and sexual abuse, sex differences were not statistically significant. Physical abuse was associated with living with the father, emotional abuse with living with the mother and sexual abuse with living with non-parents (P < 0.001).


The main aim of this study was to identify the enabling conditions that can lead to better wastewater management by industries (non-oil and gas sector) in Nigeria. The relevant data and information's required for this study were obtained through semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders in the Nigerian environmental sector. The lack of financial capability, technical expertise, and environmental awareness was envisaged as the main reason for non-compliance. According to the results, the enabling conditions that can lead to better decentralized wastewater management are government support, improved legal and regulatory framework, increased capacity, and skills of the regulators and financial arrangements for implementing environmental policies and treatment technologies in polluting facilities.


Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for gastric cancer, but its drug resistance often limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy, leading to treatment failure. Drug resistance can be divided into primary drug resistance and secondary resistance. It has showed that several factors were involved in the multidrug resistance of gastric cancer, including the expression of drug resistance-related proteins, abnormalities of apoptosis-related genes, dysfunction of DNA damage repair, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and non-coding RNA. The solution to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy is to overcome drug resistance or delay drug resistance. This article will explore the progress in multi-drug resistance of gastric cancer.

Key words:
Multidrug resistance; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Non-coding RNAs; Gastric neoplasm


We present the optical design, the error budget, the differential distortion budget and the baffle design of the Telescopio San Pedro Mártir f/5 Nasmyth configuration. The TSPM in its Cassegrain configuration will be assembled around a closed design (converted MMT/Magellan telescope) with most of its optical parts already manufactured. To anticipate for future possible upgrades, the project includes the design of an extreme f/5 Nasmyth configuration. Our optical design demonstrates the feasibility of the configuration, closes the interfaces to the telescope, provides a full picture of the expected performance, and identifies the critical points involved in the configuration.


In this article I attempt to present an expanse which is drawn between the expectations of the historians towards methodology of history and the possibilities of their realization by the methodologists. The most characteristic attitude of the historians towards the methodologist was (and to some extent still is) distrust. Its sources were most of all placed in a deeply rooted belief in a traditional model of research and emerging from it conviction about the need of rejecting every reflexion on a "more general nature" and a problem of imposing a certain theoretical perspective together with a certain ideological and axiological baggage. Ignorance was a main reason- methodology was/still is considered as everything which appears as a more general form of reflecting upon a scholarly background of a historian, his work or histories. Some role was also played by the attitude of the methodologists themselves. It is enough to mention here at least a barrier associated with a language used by them, incongruent with the one used on every-day terms by the practicing historians. Additionally, regardless of the fact that the expectations of the historians and their practical approach do not always go along with the interests of the methodologists, it is not difficult to notice that the theoretically-methodological texts are often addressed to the group of methodologists, and read and evaluated by them. Perhaps a change in this dimension or meeting the expectations of historians- of course within a scope associated with the methodology of history research subject- could perhaps break the barriers which have been in existence in the mutual relationships between historians and methodologists since practically the very beginning.


Male Cape horseshoe bats were studied in the Cape Province of South Africa (33 degrees 17'S, 26 degrees 25'E) between January 1983 and June 1985. The reproductive cycle is characterized by reactivation of the seminiferous tubules in early summer (October) after a 4-month (June to September) period of winter inactivity. Spermiogenesis occurred between January and April, and spermatozoa were released to the epididymides in April and May. Spermiogenesis was associated with Leydig cell activity and increasing plasma testosterone concentrations. At this time components of the reproductive accessory glands became secretorily active or showed increasing secretory activity. During winter Leydig cells were secretorily inactive and plasma testosterone concentrations dropped, but components of the accessory complex remained active. There was a second period of Leydig cell secretory activity and increasing and peak plasma testosterone values in late winter/early summer which may be associated with copulation or the initiation of a new cycle of spermatogenesis.


We have investigated a phosphatase‐sensitive sequential epitope of the nucleoprotein (N), one of the phosphoproteins of rabies virus, which is recognized by the monoclonal antibody (MAb) #5‐2‐26. The epitope was shared in common by all of the rabies virus strains we tested, including the HEP, ERA, CVS and Japanese strains (Nishigahara and Komatsukawa). Thin layer chromatography of the acid hydrolyzates of 32P‐labeled N protein showed that the protein contained phosphoserine and phospho‐threonine at a molar ratio of about 4 to 1, while no phosphotyrosine was detected. Immunoprecipitation studies with several deletion mutants of the N protein showed that the epitope is located in a region spanning from amino acid 344 to 415. If the phosphatase‐sensitive epitope is located at or near the phosphoamino acid, the location of the latter could be narrowed further to a region from amino acid 354 to 389 by comparing the amino‐acid sequences among the viral strains. To examine this assumption, point mutation was introduced by amino‐acid substitution with alanine at either of five potential phosphorylation sites (i.e., positions 354, 375, 377, 386 and 389) in the 354–389 region. Among those, only one substitution, at position 389, greatly affected the antigenicity. Substitution of serine‐389 by threonine also reduced the antigenicity. These results strongly suggest that serine‐389 is a phosphorylation site and essential for constructing or stabilizing the antigenic structure for MAb 5‐2‐26.


Therapeutic Community (TC) was introduced in Malaysia back in the early 1990's. TC was adopted from Daytop Village after rehabilitation officers attended a series of on-site training. Daytop model do not emphasis on religious aspects but when it was brought to Malaysia, Islam was made one of the primary components of TC. Compulsory five-time daily prayers, "Sunat" prayers, recitation of "doa", "zikir", reading Quranic verses and Prophet's "Sunnah" has been a practice in spiritual-based rehabilitation in Malaysia and many other Muslim countries such as Indonesia and Brunei are incorporated in TC. In addition, program such as daily morning and departmental meetings also discussed daily, weekly and monthly religious programs; maintenance of the mosque is incorporated into the job function and specific budget and time were allocated for religious practices. Clients who do not perform their religious duties will be subjected to queries by both staffs and other clients. Counseling and penalty was imposed for recalcitrant. Studies in Malaysia found that clients readily accept religious inputs in the program, as it will be a part of their life outside the rehabilitation center. For those who are not religiously inclined, rejections are also evident. Encounter group in TC helps them to discover these rejections. Non- Muslim are provided with their own place of worship and religious teachings in accordance to their beliefs, however are invited to interact in Islamic religious program that do not involve worshipping, because it focusses on common good life values. In conclusion, the of Islamic practices and values in TC has shown a positive effect on Muslim clients undergoing substance use treatment in Malaysia International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 01 No. 01 January'17. Page : 7-17


The purposes of this research are to determine the relationship of disaster knowledge and preparedness attitude toward adaptation behavior of society in facing landslide disaster. This research is Quantitative research. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, tests, questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used descriptive percentage and multiple correlation. The findingsomething of this research: the correlation analysis of disaster knowledge toward adaptation behavior obtained coefficient value equal to 0,479, preparedness attitude toward adaptation behavior obtained coefficient value equal to 0,511, disaster knowledge toward preparedness attitude coefficient number 0,429, and double correlation between disaster knowledge and preparedness attitude toward adaptation behavior obtained coefficient number of 0,586. From the research r calculated <rtabel then Ho is rejected and Ha accepted or there is relationship between disaster knowledge and preparedness attitude toward adaptation behavior of society in facing landslide disaster. Based on the Correlation Coefficient Interpretation Guidance table, the coefficient values in both research location is on moderate level of relationship. It happens because of the role factor of BPBD Semarang City that formed the disaster alert village as well as the role of the private sector in the construction of public facilities.


This paper describes the use of a novel from the 1980s, Kate Quinton's Days which documents an Irish immigrant's challenges related to health, finances, housing, and the complex navigation of a fragmented health care system and social services, as a pedagogical tool in the classroom. The objectives were to bring to light to the topic of aging in the context of issues related to the experience of care work, immigration, and long-term care in later life. The authors describe the integration of a variety of pedagogical tools and the professor's guided learning process a way to assist in informing students' on the challenges that older persons and their care partners face as they attempt to navigate the landscape of care and identity . Reflections from the undergraduate gerontology students are highlighted, including how students were able to connect with the narrative of the protagonist, Kate Quinton, through her journey. Keywords: immigration, carework, aging, learning through literature DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/65-06 Publication date: February 29 th 2020


The relationship between physical properties, physical capacity, and performance has been a source of interest for researchers. One of the main goals of the sport sciences is to increase the efficiency of the athletes and anticipate the development of athletes. The functional, physical, and physiological characteristics of the athletes are the factors that influence the sports performance. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the functional, physical, and physiological properties of the athletes (1-3).


Type-I diabetes was induced in rats by a single injection of streptozotocin(STZ).Directional diffusion-weighted imaging on the optic nerves were performed one month later to monitor the early optic neuropathy(e.g.,axonal injury and myelin sheaths damage) induced by diabetes.Water diffusivities parallel and perpendicular to the axonal tracts were measured by apparent diffusion coefficients ADC∥ and ADC⊥,respectively.Compared to the control animals,the STZ-treated animals showed a trend of reduced ADC⊥ in bilateral optic nerves,but less consistent changes in ADC∥.


Purpose: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in Turkey as well as all over the world. Treatments may affect respiratory function. The purpose of the study was to compare pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in women with breast cancer and healthy subjects. Methods: A total of 40 women, 20 women with breast cancer (Stage I and II, age: 43.6 ± 4.7 years, disease duration: 5.3±0.4 years) and 20 healthy volunteers (age: 40.1±8.3 years), were included in the study. Subjects' physical and demographic characteristics were recorded. Time from the diagnosis and medical treatments were recorded. Pulmonary function testing was performed. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) and forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% (FEF25-75%) were recorded. Inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP, respectively) was measured using a portable mouth pressure device. Results: Breast cancer patients' FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and FEF25-75% values were significantly lower than those of healthy subjects (p 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, pulmonary function testing in patients with breast cancer is affected whereas respiratory muscle strength was preserved. Assess ment of pulmonary function is thought to be necessary in individuals with breast cancer beginning from the diagnosis of the disease.


Increasing demand for quality, high speed mobile services, and the expected socioeconomic benefits associated to them, have turned the attention to the need for radio spectrum with specific characteristics. The underlying reason is that such services require spectrum which is a scarce and highly valuable input. Consequently, many countries have reassigned portions of spectrum in order to maximize the efficiency in its use. Mexico has been no exception to this trend but its efforts have to be accompanied by public policies that take into account key development and sector specific goals. One such goal is effective competition in telecommunications, which can be hampered by spectrum concentration. With this in mind, this paper shows that besides increased spectrum availability, what matters is its distribution among the operators. It does so by empirically testing the influence of spectrum concentration on competition in the cellular market. Results indicate a positive relation between the two variables and the paper presents Mexico as a case study in which spectrum has been unequally distributed and the mobile market has exhibited high concentration levels. Based on this example, the paper discusses regulatory options, focusing on


Tumor vaccination holds great promise for the treatment of cancer and research concerning tumor vaccination in dogs is of great interest for veterinary as well as human medicine. Indeed, cancer is the leading cause of death in adult dogs and companion animals are acknowledged as excellent preclinical models for human oncology. The license of the veterinary melanoma vaccine (Oncept™) and Provenge® for the treatment of prostate cancer in men established tumor vaccination as a valid treatment modality for cancer. Although the results with this and other vaccines are promising, there are still some hurdles to overcome. In this article, preclinical and clinical trials with tumor vaccines in dogs are discussed, as well as the surplus value of canine cancer patients for human medicine.


Graphene nanoribbons made on oxides Atomically precise nanographenes and nanoribbons have been synthesized on metal surfaces that catalyze cyclode-hydrogenation of precursors. However, for use in devices, these structures usually must be transferred to insulating or semiconducting surfaces. Kolmer et al. synthesized precise graphene nanoribbons on the surface of rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) that assisted the cyclode-hydrofluorination of specifically designed precursor molecules through a series of thermally triggered transformations. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy confirmed the formation of well-defined zigzag ends of the nanoribbons as well as their weak interaction with the substrate. Science, this issue p. 571 Graphene nanoribbons were electronically decoupled from the metal oxide surface on which they were synthesized. Atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) attract great interest because of their highly tunable electronic, optical, and transport properties. However, on-surface synthesis of GNRs is typically based on metal surface–assisted chemical reactions, where metallic substrates strongly screen their designer electronic properties and limit further applications. Here, we present an on-surface synthesis approach to forming atomically precise GNRs directly on semiconducting metal oxide surfaces. The thermally triggered multistep transformations preprogrammed in our precursors' design rely on highly selective and sequential activations of carbon-bromine (C-Br) and carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds and cyclodehydrogenation. The formation of planar armchair GNRs terminated by well-defined zigzag ends is confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, which also reveal weak interaction between GNRs and the rutile titanium dioxide substrate.


In recent years, the increased demand for wireless multimedia services has led to huge bandwidth crisis. The concept of Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) has been proposed as a solution. In CRN, higher Primary User Activity leads to an increased number of Pre-empted Secondary Users (PSU). Since the PSUs are given priority over New Secondary Users (NSU), the NSUs might get starved. Due to this priority of PSUs less number low priority users can be served. The advent of the Internet of Things, the traffic pattern has become unpredictable. All this reasons required a Dynamic Cognitive Channel Allocation (DCCA) algorithm which has been proposed in this work which balances the service among the PSUs and NSUs as per priority of SU as well as avoiding starvation. Analysis of the proposed algorithm using Continuous Time Markov Chain Model shows an improvement over existing literature of 44.44% in NSU dropping probability and 22.8% improvement in NSU blocking probability with respect to arrival of PUs. Varying the arrival of SUs has resulted in an improvement of 58% and 45.75% in the dropping and blocking probabilities of NSUs respectively. The starvation of SUs has lowered by 32.52% with varying arrival rate of PU and 41.38% with varying arrival rate of SUs


Syiling Emas Enterprise is a coin stockist company, which provides coin exchange services to entrepreneurs, lis estahUshmeut is to solve the problems faced by he
entrepreneurs who have little amount of coins. Shortage of coins will affect the running of such business