The invention discloses an electric leakage detecting protection circuit which is characterized by further comprising at least one simulative power supply switch. When a reset button is released, the at least one simulative power supply switch is switched off, and the whole electric leakage detecting protection circuit is uncharged; when the reset button is pressed, the at least one simulative power supply switch is switched on, the simulative leakage current can be automatically generated, and whether the electric leakage detecting protection circuit is out of validity period or not is detected automatically; after the reset button is reset, the at least one simulative power supply switch is switched to another status, and the simulative leakage electric current disappears; and the at least one simulative power supply switch is still switched on, so that a work electric power can be provided for the whole simulative electric leakage detecting protection circuit.


Objectives –  Reports have been made of an altered rate of extrathymic malignancies in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). This study compared the rate of such malignancies in a group of MG patients with an optimal control group.


The magnetic phases of the solid-solution system ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{La}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$S are analyzed by ac susceptibility, magnetization, and specific-heat measurements. The dominant contribution to the exchange interactions ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{La}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$S is of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY)\char21{}type; the effective RKKY interaction changes from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic at x=0.45. The system orders ferromagnetically for x\ensuremath{\ge}0.5; at low La dilution the ferromagnetic phase is inhomogeneous below the Curie point. For the diluted ferromagnetic range we derive critical exponents \ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\simeq}-1 and \ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\simeq}2 for the specific-heat and the susceptibility exponent, respectively. In the low-temperature specific heat there is a change from a ${T}^{3/2}$ law for low dilution toward a linear T dependence for higher dilution. For x\ensuremath{\le}0.5 the system exhibits spin-glass phenomena. In a narrow concentration range, a spin-glass phase with two freezing temperatures and a strong dependence on the atomic short-range order exists.


Clasts of Upper Albian (auritus Subzone) deep-water syntectonic deposits o f the Alkolea sea cliff outcrop (Mutriku, Basque-Cantabrian Basin), have been analysed in terms of size, lithology, sedimentary structures, fossil content, paleontological dating and stratigraphy. These deposits are related with- and fossilize- the SE margin of the Aitzeta structure, an interpreted syncline limb formed in the Late Albian. Similarities between syntectonic clasts and underlying rocks suggest that clasts are fragments derived from underlying units. Moreover, clast succession shows an inverted-clast stratigraphy, which demonstrates erosion and denudation of progressively older rock units. Denudation took place during and as a consequence of uplift and tectonic deformation of the Aitzeta structure, in agreement with structural data. The repeated coincidence of first appearances of new clasts with angular unconformities or disconformities suggests punctuated denudation, related with short-term uplift and deformation pulses. The oldest clast-supplying rocks allow to calculate the total denudation thickness, and therefore the minimum uplift of Aitzeta structure during auritus Subzone (Late Albian), in 350-390 m.


Several studies have shown that fat tissue is much more than merely a place of storage for energy- it is also a secretory highly active organ. The production and release of socalled "adipokines" can result in a chronic low-grade inflammation.
It was the aim of our study to examine the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) further. Specimens of the infrapatellar fat pad, white adipose tissue from the thigh, synovial membrane and synovial fluid from 37 patients were collected. The following adipokines were measured by immunoassay: IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1, Adiponectin and Leptin. These parameters were correlated with clinical parameters
We were able to prove that the infrapatellar fat pad is indeed a secretory active organ, but not the most prominent producer of the investigated specimens. We found adipokines not only in the tissue samples but also in synovial fluid, which indicates that osteoarthritis might indeed be also a systemic inflammatory disease and not just a condition caused by mechanical irregularities.


In this work, we study the effect of plasma nitriding on nano-hardness and corrosion resistance of low carbon steel samples. The plasma was generated through a radio-frequency inductively coupled plasma source. The substrate temperature increased (by the self-induced heating mechanism) with the treatment time for increasing negative bias voltages. X-rays diffraction analysis revealed the formation of nitride phases ( e -Fe 2-3 N and γ'-Fe 4 N) in the compound layer of the treated samples. A phase transition occurred from 3.5 kV to 4.0 kV and was accompanied by an increase in the volume fraction of the γ'-Fe 4 N phase and a decrease in that of the e -Fe 2-3 N phase. Auger electron spectroscopy revealed a deep diffusion of the implanted nitrogen beyond 320 nm. The nano-hardness increased by ~400% for the nitrogen-implanted samples compared to the untreated state, the nitride phases are believed to participate to the hardening. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements revealed that the plasma nitriding has improved the corrosion resistance behavior of the material. When compared to the untreated state, the sample processed at 4.0 kV exhibits a shift of +500 mV and a reduction to 3% in its corrosion current. These results were obtained for relatively low bias voltages and short treatment time (2 h).


The aim of this research is to analyze marketing channel, marketing institution, marketing function, marketing margin, marketing cost, marketing profit, corn farmer's share, marketing efficiency of maize in various channel in Kalampangan village. The results showed that: (1) marketing of corn in Kalampangan village there are two kinds of channels, where channel I involves four institutions namely: farmers, merchants village, retailers, and consumers. While channel II involves two institutions only, namely, farmers as traders and consumers. Maize's marketing functions are: sales function, purchasing function, storage function, transport function and facility function. (2) From calcution result at Marketing Channel I, total marketing margin of maize in Kalampangan Villge is Rp. 3.860,-/kg, total cost of corn marketing is Rp. 310,-/kg, total profit of corn marketing is Rp. 3.550,-/kg and the result obtained by corn farmer are 58,04%. From calculating result at Marketing Channel II, total margin of maize in Kalampangan Village is Rp. 2.160,-/kg, total cost of corn marketing is Rp. 310,-/kg, total profit of corn marketing is Rp. 1.850,-/kg and the result obtained by corn farmer are 71,20%. (3) marketing efficiency at Marketing Channel I equal to 41.96%, and on Marketing Channel II is 28,80%. Marketing efficiency value in Channel I is lower than marketing efficiency II, it is considered more efficient marketing Channel II.


This study examines the innervation zone (IZ) in the biceps brachii muscle in healthy subjects and those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using a 20-channel linear electromyogram (EMG) electrode array. Raster plots of individual waveform potentials were studied to estimate the motor unit IZ. While this work mainly focused on fasciculation potentials (FPs), a limited number of motor unit potentials (MUPs) from voluntary activity of 12 healthy and seven ALS subjects were also examined. Abnormal propagation of MUPs and scattered IZs were observed in fasciculating units, compared with voluntarily activated MUPs in healthy and ALS subjects. These findings can be related to muscle fiber reinnervation following motor neuron degeneration in ALS and the different origin sites of FPs compared with voluntary MUPs.


I calculate the rate of electromagnetic scattering in degenerate and partially degenerate plasmas composed of electrons, muons, protons, and neutrons. Correlations with strong interactions, induced by the polarizability of electromagnetically and strongly charged protons, are taken into account. At subnuclear densities induced interactions are shown to cause a drastic increase of the longitudinal scattering rate. The results obtained are particularly relevant for the electron contribution to transport in the outer core of neutron stars, and represent a first step towards a realistic calculation of transport phenomena in neutron star mergers.


The paper deals with a power charger capable of quick simultaneous charging of several unevenly discharged batteries. The charger is designed for use in conjunction with a recently developed power-assist wheelchair composed of two armrest modules associated with wheels—each with its own motor, driver and battery. Uneven discharge of the batteries is very possible in this application. Taking into account the charging power and energy comparable with the most powerful household electrical devices, the refreshing of these batteries and integration of the entire power supply chain into the household grid become a topical and challenging task. Solving of this task requires a special charger that has several channels and can unevenly apply charging power to these channels. At the same time, the charger must not generate current harmonics or reactive power, must operate with good efficiency and satisfy size constraints. In the given research, a configuration of several interleaved isolated single-ended primary-inductor converters is studied. The synthesized mathematical model of the proposed charger provides data about its static and dynamic characteristics while its experimental investigation focuses on operation details (power losses, control features etc.). The obtained results prove that the proposed concept complies with the above-mentioned requirements and can be applied in the discussed application.


Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 71-2, Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343(Received July 16, 2010 : Accepted July 29, 2010)Abstract: In terms of the system efficiency, it is very useful to apply the ejector into the fuelrecirculation system of a fuel cell system since the ejector needs no parasitic power to operate.Since the conventional automotive fuel cell use hydrogen and air as their fuel, the onlyhydrogen is needed to be recirculated for the better fuel efficiency. On the other hand, thesubmarine fuel cell needs both hydrogen and oxygen recirculation systems because the submarinedrives under the sea. In particular, the cathodic recirculation has to meet the tougher target sincethe oxygen based pressurized stack generally used in the submarine applications generates thesignificant amount of the water in the stack during the operation. Namely, the oxygen utilizationhas designed less than 50% in the whole operating range for the better exhausting of the generatedwaters. And thereby in terms of the oxygen utilization, the entrainment ratio of the ejectorshould be more than 1 within the whole operating range. However, the conventional ejector usinga constant nozzle can not afford to satisfy the mentioned critical requirement. To overcome theproblem, the dual-ejector and its control strategy are designed. The performance of the proposeddual-ejector is verified by the experiments based on the real operating conditions of the targetsubmarine system. Furthermore, the proposed design method can be used for the other fuel recir-culation system of a large-scale fuel cell system with the critical requirement of the fuel utilization.Keywords : Fuel cell, Submarine, Cathodic Recirculation, Dual-ejector


A method and apparatus for measuring a biological tissue or cells of the physical and chemical properties, the method can arbitrarily change the physical and chemical environment surrounding tissue or cells depending on the purpose of the experiment. The apparatus comprises a biological tissue or cells surrounding a constant means of maintaining (40); any means of changing the physical and chemical environment (50); means (10 and 20) determining the tissue or cell physicochemical properties; Comparative physical and chemical changes in the environment means tissue before and after physical or chemical properties of the cells (30). Monitoring means (10) is a potential measuring means for measuring electrophysiological properties of the tissue or cells, comprising the integrated cell placement device (1), which is provided with two or more microelectrodes (11) on a substrate, the cell is provided section (6) located thereon, for placing the cells or tissues described above, which further comprises a wiring pattern (pattern) (12), which provides an electrical signal to the microelectrodes (11) and deriving an electrical signal from the microelectrodes.


The operation of IT systems of Hungarian higher education institutions is governed only by general law. These institutions have a large amount of personal, economic and research data. The management of these organizations is defined by internal regulations which are not controlled in terms of form or substance. As a consequence, the security of Hungarian higher education IT systems currently varies from institution to institution. Internationally, the first step in the legislative regulation of higher education systems was published in the United States in 2004, followed by only general rules from European legislators. In recent years, however, this situation has changed, and in several countries, including Hungary, the extension of the legislation on state institutions to higher education systems has begun. At present this has manifested in placing of research institutes under national security protection. In the light of international trends and Hungarian development, it is expected that this process will continue.
One possible way to raise the IT security level is to place higher education institutions under Act L. of 2013. This, in addition to not being a simple process, would create a serious financial burden for the maintainer and would have a noticeable impact on institutional autonomy, teaching and research freedom. There is currently no public source of information on IT incidents or their success and management in higher education IT systems in Hungary. In my presentation, I review the IT data assets of Hungarian higher education and based on my personal experience, I give an overview of IT attacks on the sector and a what can be expected based on changes in the L. Law of 2013.


The beach chair or barbershop position is used to facilitate several forms of surgery, by placing the patient in a semi-sitting position. A standard operating table or a special "beach chair" table can be used. Typically the patient is placed in 10⁰ to 15⁰ of Trendelenburg, the hips are flexed to 45⁰ to 90⁰ and the knees are flexed to 30⁰. The feet are supported with a foot bar to keep the ankles at 90⁰. The head, neck and torso are supported in a neutral position by straps and or special attachments. 1

This position has been used to facilitate various forms of surgery: 2
a. Neurosurgery: Posterior fossa or cervical spine surgery.
b. Orthopaedics: Shoulder surgery, either open or arthroscopic.
c. Other: e.g. Thyroid surgery, Plastic surgery.


80 mg intravenously [IV]) titrated on the base of clinical effects (decrease of the acute rigidity, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation). Between the first and the sixteenth day, five to 20 boluses were administered daily (100 to 420 mg) and by day six he was receiving the maximum dose. We decided not to intubate but gave parenteral nutrition and continuous pulse oximetry monitoring. The muscle rigidity and spasm episodes decreased, allowing a progressive weaning off the diazepam infusion (it was stopped after 21 days). By day 10, he was able to eat. He left our ICU by day 16 when no more boluses of propofol were required, and was able to walk by day 21. He left the hospital one week later.


As the most advanced medium,Internet has its open,interactive,hidden features which have important and profound impact on ideological and political education in universities.It not only brings the unprecedented new opportunity to university's ideology and politics educational work,but also makes traditional ideology and politics educational work face the severe challenge.Under the new situation,the main measure to strengthen and improve ideological and political education lies in capturing the educational position of network with Marxism,perfecting network construction and improving the quality of staff of ideological education.


The spherical panoramic image from Ladybug3 in MMS can determine the coordinate of ground point without data from INS. The new mathematical model for spherical panoramic image and new procedure for image matching were developed for bundle block adjustment. Comparing result between data from INS and bundle block adjustment based on 20 check points. The RMSE will check in X, Y and Z direction. The reference result is determined from INS data the RMSE are±0.216 m., ±0.362 m. and ±0.308 m. respectively. However, when the manual tie points and photo control points added in first and last image are used, the corresponding RMSE are ±0.085 m., ±0.100 m. and ±0.039 m. respectively. When applied photo control points to all images the RMSE are ±0.092 m., ±0.109 m. and ±0.041 m. respectively. In addition, using tie points from computer vision and control points produce are ±0.303 m., ±0.330 m. and ±0.202 m. Finally, the RMSE decrease respectively to ±0.128 m., ±0.230 m. and ±0.071 m. after control points are added to all images.


Mars Science Laboratory is a scientific mission that places a 900 kg rover with 10 science instruments on the surface of Mars. 12A key component for landing on the surface of Mars is the aeroshell, which decelerates the entry vehicle to just 1% of its initial kinetic energy at atmospheric entry. The forward portion of the aeroshell is the heatshield which must be designed to withstand the pressure, heating, and shear stresses it experiences during the atmospheric deceleration process. The original exterior material chosen for the heatshield, SLA-561V, was the material used on all previous Mars aeroshells but required new qualification testing. Unfortunately, the material failed the more extreme environment 3 months after the aeroshell and project Critical Design Reviews. A rapid decision was required to switch to another material under test by the Orion program call Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA). With 18 months left to design, fabricate, test, and deliver this new heatshield for the MSL 2009 launch opportunity, the PICA heatshield team had to rapidly respond to the challenge and work in a manner that ensured success. This paper discusses the lessons learned from the original SLA-561V design implementation and the process used to ensure the success of the PICA design implementation.


Electrical wiring and interconnected systems (EWIS) have become a major area of research and development for variety of industries. A variety of factors lead to catastrophic failure described. Here partial discharge (PD) analysis methods for diagnosing aircraft wiring faults are explored since PD signals are strongly correlated with the defects that produce them and form an ideal part for prognostic and diagnostic test system. A simulation of PD signal based on high-voltage insulation testing standard is detailed. Wavelet based (time-frequency) analysis is shown to be a good approach to de-noise PD signals. Leading to an overall set of conclusions and on-going work.


Gyroscopes are widely used in various field. The instability of the low-cost gyroscopes makes them need to be calibrated on every boot. To meet the requirement of frequency calibration, finding an efficient in-field calibration method is essential. This paper proposes a fast calibration method that does not require any external equipment. We use the manual rotation angle as a calibration reference and linearize the calibration model. On the basis of this model, a G-optimal experimental design scheme is proposed, which can get enough calibration information with the least number of experiments. The simulations indicate that the calibration error is relatively low, and the results are unbiased. We empirically validate the effectiveness of the proposed method on two commonly used low-cost gyroscope and achieve real-time calibration on a low-energy microcontroller. We validate the proposed method by comparing the above method with the conventional turntable method. The experiment result shows that the error between these two methods is less than $\pm3 \times 10^{-2}$ and the calibration process takes less than 30 seconds. This method might have a practical implication for low-cost gyroscope calibration.


Seminar was one of the most important means to facilitate undergraduate teaching and improve the students' synthetical capability. In this paper, the teaching effects of seminar were investigated in the teaching specialized courses of biologic and chemical major. According to discuss the status, role, form, process of seminar, the important complementary role of seminar was researched in the teaching specialized courses of biologic and chemical major, especially, the period of specialized courses less than before. The results showed that, owing to the seminar, the professional knowledge was understand deeply, practical ability was improved, team working ability was improved, the presentation skills were cultivated and the teaching fund was saved. But during of the implementation process of seminar, the teachers' direction should be strengthen effectively, the seminar density should be control strictly, the understanding of students should be improve and the quality of manuscript and discussion should be enhanced. After implementation of seminar, the students' professional skills, presentation skills, engineering consciousness, practical ability were increased substantially. The student can adapt the social demanding sooner and better.


INTRODUCTION: The dual plate osteosynthesis technique for fixation of inter-condylar distal humerus fracture is now considered an accepted treatment modality. It provides a rigid fixation of fracture fragments to enable early post-operative mobilization for good outcome. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of study is to assess the morbidity and clinico-radiological outcome of the dual plating osteosynthesis technique used for fixation of inter-condylar distal humerus fractures (DHF) via trans-olecranon approach METHODOLOGY: This perspective cross sectional study was carried at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dow Medical College / Civil Hospital Karachi from June 2014 to March 2016. A total of 21adult patients with comminuted inter-condylar fracture of the distal humerus operated with dual plating osteosynthesis technique via trans-olecranon approach were evaluated clinically and radiologically for functional outcome based on Jupiter criteria including alignment and fracture union after a mean follow-up of 8 months. Post surgical complications were noted. Fractures were classified according to Muller et al (AO). Patients with polytrauma, pathological fracture, open fracture and a fracture more than 2 week old were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Out of the 21 patients, 38% were female and 62% were male. 52.3% had left elbow while 47.6% had right elbow involvement. The mean age was 31 years (range 20 50 years). Mean time between injury and internal fixation was 4.8 days. The mean follow-up period was 8 months. As per AO classification, 10 cases were C1, 7 cases C2 while 4 cases were in C3. The most common cause of fracture was road traffic accident in 13 cases. All fractures achieved anatomical restoration of articular surface and were united in average 14.6 weeks. The clinical results were evaluated for functional outcome based on Jupiter criteria. According to that criterion, satisfactory results were obtained in all patients. We had no instance of postoperative deep infection and neurological complications, only Backing of olecranon K-wires were noted in 5 patients (23.8%). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that dual plate osteosynthesis technique is an effective procedure for fixation of inter-condylar distal humerus fracture, achieves rigid fixation and hence, early mobilization. Additionally use of olecranon osteotomy offers best fracture exposure of distal humerus. Complications were minimal and healing satisfactory.


Over the last few years, integration of stochastic methods into a multiscale framework or development of multiscale models in a stochastic setting for epistemic uncertainty quantification (UQ), analysis and design of physical systems is becoming an emerging research frontier. Nevertheless, to find competitive solutions, we need an extended, wider panorama, by using new eyes. To grasp a more reliable representation of reality and to get stronger biological and physical system measurement and correlates, researchers and scientists need two intelligently articulated hands: both stochastic and combinatorial approaches synergically articulated by natural coupling. It is much better to consider ontological uncertainty as an emergent phenomenon out of a complex system, where the notion of anticipation can offer competitive computational solutions. A few examples are presented and discussed.


In this paper an innovative air driven spindle for micro cutting applications is presented. The spindle uses a viscous traction concept which has the advantage that the viscous traction forces can act directly on the cylindrical part of the tool, which makes the tool-holder redundant. Furthermore, the tool can be actuated in the axial direction within the housing. In this paper the concept of the viscous turbine, a design of a prototype spindle along with the traction and load-capacity of the spindle are discussed.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


ABSTRACT This article presents the results of the LNEC-3D shaking table tests on two mock-ups, Brick House and Stone House, carried out in the scope of the workshop "Methods and challenges on the out-of-plane assessment of existing masonry buildings." The mock-ups have a U shape with one facade wall and two orthogonal sidewalls. The facade has a central opening and a gable on top, whereas the two sidewalls, acting as abutments, are either blind or have a window. A unidirectional seismic action, in the perpendicular direction to main wall, was applied. Out-of-plane behavior of the facade was found, even if the response was clearly influenced by the presence of the window in one of the sidewalls, which led to significant torsion of the structure. The detailed description of the two tests and the conclusions are presented. The response of the mock-ups was evaluated based on the displacements, damage, and collapse mechanisms developed as function of an increasing intensity earthquake testing protocol, in which a pre-processed strong ground motion component of the Christchurch (New Zealand) earthquake (February 21, 2011) was used.


resource depletion. However, judgments about the state and importance of public opinion on environmental issues prove much more difficult. The purpose of this paper is to review a number of recent surveys of public opinion towards the environment in Austral:a and to bri.efly discuss the underlying viewpoints which appear to shape those opinions. Public opinion is significant for the environmental movement in as much as it


A series of microcalorimetric experiments were performed to evaluate the As(III), Fe(II), P and their joint effects by analyzing the thermodynamic parameters, microbial growth rate constant k, total heat evolution QT, inhibitory ratio I and highest heat flow Pmax. They were obtained from power-time curves of the growth of P. fluorescens. The effect of mixed As(III), Fe(II) and P were moderate, compared with control, single As(III) or Fe(II). In addition, FT-IR spectra of dry P. fluorescens after the adsoption of As(III) and Fe(II) and their mixture showed that Fe influenced the C-H bonds of the functional groups on the cellwall, the As(III) caused litter effect.


The invention discloses a method for analyzing content of antioxidants in vegetable oil on the basis of criterion of a space angle. The method comprises the following steps of detecting an obtained vegetable oil sample by using an ultraviolet spectrometer to obtain spectroscopic data (a) of the vegetable oil sample; acquiring a standard spectroscopic database (v) of to-be-detected components TBHQ, BHA and BHT; and acquiring a background spectroscopic database (N) which does not comprise the to-be-detected components TBHQ (or BHA and BHT). According to the method, the contents of three antioxidants in the vegetable oil sample can be analyzed simultaneously by one-step modeling only, and problems of complexity in operation, high analyzing cost and low analyzing efficiency in the prior art are solved. The method is low in analyzing cost, easy to operate and high in analyzing efficiency, is quite suitable for quickly analyzing a large number of like samples, and is easy to popularize and use.


development of sociology has been slow. This volume is therefore, indeed, welcome. It is illustrative of the condition of sociology in Australia that well over half the seventeen authors are from other disciplines. The editors, who are responsible for four of the nineteen chapters, are political scientists. Footnotes in many chapters, however, show that the authors are cognizant of sociological studies made elsewhere. Each author attempts to assemble pertinent data from as wide a variety of sources as possible, and most suggest some interpretation of what they present. The topics considered are population, including family size and fertility; class and status; religious behavior; education; politics; social welfare; the family; divorce ; painting and drama; mass media; the economy; rural and urban Australia; the aborigines; and the urban consumer. As the editors point out, there are gaps in this list &dquo;reflecting blank spaces in knowledge.&dquo; Among others they list crime, delinquency, and suicide. The most surprising omission, not mentioned, is the lack of any discussion of the labor movement, its organizations, and the social processes by which Australia has arrived at its progressive and workable labor legislation. The chapters are of unequal merit. That on &dquo;The Economy&dquo; contains useful and interesting information but ignores the fact that the collective economic behavior of men is social behavior, susceptible of sociological analysis. The excellent chapter on &dquo;Education&dquo; omits mention of adult education and the often significant social groupings of its participants. A similar omission occurs in the chapter on &dquo;Rural Australia&dquo; which makes no mention of the Agricultural Bureaus and the extension work of the states. It also dismisses with a footnote the approximately two hundred country towns in Australia, which because of the low-population density are in some ways more important than &dquo;service station&dquo; villages are to farmers in the United States. This chapter also omits any reference to the excellent reports of the Rural Reconstruction Commission


Moxifloxacin is a new fluoroguinolone,possesses all of these characteristics:have an appropriate breadth of antibacterial activity;maintain a low level of bacterial resistance;achieve high concentrations at key sites of infection; be dosed once (preferably) or twice a day;have few or no interactions with other drugs;have few or no adverse side-dffects,particularly phototoxicity, hepatic or CNS effects.


This paper describes the withdrawal from a reservoir of two layers through separate valves which are downstream of a contraction. The fluid is considered as inviscid and the flow gradually varied. The variations of flow profiles obtained are shown and the limitation the contraction places on the total discharge and on the ratio of the discharge from each layer is discussed.


The self-consistency among the radar horizontal reflectivity (Zh), differential reflectivity (Zdr) and specific differential phase (KDP) has been revealed from many in-situ raindrop spectral observations. It depends on radar wavelength but it is insensitive to the variability of the drop size distribution. In this study, two radar calibration methods proposed by Ryzhkov et al. (2005) and Gourley et al. (2009) using the self-consistency theory have been used to detect Zh biases on the French operational weather radars working at S, C and X bands. The results have been compared to those obtained from the monitoring of ground clutter echoes. The Ryzhkov's method working at radar gates can determine the Zh bias with a large sample size. However, its incertitude is very sensitive to the quality of KDP estimation. The high (or low) KDP values obtained from the self-consistency relationship tends to be always larger (or smaller) than the KDP estimated from Phidp. As a result, the determined Zh bias is unstable, varying vastly from light rain cases to intense rain situations. The Gourley's method working on entire radar rays is independent from the KDP estimator. However, the sample size of radar rays selected in the calibration is often too small. Sensitivity tests of the thresholds used in this method are carried out for S, C and X bands radars, respectively. With the new thresholds, daily Zh calibration is achieved with error less than 1 dB.


The K2Pb[Co(NO2)6 ]submicron particles were prepared by reverse microemulsion method in the W/O( Water/ Oil) system. The product characteristics such as diameter,components and structure were investigated by scanning electronic microscopy( SEM) and X-ray diffractometry( XRD),and the catalytic performances of K2 Pb[Co( NO2)6 ]were studied. Results show that the morphology of K2 Pb[Co(NO2)6 ]is cube structure; the product particle size increases with increasing of ω; the particle size of the product was little affected with an increase reaction time,but the agglomeration of the product particles was changed seriously; the K2Pb[Co(NO2)6 ]can be prepared by two different ways,but two kinds of different particle sizes of products were obtained; the explosion heat value of K2Pb[Co(NO2)6 ]is 2 328 J/g; the impact sensitivity of K2Pb[Co(NO2)6 ]is H 50 60 cm,and the friction sensitivity is 0%; the K2Pb[Co(NO2)6 ]has a better catalytic effect on thermal decomposition of HMX,and the smaller the particle sizeis,the better catalytic effect will be.


Over the past forty years, archaeology and tourism have transformed life in the small village of Coba, Quintana Roo, Mexico. In this brief history I seek to trace locals' shifting relationships with the archaeological ruins nearby and the archaeologists and tourists who have been and continue to be drawn to them. My overview is organized and expanded around four key linked sets of changes to village life: economic expansion, religious diversification, educational opportunity, and language shift. The questions that will guide my analysis of these sets of changes are: who are the "Maya"? What do Coba people think makes people tick? And what are local views of what outsiders often call "the supernatural"? Beyond the comparative value this paper will have for those interested generally in the local ramifications of academic archaeology and global tourism, it will provide a firm grounding from which to interpret future changes in the beliefs and practices of Coba locals with regard to their relationships to and understandings of the ancient relics that form one part of their heritage.


A similarity rule due to Markovitz is used for the correlation of the relaxation modulus for different polymeric materials. This rule has long been employed implicitly in the empirical shifting rules for the reduction to common curves of viscoelastic data measured on the same polymer over a range of temperatures and concentrations. It is shown here for the rubbery regime of polydisperse polymers that when relaxation moduli are scaled with the steady-state compliance and the time with the mean relaxation time, data for a variety of amorphous polymeric materials tend to plot on a common curve. This suggests that the dimensionless rubber modulus is, to first order, a common function of dimensionless time for materials which include whole polymers and polymer solutions, the effects of temperature and concentration being automatically incorporated into the two scaling parameters. For materials with sufficient polydispersity the correlation appears to be valid over a wide range of the available experimental data. These amorphous materials appear to share only one feature, flexible molecules with broadly distributed molecular weights. For narrowly dispersed polymers the modulus in the terminal zone is also correlated according to the above rule, but the influence of other parameters appears as the transition to the glassy regime is approached. An additional application of the similarity rule allows the relaxation modulus computed from molecular dynamics simulations of idealized polymers to be compared with experimental moduli for real materials even though the characteristic times for these systems differ by more than ten orders of magnitude.


Fair resource allocation in humanitarian medicine is gaining in importance and complexity, but remains insufficiently explored. It raises specific issues regarding non-ideal fairness, global solidarity, legitimacy in non-governmental institutions and conflicts of interest. All would benefit from further exploration. We propose that some headway could be made by adapting existing frameworks of procedural fairness for use in humanitarian organizations. Despite the difficulties in applying it to humanitarian medicine, it is possible to partly adapt Daniels and Sabin's 'Accountability for reasonableness' to this context. This would require: (1) inclusion of internally explicit decisions and rationales; (2) publicity to donors, local staff, community leaders and governments, as well as frank answers to any beneficiary—or potential beneficiary—who asked for clarification of decisions and their rationale; (3) a consistent reasoning strategy to weigh conflicting views of equity in specific situations; (4) advocacy within the organization as a mechanism for revision and appeals; and (5) internal regulation according to publicly accessible mechanisms. Organizations could generate a common corpus of allocation decisions from which to draw in future similar cases. Importantly, the complexity of these challenges should encourage, rather than hinder, broader discussion on ethical aspects of resource allocation in humanitarian medicine.


Creamy dulce de leche is a product made from concentrated milk by heating, and adding sucrose. Ambrosia is a variety of dulce de leche prepared by adding eggs and sugar into milk. Aiming at identifying the genera of filamentous fungi isolated from creamy dulce de leche and ambrosia, 40 ambrosia and 20 creamy dulce de leche samples were analyzed in the present study. Filamentous fungi and yeast counts and the identification of genera of the isolated filamentous fungi were performed. Thirty-nine samples (65%) showed filamentous fungi and yeast counts that exceeded the acceptable limits. Six fungus genera were identified, and among them the Penicillium was the most frequent. These findings are a warning of the requirement for strict control on good manufacturing practices as well as on the inspection and monitoring of ambrosia and creamy dulce de leche trading.


The article considers the main digital transformational changes in the banking business. The current state of banks' use of financial digital technologies is analyzed, and the factors of digital transformation that affect their financially stable development are singled out. It is determined that the digitalization of the world economy over the past decade has posed new challenges to the banking system, which are caused by increased competition in the financial services market. The factors of emergence of financial intermediaries of the new generation and the need for digital transformation of contemporary banks are described. It is proved that the digital transformation of the banking sector of the economy is due to the development of financial technologies, digital marketing channels and innovation. Three main holistic proposals for FinTech development have been identified. The digital transformation of the banking business is changing not only the supply to customers. It is changing the contours of the business and staffing requirements. Such tools as ATMs and self-service terminals, telephone banking, SMS banking, Internet banking and mobile banking represent the evolution of customer access channels to banking services based on the use of information and communication technologies. The article considers the basic scheme of transformation of a classical bank into a dynamic system of a digital bank by gradually forming the directions of digital distribution. Further digital transformational changes in the banking business should be aimed at the vectors of financial education of consumers of banking services, regulation of the cryptocurrency market in Ukraine, definition of common standards of regulation and supervision of banks and non-banking institutions in the area of digital financial services.


Scholars who use English as an additional language (EAL) worldwide are under increasing pressure to write and publish in English due to the pervasive publish‐or‐perish culture and the growing dominance of English in academia. While previous studies have focused either on textual differences between EAL scholars' writing and native writers', or explored the difficulties EAL scholars meet and strategies they employ in the process, this paper examines a longitudinal case of a Chinese engineering scholar using online machine translation (MT) to support his academic writing and publishing in English. Drawing from the technology acceptance model as the theoretical background, this study shows that online MT can be a crucial support for scholars with limited English proficiency in the process of preparing a manuscript, submitting it and communicating with editors and reviewers. Frequently occurring problems in machine‐translated academic texts include improper use of technical terms, use of informal language and the inclusion of grammatical mistakes. However, in the last decade, online MT has made great improvements in academic translation. We believe these findings can empower EAL scholars to effectively use online MT in academic English writing and inspire educators to help novice scholars mobilize various high‐tech tools such as online MT to support their writing and international publishing.


This paper defines a probabilistic, life-cycle loss evaluation method to evaluate the total ownership cost of power transformers that are obliged to exclusively serve large wind plants. The method that is introduced responds to the ongoing efforts of developing risk and cost-based decision-making processes in today's competitive and dynamic energy markets. Therefore, capitalizing the losses and, consequently, the ownership cost of transformers, serving intermittent wind energy sources, entails a probabilistic approach that integrates the financial and technical characteristics as well as the uncertainties of wind energy generation.


The experiment on compound fertilizers on highland barley in Toutang village,Haomen township,Menyuan county were conducted,the results showed the yield of applying compound fertilizers 41.3% higher than CK,16.7 % higher than farmer conventional fertilization.


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Background: Heart failure is a global public health issue that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction plays critical roles in the progression of heart failure; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Because kinases have been reported to modulate mitochondrial function, we investigated the effects of DYRK1B (dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1B) on mitochondrial bioenergetics, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. Methods: We engineered DYRK1B transgenic and knockout mice and used transverse aortic constriction to produce an in vivo model of cardiac hypertrophy. The effects of DYRK1B and its downstream mediators were subsequently elucidated using RNA-sequencing analysis and mitochondrial functional analysis. Results: We found that DYRK1B expression was clearly upregulated in failing human myocardium and in hypertrophic murine hearts, as well. Cardiac-specific DYRK1B overexpression resulted in cardiac dysfunction accompanied by a decline in the left ventricular ejection fraction, fraction shortening, and increased cardiac fibrosis. In striking contrast to DYRK1B overexpression, the deletion of DYRK1B mitigated transverse aortic constriction–induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Mechanistically, DYRK1B was positively associated with impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics by directly binding with STAT3 to increase its phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation, ultimately contributing toward the downregulation of PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α). Furthermore, the inhibition of DYRK1B or STAT3 activity using specific inhibitors was able to restore cardiac performance by rejuvenating mitochondrial bioenergetics. Conclusions: Taken together, the findings of this study provide new insights into the previously unrecognized role of DYRK1B in mitochondrial bioenergetics and the progression of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Consequently, these findings may provide new therapeutic options for patients with heart failure.


The system consisting of two identical artificial atoms (qubits), resonantly interacting with the mode of quantum field of an ideal microwave cavity in the presence of Kerr nonlinearity, is considered. For the considered model, an exact solution of the quantum Liouville equation for the full density matrix of the system two qubits + resonator field mode is obtained. To solve the quantum equation of evolution, the representation of dressed states, that is, the eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian, was used. A complete set of dressed states of the considered model is found. With its help, the solution of the evolution equation was initially found for coherent initial states of qubits and Fock states of the field, that is, states with a certain number of photons in the resonator mode. Then, the above solution was generalized to the case of the thermal state of the resonator field. A reduced density matrix of two qubits is found by averaging over the field variables. The two-qubit density matrix is used to calculate the parameter of qubit entanglement in the analytical form. Concurrence was chosen as a quantitative criterion for qubit entanglement. A numerical simulation of the time dependence of the consistency of qubits for various parameters of the model and the initial states of qubits was carried out. The most interesting result seems to be that taking into account the initial coherence of qubits in the model with Kerr nonlinearity leads to a significant increase in the maximum degree of entanglement of qubits induced by the thermal field, even in the case of high intensities of the resonator field.


ABSTRACT Right-wing populists legitimize their political agenda by promoting cultural ideas. At the same time, support for right-wing populists is fueled by a sense of economic injustice. How do these two factors interact? This article addresses this question by tracing how these actors promote 'economic narratives' about the past. It studies how two right-wing populist parties – AfD in post-communist (former East) Germany and ANO in the Czech Republic – publicly reference and remember the disruptive nature of economic change during the transition from Communist rule to market society after 1989. Despite their notable differences, both parties offer interpretations that suggest that the structure of social recognition in market society is broken and that there is a need to repair it. They do so, first, by offering a reading of the past centered on corruption (understood, however, not as the corruption of politics by the market, but as that of market justice by politics); and second, by emphasizing resilience and a commitment to hard work, thus projecting economic strength and conjuring a notion of economic belonging (a sense of 'us' as subjects worthy of respect), against the backdrop of the post-1989 period.


Summary

The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the variation in relative abundance of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) subjected to various man-induced stresses and physical characteristics at a landscape scale across Ontario; and (ii) ascertain the factors that explain the variability observed among rivers using a multivariate approach. A standardized index netting program targeting juvenile and adult Lake Sturgeon was conducted over two field seasons at 22 river sites across Ontario. Each river had unique or different human-induced stresses and physical characteristics. Relative abundance of Lake Sturgeon varied in river across the Ontario landscape. A principal component analysis was conducted using site physical characteristics with the associated anthropogenic stressors. The catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for juvenile and adult Lake Sturgeon were then regressed with the scores of principal components having eigenvalues >1. The variation observed was best explained by the negative relationship observed between CPUE and the presence of hydroelectric generating stations. Historical commercial fisheries also had an effect on Lake Sturgeon abundance whereas subsistence fisheries seemed to focus on rivers that were not regulated and where Lake Sturgeon numbers were greater. Research and recovery efforts should focus on minimizing the impact of hydroelectric generation on Lake Sturgeon while achieving socioeconomic goals.


For almost two hundred years, diabetes mellitus has been a major health problem worldwide. While there has been progress in our knowledge of its pathophysiology and treatment, the therapeutic choices available today are woefully inadequate. The goal of transdermal medication delivery systems is to provide therapeutically effective doses of a medicine via the skin. The medicine is released at a steady, regulated pace thanks to the design of these devices. As a result, it is well suited for the management of long-term conditions like diabetes. Thus, the risks and inconvenient nature of the oral and parenteral routes are avoided. The purpose of this study is to develop and test eucalyptol transdermal patches for the treatment of diabetes. Drug distribution from different polymer-based transdermal patches might be enhanced by using oleic acid as a penetration enhancer. Matrix-style transdermal patches, composed of PVP K30, HPMC K100, and solvent, were created utilizing solvent casting procedures. By using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, researchers were able to examine the drug's and polymers' physicochemical compatibility. No evidence of physical or chemical incompatibility between the medication and the polymers was found. The patches also underwent a battery of physical tests in addition to the in-vivo research. The patches with the polymers, that is, PVP K30, HPMC K100, and oleic acid as the penetration enhancer, were regarded the best formulations for the transdermal distribution of eucalyptol based on the findings obtained from the physical assessment, ex vivo investigations, and in-vivo studies.


Examining students' impressions of the High-stakes Ethiopian Secondary School Leaving Certificate English Examination's washback effect on learning was the study's main goal. It also sought to determine whether students' academic accomplishments affected how they perceived the washback effect of the exam on their learning. A mixed-approach descriptive survey research design was used to solve the problems. We collected data via a questionnaire, targeted group discussions, and document analysis. The data was collected using random sampling from two schools: Arjo and Leka Nekemte secondary schools which are found in East Wallaga zone, Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. Using the statistical package for the social sciences version 20 to survey 94 students, descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to evaluate quantitative data. The study of the data extracted from the focused group discussions of the students was qualitatively interpreted. The results demonstrated that the students' impressions of the Ethiopian Secondary School Leaving Certificate English Examination washback on the aim of learning English, textbook content, and material choices are noted. There were no statistically significant variations on the learning objective of English and students' textbook with regard to perceptual disparities among students due to their academic achievements. On the students' selection of resources, however, there were statistically significant disparities. The results suggested that the English portion of the Secondary School Leaving Certificate has a detrimental impact on pupils' learning. Teachers should therefore complete tasks on how to encourage positive washback with their students, the Ethiopian National Educational Assessment and Examination Agency, and curriculum designers for English.


Objective:To investigate nursing experience of cirrhosis patients concurrent with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Methods:90 cases of cirrhosis concurrent with upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients were given careful treatment and care,observed their effects.Results:Among the 90 patients,2 patients died of hepatic encephalopathy and 1 patient died of rebleeding(3.3%) .5 cases(5.6%) ceased treatment and the rest 82 patients(91.1%) were discharged from hospitals upon recovery after meticulously treatment and nursing.Conclusion:Good clinical care can reduce the mortality rate and improve the quality of life of cirrhosis patients concurrent with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.


With the rapid development of information technology and network technology, all kinds of data increase exponentially, and the traditional relational databases cannot handle these data well, which is also reflected in the sharp increase in the number of college students. The amount of students' information is increasing exponentially and the simple management method in the past can no longer meet the needs of the new situation. This paper adopts B/S mode and three-tier architecture and relies on network technology and ASP.NET technology to design and implement the student information management system. The system is divided into eight functional modules: comprehensive information inquiry for students, scholarship evaluation, evaluation and award, economic recognition, student loan management, student violation, communication and feedback, and system management. Different operation interfaces are designed according to four users with different permissions: students, class tutors, college administrators, and student affairs offices. This paper describes the system analysis, design, and implementation in detail. The practice results show that the initial use of the student information database management reflects well and achieves the expected goal. The system is easy to maintain and extensible and has good application value. The operation of the system has greatly improved the management efficiency of student affairs and enabled the student affairs administrators to complete various student affairs more efficiently. Campus information construction is becoming an important part of the overall construction of colleges and universities, and it is also a basic and continuous work. Accelerating the establishment of a set of comprehensive, perfect, and efficient student comprehensive management information systems is an urgent need to promote the modernization of college student management. The modernization, informatization, and standardization of college student management are a complex systematic project. Only by relying on modern information technology can we cope with the base pressure brought by the continuous enrollment expansion of college students, promote the flat and intensive utilization of college management information, and improve the efficiency and quality of service.


The article concerns arson and citizens' activism in Boston. The dimensions of the arson problem in the United States and the failure of law enforcement by government agencies are discussed, as part of an analysis of arson as an organized crime enterprise. Like other forms of racketeering, arson for profit typically involves recognizably "criminal" entrepreneurs and their underlings, as well as a network of corrupt officials in police and fire departments and insurance com panies. The greatest profits, however, are made by banks and "legit imate" real estate investors whose lending and development practices create the incentive for arson and yield the greatest benefits from land use conversion in the cities. Various forms of action by citizens have followed both the arson wave and the recent cutbacks in fire protec tion in major cities. The fragmented and contradictory nature of the sometimes explosive reaction points to the power of the political ma chine in Boston, as well as to larger race and class conflicts rooted in the capitalist urban economy.


The structural, chemical, and electrical properties of a number of transition-metal bisdithiolenes and tetrathiolenes are studied through qualitative MO and band structure calculations. The formation of metal-metalor metal-sulfur-bonded dimers of bisdithiolenes is found to depend on a delicate balance of several factors: sulfur lone-pair repulsion between the monomers, size and occupation of the transition metal's d orbitals, and steric repulsions between substituents in the dithiolene ligands. Regular stacks of transition-metal bisdithiolenes are predicted to be unstable toward Peierls distortions for integral oxidation states. The sulfur lone-pair repulsions are responsible for the slippage of the stacks as well as for the sliding of neighboring stacks, giving rise to triclinic crystals. The resulting stacking pattern can produce mixing of the u and K sulfur lone pairs, hence two dimensionality in the electrical conductivity. An isolobal analogy allows one formally to replace carbon-carbon double bonds by a metal atom, providing the orbital foundation of a structural and electrical analogy between transition-metal bisdithiolenes and tetrathiofulvalene derivatives. The coordinative ability of the simplest tetrathiolene, ethylenetetrathiolate (ett), is analyzed. Of the two coordination modes available for this ligand, the dithiolene-like mode is found to be more stable than the dithiocarbamate-like one both for discrete and polymeric compounds. But the dithiocarbamate coordination mode should be accessible. A likely structural candidate for the polymers M(ett) is a planar ribbon; a band composed of the metal d,, and a ligand K orbital shows dispersion due to through-bond coupling and could account for one-dimensional electrical conductivity. Alternative oneand two-dimensional structures for the as yet unknown compounds M2(ett) and M3(ett) are also studied. While much has been learned about transition-metal dithiolenes,' an interesting remaining intellectual challenge is the attainment of that degree of the understanding of their structural and electronic properties that could give rise to the design and synthesis of low-dimensional materials with metallic or semiconducting properties. The mode of association of metal dithiolenes is the subject of this work. The metal bisdithiolenes 1 (R = H, CN, CF3, and Ph; n = 0, 1, and 2) are planar compounds which may appear in the crystal state as isolated units,2 as dimers with metal-sulfur bond^,*^,^*^ n2a, metal-metal bonded dimer^,^ 2b, or as partially oxidized stacks featuring metal-metal bonds and different degrees of pairing distortion.6 Much less is known about the analogous compounds


Aim: To determine the profitability of adding value to roasted meat by the processors in Mubi-north Local Government Area of Adamawa State. Methodology: Cross sectional data was taken from 70 roasted meat processors through semistructured questionnaire. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and value addition model. Results: Result of the study revealed that majority (88.57 %) of the roasted meat processors were male who were within the age range of 26 and 55, with most (84.28 %) having formal education. Also, it was found that chicken (720) processing had the highest margin of value addition among five different type of meat captured. More also, processors perceived value addition on roasted meat (suya) to be profitable. The processors reported poor storage facilities and inadequacy of finance for the purchase of input as the most worrisome. Original Research Article Awoyemi et al.; SAJSSE, 9(3): 20-29, 2021; Article no.SAJSSE.64772 21 Conclusion: It was therefore concluded from the result that, amidst the stated constraints, value addition activity was said to be profitable. However, encouraging the teeming youth to engage in the business of value addition to meat products, provision of cold rooms together with constant power supply and policies that ensure easy access to loans and credit facilities were measures recommended for encouraging processors and improving profitability on suya processing.


Histoenzymic study was made on parotid salivary glands of castrated donkeys. The mucous and serous acinar cells were positive for AKPase, ACPase, ATPase, AChEase, SDH, LDH, GDH, G6PD, CYO, MAO and NADPH-diaphorase. Myoepithelial cells had better demonstrable oxidoreductases and ATPase, The acinar cells and ductular epithelium were also positive for sudanophilic lipid. The striated and large ducts exhibited strong to intense activity for oxidoreductases and were considered more physiologically active components of the parotid salivary gland.


In recent days, public safety service attracts attentions because of increasing crime rates. In this paper, heterogeneous data based danger detection (HDDD) mechanism is proposed for reducing crime rates. The HDDD mechanism is a mechanism for detecting dangerous situations (e.g., homicide and violence) based on heterogeneous data that are data gathered from multiple devices such as closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras, smartphones, and wearable devices. The HDDD enables immediate detection of dangerous situations and then reduces crime rates by responding to the dangerous situations.


High aspect-ratio elastomeric micropillars are widely used in a plethora of applications, such as functional surfaces, actuators, and sensors. Their fabrication at arbitrary positions on non-planar substrates, however, has rarely been reported. Here we demonstrate a new technique for facile fabrication of high aspect-ratio, microsphere-tipped elastomeric micropillars on structures with uncommon geometries. As a proof-of-concept exemplary application, a fiber optic contact sensor is realized by integrating a micropillar onto the end facet of an optical fiber. Overall, both the fabrication technique and the resulting outcomes of this work will add new tools to the toolbox of soft-MEMS and softrobotics.


This study aims to clearly understand the grave ceremonies of the Stone Mound Tomb in the central eastern and northern regions distributed along the Imjin and Han Rivers. The goal is to determine their structural forms, trace their lineage, and review the construction period to examine and thus re-establish the characteristics of the Stone Mound Tomb in the central eastern and northern regions.
For this purpose, it was inappropriate to utilize the tomb classification system based on the traditional Goguryeo Stone Mound Tomb's concepts of a grave and burial, which are related to the existence of a stairway. This is because these concepts do not properly capture the structural characteristics of the Stone Mound Tomb in the central eastern and northern regions. Hence, the Stone Mound Tomb was categorized into an "oval shape" and "quadrangle construction" as it was in contrast with the "rectangular type of construction" observed in Seokchon-dong, Seoul.
The lineage of the tombs is not related to Goguryeo or Baekje, nor does it belong to a specific tribe called Yegye. The oval twisted-coffin type tomb representing the original tomb and burial ceremony were generated locally. Further, the rectangular burial Stone Mound Tomb type was examined as a complex type of tomb that illustrates all the elements of the square type Stone Mound Tomb in the central Baekje region and the oval tomb type in the central eastern and northern regions.
Moreover, the elliptical frame type seems to have appeared in the first half of the third century and disappeared around the late fourth century. On the other hand, the rectangular type of tomb was constructed temporarily from the middle of the fourth century to the beginning of the fifth century, following the oval-shaped concentric-walled tomb.
It is expected that these characteristics and dates of the Stone Mound Tomb in the central eastern and northern regions will provide new perspectives on the nature of the ancient political body in the central region and the growth process of Baekje in the future.


A novel high durability epoxy asphalt concrete for bridge deck pavements is introduced in this paper, including the manufacturing process of epoxy asphalt binder and laboratory evaluation for this material. Various laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the pavement performance of the materials, such as fatigue test, wheel tracking test, moisture susceptibility test and thermal stress restrained specimen test. Test results show that epoxy asphalt concrete has 20137 cycles/mm dynamic stability at 70°C, and-28.4 °C fracture temperature. The fatigue equations of epoxy asphalt concrete at different temperatures were obtained. Findings from the research indicate that the epoxy asphalt concrete is a suitable material for the pavement of long-span steel bridges in China due to its profound performance.


Aiming to learn about the chemistry of the dense PDR around the ultracompact (UC) H II region in Mon R2, we have observed a series of millimeter-wavelength transitions of C3H2 and C2H. In addition, we have traced the distribution of other molecules, such as H13CO+, SiO, HCO, and HC3N. These data, together with the reactive ions recently detected, have been considered to determine the physical conditions and to model the PDR chemistry. We then identified two kinds of molecules. The first group, formed by the reactive ions (CO+ and HOC+) and small hydrocarbons (C2H and C3H2), traces the surface layers of the PDR and is presumably exposed to a high UV field (hence we call it high UV or HUV). HUV species are expected to dominate for visual absorptions 2 mag < AV < 5 mag. A second group (less exposed to the UV field, and hence called low UV, or LUV) includes HCO and SiO and is mainly present at the edges of the PDR (AV > 5 mag). While the abundances of the HUV molecules can be explained by gas-phase models, this is not the case for the studied LUV ones. Although some efficient gas-phase reactions might be lacking, grain chemistry sounds like a probable mechanism able to explain the observed enhancement of HCO and SiO. Within this scenario, the interaction of UV photons with grains produces an important effect on the molecular gas chemistry and constitutes the first evidence of an ionization front created by the UC H II region carving its host molecular cloud. The physical conditions and kinematics of the gas layer that surrounds the UC H II region were derived from the HUV molecules. Molecular hydrogen densities >4 × 106 cm-3 are required to reproduce the observations. Such high densities suggest that the H II region could be pressure-confined by the surrounding high-density molecular gas.


Digital technologies are actively used in the activities of the Federal Executive authorities, through which the provision of necessary public services to citizens is carried out. The article describes the electronic services of the Federal tax service created by digital technologies The article discusses current issues of the digital economy, its role, the importance of creating and using BigData technology for digitalization and data sharing in countries of the economic union. Modern trends in the field of management, the impact of digitalization of the economy on management can hardly be overestimated. In this regard, the changes taking place in the field of economic management require the study of effective interaction in various areas of socio-economic relations. It is important to form an integrated management system in the field of digital transformation. It is no coincidence that countries aimed at increasing the competitiveness of their national economies have adopted appropriate development programs.


This paper presents a low-level color descriptor which describes the color distribution of a color image as a weighted subspace in the color space, namely eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the distribution. Thanks to low-dimensionality of color space, the proposed descriptor can provide compact description and fast computation. Furthermore, specialized for color distribution matching, it is more efficient than mutual subspace method (MSM). Experiments on medicine package recognition validate that the proposed descriptor outperforms MSM and MPEG-7 low-level color descriptors in terms of description size, computational cost and recognition rate.


These recollections start a long time after those in the memorable Centenary issue of the JOURNAL, but will add a page in the history of the RAE which I joined in 1939—and found myself in the Engine Research Flight. Life there was very peaceful before the War and aeroplanes were new and exciting. Looking back now, some of the work done there was very primitive with none of the elaborate test and recording equipment available today. I recall flying for hours in a Harrow, looking for icing conditions to test an automatic carburettor de-icing system; endurance flights on new plug types, high octane fuel and tests of an early Merlin in a very odd aeroplane where the observer sat in a box under the pilot's seat. The pilots then in C Flight are now almost legendary figures—"Spinner" White, killed in the prototype Spitfire K 5054, Rex Hayter, "Tiger" Hawkins, Roly Falk, "Bruin" Purvis, Hubert Broad, Clouston and H. J. Wilson, to name but a few.


In this paper we present a framework for the extension of the Barabási-Albert model to heterogeneous complex networks. We define a class of heterogeneous preferential attachment models where node properties are described by fixed states in an arbitrary space, and introduce an affinity function that biases the attachment probabilities of links. We perform an analytical study of the degree distributions in heterogeneous preferential attachment networks. We show that their degree densities exhibit a richer scaling behavior than their homogeneous counterparts, and that the power law scaling in the degree distribution is robust in the presence of heterogeneity.


The mean 96-h LC50 value of ammonia for juvenile Penaeus semisulcatus (0.35–2.4 g) was found to be 23.7 mg TAN/L (19.3–28.7, 95% C.L.). There was no significant effect of size on the sensitivity of juvenile shrimp to ammonia. Increased toxicity of ammonia to juvenile P. semisulcatus was observed at dissolved oxygen (DO) levels below 55% saturation (3.7 ppm). At 27% DO saturation, the ammonia toxicity (96-h LC50) was doubled. In addition, the time of exposure to ammonia required for a given lethal effect decreased with reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations. Before and immediately after molt, the shrimps were more sensitive to ammonia.

Due to the effect of the molt stage on the apparent ammonia toxicity, we recommend a minimum of 96-h bioassay for determining toxicity levels in shrimps. In a shorter period, the physiological changes occurring at the time of molting can confound the results of the experiment.


To explore status of performance management and problems of university P.E. teachers engagement system under the new public management, and then to set up scientific and comprehensive performance testing system, discover an effective university P.E. teachers engagement and management system, the research find Zhengzhou universities' teachers have to complete a certain scientific research workload which is quantized as Chinese core journal, ordinary Chinese journal, literature, projects and awards. Most P.E. teachers think the evaluation of teachers' business ability should take the teaching ability as the mainline while only a few P.E. teachers think it should take the scientific research ability as the mainline. We suggest that P.E. teachers should choose positions based on their business characteristic and acquaintance of their business ability, then to achieve reasonable disposition of teachers resource and take advantage of the potential of each kind of teachers.


To the Editon This letter pertains to the article com· paring various ultrasonic methods used for dating pregnancies hv Smazal et al. 1 In this article information germane to dat~ analysis is omitted, includ ing: l ) the range in hirth weights of the population scanned; 2) <:onfirmation of men· strual and crown rump length (CHL) dates hy Dubowitz newborn examination; and 3) the chart used ror prediction of dates from the first hiparietal diameter (BPD), uanwly, the composite vs othe r charts. In addition, the statistics used IU'e tmclt!ar. l ~ or example, it is not certain wh ·ther the confidence limits rcJXII"l<!d rep· resent the variation I(Jr each sonar method or dillcrcnccs lrmn CHL. The lower am! upper confidcm:e limits arc also not presented to enahl • the reader to determiw .~ whether 0 is included and whether the limits f(Jr all the gruups overlap. Finally, it is not specill •tl what the paired t-tcsts actually compare. :\lore importantly, the study lms major mcthmlnlogtc shortcomings. In particular, there is a naw iu th • design used to compare BPD and grmvth·adjustcd sonogmphie ag • {GASA) reliahilities. St>cdllcall~ '. the tedmiquc of' GASA ean dmngc dates d!!fined hy 1111 early S1.·nn only in l ~ t us c s with large or small BPDs. In other words, CASA will not alter sonar dates in fe tuses with near ~ ;"' •rage BPDs, which represent at least 50 per cent of a un iversal pop11lation. Thus, to eomparc the predictive lK"Curacy of GASA with that of a single BPD, the authors should have generated sufficient numbers in the subset of pr ··gnancics where GASA made a dillcrence, i. e ., changed the dates assigned bv earlv BPD. · Non ~ theless , regardless of this flaw, the authors do show that in their population the conlldence limits or the length of pregnancy assessed by GASA, namely 12 days, is very dose to the tcn·day limit { :t 5 days) published by Sahhagha.2 This finding confirms the efficacy of GASA. What is remarkable in the study is the accnmcy in dating m:hieved by a single BPD, i.e., limits nf 11 days, a finding as good as the accuracy achieved hy usc orGASA and much better than that or any previously reported method. This aecuracy also exceeds the theoretical range of 15 days ap· plicable to estimating dates by hnth single BPD and CHL: this range is based on the likelihoml that CHL and BPD arc indepentlcnt \'ariablcs within thuir respective 95 per cent limits of :t 5 da~ ' s and :t 10 days. Tim . ~ . liu· exam pi<!. in n fetus with CHL-and BPD dates differing by 5 ltnd + 10 days, respectively, rrom the true ag<!. the sonar asa signed length or pregnancy will vary hy 15 days. In this study the high accuracy in p1·ediction of dates hy single BPD can be achieved only if the rctal population examined is homogeneous, with BPDs ncar average length. In such a population, us previously discussed, dates as· signed by single BPDs will he similar to CASAs. Overall, the whole concept of assessin~ the accuracy of BPD--derived dates relative to a CHL standard is inherentlv weak because hoth methods are based on ultrasonogra1l&1y and lead to circular logic. The authors rurther weaken this approach by !(tiling to list CHL dates in tab!!! 2. In this tahlc reliable menstrual histories nrc used as a standard against which dates by single BPD and GASA arc l"ompared but


Much research in world Englishes centers on examining the linguistic features of a particular region. Such work can give the false impression of a collective homogeneous ideology of English within a geographic space. We refer to this limiting monolithic perspective of language ideology as 'the single linguistic narrative.' The present study builds on this body of work by investigating how often competing ideologies of English can circulate within a region. Focusing on the Hong Kong context, we adapt the concept of Bakhtinian heteroglossia to consider the simultaneous co-presence of varying ideologies of English. Through an analysis of self-narratives, we examine how Hong Kong university students construct expectations regarding how English should be used and what the colonial language means to their regional identity.


A patient with amebic abscess of the liver was treated with standard doses of metronidazole but remained febrile and pulmonary complications developed. Only after other forms of treatment including aspiration and administration of chloroquine phosphate and emetine hydrochloride did he begin to improve and ultimately to recover.


This paper describes a method of determining two-dimensional phase shifts. In this method, the two-dimensional phase shift is divided into horizontal and vertical components, and each component of the phase shift is determined by pattern correlation, Pythagorean theorem and linear interpolation with subpixel accuracy. The computer simulation and experiment have shown that the method is useful for the determination of phase difference between two three-beam interference patterns. The method can also be used to determine the phase shift in other multi-beam interference patterns.


Laser metal deposition process belongs to the directed energy deposition class of additive manufacturing process that is capable of producing highly complex part directly from the three dimensional (3D) computer aided design file of the component by adding materials layer after layers. Laser metal deposition process is a very important additive manufacturing process and it is the only class of additive manufacturing process that can be used to repair valued component parts which were not repairable in the past. Also because this additive manufacturing process can handle multiple materials simultaneously, it is used to produce part with functionally graded material. Some of the features of the laser metal deposition process are described in this chapter. Some experimental studies on the laser metal deposition of Titanium alloycomposite are also presented.


The alkylation of benzene with propane to yield isopropylbenzene proceeds with high selectivity over bifunctional metal–acid catalysts comprising Pt and Keggin heteropoly acid in a fixed-bed reactor at 250–350 °C and 1 bar pressure. Most efficiently the reaction occurs over Pt/H4SiW12O40/SiO2 catalyst at 300 °C, giving isopropylbenzene with 90–93% selectivity at 6–8% benzene conversion, significantly exceeding the efficiency of previously reported Pt/HZSM-5 catalyst. The alkylation proceeds through bifunctional reaction pathway including dehydrogenation of propane to propene (1) on Pt sites followed by benzene alkylation with propene (2) on acid sites. At Pt loadings above 0.5%, step 1 is at fast quasi-equilibrium and step 2 is the rate-limiting one.


We present a uniform study of the chemical abundances of 12 elements (Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Na, Mg, and Al) derived from the spectra of 451 stars observed as part of one of the HARPS GTO planet search programs. Sixty eight of these are planetbearing stars. The main goals of our work are: i) the investigation of possible differences between the abundances of stars with and without planets; ii) the study of the possible differences in the abundances of stars in the thin and the thick disc. We confirm that there is a systematically higher metallicity in planet host stars, when compared to non planet-hosts, common to all studied species. We also found that there is no difference in the galactic chemical evolution trends of the stars with and without planets. Stars that harbour planetary companions simply appear to be in the high metallicity tail of the distribution. We also confirm that Neptunian and super-Earth class planets may be easier to find at lower metallicities. A statistically significative abundance difference between stars of the thin and the thick disc was found for [Fe/H] < 0. However, the populations from the thick and the thin disc cannot be clearly separated.


The TRITRAM (Traveller Information and Traffic Management) project uses high performance traffic and road network simulation to investigate the next generation of traffic management systems. The simulation software incorporates mesoscopic and microscopic models of traffic flow. It is implemented using object-oriented, process-based discrete event simulation methods in C++. TRITRAM runs on powerful workstation processors, permitting simulation of complex networks, and has an interface enabling connection to an external adaptive traffic controller (SCATS). During simulation, stop-line detectors are triggered by the simulated vehicles and thereby provide traffic flow data. This data can be transmitted to a SCATS regional controller, which in turn coordinates the simulated traffic lights. The paper describes experience gained during software development. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, see IRRD abstract 868345.


The authors compare a sample of African American families who adopted from two private African American agencies in California with a sample of African American families who adopted from public California child welfare agencies. Findings show clear distinctions between the private and public adopters. The authors also present results from a questionnaire that asks about the adoption process and the families' adoptive history. Strikingly, 70% of the private agency adopters had attempted to first adopt through (primarily) public agencies, and the majority of those had been unsuccessful. Nearly 90% of the families who responded to a question of how important a private African American adoption agency was in their decision to adopt indicated that it was very important or important.


The transplantation of organs and tissues are consolidated worldwide as a treatment method used for curing diseases and improving the quality of life for individuals affected by chronic diseases. The complexity of the transplantation of organs and tissues and current statistics that point to the success of the technique raises a number of bioethical issues involving professionals from different fields. The rationale of this study is to structure a recent directed to specialized care and service to patients in whom therapy is indicated for liver transplantation. The study aimed to describe the flow of a specialized service to care for liver transplant at the University Hospital in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil and discuss intrinsic to a service specializing in serving this type of transplant bioethical issues. Qualitative research, case study, performed in a liver transplantation center. Data collection occurred from November 2013 to February 2014 by the documentary analysis of the records of three patients undergoing liver transplantation and flows of nursing care, semistructured interviews with 11 professionals and direct observation multidisciplinary team consisting to observe the flow of care and service routines in whole shift, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee under number 454 283. Data analysis was performed by analysis of thematic content. The results were organized and presented in two manuscripts, the first titled "Service specializes in liver transplantation in a university hospital: a case study" that purports to describe the flow of service specializing in the care in liver transplantation, in which the results revealed the work of a multidisciplinary team in a cohesive manner, with competence recognized by patients and other sectors of the institution and structural deficiencies in care service for immunosuppressed patients. The second, entitled "Service of liver transplantation in a university hospital: look at the social bioethics" that discusses the inherent bioethical aspects of a service specializing in the care of liver transplant. This study enabled us to better understand the application of one of the most consolidated in developed and developing countries, but it raises all the time bioethical issues that permeate from the decision to donate organs to the legal and financial aspects of treatment policy. And also highlighted that there is room for research that articulate political organ transplantation social bioethics because this approach lights between thematic questions related to the right to the welfare of the population considering health as one of the dimensions that promote quality of life. For professionals working in the service, the study presented and recognized the efforts made by all to make this service a reality for the population that is referred to the gastroenterology service of this hospital and so does not need to move to other cities or states to therapy obtain the expected success in resolving disease.


PURPOSE: A streetlamp rotating assembly is provided to maintain an initial state by fixing a streetlamp fixture and a streetlamp body by bolts and nuts even if the bolts and the nuts are loosed. CONSTITUTION: A streetlamp rotating assembly comprises a streetlamp body(10) and a streetlamp fixture(20). A first connection(11) is formed in the streetlamp body. The first connection has a first through hole(12) and an outer circumference joint(13). A second connection(21) is formed in the streetlamp fixture. A second through hole(22), an insertion groove(23), and an inner circumference joint(24) are formed in the second connection. The outer circumference joint is inserted into the insertion groove, and fastened with the inner circumference joint.


A phenomenological approach to quantitative description of Zn(Mg)O growth by radical-source molecular beam epitaxy, based on the experimental studies of RHEED intensity oscillations, has been developed. It allows a precise control of growth rate, composition and stoichiometry at any growth temperature, Along with optimization of a growth initiation procedure on a c-sapphire, it is necessary condition for fabrication of high quality ZnO epilayers and ZnO/ZnMgO heterostructures in a wide Mg composition range. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The objective of this supplement is to authorize an increase in the maximum goal exposure of the depleted uranium columns to 2400 MWD/T. The parent documents, while intending to produce 25 Kg of 18 w/o Pu-240, made it clear that these would be minimum requirements and ``every reasonable effort will be made to exceed both {hor_ellipsis} 25 Kg and 18 w/o Pu-240.`` Operation to date shows excellent performance of the target element, and an increase in the depleted uranium goal exposures would both increase the ``value`` of the product, and help define any problem areas which might arise in extended irradiations of this type. Average exposure as of mid-June was approximately 1600 MWD/T.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder of the brain that begins with memory impairment and eventually progresses to dementia, physical impairment, and death. Patients develop various psychiatric and neurological signs during the course of the disease. The prevalence rates of dementia vary significantly in different countries, but range from 2.1 to 10.5%. AD is the most common type of dementia, accounting for 50–60% of all cases, and is described in detail in a special report on AD (Jain 2010). Several other types of dementias are considered in the differential diagnosis of AD and sometimes all the dementias are lumped together if the type is not known. Other well-known types of dementias are vascular dementia, dementia of aging, and dementia associated with HIV infection. The focus of this section is on AD and some other dementias will be described in Chap. 11.


I give a pedagogical survey of the nuclear collective effect s associated with gluon saturation and their impact on particle production in high– energy proton (or deuteron)–nucleus collisions at RHIC. At central rapidity, the theory predict s a Cronin peak due to independent multiple scattering off the valence quarks in the nucleus. At forward r pidities, the peak flattens out and disappears very fast, because of the correlations induced t hrough quantum evolution in the nuclear gluon distribution at small x. Also, the ratioRpA between the particle yield in proton–nucleus and proton–proton collisions is rapidly suppressed when incre asing the rapidity, because of saturation effects which slow down the evolution of the nucleus compare d to that of the proton. This behaviour could be responsible for a similar trend observed in the deut eron–nucleus collisions at RHIC.


Purpose

In order to understand the influence of technology innovation on market demand diffusion in the ICT service market, the purpose of this paper is to examine technology innovation in the mobile product market, which keeps a complementary relationship with the mobile communication market.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collected mobile communication user information of four leading countries in the ICT market – the USA, the UK, Korea, and Japan from 1981 to 2014. This study applies the Bass diffusion model to analyze the form of market demand diffusion and conducts white noise test to verify the hypotheses.

Findings

Technology innovation of mobile communication leads to an increase in innovation effect and a decrease in imitation effect. Thus, technology innovation of mobile communication needs to be promoted continuously for the purpose of increasing adopters in the early stage. Besides, mobile product's technology innovation leads to an increase in imitation effect and a decrease in innovation effect, because individuals were aware of the usefulness of the products and services. Hence, the increase in the number of imitators caused a higher increase in imitation effect than in the mobile communication's innovation effect.

Originality/value

Based on the results of this study, the role that product and service technology innovation plays in renewing the form of market demand diffusion in the ICT service market was defined. Also, since the strategies and plans to acquire competitive advantage of business were understood, it may help both companies and policy decision makers.


This paper proposes a method for online feedback path modeling in multichannel active noise control (ANC) systems. Previously we have proposed a method for online feedback path molding for single-channel ANC system. Here we modify and extend this method to multichannel ANC systems, in particular, we consider a 1 × 2 × 2 system comprising one reference microphone, two secondary loudspeakers and two error microphones. The computational complexity of the proposed method is lower than the existing methods. Computer simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Between 1928 and 1960 U.S. cotton production witnessed a revolution with average yields roughly tripling while the quality of the crop increased significantly. This paper analyzes the key institutional and scientific developments that facilitated the revolution in biological technologies, pointing to the importance of two government programs -- the one-variety community movement and the Smith-Doxey Act -- as catalysts for change. The story displays two phenomena of interest in light of the recent literature: 1. an important real-world example of the workings of Akerlof's lemons model and 2. a case where inventors, during an early phase of the product cycle, actually encouraged consumers to copy and disseminate their intellectual property.


Recent attempts to diagnose the causes of the Asian financial crisis are examined in this paper. The view, supported in the IMF and other influential sources, that it was the outcome of a market response to policy deficiencies is subject to critical scrutiny. It is argued that the discussion of a new international financial architecture must recognize that financial markets have the potential to generate serious economic disruption without the aid of policy incoherence. An implication is that temporary control over short-term capital movements may be a useful adjunct to a flexible exchange rate regime for capital importing countries. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The Abrams-Lind formulation of degenerate four-wave phase conjugation is generalized to treat signal-pump detuning. The theory is an extension of two-wave grating-dip spectroscopy. We find that the reflection passband of phase conjugation is limited by the power-broadened bandwidth of the population difference, a width that can be very narrow. Unlike the running-wave saturator case, the signal absorption saturated by a standing wave shows no gain. This is due to the presence of appreciable amounts of unsaturated medium between spatial holes. We also generalize the degenerate three-wave mixing coefficients of Heer to include signal-pump detuning.