I. Study of Lasers and Related Techniques Suitable for Applications in Chemistry and Spectroscopy.- Rare Gas Halogen Lasers and Photochemical Applications.- Group VI Molecular Photolytic Dissociation Studies Using Rare Gas Halide Lasers.- Broadly Tunable UV Source Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering.- Laser-Induced Intermolecular and Intramolecular Energy Transfer Processes.- A New Method for Exposing Mammalian Cells to Intense Laser Radiation Using the Evanescent Fields Created in Optical Waveguides.- Time-Dependent Kinetic-Thermodynamic Description of a Nonequilibrium Molecular System: The HF Chemical Laser.- Low-Temperature Performance of Roto-Vibrational Molecular Lasers.- HBr Laser Emission at 4 ?m Based on the Chemical Generation of Bromine Atoms.- Tunable Infrared Generation from Four-Wave Mixing in Room-Temperature Germanium.- II. Spectroscopic Studies with and Related to Lasers.- High-Resolution Double-Resonance Spectroscopy of SF6.- High-Resolution Coherent Raman Spectroscopy of Methane and Intensity of CARS vs Pressure in Gases.- Molecular Spectroscopy of NO and C2H4 Using Step-Tunable IR Lasers and the External Resonator Controlled Spin-Flip Raman Laser.- Photophysics of Gaseous UF6 in the UV: Energy Balance Through Quantum Efficiency Measurements.- Optical Dephasing in Molecular Iodine.- An Efficient Algorithm for the Study of Nonlinear Resonant Propagation of Two Concomitant Optical Pulses Interacting with a Three-Level Atomic System.- The Influence of Hyperfine Coherence and of Elastic Collisions on the Circular Polarisation of Emission from Li2.- Collisional Depolarization and Rotational Energy Transfer of the 7Li2B1?u-Li2S1/2 System Using Laser-Induced Fluorescene.- Saturated Absorption Experiments on a Molecule Dressed by a Radio-frequency Field.- dc Magnetic Field Effects on Polarized Monochromatic Laser Radiation Absorption in Electronic Transitions: A Simple Model.- Effect of Two-Photon Saturation on Ordinary Raman Scattering.- Predissociation in the A? A? State of HNO.- Photoassociation of Heavy Metal Excimers: Spectroscopic, Kinetic, and Laser Applications.- Dye-Laser-Induced Emission from the KXe Molecule.- Laser-Induced Emission from the NaK Molecule in a Supersonic Beam.- The Singlet-Triplet Energy Separation of CH2 and Spectroscopy of the a1A1 State.- Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy Using Pulsed Laser Excitation.- Ultrafast Spectroscopy with a Streak Camera: Excited State Spectroscopy and Kinetics of Coumarin Derivatives.- Laser-Induced Processes in Phthalocyanines.- Fluorescence Decay-Time Measurement of Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine B in Different Solutions.- Laser Flash Spectroscopy of 4-Nitrostilbenes and Thioindigo Dyes Configuration of the Triplet State in Solution.- III. Multiphoton Excitation, Dissociation and Ionization.- Laser-Induced Unimolecular Reactions.- Time and Intensity Dependence of the Infrared Absorption of SF6: Measurements with an Injection-Locked Single Mode TEA CO2 Laser.- IR Absorption of Highly Excited SF6.- Absorption of Intense Laser Radiation by SF6 and S2F10.- Collisional Effects in the Multiple-Photon Infrared Laser Pumping of Polyatomic Molecules.- Coherent Pulse Propagation Effects in Multilevel Molecular Systems.- The Influence of Intensity and Laser-Energy Fluence in Unimolecular Reactions Induced by Monochromatic Infrared Radiation (URIMIR).- On the Dynamics of Multiphoton Dissociation of Polyatomic Molecules II. Application to O3.- Nonthermal Theory of Threshold Behaviour of Collisionless Multiphoton Dissociation.- An Anharmonic Model for Molecular Photo-Excitation.- Dynamic Stark Splitting of Multiphoton Absorption Resonances.- Polarization Selection Rules for Two-Photon Processes.- Doppler-Free Raman Spectroscopy and Suppression of Molecular Doppler-Broadened Transitions Induced by Laser Field.- Laser-Controlled Unimolecular and Bimolecular Processes: Field-Dependent Rate "Constants".- Laser-Induced Predissociation of Diatomic and Polyatomic Molecules by the Photo-Catalytic Effect.- Possibility of Hole Burning in Single Quantum Power Spectrum Due to Autler-Townes Splitting.- Computation of Rovibrational Multiphoton Spectra: Application to CO.- Crossed Laser and Molecular Beam Study of Multiphoton Dissociation of C2F5Cl.- Study of Primary Characteristics of Multiple IR Photon Excitation and Dissociation of CF3I.- Photofragment Spectroscopy of Multiple Photon Dissociation by Laser-Induced Fluorescence.- Laser-Excited Fluorescence Studies of IR Multiple Photon Dissociation Fragments: NH2(2B1) from CH3NH2 and NH3.- Time Behavior of CN Radicals in Laser-Initiated Thermal Isomerization of CH3NC.- Laser-Induced Decomposition of Methanol: A Comparative Study Using Pulsed HF and CO2 Lasers.- IR Laser Sensitised Chemical Reactions of Polyatomic Molecules.- Excitation of Ammonia in the Megawatt Region Using a CO2 Laser.- Reaction Between CH3NO2 and H2 Induced by CO2 Laser Pulses.- Multiphoton Dissociation in Formaldehyde.- Multiphoton Vacuum UV Photodissociation of Simple Polyatomic Molecules.- Mass Selective Two-Photon Ionization of a Polyatomic Molecule.- IV. Laser Control of Chemical Reactions.- Laser-Induced Chemical Processes: Reactions with Oriented Reagents.- Laser-Induced Fluorescence Study of the Reactions of F Atoms with CH3I, CF3I and ICl.- A Laser-Induced Fluorescence Study of the Reaction Ca + CCl4?CaCl + CCl3.- cw Laser-Induced Fluorescence Study of Ba + SO2: Vibronic Distribution of BaO as a Function of Collisional Energy.- Laser Studies of the Relaxation and Reaction of Species in Defined Quantum States.- Calculated Infrared Photodissociation Cross Section of H2+ and HD+.- Pulsed Molecular Beam Study of Ethylene Dimer Photodissociation with a CO2 Laser.- Photodissociation Lifetimes of Van der Waals Complexes.- Towards Resonant Single Photon Dissociation of SF6.- Photon-Enhanced Dissociative Electron Attachment in SF6.- Laser Specific Versus Thermal Reactions.- Deuterium Enrichment by cw Vibrational Photochemistry of Methane-Economic Considerations.- Laser-Induced Chemical Reaction of BCl3 with CH4.- Study of the cw Laser-Induced Reaction of CH3CF2Cl.- IR Photochemistry in an Electronically Excited State.- Single-Photon Infrared Photochemistry: Wavelength and Temperature Dependence of the Quantum Yield for the Laser-Induced Ionization of Water.- A Laser Study of the Cage Effect in High-Pressure Gases: Iodine and Bromine Photodissociation.- Isotope Selective Molecular Spectroscopy and Production of Isotopically Pure Molecules with a Dye Laser.- Selective Photoaddition of Iodine Chloride to Acetylene: Pressure, Buffer, and Wavelength Dependence of Enrichment.- Laser-Induced Photolysis of Ozone Reactions of O(3P), O(1D) and O2(1?).- Time-Resolved Studies of Reactions of I (2P1/2).- Infrared Laser-Induced Photochemistry in the Solid State.- V. Molecular Relaxation.- Ultrafast Vibrational Relaxation of Polyatomic Molecules.- Generation of Time-Correlated Picosecond Laser Pulses and Their Application for Rapid Sampling of Optical Relaxation Phenomena.- Electronic to Vibrational Energy Transfer and Infrared Lasers.- Inelastic Collisions in a Potentially Reactive System: Rotational Energy Transfer in the A 2A1 Excited State of NH2 Induced by Collisions with H Atoms.- Vibrational Relaxation of Ethylene Excited with a Parametric Oscillator.- Vibrational Relaxation of HF (v = 3, 4) by HF, H2, D2, CO2, and Isobutene.- Study of Energy Transfer in Methane by Excitation of Fundamental, Overtone, and Combination Bands.- Line Selective Excitation of Ethylene with CO2 Laser Light and Vibrational Relaxation.- Vibrational Energy Transfer at Low Temperatures: CD3F in Rare Gas and Nitrogen Matrices.- Laser-Induced Vibrational Fluorescence in Matrix Isolated Molecules.- Quenching of NO2 (2B1) and (2B2).- Quenching of C2(a3?u) Produced in an Intense Infrared Laser Field.- Time-Resolved Geometrical Optics in Molecular Pumping Experiments.- Energy Transfer in Biologically Interesting Molecules.- Index of Contributors.- The Quantum Electronics Division of the European Physical Society - Information.


We experimentally validated the concept of transparent (without regeneration) waveband-based optical backbone networks through a 32×10Gbit/s transmission over 3600km of TeraLight™ fiber including sub -equipped optical cross-connects and taking into account networks constraints on dispersion map and power equalisation.


Objective In order to study the toxic effects of liquid push substance in animals. Methods Rats were divided into A,B and C groups according to inhaling exposure duration. And each group was subdivided into workplace exposed group, launder exposed group and control group. Results A group: the level of WBC, Hb, AST were significantly higher in both workplace exposed and launder exposed groups than that of control group, but the level of BUN, Cr decreased significantly. B group: the level of BUN, Cr increased significantly in both workplace exposed and launder exposed group. C group: the level of ALT, ALP decreased significantly in workplace exposed group. The level of AST increased significantly in launder exposed group. Conclusion Acute changes including biochemical indexes in rats were observed under certain experimental conditions.


In this paper we present a method for optimal control of a nonlinear highly realistic helicopter model based on a combination of a neural network (NN) feedback controller and a state-dependen t Riccati equation (SDRE) controller. Optimization of the NN is performed within a receding horizon model predictive control (MPC) framework, subject to dynamic and kinematic constraints. The SDRE controller utilizes a simplified 6DOF rigid body dynamic model, and augments the NN controller by providing an initial feasible solution and improving stability. While the SDRE control provides robustness based on a pseudo-linear formulation of the dynamics, the MPNC utilizes the highly accurate numerical helicopter model.


This research report is about challenges facing growth of small and medium enterprises(SMEs) owned by women in kakamega municipality of kakamega count.Most women in the SMEs are the sole bread winners of their families,having lost their husbands to either HIV/AIDS pandemic,drinking related illnesses or political violence.This leaves them with an uphill task of solely bringing up their families which are usually large.Kakamega County is located 410km North West of kenyas capital,Nairobi.being a provincial headquarters with a peri-urban population,most people rely on small and medium enterprises as the alternative mode of subsistence..The area of the study was kakamega municipality in Kakamega County in western province.This research was guided by five core objectives : to investigate whether technology influences the growth of SMEs owned by women in Kakamega municipality of kakamega county;to asses how access to finance by women owned enterprises influences growth of SMEs owned by women in Kakamega Municipality;to establish whether demographic factors affect growth of smes owned by women in kakamega Municipality;to find out how socio-cultural factors affect growth of SMEs owned by women in kakamega Municipality;to find out how infrastructure influences th growth of SMEs owned by women in Kakamega Municipaliy.The sample size consisted of 85 women owned SMEs drawn from a total population of 600 registered and licenced by the kakamega Municipal Council which is solely responsible for issuance of legal operation status of businesses within its jurisdiction.the respondents were selected using simple random sampling.questionnaires and interview schedules were used as research instruments.on validity of intsruments,the researcher used content validy.The study findings revealed that access to finance and credit facilities hugely affected the growth of women owned SMEs within Kakamega Municipality.Lack of or insufficient capital for expansion led to collapse of many businesses,Poor infrastructure like bad and dilapidated road networks greatly impacted negatively on the growth of the women owned SMEs due to delays in delivery,high cost of transport.This made some women to relocate to central easily accessible places thus losing their former clientelle base,Socio-cultural factors had no much impact on the growth of the women owned SMEs due to modernity and diversity of our culture,Demographic characteristics had bigger influence on the growth of businesses owned by women.the study has revealed that education largely influenced growth of the women owned SMEs in kakamega municplaity.married women also appeared to have steady businesses as compared to single ,wodowed and divorced women.this showed that family stability affected the growth of the businesses,Modern technology has largely resulted in easier management of the businesses owned by women,which inturn has led to their growth.The study has etablished that use of mobile phones largely led to growth of many enterprises as it makes communication easy,it also makes monitoring of various business processes less cumbersome.the mobile phone money transfer also made it easier to pay debts to suppliers far away without having to meet physically.The recommendetations made were mainly targeted at the government and they were:The governemnt should adopt a clear and less sophisticated loaning policy o uplift women entreprenuers and fully implement the Women enterprise funds in the ministry of youth and sports,There should be identification of lucrative business ideas and proposed to women through various initiatives rolled out across the country to enable women to see entrepreneurship as a source of employment and not a last resort means after failing to secure formal employment,The central government should mobilise funds toward the development and upgrade of infrastructure especially road networks which are dilapidated and sometimes inaccesible during bad weather,Women should actively stand up and take their position in the male dominated world to compete equally.this should be done through a national campaing taken to the county level where women should be actively encouraged and given incentives to take up business challenges,Commercial banks and other micro finance institutions should come up with an attractive package for women who involve in business.this should have friendlier terms of interest rates and repayment period.


Concrete is a frequently used construction material but it is susceptible to crack formation. As this reduces the durability and increases the maintenance costs of concrete structures, self-repair of cracks in concrete is a hot research topic. While concrete already has the natural ability to heal cracks to a limited extent, named autogenous crack healing, researchers try to improve this healing ability trough the addition of encapsulated healing agents, embedded bacteria, superabsorbent polymers,... which is called autonomous crack healing. In the Magnel Laboratory, research on self-healing of concrete is already going on for several years and the efficiency of some successful approaches has also been demonstrated by means of X-ray computed radiography and tomography. In one approach, superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were added to the concrete matrix in order to take up water entering the cracks, swell and block the cracks upon ingress of aggressive liquids. In addition, these SAPs should provide water for further hydration of unhydrated cement and for precipitation of calcium carbonate from leaching calcium hydroxide. By means of X-ray computed tomography (CT) it was clearly demonstrated that improved crack healing was obtained when these SAPs were provided in the matrix. In another approach, calcium carbonate precipitating bacteria were embedded in the concrete matrix. When these bacteria make contact with nutrients upon crack formation, they wake up from their dormant state and start to produce calcium carbonate crystals closing the crack. CT-scanning of treated mortar samples showed that cracks tend to be closed more completely when bacteria are provided (Figure 1). As it is the major goal to increase the durability of concrete and thus to reduce the entrance of aggressive agents, the crack sealing efficiency of another self-healing approach, consisting of encapsulated polyurethane, was investigated by means of X-ray radiography. It was shown that due to breakage of the embedded capsules upon crack formation and release of the encapsulated healing agent into the crack, water ingress into 2nd UGCT seminar 10 September 2015 the crack was prevented. Recently, X-ray radiography has also been used to demonstrate that due to the reduced ingress of water and aggressive agents into the crack, corrosion of reinforcement steel can be prevented. While for the unhealed reference samples pitting corrosion of the embedded steel was clearly visible on the radiographs, for samples with autonomously healed cracks corrosion initiation was clearly prevented (Figure 2). WITHOUT BACTERIA WITH BACTERIA Figure 1: Enhanced calcium carbonate precipitation inside the crack due to the addition of bacteria to the concrete matrix (Wang et al., 2014) UNHEALED CRACK AUTONOMOUSLY HEALED CRACK Figure 2: Prevention against pitting corrosion, by self-healing of the crack through release of encapsulated polyurethane, after 30 hours exposure to an acceleration corrosion test


We propose a geometric phase gate in a decoherence-free subspace with trapped ions. The quantum information is encoded in the Zeeman sublevels of the ground state and two physical qubits to make up one logical qubit with ultra-long coherence time. Single- and two-qubit operations together with the transport and splitting of linear ion crystals allow for a robust and decoherence-free scalable quantum processor. For the ease of the phase gate realization we employ one Raman laser field on four ions simultaneously, i.e. no tight focus for addressing. The decoherence-free subspace is left neither during gate operations nor during the transport of quantum information.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop a system that detects warp breakage in manual looms using simple mechanisms combined with electronic circuitry.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used the universal design methodology model where results from observations and interviews aided in designing the appropriate blueprints for the mechanism.

Findings
Testing procedures revealed that the conductivity of steel bars coupled with the weight of the droppers affected the efficiency of the mechanism. Additionally, the weight of the drop wires influenced the rising of the warp threads during shedding. Considering this, a plate thickness of 0.06 mm was ideal for the droppers which did not affect warp shedding. Test outcomes at the weaving shed proved the workability of the mechanism for timely or prompt repair of a broken warp by weavers that ensured fabric quality.

Originality/value
The issue of warp breaks remains a critical problem at weaving on manual looms which influence the quality of fabrics. These looms are used by craftsmen in producing interesting fabrics for the market of which they depend on for their living. Premise on this, a two-way (light + sound) alert system was developed to assist weavers to effectively locate and repair broken yarns. Additionally, weavers with special needs (blind people) would be notified on a warp break for immediate repair from someone. This would limit the unnecessary challenges associated with broken warp yarns during weaving.


.............................................................................................................................. ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements............................................................................................................. v Declaration of Work Performed......................................................................................... vi List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... x List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... xiii Chapter 1: Introduction to the Investigation ...................................................................... 1 A. The Purpose ............................................................................................................... 1 B. Review of Related Literature ..................................................................................... 1


A cosmetic method for reducing the appearance of dark circles around the eyes of a mammal, said method comprising topically applying on said dark circles a composition comprising an effective amount of at least one alkanolamine represented by the following general formula: (See formula) wherein X, Y and Z are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group of C1-C3, one-C4 C2 alkanol group being at least one of X, Y or Z group alkanol C2-C4 bearing at least one hydroxyl group and optionally at least one carboxyl group; having been such dark circles caused by a temporary stagnation of blood around the eyes.


This paper presents a new method based on mathematical morphology for accurate estimation of harmonics and detection of sub-harmonics in power systems. This method, using a morphological transform as a low-pass filter, is developed based on a well-known technique: instantaneous reactive power theory. The simulation results are presented to show the accuracy and capability of the proposed method. The extraction of a sub- harmonic component, from ferroresonant voltage of a power transformer, is also discussed as an example of the sub-harmonics detection. The calculation simplicity of the morphological operators furnishes the proposed method with ease of real-time implementation.


A kinematic GPS (Global Positioning System) survey was performed by the National Geodetic Survey to determine the feasibility of using the method operationally on some geodetic surveying projects. The method of the experiment is described, and results from two GPS data reduction packages are presented along with results of a terrestrial survey performed on the same network of stations. Operationally oriented discussions of the kinematic method., project planning and execution, and suggestions for future kinematic software and hardware are included. The antenna swap method of determining integer biases is described. The survey demonstrates that with little modification of equipment or software, it is possible to implement kinematic surveying as a standard mode of operation on many NGS (National Geodetic Survey) projects. The results of the survey indicate that with station occupation periods of 2 min the repeatability of base line vector components determined by kinematic methods will be subcentimeter.


aResearch Aims I researched how children with Cerebral Palsy are affected in their daily life, and also how the families of such children are affected. I wanted to research this as I was surprised by how little people really know about Cerebral Palsy, and I wanted to learn more about the condition myself as a member of my family is affected by it. I also aimed to enlighten others so as to build a society that better understands disabilities like Cerebral Palsy. The purpose of the research was to provide a snapshot of the experiences and perceptions of a child with Cerebral Palsy as well as those of the families of affected children. This snapshot could be used to draw conclusions and would allow me to achieve my aims.


Abstract This paper contributes to discussions of procedural aspects of environmental justice, understood as having procedural and substantive dimensions. It argues that the struggle for environmental justice must recognize the oppression of disabled people as part of the essential broadening of the notion of citizenship, which continues to be the focus for struggle for the international disability movement. Its case study of an area of South Wales suggests that at present disabled people, and the struggles of the disability movement, do not really feature in the way environmental activists (inside and outside government) see the world. This huge omission must be addressed, but in a way that avoids interpreting disability as an administrative category, and must engage with disablement as a political and contested notion. The paper develops the significance of this contention by considering the case of Deafness, which is entirely different from hearing impairment. The paper's case study, presented as an illustration of its arguments, shows that to regard Deaf people in South Wales as part of some generic category of 'disabled people' would be to ignore their self-identification as a distinctive linguistic community. Moreover, there is some evidence that Deaf people have a distinctive view of, and set of concerns about, quality of life, reflecting their distinctive experience of social injustice and marginalization. This underlines the necessity for a serious engagement with disablement as a political category, and the disability movement as a struggle for social justice, within the promotion of environmental justice.


DOI: 10.38035/JAFM Abstract: In the last few years, employee performance has decreased because the wages received are considered insufficient to meet the needs of a decent life. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze those influencing wage policies and employee performance in companies in the Bekasi Regency industrial area. The study population was employees of companies in the industrial area of Bekasi Regency. In accordance with structural equition modeling (SEM), a sample of 285 respondents was selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was applied by applying government regulation theory, trade union theory, labor productivity theory, wage policy theory and employee performance theory. Hypothesis testing was carried out using SEM with the Lisrel Version 8.80 application. The results showed that the direct effect of government regulations, labor unions, work productivity and living costs has a significant effect on wage policies and government regulations, labor unions, wage policies have a significant effect on employee performance and indirect effects. government regulations, labor unions, work productivity, cost of living, have a significant effect on employee performance through wage policies.


Objective To investigate the repair effect of canalicular laceration.Methods 58 cases(58 eyes) of canalicular laceration received surgery.The lacerated canaliculus was anastomosed with 10-0 suture and intubation of epidural anesthetic tube was put for 1-3 months. Results All of the broken ends were found successfully.The cure rate was 63.79%(37 cases),improved in 19 cases(32.76%) and no effect in 2 cases(3.45%).Conclusion Eepidural anesthetic tube has elastic and easy to be accepted by patients and can be kept for a long time.


Liquid crystal display (LCD) technology has been researched on simple structure, cost-effective fabrication, high resolution, thinner thickness and more portability for the use of devices without the limitation of area. Reflective LCD with the advantage of their high performance under outdoor environments is one of the most attractive devices which can be satisfied with these requirements [1]. The most attractive thing of reflective LCD is the readability in bright ambient as the power saving. However, in the conventional reflective LCD, the light efficiency is relatively low because incident light experience the color filter in twice times [2-4]. Therefore, we use the cholesteric liquid crystal layer to obtain the full color characteristic without color filter and realize the black state using the circular polarizers. In this paper, we propose a new reflective liquid crystal display configuration using the cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) films. By using the circular polarizers and reflection layer, we can obtain the switching characteristics of the incident outer light. The patterned ChLC layer with red, green and blue can reflect the three colors without color filter and reflected circularly polarized light can pass through the outer circular polarizer. Our reflective LC device is expected to have brighter characteristics because the incident light cannot pass through the color filter in twice times. Therefore, light efficiency is much more increased in reflective mode and excellent dark state can be achieved without absorption layer.


Hyperglycemia induces a higher rate of activation pathways responsible for inflammation which leads to microvascular and macrovascular complications, oxidative stress as well as apoptosis. In the pathological manifestation of hyperglycemic events, a raised level of inflammatory markers such as: IL6, TNF-α and C-reactive protein occurs which in turn promotes acute-phase of inflammation leading to signaling impairment of insulin function and insulin resistance. On the other hand, enhanced systemic inflammation due to periodontal diseases mediated by the release of IL-6 and TNF-α happens when associated with hyperglycemia. This review article deals with assessment on hyperglycemia and its correlation to dental pathologies with special reference to periodontitis and vice versa. Studies show that the paradigm shift in the oral microbiota due to hyperglycemic condition resulting in the increase in the pathogenicity of associated pathogenic microbes which results in increased inflammation and bone loss in periodontal pathologies. The extensive studies about the association between inflammatory periodontal disease and diabetes show the cyclic relationship between the two. Diabetes predisposes the individual to periodontal infections and also the later exacerbates or worsens the glycemic control in diabetic patients. Routine periodontal examination provides an insight for the early diagnosis of diabetes in undiagnosed patients and may reduce the worsening of metabolic control thereby preventing serious complications. Also the oral health of diabetic patients may be improved and well maintained with proper management of blood glucose levels. Although there are evidences in literature to establish correlation between Diabetes Mellitus associated with periodontitis and vice versa, still the outcomes are not conclusive. Therefore large-scale prospective epidemiological analysis are the only sought after approach to clearly bring in the connectivity between Diabetes and Periodontal disease


BACKGROUND Tissue acquisition from subepithelial lesions is often attempted by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-sampling as conventional endoscopic biopsy usually fails to reach deeper layers of the gastrointestinal wall. AIM To investigate the utilisation, safety and diagnostic yield of an intensified "bite-on-bite" tunnel biopsy technique. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, all patients presenting with subepithelial masses in the upper gastrointestinal tract from March 2013 to July 2019 were included. Data were analysed for size and location of the subepithelial mass, use of intensified tunnel biopsy protocol (more than 10 double bite-on-bite biopsies) or superficial conventional biopsies, histology and imaging results, occurrence of readmission and adverse events after endoscopy. RESULTS Two hundred and twenty-nine patients with subepithelial lesions were included. Superficial conventional biopsies were taken in 117 patients and were diagnostic only in one lipoma (0.9 %). Tunnel biopsies taken in 112/229 (48.9%) patients were significantly more likely to provide histological diagnosis (53.6%; P < 0.001). For lesions ≥ 10mm the diagnostic yield of tunnel biopsies further increased to 41/67 (61.2%). No immediate or delayed complications were reported. Only 8 of the 51 endoscopists (15.7%) regularly attempted tunnel biopsies. CONCLUSION Tunnel biopsy is a simple, safe and efficient but underutilised diagnostic modality for tissue acquisition in subepithelial masses. It should be routinely attempted at the initial endoscopy.


The article reflects the problems of regionalization of school history education. At the beginning of the article, the relevance of this topic in modern Russian society is indicated, examples of successful practices in the educational space of individual subjects of the Russian Federation are given. Attention is drawn to the fact that there are problem areas in the implementation of regional history. The methodological foundations of the updated Concept of teaching the training course "History of Russia" in educational institutions of the Russian Federation that implement the main general educational programs: a multilevel presentation of history, a multifactorial nature of history, historical-anthropological and historical-cultural approaches are identified and characterized. The concept of "region" is presented in different scales of the historical space. The characteristics of the concept of glocalization are given. It is indicated what the new content of the local history implies. In the main part of the article the resources available in the region are characterized, with the help of which it is possible to solve this problem, the perspectives in the context of this topic are determined. Particular attention is paid to the review of regional educational and scientific publications on the history of the Kirov region, since 2005. In conclusion, it is concluded that the experience of teaching regional history has been accumulated in pedagogical theory and practice. At the same time, the problem requiring special attention is its educational and methodological support. For the Kirov region, despite a significant number of textbooks and scientific publications that meet the requirements of the updated Concept of teaching russian history, the most pressing problem is the lack of a regional textbook. At the same time, there are sufficient resources with the help of which it is possible to solve this problem, including the activities of the Research Center for regional studies at the regional scientific Library. A. I. Herzen.


Before the discovery of insulin, the primary controversy in diabetes was what kind of reductive diet to use—rice diet, rancid fat diet, vegetables "cooked three times in their own water," and so forth. All were restrictive and essentially treated diabetes by starvation. For type 2 diabetes, they probably worked out, in that they no doubt led to weight loss. (Perhaps we should try some of these again.)

With the advent of insulin, the problem of diabetes was thought to be solved, and indeed, those with type 1 diabetes did just fine, for a while. It didn't take long, however, for those now living longer to begin to develop vascular and neurological complications. And thus began a new round of controversy.

This controversy, which began in the 1930s, raged on for the next 60 years and was often very heated. The issue, simply put, was whether the vascular and neurological problems associated with diabetes were a genetic concomitant of the disease (and thus inevitable and unalterable) or instead were associated with the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes, such as high blood glucose levels (and thus preventable). Which side one took on this issue had great ramifications regarding the method of diabetes management one's practice adopted.

A classic debate on this topic took place in New York in the 1940s between Dr. Elliott Joslin and Dr. Edward Tolstoi. The debate, which was recorded and is available at the New York Hospital, Cornell University School of Medicine, was reenacted a few years ago.

In the late 1930s, Dr. Robert L. Jackson, then a pediatrician at the University of Iowa …


The Party construction work of universities is the important factor to ensure the reform and innovation of the construction of universities.Dezhou University insists that "scientific development" is the core of the Party building work in colleges and universities,the essential countermeasures of the Party construction in universities and colleges are strengthening the innovation of construction of the Party and in new era,the Party construction in universities and colleges should focus on the idea of following the new situation and strengthen the Party construction comprehensively to build local University of high level with efforts.


With the widespread adoption of concurrent programming, debugging of non-deterministic failures becomes increasingly important. Record & replay debugging aids developers in this effort by reliably reproducing recorded bugs. Because each concurrency model (e.g., threads vs actors) is particularly suited for different tasks, developers started combining them within the same application. Record & replay solutions are typically designed for one concurrency model only. In this paper we propose a novel multi-paradigm record & replay that is based on abstracting concurrency models to a common set of concepts and events.


We consider the magnetic interaction of exoplanets orbiting M dwarfs, calculating the expected Poynting flux carried upstream along Alfvén wings to the central star. A region of emission analogous to the Io footprint observed in Jupiter's aurora is produced, and we calculate the radio flux density generated near the surface of the star via the electron-cyclotron maser instability. We apply the model to produce individual case studies for the TRAPPIST-1, Proxima Centauri, and dwarf NGTS-1 systems. We predict steady-state flux densities of up to ∼10 μJy and sporadic bursts of emission of up to ∼1 mJy from each case study, suggesting these systems may be detectable with the Very Large Array and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, and perhaps the Square Kilometre Array in the future. Finally, we present a survey of 85 exoplanets orbiting M dwarfs, identifying 11 such objects capable of generating radio emission above 10 μJy.


For independent data, non‐parametric bootstrap is realised by resampling the data with replacement. This approach fails for dependent data such as time series. If the data generating process is at least stationary and mixing, the blockwise bootstrap by drawing subsamples or blocks of the data saves the concept. For the blockwise bootstrap a blocklength has to be selected. We propose a method for selecting the optimal blocklength. To improve the finite size properties of the blockwise bootstrap, studentised statistics is considered. If the statistic can be represented as a smooth function model this studentisation can be approximated efficiently. The studentised blockwise bootstrap method is applied for testing hypotheses on medical time series. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Two cases of bladder rupture caused by accidental insufflation of oxygen through an indwelling urethral catheter are described. Both patients were ill with multiple diseases. Conservative treatment, including an open indwelling urethral catheter, and surveillance of abdominal status seem appropriate when managing this complication.


The purpose of this study was to examine the satisfaction of inpatients with the level of health care services in less-than-three-year-old hospitals and three-year-old or older hospitals and the influence of this satisfaction on satisfaction with hospital revisit in an effort to seek strategies gear...


Being confronted with the globlization of the world′s economic ,the activity of Merger and Acguisition (MA)is becoming a trend.Based on the analy sis of the present situation of our country′s commercial banks,the paper gives some suggestions about the MA.During this process there would be some faults t o escape.


To understand the cognition of the Food Toxicology course in the Food Hygiene and Nutrition major in a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) University, and to provide references for the better teaching of the Food Toxicology course in TCM universities. Methods Fifty Food Hygiene and Nutrition major undergraduates in the class of 2016 were selected as research objects, using the cluster sampling method in a TCM university. The questionnaires were compiled and filled out by students before their first class. Results In this study, 93.88% of the students thought it necessary to set up Food Toxicology course, and 97.96% of them were willing to take the course. The main reason given was that curriculum knowledge was very important and will be helpful in their future work. The main form of study preferred by the majority of respondents (79.59%) was compulsory courses, and 61.22% aimed to master their knowledge of Food Toxicology course. In addition, 97.96% thought that the Food Toxicology course would be useful in their future work. Students had a relatively high cognition of dose-response relationship, food safety assessment and food risk analysis, while their cognition of food toxicology concept was the lowest. Some differences were noted regarding the effect of different cognitive levels of core knowledge on classification, and the course could be divided into three parts for teaching purposes. Conclusion Through the investigation detailed in this study, we now have a preliminary understanding of the cognition of the Food Toxicology course in the Food Hygiene and Nutrition major in the TCM University. During the teaching process, we need to include a Chinese medicine background, and typical cases should be selected, based on the idea of "Homology of Medicine and Food" in traditional medicine.


An equivalent linear computational model of seabed-structure coupling system is established based on the modified Hardin model.Considering that the equivalent damping ratio is an important factor in the dynamic analysis for soils using the equivalent linear method,the effects of soil damping on the response of seabed-structure coupling system are investigated with emphasis.The parameter of the separation stress on interface is also important in simulating the interface behavior using the sliding Coulomb friction model.Based on the previous research,a new model of separation stress on the seabed-structure interface,which describes the interface more reasonably,is postulated and compared with the conventional model.


Aiming at the difficulty in the high-precision timing synchronization of MSK signal in low frequency communication system, this paper analyzed and compared several timing synchronization methods and timing parameter estimation algorithms, and proposed an improved timing synchronization method combining ML forward estimation and feedback loop. According to the simulation result, compared with traditional feedback algorithms, the improved synchronous method has advantages in such aspects as capture time and estimation accuracy.


An improved data hiding in halftone images with cooperating pair toggling human visual system (PTHVS) is presented in this paper. An objective halftone image quality evaluation method based on the human visual system obtained by least-mean-square (LMS) is also introduced. By rigorously searching the optimum toggled pixels with the proposed human visual LMS-trained filter, the proposed method is proven to be superior to the data hiding smart pair toggling (DHSPT), proposed by Fu and Au, in image quality under a number of tested halftone images. The tested halftone images include ordered dithering, Floyd error diffusion, Jarvis error diffusion, and Stucki error diffusion images. Moreover, the proposed method offers high embedded capacity, and it is flexible to deal with different capacity applications.


HIV‐infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have an increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as a result of heightened inflammation and immune activation, despite at times having normal lipids and few traditional risk factors. Biomarkers are needed to identify such patients before a clinical event. Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) predicts CVD events in the general population. This study investigated the relationship between Lp‐PLA2 and markers of CVD risk, systemic inflammation, immune activation, and coagulation in HIV infection.


The reaction of aryl halides with acrolein diethyl acetal in the presence of Pd(OAC) 2 , n-Bu 3 N, and n-Bu 4 NCl in DMF at 90°C affords ethyl 3-arylpropanoates. A variety of functional groups are tolerated in the aryl halides, including ether, aldehyde, ketone, ester, nitrile, and nitro groups. ortho-Substituents do not hamper the reaction. 3-Arylpropanoate esters were isolated in good to excellent yields with many neutral, electron-rich and electron-poor aryl iodides and electron-poor aryl bromide. Neutral and electron-rich aryl bromides gave the desired ester in moderate yields.


The utility model relates to a seek mark toy car, including automobile body, left drive wheel, right drive wheel, set up the automobile body downside be used for to the trajectory discern the response induction system, with induction system electric connection's controller and be used for driving left drive wheel pivoted left side drive arrangement and be used for driving right drive wheel pivoted right side drive arrangement. Induction system includes first inductor, the second inductor of controlling the interval setting along the axletree direction of automobile body to the response is relative or skew location State with the trajectory respectively. Can be to the discernment of the trajectory of automobile body downside through induction system, confirm the location State of relative trajectory with signal transmission to the controller left drive arrangement of control of discernment or right drive arrangement's rotational speed, to let the toy car turn to according to the direction of trajectory again, realize the toy car all the time according to the direction walking of trajectory, the trajectory can freely set up, lets the moving trajectory abundance more of toy car.


A simplified material model to model paperboard was proposed. Paperboard was modeled as a multilayered structure with a softening interface model connecting the paperboard plies. The paperboard pli ...


To solve the greater deviation of bentonite content measuring result in drilling fluid during complex deep well field operation,the experiment methods for improving measuring accuracy of bentonite content in drilling fluid for complex deep wells was investigated,based on analyzing the affecting factors on bentonite content measuring accuracy,The effect of salt content,pH value and additives on measuring accuracy of bentonite content was analyzed and then the bentonite content measuring method of national standard GB/T16783-1997 was improved.Results showed that the salinity,pH value,additive types and usage all affect the measuring result.With salinity increases,the measuring result is getting less than the actual value,and with the increase of pH value and additive absorbing methyleneblue,the measuring result is getting more than the actual value.According to improved measuring method,the addition of 2.5 N sulfuric acid is 0.5 mL,and that of 5% H2O2is 15%,while the pH value of testing liquid is 9.0.The improved bentonite content measuring method has high accuracy and good parallelism.


In order to obtain further evidence in support of the view that the appearance of creatine in the urine in animals, where the metabolism of carbohydrate has been interfered with, is actually due to the disturbance of the metabolic activities, and is not merely an error in observation due to the presence of aceto-acetic acid, the present experiments were carried out. It has already been shown by Cathcart and Orr [1914] that in the case of the administration of phloridzin a creatinutia can exist without a concomitant acidosis. As the "error " in phloridzin glycosuria is generally considered to be renal, it was of some interest to examine the urine in other forms of glycosuria in which the cause is less obvious. The forms of glycosuria selected were (1) that following the injection of adrenaline, and (2) postanaesthetic glycosuria.


How do offenders on probation view their probation officers? What do they think of probation supervision? How effective are probation orders? This article presents some interesting opinions from clients themselves.


This research was funded by the Water Desalination and Reuse Center and from discretionary research funds provided by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.


In the context of the User Interface design process, diverse user requirements are likely to dictate differentiated design decisions. When developing user-adapted interfaces, which are capable of personalizing to end-user attributes, it is required to identify all the necessary alternative design artifacts emerging from diverse user requirements, and organize them in a form more usable for the implementation process. Currently, design methodologies do not provide adequate support for structuring alternative design decisions for user-adapted interaction in a unified form, thus not supporting a concise architectural model for mapping the design outcomes to an implemented user-adapted interface. We have developed the unified design method for driving the design process of user-adapted interfaces. The unified design method, which produces a fusion of all alternative designs (in a single form), is based on task definition and incremental physical polymorphic specialization (the polymorphism criterion being the user attribute values). We have implemented a target architectural model for mapping the design outcomes of the unified design process to implemented interactive systems.


A systematic methodology for mapping a class of iterative algorithms onto processor array architectures is presented. The concept of the array architecture is combined efficiently with the existing knowledge of compiler techniques. It is considered as an initial description of the iterative algorithm Fortran-like nested loops, without the requirement of transforming it into any intermediate form such as uniform recurrent equations. The principles of Lamport's coordinate method are used. Depending on the systolic or non-systolic structure of the algorithm and/or the multidimensional mapping, the resulting architectures can be either regular arrays or piecewise regular arrays. The important subclass of algorithm known as weak single assignment codes is treated in an optimal way.<<ETX>>


The read-and-clear technique for a single-gate charge-injection-device (CID) array that eliminates the readout lag in the voltage-type sensing mode is discussed. The readout physical mechanisms along with characteristics of the device as a photon detector are analyzed based on a piecewise linear charge-voltage (Q-V) model. The readout scheme decouples the function of CID readout from that of refreshing the pixel storage capacity following injection pulses. Consequently, readout lag is eliminated, and a low-noise equivalent charge through minimized readout capacitance is achieved. In addition, the scheme facilitates a simple implementation of background charge skimming. Empirical results on an InSb CID linear array that in good agreement with theoretical predictions are presented. >


Recently autonomous navigation technique for a mobile robot becomes very important. In a field of navigation, the technique for localization and mapping by laser range finder is one of the major interesting topic. In order to use the method, an environment map including navigation root is need to be prepared in advance. Then, it is necessary to travel the route once before to make the map and the route by a mobile robot which performs the autonomous navigation. In many cases, when collecting environmental data, the robot requires a person to be accompanied. When making a wide range of environmental map, the person needs to walk long distance, and the load of the person increases. Therefore, we suggest to use bicycle installed LIDER and ride it to get the information of environment of the map. By using the bicycle, it is considered that the cost and time to collect the information of environment becomes low and short. In this work, we report an experiment of mapping in riding a bicycle equipped with a laser range finder, gyro sensor and encoder, and an experiment of a navigation by a mobile robot with the map created by the bicycle.


✓ The authors have analyzed the hospital course and outcome in 100 consecutive patients with severe head injuries who either on admission or within 24 to 48 hours of their hospitalization were not verbally responsive, and not able to follow commands. All were treated in a uniform manner. Operative intervention was performed immediately in patients with significant extracerebral hematomas or large superficial intracerebral hematomas. Intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored in all, and in 55 patients treatment with a combination of dexamethasone, hyperventilation (PaCO2 of 25 to 28 mm Hg), mannitol, normothermia, and controlled systemic arterial pressure was required for intracranial hypertension (ICP > 15 mm Hg). In 25 patients whose ICP remained significantly elevated (ICP > 40 mm Hg for 15 minutes or more), high-dose pentobarbital therapy was used to lower the ICP. Forty-five patients recovered with no or minimal neurological deficit, and returned to their pre-injury occupation (good recovery). Fifteen...


Not forgiving the ignorance of law comes from an ancient Rome proverb,which stresses that incorrect legal understanding is harmful and cannot be the excuse of escaping punishment.The principle of not permitting the ignorance of law in American judicial precedent is regarded as one of the oldest and most valuable principles in criminal procedure.After World War Two,with the increasing social progress and development of theoretical study of criminal law,this principle began to receive people's suspicion.Strictly insisting on non-exception from liability due to ignorance of law has resulted in some unjust trials,and many countries has begun to revise their criminal laws.Unavoidable mistake in legal understanding can be excepted from liability,while avoidable mistake in legal understanding can only enjoy punishment reduction.


Subclinical Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (SCL) was evaluated using the Leishmanin Skin Test (LST) in Keana, North-Central Nigeria. Fifty-three individuals were studied. Fifteen, 28.30% had lesions indicative of previous and active leishmaniasis, 9 (16.98%) had scars while 29(54.72%) had neither scars nor lesions. Lesions and scars were multiple and mostly found on the hind limbs. Mice inoculated with tissue from lesions sampled did not develop lesions. Results showed that 18(34.0%) of the subjects were LST positive with the prevalence higher in the females than the males (42.9% vs 24.0%). The LST positivity occurred with the highest frequency amongst individuals who had scars (44.5%). There was significant difference in the association between sex and the LST positivity (χ 2 = 2.11, df. = 1, P<0.05). Individuals of 41 – 50 years old had the highest LST positivity (42.9%). Results provide evidence of presence of Cuteneous Leishmaniasis in Keana and confirmed the effectiveness of LST in identifying of cuteneous leishmaniasis associated symptoms.


The following article is an abridgment of the author's plenary address "Forty Years of the American Society of Missiology: Retrospect and Prospect," delivered at the American Society of Missiology annual meeting, Wheaton, Illinois, on June 21, 2013. The full address is available in Missiology: An International Review 42, no. 1 (January 2014), and online at http://mis.sagepub.com/content/42/1/6.full.pdf+html. (This URL was updated on December 31, 2013.) DOI: 10.1177/0091829613507026. —Editors


Management of close comminuted fracture in the shaft of femur in adult is a difficult task. Here we report a case who was managed by open reduction and internal fixation with broad dynamic compression plate without stripping of Periosteum. doi: 10.3329/taj.v15i2.3919 TAJ December 2002; Vol.15(2): 96-97


Background: Missed nursing care is defined as delaying, postpon ing, or omitting the required patient care partiall y or as a whole. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this descriptive study was to determ ine the missed nursing care by the nurses in three province hospitals and reasons for missed care. Methods: The study was conducted with 550 nurses working in care units in hospitals in the three province. To c olle t the data, the participant information form consisti ng of 7 questions prepared by the researcher and "M ISSCARE Survey Turkish" was used. Numbers, percentages, mea n, t-test, and oneway ANOVA were used for data anal ysis. Results: In the study, the overall mean score for Elements o f Missed Nursing Care was found 1.63±0.35, and the overall mean score for Elements of Missed Nursing C are was 3.22±0.65. The most missed nursing care was "Ambulation three times per day or as ordered", and the most significant reason for missed nursing car e was "Inadequate number of staff". Conclusions: It was concluded that nursing care was missed by th e nurses working in the hospitals in the three province. The study reveals that the care given to patients i n hospitals cannot be done for some reason. Hospita ls are aware of this issue and should make new arrangement s.


This is the English Version of a communication read in the American University of Beirut in 2001. Arendt Lijphart's consensus theory is confronted to the Lebanese constitutional crisis. Four sociological variables are examined: social pluralism, mode of representation, citizenship and the role of the elite.


Open Access e-publishing (in OA journals and Institutional repositories) increases the impact of research. Context and evaluation methods are discussed.


In this paper we give the answers to two open questions on complex symmetric composition operators. By doing this, we give a complete description of complex symmetric composition operators whose symbols are linear fractional.


For several years the College at Cortland, State University of New York, has offered a course in drug studies through its Health Science Department. During the 1971 summer session a section of this course was limited to people preparing to teach about drugs as a part of the State-mandated course in Health Education. The New York State Education Department provided stipends for students and paid those consultants who requested fees or expenses. One section of this course was conducted at the college's 250-acre Adirondack camp, the Huntington Memorial Camp. Education law in New York State specifies that there be included in grades Kindergarten through 12 the study of Health. Drugs, in particular, are given a prominent part in this study. The refreshing atmosphere of a well-equipped but otherwise unspoiled camp is described. Its probable effect upon learning, especially the development of attitudes toward drug education, is explored in this article. The nature of the course conduct and content are included, as well.


The high frequency operation mode of SMPS makes the EMI problem very serious. The main reasons of electromagnetic interference for SMPS and some suppressing methods are presented.


The London panorama produced by Thomas Girtin in 1801 has long since been lost, but thanks to the surviving preparatory drawings and a wealth of documentary material, we can piece together the project's progress in unprecedented detail. Newly discovered archival material, in particular, shows it as a highly capitalized commercial project: a collaboration in which Girtin ceded many of the artist's responsibilities to a business partner and a team of assistants. Girtin's working drawings also help to explain how the Eidometropolis, as the panorama was titled, broke new ground in the depiction of the city. Allying fine art landscape effects with the scrupulous topographical veracity required of the panoramist, Girtin succeeded in creating a new way of reflecting the heterogeneous complexity of the modern city in flux. Concentrating on the issue of legibility, the second part of the article consequently examines the way in which the panoramic mode generates a fragmented and occluded image of the city, which Girtin matched with a visual strategy which emphasizes the random and the quotidian.


He was born following a spontaneous premature labour at 32 weeks of gestation weighing 1.92 kg (50th centile) with length 39 cm (9–25th centile) and head circumference 30 cm (25–50th centile). He required immediate resuscitation due to airway obstruction and respiratory compromise due to a combination of micrognathia, small thorax and prematurity. In the neonatal period, examination revealed a large anterior fontanelle, hypertelorism, a flat midface, hypoplastic clavicles and brachdactyly (Fig. 1). Hypospadias and undescended testes were also noted.


related to the adverbs in -mente with a relational adjective in the base, that is, the fact that in some expressions these adverbs are neither viewpoint subjuncts nor manner adjuncts but "relational adjuncts". One example is intervenir quirúrgicamente ('to operate surgically') in which the adverb is the translation in a new categorical order of the meaning of the nominal phrase intervención quirúrgica ('surgical operation'). The relational adjective of this phrase becomes a derivational unit in the verbal phrase, but it does not acquire a typical adverbial meaning, rather keeping its classificatory character. On the other hand, the nominalized name recovers in this verbal version its original form as a verb. This is why we call this phenomenon "regressive nominalization". The paper is completed with some historical observations about this kind of phraserecategorization.


The reciprocal preference is a important idea of behavior economics,which thinks that the economic entity has a certain degree of altruistic motives and the traditional economic assumptions can not reasonably analysis the realistic activities.At present,the reciprocal preference has obvious economic effects especially in the small and medium-sized private enterprise.The reciprocal preference may ultimately enhance the enterprise core competence through the improvement of inner marketing and employee loyalty.The research founds that mutual motivation may promote mutual behavior,and both of two factors may improve internal marketing and employee loyalty,while internal marketing may promote employee loyalty,both of two factors may raise the enterprise core competence.The empirical study of conduction effect may provide the theory reference for private enterprise to strengthen the mutual cultural construction and raise the operation performance.


As the low density parity check codes has proved their accuracy in error correcting .considering the ldpc as reference the architecture of ldpc is studied .ldpc coding contains check nodes and variable nodes which has their memory elements respectively .so an efficient use of memory can decrease the computation time. Further the arrays of memory requirement has been decreased by making the memory global to all the nodes . ldpc is considered as a finite state machine in which each node is a state .An efficient memory utilization method has been proposed to decrease the memory utilization in the fpga.


A new post-process called a post noise smoother (PNS) for the CELP decoder is proposed in order to improve low bit rate speech-coding performance under various background noise conditions. In the PNS, spectral amplitude smoothing and phase randomizing are performed on the decoded speech in order to obtain smoothed background noise. The decoded speech, the smoothed signal, and an automatically generated imitative noise signal are multiplied by adaptive gains and are summed up in the final output speech. These gains are computed from each frame's estimated ratio of background noise to signal. Evaluation test results show that the PNS significantly improves the subjective quality of a 4-kbps speech coder under various conditions of background noise.


We have evaluated the intensities and spectral shapes of the 0.431 and 0.478-MeV lines of /sup 7/Li and /sup 7/Be resulting from ..cap alpha cap alpha.. reactions. Circumstances in which the widths of these lines are much narrower than expected for an isotropic distribution of energetic particles interacting in a low density ambient medium are discussed. The beaming of the alpha particles leads to narrow widths (FWHM approx. = 10 keV) for the prompt 0.431 and 0.478 MeV lines. For such widths these lines are detectable in large solar flares and give information on the directionality of the accelerated particles in the flare region. Delayed emission at 0.478 MeV from /sup 7/Be decay can also have a narrow line width provided that the ..cap alpha cap alpha.. reactions take place in a dense (approx. >10/sup 5/ cm/sup -3/) ambient medium. Even though chances for detecting this line from either flares or the interstellar medium are not very good, the present calculations should be useful in setting limits on the present rate of /sup 7/Li production in the Galaxy.


Carpooling is a social service par excellence. Solidarity between people or within identified groups, contracting service and confidence in service when hazards can occur, safety of the service provided (not only the ICT information provided but also the operated travel when an itinerary path is computed), and sometimes confidentiality agreements or information exchanged, all these characteristics and values are features which are considered necessary to develop the use of carpooling. The use of carpooling is too confidential. It is struggling to reach a critical mass. Furthermore, the democratization of the carpooling service faces the difficulty of access to a critical mass of offers (empty seats) to look forward a request. In this paper we define and provide a push service to carpooling. This push service brings more opportunism. So the instant processing of an offer or need transportation, explicitly formulated, or implicitly and partially formulated, that leads to intelligent use. Log management, knowledge of the operating environment in real-time, enabling the functionality of the service push, all these features make up a process of linking supply and demand as a prerequisite of all carpooling contracts. We present such a service in the context of Real-Time Carpooling service, and more generally in the context of demand responsive transportation system. The concepts of this push service were validated through experimental service at a stadium of French Ligue 1 of football during the past two years.


The official social teaching of Popes John XXIII and Paul VI and the Second Vatican Council embraced secularization—what they called the "legitimate autonomy" of the world. It also recognized the intrinsic value of human work and humankind's increasing mastery over the created world. The "aggiornamento framework" proposed in their teaching envisions the church as open to the modern world. This framework proposes a humanistic vision of development, including the human person's material, social, and spiritual dimensions. The aggiornamento framework also presents a historical view of social development, recognizing both that humankind can transform the institutions of society and that God is present in history and leads humankind onward through history to the Kingdom of God.


This paper is a reflection on teaching the first year unit, Legal Process, at Southern Cross University. It arises out of a career in the academy that has married research and teaching within an activist paradigm. While the technical rules of law, often referred to as 'black letter' law, are taught, there is a consensus among staff that knowing what law is forms only part of a progressive legal education. I developed the curriculum outlined below as a means of teaching law in a critical, engaged fashion. Like other teachers in this mode, I prefer classes where the teacher is a facilitator, 'asking questions, inviting comments, encouraging ideas, giving feedback and thinking aloud'. The teacher engages in 'improvised conversation.' My aim is to encourage learning that results in students being 'inclusive, open to other viewpoints, critical to one's own assumptions, dynamic, and capable to incorporate new experiences.' This requires courage on the part of students and teachers. My introductory unit is taught using legal texts, music, drawing, dance, fiction, film, performance and poetry. As teacher I disclose my subjectivity - I have a bias towards 'justice' and black letter law is but one part of this broad enterprise. Another aspect is 'transformative reflection' on the part of teacher and student.


The hyperbolicity statements for subvarieties and complements of hypersurfaces in abelian varieties admit arithmetic analogues, due to Faltings (and Vojta for the semi-abelian case). In Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Rend. Lincei Mat. Appl. 29 (2018) by the second author, an analogy between the analytic and arithmetic theories was shown to hold also at proof level, namely in a proof of Raynaud's theorem (Manin-Mumford Conjecture). The first aim of this paper is to extend to the relative setting the above mentioned hyperbolicity results. We shall be concerned with analytic sections of a relative (semi-)abelian scheme over an affine algebraic curve.
These sections form a group; while the group of rational sections (the Mordell-Weil group) has been widely studied, little investigation has been pursued so far on the group of the analytic sections. We take the opportunity of developing some basic structure of this apparently new theory, defining a notion of height or order functions for the analytic sections, by means of Nevanlinna theory.


Hybrid reinforced concrete (HRC) can be defined as a cementitious material in which the reinforcing secondary phase consists of a combination of continuous steel rebars and of short discontinuous fibers, randomly distributed within the concrete matrix. For these structural elements, experimental flexural tests highlight how the postcracking response of the composite is strongly affected by the amount of steel bars together with reinforcing fibers. In the present work, it is shown that the action of these two contributions can be clearly interpreted in the framework of Fracture Mechanics through the Updated Bridged Crack Model (UBCM). The model assumes nonlinear constitutive laws to describe the toughening action of the reinforcing secondary phases, which are related to the yielding of steel rebars and to the pull‐out of the short fibers. Under these assumptions, different postcracking regimes depending on three scale‐dependent dimensionless numbers can be predicted: the bar‐reinforcement brittleness number, NP, which is directly related to the steel bar area percentage, ρ; the fiber‐reinforcement brittleness number, NP,f, which is directly related to the fiber volume fraction, Vf; and the pull‐out brittleness number, Nw, which depends on the critical embedment length of the fiber‐reinforcement, wc. The couples of critical values of the two reinforcement brittleness numbers define the minimum reinforcement conditions of the HRC structural element—that is, the combination of ρmin and Vf,min required to guarantee a stable post‐cracking response—including its scale dependence. A parametrical analysis is presented together with the modeling of an experimental campaign reported in the literature in order to assess the effectiveness of the UBCM.


As a processing stage in continuous and batch processes, the demineralisation of natural fibers is already a regular constituent of many pretreatment formulations. New developments in the field of complex formers, which meet technical requirements and also ease the burden on the environment, will further reinforce the trend towards this procesing stage.


In coevolution, species are coevolving in a way that the genetic changes of one species in response to another species are reciprocal. One class of coevolution is cooperative coevolution in which species collaborate to solve the problems. The fitness of an individual in a species is assigned based on how well its collaboration with other individuals of another species can perform. As an extension of evolutionary algorithms (EAs), cooperative revolutionary algorithms (CCEAs) operate similar to EAs, except during fitness evaluations. In this paper, we focus on genetic variation operations of a CCEA: mutations. We present how to bias mutations in cooperative coevolution and compare the performance of a CCEA adopting biasing mutations (CCEA-BM) and a conventional CCEA in which all individuals are encoded in binary representations. Our experimental study shows that biasing mutations can improve the performance of a CCEA on function optimization, in particular when high orders of binary representations are used.


Getting 3D coordinates of a point in DEM by mouse selection is a difficult problem in the scene of 3D simulation.And the common method of 3D terrain mouse selection which does not consider the characteristic of the grid data is inefficient and not suitable in computer human interaction.This article realized a method of 3D terrain mouse selection in grid data.And this improved method is much more efficient than the common method.


Research Background and MotivationIn the 21st century when it is the computerized world, computers have replaced manpower for most living affairs that people have more free time for sports. Manell (2006) regarded to promote positive moods with recreation being a primary strategy for regulating stress; sports and chatting with colleagues allowed people to effectively adjust the moods; and, leisure could assist people in enhancing positive moods and reduce negative emotions under pressure. From the research on sports and leisure management, the author discovered that participants in sports and leisure could receive Leisure Benefits to release pressure and enhance physical and mental health and to create favorable Quality of Life from sports, which could further promote work efficiency and academic achievement. According to the above statements, the author considered doctors prescribing medicine for patients not being the best medical treatment; instead, implementing the best medical treatment and sports at the same time could have patients increase the immunoglobulin to reinforce the resistance of cells (Kuo, 2010).Creating Sports Island Plan, implemented by Sports Affairs Council, Executive Yuan, aims to lead the citizens to identify the benefits of sports in the process and further actively participate in sports. The government has spent a huge amount of expense on national health insurance, presenting that the citizens' health is alerting. For this reason, Sports Affairs Council, Executive Yuan, proposed such solutions to create sports for the citizens promoting the health. Creating Sports Island Plan requires the cooperation of the government and the civil for the actual benefits to have people favor sports.In this case, the physical and mental health of citizens could be enhanced, Quality of Life could be promoted, and Job Satisfaction of the participants in Creating Sports Island Plan could be enhanced.Research PurposeBased on the above research motivations, this study specifically aims to discuss the correlations among Leisure Involvement, Leisure Benefits, Quality of Life, and Job Satisfaction of participants in 2011 Creating Sports Island activities in Chiayi, Taiwan.Research MethodResearch SubjectParticipants in Creating Sports Island activities in Chiayi City, Taiwan, were selected as the research subjects, who were sampled according to the activity items. Total 650 formal questionnaires were distributed in Creating Sports Island activities during July- September, 2011. Within the 595 collected copies, 24 invalid ones were deleted that total 571 valid copies were retrieved, with the retrieval rate 87.8%.Questionnaire CompilationFor this study, Leisure Involvement Scale was referred to McIntyre and Pigram (1992), Leisure Benefits Scale was referred to Bammel and Burrus-Bammel (1982), Quality of Life Scale was referred to Kuo (2009), and Job Satisfaction Scale was referred to Kuo, Huang & Sun (2011).Item AnalysisWith Criterion of Internal Consistency and Correlation Analysis, the items in the scales were selected through SPSS for Windows 16.0. From Criterion of Internal Consistency analyses of Leisure Involvement, Leisure Benefits, Quality of Life, and Job Satisfaction Scales, CR of each item achieved the significance and the correlation larger than .30 that each item was remained.Validity AnalysisFactor Analysis was further preceded after Item Analysis. The factor loading of each item achieved more than 0.30 and the eigenvalue of each factor was larger than 1, corresponding to the requirement of Factor Analysis. The variance explained appeared Leisure Involvement 61.46%, Leisure Benefits 65.47%, Quality of Life 60.85, and Job Satisfaction 67.34%, showing the favorable validity of the scales.Reliability AnalysisThe reliabilities of the sub-scales and the overall scale were further required after Factor Analysis. …


The amending process on the floor of the House of Representatives gives Members an opportunity to change the provisions of the bills and resolutions on which they are going to vote. This report summarizes many of the procedures and practices affecting this process, which can be among the most complex as well as the most important stages of legislative consideration.


lower to middle troposphere of a tropical oceanic environment; (ii) a sub-area semi-protected from lowto middle troposphere lateral flow is present within this region, and (iii) the sub-area is convectively active for a sustained period of time. We describe a system scale intensification process consistent with recent modeling studies (Hendricks et al. 2004; Montgomery et al. 2006; Tory et al. 2006a, b, 2007; Nolan 2007). Because TCs are defined by their wind characteristics we choose to describe the formation process in terms of the wind dependent


A two-dimensional k-e turbulent model was used to simulate the flows in the cooling pool and the inlet channel of a large power plant of 1000 MW,and it was verified with scale model test data.By analysis of simulation data,an optimal design scheme of compact short-inlet conduit was obtained through improvement on the shapes of flow-guiding wall and V-shape piers.Simulation results indicated that the optimal scheme can adjust stream pattern near the conduit inlet and ensure the flow's uniformity and stability.To reduce the non-uniform inflow under abnormal low-head operation,the optimal scheme adopts lateral oblique holes allowing supplementary inflow driven by the difference of dynamic and hydrostatic pressures,which is an effective measure in adjusting and improving the inflow condition of inner conduit.


With the in-depth development of information education, flipped classroom has become one of the teaching models that attract the most attention of domestic and foreign educators in recent years as a new teaching model. It provides a new way for us to improve higher education. Flipped classroom exchanges traditional in-class teaching activities with after-class teaching activities. After class, students learn by themselves to learn knowledge by high-quality teaching resources provided by teachers. In class, students and teachers carry out interactive activities so that students can understand the knowledge. Practices prove that flipped classroom is helpful for arousing learning interest of students, cultivating their abilities and enhancing job satisfaction of teachers.


Abstract This paper is the culmination of having worked with training and in‐service primary teachers, the observation of primary teachers in practice, and a review of relevant literature in primary education and child development. When considering moral education a consistent finding has been that the child must be trained to be good and moral. This finding is in contradiction to the developmental psychological basis to many moral education programmes, which relies on the child's sociability and development of relationships with others to foster moral development. Therefore a small‐scale survey of teachers and training teachers was undertaken to verify teachers' understanding and implementation of moral education. Content and comparative analyses of the survey responses showed the aforementioned training orientation. But a strong concern for others was also found. When attempting to implement classroom moral education teachers took an overwhelmingly intellectual approach to the task when a practical appr...


This paper deals with improvement of power quality in three phase four wire system and to make source current as sinusoidal using four leg Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) was used. The control of SAPF is based on reference current generation and current control methods. The comparative study on reference current computed by using instantaneous active and reactive power theory (p-q theory) and instantaneous current component theory (Modified d-q theory) with PI controller. The hysteresis controller is used to generate gate pluses and applied to four leg SAPF. The simulation of the work carried using MATLAB Simulink. Keywords— Hysteresis Controller, Modified d-q Theory, p-q Theory, PI Controller, SAPF


Many current fishery stock assessment methods strongly rely on the amount of fish harvest reported at the dock by fishermen. We seek a method for fish stock assessment that is based on transcriptome measures. In this study we were interested in the correlation between transcriptome level diversity and changes in the phenotype expression ability of commercially targeted fish. By analyzing the complexity of miRNA/RNAi 7mer binding sites in the 3'UTR regions, inferences are made as to the accessible repertoire of phenotypes for the organism. If fewer phenotypes are available, for use in response to environmental change, or for use in extending habitable niche, such as by 'schooling', then significant loss of fishery stock may result. Preliminary results indicate Gadus Morhua (Atlantic Cod) has undergone such a loss in transcript regulatory complexity, which appears to be associated with the collapse of the Cod fishery in the Gulf of Maine.


Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Membrane Disruption Effects of antimicrobial Peptide Protegrin1 HAO WANG, JAMES KINDT, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA — Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to better understand membrane disruption induced by antimicrobial peptide Protegrin-1 (PG-1). Two distinct setups were adopted for atomistic simulations for DMPC/PG-1 systems. One started from bilayered ribbons either with or without the PG-1 peptides embedded and another one started from random lipid mixtures in the presence of the PG-1 peptides. Line tensions deduced from the ribbon simulations were generally lower with the PG-1 peptides embedded in ribbon edge, which supports edge-active role of the peptides. The random mixtures self-assembled into various structures. Extended simulations are being carried out to investigate the relation between concentration of the PG-1 peptides and the resultant structures. Furthermore, coarse-grained models have been used to simulate larger DMPC bilayers with the PG-1 peptides embedded. The PG-1 peptides were found to self-assemble into clusters. However, pore formation was not observed within our simulation period up to 3 microseconds. (DMPC: 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine) Hao Wang Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA Date submitted: 30 Nov 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


In this paper, we restrict on the distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink that incorporates the effect of reciprocity error and pilot contamination. The closed-form expressions of achievable rate with maximum ratio transmission (MRT) beamforming and definitive rate are derived with both matrix normalization (MN) and vector normalization (VN). We show that distributed antenna layout with VN outperforms other counterparts in large transmit antenna regime. As for the reciprocity error, the deviations at base station side result in much severer performance penalty than those at user side. However, there impacts on the definitive rate are both slight. On the other hand, the impact of pilot contamination decreases with increasing level of reciprocity error.


The paper introduces the related characteristics of wind turbine generators, Such as the wind turbine generator may cause serious over-voltage problems of electromagnetic compatibility for using converter technique and be struck by lightning easily and also result in high maintenance costs. So we analyze several hotspots of the over-voltage protection of wind turbine generators, such as the standard on the over-voltage protection of wind turbine generators, related products, digestion and absorption of the technology introduced from abroad of wind power over-voltage system, etc; then put forward some suggestions in improving the reliability and security of the over-voltage protection of wind turbine generators.


The thermal treatment of spray-dried powders of aqueous molybdic acid solutions results in the formation of a novel metastable phase of molybdenum trioxide, β-MoO3(mon.), the structural chemistry of which is found to be analogous to that of WO3.


We describe a technique of endoloop closure of a paraumbilical abdominal wall hernia defect when using 5 mm laparoscopic ports.


Modified source code validation is done by regression testing. In regression testing, the time and resources are limited, in which we have to select the minimal test cases from test suites to reduce execution time. The test case minimization process deals with the optimization of the regression testing by removing redundant test cases or prioritizing the test cases. This study proposed a test case prioritization approach based on multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) by considering minimum execution time, maximum fault detection ability, and maximum code coverage. The MOPSO algorithm is used for the prioritization of test cases with parameters including execution time, fault detection ability, and code coverage. Three datasets are selected to evaluate the proposed MOPSO technique including TreeDataStructure, JodaTime, and Triangle. The proposed MOPSO is compared with the no ordering, reverse ordering, and random ordering technique for evaluating the effectiveness. The higher values of results represent the more effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed MOPSO as compared to other approaches for TreeDataStructure, JodaTime, and Triangle datasets. The result is presented to 100-index mode relevant from low to high values; after that, test cases are prioritized. The experiment is conducted on three open-source java applications and evaluated using metrics inclusiveness, precision, and size reduction of a matrix of the test suite. The results revealed that all scenarios performed well in acceptable mode, and the technique is 17% to 86% more effective in terms of inclusiveness, 33% to 85% more effective in terms of precision, and 17% minimum to 86% maximum in size reduction of metrics.


Abstract : In this letter we assess the accuracy of the LSDA in describing the magnetic and structural ordering in 3d transition metals, based on total energy calculations for fcc and bcc iron as a function of volume and type of magnetic order. The local spin density approximation (LSDA) in describing the magnetic and structural ordering in iron is tested based on a series of total energy calculations using the general potential LAPW (linearized augmented plane wave) method. We find that ferromagnetism is stable in the bcc phase, while antiferromagnetism, which is degenerate with the nonmagnetic state, is stable in the fcc phase. However, our results show that the fcc phase is 867 K lower in energy than the bcc phase, which indicates a fundamental deficiency of LSDA in describing the magnetic interactions in transition metals.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the image quality of high-resolution CT (HRCT) reconstructed from volumetric data with 16-channel multidetector-row CT (MDCT).

SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Eleven autopsy lungs that were diagnosed histopathologically were scanned by 16-channel MDCT with the step-and-shoot scan mode and three helical scan modes. Each helical mode had each size of focal spot, pitch, and time of gantry rotation. HRCT images were reconstructed from the volumetric data with each helical mode and axial sequence data. Two observers evaluated the image quality and noted the most appropriate diagnosis for each imaging.

RESULTS
Visualization of abnormal structures with one helical mode was equal to those with axial mode, whereas those with the other two helical modes were inferior to those with axial mode (Wilcoxon signed rank test; p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in diagnostic efficacy between modes.

CONCLUSION
The image quality of HRCT with appropriate helical mode is equal to that with axial mode and diagnostic efficacy is equal among all modes. These results may indicate that sufficient HRCT images can be obtained by only one helical scan without the addition of conventional axial scans.


The properties of 60-μm thick Ultra-Fast Silicon Detectors (UFSD) detectors manufactured by Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento (Italy) were tested before and after irradiation with minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) from a 90Sr β-source. This FBK production, called UFSD2, has UFSDs with gain layer made of Boron, Boron low-diffusion, Gallium, carbonated Boron and carbonated Gallium. The irradiation with neutrons took place at the TRIGA reactor in Ljubljana, while the proton irradiation took place at CERN SPS. The sensors were exposed to a neutron fluence of 4⋅1014, 8⋅1014, 1.5⋅1015, 3⋅1015, 6⋅ 1015 neq/cm2 and to a proton fluence of 9.6⋅ 1014 p/cm2, equivalent to a fluence of 6⋅ 1014 neq/cm2. The internal gain and the timing resolution were measured as a function of bias voltage at -20oC. The timing resolution was extracted from the time difference with a second calibrated UFSD in coincidence, using the constant fraction method for both.


In the present research work, carbon nanosphere (5 wt. %, 10 wt. % and 15 wt. %)/Zr- based metal organic frame works (CNS: Zr (II)-MOFs) with different molar ratios of the legend 4-{[(1E)-1-Hydroxy-3-Oxoprop-1-En-2-yl] Sulfanyl} Benzoic Acid (HOSBA) have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. Studies using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) have validated certain structural, optical, and morphological features. The supercapacitance performance of the synthesized MOFs was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). At a current density of 0.5 A g-1 and at a scan rate of 10 mV/s, the 15% CNS doped Zr-MOF demonstrated highest specific capacitance (Cs) of 239.4 F g-1. 15 wt.% CNS doped Zr-MOF proven power density of 2100 W kg-1 and maximum energy density of 14.82 Wh Kg-1 with capacitive retention of 77.63 % following 2000 cycles mark this combination a good for supercapacitors (SCs) material. Regardless of the synthetic conditions, we achieved MOFs which exhibited hetero structure formation with spherical morphologies. The results open us new and energy approach for the supercapacitor of the Zr-metal based MOFs and applications in the photonics, optoelectronics, and promising electrode material for electrochemical energy storage systems.


The goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality requires major systemic changes in the energy supply sector. As one of the major non-carbon-based energy sources, geothermal energy is characterized by large reserves, stability, and reliability. This paper summarizes the current situation of geothermal resource endowment and industrial development in China. Based on this, a system dynamics model of geothermal industrialization is established, and the potential of geothermal industrialization and carbon emission reduction in China is predicted. The prediction results show that the growth rate of geothermal heating and cooling areas in the next 40 years will follow a trend of acceleration followed by deceleration. China's geothermal energy heating and cooling area will reach 11.32–14.68 billion m2 by 2060, an increase of about 9–12 times compared to 2020. The proportion of geothermal heating and cooling area to the total building area in China will reach 13.77–17.85%. The installed capacity of geothermal power generation will reach 14,452.80–20,963.20 MW by 2060 under the scenario with electricity subsidies. The proportion of geothermal energy in China's primary energy consumption structure will reach 3.67–5.64%. The annual carbon emission reduction potential of the geothermal industry will reach 436–632 million tons, equivalent to 4.41–6.39% of China's carbon emissions in 2020. The results of this study can provide a reference for the healthy and high-quality development of China's geothermal industry and help to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.


Gel self-assembly: Addition of small amounts of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to a solution of oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) OPV1 in toluene triggers their self-assembly to form a composite gel (see picture) with higher stability and better rheological properties than the OPV1 gel. Strong physical interactions between the species allow the encapsulation of CNTs into self-assembled tapes of OPV1, reinforcing the 3D gel network.


Objective To screen the gene encoding DNA binding-related protein from newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis,find the protein related to binding to host muscle cells of Trichinella spiralis during invasion and parasitism and lay a foundation of study on the mechanisms of signal transduction,invasion and long-term parasitism of Trichinella spiralis.Methods The T7 phage display cDNA library of newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis was constructed by phage display technique,from which the DNA binding-related protein genes were screened with murine muscle chromosomal DNA.Thirty positive clones were selected randomly for PCR identification,sequencing as well as prediction of secondary structure and post-translational modification of proteins encoded.Results The primary capacity of constructed T7 phage display cDNA library of newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis was 2 × 105 pfu,and the recombination rate was 98%.The lengths of 95% of inserts were 250 ~ 2 000 bp.The titer of the constructed library reached 3 × 1012 pfu /ml after amplification.Thirteen gene fragments were obtained by PCR identification and sequencing of clones after 4 cycles of biopanning,of which 4(DN14,DN24,DN9 and DN23) encoded DNA binding-related proteins of newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis,homologous to unknown protein /hypothetical ORF 11.30 of Trichinella spiralis,putative nudix hydrolyase of Trichineall psudospiralis /SJCHGC05997 protein of Schistosoma japonicum,hypothetical protein CBG23797 of Caenorhabditis briggsae and TGF-beta-like ligand precursor of T.spiralis respectively.The prediction of secondary structure and post-translational modification of proteins encoded indicated that the 4 kinds of proteins might be related to cyst formation and signal transduction of Trichinella spiralis.Conclusion The T7 phage display cDNA library of newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis was successfully constructed,and 4 candidate genes used for study on mechanisms of cyst formation and signal transduction of Trichinella spiralis were screened with murine muscle chromosomal DNA.


Abstract : Twenty-nine protective coating systems were applied to sand-blasted steel test panels and placed on exposure in the marine atmospheres of Kwalalein, Marshall Islands; Kaneohe, Hawaii; and Port Hueneme, California. A mica-filled asphalt emulsion applied over a wash primer and a zinc chromate primer gave excellent protection to both scribed and unscribed panels for 5 years. Four additional coating systems gave, for the same period of time, protection which was superior to that given by the selected standard test coating, Saran.


Introduction: Drowning is defined by a situation of primary respiratory insufficiency produced by immersion or submersion in a liquid. Brazil is the third country in the world with the highest number of drowning deaths and the study of these deaths is important to delimit its epidemiological profile. Objectives: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of fatal drowning cases necropsied at IML-BH. Methods: A cross-sectional study of autopsy reports performed at IML-BH between 2006 and 2012. Results: A total of 533 reports were analyzed whose death circumstance involved drowning. In 76.9% the cause of death was exclusively drowning, in 2.3% the cause was drowning associated with some traumatism and in 20.8% the cause of death remained undetermined after the autopsy. There was a predominance of men, browns and singles, and the mean age was 27.2 years. Almost one third of the cases were under the age of 18 years. Most of the deaths occurred in ponds or dams, and most of the victims did not receive medical care prior to death. The main external signs in necropsies were the presence of earthy residues in the bodies, foam in the airways, subepicardial and subpleural petechiae, and blood with increased fluidity and darkened color. In cases where the blood alcohol concentration was investigated, it was positive in 38.5%, with a mean of 21dg/dL. Conclusions: IML-BH data add important epidemiological information for the study of fatal drowning victims, and may guide possible measures to prevent these fatalities.


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