An estimated 5.4 million people in the United States diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or related disorders (ADRD) receive about $210 billion worth of unpaid care annually fro m about 15 million loved ones. As these numbers grow, the urgency builds to discover causes, treatments, and cures. Ever searching for pro mising, effective, and less expensive treatments, family caregivers are eager to adopt treatments, promoted strongly in the media. Coconut oil, especially virgin coconut oil, has starred in recent years in several internet and newspaper anecdotes as providing significant cognitive improvements in people with ADRD. A co mprehensive literature review found only two studies examining the impact of coconut oil in hu mans though neither study dealt with ADRD. Research on dementia leading to diminishing cerebral glucose metabolism has reported on the benefit of ketone food. More controlled research is needed about the value of ketone foods, such as the varieties of coconut oil and MCT Oil. Though well researched the FDA-regulated (2009) ketone-medical-food Axona® wh ich contains some coconut oil ingredients has shown evidence of cognitive improvements in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease but more research is needed to clarify individual sensitivities, side effects, and health risks such as acidosis or hypocalcemia, possible with long-term use by people with ADRD.


A new ionic liquid functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticle was synthesized and characterized and tested as an adsorbent. The adsorbent was used for magnetic solid phase extraction on ICP-MS method. Simultaneous determination of precious metal Au has been addressed. The method is simple and fast and has been applied to standard water and surface water analysis. A new method for separation/analysis of trace precious metal Au by Magnetron Solid Phase Extraction (MSPE) combined with ICP-MS. The element to be tested is rapidly adsorbed on CoFe2O4@SiO2@[BMIM]PF6 composite nano-adsorbent and eluted with thiourea. The method has a preconcentration factor of 9.5-fold. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of gold in actual water samples. Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6) coated CoFe2O4@SiO2 nanoparticles with core-shell structure to prepare magnetic solid phase extraction agent (CoFe2O4@SiO2@ILs) and establish a new method of MSPE coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for separation/analysis of trace gold. The results showed that trace gold was adsorbed rapidly by CoFe2O4@SiO2@[BMIM]PF6 and eluanted by thiourea. Under the optimal conditions, preconcentration factor of the proposed method was 9.5-fold. The linear range, detection limit, correlation coefficient (R) and relative standard deviation (RSD) were found to be 0.01~1000.00 ng mL-1, 0.001 ng mL-1, 0.9990 and 3.4% (n=11, c=4.5 ng mL-1). The CoFe2O4@SiO2 nanoparticles could be used repeatedly for 8 times. This proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace gold in water samples.


The semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy billets were prepared by the composite technology of low temperature casting and adding grain refiner and thixoforged in 200T oil press.The microstructures and mechanical properties of thixoforged products were investigated and compared with that of liquid forged products.Results show that the thixoforged products with spherical α-Al grains and α+Si eutectic can be obtained and its tensile strength and elongation with T6 treatment are 317.6 MPa and 5.8% repectively,which are increased by 13.6% and 5.1% compared with that of liquid forged products.It is suggested that the thixoforged products have a good aging strengthening and comprehensive mechanical properties.


ABSTRACT As for the purpose of this study is to find and obtains evidence empirical and conclusions about influence style leadership and competence of the productivity employees infrastructure and facilities common (PPSU) in urban lebak bulus of south jakarta.            Research methodology used is associative with the quantitative approach. A method of the withdrawal of in the sample have used of these tests are the sampling method of saturated pt pgn promised to supply dating techniques in the entire household sample if all members of a percent of the population used as included in the research sample. Data collection method that we use is to a method of kuosioner and observation to the employees PPSU to officials in urban village lebak bulus of south jakarta . The method of analysis processing the data used was test validity, reabilitas test, test the assumption classical, regression analysis multiple, analysis koefisiensi determination ( r2 ), the hypothesis ( test f and t).            Based on the results of the analysis that has been done obtained that is the or relation a positive and welfare between style leadership and competence to productivity employees together or simultaneous is as much as r = 0,377, this showed that productivity employees at PPSU urban village lebak bulus south jakarta effected by force leadership and competence to a category strong contributing 37.7%, while or 62.3% influenced by other factors out variables tested in pengelitian this.The results of the regression equation is linear multiple namely y = 27,117 + 0,008X1 + 0,817X2 means if the force of leadership (X1) up 1 a unit of then will increase 0,008 and competence (X2) up 1 a unit of then will increase 0,817.Influence between leadership and competence to productivity employees is significant.This can be seen of the value of f count 25,972 > f table 3,10  Key Words : Leadership, Competence , Productivity


Eight presumably related dark red-berried (dR), light red-berried (lR) and white-berried (W) grapevine cultivars grown under similar environmental conditions were characterised on the basis of morphologic (phenotype) and molecular (genotype) parameters. The ampelographic characterisation was based on the main descriptors that correspond to the 'Primary descriptor priority list' suggested by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV). At the molecular level, the total genomic DNA of the cultivars was isolated from frozen grapevine leaves. Six microsatellite loci were used for characterisation of the grape cultivars: 'VVS2', 'VVMD5', 'VVMD7', 'VVMD27', 'VrZAG62', and 'VrZAG79'. This molecular characterisation allowed the confirmation, in seven of the eight studied cultivars, including dark red, light red and white-berried variants, of colour mutants with origin in three different varieties. 'Pinot Blanc' (W), 'Pinot Gris' (lR) and 'Pinot Noir' (dR) formed a group of colour mutants, and 'Malvasia Fina' (W) and 'Malvasis Fina Roxa' (lR) formed another group. 'Moscatel Galego Branco' (W) and 'Moscatel Galego Roxo' (lR) were confirmed as colour mutants, but their allelic profile was not related to that of 'Moscatel Galego Tinto' (dR).


During 1987-1989 the authors examined 57 patients; reflux disease was detected in 33 (i.e. 57.89%). In the group of patients where the indication for examination was based on symptomatology typical for respiratory diseases, they found a higher rate of positive findings--62%. The authors draw attention to some methodological problems of 24-hour pH-metry. They explain the advantages of the mentioned examination method in relation to the subsequent therapy.


Using the Very Long Baseline Array we performed a high-resolution OH maser survey in Galactic star-forming regions (SFRs). We observed all the ground state spectral lines: the main lines at 1665 and 1667 MHz and the satellite lines at 1612 and 1720 MHz. Due to the exceptionality of finding satellite lines in SFRs, we will focus our discussion on those lines. In our sample of 41 OH maser sources, five (12%) showed the 1612 MHz line and ten (24%) showed the 1720 MHz line, with only one source showing both lines. We find that 1720 MHz emission is correlated with the presence of H ii regions, suggesting that this emission could be used to diagnose or trace high-mass star formation. We include an analysis of the possible mechanisms that could be causing this correlation as well as assessing the possible relationships between lines in our sample. In particular, the presence of magnetic fields seems to play an important role as we found Zeeman splitting in four of our sources (W75 N, W3(OH), W51 and NGC 7538). Our results have implications for current understanding of the formation of high-mass stars as well as on the masing processes present in SFRs.


MapReduce is a very popular programming model used to handle large datasets in enterprise data centers and clouds. Although various implementations of MapReduce exist, Hadoop MapReduce is the most widely used in large data centers like Facebook, Yahoo! and Amazon due to its portability and fault tolerance. Network performance plays a key role in determining the performance of data intensive applications using Hadoop MapReduce as data required by the map and reduce processes can be distributed across the cluster. In this context, data center designers have been looking at high performance interconnects such as InfiniBand to enhance the performance of their Hadoop MapReduce based applications. However, achieving better performance through usage of high performance interconnects like InfiniBand is a significant task. It requires a careful redesign of communication framework inside MapReduce. Several assumptions made for current socket based communication in the current framework do not hold true for high performance interconnects. In this paper, we propose the design of an RDMA-based Hadoop MapReduce over InfiniBand and several design elements: data shuffle over InfiniBand, in-memory merge mechanism for the Reducer, and pre-fetch data for the Mapper. We perform our experiments on native InfiniBand using Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) and compare our results with that of Hadoop-A [1] and default Hadoop over different interconnects and protocols. For all these experiments, we perform network level parameter tuning and use optimum values for each Hadoop design. Our performance results show that, for a 100GB TeraSort running on an eight node cluster, we achieve a performance improvement of 32% over IP-over InfiniBand (IPoIB) and 21% over Hadoop-A. With multiple disks per node, this benefit rises up to 39% over IPoIB and 31% over Hadoop-A.


Purpose: To investigate the bioequivalence of the final tablet formulation of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) and the tablet formulation used in pivotal clinical stu dies. Methods: Single centre (Algorithme Pharma, Quebec, Canada) study consisting of three single-dose, rand om- ized, two-way crossover sub-studies in healthy subj ects. In each sub-study (n=20), the bioavailability of BI A 2- 005 (ESL active metabolite) following a given ESL t ablet strength (400 mg, 600 mg or 800 mg) of the final fo rmula- tion (Test) was compared with the corresponding tab let strength of the research formulation (Reference), u nder fasting conditions. The statistical method for test ing bioequivalence was based upon the 90% confidence in ter- val (90%CI) for the Test/Reference geometric mean r atio (GMR) for C max , AUC 0-t and AUC 0- ∞ . Bioequivalence was to be assumed when the 90%CI fell within the recom- mended acceptance interval 80.00%; 125.00%. Results: The Test/Reference GMR and 90%CI for BIA 2-005 were as follows: 400 mg tablets – 105.37% (99 .57%; 111.52%), 102.83 (99.19%; 106.61%) and 102.83% (99.13%; 106.66%) for C max , AUC 0-t and AUC 0- ∞ , respec- tively; 600 mg tablets – 102.65% (97.27%; 108.33%), 102.40% (99.00%; 105.93%) and 102.38% (98.97%; 105.90%) for C max , AUC 0-t and AUC 0- ∞ , respectively; 800 mg tablets – 104.16% (95.44%; 113.67%), 100.34% (97.85%; 102.90%) and 99.88% (97.65%; 102.16%) for C max , AUC 0-t and AUC 0- ∞ , respectively. Conclusion: The 90%CI of all pharmacokinetic param- eters of interest (C max , AUC 0-t , and AUC 0- ∞ ) fell within the acceptance range of 80.00%; 125.00%. Therefore, bioequivalence of the final tablet formulation and the tab- let formulation used in the pivotal clinical trials of ESL has been demonstrated.


The primary or secondary amine compound and 2-alkenyl compounds as a starting material, to provide a method for producing the corresponding 2-alkenyl amine compounds efficiently at low cost. The primary or secondary amine compound, with a specific 2-alkenyl agent, a complexing agent, the monovalent by anionic 5-membered ring conjugated diene in the presence of a catalyst comprising a stabilized transition metal precursor the preparation of 2-alkenyl amine compound by 2-alkenylation.


Maintaining participation and social function is important to individuals with musculoskeletal conditions (1). Although there is no single clearly specified or widely agreed concept of participation, it is generally understood to be the domain of functioning beyond impairments and the performance of basic tasks (e.g., sit to stand) and refers to the context in which people live (2). The publication of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning in 2001 has done much to raise awareness of the need to measure social function and participation, and their definition can be used as a starting point; participation, the concept proposed to capture social function, refers to the experience in life situations where an individual interacts with their environment (e.g., physical environment and other people) (3). Participation has evolved from a number of concepts, including handicap, instrumental activities of daily living, and social role participation, and is a broad term that covers an individual's experience in an infinite number of life activities and social roles, for example, work, looking after others, leisure activities, volunteering, and being involved in the community. Participation and social function have not been measured routinely in musculoskeletal populations in clinical practice or research studies (4). Measurement of the consequences and management of musculoskeletal conditions have tended to focus on impairments (e.g., pain) and physical limitations (e.g., walking limitation). However, in recognition of the need to measure the full impact and wider influence of these conditions, there have been moves towards measuring the personal and social impact, captured by participation and social functioning (5–8). There is a growing interest in participation because the social consequences of musculoskeletal conditions (such as difficulty going shopping or visiting relatives) may be of more concern to patients than impairments (such as pain) or specific activity limitations (such as walking more than half a mile) (9). Participation is an important outcome measure for intervention studies and as a measure of success of health care and prevention programs, even if it is not the main target. For example, joint replacement or interventions to reduce pain may also enhance abilities to work or socialize with friends. Importantly, as many musculoskeletal conditions are long lasting, it is possible that even in the presence of ongoing signs (radiographic change), symptoms (pain), and activity limitation (walking limitation), participation can be maintained (5). The purpose of this review was to assist the selection of an instrument to measure participation and social function in clinical practice or research studies in adult populations with musculoskeletal conditions. Following a comprehensive search of the published literature (the method is available from the authors), 6 instruments were identified that 1) had been developed to exclusively measure participation or social function in clinical practice or research, 2) were freely accessible and did not require purchase, and 3) have published evidence of sufficient psychometric testing to assess their applicability in (musculoskeletal) clinical practice or research. These instruments were the Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA) (10), Keele Assessment of Participation (KAP) (11), Participation Measure for Post-Acute Care (PM-PAC) (12), Participation Objective, Participation Subjective (POPS) (13), Rating of Perceived Participation (ROPP) (14), and The Participation Scale (15). All 6 have been developed as Ross Wilkie, BSc, PhD, Joanne L. Jordan, BSc, MSc, MA, Sara Muller, BSc, MSc, PhD, Elaine Nicholls, BSc, MSc, Emma L. Healey, BSc, PhD, Danielle A. van der Windt, MSc, PhD: Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK. Address correspondence to Ross Wilkie, BSc, PhD, Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK, ST5 5BG. E-mail: email@example.com. Submitted for publication February 9, 2011; accepted in revised form May 9, 2011. Arthritis Care & Research Vol. 63, No. S11, November 2011, pp S325–S336 DOI 10.1002/acr.20641 © 2011, American College of Rheumatology


The purpose of this research is to find out teachers' understanding and recognition about the water and the water environment education and to suggest the strategies of water education at school based on survey results. Results of the study are as follows: First, teachers had high level of water related knowledge and awareness about importance of the water environment education. However, they showed low level of environment educational efforts and environment protection behaviour in daily life. Second, they had a little chance to have the educational training for the water environment education. Third, the water environment education at schools has been made in very restricted areas such as water related scientific knowledge and water pollution. Fourth, teachers pointed out the biggest obstacle for the water environment education would be the lack of teaching materials and the second biggest one was the lack of educational facilities at schools. Based on the survey results, it was found out that in order to improve the water environment education at schools, substantial research by the teachers shall be implemented for all teachers of every subject to build up their capacity in adapting the water education to their subjects.


This paper introduces the progress of synthetic aperture radar (CP-SAR) development for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV, JX series), Aircraft (Boeing 737-200) and microsatellites (GAIA series). This sensor will be employed to monitor global land deformation in the future.


Au/Cu thin films (33–320 nm thickness) were deposited by thermal evaporation on p-type silicon (100) substrates. Two groups of these bimaterial films were alloyed into a vacuum oven by diffusion. The first group was prepared with 24% Au atomic concentration (i.e. 33, 96, 158, 224, and 320 nm as AuCu total thickness). The second group was prepared changing the Au atomic concentration from 10% to 90%, with 10% Au steps and similar total thickness (100 nm). Prepared alloys were characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and collinear four-probe techniques in order to obtain their morphology, stoichiometry, crystalline structure, and electrical resistivity, respectively. Particularly, electrical resistivity presented abrupt changes with the atomic concentration and the annealing temperature with important differences as compared with pure Au and Cu thin films.


Objective
To investigate whether the expression of sterile alpha motif and histidine/aspartic acid domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) could be induced by IFN-α and mediated by microRNA-181a (miR-181a).

Methods
THP-1 and Jurkat cells were treated with different doses of IFN-α (200 IU/ml and 1 000 IU/ml) for 24 h. The expression of miR-181a and SAMHD1 at mRNA level were detected by quantitative PCR. Western blot assay was performed to measure the expression of SAMHD1 at protein level. THP-1 and Jurkat cells were transfected with p-181a, an over-expression vector of miR-181a, and then treated with 200 IU/ml of IFN-α. Changes in the expression of SAMHD1 in those cells were analyzed.

Results
IFN-α significantly enhanced the expression of SAMHD1 at mRNA and protein levels, but inhibited the expression of miR-181a, especially in Jurkat cells. The expression of SAMHD induced by IFN-α was inhibited in cells over-expressing miR-181a.

Conclusion
This study suggests that IFN-α could induce the expression of SAMHD1 by down-regulating the level of miR-181a.

Key words:
SAMHD1; IFN-α; miR-181a; HIV infection; Inflammatory response


Summary form only given. Intense pulsed electric fields can permeabilize mammalian cells and induce various bioelectric effects. The charging and permeabilization of cells result in modifications in the dielectric properties of corresponding cellular structures. Hence time-resolved dielectric measurement following pulsed electric field exposure may allow us to assess conformational and possibly functional changes of cells, and in turn, evaluate and compare the efficacy of chosen pulse parameters.


Submitted for the MAR14 Meeting of The American Physical Society Real Space Visualization of Mott Gap and Magnon Excitations YAO WANG, CHUNJING JIA, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, BRIAN MORITZ, THOMAS DEVEREAUX, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences — Real-space and time information plays a significant role in understanding inhomogeneous physical and chemical processes at the nano-scale. Experimentally, inelastic light scattering promises to become an important tool for characterizing the spatio-temporal properties of complex systems. To demonstrate the power of this technique, we perform a theoretical study of real-space charge and spin density response functions in the Hubbard model to track time-dependent Mott gap and magnon excitations. Carrier doping is found to affect the evolution of the charge and spin response with distinct timescales and real-space patterns appearing for nor p-type materials. Yao Wang Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University Date submitted: 13 Nov 2013 Electronic form version 1.4


We have developed a guinea pig model of trimellitic anhydride‐induced airway hypersensitivity responses. In one group of guinea pigs, injected intradermally with 0.1 ml 30% trimellitic anhydride (TMA), we examined the specificity of the bronchopulmonary response to TMA comparing the effect of intravenous TMA conjugated to guinea pig serum albumin (GPSA) with a control hapten (procion dye) protein conjugate (PD‐GPSA). A significant increase in pulmonary inflation pressure (PIP) was provoked in sensitized animals following intravenous injection with TMA‐GPSA (20%; 0–400, median; range) as compared to intravenous injection of PD‐GPSA. In the second group we compared three different methods of sensitization: single injection of 0.1 ml of 0.3% TMA; four injections of 0.1 ml of 0.1% TMA; and a single high dose injection of 30% TMA. Following intravenous TMA‐GPSA guinea pigs sensitized with a single injection 0.3% TMA had an increase in PIP of 395%; 220–600, while those given four repeat injections of 0.1% TMA had an increase in PIP of 343%; 315–490. These results were significantly higher than the increase in PIP (160%; 0–220) which occurred in guinea pigs sensitized with a single dose of 30% TMA. Four of 11 guinea pigs given low dose injections of TMA had bronchopulmonary responses to inhaled TMA‐GPSA. All sensitized guinea pigs had specific IgG1 antibodies demonstrated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by ELISA inhibition. Four guinea pigs sensitized by low dose injections of TMA had IgE antibodies demonstrated by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.


Capital goods play a major role in international trade. World production of capital goods and R&D activity are highly concentrated in some developed countries. Most of the countries, especially developing countries import the most of their capital equipment from some leading capital goods exporter countries. Therefore technological advances can be transmitted across borders through trade in capital goods. In international trade countries face trade costs. Trade costs can be in the form of transportation costs, quota, tariffs etc. The focus of this study is on trade barriers on the capital goods implied by the pattern of bilateral trade. I recover trade costs from bilateral trade equation using the United Nations' International Comparison Program (ICP)'s price and bilateral trade data without imposing any restriction on the form of trade costs.


The potential advantages of the peritoneum as an insulin delivery site for an implanted mechanical pancreas are reviewed. During embryogenesis in humans, the development of the pancreas and liver are closely related such that, in the adult, all endogenous insulin secreted by the pancreas passes directly to the liver before entering the peripheral circulation. This anatomic relationship permits the direct modulation of absorbed nutrients from the gut by both the liver and pancreatic hormones. Preliminary studies in the dog indicate that at least a portion of insulin infused into the peritoneal space enters the hepatic portal vein before entering the peripheral circulation, thereby simulating normal pancreatic insulin secretion. Infusion of insulin directly into the peritoneum in humans has demonstrated that (1) insulin absorption is rapid (within minutes), (2) it results in appropriate meal-related peaks in peripheral insulin concentration, and (3) the insulin has biologic activity in suppressing meal-induced hyperglycemia. Furthermore, analysis of the absorbed insulin pattern indicates that approximately 50% of the delivered insulin is removed before entering the peripheral circulation, compatible with hepatic insulin removal. In addition, insulin delivered into the peritoneum in diabetic individuals may result in a reduction in meal-related glycemic excursions, compared with a similar quantity of NPH insulin delivered subcutaneously. Thus, the peritoneum may be a rational alternative to both the intravenous and subcutaneous delivery sites for an implanted insulin delivery system,


Drawing upon agency theory, we address the limitations of best practice code in the context of emerging governance, emphasizing the role of concentrated ownership. While the code provisions were formulated in developed countries, the transfer of one-size-fits-all guidelines may not address the characteristics and challenges of emerging and post-transition economies. Specifically, we emphasize that provisions of corporate governance codes are aimed at solving the principal–agent conflict between shareholders and managers. These guidelines may remain limited in addressing principal–principal conflicts between majority and minority shareholders and have either a lesser effect on valuation or none at all. Using a unique sample of 155 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange during the period 2006–2015, with hand-collected data from declarations of conformity, we tested the hypotheses on the link between corporate governance compliance (with board) practice and company value. The period of 2006–2015 was chosen deliberately, due to the relative stability of corporate governance code recommendations over this time. The results of our panel model reveal a negative and statistically significant relation between corporate governance compliance and company value. We contribute to the existing literature providing new evidence on compliance practice in the context of concentrated ownership, and the limited effect of code provisions in addressing structural challenges of corporate governance in emerging post-transition economies and hierarchy-based control systems.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of urine clusterin/apolipoprotein J (Apo J) with the development and/or progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes.


We define p-adic q-Bernoulli numbers by using a p-adic integral. These numbers have good properties similar to those of the classical Bernoulli numbers. In particular, they satisfy an analogue of the von Staudt–Clausen theorem, which includes information of denominators of p-adic q-Bernoulli numbers.


Abstract : A new, improved simplex optimization procedure has been developed which significantly increases the utility, reliability and efficiency of current state-of-the-art simplicial methods in the presence of random response fluctuations. Comparison of this improved procedure, the Super Modified Simplex (SMS), with several variations of the modified simplex approach using an interactively computer-controlled flame spectrophotometer reveals its inherent superiority in rapidly and efficiently conforming to multi-dimensional response surface topography. Data are presented which indicate fewer simplices and data points, as well as a reduction in experimental time results when the SMS procedure is employed. Moreover, failure to satisfactorily locate the optimum in the presence of noise due to premature diminution of the simplex, adherence to false ridges, or inability to accurately home in on the optimum is minimized. When the optimum region lies at or near a boundary constraint the SMS procedure allows the simplex to elongate along and more rapidly adhere to the constraint if such a parameter value is indicated.


A new and original concept aiming at rapid fabrication of continuous microfluidic chips with a channel-based reconfigurable and programmable geometry is reported in this paper. Interfaces between DI water and liquid paraffin-wax are precisely controlled using electromechanical forces onto an array of electrodes, similar to classical digital microfluidic platforms. As the liquid-liquid interfaces define the targeted geometry, the paraffin is solidified by decreasing the chip temperature using an integrated thermoelectric cooler. Then, the paraffin channel-based chip is used for in-flow continuous microfluidic experiments. First results describing the whole concept are shown with typical fluidic geometries.


This paper presents methods for modeling the failure of air-conditioning/cooling packs for a particular type of aircraft with field data. In many regards, field data are highly desirable for more accurate failure prediction by aircraft operators, because the data implicitly account for all actual usage and environmental stresses. It is not always possible to accurately anticipate or simulate these stresses in a laboratory or even in a field test. Field data, in a larger extent, are also important to the manufacturer, because the data identify product deficiencies and areas of improvement. In this study, the failure of the aircraft air-conditioning/cooling pack under a customer-use environment is first modeled at the component level by using the Weibull distribution and its extensions. These include the two-parameter Weibull model, three-parameter Weibull model, mixture model, and phased bi-Weibull model. The number of failures over time is estimated by a renewal process. The failure of the air-conditioning/cooling pack at the system level is then modeled by using the power law process model. The failure trend is tested by the Laplace test. The results give an insight into the reliability and quality of the air-conditioning/cooling pack under actual operating conditions. The models presented here can be used by aircraft operators for assessing system and component failures and customizing the maintenance programs recommended by the manufacturer.


The invention discloses a waterproof efficient intumescent fire retardant coating. The waterproof efficient intumescent fire retardant coating is prepared from, by mass, 40-75 parts of inrumescent flame retardant, 8-15 parts of film formers, 7-10 parts of pigment, 9-15 of fillers, 0-5 parts of adjuvant, and 10-30 parts of water. After being formed into film, the waterproof efficient intumescent fire retardant coating is better in water resistance, long in service life, solid in densification of formed carbon layer, good in heat insulation effect, and long in fireproofing time.


This paper focuses on the issue of"Photographing and Making Money" task given by the National College Students Mathematical Modeling Contest in Modeling in 2017.Through the method of multiple linear regression analysis,the pricing law function of the task is established to explore the law of task pricing and analyze the reasons why the task is not completed.Based on the existing pricing law function,a multivariate logistics logistic regression function is introduced to correct the original pricing scheme,and an improved new task pricing scheme is obtained.In connection with the actual situation,consider using SPSS for task clustering and subcontracting processing and formulating package preferential policies to modify the pricing model.compared with the original program results,the new program has a better implementation effect.


The aim of this study was to determine the production performance of layer hen strain Hy-Line Brown in different cage locations in closed house. The research material was 5,051 laying hens of the Hy-Line strain aged 28 weeks. House system was closed house, cage arranged to form frame A. Hy-Line Brown layer were housed at cage densities of 500 cm2 per hen. Research feed is complete feed code 324 KJ produced by PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia. The research method is comparative, comparing the production performance on the location of the cage in zone 1 (inlet), zone 2 (middle), and zone 3 (outlet) of a closed cage. The research sample is 10% of the total population. Observations were carried out on 6 cages which were randomly selected in each cage zone. The average density of cages is 20 birds/m2. Tabulated research data are Hen Day Production (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (kg), and feed conversion. Data analysis is analysis of variance analysis (One-Way ANOVA). Based on the results of the study, there were significant differences in the the production performance of layer hen strain Hy-Line Brown in different cage locations in closed house. The highest production performance is the cage located close to the inlet (Zone 1).


In this paper, the basic tools for performance analysis of space-time coding for active antenna systems (or colocated coherent MIMO systems) are presented, and illustrated with four different space-time codes: M-sequences, Alltop codes - quadratic and cubic -, and multiple shifted chirps. The relative effectiveness of these different codes is then measured with specific factors of merit, designed for radar performances evaluation. These factors of merit, easily extracted from the ambiguity functions, are shown to allow operational consequences to be drawn from space-time codes characteristics. (6 pages)


A plasma torch with a converging-diverging nozzle has been developed for low pressure plasma spraying. This study investigates the current-voltage characteristics of the plasma arc for argon and argon-hydrogen plasma gases and the effect of hydrogen volume percentage on the plasma jet. Emission spectroscopy is used to analyze the plasma spectra and electron temperatures in the center of the plasma jet are determined based on a Boltzmann distribution. The results show that an increase in input power considerably increases electron temperature and that gas composition has a significant effect on current-voltage characteristics. The impact of detection distance is also addressed.


The socioeconomic studies of the present plant site community and fuelwood harvest region include the following: population, housing, income and employment, education, community services, health and social services, crime, and economic base. The potential plant impacts on the following are discussed: employment, income, state revenues, population, housing, education, community services, health services, and the wood products industry. (MHR)


This thesis aimed to determine the influence of particle concentration on the magnitude of measured particle attrition within horizontal, homogeneous lean phase pneumatic conveying systems. Furthermore, to propose a characterisation method for predicting the magnitude of particle attrition in such pneumatic conveying systems. After conducting an extensive literature review, no conclusive research which quantitatively described the relationship between particle concentration and the magnitude of particle attrition inflicted within lean phase pneumatic conveying was found. Additionally, there was no generally accepted model to predict the magnitude of particle attrition caused by such systems. Two test facilities were designed, constructed, commissioned and employed for the experimental programme:

- A 'centrifugal accelerator style' particle impact tester; for characterisation of particle attrition behaviour under closely controlled impact velocities and angles.
- A pilot scale vacuum pressure pneumatic conveying system containing a single bend; to study the influence of geometric and conveying variables, on particle attrition.

From experiments with the above test facilities, no indication that particle concentration affected the magnitude of particle attrition could be discerned. However, experimentation using industrially-sized pneumatic conveyors, found increasing particle concentration reduced attrition. For the industrial systems it was proposed that reduced attrition was due to their geometrical features which influenced the relationship between the particle velocity distribution and particle concentration. The centrifugal impact tester was used to carry out factorial experiments to determine the individual influences of particle impact velocity, angle, and particle size. An interpolation method was proposed, to reduce the number of experiments required to characterise particle attrition behaviour. Through evaluating different techniques for calculating the mean particle impact angle at the bend in the pilot scale vacuum conveyor, the particle attrition behaviour was reconciled to that measured in the centrifugal impact tester. This enabled the prediction of particle attrition within such lean phase pneumatic conveying systems, based on a bench scale characterisation technique.


Abstract This paper explores the Australian community's reaction to the deportation of unvaccinated tennis star, Novak Djokovic, in the lead up to the 2022 Australian Open. The analysis interprets the community's hostile reaction to Djokovic by understanding community as both a structural and dynamic concept and, even more so, how fluid, evolving macro influences of community or group identification can intensify the demands of individuals to compromise for the common good based on ingrained expectations of the community. To do this, Norbert Elias' concepts of figurations and 'we-they' group identities are used to help highlight the link between structural and dynamic theories of community and identity. This study also outlines how 'what is fair' lies in pre-existing community rules and conventions being influenced by often momentary factors that impact and often change forms of group identity. These changes can be temporary or long-lasting and are driven by macro influences such as COVID-19 that can intensify existing community tensions. Throughout the analysis, it becomes clear that community's response to Djokovic was not only fair, but a logical manifestation of community.


Sr or Ba was deposited on W ribbon receivers by evaporation from source filaments in which a chemical reaction produced the metal at least 99.7% pure. The receiving surfaces could be cleaned at will by heating to high temperatures; repeated tests were thus possible. By thermionic measurements, adsorption and desorption were observed independently under nonequilibrium conditions. By using radioactive Sr isotopes, the deposit corresponding to any thermionic activation was measured. For each ribbon, thermionic activation was apparently a reversible function of the amount adsorbed.Our experimental methods give information on kinetics, rather than equilibria. The adsorption mechanism more nearly resembles that proposed in Langmuir's later papers rather than that of his earlier theories but treatment of desorption by the theory of absolute reaction rates is considerably more satisfactory. This accounts for desorption kinetics over the experimental temperature range by only two disposable constants, the activati...


The invention relates to a method for switching modes of operation of an internal combustion engine, in which method between a homogeneous charge compression ignition and combustion process of a conventional switched. The operating ranges of the modes of operation are defined at least on speed and load, and a changeover between the operating ranges is carried out in dependence on the current operating point and of quantifiable characteristics of the trajectory and the distance of the current operating point from the range limit of the operating range. Features of the trajectory of the movement of the operating point are the current direction of motion and / or the speed of approach of the operating point of the range limits.


In this work, phenylisocyanate was polymerized in bulk and in a solution of THF by the complex base (CB), NaNH2/(CH3)3CONa catalyst under vacuum. The percent yield for bulk polymerization at −20°C first increased with a slow rate reaching 32% conversion in 3 hours, then with a greater rate up to 86% in 6 hours. However, at 0°C the yields were relatively smaller and not very reproducible. The product obtained was a high molecular weight polymer, insoluble in most solvents, and partially crystalline. The polymerization in THF at −20° gave 58% conversion in 9 hours with a high rate first, then a slower rate. The polymer samples were characterized by fractionation, FT-IR, DSC, NMR, TGA, and X-ray powder diffraction. The polymer samples in the solution polymerization contained trimer and oligomeric components. No glass transition temperature was observed at the temperature interval studied.


In this paper, a wideband dual-polarized antenna for base station is proposed. The antenna consists of a reflector, a horizontal radiating patch, two Y-shaped feeding structures and two coaxial cables. To increase the resonance modes, a nonuniform coupling chamfer is introduced. The bandwidth is widened by improving the shape of the edge of the antenna and etching the U-shaped slot. The size of the antenna is 49.5mm×49.5mm. The antenna was manufactured and tested. The measured results show that the antenna operates from 1.7GHz to 3.7GHz with VSWR<2 (about 74.07%), covering 2G band (1710MHz-1920MHz) 3G band (1880MHz-2170MHz) LTE band (2300MHz-2400MHz & 2570MHz-2690MHz) and 5G band (3300MHz-3600MHz). A stable pattern and gain are achieved simultaneously in the entire operating band.


In this paper, accurate estimation method of rotating rotor position based on virtual resistance with cross-coupling component is proposed. Flying start based on virtual resistance has a good performance on suppressing inrush current. In speed and position estimation procedure, the assume that the load of systems is highly resistive by high value of virtual resistance. However, the maximum value in the stable region of the virtual resistance, which determines the initial value of the virtual resistance, can be set very low by a motor parameter. This assumption has error in low virtual resistance condition. This position error cause current oscillation in transition to sensorless control. To remove this oscillation, using the cross-coupling component, the error can be eliminated. Performance of proposed method was verified by PSIM simulation.


In this article the author discusses the problems associated with the preparation of disaggregated information. These problems include: identification of segments, measuring segment profitability, internal prices, and measuring segment assets.


To the Editor.— Whether the hospitals should be held legally responsible for the products it provides its patients, as cited in an unsigned EDITORIAL inThe Journal( 215 : 110, 1971), is for the courts to decide on the basis of existing laws, as in the case of Cunningham vs Mac-Neal Memorial Hospital (Ill Sup Ct, Sept 29, 1970). Such legislation should be very specific and should take into account the best interests of the patient, the hospital, the doctor, and the blood bank. It must not be overlooked that the one who suffers most among these four is the patient. In connection with transfusions, the State of California adopted, as part of its section 1623 of the Health and Safety Code, the following statement which provides: S 1623. Blood, etc.; processing, distribution; service, not sale . The procurement, processing, distribution, or use of whole blood, plasma, blood products, and blood derivatives


Numerical experiments performed with an exponential finite difference method in equally-spaced and piecewise-uniform meshes for both the inner and the outer layers and with an implicit Runge-Kutta-Radau IIA method for the outer layer of singularly-perturbed Volterra integro-differential equations are reported. The exponential finite difference technique is based on piecewise linear approximations and its linear stability has been analyzed. It is shown that the exponential method presented in this paper provides first-order accurate solutions for small values of the perturbation parameter, whereas the same technique in a piecewise-uniform mesh is almost second-order uniformly convergent because it does resolve the inner layer and, most importantly, because the finite difference equations are independent of the perturbation parameter in the inner layer. The implicit Runge-Kutta method for the outer layer yields errors that only depend on the step size if the number of stages is small or the step size is large, but depend on both the small perturbation parameter and the step size, otherwise.


The loss of faith in the modern world, her fatal disease and tremendous social changes result in O'Connor's religious fatalism. Such thinking on region and life is well demonstrated in her representative work A Good Man is Hard to Find. In this novel, the plot and image are the expression of her fatalism, and its essence is explained through region, social reality, original sin, man's imperfection and the twisted relationship between characters.


We consider a 1-dimensional discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger (dNLS) model featuring interactions beyond nearest neighbors. We are interested in the existence of phase-shift discrete solitons, which "correspond" to four-sites asymmetric vortex solutions in the standard 2-dimensional dNLS model (square lattice), of which this is a simpler variant. In the present 1-dimensional case, the presence of a conserved quantity for the soliton profile (the so-called density current), together with a perturbative construction, leads to the non-existence of any asymmetric vortex solution which is at least $C^2$ with respect to the small coupling $\epsilon$. Under less restrictive assumptions, non-existence is also proved by studying the bifurcation equation of a Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction, expanded to suitably high orders. Specifically, we produce a non-existence criterion whose efficiency we reveal in the cases of partial and full degeneracy of approximated solutions obtained via a leading order expansion.


The invention discloses a device for inhibiting carbon deposit generation of the air intake pipeline of a direct injection engine. The air intake pipeline is provided with a throttle valve. The device comprises a control device and a fluid reservoir filled with a gasoline additive; the fluid reservoir is connected with a pumping device, a flow controller and an atomization device sequentially through a conveying pipeline, wherein the pumping device, the flow controller and the atomization device are connected with the control device respectively; the atomization device is provided with a sprayer; and the sprayer is arranged in the air intake pipeline, is fixed to the inner wall of the air intake pipeline, and is located at the front end of the throttle valve. With the device adopted, the generation of carbon deposit in an inlet valve and the air intake pipeline can be greatly decreased.


Increasing specialization among health care professions has heightened the need for proficient interprofessional teamwork. Within the team context for practice, leadership becomes a competency expected of all practitioners who must recognize the necessity of situational leadership dependent on patient needs and the professional competencies to meet those needs. Although this need for leadership within interprofessional practice is recognized, the behavioral components of that leadership competency have not been delineated. In this article, the authors report on a study to identify the behavioral components of interprofessional practice and highlight the indicators of leadership competency in interprofessional patient-centered care. This qualitative study involved in-depth interviews with 24 participants from nine professions engaged in collaborative team care of clients or patients in a variety of community and acute-based health care facilities. Interprofessional competencies were explored using grounded theory, with coding of participants' responses. In this article, the authors have highlighted leadership in interprofessional practice, and discussed the behavioral indicators of leadership that could be used in preparation of students, faculty, and practitioners for interprofessional practice, as well as in evaluation of that practice for purposes of professional growth.


Background & Aim: Urogenital anomalies are common associated anomalies in anorectal malformations and are major contributory factor for high morbidity and mortality in anorectal malformation. There is a intense need to search out the factors responsible for high association of urogenital anomalies in anorectal malformation A prospective study was conducted in the Department of pediatric surgery, Guntur Medical college & Government Hospital. The objective of this study was to review the incidence of urogenital anomalies associated with anorectal malformation in our set-up. Results: Of the 90 patients with anorectal malfonnation, 52(57.78%) were male and 38(42.22%) were female. Ultra sonogram of abdomen was normal in 51(56.67%o) patients and abnormal in 29 patients (32.22%). High anorectal anomalies are most commonly associated with urological and genital anomalies. Of the 52 male patients 26(50%>) had urological and 10 (19.23%>) of them had genital anomalies. 22 of 90(24.44%) patients had vesicoureteric reflux which the most common urologic anomalies. 6(6.67%) of the 90 patients had hypospadias which is commonest among other genital anomalies. As both urologic and genital anomalies are more commonly observed in males there is a sexual preponderance. Hypospadias is the most common genital anomaly associated with anorectal malformations. VCUG when performed in all cases of anorectal malformations detected vesicoureteric reflux in 25cases out of which 10 were normal on Ultrasound. Early detection and management of these anomalies dictates the overall prognosis of a child with anorectal malformation. Conclusion: In the present study we conclude all cases of anorectal malformations should undergo VCUG to detect urological anomalies which may go unnoticed on USG. Patients with urogenital anomalies require careful assessment and timely intervention for better out come.


Objective:To explore the morphological changes in the renal structure of acute and chronic hydronephrosis of rat. Methods: Adult SD rats (n=54) were randomly and equally divided into three groups as sham operated group, acute and chronic hydronephrosis groups. By gross observation and under optical microscope after HE staining and scanning electron microscope, the morphological changes in the structure of acute and chronic hydronephrosis kidney were observed after 24 hours, 48 hours, and 1, 3, 4, 6 weeks. Results: At the early stage after obstruction, infiltration of inflammatory cells and dilating of tubules were observed both in the acute and chronic groups, but the changes in chronic group were milder and later. At the middle and late stages, acute group (after 3 weeks) and chronic group (after 4 weeks) had similar changes as decreased inflammatory cells, enlarged interstitial space, and collapsed renal tubules. Conclusion: The changes of renal structure are different between the acute and chronic hydronephrosis groups in the early period, but the changes are similar after 3 weeks of acute hydronephrosis and after 4 weeks of chronic hydronephrosis. The acute rat model of hydronephrosis could be used for the study of chronic obstructive hydronephrosis in certain stages.


Gears are part of mechanical power transmission devices and gear boxes used in machinery and vehicles. They are produced on a massive scale, and for the automotive industry global annual output reaches about 1 billion pieces. Gears are commonly made of steel and have teeth with a hard surface and a flexible core which provides suitable strength and service life. These properties are usually obtained by heat treatment on the basis of atmospheric carburizing and quenching in oil, realized in continuous furnaces. Traditional technology is characterized by low precision and repeatability in process results, large hardening distortion and high material handling costs mostly because of the batch type of heat treatment and inability of integration into in-line manufacturing. There is a very strong industrial need of overcome traditional technology disadvantages and allow heat treatment meets of modern industries requirements. This article introduces an innovative and revolutionary single-piece flow case hardening system by low pressure carburizing and high pressure gas quenching which allows individual adjustment to the size and shape of the particular gear in order to minimize hardening distortion and ensures ideal repeatability of results throughout the gears series. It is a compact system designed for highvolume heat treatment of gears in a lean manufacturing configuration ready for implementation within machining centers. Additionally the article will discuss the operational aspects, process costs and productivity.


A simple, sensitive and cost-effective homogeneous catalysis photochemical vapor generation (PVG) system for HPLC separation and atomic fluorescence spectrometry detection was reported herein for the speciation analysis of trace Se(iv) and Se(vi).


More than 40 new Ar/Ar ages, in conjunction with radiometric data published by many other authors, allow improved recognition of the spatial and temporal ranges of magmatic, metamorphic and deformational events associated with the formation of continental crust in the Klamath Mountains. Magmatism in earliest Jurassic time, [approx]200 Ma, is now recognized to have been widespread. Volcanoplutonic arcs of this age are present in upper levels of the Rattlesnake Creek terrane and in lower levels of the North Fork/Salmon River terrane. Roughly 200 Ma metaplutonic rocks are also found in the basement of the Rogue/Chetco arc, Preston Peak mafic complex, and Lems Ridge olistostrome. From 167--155 Ma, magmatic and structural extension occurred along a NW-SE corridor restricted to the northern Klamaths. Igneous rocks include the Wooley Creek, Preston Peak, Josephine, and Rogue/Chetco suites, and the Marble Mountains fault may represent a contemporaneous normal fault. The southern edge of the extended corridor is the Salmon tectonic line of Irwin (1985), but the northern boundary has not been recognized or named. Both boundaries were presumably transfer zones accommodating differential subhorizontal extension, but many details are still to be determined. The Siskiyou and Nevadan orogenies can no longer be assigned specific, narrow timemore » windows and may have outlived their usefulness as currently defined. Enough geochronologic data are now available to consider the ages and characteristics of specific plutons, deformation fabrics, and metamorphic minerals in individual areas, rather than assuming such events occur throughout the orogen within specific time ranges.« less


Fifteen genotypes of sesame were evaluated for moisture, protein, oil, carbohydrates and total sugars and variations in these parameters were found between 4.01 to 5.51%, 16.20 to 24.79%, 49.90 to 54.53%, 15.87 to 22.16% and 5.81 to 12.19%, respectively. The status of lignin and oxalate content was also evaluated and the values of these parameters ranged between 490 to 1077 mg/100 g and 534 to 1434 mg/100 g, respectively.


Different Kohonen maps have been studied in order to establish whether dimensional and shape aspects are important for map performance. The results presented indicate that for the same number of nodes, two-dimensional maps perform slightly better than three-dimensional maps. On the other hand, there was no difference in performance due to map shape. Different adaptation rules have been studied and compared with respect to map convergence. One of the rules, center adaptation, has been shown to result in faster convergence. Two measures are proposed to establish the unimodality in map response and the internal organization of a trained map.<<ETX>>


This paper describes the novel hybrid front-end beamforming architecture of a C-band mobile Polarimetric Atmospheric Imaging Radar (PAIR) system for weather applications. PAIR, a state-of-the-art radar on a mobile platform, will be shared with the scientific and radar communities to further research frontiers using its unprecedented high-temporal resolution and scanning flexibility. The system under development achieves dual polarization through novel polarimetric phased- array antenna design; improved detection capability through integrated solutions provided by solid state technology; faster update time through digital beamforming (DBF) in elevation; and a robust structure for fast deployment in severe weather. The concept and research applications and the development progress of PAIR will be reported in this paper.


The village of Tritunggal has three sub-villages namely Tesan Hamlet, Grogol Hamlet, and Hamlet Beton. The convection household industry located in Tritunggal Village produces various types of t-shirts, sporting costumes, jackets, tablecloths, nightgowns, school uniforms, marchendis, and various handicrafts and souvenirs that utilize waste from the local village convection industry. Supported by around 143 small and medium-sized convection industries, this business has become a regional superior product with its marketing area that has penetrated regional and national markets and even its existence has penetrated the export level. The problem faced by MSMEs in Conventional Village Convection is the weakness of the technology sector that makes production and marketing costs high, and this is also supported by the low entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation they have. This research is associative causal, Analytical technique used is path analysis (Path Analysis). The results showed that empirically the variables of entrepreneurship orientation and technological orientation, no significant effect on product innovation variables while market orientation variables significantly influence product innovation variables. the result of research also shows that simultaneously the variation of entrepreneur orientation, market orientation, technological orientation and product innovation have a significant effect to the quality product but parisally only the market orientation variables that have the effect of 0.605 ² = 0.366 or 36.60% to the product quality variables through product innovation variables .


This study presents an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) design in order to be used for reducing the specific absorption rate (SAR) for the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in which the electromagnetic pollution is commonly observed. The proposed design has a bandwidth of 0.4609 GHz and it is evaluated by using three different body tissues consisting of planar, cylindrical, and CST SAM phantom head model, and a significant reduction is observed via the usage of AMC. The proposed design, which has an AMC property between 2.8 GHz and 3.3 GHz, achieved a reduction in the SAR value with a percentage of 9% in planar human tissue, 58.9% for the cylindrical tissue, 18.4% for the phantom head model, at 3 GHz. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 26:349–354, 2016.


The gender differences in Mathematics learning is an important issue in Western educational study.In the international community many important results have been arrived on this research topic:Boys are more advantageous than girls in mathematics learning;boys and girls have their respective advantages in mathematics learning;there are not significant differences in boys and girls'mathematics learning.Some scholars explain the reasons that cause the discrepancy from the intellectual and physiological characteristics,the self-belief system,schools and social cultural factors,the concepts of teachers and parents.The teaching modes such as"single-sex education,establishing teachers'gender equality awareness,and teaching according to students'gender"may balance the gender differences in mathematical learning.


The present study aims at identifying the effect of integrating cultural insights on third year LMD students' communicative competence at the department of English at Batna University. The attempt was to highlight the nature of the relation existing between integrating cultural insights and the EFL learners' communicative competence along a descriptive study. Questionnaires' use on the population of both students, enrolled for the academic year 2012-2013, and teachers of oral expression module, revealed not only the tie aspect of this relation, but furthermore, evoked its significant impact on students' communicative as well as cultural competence. On the basis of literature reading and field work results, some recommendations have been drawn on order to attract both teachers' and students' attention on the role integrating culture performs at the level of improving competence in communication which is later on reflected by their achievements in communicative context.


Abstract Photorespiration, Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate-Carboxylase/Oxygenase, Gene Composition The activity of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate (RuDP)-carboxylase and RuDP-oxygenase was measured in crude leaf extracts of the tobacco (N . tabacu m) phenotypes which differed with respect to their gene constitution and with respect to their photosynthetic and photorespiratory activity. The green wild type (JWB) which carried the discussed two nuclear factors su and aur in the condition su/su Aur/Aur and su/su Aur/aur exhibits normal photosynthetic activity and low photorespiratory activity. A yellow-green chlorophyll-deficient phenotype (Su/su) carrying Su/su Aur/Aur has high photosynthetic activity on a chlorophyll basis but also high photorespiratory activity. A new yellow phenotype (Su/su var. Aurea) carrying both nuclear factors in a heterozygous condition Su/su Aur/aur has high photosynthetic activity on the basis of chlorophyll and low photorespiratory activity. The comparison of the RuDP-carboxylase/oxygenase activity in these three phenotypes shows that in the yellow-green phenotype Su/su the affinity of the RuDP-oxygenase towards oxygen is higher than in the green phenotype JWB and in the yellow phenotype Su/su var. Aurea. The Km ((O2) values for the RuDP-oxygenase activity are 890 /um for JWB, 630 μм for Su/su and 940 μм for Su/su var. Aurea and the corresponding Ki(CO2) values are 7.4 μм for JWB, 14.9 μм for Su/su and 5.8 μм for Su/su var. Aurea at pH 8.34. On the other hand, the affinity of the carboxylating activity of the enzyme towards CO2 shows no difference between JWB and Su/su var. Aurea, but a lower affinity in Su/su. This is expressed by the K m (C 02) values which are 107 μм for JWB, 143 μм for Su/su and 96 μм for Su/su var. Aurea at pH 7.8. However, the affinity of the oxygenase function of the enzyme towards RuDP seems to be unchanged in all three tobaccos and is found to be around Km (RuDP) 27 μм. From this result it appears that the nuclear factor su decreases in the condition Su/su Aur/Aur the affinity of the RuDP-carboxylase towards CO2 and increases the affinity of the RuDP-oxygenase towards oxygen. On the other hand, the factor aur seems to suppress this gene expression in the condition Su/su Aur/aur whereas both factors do not affect the binding of RuDP onto the enzyme.


Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is the method of choice for the treatment of vestibular schwannomas, due to its high frequency of tumor growth control and low complication rate. According to the world scientific literature, one of the rare late radiation induced complications is facial nerve paralysis. It is extremely rare to find reports of cases of prosoparesis that occurred during the first week after performing SRS. The potential etiology, pathogenesis, and management of this type of complication still remain a subject for discussion. As potential risk factors for the development of radiation-induced complications for cranial nerves, such indicators as the patient's age, the maximum diameter of the tumor, the presence of a fundal fluid cap, the amount of prescribed, average and maximum radiation dose per cochlea, the extent of the tumor's contact with the nerve trunk, or the radiation dose beyond the boundaries of the tumor are currently being studied. However, further study of predictors of the post-radiation neuropathy requires cohort studies. The article presents two cases of early and late radiation-induced neuropathy of the facial nerve after radiosurgery of vestibular schwannomas. Predictors and risk factors for the development of this type of complications after SRS are discussed. The important role of steroid therapy in the complex treatment of this group of patients was noted. In the presented patients, no reliable pathogenetic mechanisms leading to early radiation damage to the facial nerve were revealed. Despite the restoration or improvement of the strength of facial muscles, complications of facial neuropathy (hypertension, synkinesia) developed, which required timely detection and correction with the mandatory supervision of a neurologist.


Introduction: Lymphoma is the fifth most common cancer and affects both genders throughout the world. The purpose of current study is to find out the frequency of different types of Non-hodgkin lymphoma and its association with age, gender and stage of disease in Pakistani population.
Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted at Department of Oncology, Liaquat National Hospital. The study included all patients with histopathological diagnosis of NHL that reported in adult oncology outpatient department from year 2005 to 2015. The pertinent clinical information and demographic data of all the patients were recorded.
RESULTS: Total of 214 cases of NHL were reported between 2005 and 2015. Out of 214 patients, 113 (52.8%) were males and 101 (47.2%) were females. The mean age at diagnosis was 50.85 ± 15.64 years. Most of the cases were B cell lymphomas (n=189, 88.32%), had intermediate tumor grade (n=150, 74.61%) and stage 3 disease (n=55, 26.19%). Half of the cases had nodal presentation (n=114, 53.27%). Diffuse large B cell lymphoma was the most common type (n=140, 65.42%), followed by follicular lymphoma (n=17, 7.94%) while the most rare type was T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (n=3, 1.40%). Age (p<0.001), gender (p=0.001) and tumor grade (p<0.001) were significantly different among subtypes.

CONCLUSION: Non-hodgkin lymphoma has different presentations in different geographic locations which could be due to different environmental and lifestyle factors. In our study the male population was predominantly affected. Intermediate grade and nodal lymphomas were more frequent and the median age of presentation was lower than the rest of the world.


As the continuous growth of global vehicle production and owned, the problems brought by vehicles are conspicuousness day after day. These problems are much more serious in China. Thus developing zero emission electric vehicles have become the main scientific research projects in many countries around the world in 21st century. Energy-saving motor drive technology has become one of the key points to the EV commercialization. In the present electric vehicles, there are several main drive systems include the chopping system of DC motor, the variable frequency drive system of induction motor(IM), the drive system of permanent-magnet motor(PM) and switched reluctance drive system(SRM), etc. The DC machine has been faded gradually in the electric vehicle drive system for the reason of high startup current, huge volume, low efficiency and poor reliability. Even worse, the carbon body and the commutator which are not suited for high speed movement need to be changed frequently. The variable frequency drive system of IM has a small torque fluctuation, but with low efficiency especially in the low speed stage. When the electric vehicle is grade climbing, the torque output is small and the current is high. Although the permanent-magnet motor is of high efficiency, the manufacturing technique is very complicated and the machine will lose effectiveness because of the demagnetization in high temperature. So it is not the perfect way. The structure of the SR Motor is firmly and stable. The SRD system has a high reliability, wide range of speed regulation, high efficiency, low startup current and large torque output, all of which are especially suited for the work condition of the electric vehicles. The application of SRD on electric vehicles is affected by the torque fluctuation and strong noise. In a word, performance comparisons of the three motors are indicated in the following table 1. Because of its own characteristics,electric vehicles motor drive system should meet the following demands: 1. Output a large torque under base speed to meet the requirement of starting, accelerating, climbing and some other complicated working conditions. 2. Output constant power above the base speed in order to adapt max speed, overtaking and so on. 3. Maximize motor efficiency over the whole speed range to extend endurance mileage. From the table, the SRM has more advantage than the other motors. Many control different strategies have been proposed for the torque fluctuation task . Full rotor pitched insulating non-magnetic colloid techniques of SRM and SRM fuzzy logic


Introducing additive is an important method to synthesize special diamonds.In this article,we have synthesized industrial diamonds using sulfur-contained Ni_(70)Mn_(25)Co_5 as catalyst.The influence of sulfur on the synthesis of industrial diamonds has been inspected.Using scanning electron microscope we discovered that,compared to the diamonds from no-sulfur system,the diamonds from sulfur-contained system have hexoctahedron shape,but its surface has many small pits.These pits mainly distribute on the {111} surface of diamonds.Moreover,using electron probe,qualitative analysis has been carried on the impurity component,impurity content and impurity distribution.We have found that impurities on crystal surface distributed non-uniformly.The content of Mn and Ni element is relatively high.Sulfur can only be detected in the position of pits.However no sulfur can be found in the smooth region on diamond surface.


The experiential outward bound refers to that the trainers are inspired in psychology to explore their own potential in the process of solving problem. The outward bound has become a common form of modern enterprises for staff training. In Kunming, during the "Twelfth Five-Year" period, the enterprises carry out outward bound to improve the basic quality of new young employees, incorporate them into the enterprise team efficiently and reflect their value, and also indirectly increase productivity and facilitate the development of production and technological progress. It is the necessary requirement for the enterprise development and the urgent needs for the enterprise reform and innovation under socialist market economy to strengthen the outward bound of new employees.


According to William James, bodily self-awareness (bodily feeling) is pervasive throughout the stream of consciousness; such awareness is included in each and every pulse of mentality that makes up the stream of consciousness. This installment of the present series of articles begins to consider the role that bodily self-awareness plays in the very structure of the basic durational components of James's stream. The focus here is on an account of this role that the prominent phenomenologist Aron Gurwitsch preferred. Gurwitsch held that pervasive bodily self-awareness belongs to the margin of consciousness; such bodily self-awareness occurs in the form of distinct acts of awareness possessing a separate content from that of the central thematic process which also characterizes every pulse of consciousness. The present article discusses Gurwitsch's account in order to set up a contrast, which will be drawn explicitly in the next installment, with James's more phenomeno-logically integrated conception of pervasive bodily self-awareness.


A peer-to-peer collaborative visualization system has been built that can support both traditional displays and 3D virtual reality hardware. The software is built around Sun's Java3D graphics and JXTA peer-to-peer networking APIs, allowing two users to load VRML geometry files and manipulate their contents. Although this software takes advantage of VR hardware, it may be used between any two Java supporting peers. Finally, because no dedicated server is required, collaborative visualizations across the web become easier to initiate and more spontaneous.


This paper analyses disobedience discourse movements that build up as a way to resist specific power devices. To do that, we traced a theoretical and analytical path through the following points: a) a discussion about power and the subject with keen attention to elements that identify the works of the male domination device, included heteronormativity and virility; b) resuming of discourse theory aspects that help us identify the strategic game that defines the position of the subject whose enunciation manifests as disobedience to the social structure of the devices mentioned; and c) the understanding of the notion of disobedience (GROS, 2018), questioning its functioning as discourse practice. We sorted and analyzed the types of disobedience that, due to their value in the current socio-historical and political situation, manifest resistance to the power devices that superimpose themselves on the subjects.


Objective To study and solve the reconstruction of the defects of first metatarsal and the forefoot. Methods Using microsurgical technique,adopt transplantation of vascularized iliac bone incorporating with free flap to restore the defects of first and second metatarsal as well as forefoot. Results The injuried foot was restored its weight-bearing and walking functions and obtained a satisfactory contour. Conclusion The vascular iliac bone was an ideal donor site for reconstruction of absense of metatarsal,and vascular bone incorporating free flap were proved superiorly in treatment of forefoot defects.


Reflections on the essence of mutual influences of works of art, objects and people living in the space of the museum are under consideretion. We consider the deeper meaning of a museum exhibit, his «»soulness«», an idea, without which it would not have been the dialogue of cultures in the museum.


..cap alpha..-Naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) is an hepatotoxicant that produces cholestasis and hyperbilirubinemia in rats. Its mechanism of action is unknown. The observation that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) accumulate in the bile ductular region of the liver following ANIT administration prompted us to examine the ability of ANIT to stimulate these cells. PMNs elicited from rat peritoneum were treated with ANIT in vitro to test for the release of superoxide anion (O/sub 2//sup -/). ANIT stimulated O/sub 2//sup -/ release from PMNs in a concentration-dependent manner. Maximal O/sub 2//sup -/ release was achieved by an ANIT concentration of 110 ..mu.. M. O/sub 2//sup -/ release was rapid after the first few minutes of ANIT addition and ceased entirely between 10 and 15 minutes. An increase in the extracellular activity of lactate dehydrogenase also occurred after a 5-10 minute lag phase following ANIT addition. PMNs exposed to ANIT also failed to exclude trypan blue dye, either in the presence or in the absence of superoxide dismutase and catalase, suggesting a direct, oxygen radical-independent, cytotoxic effect of ANIT on PMNs. Release of the lysosomal enzyme, ..beta..-glucuronidase, also occurred within 5 min following exposure of PMNs to ANIT. These results indicate that ANIT stimulates the releasemore » of cytotoxic agents from rat PMNs in vitro and suggests that the direct stimulation of PMNs in vivo may contribute to ANIT-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.« less


Each year the president has the opportunity to recognize individuals who contributed to CVMA in some special way and whose contribution caught the attention of the president. It is my great pleasure to present two President's Awards this year: The first President's Award goes to former state representative Anne McGihon. Anne is currently an attorney with the law firm of Akerman Senterfitt and splits her time between Denver and Washington, DC. Anne represented District 3 (which includes parts of Denver and Arapahoe counties) from 2003 until earlier this year. During that time, as Chair of the House Committee on Health and Human Services, she made significant headway in the human health arena, including the creation of the Blue Ribbon Commission on Health Care Reform and the creation of a Task Force on Behavioral Health. But that's not why she is here today. She is here today because in 2007 she combined her passion for animals and animal health with her legislative leadership to create a balanced approach to animal physical therapy in Colorado. Anne's leadership balanced the interests of the patients, the veterinary profession, and licensed physical therapist who must undergo a rigorous education and registration process. She forged consensus and controlled the legislative process to assure that the vision for animal physical therapy indeed translated into statute. Her personal experience in finding pain relief through rehabilitation for her border collies helped drive her involvement in this legislative effort. This President's Award recognizes Anne McGihon for championing a balanced approach to animal physical therapy in Colorado.


OBJECTIVE To establish a HPLC method for the determination of paeoniflorin in Qinlian tablet.METHODS The hypersil C18 coloum(4.6mm×250mm,5μm) was used.The mobile phase consisted of methanol∶water(22∶78) with flow rate of 1.0ml·min-1.The detection wavelength was 230nm.RESULTS The method was linear within the range of 0.0482~2.408μg(r=0.9999).The average recovery was 97.85% and RSD was 0.82%(n=6).CONCLUSION The method is efficient and accurate with a good repeatability and can be using for the quality control of qinlian tablet.


(2) du Γ ' θμ i > Here and in what follows we use the summation convention for repeated,indices from 1 to n. We write Ω(Γ!, Γ2) = ΩΓΙ{*: I x ! € (rXl r2)}, Sr = Q(]{x'I * I = r}. We assume that Sr Φ φ for 0 < r < R = const, that the origin Ο belongs to Γ, and that Γ Γ3 dQ Π {χ: | x | < R). Suppose that the a'J (i) are measurable and that for χ £ Ω and any £, η e R" ( | χ | ) | ξ | 2 , U (x) l m | < Μ (| χ |) (aU (x) | ^ ) 1 / 2 ifiH (χ) where fli(r), fljCr), and M(r) are measurable and bounded for any (p, R) and αγ(ρ) > 0 for ρ e (0, R). A function u(x) is called a generalized solution of (1) in Ω satisfying (2) on Γ if u £ if (Ω) and


mon notifiable disease in the world, only measles being more prevalent. As stated in a recent leading article: 'With a mass measles vaccination just around the corner, it is a safe bet that gonorrhoea will take first place before very long' (Lancet, 1970). Nonspecific urethritis is even more common. In 1970 there were 36,996 cases of gonorrhoea in men and 16,556 in women in England, while in the same year there were 46,075 cases of nonspecific urethritis in


Abstract Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are local malformations of the human neocortex with strong epileptogenic potential. To investigate the underlying pathomechanisms, we performed a whole human transcriptome screening to compare the gene expression pattern of dysplastic versus nondysplastic temporal neocortex. Tissue obtained from FCD IIIa cases (mean age 20.5 years) who had undergone surgical treatment, due to intractable epilepsy, was compared with nondysplastic specimens (mean age 19.9 years) by means of Affymetrix arrays covering 28 869 genes. We found 211 differentially expressed genes (DEX) among which mainly genes important for oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination were downregulated in FCD IIIa. These findings were confirmed as functionally important by Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) analysis. The reduced expression of myelin‐associated transcripts was confirmed for FCD Ia, IIa, and IIIa by real‐time RT‐qPCR. In addition, we found that the density of myelin basic protein mRNA‐expressing oligodendrocytes and of 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase‐positive myelin fibers was significantly reduced in dysplastic cortex. Moreover, high‐resolution confocal imaging and 3D reconstruction revealed that the myelin fiber network was severely disorganized in dysplastic neocortex, indicating a disturbance of myelin sheath formation and maintenance in FCD.


Objective
To observe the expression of calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinaseⅡ(CaMKⅡ) in the spinal cord of the rats followed lidocaine hydrochloride intrathecal injection.

Methods
48 male SD rats weight(230±20)g, after intrathecal indwelling catheter, were randomly divided into four groups (n=12, 8 rats for behavioral detection and 4 rats for western blotting): normal group (C group), sham group (S group), DMSO group (D group), 10% lidocaine group (L group). Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL) were detected before and after 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d , 4 d and 5 d with drug treatment. Intumescentia lumbalis of the spinal cord were collected to measure the expression of CaMKⅡwith western blotting after drug treatment for 12 h.

Results
The based MWT of the rats in C, S and D group were (11.2±3.1)g, (11.8±2.2)g and (11.4±2.4)g respectively. There were no differences among the every time points (n=8, P>0.05). The MWT of the rats in L group significantly increased at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 1 d , 2 d, 3 d and 4 d after treatment with lidocaine hydrochloride, and the data were (22.0±6.6)g, (22.2±5.3)g, (20.5±5.8)g, (18.5±4.3)g, (16.7±3.2)g, (15.2±3.1)g, (15.5±3.5)g , (13.7±2.4)g respectively(n=8, P 0.05). The TWL of the rats in L group significantly increased at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d and 3 d after treatment with lidocaine hydrochloride(n=8, P<0.01). The expression of CaMKⅡ of the rats in C group, S group, D group and L group were 0.17±0.03, 0.16±0.03, 0.19±0.05, 0.42±0.11, and significantly upregulated in L goup (n=4, P<0.01).

Conclusion
Lidocaine hydrochloride intrathecal injection can increase the expression of the CaMKⅡin the spinal cord of the rats.Those indicate that CaMKⅡ may be involved with the nerve damage induced by lidocaine hydrochloride.

Key words:
Lidocaine hydrochloride; Spinal cord; Nerve damage; Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinaseⅡ


Based on the geomagnetic survey data in the eastern and central regions of China for 1936, and the international geomagnetic reference fields DGRF1935 and DGRF1940, using the method of the spherical cap harmonic analysis, the spherical cap harmonic (SCH) model of the Chinese geomagnetic reference field for 1936 (CGRF1936) is calculated. The truncation order of the SCH model is 8, the pole of the spherical cap is at 36°N and 104°E, and its half-angle is 30°. The CGRF1936 can express the distribution of the geomagnetic field in China better than the corresponding DGRF. The root mean square (RMS) deviations of SCH model are 104.9nT for X, 84.8nT for Y and 121.1nT for Z, respectively. Based on the SCH model of the geomagnetic field, the geomagnetic charts (X, Y, Z, F) and the anomaly charts (ΔX,ΔY,ΔZ,ΔF) in China for 1936 are drawn.


Staring radars use a transmitting static wide-beam antenna and a directive digital array to form multiple simultaneous beams on receive. Because beams are fixed, the radar can employ long integration times to detect slow low-RCS targets, such as drones, which present a challenge to traditional air surveillance radar. The use of multiple spatially separated receivers cooperating with the staring transmitters in a multistatic network allows multi-perspective target acquisitions that can help mitigate interference, such as signal multipath, and ultimately enhance the detection of drones and reduce target parameter estimation errors. Here, the design of a dual-channel receiver prototype for use in a multistatic cooperative network is presented. Several measurements have been taken using the prototype receiver in a bistatic configuration to test and assess its performance.


Treating a treatment area in the vasculature includes a first catheter adapted for positioning at the treatment area, said first catheter including a first balloon having a transient radiopaque material corresponding to the treatment area. A second catheter adapted for positioning at the treatment area includes a treatment that substantially matches the transient radiopaque material, preferably so that the length and/or position of the treatment corresponds to the length and/or position of the transient radiopaque material. Related kits, assemblies, and methods are also described.


In the 21st century, with the development of globalization processes, the competition for talent between organizations is growing larger and larger. It is no longer enough to provide acceptable working conditions, decent salaries and use the latest methods of staff motivation and engagement. The first contact with potential employees, i.e. recruiting, plays an ever greater role in creating and maintaining the company's image, attracting the best specialists to the company, etc. In addition, it is important for employers to optimize the work of recruitment specialists: to speed up and simplify tasks, reduce recruitment costs, and automate routine processes. The use of digital technologies can solve both challenges for companies [1].


Teichichnus burrows occur in the Sandbian, Katian and Telychian of Estonia associated with carbonate rocks. It is possible that Teichichnus is more common in the Sandbian than in the Lower to Middle Ordovician and in the Silurian. Two ichnospecies, T. rectus and T. patens, have been identified from the Lower Paleozoic of Estonia. This is the first record of T. patens in the Ordovician of Baltica. Teichichnus in the Sandbian, Katian and Telychian of Estonia is restricted to the shallowest tier levels. The rarity of Teichichnus in the carbonate sequences of the Ordovician and Silurian of Estonia reflects little bathymetric variability and an extremely low sedimentation rate in the shallow epicontinental basin.


In this paper, Computerized Tomography cuberille grid medical data is used. The common problem of volumetric image data is that the amount of data is too much. to reduce volumetric data, wavelet transformation is already used to evaluate importance for each data. We treat a volumetric medical image data as the coefficients corresponding to a three-dimensional piecewise constant basis functions of wavelet transformation. Then, we omit the coefficients with smallest magnitude until the difference between the gray value of original data and represented data is less than the tolerance. If we select only the important data, original cuberille data becomes scattered data. In this case, Marching Cubes algorithm is no longer applicable. Even though Marching cubes is one of the most successful voxel based algorithm, the input data should be cuberille grid data instead of scattered data. In real world, many applicable data are available in a manner of scattered data rather than cuberille grid data. A tetrahedrization is the one of pre-processing steps for trivariate scattered data interpolation. The quality of a piecewise linear data points in four-dimensional space depends not only on the distribution of the data in three-dimensional space, but also on the data value. This paper discusses data dependent criteria: (1) least squares fitting, (2) gradient difference, and (3) jump in normal direction derivatives. A simulated annealing algorithm is used to achieve the global optimum for a wide class of optimization criteria. The results of trivariated scattered data interpolation is visualized through an iso-surface rendering. A Geomview package is used in Linux flatform on PC.


To compare different methods of accessing and presenting on-line help, controlled experiments were conducted. Several different help systems were compared, including a natural language help system and a human tutor. The results indicate that, while varying the help mechanism may have some effect on learning, its importance is greatly overshadowed by the simple quality of the help texts being presented. Even for on-line help, good writing seems to be the most important part of helping the user, far more important than elaborate or sophisticated mechanisms.


In the existing Russian legislation there is a number of the weak places, making negative impact on process of struggle against extremism. First of all, it concerns age from which there comes the criminal liability on some affairs, and also attempt to consider in the course of investigation of crimes a material component of act. Essential difficulties for legal regulation of counteraction to extremism are created by a number of laws in force, especially in sphere of counteraction to extremism in mass-media. The global network the Internet for today represents a serious resource for conducting extremist activity.


The knowledge of anatomy of the heart has evolved over the ages and has contributed to the applications of cardio thoracic surgery and in understanding physiology of the various heart related diseases. In this study an attempt has been made to study the anatomy of pulmonary valve in human cadaveric hearts. The anatomy of pulmonary valve was studied by gross examination and dissection of hearts. The range of various parameters along with mean value and standard deviation was calculated. The annular length of the pulmonary valve was in the range of 5.4-7.8 cm with mean of 6.5±0.59cm.The width of right anterior, left anterior and of posterior leaflet was in the range of 1.93.1cm with mean of 2.4±0.35, 1.8-3.4cm with mean of 2.5±0.45 and 2.1-3.5 cm with mean of 2.7±0.4 respectively. As a result of such studies, current notions may be so changed and extended so as to understand the better morphologic structures of the heart and to provide a scientific basis for its function.


Objective According to the results of failure report for infectious diseases in the city of Yichang in 2008,the reasons of failure report were analyzed,for further preventive countermeasures to failure report for infectious diseases to improve the quality of report.Methods The stratified sampling principles were adopted to investigating and analyzing the missing report of infectious diseases,and statistical reporting rate and failure report rate were gotten,Results The missing report rate of infectious disease was 0.30% in 2008.It is showed that there were statistically signif-icant differences in missing report results among different medical and health institutions by using statistical tests.Conclusion It is important to strengthen standardized management,and establish effective communication and feedback mechanisms of infectious disease information for pre-venting failure report of infectious diseases effectively.


Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exist along a spectrum, from explanatory, designed to evaluate interventions under ideal conditions, to pragmatic, designed to reflect usual care. This study assessed the pragmatism of RCTs of advanced therapeutics in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).


One of the most pressing concerns of women's rights groups is the reform of sexist attitudes and practices within the criminal justice system. One method of redressing the problem would be a major increase in the number of women in positions of power within the criminal justice system. This study casts doubt on the effectiveness of this strategy to meliorate the sexist attitudes and practices. Not only were the attitudes of female probation officers regarding sexual assault more benign than those of their male colleagues, but also sex offenders processed by female officers received significantly more lenient sentences.


Abstract : This report contains the testing and test results performed on the Flexible Linear Shaped Charge packaged in a wood box. The testing was performed exclusively using inert charges (5206213-3) weighted up to the heaviest charges (5206213-6) packaged IAW 9332432 for Performance Oriented Packaging Certification. Tests were performed in accordance with Performance Oriented test regulations. The containers passed all tests. None of the contents of the containers were discharged or spilled. They are considered safe for international transportation in accordance with Performance Oriented Packaging Regulations.


The assay of serum enzymes has been used increasingly in recent years as an aid to clinical diagnosis and prognosis, but the literature contains few references to the exploitation of these laboratory tests in paediatrics. Following the development in these laboratories of assay procedures for glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GO-T), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GP-T), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) suited to routine work, the determination of the normal serum activities of these enzymes in the neonatal period was undertaken in conjunction with an investigation of the usefulness of their estimation in haemolytic disease of the newborn. The transaminase enzymes form a link between protein and carbohydrate metabolism and mediate in the reactions shown in equations (i) and (ii).


This project presents the performance analysis of the radial basis function neural network (RBF) trained with Minimal Resource Allocating Network (MRAN) algorithm for real-time identification of quadcopter. MRAN's performance is compared with the RBF with Constant Trace algorithm for 2500 input-output pair data sampling. MRAN utilizes adding and pruning hidden neuron strategy to obtain optimum RBF structure, increase prediction accuracy and reduce training time. The results indicate that MRAN algorithm produces fast training time and more accurate prediction compared with standard RBF. The model proposed in this paper is capable of identifying and modelling a nonlinear representation of the quadcopter flight dynamics.


Atrocities cast a long shadow. In post-intervention societies, reestablishing security, reconstructing governance institutions, and reforming the justice system are all crucial steps in promoting the rule of law, but important as they are, they are rarely sufficient to grapple with the legacy of past abuses. In most of the post-conflict societies discussed in this book, severe abuses were widespread in the period prior to intervention. The Balkan wars, for instance, were characterized by brutal massacres, mass rapes, and ethnic cleansing. Sierra Leone's civil war was characterized by the forced recruitment of child soldiers, widespread rapes and murders, and the gruesome mutilation of civilians. Afghanistan, Iraq, and East Timor also have had bloody pasts marked by severe abuses. In such societies, the traumatization caused by widespread past atrocities does not end when the guns fall silent. Although nothing can undo the suffering caused by atrocities, ensuring that perpetrators face some reckoning may be critical to moving forward in countries recovering from violent conflict. Ensuring accountability may help victims move on and can also help signal to all members of post-conflict societies that, henceforth, such abuses will not be permitted to recur. Just as important, the process of ensuring accountability may, in some circumstances, reinforce broader efforts to reform the justice system. As with every challenge discussed in this book, however, "ensuring accountability" is more easily said than done.


Reaction of Me2Si(C5Me4H)Cl with 1 equiv of Li2C2B10H10 in toluene/Et2O gave the monoanionic salt [Me2Si(C5Me4)(C2B10H11)]Li(OEt2)0.5 (1), which could be conveniently converted into the dianionic salt [{[(μ-η5):σ-Me2Si(C5Me4)(C2B10H10)]Li(THF)}2Li][Li(THF)4]·THF (2) by treatment with 1 equiv of n-BuLi. 1 reacted with 1 equiv of LnCl3 in THF to give [η5-Me2Si(C5Me4)(C2B10H11)]LnCl3Li(THF)3 (Ln = Nd (3), Sm (4)). 3 could further react with 1 equiv of 1 to afford [η5-Me2Si(C5Me4)(C2B10H11)]2Nd(μ-Cl)2Li(OEt2)(THF) (6), which could also be prepared from the reaction of NdCl3 with 2 equiv of 1. Partial hydrolysis of 4 resulted in the isolation of the novel cluster [{[η5-Me2Si(C5Me4)(C2B10H11)]Sm}2(μ2-Cl)3(μ3-Cl)4Li(OEt2)2Li(THF)2Sm(μ4-O)]2 (5). Treatment of 1 with 4 equiv of NaNH2 in THF, followed by reaction with 1 equiv of YbCl3, produced (η5-C5Me4H)2Yb(μ-Cl)2Li(THF)2 (7). An equimolar reaction between 2 and NdCl3 yielded the anionic compound [{η5: σ-Me2Si(C5Me4)(C2B10H10)}2Nd][Li(DME)3] (11). Interaction of ...