The present invention discloses a software version updating implementation method. Said method contains storing said maintenance every equipment hard ware information in centralized maintenance platform, matching suitable software in locally stored updating software package according to stored hard ware information, transmitting said matched software to said maintenance every equipment; every equipment installing said received software. Using the present invented method, in equipment software version updating process, every equipment only need downloading and installing self hard ware required software, thereby reducing transmitted file size and saving software version updating required time. The present invention also can realize automatic software installation as equipment hard ware status generating variation.


It is widely accepted that the phonetic realization of intonation contours over short utterances triggers a gestural reorganization of the tones involved. According to the way intonation contours are realized in these sequences, Gronnum (1991) and Ladd (1996) have observed two strategies, compression (or complete realization of the melodic form) and truncation (or elision of the initial/final part of the contour). This article describes the so-called "neutral" contours in Central Catalan (specifically, declarative, interrogative and imperative sentence-types) and examines the process of temporal realization of these tunes over short utterances (monosyllabic phrases and utterances containing just one stressed syllable). Catalan is a strongly compressing language, a tendency shown by all tunes except for the interrogative one. The article shows how the apparent cases of "gestural reorganization" can be explained by a left-to-right association of the pitch accents involved in the phonological tune with the metrically strong positions available in the sentence. Thus, each contour adopts two different shapes according to the number of tonic syllables it contains. Pierrehumbert's model of tonal representation can therefore obtain in a straightforward way the resulting contours, showing its superiority over other representational models.


This article aims to elaborate on the role of social media as a media for promoting citizenship in Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province. The expansion of the role of social media ultimately affects various civic activities up to the public sector. In the era of the digital economy, the role of social media can be the most important media promotion for the activities of citizens, business entities and the public. Various activities and activities in the realm of business, private and public can be disseminated through social media. This study uses an explanatory qualitative approach with in-depth interview techniques with millennials in Pandeglang Regency and is supported by field observations according to the research topic. The results of the study found that social media can be a promotional medium for citizenship both for individuals, business entities and public organizations. However, various patterns of strengthening digital citizenship literacy are needed so that social media can be maximized as a promotional medium in the digital economy era.


Vo ngoc et al. show that the human initiator has the consensus of BBCA+1BW at focused promoters in which transcription initiates at a single site or a narrow cluster of sites.


Abstract : The REFLECT code was modified for calculation of the interaction of six equal blast waves from simultaneously detonated charges in a hexagonal pattern. The objective has been to determine whether the REFLECT code, if further modified, would have the potential for accurate calculation of the interaction of six blast waves. In its present form the code is called REFLECT-3. A calculation was performed for the conditions of the MISERS BLUFF II-2 test, six 120-T ANFO charges separated by 100 m. Comparisons with overpressure and shock arrival time measurements show good agreement, within the data uncertainty, until the incident shock is within about 7 m (20 feet) of the array center. The peak overpressure predicted for the main reflected wave, which contains the highest pressures, agrees well with test results near the array center. Improvement would require reducing the cell sizes and applying the 'sharp' (rankine-Hugoniot) shock modelling not just to the initial shock but to two later shocks as well. (Author)


Various power transfer technology is requested ac/electricity transformation to acquire a constant frequency ac power. Once the wind speed varies, the servo motor supplies a compensatory energy to keep constant generator speed. Within this paper, an optimum power tracking control plan is suggested. The suggested MPTC plan includes two control loops. The extra servo motor power can also be changed into electricity, and output in to the load. This paper presents a singular converter less wind turbine having a control framework that includes an excitation synchronous generator, magnet (PM) synchronous servo motor, signal sensors, and servo control system. The control system design concepts maintain power flow balance between your input and also the output and, concurrently, pressure the generator frequency to synchronize using the utility grid. Because of the problem in precisely estimating the wind speed, the suggested MPTC plan measures the motor output power because the reference signals to look for the generator output power. For any typical three phases, four rods excitation synchronous generator, the generator output power is controlled by the excitation controller, with the slip rings, using the appropriate excitation current delivered to the armature winding. The traditional motor current feedback controller can avoid immediate current stress towards the servo driver. The direct drive magnet synchronous wind turbine uses variable speed and power ripper tools technologies to satisfy the grid connection needs that have benefits of being gearless. Fraxel treatments continue to be put on the servo motor control to enhance the control performance. Experimental results show the suggested wind turbine system achieves high end power generation with salient power quality.


Introduction: The prognostic and predictive utility of pretreatment serum activin A (TGF-B superfamily ligand) was correlated with the response of first-line metastatic breast cancer patients (MBC) in the phase 3 randomized trial of letrozole vs. tamoxifen. Methods: 555 ER+ first-line MBC patients had pretreatment serum available for activin A ELISA (RD p In the total population with available serum (n=555), multivariate analysis for TTP revealed that high serum activin A was a significant adverse prognostic factor (HR=1.46, p Conclusions: Patients with high pretreatment serum activin A levels had a significantly reduced ORR, CBR, TTP and OS compared to patients with low serum activin A. The results were similar within the letrozole or tamoxifen treatment arms, and within the serum HER2 not-elevated subgroups. High pretreatment serum activin A level is associated with relative resistance to hormone therapy in first-line metastatic breast cancer. Citation Format: Meghan Jensen, Ashley Kang, Suhail M Ali, Kim Leitzel, Ashwani Garg, Jaqueline Rogerio, David Chen, Raymond Hall, Scott Hofsess, Hilary A Chaudri-Ross, Nicholas Bade, Walter P Carney, Allan Lipton. Serum activin A and response to the aromatase inhibibitor (AI) letrozole versus tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-14.


Blimbingsari beach is one of a kind of Banyuwangi's beach that have a high potential on grilled fish special culinary aspect This beach became the pioneer of Banyuwangi's very first seafood and grilled fish restaurant with 'lesehan' type, and that was the brand was formed ever since. Thus also makes the image of Blimbingsari skyrocket and built perspective of tourists for years and the paradigm brings many people to come and try the dish by themselves. However,  Blimbingsari beach has not optimalize the brand identity they have and has no tagline or destination icon to increase the branding yet. The main purpose of this research is to formulate of priority strategies of Blimbingsari destination branding as a grilled fish culinary center which lies in Banyuwangi.This research is using qualitative descriptive with SWOT  analysis and  AHP for making desicion in a path of top priority strategies. And the result itself, shows that the culinary potential has been being built by brand and long-journey tourist perspective, the taste of the grilled fish itself, best price dishes and comfortable ambiance. The highest strenght factor owned Blimbingsari beach is having a strategic location, the main weakness factor is inadequate food utensils. The major opportunity of factor is the sinergy between to communities to increase regional profit and the main threat factor is the emergence of new competitors. In addition, this research also produced five priority strategies.


2020, Otology & Neuroto (MD) is diagnosed based upon observation of an episodic vertigo s Menière's disease clinical criteria as formulated by the Bárány Society in 2015 (1). Until recently, the role of imaging has been to exclude other pathologies mimicking MD, such as schwannomas, labyrinthitis, intracranial liquor hypotension, demyelinating disease, etc. However, at present, the development of delayed gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the inner ear has enabled us to visualize the histopathological basis of MD, namely the endolymphatic hydrops (EH) as described by Hallpike in 1938 on temporal bone histologic studies (2). Four-hours delayed intravenous (iv) contrast-enhanced three-dimensional fluid attenuated inversion recovery (3D FLAIR) MRI has become a validated technique for demonstration of this EH by allowing dilute contrast to accumulate within the perilymphatic compartment, where the bloodlabyrinth barrier is permeable, outlining the impermeable endolymphatic compartment (2).


A review of the development and newest research work carried on in the field of water resources,water environment and irrigation in China is introduced.


The aseptic seedlings of Astragalus sinicus were treated as two groups.One group was inoculated by Rhizobium astragalus and the other was designed as contrast without inoculation.These two groups were all cultivated in sterilized cultured liquid about one week.The root segments which have distinctive deformation of root hairs from first group were cut off and be fixed,meanwhile the corresponding root segments were cut off from the contrastive group and be fixed.These groups of roots segments were treated as semi-thin section and ultrathin sections,and then were observed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope.The result shows:the transfer cells with wall ingrowths on the tangential exowall of the root epidermal cells is easy to be found in the root segments which has distinctive deformation of root hair.The wall ingrowth lies not only in root epidermal cells but also in the root hairs,while there is no wall ingrowth in root epidermal cells of Astranalus sinicus which is not inoculated by rhizobia.This proved that the forming of transfer cells in epiderm of Astragalus sinicus was due to the inducement of rhizobia of Astragalus sinicus.


Most of spectral estimation methods are based on improving the learning-based procedures which mainly modify the training sets used by the basic methods. In this article, a new method is developed for analyzing of superiority of these modified processes to the basic methods in terms of normality of datasets. Hence, two qualitative terms, named generality and similarity are introduced to interpret the recovery achievements of different databases and their roles as training and testing sets. Also, a simple technique based on dataset modification of pseudo-inverse method is introduced for the recovery of reflectance spectra of samples from their corresponding colorimetric data. The method modifies the training dataset according to the color specifications of test sample. In fact, different weighting matrices are employed as dynamic modifiers to improve the pseudo-inverse estimation as a simple recovery method. The employed datasets are examined in the self as well as cross test conditions and the results are spectrally and colorimetrically evaluated. The root mean square errors between the reconstructed and actual spectra along with the corresponding color difference values under different illuminants decrease by employing the suggested modification method in comparison to classical pseudo-inverse technique as well as the recently improved version named optimized adaptive Wiener method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010


Chemical fixation of CO2 to value-added products/materials/fuel has attracted more and more attention from both academia and governmental agencies all over the worldsince CO2 is an easily available and sustainable C1 resource with the advantage of being abundant, nontoxic, nonflammable and renewable. Synthesis of organic carbonates starting from CO2 is one of the most promising methodologies and has been widely investigated. The use of CO2 and 1,2-diols can bring many advantages, such as reusing the byproducts generated in the industrial dimethyl carbonate (DMC) process and simplifying the post purification process. In this paper, synthetic methods with reaction mechanism of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and glycerol carbonate from CO2 and ethylene glycol (EG), or propylene glycol (PG) or glycerol are systematically discussed.


Driving a motor vehicle with a foreign driver's license that isn't recognized in Germany will be regarded as driving without a license and punished accordingly.


Magnetic resonance imaging was used as a follow-up technique in 24 patients with known soft tissue neoplasm who underwent surgery and/or radiation therapy at Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand. Sixty-eight MR images were evaluated with regard to: (1) presence of a bulky mass; (2) presence of fluid collection; (3) signal intensity changes at T1 weighted and T2 weighted spin echo and fast spin echo sequences respectively; (4) high signal intensity at STIR T2 images; (5) an increase in paramagnetic contrast enhancement at the surgical region. Tumor recurrence can be differentiated from post-treatment tissue change in patients treated with surgery alone or with radiation by the presence of a discrete mass, with a sensitivity 83% and specificity 93%. For patients who received only radiation with or without chemotherapy, paramagnetic contrast enhancement is justified to monitor tumor activity. Fluid collection and high signal intensity at the surgical region is generally not specific in differentiating post treatment tissue change from tumor recurrence.


Hypertension has today assumed a public health status, causing extensive mortality and morbidity with cost of treatment worldwide, running into billions of dollars annually as direct and indirect costs. In Africa and particularly Jos, Nigeria, the resources of government (especially the health sector) and individuals are very limited in meeting health care needs. New drugs are daily being introduced to the pharmaceutical market for the management of hypertension in particular and other diseases in general. Therefore, any drug eventually chosen for pharmacotherapy of any disease should be cost effective. The objective of this study was to investigate patterns of drug treatment and costs of antihypertensive drugs in the four secondary and tertiary hospitals in Jos city. The study was a qualitative retrospective survey, employing structured questionnaires based on W.H.O methods of drug utilization studies to collect data from patients' case folders. Results of this study revealed several rational and non-rational prescription practices in the hospitals investigated. The use of brand names and injections were high based on WHO-ISH standards but the use of diuretics and calcium channel blockers were seen to be in line with recommendations and similar to patterns observed in other studies within and outside Nigeria. Cost effectiveness in the hospitals studied was averaged at fifteen naira (15.00) per 1 mmHg-1 reduction in diastolic blood pressure. Educational interventions to improve prescription habits will lead to better drug utilization and further enhance cost effectiveness of drug treatment .


AIM To discuss the problems of Web server security by using ASP technology and the solve method. METHODS To discuss respectively the security question of Window NT 4, IIS4 and ASP, and the solve mothed. CONCLUSION There are many methods which can help to solve the security of Web server under ASP technology


The aim of this paper is to sum up the main issues at stake in the European Union, concerning gender equality in social inclusion and social protection policies. As is well known "Equality between women and men" is one of the founding principles of the Treaty of the European Union. However, despite progress made over past decades, gender inequalities are still persistent in a number of spheres. Poverty is increasingly feminised and especially affects single mothers and elderly women. Gender inequalities, however, are also persistent among other groups facing social exclusion, for example immigrants, ethnic minorities and the disabled. This means that there are differences in the causes, extent, and form of social exclusion experienced by women and men. The paper, introduced by an overview of primary gender gaps, focuses on specific issues in the three policy areas where the promotion of gender equality would be particularly important: social inclusion, pensions, health and long-term care. Special attention is devoted to empowerment policies, integrating several welfare domains and distinctive approaches.


The Radix of Gentiana macrophylla (Gentianaceae) has been used for dispelling wind-damp, relaxing the sinews, and clearing heat from deficiency. In order to evaluate its quality, the method for the quantitative determination of gentiopicroside as standard compound has been developed. Gentiopicroside was a major compound of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix. It was analyzed by HPLC using 30% MeOH as a solvent system. The amount of gentiopicroside from Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix was in the range of 2.22±1.22% (n=18).


ABSTRACT Background Substance dependent people are more likely to develop different disorders. This study aimed to compare the quality of life and general health between opium and non-opium users referred to addiction treatment centers in Iran. Methods and materials This cross-sectional study was carried out on 272 substance users (136 dependent people using opium and 136 dependent people using non-opium substance) referred to addiction treatment centers in Bojnourd. The data were analyzed through STATA version 12 using chi-square, independent t-test, correlation coefficient, and ANCOVA tests. Results The mean age of the opium and non-opium users was 43.35 and 43.88 years, respectively (p >0.05). Regarding marital status, there was a statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.002). There was a higher history of imprisonment in non-opium substance users group (p<0.001). Regarding general health, there were significantly different scores only in physical symptoms and depression (p <0.05). Only physical symptoms of GHQ28 between the two groups were significant, in which opium users had bad conditions (P=0.04). Conclusion The type of substance is related to the quality of life and mental health. Marital status and being imprisoned are contributing factors in mental health status and quality of life.


The article deals with issues related to the organization of municipal and public procurement, which meet all the criteria of legality, competence, transparency and literacy. It is precisely in the presence of such an effective and effective mechanism for the implementation of municipal and public procurement that the state will support the effective implementation of public procurement.


The book Mobile Media provides much exploration on how technologies are adopted, perceived and used in Nigeria society, with university students as a focus of investigation. Evidence from the qualitative and quantitative research paradigms revealed significant usage potentialities of mobile media technologies suggesting that Nigeria as a developing society is benefiting from the advanced technologies of the developed societies. The eight (8) chapters in the book is well researched, with complimentary works of other researchers in mobile media around the world. The book is therefore useful to academics and researchers in the field of media and communication, social media researchers, students, media practitioners, communication policy makers and lovers of media and communication.


Slater and co-workers demonstrate fabrication of three-dimensional, biomimetic microfluidic networks embedded in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels by combining laser-based degradation with image-guided laser control on page 2153. Generation of high-density, capillary-like microfluidic networks that recapitulate the architecture of in vivo microvasculature as well as the ability to induce internetwork transport between two independent microfluidic systems is presented. Recapitulating in vivo-like transport using biomimetic microfluidic networks may prove advantageous in fabricating advanced in vitro tissue models.


History indicates that before the coming of modern globalization, the Muslims had their own version of globalization. During the Muslim era of globalization which coincides with the Golden Age of the Muslims, the West benefited immensely from the scholastic works produced by Muslim scientists and scholars. Modern globalization which started during the era of Western colonization of the East has now gone to every nook and cranny of the world. The usage of internet and other modern electronic media directly or indirectly has speeded up the process of transporting modern globalization to the world community. Modern globalization has brought about radical change in aims of education; it has marginalized local culture and language; it has caused brain drain everywhere in the world. Muslims, it seems, are perceiving globalization as identical to re-colonization. This paper intends to explore and investigate how modern globalization heralded by the west is different from Muslim globalization in the past.


Abstract Current evidence suggests that almost half of allchildren with cardiomyopathy and symptomatic heartfailure will die or require a cardiac transplant within5 years of diagnosis. The recognition, diagnostic assess-ment, and treatment of heart failure in children aretherefore challenging undertakings, to say the least. Itinvolves an assessment ofcardiac appearance and function,adaptation of the child as a whole, and a diagnosticapproach that evaluates many possible root causes. Thisreview is intended to assist the practicing pediatrician andcardiologist by providing a framework for this diagnosticassessment and to give an overview of the treatmentoptions available for children with heart failure. In this firstpart, we will focus on clinical evaluation, diagnostictesting, and initial medical management. In the secondpart of this series, the maintenance treatment and treatmentoptions applicable when medical treatment is insufficientwill be addressed.Keywords Heartfailure.Cardiomyopathy.Treatment.ChildrenIntroductionHeart failure occurs in children as a consequence ofcongenital or acquired disorders, either systemic or involv-ing only the cardiovascular system. Herein, we review anapproach to the diagnosis and assessment of heart failure asa clinical syndrome in children. Acute-phase stabilizationand medical treatment are discussed. Later, in part 2 of thisseries, we will review the maintenance treatment andintervention options for advanced heart failure, such asdevice therapy and heart transplantation. We will deal withheart failure arising both in infancy and in childhood due toeither structural congenital or primarily cardiomyopathicdisease.Heart failure due to congenital structural heart diseasetypically presents early in life [3], resulting from abnormalcardiac chamber morphology, valvular function, or circula-tory connections. Genetically determined diseases of themyocardium (cardiomyopathies, CM) may occasionally beapparent at birth but more frequently manifest later ininfancy, childhood, or indeed during adult life. In CM, thebasis for heart failure is usually reduced systolic function ofthe left ventricle (LV), although associated diastolicdysfunction is increasingly recognized as an importantcontributing factor in the pathophysiology of heart failurein children [38]. The function of the right ventricle (RV),previously overlooked, has also come under scrutiny, as apotential predictor of adverse outcome in patients with heartfailure [13, 38].Disorders affecting the myocardium are diverse and mayarise from genetic abnormalities often involving sarcomericand structural proteins or can be secondary to an acquireddisease (like myocarditis) or toxic exposure (anthracyclinetoxicity). It is important to note that all known diagnoses


Cloud radio access network (Cloud RAN) is able to significantly improve the network capacity and energy efficiency through centralized processing of multiple distributed base stations (BSs). Yet it also places tremendous burden on backhaul links that connect these BSs. In this paper, we introduce a cache-enabled Cloud RAN, in which each BS is equipped with a local cache with limited storage capacity. If the content requested by a user is not cached at the serving BSs of the user, it will be distributed to the serving BSs via the backhaul links from the central processor (CP). We investigate the dynamic user-centric BS clustering and sparse beamforming by taking both channel condition and cache status into account. We formulate an optimization problem with the objective of minimizing the weighted sum of backhaul cost and transmit power cost subject to an individual signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) constraint for each user. This problem is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. We apply the iterative reweighted ℓ1-norm technique to find an approximate solution. Theoretical analysis also shows that all the BSs which cache the content requested by a user can always be included in the BS cluster of this user, regardless of their channel conditions. Based on this finding, we propose a cache-aware greedy selection BS clustering algorithm. Simulation results show that caching can greatly improve the tradeoff between backhaul capacity and transmit power. It is also demonstrated that popularity-aware caching is superior to random caching in Cloud RAN.


Received: 29 February 2020 Accepted: 23 February 2021 Breast cancer is a cancerous tumor that arrives within the tissues of the breast. Women are mostly attacked than men. To detect early cancer medical specialists, suggest mammography for screening. Algorithms in Machine learning were executed on mammogram images to classify whether the tissues are deleterious or not. An analysis is done based on the texture feature extraction using different techniques like Frequency decoded local binary pattern (FDLBP), Local Bit-plane Decoded Pattern (LBDP), Local Diagonal Extrema Pattern (LDEP), Local Directional Order Pattern (LDOP), Local Wavelet Pattern (LWP). The features extracted are tested on 322 images from MIA's database of three different classes. The algorithms in Machine learning like K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (KNN), Support vector classifier (SVC), Decision Tree classifier (DTC), Random Forest classifier (RFC), AdaBoost classifier (AC), Gradient Boosting classifier (GBC), Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier (GNB), Linear Discriminant Analysis classifier (LDA), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis classifier (QDA) were used to evaluate the accuracy of classification. This paper examines the comparison of accuracy using different texture features. KNN algorithm with LDEP for texture feature extraction gives classification accuracy of 64.61%, SVC with all the texture patterns mentioned gives classification accuracy of 63.07%, DTC with FDLBP, LBDP gives classification accuracy of 47.69, RFC with LBDP and AC with LDOP and GBC with FDLBP gives 61.53% classification accuracy, GNB and LDA with FDLBP gives 60% and 63.07% classification accuracy respectively, QDA with LBDP gives 64.61 classification accuracy. Of all the Algorithms support vector classifier gives good accuracy results with all the texture patterns mentioned.


Teaching method is the "catalyst" to improve the quality of talent training and tap the potential of talent development. It is also the basic way to realize the goal of talent training. Taking full advantage of existing information technology, this paper starts with the main problems faced by the teaching methods of military basic courses under the condition of actual combat and creatively proposes the thinking resonance teaching method, feedback incentive teaching method, behavioral experience teaching method, and other teaching methods. It has carried on the beneficial research to the question which should grasp in the course of the innovation teaching method.


Let be the open unit disc in C. It is proved that a holomorphic embedding f : C2 can grow arbitrarily fast near b. It is also proved that a holomorphic embedding f : C C2 can grow arbitrarily fast near infinity.


The combination of Nd(BH 4 ) 3 (THF) 3 and dialkyl magnesium has enabled a notable achievement in the copolymerization process, with potential for new materials with diverse properties. The copolymerization of myrcene and isoprene has been achieved through statistical copolymerization, with yields of up to 84%. This process allows the insertion of isoprene into poly(1,4-trans-myrcene) while maintaining the regio and stereoselectivity of the reaction, even in the presence of high quantities of isoprene. These findings have important implications for the development of new materials with enhanced properties and demonstrate the potential of this copolymerization method for future applications


Article will deal with Czechoslovak hockey in the 1950s. The period is chosen because of the greatest decline in ice hockey in the history of Czechoslovakia. Disintegration is mainly due to the new state establishment, which after the trial of hockey players in 1950 let the entire national team fall. Politics intertwined with sport. The communist regime changed the formats of the competition, maintaining the status of amateur athletes, creating personnel ratings of players and practical control the entire life of hockey players. The highlight were the agents who traveled with the national team to all foreign matches.


In modern conditions, russian enterprises have faced serious difficulties related to the sanctions imposed against Russia and the response to them. Most of the economic entities, in order to maintain their positions in the market and the stability of their financial situation, are forced to change the current practice of managing their resources and, in this regard, implement various behavioral strategies. This work is devoted to identifying the main types of anti-crisis strategies of Russian enterprises for managing their resources. The results of the study can be used to further study the relationship between business strategies and specific anti-crisis management measures for various types of resources of an economic entities.


After worldwide economic reforms, business environment became more complex and Investors were unable to decide where and which country to choose for investment. Therefore, in 2002 the World Bank launched the Doing Business Project, which is based on a survey of domestic small and medium-sized companies to measure regulations. The aim of this Doing Business report of World Bank is to help developing countries in making regulatory reforms. In order to promote and motivate businessmen, governments around the world, initiated reforms through their various economic and trade policies, amendments and legislative reforms, reforms in the banking sector, etc. which will ultimately help the growth of the economy through regulatory reforms. The Ease of Doing Business Index is a source of information on the business environment (law, other costs of doing business) of about 190 countries.


We study a variety of ways to specify a two sorted structure involving the Booleans B, with constants true and false and a finite set D with an equality function eq to the Booleans, under the assumption that there is a constant (name) for each element of D. The specifications are evaluated with respect to several properties, like textual length, efficiency in execution and the use of special features.


The present invention relates to a high heat distortion temperature apertures polymethacrylimide foam, foam components as parts by mass: methacrylic acid MAA, 35 ~ 60; Acrylonitrile AN, 65 ~ 40; initiator, 0.10 to 4.0 ; blowing agent, 1.0 to 20; a nucleating agent, 1 to 5; a crosslinking agent, 0.1 to 5; resistant additive, from 5 to 10; the initiator is an azo - bis (4-cyanovaleric acid) azo or - a mixture of bis (4-cyanovaleric acid) and other azo compounds; and the other azo compounds of AIBN is azobisisobutyronitrile, azobis isopentyl heptyl azobisisobutyronitrile eyes or eyes, heat distortion temperature apertures polymethacrylimide foam foam of the invention has a small pore diameter Φ0.1 ~ 0.3mm, good heat resistance, high heat distortion temperature greater than 200 ℃, excellent mechanical properties.


We describe a simple one‐step optical recording geometry for the fabrication of a white light transmission hologram. The arrangement is a modified Leith–Upatnieks off‐axis holographic configuration that yields a wide‐field, deep‐scene rainbow hologram. Detailed recording layout of the hologram and the experimental results are also included.


This work presents the ScalaBLAST Web Application (SWA), a web based application implemented using the PHP script language, MySQL DBMS, and Apache web server under a GNU/Linux platform. SWA is an application built as part of the Data Intensive Computer for Complex Biological Systems (DICCBS) project at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). SWA delivers accelerated throughput of bioinformatics analysis via high-performance computing through a convenient, easy-to-use web interface. This approach greatly enhances emerging fields of study in biology such as ontology-based homology, and multiple whole genome comparisons which, in the absence of a tool like SWA, require a heroic effort to overcome the computational bottleneck associated with genome analysis. The current version of SWA includes a user account management system, a web based user interface, and a backend process that generates the files necessary for the Internet scientific community to submit a ScalaBLAST parallel processing job on a dedicated cluster.


Two Lambertson-type injection magnets have been designed, constructed and tested magnetically. One magnet is the mirror image of the other and each will serve as an injector in the rings of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) accelerators under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). To obtain the required field quality in the injected beam region and low stray fields in the circulating beam region of the magnet, an optimization study was performed using computer codes to provide solutions for a two and three dimensional model of the magnet. The calculations are compared to the magnetic field measurements taken in the injected and circulating beam regions mentioned above. Field inhomogeneities in the injected beam region were less than 6/spl times/10/sup -4/ for either measured or calculated B-fields. The magnetic-field strength in the circulating beam region was less than 0.1 Gauss (measured or calculated). A description of the mechanical design of the magnet as well as a detailed comparison of the measured magnetic fields to these calculated using the two and three dimensional computer codes is presented here.


Red-stemmed pea seedlings grown from a heterogeneous lot of seeds (P.I. 356980) were shorter than green-stemmed seedlings grown from the same lot. Crosses between the two types show that the red stems are dominant to green stems with a 3:1 ratio in the F2. Stem lengths of the red-stemmed F2 plants, however, were not significantly different from those of the green-stemmed F2 plants. It is concluded that the presence of anthocyanins is not a direct cause of shorter stem length, nor are the genetic loci concerned linked. Other reasons for the association of shorter stems with red colouration are being investigated.


Formal theories of design have described design as a quest for the fit between two spaces such as form-context, solution-problem, structure-function and presently Technology-Environment (T-E). On the contrary, existing methods tempt to focus on E; most engineering disciplines serve T; designers are consequently left barehanded to apply formal principles. More specifically a design method should help to overcome design fixations and enable to steer T-E double exploration. First we extend Concept-Knowledge formalism by defining the inverse C-K of a considered C-K, i.e. the knowledge base is put into question to formulate a new initial concept and the initial concept has an assumed logical status to become the new knowledge base concept. In this configuration, one C-K can benefit from expansions of the other. Second a method is deduced by applying this principle to the T-E framework: designers should steer their exploration by drawing simultaneously T C-K and E C-K. Four empirical cases are analysed. The results suggest that the method enables to identify a maximum of fits before converging on one when used from the start or can provide defixating knowledge expansions when not.


This study deals with CFD-based optimization of Double Flow Control Devices (DFCDs); a patented technology for enhancing film effectiveness using Taguchi method as a robust optimizing technique. This study adopts offset of the devices with respect to the centerline of the hole, which may happen in the manufacturing process, as a noise factor in the optimizing process. The aim of this study is to explore a possibility of DFCDs to improve the cooling performance of a sophisticated fan-shaped cooling hole called 7-7-7 shaped hole developed by Penn State University [9]. Aerodynamic and thermal performances of the optimized DFCD model were evaluated through the detailed experiments using IR camera and temperature rake. INTRODUCTION Turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of gas turbines is steadily increasing in response to strong demand for higher thermal efficiency as well as larger output of power systems using gas turbine as a core component. Although turbine cooling technologies have already made a major contribution to the realization of higher TIT, further advancement of the cooling technologies is still required for the development of more efficient and low fuel-burn gas turbines. Among several turbine cooling methods excluding thermal barrier coating (TBC), film cooling can be ranked as the most promising one because of the fact that the cooling air covers the turbine vane/blade surface so that it can prevent direct contact of the hot gas to the turbine surface, reducing the net heat flux into the turbine metal effectively. Accordingly, many relevant studies related to film cooling have been made for several decades to improve the film effectiveness of cooling holes. From various points of view such as cooling performance, manufacturability, cost or sensitivity, Bunker [1] made a thorough evaluation of a number of major methods for the enhancement of film effectiveness, for example various derivatives of fan shaped cooling hole, cratered hole, trench hole and multi-hole. Bunker concluded that rather a simple diffuseror fan-shaped hole still excels most of the newly proposed methods in terms of manufacturability and robustness. Apart from the methods examined Bunker, Funazaki et al. [6] have proposed new methods to achieve considerable improvement of film effectiveness, which employed protrusiontype devices so called Double Flow Control Devices (DFCDs) installed upstream of cooling holes. There are some similar approaches with DFCDs, using protrusion-type objects on the surface (Na et al. [2], Barigozzi et al. [3-4], Sakai et al. [5]), however the concept of DFCD is quite different from those of the precedents. The key point for higher film effectiveness is to control a Counter Rotating Vortex Pair (CRVP), which is created by the ejection of cooling air and responsible for lift-off of the cooling air, causing deterioration of the cooling performance. DFCDs are accordingly expected to generate longitudinal vortices that can counteract CRVP so effectively that even a round hole with DFCDs shows a better cooling performance, hopefully comparable to that of a fan-shaped hole. Funazaki et al. [6] have found from their detailed experimental investigations that the proposed DFCDs Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition GT2017 June 26-30, 2017, Charlotte, NC, USA


Objectives: Discrimination, low social support, and low English proficiency negatively impact the mental health of immigrants. More work is needed to investigate the relationship between these factors and depression in South Asian immigrants. We examined the cross-sectional associations between chronic discrimination, low social support, low English proficiency, and depression in South Asians using data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study. Methods: We fit logistic regression models to evaluate the associations between discrimination, social support, English proficiency, and depression in a sample of 887 South Asian adults. We also explored how discrimination, social support, and language proficiency may interact to synergistically increase the odds of depression. Results: We found that 131 people, or 14.8% of the sample, were depressed. High chronic discrimination and low social support led to a higher odds of depression; low English proficiency was not significantly correlated with depression after adjusting for education. Low English proficiency and low social support interacted synergistically with discrimination: both factors increased the impact of discrimination on the odds of depression. However, these interactions were not statistically significant. English proficiency and social support did not interact to increase the odds of depression. Conclusions: Discrimination and social support are correlated with depression in South Asian immigrants, and discrimination interacts with social support and English proficiency to impact mental health. Given the stressors that South Asians face as immigrants and the growing South Asian community in the United States, it is essential for clinicians to consider work that examines how discrimination, social support, and language proficiency affect the mental health of this population.


On tension structures analysis, form finding is one of the key phrases. It is well known that a proper form finding method leads to a concise and efficient structure analysis process, respecting to the designer's ideas. Two aspects, controlling over the internal stress distribution of structures and structures' shape, are the main criterion for evaluating the efficiency of form finding methods. Thanks to the work of others, the general form finding methods are reviewed and introduced, also compared according to distinguishing the advantages and disadvantages of each form finding methods in this article.


Practicing Feminist Ethics in Psychology is a fascinating book—a wonderfully rich and thoughtful survey of ethical issues of current and critical importance to many areas of feminism and psychology. I found it intriguing because it introduced me to new Ž elds, such as cyberethics (Chapter 7), the issues and politics of expert testimony in battered women and murder cases (Chapter 4) and the case law surrounding hate speech (Chapter 11). It broadened my thoughts about areas outside my own, especially self-disclosure (Chapter 9) and multiculturalism in psychotherapy practice (Chapter 10); and it deepened my considerations in the Ž elds in which I work and live—teaching (Chapter 2, 3, and 8) and research (Chapters 5 and 6). Mary Brabeck and the contributors have succeeded in producing a volume that is simultaneously a survey introduction and update of important areas of ethical inquiry and lived experience and an important resource book. They took their tasks seriously and used their knowledge and thoughtfulness about the shape and practice of feminist ethics, as well as others' research and thought, to create a new higher level of scholarship in its own right. Their re ections, examples and integrations of feminist ideas and practices with specialised areas of psychological theory and practice have created a book that can be a guide to feminist inquiry, work and action. Although this book advances theories and practices of feminist ethics in psychology, it also provides an excellent introduction for the uninitiated. The introduction and Chapter 1 by Brabeck and Kathleen Ting provide an historical perspective, highlight nine central tenets of feminist theory that grew out of the National Conference on Education and Training in Feminist Practice at Boston College, and discuss Ž ve broad themes woven throughout all the chapters. These themes will encourage novitiates to read across disparate areas of psychology, pulling threads from them and pulling those threads together into a cloth of ideas, insights and understanding. As Brabeck and Ting emphasise, the Ž eld of feminist ethics is in its beginning stages; thus given this current and, I believe, rather happy, generative state of affairs, the Ž ve themes are important organisers. The authors (1) build on and build up the assumption that women and their experiences have moral signiŽ cance and that that signiŽ cance can only be maintained, (2) if accompanied by critiques of all oppressions, not only male oppression. They give many examples of (3) how attentiveness to their/our own and others' subjectivities and (4) how


Thrombus precursor Protein is direct former of fibrin in thrombosis with insolubility,of which the increased level indicate the danger of acute thrombosis.It also is attracting more attention because of its higher diagnostic specificity for acute thrombosis.With the further study,thrombus precursor protein is not only used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the common diseases related to thrombosis including acute myocardial infarction,acute brain infarction,deep venous thrombosis,DIC and so on,but also is being used widely in that of the other related diseases.The effect of thrombus precursor protein is attracting more and more attention,which will open up a new prospect for the clinical diagnosis and therapy of related diseases.


Objective To investigate the mechanism of gastrointestinal motility disorder of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) in rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:sham operation(SO) group(n=16) and SAP group(n=16).The gastric antrum interdigestive myoelectric complex(IMC) of rat was recorded by using bipolar silver electrode recording,the concentration of serum motilin(MTL) and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method,and determined the pancreatic pathology score.Results Compared with SO group,the concentration of serum MTL obvious decreased and the concentration of VIP obvious rised in SAP group(P0.01).Compared with SO group,the time of IMC cycle,andⅠand Ⅱ phase were extended,and time of Ⅲ phase was shortened,also the amplitude and frequency of peak electric of Ⅲ phase were declined in SAP group(P0.01).And the concentration of MTL in SAP group showed positive correlation with the time of Ⅲ phase of IMC(r=0.967,P0.01),the concentration of VIP in SAP group showed negative correlation with the time of Ⅲ phase of IMC(r= - 0.592,P0.05).The pancreatic organization pathological score in SAP group was higher than that in SO group(P0.01).Conclusion There is gastrointestinal motility disorder in SAP rats,furthermore,it may induce gastrointestinal motility disorder through effecting the gastrointestinal smooth muscle electrical activity.


The natural resources of Jeju are recognized as the new regional image of that clean island. Reflecting these trends, this study is initiated to develop a textile design with the motive of persimmon, a natural resource of Jeju, and to apply it to infant's and children's clothes. Its purpose is to highlight the image of persimmon, a traditional dye, as a regional signature for Jeju. Product development procedure included, understanding the use of persimmon for fashion products, analyzing Infants' and Children's designer collections over the last three seasons (focused on 2014S/S, 2015S/S, and 2016S/S), and surveying the Children's Clothes market for persimmon dyeing in Jeju. The conclusion was that, the natural resources of Jeju are highly valuable, and should be applied to textile design and apparel products for children. Utilizing Jeju persimmon was actively studied, but, the market for the Jeju persimmon natural - dyeing products is extremely limited. Moreover, the apparel products for infants and children represent old-fashioned styles, despite their higher prices. Therefore, using the formative characteristics of persimmon for each theme was suggested for development of patterns for textile design. Pattern designs were expressed using textured textile screen-printing, embroidery and applique for infants' and children's clothes. In this study, a total of 10 items were prepared as apparel products for infants and children. All items were designed considering mix-and-match, potential, with each other or with regular mass-market products. These results are expected to contribute to highlighting the unique image of Jeju and to help promote fashion culture products.


Science disciplines are experiencing a data avalanche. As a result, scientific research is limited by data analysis and visualization capabilities. We have been working closely with genomic and plasma physics researchers on effective data visualization software tools. This paper reports our research on developing software tools for high-resolution display walls to alleviate the current limitation on visualization resolution and single-user window system. In the first case, we developed a novel data visualization tools for genomic data visualization that is dynamic and scale free. In the second case, we have developed a multi-cursor window system for shared data visualization for a collaborative environment. We have deployed both software tools to the scientific researchers. Our initial feedbacks show that these approaches have made significant impact on their productivity.


Market failure and governance failure cause industrial pollution increasingly rampant.Industrial pollution seriously endangers people's lives and health,and breaches the principle of reasonable costing.Industrial pollution treatment needs to establish a correct view of the cost,encourage enterprises to implement green production,establish long-term and comprehensive environmental monitoring mechanism,and ensure citizens effectively participating in environmental affairs.


This special journal issue was devised to solicit original manuscripts on current research findings, review studies, or conceptual papers pertaining to clinical or community level interventions, innovative treatment approaches, and discussions of cross-cultural issues pertinent to reducing ethnic disparities while improving care provided to patients with depression. Envisioning a collection of quality studies that encompassed a range of diverse topics reflecting the complexity of this issue, we broadly sought papers on areas including, but not limited to health beliefs, stigma, the care-seeking process, genetics and pharmacodynamics, financial barriers or other access problems, informal sources of care, healthcare reform and policy implications for mental health parity, the contribution and burden of medical comorbidities and care coordination, therapeutic alliance and cultural views of clinical power dynamics, unique issues regarding age, gender, and religious or sexual orientation, treatment retention and medication adherence, familial or social dynamics, specific treatment modalities, and special concerns of community patients and large insured populations alike.


Steadfast Oceaneering, Inc. recently performed a successful search operation for a South African Airways 747 aircraft that had crashed in the Indian Ocean. Using a special deep ocean sonar system, the Steadfast search team located the aircraft in less than 14 hours of sonar search in water depths of over 4400 meters. Steadfast is the prime contractor for search operations for the U.S. Navy's Supervisor of Salvage office. The tiny island of Mauritius served as the base of operations for mobilization and deployment o f all search assets. This is believed to be the deepest successful search operation on record-deeper even than the TITANIC operation of 1986.


In view of the single curvature of cylindrical conformal array antenna,the array output data model for cylindrical conformal array is established.Based on rank-reduction estimator(RARE),subspace principle and well-designed configuration of elements on cylindrical carriers,the decoupling method for elevation,azimuth angles and polarization parameters of sources is implemented,and the 2D direction of arrival(DOA) is estimated by means of one-dimensional search and solution of equations without the exact knowledge of source polarization.In case of coherent sources,the decorrelation solution is presented for cylindrical conformal array.Finally,a blind DOA estimation algorithm for cylindrical conformal array with respect to polarization diversity is proposed.The new method can be applicable to independent and coherent sources,and achieve high-resolution paired 2D(DOA) estimation with low computational burden and no need for parameter matching.Computer simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Industrial civilization has disturbed personal inner peace and pushed the utilitarianization to the extreme while bringing about abundant material and convenience. This utilitarianization is outstanding in the Chinese style education. Its value orientation would result in one's flippancy and blind indulgence instead of benevolence and aesthetics. In the advent of knowledge-based economy and social transition,life education is urgently needed to be reoriented. The present study argues that a life-based primary education calls for the construction of teachers and students' correct views on value and instruction to revitalize the campus spiritual paradise and guide the society upward to a promising future.


The invention relates to a dialkoxyl magnesium carrier, which is a product produced by reflux reaction of magnesium, an alcohol and mixed halogenating agents under an inert atmosphere. The mixed halogenating agents are iodine and magnesium chloride, and the weight ratio between iodine and magnesium chloride is 0.05:1-1:0.01. The dialkoxyl magnesium carrier is spheroid, its particle size distribution is uniform, the particle morphology is excellent and the bulk density is high. A solid catalyst component and a catalyst based on this carrier for olefin polymerizationare also provided, and olefin polymer having wide molecular weight distribution, good stereoregularity, excellent particle morphology and low content of fine powder can be obtained.


Surface deformation is a slow and irreversible change. It is impacted by topographic, geologic and human activities. To investigate the spatial distribution of surface deformation in Lanzhou, we used PS-InSAR technique. PS-InSAR is a remote sensing method that can be used to detect surface deformation: an indicator of potential hazards. By capturing these deformations over a period of time, we can get valuable information about impending geohazards, such as landslides. This study focused on using this technique to investigate the distribution and cause of surface deformation in the region around Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu Province, China.


Abstract : Distributed enterprise systems consist of a collection of interlinked services and components that exchange information to collectively implement functionality in support of (sometimes mission critical) workflows. Systematic experimental testing and continuous runtime monitoring of these large scale distributed systems, including event interpretation and aggregation, are key to ensuring that the system s implementation functions as expected and that its security is not compromised


Introduction was made to the principle of ZH-XQB series electromagnetic coils protection device,main functions of the protection device and anti-interference test contents described and the application scope listed. The results prove that functions of time-limited powerdown and counter electromotive force in the device can effectively protect not only switching-in and switching-off coils of high-voltage circuit breaker,but also electromagnetic valve coils.


A non-destructive evaluation procedure for identifying defects using finite element (FE) model updating based on natural frequencies is presented in this paper. Welded structures that are intended to represent a common configuration used in automotive body construction are investigated. The first procedure is to find the measured natural frequencies of both benchmark and defective structures, by carrying out the experimental modal analysis (EMA). Then, the FE model of the benchmark structure is developed and updated by modifying some design parameters from their initial values. FE modelling is accomplished with MSC NASTRAN and the FE model updating procedure is performed using the NASTRAN optimisation code (SOL200). Next, appropriate defects on the defective structure are observed by performing a visual inspection. Information from the visual inspection and the updated benchmark model is incorporated when modelling the defective structure, followed by the FE model updating procedure to identify the defect parameters.


INTRODUCTION: Exploiting biomimetic properties of biomaterials is an attractive strategy in developing cell-regulating signals for tissue engineering applications. An important consideration in choosing a biophysical property to mimic is the observation that the in vivo extracellular milieu includes nanoscale topographic interfaces. For instance, bone is a composite structure filled with nanostructured entities, e.g., type-I collagen forms fibrillar bundles having 5-10 nm deep striation patterns every 67 nm and 50×25×4 nm sized hydroxyapatite crystals are embedded in collagen bundles. Thus, bone cells in vivo experience a unique nanostructured environment and mimicking this may provide biomimetic signals that may, if replicated in vitro, direct cell function. We developed physical signals from nanotextured surfaces produced by polymer demixing [1,2] that form nanotopographies having randomly distributed islands or pits with 10-100 nm scale heights or depths, respectively. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that the scale of nanopit texture regulates integrin mediated focal adhesion and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) of human fetal osteoblastic (hFOB 1.19) cells.


Tests were conducted on a test bench to study how performances of a cornstalk macerator are influenced by its main working parameters. The results show that straight blades' disposition has higher smashing quality as blades' rotatory speed is low,and its power consumption is also higher; raising blades' speed or increasing rows of fixed blade can obviously improve smashing quality.


PURPOSE: A light-emitting diode package and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to reduce manufacturing costs by electrically interlinking a bond pad and a solder ball through UBM and omitting wire bonding. CONSTITUTION: A light emitting diode(110) comprises a passivation layer(115) which is formed in the lower side(112) of a bond pad(114). The light emitting diode comprises UBM(Under Bump Metallurgy)(116) which is formed in the bond pad. The UBM electrically interlinks the bond pad and a solder ball(170). An encapsulation part(120) surrounds the upper side(111) and side(113) of the light emitting diode. The encapsulation part comprises fluorescent substances. A first dielectric layer covers the outer circumferential side of the bond pad and is formed in the lower side of the light emitting diode. A re-wiring layer is electrically connected to the bond pad and is formed on the first dielectric layer. A second dielectric layer covers a part of the re-wiring layer.


In the context of economic development since the 1990s, but also in the current economic crisis and dilemma, an analysis of the role of musical art in the coming 20 years is an exciting topic. This study aims to provide a perspective from the point of view of future music projects institutional in a favorable economic environment but also in terms of future changes on the economic and financial background less friendly to the historic area of Banat. Defined as an economic zone with a real success, the Banat Regional pole offers a positive perspective of contemporary musical arts. At the same time it offers the possibility of managerial and institutional changes, based on current research and studies of socio-economic impact made by doctoral thesis at West University of Timisoara, Faculty of Music.


A new adaptive actuator failure compensation control scheme is developed, using a multi-layer multiple-model and switching approach, for effective and faster compensation of failure uncertainties, and improvement of system transient performance. A basic-layer multiple-model adaptive compensation control structure is first developed to ensure effective failure compensation, by using a set of basic multiple adaptive controllers, each designed for one failure pattern from a failure pattern set. Then, a multi-layer multiple-model adaptive control scheme is employed to improve system transient performance, using multiple groups of adaptive controllers. Each group is designed by expanding each basic controller structure to a set of subgroups of controllers, with controllers from different subgroups initialized from different parameter subregions, and controllers within each subgroup updated by different adaptation gains. A control switching mechanism is designed based on cost functions formed from tracking error related estimation errors, and selects the applied control input from the multiple control signals, which corresponds to the minimal cost function. Simulation results from an aircraft flight control example are presented to show the desired system performance despite the presence of uncertain actuator failures.


Research in non-volatile memories (NVM) has intensified in the past few years due to the ever increasing demand for information storage and the near ubiquity of handheld electronics. Resistive memory is a leading contender in this NVM market due to its high endurance, random accessibility, scalability and low programming voltage. The addition of an external series resistor or imposing current compliance is often used to limit the current through RRAM devices and to prevent "over-programming" and stuck-at-one (SA1) errors. Here, we demonstrate that utilizing an external series resistor is not efficient in preventing over-programming and an on-chip resistor is more desirable. Poly-silicon bottom electrode based devices (with the poly-silicon electrode acting like an on-chip resistor) and metal bottom electrode devices were fabricated and tested. The presence of the on-chip resistor is shown to enhance the endurance of the RRAM device. This technique of including an on-chip resistor prevents stored current discharge through the device as the device transitions from a high resistance to a low resistance state. A SPICE simulation is also employed to illustrate the benefit of this approach.


Abstract The reaction of 1-butene and isobutene with ammonia has been investigated, far from thermodynamic equilibrium, in the pressure range 1–6 MPa over a series of acidic zeolites. The kinetics are compatible with a Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism involving adsorbed species. The rates of amination increase with the Si/Al ratio of the solid. A small influence of the zeolite structure is noticed on the relative adsorption coefficients in the case of 1-butene but not in that of isobutene. The catalytic activity calculated per proton is higher on MFI than on BEA or HY zeolites, but this effect of the structure is less than an order of magnitude. Under the conditions of reaction used in this work large pore zeolites show a good resistance to deactivation. It is proposed that deactivation is mainly due to the formation of strongly basic polyalkylamines and not to coke.


String music education in the United States is traditionally plagued by low student enrollment and high attrition rates (Gillespie and Hamman 1997; Solly 2002). Exacerbating the crisis is a fundamental paradigm, which at best accepts inequality of opportunity, and at worst encourages it. Accordingly, solutions to low student enrollment in string education must address the issue of inequality within and among music programs. I will suggest that musical segregation by socioeconomic status (SES) exists within public school orchestra programs. is dilemma leads one to question whether or not music really is for everyone (Phillips 2003; Bates 2012). Despite the wealth of research regarding SES and musical participation, there still exists issues within our public schools regarding equal opportunities for the nancially de cient. Every step of the musical path is more di cult for students from a low-SES background and the disparity between classes increases at every new stage of student development (Stearns and Glenie 2010; Eitle and Eitle 2002; McNeal 1998; Mickza 2007). A study on American music programs across public schools suggested SES to be a strong predictor for the presence of a string program (Albert 2006). is study found that within the United States, only 4 percent of school districts catering to low SES communities even o ered a strings program. is would suggest that a child from a low SES school district with the desire to learn how to play a string instrument would have to either be enrolled in one of the rare low SES schools with a string program or would have to nd an instrument, lessons, and perhaps even an ensemble independently. is is no small task for a young student, especially one with limited resources. While things may have changed in the past ten years, research suggests that there is still limited music participation from low-SES students (Elpus and Abril 2011; Bates 2012).


Nodules and xenocrysts dominated by high-Al orthopyroxene (HAO) occur in strongly chilled Proterozoic basaltic dikes which cut the Nain anorthosite complex, Labrador. HAO (En 73-68, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ = 6.5-4.5) lacks exsolution; it occurs both as anhedral xenocrysts up to 10 cm in diameter and with euhedral plagioclase (An55) in ophitic nodules. Rarely, olivine occurs with HAO and Al-spinel with plagioclase. Scarce Fe-rich nodules contain: (1) opx + pig, (2) aug + pig, and (3) coarsely exsolved ulvospinel. Pyroxene pairs yield T's of 1250 to 1170/degree/C, whereas coexisting lamellae in exsolved ulvospinel yield T's between 1145 and 1120/degree/C, with fO/sub 2/ near the WM buffer. If all nodules came from a similar depth, the rare occurrence of olivine with plagioclase suggests a maximum pressure of about 11 kb. The high subsolidus T's of the nodules contrasts with the low T of the host anorthosites at the time of dike emplacement and hence indicates a deep source for the nodules. HAO is nearly identical in composition to the high-Al orthopyroxene megacrysts with exsolved plagioclase (HAOM) found in most Proterozoic anorthosites. Many nodules of plagioclase and HAO also have textures comparable to ophitic occurrences of HAOM in anorthosite. Rafting of cotectic nodulesmore » from the lower crust could explain occurrences of HAOM in shallow-level anorthosites. The nodules and xenocrysts are samples of lower crustal cumulates. Their compositions suggest that they were produced by magmas similar to those that were parental to the anorthosites. They lend support to models which derive anorthosites by fractional crystallization of basaltic magma.« less


Received 26th April 2011, Accepted 22nd June 2011DOI: 10.1039/c1ce05494eWe have built long-range ordered, one-dimensional (1D) nanorods by self-assembly of zinc porphyrinderivatives through axial coordination with oxygenated ligands on different noble-metal surfaces. Thestructures were studied by a combination of Variable-Temperature Scanning-Tunnelling Microscopy(VT-STM), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Density Functional Theory (DFT)calculations. The combined morphological, chemical and theoretical results demonstrate that the zincatoms at neighbouring porphyrin molecules are coordinatively linked through oxygen-containingspecies, most probably water, leading to an adsorption geometry in which the porphyrin planes areperpendicular to the substrate plane, and the polymers are lying parallel to the surface.


Gas phase synthesis of titania from titanium tetrachloride (Ticl 4 ) oxidation in the presence of dopants (SiCl 4 and POCl 3 ) was systematically investigated in an aerosol reactor as a function of temperature (1300–1700 K) and dopant concentration (0–15 mole % of TiCl 4 ). The particle morphology was dramatically altered in the presence of dopants from polyhedral to spherical. Energy dispersive analysis indicated that the powders were homogeneous and that the dopants were not segregated at the surface or at the grain boundaries. Lattice parameter measurements from X-ray diffraction indicated that the dopant oxide was present in solid solution in titania. While titania synthesized in the absence of dopants was ∼80% anatase, the introduction of Si 4+ and P 5+ resulted in greater than 98 % anatase. The effects of foreign ions on titania phase composition, aggregate size and gas phase coalescence are explained by the creation of oxygen vacancies and reduction/enhancement of the titania sintering rates.


COMPOSITION LAXATIVE. IT INCLUDES THE LACTULOSE AND RANGE OF AGENT AND OCCURS IN THE FORM OF A JELLY. DRUG LAXATIVE.


By 1984 companies manufacturing photovoltaics had been doing serious business making low cost solar arrays for twelve years. Grid connected systems of megawatt size are operating in California, and more are on the drawing board. At least six companies in the USA have produced thin film cells of over ten percent and more are working in the field. New short term goals for thin film efficiency in the twelve to fifteen percent range promise to challenge the single crystal silicon cell which has dominated the business since 1972. ARCO Solar believes that a new class of ULTRA GENERATORS twenty percent efficient and selling for two dollars per peak watt can be deployed by utilities in the 1990's.


In this study, two protein extraction methods, Tris-HCl/TCA-Acetone and PEG Fractionation, were compared with 2-DE using the leaves of radish line 'NAU-JLQX09'. It was shown that with the Tris-HCl/TCAAcetone method, the number of protein spots that could be identified by 2-DE profile was 640, while with the modified PEG Fractionation method, the number of protein spots identified in three fractions (F1, F2 and F3) by 2-DE were 537, 170 and 852, respectively. Moreover, the major high-abundant proteins like ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) in leaves were successfully fractioned in F2, indicating that a wide variety of low-abundant proteins could be detected in F3. Therefore, it could be concluded that the 2-DE profile with the PEG Fractionation method was more effective than that with the Tris-HCl/TCA-Acetone method. These results provided an effective proteomic technical support to elucidate the molecular basis of some important agronomic traits using proteomic technique in radish. Keywords Radish (Raphanus sativus L.); Leaf protein extraction; Proteomics; 2-DE


The nanosized channels of SBA-15 molecular sieves were used as template and arsenano-III (ASA-III) was trapped inside the SBA-15 molecular sieves by means of liquid grafting method. The prepared nanocomposite materials were characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction, low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption and solid diffuse reflectance absorption spectra. The powder X-ray diffraction indicated the structure of the (SBA-15)-(ASA-III) still remains two-dimensional hexagonal mesostructrure. The low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption research showed that the ASA-III was present on the inner surface and partially occupied the channels of the molecular sieve. The UV-Vis solid state diffuse reflectance absorption spectra of the prepared composite materials showed the steroconfinmment effect of the host SBA-15 channels on the guest ASA-III and the guest was in the channels of the SBA-15 host. Luminous spectra showed that the prepared (SBA-15)-(ASA-III) nanocomposite materials have the investigating optical properties.


The problem of stability analysis and control for consisting of a class of multiple subsystem of switched systems with time-delay are studied,sufficient conditions of switched system asymptotic stability are given be using linear matrix inequality.Condition of asymptotic stability of the switched systems and design technique of the switch laws by using multiple lyapunov function were given.Design technique based on multiple Lyapunov Function can be expressed as linear matrix inequalities.The corresponding linear matrix inequalities based algorithms for determining stability bounds were derived.The switch laws and the maximum perturbation to ensure system stability can be calculated.The switched system consisting of multiple subsystems is simulated.The simulation results show effectiveness of the methods.


The pair of papers of which this is the first presents some of the commonest methods for calculating long-wave radiation heat exchange in a room. Paper I covers the theory behind the various methods. These vary in complexity from accurate calculation of view factors with multiple inter-reflections between surfaces to simple, non-geometric methods using fixed heat transfer coefficients. Paper II presents a set of tests which were developed to allow a comparison of the performance of these algorithms with an analytically exact method. The results of these tests are shown, the main conclusion being that in many cases it is possible to use a non-geometric model without significant loss of accuracy. A more accurate method is required in cases of low surface emissivity or large temperature differences between surfaces. The importance of internal long-wave radiation to the overall energy balance of typical houses was tested, and the results presented in Paper II. If no account is taken of long-wave exchange (dis...


PUSTEKKOM help desk serves as a solution in dealing with existing problems, especially a LAN (Local Area Network) and related issues Hardware damage. At present, handling of problems that occur at LAN PUSTEKKOM still not good, because uncontrolled process of improving LAN network connection and coordination with Household field that requires time, thus making staff did not complete their tasks and cause existing damage. Lack of Help Desk system that provides reports PUSTEKKOM KEMENDIKNAS systematically. All registration statements, monthly reports and calculation of the problem is still carried out manually. This can give a negative impact, namely: there are problems that are at risk noted repeatedly, a problem which was not recorded because of busy telephone operators in receiving, the calculation of the problem is not accurate because it is done manually and the need for the Head of IT to wait to get the desired report. From this problem the authors make a monitoring system that integrates well so that accessing data on the help desk can be done easily and quickly in order to measure the level of problems as well as accessing the report by the Head of IT, and problems can be handled properly. In searching needs, systems development is done through data collection method with observation, interview by the Help Desk PUSTEKKOM KEMENDIKNAS and literature review of various sources of information. Development of system used the method SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) with Waterfall strategy. This system can provide monitoring information that can monitor each and every problem that occurs, providing accurate information in evaluating the results of the report and to know the trend level of the problems of each and every problem that occurred.


The output buffer one kind of TFT-LCD for the display device (100) comprises a push-pull output stage, the push-pull output stage having a first device (Mp) for supplying current to the output terminal (Vout) and for the extracting the second output of device current (Mn). Coupling a first preamplifier (101) for driving a first device to provide a current to the output terminal of the buffer input terminal (Vin). A second preamplifier (102), coupled to a driving current extraction from a second output of the input device; a first shift amount to the first switchable preamplifier (101) about the second shift switch the amount of the second preamplifier (102) related. Switchable current source (Ip) for supplying current to the output terminal and a switchable current sink (In) for extracting a current from the output terminal. Φ1 for activating a first switching input offset and the switchable current source can be switched, and the complementary input switch for activating the second switching φ2 shift amount and the switchable current sink.


Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of IL-10+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in gastric cancer. Background: Due to the plasticity and diversity of TAMs, it is necessary to phenotypically and functionally classify subsets of TAMs to better understand the critical role of TAMs in cancer progression. TAMs expressing interleukin-10 (IL-10) have been found to facilitate immune evasion in many malignancies, but the role of IL-10+ TAMs in gastric cancer remains obscure. Methods: Four hundred and sixty-eight tumor tissue microarray specimens, 52 fresh tumor tissue samples of gastric cancer patients from Zhongshan Hospital, and data of 298 gastric cancer patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. IL-10+ TAM level and immune contexture were examined by CIBERSORT, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Clinical outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox model. Results: Gastric cancer patients with high IL-10+ TAM infiltration exhibited poor prognosis and inferior therapeutic responsiveness to fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. IL-10+ TAM infiltration yielded an immunoevasive tumor microenvironment featured by regulatory T cell infiltration and CD8+ T cell dysfunction. The combinational analysis of IL-10+ TAM and CD8+ T cell infiltration stratified patients into distinct risk groups with different clinical outcomes. Moreover, IL-10+ TAM infiltration was correlated with tumor-intrinsic characteristics including EBV status, PD-L1 expression, and genome stability in gastric cancer. Conclusions: This study revealed that IL-10+ TAMs might drive an immunoevasive microenvironment and determine poor prognosis and inferior therapeutic responsiveness to fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy, indicating IL-10+ TAMs could be applied as a potential target for immunotherapeutic approach in gastric cancer.


Few reports have described anesthetic management for inclusion body myositis(IBM). A 76-year-old man suffering from dysphagia due to IBM underwent jejunostomy under general and epidural anesthesia. The trachea was intubated without using a muscle relaxant. The surgery was completed uneventfully. After confirming full recovery of spontaneous breathing, the trachea was extubated and he was transferred to the ward. On postoperative day 2, the patient developed aspiration pneumonia, which was successfully treated using antibiotics. Considering both this experience and previous case reports of inflammatory myopathies, we recommend using a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant during tracheal intubation. Intubation under stable conditions using these drugs may reduce the risk of aspiration during the procedure, thus minimizing the risk of postoperative pneumonia. Promotion of deep breathing and effective coughing by adequate postoperative analgesia, as well as prevention of aspiration pneumonia appear important in patients with IBM.


: That Article presents part of an research of master's degree that was elaborated, applicated and analyzed an training program of use of eye tracking as dispositive access to computer to students with neuromuscular diseases, checking the effects about the motor performance. The research characterizes as experimental with outline as subject unique as type A-B-A. The resource variety where accurate, reaction time,moviment time and error, measured by the softwares Discrete Aiming Task 2.0,Tracking Task 2.0 and Single Switch Performance Test 1.0. The results demonstrate positive changes on motor perfomance, except on error frequency, that raised proportionally to the percentage of moving time, showing an positive relation between the variants, on the demanding of the task. It oncludes that the training program raised up the motor performance of the student that used eye tracking, giving independency to the source on school ambient. Enfermedades de ojos.


Abstract This article presents an efficient divisible blind signature scheme that makes it possible to divide a blind signature with a specified value into a sequence of subsignatures with smaller values for a sequence of different designated verifications. In the proposed scheme every signature can be divided into subsignatures with arbitrary positive values as long as the total value of them is equal to the specified value of that signature. Furthermore, no time-consuming operations such as modular exponentiation operations and inverse computations are required for a user to obtain and verify a divisible blind signature in the protocol. In particular, the proposed scheme can be applied to many interesting communication services, such as anonymous scoring services, divisible electronic cash systems, and multi-recastable voting protocols.


His Honour reviewed the whole apprenticeship system in great detail to ascertain whether enough skilled tradesmen are forthcoming to provide for the needs of an expanding economy. He found that, in spite of a vigorous immigration programme and upgrading of semi-skilled workers, the supply of skilled tradesmen did barely meet the demand, let alone the expected increased demand of the next decade. Changes in technology alone would account for an upsurge in the demand for highly skilled tradesmen which would not be met by the number of apprentices at present entering various industries. He analyzed the position in the three best-documented trades-metal, building and printing-as well as in government departments and statutory bodies but the findings can be generalized. His Honour stressed that apprenticeship is by far the best way to train skilled tradesmen and concluded his report with a number of recommendations which in his opinion should make apprenticeship more attractive to potential apprentices and employers alike. He found that there is by and large a considerable interest by youth in apprenticeship, but that in general a reasonably high supply of applicants is


This article represents symposium remarks made by Dean Starr as a participant in the 2004 Allen Chair Symposium at the University of Richmond Law School. The symposium topic was the independence of the judiciary, and Dean Starr's remarks concern the Senate's process of advice and consent to judicial nominations. Dean Starr discusses the Senate's questioning of Supreme Court nominees regarding issues that may come before the Court and the nominees' resistance to answering such questions on the grounds that such questions intrude upon judicial independence. Dean Starr specifically looks at statements made by Justices Kennedy, Souter, and Breyer, refusing to answer certain questions asked in their confirmation hearings, and at Justice O'Connor's refusal to opine on the Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade. Dean Starr points to the critical differences between judicial decision making and legislative politics. He argues that nominees must exercise modesty and restraint in professing opinions on matters that may come before them and that the Senate should respect such restraint.


Probability Models - Random Variables and Distributions - Expectation - Sampling Distributions and Limits - Statistical Inference - Likelihood Inference - Bayesian Inference - Optimal Inferences - Model Checking - Relationships Among Variables - Advanced Topic - Stochastic Processes - Appendices: - 1. Mathematical Background - 2. Computations - 3. Common Distributions - 4. Tables - Index


There has been surprisingly little written about the standing army or spāda of Achaemenid Persia, even though its most well-recognized formation, the so-called Immortals, is a staple of modern accounts of the Persian Wars.1 Indeed, it emerges that o ur understanding of the infantry units of this ostensibly familiar period of Persian history is surprisingly patchy. For the most part, it is derived from rather uncritical interpretations of Herodotus' account of Xerxes' attempted invasion of Greece in the early fifth century B.C., in addition to the historians of Alexander the Great, and Arrian in particular. This article seeks to shed further light on the body of Persian infantry commonly referred to as the Immortals (ἀθάνατοι), which unit, perhaps most famous for its involvement at Thermopylae (480 B.C.),2 is normally presumed to have been 10,000 strong and seems to have disappeared in the aftermath of Xerxes' defeat (post 479 B.C.).3 It also looks at the elite unit


The aim of this research was to study an effect of additives of various porous carbons to coal blends thermally decomposed in inert atmosphere. The studies were performed on coal blends that were characterized by settled content (50wt%) of the very good coking coal from the Zofiówka mine. The remaining part of every blend consisted of the worse coking coals and very porous carbons, e.g., coke, carbonized both bamboo and yucca. Five Polish bituminous coals of rank ranging from about 75 up to 90wt% of carbon content were collected from the Janina, Krupi ń ski, Szczyg ł owice, Jas-Mos and Zofiówka mines. All mines are located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). The coke additive was manufactured at the coking plant Zdzieszowice from coal supported by the Bielszowice mine ( CRI =70.95%, CSR =24.80%). The carbonization products of bamboo and yucca were obtained by pyrolysis at 400  C, in inert atmosphere. Content of porous carbon in a blend did not exceed 20wt%. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used in the study. The weight loss during pyrolysis, and storage/loss elastic modulus measured as a function of increasing temperature were related to kind and the concentration of additives. Distinct influence of kind of the porous carbon additive on the thermal decomposition of coal blends was observed.


A new ion transport code for planetary ionospheric studies has been developed with consideration of velocity differences among ion species involving ion-ion collision. Most of previous planetary ionosphere models assumed that ions diffuse through non-moving ion and neutral background in order to consolidate continuity and momentum equations for ions into a simple set of diffusion equations. The simplification may result in unreliable density profiles of ions at high altitudes where ion velocities are fast and their velocity differences are significant enough to cause inaccuracy when computing ion-ion collision. A new code solves explicitly one-dimensional continuity and momentum equations for ion densities and velocities by utilizing divided Jacobian matrices in matrix inversion necessary to the Newton iteration procedure. The code has been applied to Martian nightside ionosphere models, as an example computation. The computed density profiles of , and differ by more than a factor of 2 at altitudes higher than 200 km from a simple diffusion model, whereas the density profile of the dominant ion, , changes little. Especially, the density profile of is reduced by a factor of about 10 and its peak altitude is lowered by about 40 km relative to a simple diffusion model in which ions are assumed to diffuse through non-moving ion background, . The computed effects of the new code on the Martian nightside models are explained readily in terms of ion velocities that were solved together with ion densities, which were not available from diffusion models. The new code should thus be expected as a significantly improved tool for planetary ionosphere modelling.


Physical examinations, diagnostic procedures, and surgery are just as important in the care of the cancer patient as they ever were, hut greater discrimination and care in their performance are called for, now that evidence shows that such manipulation may release cancer cells into the bloodstream.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used for various monitoring tasks. Their utilizations in remote areas, where battery replacement is not feasible, require extending the network lifetime. A modified version of the popular Collection Tree Protocol (CTP) is presented - the Lifetime Improved CTP (LICTP). It is shown that the LICTP's achieved lifetime for the evaluated scenario increases by a factor of 2.55 and for actual real world cases can get, for the defined scenario, up to 7 years.


Optimization of non-linear performance functionals subject to constraints is a typical problem in control and there exist many diierent optimization methods. These methods, however, can take a long time to converge to optimal solutions. This paper presents a modiied interior point algorithm that optimizes a class of performance func-tionals possessing both linear and non-linear characteristics. The optimization is an alternating minimization (AM) of the linear and non-linear characteristics. The algorithm presented, based upon typical interior point methods from Linear Programming, is fast, requiring O(p n) iterations to nd a local optimum, and computationally ee-cient requiring O(n 3:5) computations to solve the problem. Conditions are speciied for the non-linear optimization to guarantee convergence of the algorithm to local optima. Results are presented demonstrating the rates and convergence to local minima. These AM methods are useful in the design of distributed supervisory controllers for large scale systems.


The main aim of this study is to find the effect of Specific asanas on the Stress of 12 to 16 years school children. Considering the mentioned objective, 40 students of BIPS, Bagalkot , Karnataka State are selected as cases for this study and they are randomly divided into training group and controlling group. The first group, participated in Specific asanas training process that continued 8 weeks, while; the latter group did not participate in any exercise programs and continued with their daily activities.


There is little data relating to the prevalence and role of systemic and local antibody to Giardia lamblia (GL) antigens in mothers and children living in different environments. We obtained human milk and serum specimens from mothers and children living in Dacca, Bangladesh, Baltimore (MD) Houston (TX) and Mexico City. We compared the prevalence and levels of milk IgA and serum IgG antibodies to GL in the different populations by means of an ELISA assay utilizing purified antigens from cultured GL organisms. We found that 101/104 (97%) mothers living in Bangladesh, 22/26 (84%) mothers living in Maryland 9/17 (52%) mothers living in Texas and 23/37 (67%) mothers living in Mexico had detectable levels of milk IgA antibody to GL. The levels (geometric mean +/- SD) of antibody in the milk samples from mothers in Bangladesh (11.25 +/- .16μg/ml) and Mexico (17.69 +/- 1.22 μg/ml) were significantly greater than the levels detected in the women living in Maryland (1.78 +/- 1.11μg/ml) or Texas (1.70 +/- .097 μg/ml). In terms of total milk IgA, the IgA directed at GL in Bangladesh (1.54%) and Mexico (3.20%) were significantly greater than the corresponding percentages in Maryland (0.59%) and Texas (0.70%). Analysis of serial specimens obtained from lactating mothers over a period of 2 years revealed that most of the mothers had a constant level of antibody, although occasional increases in milk and serum antibody levels were noted. These studies indicate that serum and milk antibodies to GL are widely prevalent throughout the world but that the levels of milk antibody are significantly higher in areas of high exposure to GL.


This contemplate directs to ascertain : the contemplate of economical convalescence procedures from the consequence of Covid 19 during the conformableness amplitude to contemporary conventions look after the needs of as contemplate substantial and considerateness in formulating procedure manufacturing accompanying to the acceleration of the convalescence of MSMEs in the municipality of city which are pretentious by the consequence of the Covid 19 pandemic. classifications of collections in the contemplate these are influential collections and less important collections . The disposition of assembling collections is simple serendipitous sampling, videlicet the disposition euphemistic pre-owned to appropriate a exemplification from the inhabitant in much a course of action that each colleague of the inhabitant has the corresponding fighting chance to be appropriated as a sample. The collections psychoanalysis disposition euphemistic pre-owned is a qualitative psychoanalysis method, videlicet the psychoanalysis cognitive semantics that is supported on the continuance of a semantic communication between the variables continuance studied.


Context. High resolution observations of the 4.67� m stretching vibration of solid CO towards low mass star forming regions show remarkably consistent trends in the component features of the CO ice band. Key questions arising from this analysis point towards the need for a chemical explanation of these phenomena. Aims. To understand and interpret observations of CO ice features by comparing the trends seen in interstellar ice spectra with the physical behaviour of C O in molecular ices under controlled laboratory conditions. Methods. Binary ice mixtures and sequentially deposited layered ices of CO with CO2, CH4, HCOOH and CH3OH, are grown in situ in a high vacuum chamber, on a CsI substrate cooled to 15 K. Fourier transform infrared transmission spectra are recorded as the ices are heated, in 3‐5 K steps, from 15 to 200 K. Systematic trends in the spectroscopy and behaviour of the CO ice are extracted from the data. Results. The spectroscopy of CO changes very little between the pure and layered ice systems; the CO stretching vibration mode is consistently broadened and shifted in the mixed ice spectra. As the ices are warmed, phenomena such as trapping, translational diffusion, desorption, phase separation and phase-changes are seen, with the most signifi cant changes occurring in the mixed ices. Conclusions. We show that for CO-dominated interstellar ices, layered ices are consistently a better laboratory model of interstellar ice mantles at low t emperatures than an intimately mixed ice. Using these results it is possible to predict the degree to which CO molecules may become trapped within various ice mantles upon heating, prior to desorption, thus providing a C-source in interstellar ice mantles for subsequent complex chemistry.


Adsorption of nitric oxide (NO) in the metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL-100(Al) is studied by solid-state NMR. Owing to a modified synthesis, no extraframework benzenetricarboxylate is present on the cost of a small amount of extraframework Al(OH)3 as evident from 27Al, 1H, as well as heteronuclear correlation spectra. Five-coordinated aluminum sites represent about 50% of the aluminum in a dehydrated sample, which remain open for adsorption. With increasing NO loading, a decrease of five-coordinated aluminum with a subsequent increase of six-coordinated aluminum site intensity is found. Additionally, 1H spin–lattice relaxation time T1 is decreasing with an increasing amount of NO, which also supports the NO interaction with the MOF because of the paramagnetism of NO. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data further hint at Al–NO interactions.


Nowadays, online social network has become one of the main tools which people communicate with each other every day. The online users' behavior is a large amount of high dimension data. However, is online and offline behavior the mapping relation? This paper explores whether there is consistency between online and offline behavior using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. The ADMM is becoming more and more popular recently, due to it can solve the problem of large-scale and complex data sets. ADMM was designed to solve the convex optimization problem. It is an iterative method that minimizes the objective augmented Lagrangian function.


It is well known that initially and when preceded by a word that ends with a voiceless sound, German so-called 'voiced' stops are usually voiceless, that intervocalically both voiced and voiceless stops occur and that syllable-final (obstruent) stops are voiceless. Such a distribution is consistent with an analysis in which the contrast is one of [voice] and syllable-final stops are devoiced. It is also consistent with the view that in German the contrast is between stops that are [spread glottis] and those that are not. On such a view, the intervocalic voiced stops arise because of passive voicing of the non-[spread glottis] stops. The purpose of this paper is to present experimental results that support the view that German has underlying [spread glottis] stops, not [voice] stops.