Bordered almost block diagonal systems arise from discretizing a linearized rst-order system of n ordinary diierential equations in a two-point boundary value problem with non-separated boundary conditions. The discretization may use spline collocation, nite diierences, or multiple shooting. After internal condensation, if necessary, the bordered almost block diagonal system reduces to a standard nite diierence structure, which can be solved using a preconditioned conjugate gradient method based on a simple matrix splitting technique. This preconditioned conjugate gradient method is \guaranteed" to converge in at most 2n + 1 iterations. We exhibit a signiicant collection of two-point boundary value problems for which this preconditioned conjugate gradient method is unstable and hence convergence is not achieved. Abstract Bordered almost block diagonal systems arise from discretizing a linearized rst-order system of n ordinary diierential equations in a two-point boundary value problem with non-separated boundary conditions. The discretization may use spline collocation, nite diierences, or multiple shooting. After internal condensation, if necessary, the bordered almost block diagonal system reduces to a standard nite diierence structure, which can be solved using a preconditioned conjugate gradient method based on a simple matrix splitting technique. This preconditioned conjugate gradient method is \guaranteed" to converge in at most 2n + 1 iterations. We exhibit a signiicant collection of two-point boundary value problems for which this preconditioned conjugate gradient method is unstable and hence convergence is not achieved.


Single crystals of nanoporous 12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7) as large as 27 mm in diameter, 120 mm in length, and 207 g in weight have been successfully grown by the Czochralski method. We found that a 2.0% oxygen-containing nitrogen atmosphere and an iridium crucible are the critical factors for success. The crystal ingot exhibited an orange color resulting from the incorporation of Ir4+ ions of ca. 5 × 1017 cm-3, which presumably occupy Ca2+ sites. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the ingot obtatined was a single crystal with few domains.


While working on a system for verticalization and aiding the motion of the disabled, the problem emerged related to evaluation of the effect of individual traits of the users of the system on the obtained characteristics of the actuators. Studies that have been carried out so far, were limited strictly to a case of an ordinary male. The traits of the user will significantly influence operation of the robot, therefore it was decided to carry out studies within a wide range of variability of the basic anthropometric traits. The paper presents a way of determining parameters, which were being changed during the studies, as well as a general structure of the simulation model. Then, a method of computing the energy consumed by the actuators is described, and results of the realized simulation experiments are presented.


This research focuses on the practice of contextualization in teaching Chinese as a foreign language among a cohort of bilingual language teacher-researchers. It aims to extend the prevalent emphasis in the current literature that acknowledges the role of context in language education; however, these research studies primarily give voice to linguistic contexts or relegates context into a static physical space such as 'environment'. This research is grounded in a social constructionism perspective whereby context is regarded as a dynamic relation-building process, or more accurately, a contextualizing process, enabled through various sociocultural activities. The data reveal that the teacher-researchers employed various forms of contextualization in teaching and linked these to particular teaching content through identifiable, purposeful activities, resulting in a variety of students' responses. This research provides an evidence-based understanding of contextualization in CFL teaching for a more sustainable second language education.


This method is characterized in that in a first stage a first receptacle is manufactured, that is lightweight, corresponding to the inner part of the said body, in a second stage a second receptacle is manufactured, that is resistant, corresponding to the outer part of the body, and in a third stage the first receptacle is attached on to the second receptacle, and they are joined peripherally by the edges of the mouths thereof. The first receptacle is to be manufactured advantageously by extruding a foamy material, and the second receptacle by injecting a resin with fibre glass. And the attachment between the first and the second receptacles is made with any conventional system.


Abstract Virtual communities are emerging in many aspects of health activities and widespread in health management. Online health communities offer a virtual system where people with common interest, specific health needs can exchange information and experiences with other people with the same condition as well as getting support from peer and professionals. The objective of this study is to develop an ICT platform enhancing community resident participation involving in the chronic disease prevention and physical activities. The aim of this platform is to promote physical activity of community residents for health promotion and disease prevention goal attainment. Health promotion goals for enhancing physical activity were set by health care professionals based on scientific evidence. Instead of individual plan to set the goal by themselves, the platform offered them tailored goal with their conditions and then suggested them to participate in group shared their physical activity goals. The platform encouraged the active participation of community residents though adherence physical activity of health communities in which they were members.The ICT platform provides a place where community residents with chronic conditions or even healthy people who want to promote their health be able to find an appropriate group for together prevent disease and enhancing physical activity. The platform in the study allowed community residents to develop their own communities and invite other members to participate with them. This online community intended to empower community residents to increase their involvement in their self-management and pushing the active participation in phycial activities. Function such as reminder of activity participating was added. Future study will be conducted to evaluate changes in health promotion self-efficacy, health goal fulfillment, health-related quality of life, and shared decision-making after using the Health Community Platform among community residents. Extensive research initiatives are needed to determine the impact of virtual health communities on patient outcome, the overall process as well as quality and access of care.


This study determined the quality of games students perceived for the game-based materials they develop after they experience playing a mathematics gameboard. The participants in this study were 88 students in 11th-grade Senior High School composed of 40 students in Sohoton General Academic Strand and 48 students in Kanlanuk Technical-Vocational Livelihood, selected through convenience non-random sampling. Through created games by students, it removed the presence of boredom that improved their performance. It impaired other competencies such as retention and automaticity of information from long-term memory. Moreover, students have developed the competitive, cooperative, and meaningful characteristics of the games, which was considered helpful in improving their knowledge based on how they perceived its' characteristics are important to contain in the game, and their confidence to participate in the lessons. Results from the classical item and test analysis spreadsheet revealed that the prior knowledge of the students increased after the interventions were made and implemented. The characteristics of the game were considered helpful to improve students' knowledge and confidence in the lessons. These results have implications for in-depth study and analysis to have conclusive results regarding the influence of the intervention in enhancing students' creativity.


6553 Background: Although the JCOG9501 phase III trial demonstrated that standard D2 plus extended lymphadenectomy (D3) could not improve the survival in cT2b-T4 gastric cancer (ASCO2006 Abs#LBA4015), it is important to examine the variation in the treatment effects for evaluating the generalizability, as written in international statistical guideline (ICH-E9). In addition, investigating the ranges of baseline risks among hospitals gives important information for the standardization of cancer treatment. Methods: Mixed effect models were applied to survival and surgical outcome data for 521 (D2: 263, D3: 258) gastric cancer patients from 23 Japanese hospitals, which were the leading institutions of gastric cancer surgery in Japan. After adjustment with 10 clinicopathological factors, the variation in the treatment effects and the baseline risks among hospitals were estimated. If heterogeneity was identified, we further estimated the Spearman's correlation coefficients between the variation and hospital cha...


This short piece, written for the Northwestern University Law Review Colloquy, responds to Professor Scott Dodson's comment on Bowles v. Russell, titled Jurisdictionality and Bowles v. Russell. Dodson proposes to navigate a path between Justice Thomas's majority opinion and Justice Souter's dissent by embracing Thomas's use of mandatory and Souter's argument for deeming appellate deadlines nonjurisdictional. Considering the systemic, equitable policies underlying Rule 4(a)(6) and the prototypical examples distinguishing jurisdictional rules (those delineating classes of cases) from nonjurisdictional claim-processing rules, this nonjurisdictional alternative makes sense. It is the mandatory aspect of Professor Dodson's proposal that concerns me; it leaves no room for equity absent the mercy of opposing counsel. I thus focus on the inequitable consequences of labeling a rule either jurisdictional or mandatory.


This paper addresses the methodology of reduction of air traffic delay based on integer programming problem., It is assumed that each hub is used as the primary hub airport for the independent.In this paper, we propose the bi-level structure for optimizing the delay recovery: the upper level is the Aviation Operation Center (AOC), which is controlling the hub-to-hub schedule: the lower level is controlled by the Local Hub Operators (LHO), which handle both hub-to-hub and hub-to-spokes schedules. Finally, numerical examples are carried out to show how the proposed method works.


This investigation examined the influence of emotional attributions on the relevance of current feelings to judgments of personal satisfaction. In the first three studies, subjects were led to make different attributions for their naturally occurring feelings and then asked to judge their personal satisfaction. Satisfaction was higher after situational and specific attributions than after general and self-referential attributions, but only in domains that were unrelated to the causes to which subjects attributed their feelings. Study 4 tested whether affective states such as emotions with clearly defined causes are less relevant to judgments of life satisfaction than more diffuse states such as moods. Satisfaction was elevated after a laboratory mood induction only when subjects were led to focus on their moods in ways characteristic of emotional states (by articulating specific causes and labels for their feelings). These studies illuminate the role of emotional attribution in judgments of personal satisfaction.


The article reflects the author's vision of the developing potential of supervisory responsibility towards the professionalization of teacher training university students. Supervisory responsibility is regarded not only as a means of organization of the educational work at the university in relation to the first-year students, but also as a means of development of professional competence of the curators themselves. The experience gained by the Pedagogical Faculty of Tomsk State Pedagogical University is presented in the article, as well as the developed criterion-diagnostic tool for assessing the development of the professional competence of students-curators. We derive the relationship activities of a curator and labor activities of a teacher in accordance with the professional standards of the teacher.


The Sibylline Books played a very central but elusive role in the religious history of the Roman people. Originally, according to the tradition, they consisted of a set of Greek oracles kept by the Romans as one of their holiest texts. The story ran that an old woman offered nine books to King Tarquin (the fifth king, conventionally 616–579 BC) and asked for a price. He refused to buy them at her price; she reacted by destroying three of them and offering the remaining six at the same price; he refused again and she reacted in the same way again, offering the last three for the same price as before. At this point, he was impressed, consulted the priests, and at last realized his mistake, thus agreeing to buy the last three books at her original price.


Injection-induced seismicity poses a significant technical and socio-political risk to subsurface storage and resource engineering systems. A key challenge is to understand the nucleation process bridged between the dynamic rupture and flow-driven poromechanical deformation (quasi-static) and ensure the ability to capture the onset of ruptures. To address this challenge, a hybrid time-step controller was developed in this research. The controller integrates local discretization error and Coulomb friction and is capable of capturing pre-seismic triggering, co-seismic spontaneous rupture, and arrest. Importantly, the controller operates solely on the solution state, eliminating the need for theoretical indicators that may fail to capture transitions under heterogeneous pressure distribution. The controller was implemented using an A Posteriori approach within a mixed discretization scheme that combines the extended finite element method (XFEM) for poromechanics and the embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) for multiphase flow, incorporating implicit Newmark scheme for inertial mechanics and a Lagrange Multiplier approach with a slip-weakening friction model to enforce fracture contact constraints. The results demonstrate that the distribution of the pore pressure profiles along the fault may have an effect on the nucleation size. Overall, this study provides insight into the nucleation process and offers a powerful tool for managing the risk of injection-induced seismicity in subsurface storage and resource engineering systems.

 Induced seismicity is a phenomenon that has become increasingly relevant as human activities such as fracking and wastewater disposal have been linked to earthquakes. One knowledge gap in the understanding of this process pertains to the critical size of a ruptured sliding patch along a fault patch beyond which, spontaneous sliding is to occur (producing considerable seismic events). An understanding of the nucleation process is essential to predicting and managing injection processes. Early laboratory studies of stick-slip shear failures suggest that the nucleation process involves two phases. The first stage entails a slow and longer-term propagation of slip. This may be followed by a sudden transition to the second phase with shorter periods of accelerated slip, where the sliding patch size and velocity accelerate very rapidly. The physical properties of the fault, such as its frictional behavior, and the normal stress acting on it are known to strongly influence this nucleation process (Dieterich, 1978; Okubo and Dieterich, 1984; Ohnaka and Shen, 1999). Reported theoretical and numerical efforts aim to quantitatively understand the nucleation process under idealized conditions. A particular focus has been on deriving an instability criterion for either slip-weakening or rate-and-state friction models (e.g., Campillo and Ionescu (1997); Favreau et al. (1999); Uenishi and Rice (2003); Rubin and Ampuero (2005); Ampuero and Rubin (2008); Kaneko and Ampuero (2011); Latour et al. (2013); Gvirtzman and Fineberg (2021)). According to the driving mechanisms behind the growth of the patch, the derivation of this instability criterion can be divided into two major classes: one is based on linear stability analysis where a stress criterion is applied because the yielding of the contact surface pre-dominates, and another is based on Griffth's criterion with energy consideration when the fracture mechanics takes over. However, the theoretical nucleation size assumes uniform stress distributions and only considers mechanics. Under realistic injection conditions, the fluid pressure field is spatially and temporally variable. This work explores the influence of such complexity on the nucleation process.


The Ghanaian concert party is a form of traveling popular theatre that is a tradition of twentieth-century West Africa.' A cultural hybrid that arose as a direct result of African and European contact, concert parties freely adapted from American minstrelsy and vaudeville, British seaside entertainments also known as concert parties, and Ghanaian storytelling traditions. Beginning in the 1920s, Ghanaian actors trekked the length and breadth of what was then the British Gold Coast colony, performing comedic variety shows featuring an eclectic and irreverent blend of cultural influences. Performers appropriated from American movies, Latin gramophone records, African American spirituals, and Ghanaian asafo and


Cellular automata are discreet mathematical models. They consist of cells; each cell can exist in a limited number of mutually exclusive states, like 0 or 1. The state of each cell at time t is determined by simple rules, based on the states of its neighboring cells. While exploring their relevance to behavioral sciences (McDowell & Popa, 2009) one aspect caught my attention: it seemed that all emerging structures and patterns could be traced back to the first few generations; patterns were evolving, colliding, changing, and disappearing, but no new patterns or structures were emerging from non-patterns (i.e., "uniformity"). In biological systems, novelty is made possible by mutation (Thomas, 1974) – a concept central to my computational work on learning (Popa & McDowell, 2016) and on the emergence of psychological objects and phenomena from changes in neuronal activation states (Popa, 2019). Unlike biological systems, automata are deterministic systems, governed by precise rules. The question examined here was: what if these rules weren't precise? What if every time a cell is created, there's a small probability to make a mistake, to write 0 instead of 1 and vice-versa? I explored this idea in the context of Rule 110 (01101110), an elementary CA notorious for its fascinating properties (Wolfram, 2002). A small amount of mutation – e.g., 0.00005 probability to make mistakes – facilitated the emergence of new patterns and structures, disconnected from the initial conditions. Mutation rates of 0.0001 – 0.0005 produced an abundance of irregular, interacting structures. Mutation rates higher than 1% prevented the emergence of discernible patterns, producing instead an amalgam of ill-defined, organic-looking structures. These results suggested that imperfect automata may provide useful insight on the evolution of non-deterministic systems and on the emergence of novelty – two key topics in machine learning and artificial intelligence.


Based on the cumulative data of scientific research reference values for the central blood pressure and its amplification were proposed in patients with different cardiovascular risk factors. Still, the possibility of its practical implementation in patients of different age groups has not been fully studied. There were examined 132 untreated patients (23 females and 109 males) with uncomplicated essential hypertension, which were divided into 3 groups depending on age (WHO, 2012): I group included 47 patients of the young age, II group - 50 middle-aged patients  and III group – 35 elderly patients. Measurements of central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), SBP amplification (SBP Amp), pulse wave velocity (PWV) were carried out by Arteriograph Tensioclinic (Tensiomed, Hungary). Target-organ damage included LVH which was determined by echocardiographic left ventricular mass index (LVMI), adjusted for body surface (g/m 2 ) or height (LVMI 2,7 ), aortic PWV>10 m/s. It was established that the use of a personalized approach in the examination of patients with arterial hypertension makes it possible to increase the efficiency of diagnosis of hypertensive-mediated subclinical organ damage. So in order to identify impairment of the vascular wall in patients of a young age with hypertension, with overweight and obesity, the reference values of PWV and cSBP in accordance with the age norm should be taken into account. It was particularly in this cohort of patients that the greatest adverse effect of vascular stiffness and body mass index (BMI) on the formation of left ventricular hypertrophy was revealed, while in elderly people it is necessary to use the reference values of cSBP, depending on the degree of hypertension.


Researchers at Germany's Fraunhofer Society have developed a new type of microscanner mirror that integrates with LiDAR to provide autonomous vehicles with boosted 3D vision.


Abstract Investigations were carried out on effect of cathodic and anodic polarization and applied tensile stress on time-to-failure of Types 302 and 304 austenitic stainless steels in MgCl2 under conditions leading to a better reproducibility of experimental results than those usually observed using boiling 42 w/o MgCl2 and uniformly stressed test specimens. Instead, boiling 35 w/o MgCl2 and specimens with a narrow part situated below the liquid level were used. Results show that slight cathodic polarization by an external current stops sec, whereas anodic polarization enhances corrosion. This finding confirms some earlier observations but contradicts another viewpoint concerning the effect of hydride phase formation. For both Types 302 and 304 steels the effect of stress on time to failure is found to differ considerably from typical plots heretofore reported. At loads higher than the yield strength, susceptibility to sec initially increases with stress and then decreases before finally increasing again...


The term "brand" which is defined as a name, term, sign, symbol or special design or some combination of these elements that is instead to identify or differentiate the goods or services of one seller or a group of sellers. But a brand, by definition, has a very small description of a package of value, on which our consumers relies & do same consistently over a period of time. A brand makes a distinction for a product or service from competitive offerings.


In order to present a superior technical and tactic capacity in a consistent way, soccer players must have high levels of physical conditioning, specially aerobic endurance. This article aimed at studying the evolution of the aerobic endurance expressed by means of the maximum oxygen young football players consumed during a fifteen-week training period. Thirty seven young soccer players with an average age ranging from 17,15 – 1,18 years were subjects of this study. The soccer players were subjected to a training program five days a week, twice a day, with training sessions lasting approximately two hours. The study was based on the division of periods proposed by MATVEEV (1986), and it was developed during the preparation time. The soccer players performed the Intermittent YO-YO endurance test proposed by BANGSBO (1994). The results showed that the midfielders, left and right backs, and the central midfielders are the positions that demand more aerobic endurance. In relation to the aerobic changes (VO 2 max), the goalkeepers and the forwards were the positions that presented significant increase. However, all the soccer players, independent on their position, showed a 2.19 to 8.60% improvement. Therefore, by analyzing the results of this study it is possible to conclude that five weeks of training caused important changes in the aerobic endurance (VO 2 max).


Fast food restaurants often attract their target consumers with their taste, price, and level of customer service. Specific dimensions must also be considered when making purchases to attract customers to these restaurants. This study aims to give new entrants in the fast food business a basis for what they should concentrate on to draw in Generation Y customers. 385 participants received an online survey, and descriptive statistics, PLS-SEM, WARP PLS Version 7.0, and SPSS Version 20 were utilized to examine the quantitative data. Results showed that respondents regarded service quality as the most significant factor, meaning it is more important that employees treat them well in a fast food restaurant for them to return from the same restaurant. On the other hand, brand association is not as crucial as the other factors. Nonetheless, it still influences the purchase intention in the industry through the awareness it provides regarding updates on the new entrants to fast food in the Philippines.


A small number of common susceptibility loci have been identified for pancreatic cancer, one of which is marked by rs401681 in the TERT–CLPTM1L gene region on chromosome 5p15.33. Because this region is characterized by low linkage disequilibrium, we sought to identify whether additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could be related to pancreatic cancer risk, independently of rs401681. We performed an in‐depth analysis of genetic variability of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and the telomerase RNA component (TERC) genes, in 5,550 subjects with pancreatic cancer and 7,585 controls from the PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) and the PanScan consortia. We identified a significant association between a variant in TERT and pancreatic cancer risk (rs2853677, odds ratio = 0.85; 95% confidence interval = 0.80–0.90, p = 8.3 × 10−8). Additional analysis adjusting rs2853677 for rs401681 indicated that the two SNPs are independently associated with pancreatic cancer risk, as suggested by the low linkage disequilibrium between them (r2 = 0.07, D′ = 0.28). Three additional SNPs in TERT reached statistical significance after correction for multiple testing: rs2736100 (p = 3.0 × 10−5), rs4583925 (p = 4.0 × 10−5) and rs2735948 (p = 5.0 × 10−5). In conclusion, we confirmed that the TERT locus is associated with pancreatic cancer risk, possibly through several independent variants.


The present invention relates to a ceramic heater disposed in the heating wire, the ceramic substrate is a ceramic heater and the heat of the heating wire is disposed, the ceramic heater comprises a heating wire heating wire arrangement, which is a heating filament wire member extending longitudinally, and two dimensionally in a virtual two-dimensional plane, the two-dimensional plane substantially parallel to the upper surface of the ceramic substrate. Thus, with the conventional three-dimensional wire heating different, which can maintain a uniform heat density and can achieve a rapid temperature rise.


Cyclic voltammetry can be used to investigate the chemical reactivity of species ion via oxidation and reduction process. The purpose of this study is to determine the level energy of high occupied molecule orbital (HOMO) and low unoccupied molecule orbital (LUMO) in polythiophene (PT), Poly (3-thiophene acetic acid) (P3TAA), polypyrrole (PPY) and chlorophyll (Chlo) through oxidation and reduction of molecular ions by cyclic voltammetry method. PT, P3TAA, PPY and Chlo solutions were prepared in a solvent of acetonitrile at the concentration range of 10-2 to 10-4 M. The current-voltage measurements for these solutions are performed using cyclic voltammetry method on input voltage from -2.0 V to 2.0 V. The working electrode used is indium tin oxide (ITO). The result of voltammogram is showed that the activity of PT species were produced three oxidation and one reduction processes. The formal reduction potential, Eo¢ is 0.83 (positive) meaning that oxidation process was dominant. So that the reaction of PT species was exhibited irreversible electrochemical behavior. The reaction of P3TAA species was exhibited reversible electrochemical behavior, where the range value of oxidation, DEpa and reduction, DEpc were in range of 0.825 V to 1.120 V and -0.230 V to 0.131 V respectively. PYY species reaction was exhibited irreversible electrochemical behavior where two oxidation states occur within -0.145 V to -0.202 V and 0.870 V to 1.63 V respectively. The species activity of Chlo was exhibited irreversible electrochemical behavior where only the oxidation process was obviously appeared at range of 0.80 V to 0.95 V. The LUMO energy levels of PT, P3TAA PPY and Chlo were 5.84 eV, 5.34 eV, 1.10 eV and 3.85 eV respectively, while HOMO energy levels of PT, P3TAA PPY and Chlo were 4.61 eV, 4.25eV, 3.70 eV and 5.93 eV. The average value of energy gap of PT, P3TAA, PPY and Chlo were 1.23 eV, 1.08 eV, 2.23 eV and 1.10 eV respectively.


Background and Aims: Following our original discovery of star flowers on grapevines in Australia, further variants of the star flower phenotype have been discovered on other varieties in South Australia. The objective of this report was to describe star flowers on Vitis vinifera L. cvs Chardonnay and Shiraz.

Methods and Results: Field and microscopic observations revealed that star flowers on both varieties opened precociously; there was neither pollen nor pollen tubes on the stigmas of the star flowers, and both Chardonnay and Shiraz star flowers contained aberrant ovules. The Chardonnay vines with star flowers produced bunches with an abundance of seedless berries; however, star flowers on Shiraz vines did not develop into berries.

Conclusions: The inability of the Shiraz star flowers to develop into berries suggests that either there are two different mutations affecting these two varieties, or else the difference lies in their contrasting parthenocarpic tendencies.

Significance of the Study: The star flower variants described here and previously may be the result of deviations to the normal molecular pathway for flower development in Vitis species. The identification of star flowers on numerous varieties and in several different regions suggests that the occurrence of star flowers may be more widespread than previously realised, and the association of star flowers with the production of seedless berries and poor fruitset suggests that star flowers may also play a significant role in the problem of poor fruitset.


Since the isolation of bombesin from frog skin,' this tetradecapeptide has been found to be extremely potent in the production of a wide variety of effects in mammals. The remarkable effects associated with this amphibian peptide in mammals have prompted the search for the existence of bombesin or bombesin homologs in mammalian tissues (see Ref. 2 for a review). By use of radioimmunoassay techniques for amphibian bombesin, mammalian bombesin-like immunoreactivity was found in several tissues, such as, the spinal cord: and gastrointestinal tract.',' In addition, bombesin-like immunoreactivity has been detected in human cerebrospinal fluid: and specific bombesin "receptors" have been located in the rat brain by radioimmunology" and autoradiography ." Characterization of the first mammalian bombesin homolog was accomplished by McDonald et a/.' with the isolation from porcine stomach of a 27 amino acid peptide termed gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) for its effect in the bioassay used for its detection. While different forms of mammalian G R P have been identified, these peptides generally mimic the physiological effects of bombesin. Administration of bombesin to animals has been shown to produce a wide variety of behavioral and physiological effects, particularly after central administration. These effects include inhibition of gastric acid secretion,'* indications of antinociception," the production of hyperglycemia," and changes in therm~regulation. '~ Bornbesin has been found to alter behavior," feeding,16 and respiration." Finally, bombesin has been found to produce significant changes in several areas of visceral function, such as certain activities of the cardiovascular One of the major visceral systems affected by the administration of bombesin is the gastrointestinal tract-urinary bladder. The present report summarizes recent findings of bombesin-induced centrally and peripherally directed changes in gastrointestinal and urinary bladder function.


Azotobacter strains were isolated from paddy soils by serial dilution agar plate method. The colonies were glistening; smooth, slimy, brown to black in morphology on Jenson's N-free agar plates and the cells were Gram- negative bacteria. Biochemically, they were positive for indole production, citrate, catalase and Voges Proskauer test. Further, Nif gene sequence results revealed the presence of seven Azotobacter species. The effect of 1, 3 and 5% pesticides concentration viz., pendimethalin, chloropyrifos, glyphosate and phorate on nitrogen fixation, indole acetic acid, gibberllic acid, phosphate solubilization and bioassay of Azotobacter sp. were studied. Among all the species, GVT-1 strain was found to fix nitrogen at a maximum of 30µgN2 ml-1 day-1, produced highest quantity gibberllic acid (10µg25ml-1) and able to solubilize the phosphate at the rate of 9.8cm by forming the halo zone which was supplemented with 5% phorate. Similarly, GVT-1 strain produced a highest amount of indole acetic acid (31.8µgml-1) in 5% pendimethalin. Further bioassay activities of GVT-1 strain found efficient in increasing the root, shoot length and vigor of the plant. From these results it is clear that the Azotobacter sp. not only produces plant growth promoting substances but is also resistant to different pesticides and is not affected by the bacterial activity.


Aiming at the coating quality problem,a series of measures are taken,including employing professional clean company to undertake cleaning the whole workshop,improving the production processes,replacing materials outside production,strengthening the paint usage monitoring,etc.Results show that the coating quality has been improved,first-time qualification rate has been increased and painting production become stable,while the quality of automotive body can be up to French PSA B155050 4444M444 standard.


It took a year for covid-19 vaccines to be tested and approved for use in children. As countries now reach out to the youngest age group, David Cox reports on the evidence for their effectiveness and deployment


In this article, the dynamic response in a multilayered medium is analyzed by Laplace transform technique. The thickness and material constant in each layer are different. The medium is subjected an uniformly distributed loading at the upper surface, and the bottom surface is assumed to be traction-free. The analytical solutions are presented in the transform domain and the numerical Laplace inversion (Durbin's formula) is performed to obtain the transient response in time domain. The effective material concept is usually used to simplify multilayered media in static analysis. The numerical calculations of the transient responses for randomly distributed, periodically distributed, and continuously distributed multilayered media are performed to investigate if the effective material concept is suitable for dynamic analysis.


talized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study II. N Engl J Med 1991;324:377–384. 3. Oliver D, Hopper A, Seed P. Do hospital fall prevention programs work? A systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48:1679–1689. 4. American Geriatrics Society, British Geriatrics Society, and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Panel on Falls Prevention. Guidelines for the prevention of falls in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49:664–672. 5. Oliver D, Daly F, Martin FC et al. Risk factors and risk assessment tools for falls in hospital in-patients: A systematic review. Age Ageing 2004;33:122–130. 6. Renteln-Kruse von W, Krause T. [Fall events in geriatric hospital in-patients. Results of prospective recording over a 3 year period]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2004;37:9–14. German. 7. Lübke N, Meinck M, von Renteln-Kruse W. [The Barthel Index in geriatrics. A context analysis for the Hamburg Classification Manual.]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2004;37:316–326. German.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to develop a guideline/map for small businesses to effectively utilise social media analytics and to create appropriate strategies through an examination of Key Performance Indicators with the business analytics process (Strategy-making map). Also, the researcher examines the new sequential relationships among business analytics types, the role of human analysts in business analytics, and the reciprocal relationships among the social media marketing goals. This is a case study with a local small business's social media analytics provided by a social media network platform (i.e., Facebook Insights). The map visualises how to interpret the KPIs and how to create effective marketing strategies based on the organisational decision-making model. The results supported that if a business could create a winning strategy based on accurate business analytics with human analysts, the business could achieve multiple social media goals at once with a single marketing strategy.


In this study, a solid-state fabrication route via friction stir processing (FSP) was used to fabricate Nitinol particulate (NiTip)-reinforced magnesium-based composites to avoid the diffusion reaction and the formation of brittle interfacial compounds. The effect of four tool profiles on the homogeneity in the dispersion of NiTip particles in the magnesium matrix and microhardness was examined and analyzed. A counter-clockwise scrolled shoulder with a plain cylindrical pin and three tools with a flat shoulder having plain cylindrical pin, left-hand, and right-hand threaded pins were used and compared. The tool profiles were observed to exhibit a significant influence on the microstructure of the fabricated Mg/NiTip composites. A wider and more uniform distribution of NiTip particles along with superior bonding with magnesium matrix was achieved with a left-hand threaded cylindrical pin tool. The incorporation of NiTip gave rise to a significant increase in the microhardness of the fabricated composites due to a variety of strengthening mechanisms.


In order to improve the transmission velocity in mulitipath fading wireless channel, the high speed OFDM technology receives increasing attentions in mobile communication. Modulation programs are designed with VHDL based on the principle of OFDM in the paper. First, after OFDM fundamental is introduced; two main advantages are obtained via discussing spectrum utilization ratio of OFDM. Then, from the results of VHDL simulation, the realization of baseband operations, such as interleaver, subcarrier modulation, IFFT and adding CP, are presented. Finally, implemented programs are validated on the actual implement system. Experimental results indicate that setup time corresponding to transmission velocity is only 71.05µs and steady time is approximately 6 times as setup time, that is, not only achieving the high speed transmission, but also supplying adequate modulation time.


Alcohol in athletes mixes no better than alcohol in drivers. Robert Stainback's Alcohol and Sport reveals the extent of the sport and alcohol relationship and how professionals can help prevent and treat alcohol abuse in sport. This book is an essential reference for the entire support team who helps athletes perform and cope with life's problems.Sport psychologists, athletic counselors, and substance abuse counselors will gain a better understanding of the extent and causes of alcohol problems in sport, followed by guidance on how to intervene with alcohol-abusing athletes.Athletic trainers, sport physical therapists, and sport physicians often are the first to encounter and assist the alcohol-abusing athlete. These professionals will find this book essential reading in helping to prevent and reduce alcohol abuse in sport.Athletic directors and coaches will find Alcohol and Sport useful in helping them to recognize alcohol abuse and dependence, and know the options available for helping athletes to obtain treatment.Clinical and sport psychologist Robert Stainback condenses 20 years of practical experience and research in substance abuse treatment into this comprehensive, indispensable reference that- provides background information about alcohol use and addiction;- describes alcohol use patterns of athletes and others involved in sport;- examines alcohol's influence on the human body, behavior, and human performance, including sport;- discusses the incidence of alcohol-related disorders in athletes and sport professionals and considers the risk factors in these populations;- includes case examples of athletes and sport professionals experiencing alcohol-related problems;- explores how successful prevention programs might be developed in sport contexts;- reviews stages of recovery from alcohol dependence and describes how helping professionals may facilitate an athlete's progression through these stages; and- provides an overview of the treatment experience and considers how the sport experience may influence an athlete's participation in treatment.


Cretinism among the Chinese apparently is not common. Annual reports from 14 hospitals in China, giving diagnoses of 33,000 in-patients, do not record a case of this disease. The cretin here reported was a Chinese boy of 17 years who was sent to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital by Dr. Bryan-Brown of the British Legation. There was no family history of goiter. He looked like a child of four or five years. He could not walk without support and could answer only simple questions. His temper was uncertain. When displeased he squealed like a pig. He weighed 46 pounds and was 39 inches in height. His head was disproportionately large, eyes wide apart, mouth open, lips thick, skin dry, and abdomen protruding. He had no axillary or pubic hair and the genitalia were infantile. There was persistent flexion of the wrists and fingers, in a position characteristic of tetany.


The interest in AMPA glutamate receptors has grown enormously in recent years, due to their crucial role in physiological and pathological processes. This led to the development of AMPA ligands as research tools and potential therapeutic agents. In particular, extensive work was addressed towards the development of selective antagonists, which proved to be particularly useful in the prevention and treatment of a variety of neurological and non-neurological diseases. This review focuses on the primary and patent literature from 2000 onwards.


The history of the old Benedictine abbey of S. Bartolomeo di Carpinetoi n the Abruzzi was written at the end of the twelfth century by one of its monks, Alexander. This chronicler tells us much concerning the quarrels of the abbots during his lifetime with their unruly neighbours, chiefly the famous count palatine Roberto di Loritello and the bishop of Penne. Although he very seldom gives the year of the events he records, Alexander's narrative is firmly based for, as he tells us, he made use of the documents contained in the archives of the monastery. His statement to this effect is confirmed, in the case of the papal bulls, by several original documents which are known to have survived in the archives of the Cistercian abbey of S. Maria di Casanova, to which foundation Carpineto had been united in 1258. Of the remaining documents, royal and private charters, only a few were till recently known.


Introduction The dysregulation of glycolysis has been suggested to lead to the alteration of cell drug resistancesignals, proliferation and metastasis. Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs play a key role inthe cellular processes of tumour cells, including glycolysis, growth, and movement. However, therole of lncRNAs in glycolysis-mediated metastasis and the potential mechanism has not been explored. Material and methods First, microarrays were performed to explore the lncRNA, mRNA and miRNA profiles in 4 pair OSCC and adjacent non-tumour tissue samples. qRT-PCR and bioinformatic analysis were used to confirm the expression and coding capability of lnc-p23154 in OSCC cell lines. Then, functional experiment, the nude mouse model and RNA sequence were performed to demonstrated that lnc-p23154 could promote OSCC metastasis and glycolysis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we verified lnc-p23154 promoted OSCC metastasis via Glut1-mediated glycolysis through a rescue assay. At last, luciferase assay, FISH assay, RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull down was utilised to prove that lnc-p23154 inhibited miR-378a-3p transcription by interacting with its promoter region, then regulated miR-378a-3p targeted gene Glut1 expression and promoted Glut1-mediated OSCC metastasis. Results and discussions In this study, we identified a novel lncRNA, lnc-p23154, which is up-regulated in oralsquamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and cell lines, is associated with OSCC patientmetastasis and promotion of OSCC cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore,we found that lnc-p23154 also participates in OSCC glycolysis by facilitating Glut1 expression.Rescue of lnc-p23154 reversed the suppression of OSCC cell migration and invasion induced byGlut1 knockdown. More importantly, lnc-p23154 is mainly located in the nucleus and binds to thepromoter region of miR-378a-3p, which represses Glut1 expression by targeting to its 3'UTRdirectly. Conclusion In summary, we described a novel mechanism of lnc-p23154-miR-378a-3p/Glut1 axis inGlut1-mediated glycolysis and OSCC metastasis regulation. Meanwhile, we provided evidencethat overexpression of lnc-p23154 is significantly associated with higher metastasis tendency inboth OSCC cells and patients with OSCC. These results indicated that lnc-p23154 may act as ametastasis driver in OSCC and a potential biomarker for OSCC diagnosis and treatment.


Previous work on the regulation of termination clauses in franchise contracts has ignored the ability of parties to contract around state law. Using data on two national fast-food restaurants, we find that Washington, D.C.'s termination restriction which did not restrict choice-of-law provisions had little systematic effect on business practice, while Iowa's termination restriction which did prohibit choice-of-law provisions had a large negative effect on franchising.


The present invention provides an LED constant current driving circuit with high power factor and low total harmonic distortion, comprising: a constant current driving circuit body connected with a peripheral circuit and an inputted capacitance discharge control module connected to the constant current drive circuit body for controlling the discharge of an inputted capacitance of the peripheral circuit so as to enable an inputted voltage from the peripheral circuit to vary along with the voltage change of an AC power source of the peripheral circuit and to reduce the time of the inputted voltage staying at the bottom value. The LED constant current driving circuit with high power factor and low total harmonic distortion has the advantages of ensuring that the average value of the inputted current is at a fixed proportion to the inputted voltage while minimizing or even eliminating the problem of distortion caused by inputted capacitance when the voltage of an AC power source enters or rises out of the bottom and dynamically adjusting the inputted voltage so that the inputted voltage can enter the bottom along with the AC power source voltage but does not stay there for a long time. As a result, a substantial increase in PF and a decrease in THD are made possible.


This chapter is designed to give you a critical insight into the way sport and physical activity is used to improve community cohesion. 'Bringing communities together' is advocated as a key advantage of sport and physical activity schemes, however, this is often accepted uncritically. The aim of this chapter is to offer a balanced view of the possibilities and limitations of sport and physical activity being used for social inclusion purposes.


Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of female cancer in India. Human papilloma virus (HPV)
infection is the most important risk factor for uterine cervical neoplasms. HPV oncogene expression
can be detected by cellular protein p16 (INK4a) using immunohistochemistry. The present study aims
to assess the immunoexpression of protein p16INK4a in cervical dysplastic and neoplastic lesions. The
study includes 86 cases of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions diagnosed on histopathology for
two years. All cases were subjected to p16 INK4a immunohistochemical staining.72% of cases (62 out of
86) (including premalignant and malignant) were positive for p16. P16 was positive in 88% of invasive
carcinoma, 70.83% of HSIL and 40% of LSIL. Cervical cancer is associated with HPV infection which
can be identified by overexpression of p16 INK4a in premalignant and malignant lesions. The expression
of p16 INK4a positivity increases with increasing grades of dysplasia and thus helps in the stratification of
cervical dysplastic and neoplastic lesions. P16 INK4a can be used as a surrogate marker of HPV infection.

Keywords: Cervical cancer, Dysplasia, Human papilloma virus, Premalignant lesions, p16INK4a.


Minorities are often seen and portrayed as unable to successfully access and navigate the global domain. This article posits the notion of minority cosmopolitanisms as a viable alternative for minorities to articulate their collective identity in the globalized era. To show how this works in the specific case of Catalonia, I investigate how the Framework Convention on National Minorities (FCNM) and the European Union (EU) have interacted with various Catalan public and governmental bodies. In discussing Catalonia, for instance, I entertain a somewhat provoking hypothesis: Catalonia's success in nearing independence might be due to the fact that it has not joined the FCNM and that Catalonia has instead chosen to develop its very own branch of minority cosmopolitanism. I begin by giving two pertinent and detailed examples from popular culture to illustrate the scope and trajectory of minority cosmopolitanism. I then trace minority cosmopolitanism through the history of the Spanish-Catalan conflict, dating back to 1714 but with a focus on the 20 and 21 centuries, when the older notion of Catalanism was gradually replaced by Independentism as a result of cosmopolitan practices. I conclude with possible lessons to be gained from Catalonia's refusal to partake in the FCNM for reconsidering its role in the changing political landscape of Europe. In addition, relations between Catalonia and the EU are also discussed. Based on the analysis of Catalan relations with the EU and the FCNM, I suggest a few measures on how such transnational bodies can respond to cosmopolitan engagements by minority groups.


Although the adverse event rates reported for peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for treatment of achalasia have been amazingly low, consensus recommendations do not support its use as first-line therapy in elderly patients. In one previous report, more than 60% of patients aged ≥75 years with achalasia were left untreated, presumably because of high perceived risk for procedure-related adverse events.

To investigate the …


This quasi-experimental research aimed to test the effects of teaching materials on inhaler ability of Muslim patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Sixty-four COPD Muslim patients were purposively recruited from a COPD clinic, Out Patient Department (OPD), and Medical wards of Yala regional hospital, from April to June, 2014. They were randomly assigned into the experimental group and control group equally. Both groups were similar in gender, age (no more than 10 year difference), education level, and the type of inhaler being treated. The control group received inhaler teaching by staff as usual whereas the experimental group received inhaler teaching using Melayu language instructions, which included Video for inhaler techniques and a self-care manual for Muslim patients with COPD. Data were collected by using a personal record form, and an inhaler ability evaluation record that was approved by three field specialists and three Melayu experts. This measurement was also tested for content validity by two observers, the researcher and co-researcher withCronbach's alpha = 0.90. Descriptive statistics and t-test were applied for data analysis. The findings revealed that : 1. The post-test inhaler ability of Muslim patients with COPD after being trained with Melayu instructions was statistically significantly higher than the pre-test (p=.001) 2. The inhaler ability of Muslim patients with COPD who were trained with Melayu instructions was statistically significantly higher than the control group (p=.001) These findings indicated that Melayu inhaler instructions could facilitate Muslim patientswith COPD to accurately inhale. This could be a guideline for health care providers to apply when training their COPD clients who are treated with inhaler as it is suitable for the context of the three Southern border provinces. Effects of teaching materials on inhaler ability of Muslim patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Yala hospital Keywords : Words:Muslim patients, COPD,Inhaler ability.


The experience gained over the long years of service of the Aqua Vibrating Separators ASS (sand) and ASK (gravel) has shown them to be a low-cost solution for removing organic components (coal, wood) from sand and gravel. The ASS separator combines the functions of removing low-gravity material, selective fine sand discharge and sand dewatering in a single machine. The ASK separator removes organic components (low-gravity materials) from gravel and recycled building materials. An extension to the machine enables particle sizing into different fractions in the same unit. The Aqua Vibrating Separator was originally developed by the company IBAG and was incorporated into the ThyssenKrupp range as part of a takeover. The patented product has been further developed by ThyssenKrupp Fordertechnik and equipped with modern system technology.


Abstract In 1932 Agnew [1] introduced the concept of deferred Ceśaro means. Taking inspiration from this new approach, in this paper we introduce deferred asymptotically equivalent sequences using statistical convergence and prove some important results. This will be accomplished through a series of regularity type theorems.


The aim of the present investigation was to study the impact of parent-child-interaction and Parental Restrictions on Television viewing. For the purpose, 200 school children who were in the range of 12-16 years, and their parents living in the steel city of Bhilai (M.P.) constituted the sample. To assess parent child interaction (PCI), Parental restrictions (PR) and Amount of TV viewing among children scales were constructed and developed by the investigators. The data were treated by Mean, SD and correlation at the first stage and finally two way ANOVA was employed. Results of the present study revealed a negative but low association between PCI and amount of TV viewing. Again a negative but significant association was found between PR and amount of TV viewing. Further, children having more parental restrictions viewed less TV than their counterparts i.e. children having less PR. Although the main effect of PCI upon amount of TV viewing was found to be insignificant. The study revealed a significant interaction of PCI and PR upon amount of TV viewing.


ABSTRACT Here we present the draft genome of Synergistes jonesii 78-1, ATCC 49833, a member of the Synergistes phylum. This organism was isolated from the rumen of a Hawaiian goat and ferments pyridinediols. The assembly contains 2,747,397 bp in 61 contigs.


Cetacean hearing during echolocation has only been studied in the false killer whale. A male harbor porpoise was successfully trained to perform an echolocation task while acoustic brainstem response (ABR) suction cup electrodes were attached to its body surface. The project was set up to be as similar as possible to the false killer whale studies to make results directly comparable. The porpoise was trained to position itself in a hoop 80 cm below surface. A visual screen of 1‐mm opaque plastic at 30 cm prevented the animal from using visual cues. Echolocation viewing time was controlled by an acoustical shield of neoprene foam between two aluminum plates. The shield was raised for 3 s to allow the animal free access for echolocation. An aluminum cylinder was presented at 2 m distance to the hoop 80 cm below surface in a random order 50% of the time, and the animal responded whether it detected a cylinder (GO trial) or not (NOGO trial). The ABR recordings show a clear response to the outgoing click and echoes from the target and obstacles in the near surroundings. The initial results are directly comparable to the false killer whale studies. [Work Supported by the Danish Research Council.]


Regular studies of few-nucleon systems reveal various dynamical com-ponents, such as three-nucleon force, Coulomb force and relativistic effects, which play an important role in correct description of nuclear interaction. A large set of existing experimental data for 1 H ( d, pp ) n reaction allows for systematic investigations of these dynamical effects, which vary with energy and appear with different strength in certain observables and phase space regions. In order to perform systematic comparisons with precise theoretical calculations, the experimental data are transformed to the variables based on the Lorentz invariants.


The researches of wake-guided torpedo defense technologies are paid more attention to.This paper summarizes some measures of defending wake-guided torpedo,such as breaking the wake,crossing the wake,simulating the wake,destroying the wake and so on,and analyses the advantages and shortcomings of these measures as well.The results of these researches will provide some referenced values to the development of wake-guided torpedo defense technologies for our army and the improvement of survival ability in the war field for our naval ships.


Borate glass is widely used in many scientific studies. By using melt-quenching technique ten samples of lithium sodium borate (LNB) doped with different concentrations of samarium oxide (Sm2O3) and dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) were prepared. To investigate the influence of dopant on the optical and physical characteristics of the glass, X-ray Diffraction, DTA, FTIR, UV-vis-Spectroscopy and Photoluminescence analyses were performed. The amorphous nature was confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique. The physical parameters involved are density, molar volume, ion concentration, inter-nuclear distance and Polaron radius. The absorption transitions of Sm3+ starts from 6H5/2 with hypersensitive transition at 1221 nm and the Dy3+ starts from 6H15/2 with hypersensitive transition at 1256 nm. The photoluminescence emission spectra of LNB:Sm have been associated with the excitation of 544 nm, 600 nm, 613 nm, 720 nm and 747 nm, and generated at 4I7/2 → 6H5/2 (green color), 4I7/2 → 6H7/2 (orange color), 4I7/2 → 6H9/2 (orange color), 4I7/2 → 6H11/2 (red color) and 4I7/2 → 6H13/2 (red color) respectively. LNB:Dy was due to the transition of Dy3+ at 4F5/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F5/2 → 6H13/2, the photoluminescence studies showed two peaks at 479 nm (blue color) and 587 nm (green color) for all samples except the pure glass sample of lithium sodium borate. The glow curve exhibited a single peak at 164 oC. The results show that the appropriate annealing procedure for dysprosium doped LNB is 300 °C for 30 minutes. Regarding the heating rate optimization, it was found that the appropriate heating rate of the proposed dosimeter is 6 °C. s-1. A linear dose response has been observed for photon (R2= 0.998) and electron (R2= 0.977) irradiation at 6 MV and 6 MeV, respectively. The glass dosimeter showed higher sensitivity for electron compared to photon response. The proposed TL dosimeter with concentration of 0.7 mol% of Dy2O3 has been observed to be 80 times less sensitive than TLD-100.


ABSTRACT This paper aims to contribute to the emerging literature concerning Indigenous communities and preschools. It considers some tensions arising when applying the Intercultural and Bilingual Education Program to preschools without adequate prior support or preparation of educators, as in the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Here, two intercultural preschools interact with members of the Mapuche community to strengthen the education in Indigenous languages and cultures. Drawing on data collected in an ethnographic study regarding the relations between preschool teachers and members of the Mapuche community, this paper focuses on the perceptions of preschool staff regarding the construct of Mapuche communities. The findings show that the Mapuche communities were seen as: (a) responsible for providing the culture, (b) responsible for disconnection; and (c) responsible for preschool isolation. Finally, the study concludes with suggestions for public policies, teacher education and future research.


Parental controls allow parents to set limits on children's use of technology, but prior work suggests that controlling children alone is unlikely to foster the development of healthy media habits. We took elements from evidence-based preschool curricula that teach self-regulation and translated them to the digital space by creating a tool for preschoolers and parents to plan their device-based playtime. In an observational lab study with 11 parent-child dyads and follow-up interviews with 14 parents, we found that children demonstrated intentionality and made goal-directed choices as they planned, the mediating factor in developing self-regulation. We observed that parents prompted their child to be intentional and solicited children's input. When children played through their plan, they transitioned to the next activity without intervention 93% of the time. Our results suggest that evidence-based practices for teaching self-regulation in a non-digital context can be applied productively to children's use of technology. As parents supported children in trying the tool for the first time, a further contribution of this work is a hierarchical model of parents' approaches to scaffolding children's use of a novel technology.


of the Dissertation On the stability of periodic billiard paths in triangles by William Patrick Hooper Jr. Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics Stony Brook University 2006 A periodic billiard path in a triangle is considered stable if it persists under sufficiently small perturbations of the triangle. Several results pertaining to the question, "which triangles have stable periodic billiard paths?" are proved. Right triangles do not have stable periodic billiard paths. Further, periodic billiard paths in acute triangles and obtuse triangles are combinatorially different. All but countably many obtuse isosceles triangles have stable periodic billiard paths. On the other hand, there is a list of countably many isosceles triangles which do not have stable periodic billiard paths.


Doctors' accepting money and things accords with the character that public officials plan to achieve illegitimate benefits "with their profession duty convenience", if we only rely on professional morals' restraint and general administration education, we can not only have no way to restrict this kind of behavior , but also give it a free rein to break law and commit a crime. If only we use the strength of state law as punishing secuity and apply sanctions by law,can we keep watch and strike the behavior more efficiently.


In this paper, we mainly focus on a ϕ -Laplacian Liénard system on the plane and study its Hopf bifurcation by establishing an algebraic method to obtain equivalent focus values. As applications, several concrete systems are considered for the Hopf cyclicity.


Air pollution have a very detrimental effect, not only for humans but also impact on the ecosystem of animals and plants. In this study, we will examine air pollution in March 2019 around Waru, Sidoarjo, East Java through research on air particulate concentrations with the size of PM2.5 and PM10. This study aims to determine the estimation of the origin of pollution around the Waru, Sidoarjo, East Java so that can be used as a scientific reference as a step to make the right decisions and policies in overcoming the effects of pollution. The data processing method in this study is with use the Conditional Probability Function (CPF) method to find out the estimated source the origin of pollution is based on meteorological data (speed and wind direction). The highest measurement results obtained at PM2.5 concentration was 24.13 μg/m3 still fulfilling the daily quality standards set by Goverment Regulations No. 41/1999 and WHO, whereas at PM10 concentration was 66.53 μg/m3 still met the daily quality standards has been established Goverment Regulations No. 41/1999 but has exceeded the quality standards set by WHO. While the results of the analysis of the CPF Method are obtained from the original source pollutants for PM2.5 come from vehicle activities on the highway, while the source of pollutants for PM10 comes from industrial activities.


In a companion paper we describe a project in which we seek to resolve the controversies over corrections for the peculiar velocity of the Local Group toward the Virgo Cluster and the Malmquist bias. The former is particularly important for galaxies at low redshift, out to perhaps twice the distance to the Virgo Cluster, while the latter affects more distant, flux-limited samples. To this end we have selected two samples of disk galaxies (SO or later). The first sample consists of 123 bright disk galaxies complete to B T = 14.5 in two volumes in the local space. One is located in the direction of, but behind, the Virgo Cluster (10 h 30 m < α < 13 h 30 m , 0 < δ < 20° and 2500 < υ h < 4500 km s -1 , where υ h is the heliocentric velocity), while the other is toward the antipode (22 h < α < 2 h , 0 < δ < 20° and υ h < 3000 km s -1 )


This publication looks at twelve pioneers of social justice and action in London. The movements they started arising from their Methodist roots have since developed and grown way beyond London and way beyond Methodism. The book offers a unique balance between the stories of individuals and their links with issues of general concern ranging from young people to racism, education, politics and international issues. The book is based on a wide range of original research both into hitherto inaccessible archive material and first-hand interviews. The book includes studies of well-known figures such as Donald Soper, Hugh and Katherine Price Hughes, Sybil Phoenix and Joseph Rank.


During tumour progression, brain tumour cells are exposed to nutrient deprivation due to defective tumour vasculature. The ability of brain tumour cells to adapt to reduced nutrient availability favours selection for aggressive clones. The molecular pathways supporting such metabolic adaptation are still poorly defined. We previously reported that the translation elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K), which controls mRNA translation at the step of elongation, is an evolutionarily conserved mediator of the response to nutrient deprivation. Gene expression analysis show that eEF2K expression is upregulated in the most aggressive subgroup of medulloblastoma (MB), namely group 3, and that high eEF2K expression is strongly associated with poor survival in both MB. In addition, genetic targeting of eEF2K significantly increases sensitivity of MB cells to nutrient deprivation, supporting a role for eEF2K in facilitating adaptation of MB to nutrient stress. To decipher the basis for eEF2K protective functions under nutrient deprivation, we performed gene expression analysis of eEF2K proficient versus deficient cells under nutrient-deprived conditions. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) highlighted fatty acid oxidation (FAO) as one of the biological pathways most dramatically deregulated upon eEF2K loss. Remarkably, many genes involved in FAO are downregulated in eEF2K deficient cells under starvation, including genes encoding acyl-coA synthetases and acyl-coA dehydrogenases. Furthermore, cells lacking eEF2K are deficient in metabolizing exogenous palmitate to produce ATP, strongly supporting a role for eEF2K in stimulating FAO activity. Finally, our data show that pharmacological induction of FAO in eEF2K deficient cells using bezafibrate was sufficient to rescue cell death occurring under nutrient depleted conditions. The molecular basis for eEF2K-mediated regulation of the FAO transcriptional program is under investigation. Together, our work supports a critical role for eEF2K in driving FAO activity under nutrient deprivation, which could profoundly impact medulloblastoma adaptation to nutrient stress and therefore emergence of aggressive phenotypes.


Signature verification is done by using neural network to improve accuracy by reducing False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection Rate(FRR). The two types of signature verification are online and offline signature verification. In this project offline signature verification is used in which signature is acquired using camera. Signature is checked by a specific resolution after the acquisition and preprocessing was done to remove the noise present in the image. Additional features are considered and extracted from an image and are trained using neural network to improve the accuracy. The same procedure is repeated for the test signature. The result of training and testing the signature leads to identify whether the signature is genuine or not with improved accuracy in comparison with conventional SVM technique.


Letter from Philip J. Montablo to John J. Herrera, typed and dated January 17, 1963. The letter refers to judicial appointments in Bexar County.


This study intends to investigate the flexural bond performance of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcing bar under repeated loading. The flexural bond tests reinforced with GFRP reinforcing bars were carried out according to the BS EN 12269-1 (2000) specification. The bond test consisted of three loading schemes: static, monotonic, and variable-amplitude loading to simulate ambient loading conditions. The empirical bond length based on the static test was 225 mm, whereas it was 317 mm according to ACI 440 1R-03. Each bond stress on the rib is released and bonding force is enhanced as the bond length is increased. Appropriate level of bond length may be recommended with this energy-based analysis. For the monotonic loading test, the bond strengths at pullout failure after 2,000,000 cycles were 10.4 MPa and 6.5 MPa, respectively: 63–70% of the values from the static loading test. The variable loading test indicated that the linear cumulative damage theory on GFRP bonding may not be appropriate for estimating the fatigue limit when subjected to variable-amplitude loading.


The extremely low frequency magnetic antennas are widely used in geophysical exploration, marine electromagnetic detection, and other applications. However, the slight vibration of the antenna platform will cause extra antenna electromagnetic noise. In this letter, the electromagnetic noise of the magnetic antenna caused by vibration is simulated under different vibration conditions first. Then, in order to evaluate the effect of vibration on magnetic antenna performance, some vibration-induced noise measurement experiments of magnetic antenna were carried on. Experiment results show that vibration-induced noise is one of the main sources of antenna electromagnetic noise, but with proper vibration isolation technology, the vibration-induced noise can be reduced to the level of ambient electromagnetic noise.


Mature 'Stuart' pecan trees in good condition on Tifton loamy sand did not respond to fertilizer [10-4.4-8.3 (N-P-K)] at rates from 0-1344 kg/ha annually over a 10-year period, but color and vigor of trees receiving no fertilizer were reduced near the end of the study. Highest yields were obtained with 448 kg/ha. Fertilizer effects on shoot growth and nut quality were inconsistent, but quality tended to be poorer for heavily fertilized than lightly fertilized trees near the end of the study. Fertilizer and limestone effects on yield and shoot growth were also inconsistent for mature 'Stuart' trees on Leefield sand at Way cross, Ga. over a 10-year period. Leaf analysis responded very slowly to nutrient application with leaf N and K being first increased by fertilizer application in the 6th and 9th years, respectively. Fertilizer P had little effect on leaf P. Liming to pH 60 with calcite increased leaf Ca and decreased leaf Mg and Al.
Yield and shoot growth of young 'Desirable' trees increased with the first 56 kg/ha increment of N, but further increases due to the second increment were seldom significant. Phosphorus and K additions had little effect on yield and shoot growth, but increasing K reduced nut size. Increasing N rates to 112 kg/ha improved vigor and color of trees. Leaf N and K for young trees increased from increasing application levels the first year, and leaf K was maintained in the desired range when soil test plus applied K equaled 112 kg/ha annually. Increasing N and K applications reduced leaf Mg, and increasing K applications increased leaf Mn, Fe, Al, and Na in young trees.


The total ascent vehicle mass drives performance requirements for the Mars descent systems and the Earth to Mars transportation elements. Minimizing Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) mass is a priority and minimizing the crew cabin size and mass is one way to do that. Human missions to Mars may utilize several small cabins where crew members could live for days up to a couple of weeks. A common crew cabin design that can perform in each of these applications is desired and could reduce the overall mission cost. However, for the MAV, the crew cabin size and mass can have a large impact on vehicle design and performance. This paper explores the sensitivities to trajectory, propulsion, crew cabin size and the benefits and impacts of using a common crew cabin design for the MAV. Results of these trades will be presented along with mass and performance estimates for the selected design.


Undoped and Ge-doped ITO films (ITO: Ge) deposited at low temperature (70℃) have been studied.
Although both samples have the same carrier concentration, a higher carrier mobility occurs for ITO: Ge.
An evaluation of the relative position of the dopant associated energy states has been carried out.


Objective To discuss the clinical values of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) in diagnosing ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS). Methods BIPSS and pituitary MRI examination were performed in 43 patients with CS, which was followed by pituitary surgery later. The clinical data and imaging findings were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic values of the two kinds of examinations were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and were compared with the area under the ROC curves (AUC). Results In making the qualitative diagnosis of CS with BIPSS, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 0.95, 1.00, 1.00 and 0.71 respectively, while the AUC was 0.97, which was larger than that obtained from MRI. In making the diagnosis of the lesion's localization for Cushing's disease, the accuracy of BIPSS was 84.21%, which was much higher than that of pituitary MRI. Conclusion BIPSS can be safely and successfully performed in most cases. With excellent diagnostic accuracy, both qualitative and localizing, BIPSS should be regarded as a useful and reliable method in diagnosing ACTH-dependent CS.


Optimality conditions and duality fractional semi-infinite optimization problems under data uncertainty Mordukhovich subdifferential ABSTRACT In this paper, optimality conditions and duality theorems for a positively properly efficient solution of a nonsmooth fractional semi-infinite optimization problem with data uncertainty in the constraints are studied via Mordukhovich subdifferential. Some examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.


Teaching English for professional communication, ESP and Business English has become an important mission, with international economic and financial activity growing exponentially every decade. Working with non-native students, who have little to no experience of cross-cultural interaction is a challenging task. The key to success lies in developing very specific skills allowing future specialists to fully understand the whole pragma-semantic spectrum of an English utterance, recognise various registers and styles of speech by numerous carefully studied language features and properly react to interlocutors' replicas in both oral and written discourse.


Modulated High Frequency (HF, 3—30 MHz) heating of the auroral electrojet to generate electromagnetic waves in the Extremely Low Frequency (ELF, 3—3000 Hz) and Very Low Frequency (VLF, 3—30 kHz) bands is investigated in the context of magnetospheric wave injection experiments. The ionospheric heating facility of the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) is used to excite non-linear amplification of whistler mode waves in the Earth's magnetosphere. Experimental evidence is presented of the first HF heater generated signals experiencing 'ducted' inter-hemispheric propagation and wave-particle interactions resulting in amplification and triggering of free running emissions. The roles of transmitter parameters as well as natural background conditions of the observations are characterized. Dispersion of observed signals is used to determine the magnetospheric propagation paths and associated cold plasma densities. It is found that HAARP induced triggered emissions occur primarily inside the plasmapause and the availability and coupling into magnetospheric 'ducts' is likely one of the limiting factors for observations. Phase and amplitude changes in the observed signals are used to resolve the temporal behavior of the non-linear resonant current vector that drives amplification. The observed resonant current behavior is discussed in the context of numerical models and used to make inferences about the magnetospheric hot plasma distribution. Ground based capabilities of detection of energetic particle precipitation from the Earth's radiation belts induced by HAARP generated ELF/VLF waves are assessed experimentally and theoretically. A phenomenon of cross-modulation between whistler-mode signals and HF ionospheric heating is observed and investigated as a new method to generate ELF/VLF radiation using an HF ionospheric heater.


The anaerobic/hybrid membrane bioreactor (A/HMBR) process was used to treat domestic waste transfer station wastewater, and the influences of HRT and reflux ratio on the removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N and TN were investigated. The results indicate that the when HRT and reflux ratio are 42 hours and 3 respectively, the removal rates of COD, NH3-N and TN are 95%, 89% and 78% respectively. It is found that the main reason of membrane fouling of hybrid membrane bioreactor is blockage of membrane pores by dissolved organic matters.


The major purpose of this study is to examine the assessment of entrepreneurship education for skill acquisition and job generation by business education students in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. This study adopted a survey design because the study sought to determine the opinion of the respondent on Assessment of Entrepreneurship Education for Skill Acquisition and Job Generation by Business Education Students in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The population of this study consists of all three and four hundred level business education students in the Department of Vocational and Technology Education in Bayelsa State. The sample size for the study was one hundred and twenty-five (125) students representing 45% of the population. The proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used in drawing the sample for the entire population and which is considered to be representative of the whole population. Based on the findings, the following recommendations are proffered: The youths should be properly encouraged to become entrepreneurs through implementation of relevant policies, in order to forestall the problem of graduate unemployment in the region; The National Directorate of Employment (NDE) should intensify effort to re-orient unemployed graduate on the benefits of not solely relying on Government for paid jobs.


PURPOSE: An encoding apparatus and a method for executing variable bit rate control in real time are provided to store encoded real time video data in a regular quality by deciding efficient bit estimation and appropriate quantization rate. CONSTITUTION: An encoder(100) converts the current video data to be encoded and quantizes the result of the video conversion to be encoded in a variable bit rate. A complexity calculating unit assigns whole bit estimation in response to a change of a video recording time, and extracts the complexity of a frame based on differences between pixels constructing the previous video data and the current video data. A target bit rate deciding unit(52) decides a target bit rate to be stored in each frame in response to the complexity value. A scene change detecting unit(53) detects scene change of the current video data. A GOP(Group Of Picture) selecting unit(55) classifies each frame into frames having the similar complexity. A rate distortion model updating unit(56) updates a rate distortion model to be used for calculating a quantization factor. A quantization factor deciding unit(54) calculates a quantization factor in response to the complexity value, the bit estimation, the target bit rate, and parameters of the rate distortion function.


Turbulence and plasma parameter data from the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) [Ono et al., Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)] is examined and interpreted based on various theoretical estimates. In particular, quantities of interest for assessing the role of turbulent transport on the midplane scrape-off layer heat flux width are assessed. Because most turbulence quantities exhibit large scatter and little scaling within a given operation mode, this paper focuses on length and time scales and dimensionless parameters between operational modes including Ohmic, low (L), and high (H) modes using a large NSTX edge turbulence database [Zweben et al., Nucl. Fusion 55, 093035 (2015)]. These are compared with theoretical estimates for drift and interchange rates, profile modification saturation levels, a resistive ballooning condition, and dimensionless parameters characterizing L and H mode conditions. It is argued that the underlying instability physics governing edge turbulence in different operational mod...


This study (a) examined the way in which omnipotence, omnipresence, omniscience, and eternity attributes were combined in people's minds to define God and (b) uncovered the various concepts of God different people could have in relation to these attributes and in various combinations of them. The technique that we used was borrowed from judgment and decision making and was especially suited for highlighting individual differences. The participants were 277 persons living in France, ages 15 to 50. They were presented with a series of vignettes that described a deity currently revered by the members of a supposedly recently studied tribe. The four main attributes used in each description were the omnipotence, omniscience, omnipresence, and eternity of the deity at hand. They were asked to rate each deity from the standpoint of its divine character. No less than six different theological concepts of God were found. For about 16% of the sample, God was essentially conceived as an omnipotent entity. For 38% of the sample, divine character was conceived as an additive function of omnipotence, omniscience, omnipresence, and eternity. For 14% of the sample, the concept of God conformed to the Judaic and Christian traditions. Divine character was conceived as a clearly all-or-nothing matter. A deity that did not possess all of the four previously mentioned attributes together could not be considered God. Finally, one group of participants, formed mainly of nonbelieving females, allowed the tribal peoples to make whatever they liked into God.


Since the emergence of constructivism as a learning theory that recognizes those who approach to any career may have preconceptions that affect achieving new learning. This led to the realization of this work whose objectives are aimed at diagnosing prior knowledge of the participants of the fourth round of the Specialty Teaching Accompaniment (EAP), which was developed in the CEED-INTEC. This inquiry is relevant in the context of the curriculum reforms currently being implemented in Dominican Republic.The methodology corresponds to an exploratory study, through which they consulted 23 EAP participants through a questionnaire of open questions, the basic concepts used in the discourse of the program. This consultation took place before beginning the training process within the Specialty. To interpret the answers, it was developed a content analysis strategy, which results reveal the use of a partial language approach to the concept, which supports the necessary comprehensive appropriation. Therefore, it is considered a conducive learning methodology based on teaching reflection of owns' practice in order to achieve the conscious mobilization of knowledge and meanings, as well as a valuable way to regulate the performance in the context of current school dynamics.


Resumen en: Five species of the genus Crypsithyris Meyrick, 1907 are treated from China in this paper, including three species new to science (Crypsithyris introfle...


This study evaluates the new Aqua MODIS Dark Target (DT) Collection 6 (C6) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) (MYD04_3K) retrieval algorithm at 3 km resolution over Asian countries that have recently experienced severe and increasing air pollution. Retrievals showed generally low accuracy compared with the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET), with only 55% of retrievals within the expected error (EE). The uncertainty appears mainly due to systematic overestimation at both low and high AOD levels. This is attributed to under-prediction of surface reflectance, similar to, but more severe than, the C6 DT product at 10-km resolution. This is because MYD04_3K observes more noise in the surface reflectance computations, due to retention of some bright pixels in the retrieval window which would be discarded at 10 km. Greatest uncertainty was observed at urban sites, especially those dominated by coarse aerosols. Results suggest that the DT at 3 km is less reliable than MODIS C6 AOD products at 10 km.


We give a genus 3 Heegaard diagram H of the real projective space p3, which has no waves and pairs of complementary handles. So Negami's result that every genus 2 Heegaard diagram of p3 is reducible cannot be extended to Heegaard diagrams of p3 with genus 3.


The characteristics and the applications of the articulated body mobile robot, 'Koryu (KR)', a mobile robot with a new style of articulated body is identified, and the construction of the newly developed 'Koryu-II (KR-II)' is discussed. KR-II takes the form of seven linked articulations and its total length is 3.3 m, and its total weight is 350 kg. KR-II introduces new mechanisms and control systems such as: easily detachable unified segments; self-contained driving system with wireless control; traction wheels attached on one side of the segment; long stroke vertical prismatic joint to cope with a steep inclination; robot hand driven by the coordination control of the body articulation; force sensor based on photodetective technology; and an analog bus system to simplify the electrical installation. Finally, the paper describes KR-II's fundamental results of experimental trials, to show the validity of it as a robot to move and operate in an unstructured environment.<<ETX>>


Summary The majority of inclusion-bearing alkaline rocks have a source region identical with that of ocean island basalts regardless of whether they were erupted through oceanic or continental crust. Models have been proposed where oceanic alkaline rocks are derived from the asthenosphere and during passage to the surface there have occurred variable amounts of interaction with lithosphere of the mid-ocean ridge basalt type. A similar scenario would account for most inclusion-bearing continental alkaline rocks. Genesis of micaceous kimberlites and lamproites, however, may require that asthenospheric plumes have impinged on 'nuggets' of aged heterogeneous enriched sub-continental lithosphere. This would lead to mixing of isotopically distinct asthenospheric and lithospheric melts.


The possibility to measure the contribution of agents and exchanges to the price formation process in financial markets acquired increasing importance in the literature. In this paper I propose to exploit a data-driven approach to identify structural vector error correction models (SVECM) typically used for price discovery. Exploiting the non-Normal distributions of the variables under consideration, I propose a variant of the widespread Information Share measure, which I will refer to as the Directed Acyclic Graph based-Information Shares(DAG-IS), which can identify the leaders and the followers in the price formation process through the exploitation of a causal discovery algorithm well established in the area of machine learning. The approach will be illustrated from a semi-parametric perspective, solving the identification problem with no need to increase the computational complexity which usually arises when working at incredibly short time scales. Finally, an empirical application on IBM intraday data will be provided.


remained, but, notwithstanding this, the final result was good. From the observations quoted we gather that even after medico-mechanical treatment, as well as after suture of the bones, the final result was, with few exceptions, very gratifying. The one unsatisfactory result of non-operative treatment was traceable to a wrong reading of indications, since, as I have already stated, acccrding to my present principles, suture of the patella should have been performed. Of the 17 cases of primary suture of the patella of which the final result was known, only I showed a bad resplt. The reason of this was the cutting through of the suture, with considerable separation of thefragments. But neither can this unsatisfactory result be laid to the charge of the method as such, for by a reputed suture which was neglected a better result would doubtless have been obtained. Moreover, in this case the technique was so far deficient that the suture was carried out with catgut by one of my assistants contrary to our usual principles. The 8 cases of late suture of the patella also gave satisfactory results with one exception. In the unfavourable case, however, a traumatic neurosis witn hysterical paralysis lay at the root of the bad result; another circumstance for which the mode of operation cannot be made answerable. We see, then, that both methods-the operative and the non-operative-give equally good results with a right interpretation of indications and a correct technique. These methods do no stand in opposition to each other as alternatives, but each supplements the other, and has it own definite, sharplymarked-off indications. Dr. Schmidt the assistant physician of my hospital, will give a detailea account of our results, with reproductions of the x-ray photographbs, in Bruns's Beitrdgen zur klinischen Chirurgie. REFERENCE. 1 Lister, A New Operation for Fracture of the Patcl1a, BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 1877, VO1. ii, p. 850.


Widespread application of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has resulted in a high complication rate and leads to prolonged hospital stays. This study aimed to investigate the preoperative and intraoperative clinical factors that relate to prolongation of hospital stay.


We have investigated the effect of non-isotropic blur in an indirect x-ray conversion screen in tomosynthesis imaging. To study this effect, we have implemented a screen model for angle-dependent x-ray incidence, and have validated the model using experimental as well as Monte-Carlo simulations reported in the literature. We investigated detector characteristics such as MTF, NPS and DQE, and we estimated system performance in a signal-known exactly detection task. We found that for such a screen, the frequency dependence of the MTF varies with x-ray source angle, while the frequency dependence of the NPS does not. Furthermore, as the x-ray source angle is increased, the DQE becomes more narrow and DQE(f=0) grows. We found that for a tomosynthesis scan angle of 90 degrees and a conversion screen thickness of 130 microns, detectability for small signals (radius=0.125 mm) was decreased by 13%, compared to signal radii above 0.5 mm. The magnitude of the degradation is expected to vary for different tomosynthesis configurations, such as scan angle and conversion screen thickness.


Jiutangshu and Xintangshu are the official historic books that reflect the same content about the same age.Because they were written in different era and by different authors,Xintangshu is different from Jiutangshu.This paper compares the differences between them,and then discusses the tendency of esteeming virtue in Xintangshu Literature Biography and the reasons.


By using the method of document,logic analysis and expert interview.This paper with statistics and induction analysis to medals belong of all 47 male and female projects in 13th Taegu World Track and Field Championship and our players participating the final performance projects of the first eight,and abjectly describe the evolution of the world field circles strength pattern,and revealed the development and change characteristics of the world field circles strength pattern.To seek the regional ascription of participate strength and advantageous group events,thus we will more accurate master the development of world track and field.Meanwhile,we systemically analyzed the Chinese performance in 13th World Track and Field Championship.This paper to seek the development characteristics and the trend and the existing problems of China's track and field items,in order to determine the advantageous events and the future development.In addition,this paper also provides reference for the London 2012 Olympic Games.


Summary.  GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV‐C/HGV) is the most closely related human virus to hepatitis C virus (HCV). GBV‐C is lymphotropic and not associated with any known disease, although it is associated with improved survival in HIV‐infected individuals. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, GBV‐C induces the release of soluble ligands for HIV entry receptors (RANTES, MIP‐1a, MIP‐1b and SDF‐1), suggesting that GBV‐C may interact with lymphocytes to induce a chemokine and/or cytokine milieu that is inhibitory to HIV infection. Expression of GBV‐C envelope glycoprotein E2 in CD4+ T cells or addition of recombinant E2 to CD4 cells recapitulates the HIV inhibition seen with GBV‐C infection. Like HCV E2, GBV‐C E2 is predicted to be post‐translationally processed in the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved with cell binding. The C‐termini of GBV‐C E1 and E2 proteins contain predicted transmembrane domains sharing features with HCV TM domains. To date, cellular receptor(s) for GBV‐C E2 have not been identified. GBV‐C E2‐mediated HIV inhibition is dose‐dependent and HIV replication is blocked at the binding and/or entry step. In addition, a putative GBV‐C E2 fusion peptide interferes with HIV gp41 peptide oligomerization required for HIV‐1 fusion, further suggesting that GBV‐C E2 may inhibit HIV entry. Additional work is needed to identify the GBV‐C E2 cellular receptor, characterize GBV‐C E2 domains responsible for HIV inhibition, and to examine GBV‐C E2‐mediated fusion in the context of the entire envelope protein or viral‐particles. Understanding the mechanisms of action may identify novel approaches to HIV therapy.


This article gives voice to a front-line manager in food retailing, discussing her experiences during the COVID-19 outbreak which, overnight, became an 'essential service', leaving employees exposed to the virus. The article utilizes the 'moral economy' framework to understand how organizational policies, which were developed by senior management and implemented by front-line managers, denied human flourishing and well-being during a period of socio-economic crisis. The article captures the complexity of morality in organizations across managerial levels. Questioning the morality of managerial decisions during the pandemic and emphasizing how these are driven by the intense competition in the market, it reveals that front-line managers are caught between conflicting moral values and expectations. This study contributes to the 'moral economy' framework suggesting that the structural constraints of front-line managerial authority have challenged their moral values and narrowed the space for safe and meaningful work and well-being for front-line managers and employees.