This paper presents a novel approach to derive U.S. residential building energy load profiles. This approach uses bootstrap sampling method to extract daily activity pattern of occupants of a household from American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data. The characteristics of ATUS data, the relation between time-use and load-demand, and the robustness of this approach are discussed. Virtual experiments were conducted on Energy Plus platform to study the patterns of annual load demand distribution under different household composition and thermal zoning schemes. Simulations of average 24-hr appliance and lighting load profiles were also conducted. The simulated load profiles and those from utility metering studies have good agreement. This novel approach has versatile applications in residential building energy simulation. INTRODUCTION A National Time Use Survey (TUS) is a large scale time use survey administrated by a national government. Each TUS record contains 24 hour period of activities of an individual with this individual's personal information. TUS records are taken from all walks of life. Scholars generally agree (Robinson and Godbey, 1997) that TUS data are the best available data that represent the time use pattern of a society. In recent years, researchers started to explore the application of national Time Use Survey (TUS) data for simulating schedules in residential building energy consumption calculation. The roulette wheel genetic algorithm (Tanimoto et al., 2008) and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques (Richardson et al., 2008) have been applied to TUS data for occupant and load schedule simulation with some success. Two main drawbacks of these approaches come from the methodological constraints that limit the extraction of detailed information embedded in the TUS record and the lack of integration between simulated schedules and commonly used building energy simulation tools. In general, three steps of data transformation are needed for using TUS data for residential building load demand estimation. The first step is to construct a household's daily activity schedule from TUS data, one-to-many mapping is the key characteristic of this process. i.e., to represent the range of variation of a given household's daily activity patterns, multiple schedules are simulated from TUS data. The second step is to derive the internal heat gain, lighting and appliance load schedules from a household's activity schedules. This step involves the interpretation of the spatial and temporal distribution of the occupants' activities and the corresponding appliance and energy use. The third and final step is to derive heating and cooling load demands from the combined inputs of the TUS derived occupancy, appliance and lighting load schedules, the configuration of the residence and the outdoor environmental conditions. This paper presents a novel approach to simulate occupancy and load schedules from the TUS data in finer details. In constructing the household's daily activity schedule, the bootstrap method (DeGroot and Schervish, 2002) replaces roulette wheel and MCMC techniques for an individual's daily activity schedule simulation. Then the individuals' household demography profiles are matched for household schedule assembly. In appliance load schedule simulation, both spatial and temporal dimensions of the occupants' activities are referred. Humanphysical integrative household system theory (Hitchcock, 1993) is used to explain the association between the occupants' activities and appliance load demand. In the calculation of heating and cooling load demands, Energy Plus simulation replaces the self-developed energy consumption estimation method, so the approach will be easier to propagate. Figure 1 illustrates the procedure of the approach. Using 2006 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data, a series of virtual experiments are conducted to observe the pattern of annual load demand resulted from this novel approach. Results from virtual experiments indicate: 1. patterns of annual energy load demand distribution derived from different batches of randomly sampled ATUS data are highly consistent within each type of household demography, 2.increasing the number of thermal zones has far more significant impact in heating and cooling load demand reduction than increasing building envelope thermal insulation does, 3, the simulated 24-hr appliance and lighting load profiles agree with those from utility metering data. Eleventh International IBPSA Conference Glasgow, Scotland July 27-30, 2009


A general expression is derived that relates the generalized second moment of a rotational spectral band to an angular momentum−orientation time−correlation function for the ensemble of molecules. It is demonstrated that previous equations relating these spectral transforms to angular momentum correlation functions are recovered in the limit of short times. The extended diffusion models proposed by Gordon are used to calculate cross−correlation functions as a function of time, and the results are compared with several approximations, including the decoupling assumption widely used in spin−rotation relaxation. The cross correlations that appear in the spin−rotation problem are considered in detail. In contrast to the behavior of the spectral transform cross−correlation functions, it is explicitly demonstrated that the spin−rotation correlations for the extended diffusion models vanish after one collision.


Objective To observe the effect of anti-adhesion membrane made of oxidized regenerated cellulose (Interceed) on endometrial receptivity in New Zealand white rabbits with intrauterine adhesion (IUA). Methods Forty-eight female rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups (12 each): normal control group (group A), Interceed control group (group B), untreated model group (group C), and Inte rceed therapy group (group D). Rabbits in group A received sham operation and underwent no modeling. The Interceed was placed into the normal rabbits' uteruses in group B. The IUA rabbit models were reproduced in group C and group D by both mechanical injury and infection. Rabbits in group C were not treated, and in group D Interceed was put into their uteruses 7 days after modeling. Four rabbits in each group were sacrificed on the 28th day, the uterine tissues were collected. The endometrial glands count was performed after HE staining, and the degree of endometrial fibrosis was assessed after Masson staining. For the remaining animals in each group, ovulation was induced by stimulating the vagina in estrus, and they were sacrificed and the uterine tissue was collected on the 7th day after pseudopregnancy. The expression of pinopodes in endometrium was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and that of integrin αvβ3 protein was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of glands and the degree of fibrosis in endometrium was obviously improved in group D as compared with that of group C (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found among the groups A, B and D. In group A, and developed pinopodes were abundantly expressed in endometrial surface, and similar changes were found in group B. The expression of pinopodes in group C was scarce, and the development was not synchronized. More pinopodes, with irregular shape and synchronized development, were expressed in group D than in group C. The expression of integrin αvβ3 protein was significantly lower in group C than in group A and group D (P<0.05). Conclusion Interceed may alleviate the endometrial pathological changes, increase the expression of integrin αVβ3 protein, ameliorate the expression and development of pinopodes, thus improve the endometrial receptivity.

 DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.05.02


Invention described herein, expression defined herein (I): A-L-Q new macrolide antimicrobial agent and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof . In particular, the novel macrolide antibacterial agents are active against many bacterial species including resistant species. .BACKGROUND.


A deep result about the Reed?Muller codes, proved by Mykkeltveit in 1980, is that the covering radius of the Reed?Muller codeR(1, 7) equals 56. We discover an alternative and simpler proof for this important result.


Awareness of the existence of foreign cultures in Indonesia in various fields, especially in the field of education, that the influence of foreign cultures can have positive and negative effects on school students. What is meant by cultural awareness is Cultural Awareness: An introduction to the nuances of one's own culture and that of other cultures. Cultural Competence: The ability of individuals to use academic, experiential, and interpersonal skills to enhance their understanding and appreciation of cultural differences and similarities within, between, and between groups. This study aims to understand cultural awareness and the impact of foreign culture on students in schools. Qualitative methods used through observation and interviews and semi-structured observation. The participants in this study were six twelfth grade students consisting of three girls and three boys at a high school in Garut. Findings found in this study are the perceptions of students who study English Interlanguage books, namely that there are many learning cultures that can be imitated because they bring positive things and improve student learning values and can also motivate students to be more critical of cultural awareness.


Introduction and Objectives COPD is a clinical diagnosis comprising symptoms, risk factors and evidence of post-bronchodilator airflow obstruction (AFO). While spirometry is fundamental to the diagnosis, the National COPD Audit Programme reported in 2016 that one quarter of spirometry values were not consistent with COPD. Our objective was to explore this further, using patient-anonymised data in Hampshire Health Record Analytical database, an NHS database for ≥1.4 million patients, to compare characteristics, comorbidities and respiratory medication in patients diagnosed with COPD with and without evidence of AFO. Methods Read codes in primary care records were used to identify a prevalent COPD cohort as at 01/01/2011 and define and describe three patient categories based on consistency of FEV1/FVC% since diagnosis: all <70% (persistent AFO), some <70% (variable AFO), all ≥70% (absent AFO). Results 16 479 patients were identified with diagnosed COPD of whom 13 653 (82.9%) had FEV1/FVC% data: 7609 (55.7%) showed persistent AFO, 4413 (32.3%) variable AFO and 1631 (11.9%) absent AFO (Table 1). In the 2826 patients without recorded FEV1/FVC%, half had no evidence of any spirometry. In patients without AFO, mean FEV1/FVC% was high (80.5%), though mean FEV1 was <80% predicted (77.6%). There was no clinically relevant age difference across the groups, but patients without AFO were more often women, had higher mean BMI and contained proportionally fewer active smokers than those with persistent AFO. Never smokers were rare in all groups. Mean number of comorbidities was highest in patients without AFO. Overall, 47.7% of this cohort also had a recorded diagnosis of asthma, slightly more among those with variable AFO unsurprisingly, but with very similar proportions in those with persistent and absent AFO. Among patients without AFO, 58% were receiving some form of respiratory medication (compared to 70% of those with persistent AFO). Many were receiving expensive treatments only recommended for confirmed moderate or severe COPD (long-acting bronchodilators or inhaled corticosteroids). Conclusion Twelve percent of patients with a primary care COPD diagnosis did not have obstructive spirometry. If COPD diagnosis is incorrect, there is potential overuse of harmful or ineffective treatments and other causes of patients' symptoms may be missed. Abstract P31 Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics by consistency of airflow obstruction Consistency of airflow obstruction in patients with FEV1/FVC% (n=13653, 82.9% of total cohort) Persistent (all values FEV1/FVC% <70%) (n=7609, 55.7%) Variable (some values FEV1/FVC% <70%) (n=4413, 32.3%) Absent (all values FEV1/FVC% ≥70%) (n=1631, 11.9%) p-value* Gender male n (%) 4400 (57.8) 2254 (51.1) 752 (46.1) <0.001 Age, years Mean (SD) 69.9 (10.5) 70.8 (10.4) 68.4 (11.7) <0.001 BMI, kg/m2 mean (SD) 26.3 (5.7) 28.1 (5.9) 29.2 (6.7) <0.001 Smoking status n (%) <0.001 Active smoker 2971 (41.0) 1490 (34.5) 534 (35.4) Ex-smoker 4187 (57.7) 2742 (63.5) 915 (60.7) Never smoker 94 (1.3) 83 (1.9) 58 (3.8) FEV1%predicted mean (SD) 54.4 (18.1) 65.2 (18.5) 77.6 (19.3) <0.001 FEV1/FVC% mean (SD) 51.1 (10.6) 66.0 (12.5) 80.5 (7.7) <0.001 MRC Dyspnoea score (1–5) median (IQR) 2 (2,3) 2 (2,3) 2 (1,3) <0.001 Number of comorbidities mean (SD) 2.4 (1.7) 2.9 (1.8) 3.0 (1.9) <0.001 On treatment at baseline n (%) Short-acting bronchodilator 4231 (55.6) 2370 (53.7) 695 (42.6) <0.001 Long-acting bronchodilator 4172 (54.8) 2238 (50.7) 611 (37.5) <0.001 Theophyllines 364 (4.8) 159 (3.6) 36 (2.2) <0.001 Inhaled corticosteroids 3731 (49.0) 2130 (48.3) 631 (38.7) <0.001 Mucolytics 436 (5.7) 205 (4.6) 56 (3.4) <0.001 On none of the above drugs 2266 (29.8) 1283 (29.1) 692 (42.4) <0.001 BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; MRC, Medical Research Council. *Test for difference depends on variable type / summary measures stated: ANOVA (for mean, SD), Kruskal-Wallis (for median, IQR) and Chi-squared test (for n, %).


Abstract As a continuation of earlier research some more polychlorinated and polymethylated dibenzothiophenes (PCDBTs and PMetDBTs, respectively) have been synthesized and separated. The synthesis mixtures have been fractionated by reversed-phase HPLC to obtain pure isomers. The influence of reaction time and reaction temperature on the production of the isomers has been studied. The reaction temperature was found to have a major influence on the isomer pattern obtained in the product mixture. The structures of the pure fractions were studied by GC-MS and 1H NMR. Formation of 3-monochloro-, 1,3-dichloro- and 1,3,4-trichlorodibenzothiophene can be ascertained by computer based 1H NMR spectral analysis. In addition, structures for several tri-and tetra-Met/CDBTs can be given based on the 1H NMR results.


ABSTRACT This article empirically investigates the impact of the East African Community (EAC) on economic growth. We utilized a comprehensive panel data spanning from 1988 to 2017. We estimated an endogenous growth model using feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) and panel corrected standard error (PCSE) estimators. Regional trade agreements (RTAs) and trade openness enhance economic growth. RTAs in the same region have a more significant impact on economic growth than plurilateral and multilateral RTAs. Regionalism in the EAC has heterogeneous country effects on economic growth. Our results are robust to alternative model specifications, highlighting the importance of RTAs in enhancing economic growth.


"BORNOPTIQUE" developped by Amphenol-Socapex is a small sized remountable splice allowing a simple and rapid (thus performing ≤ 0.3 dB) connection of 2 fibers with a core diameter greater than or equal to 50 urn. All parts of this component are manufactured by injection molding, which explains that "BORNOPTIQUE" can work as mixing agent into the optical distribution frames. First we present the operating principle of "BORNOPTIQUE" along with the associated tool kit, and then will describe its characteristics (attenuation, mechanical and thermal characteristics).


Following immune-challenge by fungal and Gram-positive infections, the Toll receptor is activated, which results in synthesis of antibiotic peptides in the fat-body (the functional equivalent to the human liver). The Necrotic serpin is secreted from the fat-body and released into the haemolymph (the functional equivalent to the human blood plasma), where it modulates the Toll pathway. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster is used to analyse the molecular and physiological mechanisms of serpin uptake and degradation. I demonstrate that Necrotic is removed by the receptor LpR1 from the haemolymph into the garland, and pericardial cells. In both cell types, endocytosed Necrotic is degraded in the lysosome. In addition, I discovered a novel function of Necrotic in the anterior midgut and gastric caecae, where Necrotic translocates to the nucleolus after immune challenge with Gram-positive bacteria. This translocation is probably mediated by the serine protease Jon65Aiv, a putative target of Nec. Moreover, in response to microbial challenge the gastric caecae and the anterior midgut synthesize exosomes, which are secreted into the lumen of the anterior midgut and the gastric caecae.


The objective of the study is to analyze the correlation of adult cow body measurements and body weight in Luxi Cattle,and further predict the regression analysis of body weight,so as to guide the production practice and breeding work of the Luxi Cattle.Base on 110 Luxi cow measurements of Shandong province in 2006,Analyzed the related coefficient of body weight and body height,body length,heart girth,cannon circumference.Establish the forecast Luxi cow weight regression model.The result showed that the body weight and body height,body length,heart girth,cannon circumference related coefficient are 0.751,0.814,0.909,0.855;Get two forecast weight regression models,the coefficient of forecast value and fact value is 0.954 and 0.953.According to the two models write the calculate program of Luxi cow weight forecast with Visual Basic.The body weight of adult Luxi cow has significant linear relation with body height,body length,heart girth,cannon circumference.


Investigations on optimization of component compound of the gas-discharge coaxial HgBr- excimer lamp have been carried out. It was detected, that for the mixtures of HgBr 2 :N 2 :He, HgBr 2 :Xe:N 2 :He compound radiation intensity of λ 502 nm more by a factor of 21.5 and 4.2 in comparison with the HgBr 2 :He mixture, respectively. Was attained warming up of a working mixture at the expense of a discharge energy dissipation. The application simultaneously of a surface and barrier discharges gives the increase in the average power of radiation by a factor of 1.5 in comparison with usage only of barrier discharge. For the HgBr 2 :N 2 :He mixture the mean radiation power of excilamp was equal 6.8 mW at the pump pulse repetition frequency of 1900 Hz.


men living in a God-filled world. There remains one thing to note in the Stoic view of the world. For the Stoics the world was perishable. Since the parts of the universe are perishing and are subject to change and decay, so must the whole be. e True, the universe in the sense of the stuff of the universe can never perish, since that stuff is God, but the universe in the sense of the present order does perish.' 7 It is by fire in a great conflagration that the universe does perish.8 8 This is not so much a perishing, as a reabsorption in God who is the primal and the eternal fire.9 9 This great universal conflagration comes when the great year is ended and when the sun and the moon and the five planets return to the positions relative to each other in which they began.10 And then there comes the strangest thing in all Stoic teaching ; there is a rebirth and the whole story starts all over again in exactly and precisely the same way. Then again the universe is restored anew in precisely similar arrangement


In its common form, a demand response mechanism is a contract under which the consumer benefits from cheaper electricity than the standard tariff all the year except at certain peak load periods chosen by the producer where the price is much higher. These soft mechanisms appear to cumulate the virtues of consumption reduction while providing substitutes to hardware technologies as chemical batteries or flexible gas–fired plants. There exists many forms of demand response contracts. For domestic customers, the latter form is the most common. An alternative form consists in giving an amount of money at the begining of the year and then substracting the value of the energy consume during prive events. For industrial customers, the payment during price events is indexed on the difference between the energy consumed compared to the energy he would have consumed if he had not receved any signal. This last form is refered to as Peak–Time Rebate (PTR) and the unobserved counterfactual consumption is refered to as the baseline consumption. Moral hazard lies as a central issue in demand response contracts. Because the consumption during price event is random, it is not possible to know if the observed consumption has been reduced compared to what the consumer would have consumed if no price signal was sent, the latter being non–observable. The success of a demand response mechanism depends on the fact that consumers do react on price events. But moral hazard makes it difficult, if not possible, to quantify the responsiveness of a given consumer or group of consumers, because this quantity is non–observable. The moral hazard problem translates in the variance of estimated consumption reduction in demand response experiments. Consumers do not react to price signal with the discipline of a gas– fired plant. When receiving a price signal, a household may give up the commitment to reduce consumption to satisfy the constraints of the every day life. The economic and power system literature reports significant variance in the responses of consumers enrolled in demand response trials. The moral hazard problem makes demand response contract less efficient and thus, less valuable than a deterministic susbtitute. We explain here how the technics of optimal contract design in continuous–time explained in the ILB Method number 1 Moral Hazard and Continuous–time Contract Theory by Nizar Touzi can address the efficiency and design problems of demand response contracts. Using these technics, we show that the optimal contract has a rebate form. Furthermore, we show that it is possible and valuable for risk–averse producers to provide incentives to the consumer to increase the response to price events, i.e. to provide regular responses accross price events or to increase the predictablity of


While the adoption of the Internet by businesses suggests that there are clear economic implications in provisioning of not just connectivity but also customized network services, the economic considerations have not yet found a way of driving the changes to the current optical architectures. The limiting factor is the missing technology. We propose a solution with resource exchange points (RXPs).


Cardiac pacing has evolved considerably over the years from its initial introduction as a lifesaving measure by asynchronous ventricular pacing. Pitfalls of ventricular-only pacing were recognized relatively early, which led to the introduction of atrioventricular (AV) synchronous pacing that was subjected to rigorous clinical studies. A meta-analysis of major pacing mode trials revealed that AV synchronous pacing, either through atrial pacing (AAI) or dual-chamber pacing (DDD), compared with ventricular pacing (VVI) reduces the incidence of AF and stroke, but not heart failure hospitalization or mortality, even though some individual studies have shown a significant benefit of physiological pacing with respect to overall mortality and heart failure. However, persistent right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing can be associated with ventricular dyssynchrony and left ventricular adverse remodeling. Results of the Mode Selection Trial (MOST) showed that >40 % of DDD and >80 % of VVI were associated with increased risk of heart failure hospitalizations, and that risk of AF increased linearly with cumulative percentage ventricular pacing. Results of the Dual-Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) trial showed that >40 % of VVI is independently predictive of heart failure hospitalization and death.


Infliximab, a monoclonal antibody that targets membrane and soluble tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α, has recently been successfully used to treat patients with active ankylosing spondylitis.1,2 No distinction in terms of axial or peripheral involvement has ever been considered in evaluating the clinical response and autoantibody induction secondary to the infliximab regimen in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of infliximab in 23 patients with ankylosing spondylitis with only axial involvement (ASaxial) and in 24 patients with ankylosing spondylitis with axial and peripheral arthritis (ASperipheral) (Bath Ankylosis Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) ⩾4),3 and the occurrence of autoantibody induction4–7 in the two different subsets and their clinical relevance in terms of outcome. All patients received infliximab (5 mg/kg) according to …


OBJECTIVE
To review the role of human large bowel microbacteria (microbiota) in the glucose homeostasis, to address vitamin D (VD) and prebiotics interactions with microbiota, and to summarize recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of VD and prebiotics supplementation in prediabetes (PreDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHODS
Primary literature was reviewed in the following areas: composition and activity of human microbiota associated with PreDM and T2DM, interactions between microbiota and glucose homeostasis, the interaction of microbiota with VD/prebiotics, and RCTs of VD/prebiotics in subjects with PreDM or T2DM.

RESULTS
The human microbiota is comprised of 100 trillion bacteria with an aggregate genome that is 150-fold larger than the human genome. Data from the animal models and human studies reveal that an "obesogenic" diet results into the initial event of microbiota transformation from symbiosis to dysbiosis. The microbial antigens, such as Gram(-) bacteria and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), translocate to the host interior and trigger increased energy harvesting and Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation with subsequent inflammatory pathways signaling. The "double hit" of steatosis (ectopic fat accumulation) and "-itis" (inflammation) and contribution of "corisks" (e.g., vitamin D deficiency [VDD]) are required to activate molecular signaling, including impaired insulin signaling and secretion, that ends with T2DM and associated diseases. Dietary changes (e.g., prebiotics, VD supplementation) may ameliorate this process if initiated prior to the process becoming irreversible.

CONCLUSION
Emerging evidence suggests an important role of microbiota in glucose homeostasis. VD supplementation and prebiotics may be useful in managing PreDM and T2DM.


This is a written exposition 1 of our article [3] based on my talk at the Linfoot number theory seminar in Bristol on June 3rd, 2020.


DOI: 10.21276/sjmcr.2018.6.5.4 Abstract: Ovarian heterotopic pregnancy is a rare diagnosis with few reported cases. Extremely rare among women who conceive naturally, the occurrence of an ovarian heterotopic pregnancy is a singular event as it comprises only 2.3% of all heterotopic pregnancies. We describe a case of a 42-year old patient in the 12th gestational week with a diagnosis of ruptured primary ovarian heterotopic pregnancy. A transabdominal ultrasound scan showed an ovarian and an intrauterine heterotopic pregnancy with large hemoperitoneum. This was managed by laparotomy. Heterotopic pregnancy can occur in the absence of any predisposing risk factors, clinical awareness is advised. Early diagnosis and adapted treatment can lead to a successful intrauterine pregnancy outcome.


The invention provides an electric wave-driven electronic candle. A light emitting unit consists of light emitting diodes, and is respectively connected with a power supply unit and a control unit, the control unit is firstly connected with a signal receiving unit, the signal receiving unit is connected with an input amplifier, the input amplifier for amplifying an electric wave signal is connected with a signal adjuster, the signal adjuster is used for determining and selecting the output waveform, the signal adjuster is connected with a filter, the filter is used for selecting wave amplitude, wavelength and frequency, the filter is connected with an output amplifier, and the output amplifier is used for amplifying the final waveform and outputting the waveform to the light emitting unit to flash. The electronic candle has the advantage that the electronic candle is set to flash according to the change of an acoustic wave or a wireless electric wave, and the freely intercepted electric wave signal is converted into the illumination and extinguishing of light, so the variability of light in use is realized.


To improve the transmission performance of terrestrial digital multimedia/television broadcasting (DMB-T) system, the performance of an efficient space-frequency transmitter diversity scheme is introduced in this article. This scheme maintains the original transmitter branch and the network structure is simple to upgrade. DMB-T system is an important candidate for Chinese digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) standard. The system was simulated over both slow and fast fading DTTB channels. Simulation results show that the introduced transmitter diversity scheme can efficiently improve the system performance in fading environments


SUMMARY

Effects of the growth phase of 3 Streptococcus faecalis strains on heat resistance at 60° was studied. During the initial and middle logarithmic growth phases no resistance to 60° was found. Organisms heated in a stationary phase of growth were incubated at temperatures ranging from 45 to 7.3° to determine the effect of incubation temperature on their survival. Maximum survival of heated organisms was observed at optimum growth temperatures of c. 30°. The incubation time required for maximum recovery was longer for heated than for unheated organisms, regardless of the incubation temperature.


This paper describes four schools in which the emphasis is placed upon developing an appropriate pace of learning according to individual needs. In practice this means that a pupil's progress is assessed continually and his/her personal curriculum adjusted accordingly.


Al-Qalqashand|'s maqa≠mah in praise of his patron Badr al-D|n ibn Fad ̋l Alla≠h al-'Umar| and the epistolary art was written as a manual on secretaryship. The maqa≠mah is a summation of the art that predated the voluminous compendium S ̋ubh ̋ and draws attention to its author as an epistolographer of great literary caliber. While introducing his S ̋ubh ̋ with a specific mention of this maqa≠mah, al-Qalqashand| is unequivocal in glorifying this piece, terming it an art of "allusion and suggestion," attuned to "brevity" that renders it beyond the reach of the common reader and the less erudite in the art of literary composition. He specifically intimates that it was due to the precision and conciseness of this maqa≠mah that many missed its focused argument, and hence a certain person of sound judgment and indisputable advice, perhaps his patron, "directs me to follow it up with a thorough compilation covering essentials and rules." The maqa≠mah, therefore, complements the compilation of the S ̋ubh ̋ as it drew attention to al-Qalqashand| and his mastery of literary composition. It was the achievement and proof of his proficiency in the art, and the marker of his merits as prose writer. This introductory note in S ̋ubh ̋ is of great significance, not only because it sets the date of composition for the maqa≠mah, in 791/1389, "when I settled at the chancery . . . ," but also because it was written with a focused purpose to bring the maqa≠mah genre once and for all within the orbit of literary composition in which the author aimed to demonstrate his mastery. His maqa≠mah, then, may be read as


AIM: The aim of the study is to emphasize the specific approach and the interdisciplinary treatment combined with orthodontics and oral surgery during the solving of the problem with impacted maxillary canines. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The case report is of a 14 years old female patient with bilateral persistence of maxillary deciduous canines followed by impaction of the permanent canines. Fixed orthodontic braces were applied for providing enough space for placement of the permanent canines until the oral surgery intervention. RESULTS: The oral surgery treatment was performed after a six month orthodontic treatment. Corticotomy with vestibular approach was performed and during the intervention the brackets were applied. CONCLUSION: Not only the compliance and truest by the patient, but the cooperation between the orthodontics and oral surgery proved to be highly important and necessary during the concept of the interdisciplinary treatment of bilateral impacted maxillary canines.


Several articles published recently in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis demonstrate that fixed-time (FT) schedules can be used to reduce troublesome behaviors (for a review of these and related articles, see Tucker, Sigafoos, & Bushell, 1998). In the first article in this series, Vollmer, Iwata, Zarcone, Smith, and Mazaleski (1993) demonstrated through functional analysis that the self-injurious behavior of 3 women was maintained by attention. Subsequently, they reduced the self-injurious behavior of those women by delivering attention under an FT schedule. They referred to the FT schedule as a noncontingent reinforcement procedure, and the name unfortunately has stuck. For example, in the most recent article in the series, Carr, Bailey, Ecot, Lucker, and Weil (1998) indicate that ''In a noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) procedure, the reinforcer responsible for maintaining a problem behavior is delivered on a fixed-time (FT) or variable-time schedule'' (p. 313). It is standard practice in behavior analysis to define reinforcement functionally, that is, as an operation or process in which the occurrence of a behavior is followed by a change in the environment (reinforcer) and as a result such behavior subsequently increases in rate, or is otherwise strengthened (e.g., Catania, 1991; Chance, 1998; Miltenberger, 1997). Operations that have other effects characteristically are not referred to as reinforcement. If this convention is followed, delivery of attention under an FT schedule did not constitute reinforcement in


Professor Hills is not quite correct to suggest that the origins of our
research lay in his criticism (Hills, 1993) of Evans' use of monotonic speed-
¯ ow relationships (Evans, 1992). Our interest lay in the more general use
of area speed-¯ ow relationships in strategic models, of which Evans' work
was an example. However, our research bene® ted from Hills' analysis, and
from his subsequent contributions to our attempts to clarify de® nitions in
this problematic area. It is unfortunate, therefore, that there are still differences
in our understandng of these de® nitions. The diOEerences between
us relate to six key issues, which we consider in turn below.


This paper proposes a new method for automated clustering of high dimensional datasets. The method is based on a recursive binary division strategy that successively divides an original dataset into distinct clusters. Each binary division is carried out using a model-free expectation maximization scheme that exploits the posterior probability computation capability of the quasi-supervised learning algorithm. The divisions are carried out until a division cost exceeds an adaptively determined limit. Experiment results on synthetic as well as real multi-color flow cytometry datasets showed that the proposed method can accurately capture the prominent clusters without requiring any knowledge on the number of clusters or their distribution models.


A bis-fused TTF donor, 2,5-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene (TTP) and its derivatives affords many metallic salts stable down to low temperatures. X-Ray structure analysis reveals that most TTP salts have β-type conducting sheets regardless of counter anions. On the other hand, CH-TTP and TMET-TTP have a tendency to form κ-type and θ-type salts, respectively. A vinylogous TTP, DTEDT has afforded an organic superconductor (DTEDT) 3 Au(CN) 2 , and a TTP analog containing thiopyran ring TM-TPDS has yielded the AsF 6 salt with three-dimensional molecular array.


Water-soluble zinc porphyrins bearing an ammonium group and a phenyl or tertiary butyl group above each porphyrin plane were designed and synthesized. Binding data for amino carboxylates in aqueous solution suggested that these porphyrins recognize the carboxylates on the basis of coordinative, Coulomb, and hydrophobic interactions and that a chiral recognition phenomenon for glycyl-tryptophan anion is derived from the cooperation of these interactions.


This Paper, intended as a guide for professional foresters, describes major silvicultural conditions likely to be encountered in the Black Hills, reasonable treatment options, and probable results and implications of these treatments. It also describes silvical characteristics and behavior of Black Hills ponderosa pine, and a variety of proven silvicultural tools. Oxford: 181$174:187.


The basic theories of electronic levels and transition probabilities of lanthanides are summarized. Their interpretation allows practical preparation of new materials having application in lighting, solar energy utilization, optoelectronics, biological sensors, active waveguides and highly sensitive bioassays for in vitro detection in medical applications. The ways by which the weak fluorescence arising from electronic transition within the four f-configurations can be intensified will be discussed. This includes the intermixing of the four f-states with ligands of the host matrix, excitation to higher d-electronic states. Additional intensification of luminescence by plasmonic interaction with gold, silver and copper nanoparticles will be discussed. A short history of the time development of the research and the names of the scientists who made the major contribution of our understanding of lanthanides spectroscopy are presented.


The utility model relates to an energy-storage type heat pump water supply device for hot water boiler, which is characterized in that water heat type evaporator adopting a heat pump is connected with a heat collecting pond; the water inlet of a condenser is connected with a tap water pipe, while the water outlet is connected with the water inlet of an electric water heating boiler, the water outlet of which is connected with the water inlet of a heat storing water tank through a valve, with the outlet of the heat storing water tank connected with a life hot water dry pipe; a pump is arranged in a loop. The heat pump absorbs the heat from the waste hot water such as the bath water, etc. so as to heat the tap water for showering, and the electric water heating boiler heats the water to a high temperature and then stores the water used as the hot water or boiled water for the early use in the following day. The utility model saves more energy than the traditional coal burning boiler, is clean and has no pollution. Compared with the simple electric water heating boiler, the utility model can save a great amount of energy and save electricity as much as 70 to 85 percent after the recycling of the waste bath water. Compared with the simple heat pump water heater or heating boiler, the utility model not only can obtain boiled water with high temperature but also can save energy, thus compensating the power network.


There is an increasing demand for higher performance in modern robotic applications. To meet the need for more accuracy and fast dynamic response, considering inertial effects is necessary. This thesis proposes a new global multi-objective optimization strategy to tune the geometric and dynamic capabilities of a manipulator. Then, as a case study, the kinematics and dynamic behavior of a five-bar-linkage haptic interface is analyzed and a new design procedure is obtained using a new global and constrained multi-objective technique. The minimax culling algorithm was used to design parameters for optimal kinematics and dynamic dexterity measure.


By all accounts, we are now in the midst of the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression — uncharted territory for those of us born after the 1930s. What does it mean for the practicing cosmetic dermatologist and for dermatology as a whole?


Fabrics with proper mechanical properties and high structural designability are frequently selected as the reinforcement of flexible composites. Shear thickening materials (STMs), including shear thickening fluid and shear thickening gel, are dense colloidal suspensions exhibiting an abrupt increase in viscosity with increasing shear rate. Shear thickening fabric composites (STFCs) which combined STM with fabrics, have been increasingly in demand for impact protective applications due to their tremendous potential. Herein, the characteristics of STM and the effects of fabric reinforcement on STFC impact behaviors are discussed for optimizing their properties and structures. Subsequently, the impact behaviors of STFCs obtained by multiple testing approaches with different impact threats are reviewed systematically. Furthermore, a comprehensive summary of the existing literature on stab, drop-weight, split Hopkinson pressure bar, and ballistic impact protective mechanisms of STFCs is presented. It is found that based on the proper selection of STM types, thorough mechanistic explanations of STFC impact behaviors are instructive and could facilitate the development of wearable protective equipment. The purpose of this critical review is to provide a framework for comparison of the effective impact resistances of STFCs across many applications and to discuss issues for future research.


In this article it is proven that if a knot, K, bounds an imbedded grope of class n, then the knot is n/2-trivial in the sense of Gusarov and Stanford. That is, all type n/2 invariants vanish on K. We also give a simple way to construct all knots bounding a grope of a given class. It is further shown that this result is optimal in the sense that for any n there exist gropes which are not n/2+1- trivial.


This work aims at the development of organoclay from two varieties of bentonite for use in organic media using ionic surfactants, studying the influence of process variables in the organophilization process. We used the following materials: natural bentonite clay from Cubati-PB District, and the ionic quaternary ammonium salt: Praepagen WB® with 45% active matter. The clays were benefited and then turned into sodium form and subsequently into organoclays. The bentonites were characterized by laser diffraction (GA) X-ray fluorescence chemical composition (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetry (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The organoclays were characterized by (XRD) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermogravimetry (DTA). The results showed that the clay has potential for application in the organophilization process and that there is influence of process variables.


Ginseng cultivated under forest was formally called "Lin-Xia-Shan-Shen" (LXSS) according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition) meaning that the seeds of ginseng were disseminated in mountainous forest and the plants grew naturally without pesticide and fertilizer. The accumulation of ginsenosides in LXSS and profile comparison between garden ginseng and LXSS were studied, thus a chromatographic method to distinguish LXSS from garden ginseng was established. In the study, external standard method and multi-components quantification with one marker based on the peak area recorded on HPLC were applied to determine the contents of components in LXSS. Correlation analysis was used to find the correlations between ginsenoside contents and growing years, between appearances and growing years of LXSS. It was found that most components exhibited a trend of first increasing, and then stablizing before finally declining, with the ratio of protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides decreasing in LXSS. The total weight and length of LXSS were positively correlated to the growing years. The results provided the scientific bases for the optimal collection time of LXSS. Fingerprints of LXSS and garden ginseng were also set up with ginsenoside Rb1 as reference peak, and 19 and 13 characteristic peaks were identified, respectively. Analysis of components between ginsenosides Re and Rf showed that ginseng samples from different sources were characterized with peak numbers and ratios in this area. Those of LXSS showed several peaks eluted just before ginsenoside Rf, while those of garden ginseng embodied a relative high peak with retention time at 24.3 min.

 Key words: Lin-Xia-Shan-Shen (LXSS), ginsenosides, accumulation trend, HPLC fingerprint.


Resistant (R) strains of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii were developed against the three new insecticides viz., indoxacarb, spinosad and tebufenozide through 40 cycles of selection in the laboratory selection pressures. The resistant factor observed was 8.7, 4.8 and 2.4 folds in resistant strain over susceptible strain of T. chilonis for indoxacarb, spinosad and tebufenozide, respectively. Mode of inheritance of insecticides tolerance studied using respective resistant 'R' and susceptible 'S' strains of T. chilonis. The degree of dominance (D) of indoxacarb tolerance was incomplete recessive for tolerant females and semi dominant for tolerant males. For spinosad, dominance levels were semi dominant for resistant females and incomplete recessive for resistant males. For tebufenozide, resistance was governed by semi dominant gene for resistant females and incomplete recessive gene for resistant males. The backcrossing of F1 progeny with tolerant parent indicated that strong resistance gene was coded by the coordination of genes already present in indoxacarb male genotype, for both spinosad and tebufenozide R female.


This article emerges from a project that examines the relationship between forms of labour, in the context of managerially directed organisational and cultural change, in a light engineering firm on Tyneside. This material is situated within contemporary and historical accounts of workplace interaction. The paper will address the new emphasis on culture and its manipulation, that is increasingly forming a locus of interest in current literature. Whilst stressing that there is much in these accounts that was common in earlier writing the paper draws out what is distinctive about contemporary concerns. These issues are developed in the empirical account through an analysis of the manipulation of difference along the axes of gender, age and skill. The findings are located within a wider framework of the shift from post figurative to cofigurative culture. In this view there is a reworking of both the substantive relations between generations and in the form of relationships of age and gender. The result of this analysis is an account which, whilst stressing the radical change that has taken place nevertheless recognises that even the `cleansed culture' is subject to contradictions stemming from the employment relationship. Further, that within the context of the social reproduction of the workplace, shopfloor experience is chronically implicated in the construction of autonomous cultures. As such the analysis provides a more positive interpretation of resistance to such change than that available in many recent accounts.


A "STEP STREET" IS THE RESULT OF SPECIAL TREATMENT GIVEN TO A STEEPLY GRADED RIGHT-OF-WAY WHEREBY THE ROADWAY IS DEAD-ENDED IN A SWING-AROUND AND THE STREET CONTINUES AS A PEDESTRIAN WAY UP OR DOWN A SERIES OF STAIRWAYS. IN NEW YORK CITY THERE ARE MORE THAN 100 STEP STREETS, OVER 70 OF THEM BEING WITHIN THE COUNTY OF THE BRONX. AN EXAMPLE IS GIVEN OF A REHABILITATION PROJECT RECENTLY COMPLETED ON WEST 256TH STREET WHICH TERMINATES FOR VEHICLES IN A CUL-DE-SAC BUT CONTINUES AS A STAIRWAY TO AN INTERSECTION WITH SYLVAN AVENUE. TO IMPROVE IT WITH A STAIRWAY REQUIRED THE PROVISION OF FOOTINGS AND RETAINING WALLS. GRANITE STEPS WITH A 6-INCH RISE AND 14-INCH TREAD WERE SPECIFIED. TO ACCOMPLISH THE GRADE CHANGE OF 18 FEET, THREE FLIGHTS OF STEPS (8, 12 AND 12 STEPS RESPECTIVELY) WERE BUILT, WITH TWO RESTING PLATFORMS BETWEEN THEM. /AUTHOR/


Recently, the wearable computing technologies keep empowering a variety of fashion items. Each wearable fashion item is attractive and providing quite new possibilities in terms of new computing devices. However, the conceptual model that supports fashionable coordination among those items is not proposed yet. To address this problem, we present a coordination model for wearable fashion by utilizing the conceptual model of analog synthesizers. We show some behavior styles and these description method with schematic block diagram. A set of prototyping clothing based on the model is also presented for estimations.


An overview of the current status of the 8.2m Subaru Telescope constructed and operated at Mauna Kea, Hawaii, by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan is presented. The basic design concept and the verified performance of the telescope system are described. Also given are the status of the instrument package offered to the astronomical community, the status of operation, and some of the future plans. The status of the telescope reported in a number of SPIE papers as of the summer of 2002 are incorporated with some updates included as of 2004 February. However, readers are encouraged to check the most updated status of the telescope through the home page, http://subarutelescope.org/index.html, and/or the direct contact with the observatory staff.


Summary of the content and conclusions of the conference DiningD: interdisciplinary perspectives on the 'Funerary Banquet' in ancient art, burial and belief


Quantum Key Exchange (QKE, also known as Quantum Key Distribution or QKD) allows communicating parties to securely establish cryptographic keys. It is a well-established fact that all QKE protocols require that the parties have access to an authentic channel. Without this authenticated link, QKE is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. Unfortunately this fact is frequently overlooked, resulting in exaggerated claims and/or false expectations about the potential impact of QKE. In this paper we present a systematic comparison of QKE with traditional key exchange protocols in realistic secure communication systems.


BACKGROUND
Glycemic variability is an important factor to consider in diabetes management. It can be assessed with multiple glycemic variability metrics and quality of control indices based on Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) recordings. For this, robust, repeatable calculation is important. A widely used tool for automated assessment is the EasyGV software. The aim of this work is to implement new methods of glycemic variability assessment in EasyGV and to validate implementation of each glucose metric in EasyGV against a reference implementation of the calculations.

METHODS
Validation data used came from the JDRF CGM study. Validation of the implementation of metrics that are available in EasyGV software v9 was carried out and the following new methods were added and validated: PGS (personal Glycemic State), IGC (Index of Glycemic Control), times in ranges, and GVP (glycemic variability percentage). Reference values considered as gold standard calculations were derived from Matlab implementation of each metric.

RESULTS
The Pearson correlation coefficient was above 0.98 for all metrics, except for Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursion (MAGE, r=0.87) as EasyGV implements a fuzzy logic approach to assessment of variability. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated validation of the new software.

CONCLUSIONS
The new freely available EasyGV software v10 (https://www.phc.ox.ac.uk/research/technology-outputs/easygv) is a validated, robust tool for analysing different glycemic variability and control metrics.


Drought stress is the most common adverse environmental condition that can seriously reduce crop productivity. Increasing crops resistance to drought stress would be the most economical approach to improve agricultural productivity and to reduce agricultural use of fresh water resources. As a result, understanding of the mechanisms of drought tolerance and breeding for drought-resistant crop plants has been the major goal of plant biologists and crop breeders. We evaluated ten oat cultivars under stressed and non-stressed conditions using a randomized complete block design in 2004 and 2005. The drought tolerance indices, GMP, MP and STI were determined as best indices, which can be used in breeding programs. The cultivar Paisley was found to be good for cultivation under stressed conditions, but other cultivars (Derby and Donald) had low yield and were not suitable for cultivation in Shahrekord region.


It is not unusual for tetanus, either general or local, to develop following trauma. Generalized tetanus following surgical operations, however, is rare, and local cephalic tetanus following surgical procedures is extremely rare. Therefore, a case of cephalic tetanus following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy is here reported. REPORT OF A CASE History.—S. W. was a white boy aged 9 years whose family history did not reveal tuberculosis, syphilis or cancer. The child had diphtheria at the age of 5 and whooping cough at the age of 7, and he was vaccinated against smallpox at the age of 7. He was admitted to the Children's Hospital on Sept. 19, 1933, in the service of Dr. J. S. Otto, with the history that on September 2 tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy had been performed. Recovery was uneventful until September 15, thirteen days later, when the patient awoke in the morning to find that his jaws


The subject of this paper is the dynamics of metrics generated by measure-preserving transformations. Sequences of averaged metrics are considered together with the -entropies of the measure with respect to these metrics. The main result gives a criterion for the spectrum of a transformation to be pure point; specifically, it is shown that the scaling sequence for the -entropies with respect to the averages of an admissible metric is bounded if and only if the automorphism has a pure point spectrum. This paper pertains to a series of papers by the author devoted to the asymptotic theory of sequences of metric measure spaces and its applications to ergodic theory.


Introduction PART ONE: SURVEY DESIGN The Nature of Survey Research The Survey Process Sampling Procedures Questionnaire Construction The Data Collection Stage Coding Practices Designing a Survey PART TWO: DATA ANALYSIS The Process of Data Analysis Single-Variable Statistics Statistical Inference for Means Two-Variable Tables Measures of Association Control Tables Correlation and Regression PART THREE: SURVEY GUIDELINES Writing Survey Reports Evaluating Surveys The Ethics of Polls


Presented here is an efficient facsimile data coding scheme (CSM) which cambines an extended run-length coding technique with a symbol recognition technique. The CSM scheme first partitions the data into run-length regions and symbol regions. The run-length regions are then coded by a modified Interline Coding technique, while the data within the symbol region is further subpartitioned into regions defined as symbols. A prototype symbol library is maintained, and as each new symbol is encountered, it is compared with each element of the library. These comparisons produce a signature for the new symbol. A tolerance threshold is used to evaluate the "goodness" of the comparison. If the tolerance threshold indicates a matching symbol, then only the location and the library address need be transmitted. Otherwise the new symbol is both trans-mitted and placed in the library. For finite sized libraries a scoring system determines which elements of the library are to be replaced by new prototypes. Simulation results are demonstrated for both CCITT and Xerox standard documents.


Recently developed co-design methods ask for users' creative outcomes all through the design process. Designers are familiar with the creative process but users are not. The heuristic tasks given to users should reveal their creativity and harness it for high-quality outcomes. Contextmapping is a new co-design method following the same need as others; the method involves generative sessions in which users are asked to create artifacts communicating their needs and dreams about future products. Children are taking part in these processes and their involvement requires an understanding about their needs and abilities. Contextmapping with children has many aspects yet to be discovered, one of which is harnessing children's creativity during generative sessions. This forms the basis for this research. The thesis traces an overview of creativity, co-design with children, contextmapping with children and children's creativity. The literature review opens a new area for investigation about using competition, which is seen both detrimental and challenging for eliciting creativity from children, as a motivation during contextmapping activities. The empirical study is formed from six sessions aiming to find an answer to the effects of cooperation and competition on children's creativity during contextmapping sessions in regard to gender differences. The analyzed and discussed findings show that competition is a motivating element and has positive impacts on children's creativity, it increases children's motivation towards contextmapping tasks and the outcomes of the sessions are more appropriate to the expectations of the task.


We present a self-consistent modelling of the available light curve and radial velocity data of WASP-47 that takes into account the gravitational interactions between all known bodies in the system. The joint analysis of light curve and radial velocity data in a multi-planetary system allows deriving absolute densities, radii, and masses without the use of theoretical stellar models. For WASP-47 the precision is limited by the reduced dynamical information that is due to the short time span of the K2 light curve. We achieve a precision of around 22% for the radii of the star and the transiting planets, between 40% and 60% for their masses, and between 1.5% and 38% for their densities. All values agree with previously reported measurements. When theoretical stellar models are included, the system parameters are determined with a precision that exceeds that achieved by previous studies, thanks to the self-consistent modelling of light curve and radial velocity data.


This paper describes several experiments to explore the options for solving a class of mixed integer nonlinear programming problems that stem from a real-world mine production planning project. The only type of nonlinear constraints in these problems are bilinear equalities involving continuous variables, which enforce the ratios between elements in mixed material streams. A branch-and-bound algorithm to handle the integer variables has been tried in another project. However, this branch-and-bound algorithm is not effective for handling the nonlinear constraints. Therefore state-of-the-art nonlinear solvers are utilized to solve the resulting nonlinear subproblems in this work. The experiments were carried out using the NEOS server for optimization. After finding that current nonlinear programming solvers seem to lack suitable preprocessing capabilities, we preprocess the instances beforehand and use an heuristic approach to solve the nonlinear subproblems. In the appendix, we explain how to add a polynomial constraint handler that uses IPOPT as embedded nonlinear programming solver for the constraint programming framework SCIP. This is one of the crucial steps for implementing our algorithm in SCIP. We briefly described our approach and give an idea of the work involved.


Final filtration with a 0.2-μm filter is considered one of the simplest unit operations. Because it is the last step in the process, however, it is a critical step for successful manufacturing. Filter clogging can occur primarily because of molecular aggregation and can result in deterioration of product quality and longer processing times and thus, loss of plant capacity. This article is the 11th in the "Elements of Biopharmaceutical Production" series. It presents a case study Investigating the root cause of failures in sterile filtration by evaluating the effects and interactions of four operating parameters: hold temperature, concentration, hold time, and pH. It is shown that the use of statistical modeling can be effective in solving such problems.


Rice is one of the main cereals that present high response to zinc addition. The present study assessed the effect nutrition and initial growth of rice crop, cultivar BRS-Soberana, different sources of Zn application on seeds, from two. A completely randomized design was used, with three replications. Treatments used were zinc from sulphate and oxide sources in five dosages of 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 and 8.0g of Zn per kg of seed, and an untreated control. Levels of zinc and its accumulation, as well as dry matter from the aerial part and the roots of the plants were evaluated thirty days after seed planting. The zinc sulphate did not differ from the oxide source when considering production of dry matter in the rice seedlings, although it propitiated higher Zn absorption by the plants. The addition of zinc as sulphate and oxide at an 8g Zn.kg -1 of seed dosage propitiated higher dry matter production, attaining 281 e 163 mg.kg -1 nutrient levels respectively, in the aerial part of the plants.


As a new type of two-dimensional material, MXene has been extensively known due to its various functional groups. The profuse surface terminated functional groups bring good conductivity and hydrophilicity to MXene, make it a good material for batteries. In this article, the synthesis, properties and batteries applications of MXenes were introduced, and the current challenges and outlook for future research on MXene applications was discussed.


Computer Assisted Mass Appraisal (CAMA) is one of the technical foundations to the imposition of property tax at the moment in China. This paper first gives a comparative summary of traditional valuation approaches, which are the sales comparison approach, the income approach, and the cost approach. According to the characteristic of real estate in domestic and the availability of relevant basic data, it then presents an improved sales comparison approach, which combines hedonic price model with trading cases. The new approach is empirically tested by selecting second-hand house trading cases in City of Dongguan in China, and currently implemented in taxation bureaus in 11 provinces in China. The result shows that the proposed approach improves the accuracy of mass appraisal significantly compared with traditional sales comparison approach in China.


The article deals with practical and theoretical questions of modern education, conducts search for new forms, methods, means and regularities of aesthetic culture of school children. The author considers the formation of primary school children aesthetic culture by means of choreography and the attitude of parents and teachers to this process.


The reaction of [PPN]2[Ru5C(CO)14] 1 or [PPN]2[Ru6C(CO)16] 2 [PPN+ = (PPh3)2N+] with Pt(II) compounds of general formula [PtX2Cl2] [X2 = (COD), (PPh3)2 and (PPh3)(CO)] (COD= 1,5-cyclooctadiene) have been investigated and the products of simple or double addition, viz. [Ru5PtC(CO)14(COD)] 3, [Ru5PtC(CO)14(PPh3)2] 4, [Ru5PtC(CO)15(PPh3)] 5, [Ru5Pt2C(CO)15(PPh3)2] 6, [Ru6PtC(CO)16(COD)] 7, [Ru6Pt2C(CO)15(COD)2] 8, obtained. The molecular and crystal structures of 3-8 have been established by single crystal X-ray analysis. Compounds 3-7 all contain an intact Ru core with Pt fragment(s) capping triangular or square faces. The resulting mixed-metal core is octahedral for the clusters Ru5Pt and face-capped octahedral for the clusters RunPtm (n = 5 or 6; m = 2 or 1). Only compound 8 did not follow this pattern, with the Pt fragments bridging two Ru-Ru edges of the otherwise unaltered Ru6C core.


Emerging market MNEs often seek to advance their domestic competitive advantage through a springboard FDI strategy, which typically takes the form of an acquisition into a developed market (DM) for knowledge resources. We argue that if this strategy is effective and beneficial, then an emerging market parent firm would seek for higher ownership and control in its later domestic acquisitions. Such benefits would be higher if there are richer knowledge resources in a DM subsidiary or in a DM local network. Such benefits would also increase over time because of the accumulation of new knowledge back home. Using a sample of 1,303 complete domestic acquisitions made by 713 Turkish firms over the period of 1987-2013, including 196 deals involving a springboard FDI strategy, we have found highly supportive empirical evidence. It is found that holding a DM subsidiary by a Turkish parent firm is associated with 33.047% higher ownership in a later domestic acquisition. Both research and practical implications are discussed.


It has been recognized by the Industry that using accurate values of winding resistances of transformers on a Power System is paramount to the accuracy of the GIC Power System model and consequently on the accuracy of the calculation of the GIC flow in the Power System. Also, it has been recognized by the authors of this paper that the method, commonly used by the Industry for the calculation of the Additional VAR demand caused by GIC, is not sufficiently accurate for some transformer types, and in fact, incorrect for other transformer types. This paper presents results of a comprehensive study performed by the authors to demonstrate the significant impact that accurate values of transformer winding resistances, correct core types, and correct calculation of the VAR Demand on the results of the evaluation of the vulnerability of the power system to GIC. The most significant finding from this study is that the actual magnitudes of the Total VAR Demand on the system is a fraction of what was calculated using original values of winding resistances, core types, and calculation methods commonly used in the Industry for the calculation of VAR Demand. This is of a significant impact on the System Vulnerability to GMDs.


Environmental health departments in the Caribbean continue to contend with environmental determinants of health related to an increasingly complex array of challenges, including climatic change, disasters, pollution, bioterrorism, and global pandemics. Building the human resource capacity to meet these challenges requires access to modernized, context-relevant training, especially for environmental health inspectors who interface with the public. This study focuses on the standardized Three-Step training program delivered by education institutions across the Caribbean, which is the primary training required by ministries of health for entry into the environmental health inspectorate. A total of 22 focus groups were completed in five countries—Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, and Trinidad and Tobago—with 94 participants drawn from the education institutions delivering training and the inspectors who have received the training. Findings suggest: program strengths in core academic content; weaknesses in faculty experts to deliver advanced subjects; opportunities for enhancing field-training experiences in collaboration with ministries; and threats to program survival due to bottlenecks in public sector hiring that reduce the attractiveness of entering the profession. Interestingly, academic trainers and practitioners differ on the importance of certain knowledge sets, such as legal and court procedural skills and epidemiological data analysis. As ministries of health in these countries contemplate ways to modernize the inspectorates, these findings can guide how ministries and education institutions work together to modernize the Three-Step training program. Points for practitioners Environmental health inspectors interfacing with the public are well placed to contribute perspectives to the public health modernization discourse. Formal training programs must be periodically and frequently recalibrated to societal needs and the state of the art in subject area knowledge. Strengthening the local teaching institutions' capacity to deliver relevant educational programs will translate into better-prepared frontline professionals. Formal training lags in integrating some emergent subject areas, such as climate change and environmental health determinants.


script prepared by his famous namesake. The author comes to the conclusion that the manuscript is the oldest version of the Italian rite and is based almost entirely upon the original Palestinian rite. In order to demonstrate it he gives not only liturgical proofs but also the a priori proof of the close relationship between the Jewry of Italy and that of Palestine. The second half of the book gives a full analysis of the contents of the Seder Hibbur Berakot and thus makes the work available for further study by other scholars. It is to be hoped that the author will have the opportunity of making an edition of the complete text of this unique liturgical work.


Chao Phraya Yomraj hospital had used HAART for the HIV-infected children since 2003 which decreased the rates of mortality and opportunistic infections. The objectives of this retrospective study were to explain the demographic data, mode of transmission, formula of antiretroviral drugs, growth status and to compare the HAART outcomes at 6, 12 months. Those were the mean of the standard growth data ( weight for age Z score (WAZ), height for age Z score (HAZ), body mass index Z score (BMI-Z) ) and the immune status data (CD4%,CD4 count). The data enrolled 55 cases which were collected from OPD cards, IPD records and the HIV-infected children clinic charts from March 2003 to December, 2008. The analysis-data methods were percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum and repeated measures ANOVA. Results of the study revealed that 55 cases of HIV-infected children, mostly in the 6-10 age group (52.73%), the 0-5 year group coming second (29.09), mean of age was 8.17 year (2-13.33 year), the ratio of male and female was 1 : 1.2, all cases were infected via vertical transmission from mother to child, 78.18 percent of the cases had received the first regimen. The growth status data of WAZ, HAZ, BMI-Z before treatment were -2.23, -1.86, -1.43, respectively. The immune status data of CD4 % and CD4 count before treatment were 6.99 percent and 163.13 cell/ mm 3 , respectively. Key words: weight, height, body mass index, HAART, HIV, AIDS The variable data of WAZ, HAZ, BMI-Z, CD4%, CD4 count at 0, 6, 12 months were compared and showing statistically differences ( p < 0.05 ) in WAZ, BMI-Z, CD4%, CD4 count. The results can be useful to early detect drug resistance or poor adherence. In conclusion, HAART in HIV-infected children can improve growth and immune status after 6 months of the therapy.


Continuous Software Engineering (CSE) activities, i.e., rapidly delivering new software functionality to software users and implementing received feedback, have became an established development practice for creating interactive systems. The frequency of software changes turns the feedback loop with users into a critical element of CSE that has not been addressed sufficiently; thus, it may be challenging for developers to understand users' software usage. This research project aims to enable a better understanding of users during CSE. We investigate relevant usage knowledge needs, the unobtrusive collection of usage data by software and hardware sensors, how usage data can be related to feature increments, and ways to externalize tacit usage knowledge. Leveraging these insights, we develop a platform to monitor, visualize, and understand usage knowledge to support developers during the design and development of interactive systems. The overall goal is to accurately fit the functionality of interactive systems to user needs.


The famous inscription (pl. iii, I) from Orange, forming part of a tabula censualis and enumerating parcels of land called merides, together with their lessees, sureties and land-tax, has been the subject of several learned commentaries since its discovery in 1904. These have established that the merides are not plots of agricultural land, but of urbanised property. Their position in the urban area is, however, less certain. It has been thought that they fronted upon the kardo of the surveyors; but this interpretation of the abbreviation ad K, which concludes the tabulation of each plot, is convincingly shown in an article to be published in this Journal to be supplanted by the expansion ad k(alendarium), meaning the 'municipal register of debtors'.


A wavelength-band selection filter using a metal-coated polymer holographic grating and utilizing surface plasmon resonance for use in optical wireless communication is proposed. The proposed device is mainly composed of a total internal reflection prism, the hypotenuse surface of which is covered with a metal-coated volumetric polymer holographic grating. The feasibility of the proposed device for use as a wavelength-band selection filter was tested experimentally


The precise biologic functions and mechanisms of oncogenic KrasG12D (Kras*) in therapeutic resistance, including immune therapy, are not understood. Here, utilizing a colorectal cancer (CRC) mouse model engineered with an inducible Kras* transgene and conditional null APC and Trp53 alleles (iKAP) that we recently established (Boutin et al., Gene & Development 2017), we observed that KRAS*-expressing invasive tumors possess a prominent immune-suppressive profile characterized by a preponderance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Integrated transcriptomic and genomic analyses identified the Interferon Regulatory Factor 2 (IRF2) gene as a key downstream target of KRAS* mediating tumor progression and immune suppression. Mechanistically, integrated transcriptomics, cytokine profiling and ChIP-seq analysis identified CXCL3 as a key direct target of IRF2, and pharmacologic inhibition of CXCL3 or its receptor CXCR2 resulted in suppression of MDSC migration and infiltration in KRAS*-expressing CRC tumors. Translational studies established that de novo anti-PD1 resistance of KRAS*-expressing tumors can be overcome by enforced IRF2 expression or by treatment with small-molecule CXCR2 antagonist SX-682. Correspondingly, CRC patient tumors with higher IRF2 expression show increased response to anti-PD1 therapy. This KRAS*-mediated immune suppressive mechanism provides a framework for patient selection and combination therapies to enhance the effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in advanced CRC. Citation Format: Wenting Liao, Michael Overman, Adam Boutin, Scott Kopetz, Ron DePinho, Alan Wang. KRAS-IRF2 axis drives immune suppression and immune therapy resistance in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers; 2018 Dec 9-12; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(5_Suppl):Abstract nr B52.


The in-plane dynamic characteristic of the cable-stayed curved beam structure is investigated.Using the Hamilton variation principle,the linear equations governing the motion of the cable and the curved beam and the boundary conditions of the cable-stayed curved beam structure are obtained.Then with given displacement boundary conditions of the cable-stayed curved beam,the eigenvalue of the cable and the curved beam can be derived.Moreover,the natural frequencies of the cable-stayed curved beam structure are obtained.By comparing with the results of the finite element method,the effects of radius and section of the curved beam and inclined angle of the cable on the natural frequencies are discussed.The results show that the natural frequencies of the structure are related to the mass ratio of the cable to the curved beam,the radius of the curved beam,and the inclined angle of the cable.


Abstract
 We provide the first direct observation of intentional herbivory in sirenid salamanders and provide a literature summary that indicates that the phenomenon has been well documented, but often misinterpreted. Here we report direct observation of herbivory in Siren lactertina (Greater Siren) and Pseudobranhcus axanthus (Southern Dwarf Siren) and review indirect evidence of the same for S. intermedia (Lesser Siren). We believe that at least two species of sirenid salamanders are facultative herbivores, the only salamanders known to show such behavior, and this behavior may apply to all known species of Sirenidae.


Objective:To investigate the expression of Dnmt1 protein and its clinicopathologic significance in gastric carcinoma.Methods: The expression of Dnmt1 protein in 20 normal gastric tissues,40 gastric atypical hyperplasia tissues and 70 gastric carcinoma tissues were detected by SP immunohistochemistry method.Results: Dnmt1 expression showed an increasing tendency in normal gastric mucosa,gastric atypical hyperplasia and gastric carcinoma tissues ordinarily,and there were statistical differences between the groups(χ2=34.710,P0.01).The poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma tissues showed stronger nuclear immunoreactivity than the well-differentiated adenocarcinoma tissues,but there was no difference in the degree of histological differentiation(P0.05).The expression of Dnmt1 protein in gastric carcinoma was not correlated with the clinicopathologic parameters: gender,age,the size of ulcer,lymph nodes metastasis,infiltration degree(P0.05),but was correlated with the vessel invasion(P0.05).Conclusion: The overexpression of Dnmt1 protein in gastric carcinoma tissues may be one of the important causes for the occurrence and development of gastric carcinoma.Dnmt1 might be a valuable marker for the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma in earlier period.


The Crypt and Bones at Rothwell, (or Rowell, as it is popularly called), because of the extravagant notions entertained and the exaggerated statements made with regard to them, have for many generations been classed among the marvels of Northamptonshire. It is now many years since I first heard of the "Bowell Bones" ; and the statements which had at one time or another reached me (and doubtless many other persons) amounted to this—That, in a crypt, much more ancient than the existing church, and co-extensive with a considerable proportion of its area, (which crypt had been discovered, a little subsequently to 1700 by the breaking in of a vault in digging a grave), there were human skulls and thigh bones, all of adult males, and some of a size unknown in this latter day, in such number as to indicate that they were remains of no less than 40,000 individuals: that these skulls and bones were symmetrically stacked, in ghastly order, in the murky recesses of that extended vault; which, for unknown ages, had been sealed to the prying eyes of human curiosity, and from which, during all that time, had been excluded the purifying light and air of our upper world : that these bones had been assigned to various races of men, and reasons as various offered why they had been thus deposited in this vault; and that it had been suggested severally that they were the remains of Saxons, of Danes, of the slain in battles during the wars of the Boses or the Cromwellian civil wars, and lastly of the victims of a plague which had decimated the population of the locality in the seventeenth century.


By their very nature, field-theoretical Hamiltonians are derived in momentum representation. To solve the corresponding integro-differential equations is more difficult than to solve the simpler differential equations in configuration space (`Schr\"odinger equation'). For the latter many different and very effective methods have been developed in the past. But rather than to Fourier-transform to configuration space - which is not always easy - the equations are solved here directly in momentum space, by using Gaussian quadratures. Special attention is given to the case where the potential in configuration space is linear and where the corresponding momentum-space kernel has an almost intractable 1/(\vec k - \vec k')^4 -singularity. Its regularization requires a certain technical effort, introducing suitable counter terms. The method is numerically reliable and fast, faster than other methods in the literature. It should be useful to and also applicable in other approaches, including phenomenological Schr\"odinger-type equations.


Outlook: • We forecast U.S. economic growth of +2.1% in 2020 and +2.0% in 2021. Recession odds remain modestly elevated due to the combination of slow growth and external threats, but the most likely path is still one of continuing expansion, in our view. • Two factors appear to hold the greatest risk. Despite recent suggestions of progress, the U.S. /China trade dispute holds considerable uncertainty with notable potential consequences. The harsh rhetoric and societal division of election-year politics could also strain U.S. economic sentiment. Handicapping the post-election policy landscape, however, likely holds more risk for financial markets than economic activity. • Consumers still in the driver's seat. Strong consumer fundamentals remain the U.S. economy's key source of support, but consumer sentiment and spending could be susceptible to negative developments.


One kind of the water flow generating apparatus, the apparatus comprising a frame, a first turbine and a second turbine, wherein the frame has a water inlet and a water outlet, the first turbine fixed to the frame, to rotate about a substantially vertical axis for rotation, the first a turbine having a turbine shaft, a vertical blade and a blade angle control means, and the second turbine is fixed to the chassis adjacent to the first turbine, to rotate about a substantially vertical rotation axis, the second turbine having a turbine shaft , a vertical blade and a blade angle control means, adapted to be secured inside the frame body of water, and the rack is provided so that water introduced through the inlet into the rack, and which is incorporated into the main driving two streams, with each stream driving each turbine, and then, the driving flow is guided so that it flows out through the outlet, each blade is controlling the flow angle relative to the drive by the blade angle control means, the flow of water thus introduced in the predetermined direction of rotation there is a large blade surface area to drive the turbine, while driving in the opposite direction, is introduced into the flow of water exhibits small surface area of the blade.


In 'Literature and Life', Deleuze remarks that all literature manifests as delirium, and, as such, the destiny of literature is to play itself out between two poles that create and reflect life back to itself: what the human desires, and the constant changes life imposes onto us. Taking Deleuze's statement as a point of departure concerning the power of social fiction, this article mobilizes the dystopian imagination as a tool to evaluate what language policies do as they channel human desire to shape linguistic practices. Specifically, this article explores the extent to which the literary dystopian lens can help us plot more desirable futures for multilingualism in education. Through a critical fabulation about India's three-language policy's effects in schools, we bear witness to this language policy's disciplinarian action, which reinforces linguistic hierarchies and territorial disputes present in this nation's history. Indeed, decisions on policies meant to assist linguistically minoritized students have often rested on complicated assumptions about what language means. These assumptions operate under liberal and neoliberal ideologies that commodify and narrow citizens' linguistic choices, thereby framing one's authority over language as something that exists outside the human mind. By approaching India's three-language policy as a futuristically fabulated case study, we reflect on the potentiality of dystopian narratives to function as an analytical method and a critical lens to anticipate ethical problems in language policies' design.


The article presents analysis of deliberative, reactive, and hybrid agent architectures usage in agent-based models of socio-ecological-economic systems. It was found that these three approaches are used by researches, however, there is no objective assessment of their application in relation to the considered tasks. The authors suggest to determine the optimal architecture of each type of agent model basing on classification of environments in which the agents must operate, and on the amount of information needed to make a decision and presence of past events memory that affects current decisions making. The developed approach was applied to identify the agent architecture model of the regional timber complex.


Environmental risk identification during environmental impact assessment of power transmission project is an important assurance to the progress.GIS(Geographic Information System,GIS) application in environmental impact assessment of power transmission project is introduced here as a new technique to indentifying the environmental sensitive area.A technique development and its structure of environmental sensitive area GIS are also represented.The steps of environmental sensitive area identification using the technology is illustrated,application results in environmental impact assessment are summarized.It is showed that environmental sensitive area GIS can be used as a new method and accessory tool to indentify environmental sensitive areas,which has wide perspective and practicability.


Advance refusals of medical treatment present complex dilemmas with ethical, moral and legal facets. A competent patient may refuse any treatment, even where the decision may lead to an untimely death. The same holds true with respect to an incompetent patient with an advance directive made when that patient was competent and there is no reason to believe that the patient has changed his or her mind. Advance statements arise from respect of patient autonomy and the introduction of The Mental Capacity Act 2005, which aims to provide consistently better protection and greater empowerment for vulnerable people and their autonomous rights. This article outlines how the patient's right to choose in advance how they are to be treated if not competent to make his own treatment decisions is a positive development in the law. However, it may be of limited effect, as the majority of people will probably never make an advance statement. As a result, we should educate both patients and doctors about their rights in r...


An investigation was conducted to study the ant associated with nigra scale(Parasaissetia nigra) in Yunnan rubber planting area.A total of 22 ant species were collected,belonging to 15 genera and 4 subfamilies,and Oecophylla smaragdina was the dominant species.Field survey found that the rubber trees with ants presented had higher probability damaged by the scale.To understand the interactions between the scale and ant,two rubber trees with ants and scales in a rubber plantation were selected,and the survey showed that there was a positive correlation between the amounts of the scales and ants.The more the ants presented,the more serious damage caused by the scales.The distance from the ant nests also affected the quantity of the scales,i.e.,the nearer the nest,the more the scale individuals presented.After ant isolation,the 2nd generation mortality of the scales and the parasitism rate of chalcids decreased,and accordingly,the scale population increased.These results demonstrated that the existence of ant protected the nigra scale,and their relationship was mutualism.


The study aimed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of injectable thiocolchicoside and methocarbamol (Dorsum) in non-specific back pain with muscle-tonic syndrome and myofascial back pain syndrome. Materials and methods. A multicenter comparative study was conducted. Ninety patients with non-specific back pain with muscle-tonic syndrome or myofascial back pain syndrome were examined, who were divided into groups of 30 patients: active group 1 — methocarbamol (Dorsum), active group 2 — thiocolchicoside, group 3 (control) — NSAIDs. The dynamics of pain syndrome were evaluated by VAS; the dynamics by needle ENMG (in half of patients in each group), and tolerability (evaluated only in active groups) were also assessed. Results. After 3 days of treatment, back pain decreased: by 48.9% in the injectable methocarbamol (Dorsum) group, by 35.5 % in the injectable thiocolchicoside group, and by 16.7 % in the NSAIDs group. After 3 days of treatment, the electromyographic signs of muscle spasm according to needle ENMG data disappeared: in 80 % (12 out of 15) of patients in the injectable methocarbamol (Dorsum) group, in 53.3 % (8 out of 15) of patients in the injectable thiocolchicoside group, and in 46.7 % (7 out of 15) of patients in the NSAIDs group. In the injectable methocarbamol (Dorsum) group, no complaints of tolerability were reported; in the injectable thiocolchicoside group, 23.3 % of patients (7 out of 30) reported side effects: 10 % (3 out of 30) — drowsiness, 6.7 % (2 out of 30) — nausea, of which 3.3 % (1 out of 30) —single vomiting and 6.7 % (2 out of 30) — epigastric pain. Conclusions. Injectable methocarbamol (Dorsum) was more effective than injectable thiocolchicoside in patients with non-specific back pain with muscle-tonic syndrome or myofascial back pain syndrome and showed better tolerability.


The paper explore and summarize the education content of the basic shared technology of the modern enterprise in the contemporary. According to the principles and the methods of system engineering, the basic shared technology of the modern enterprise can be separated into four subject, design technology, manufacturing technology, management technology, and information technology. Their research subjects respectively are design system, manufacturing system, management system, and information system, namely, four subsystems of a manufacturing enterprise. Thus the content of the basic shared technology of the modern enterprise are divided to four basic embranchments: advanced design system (ADS), advanced manufacturing system (AMS), advanced management system, and information system. Information technology has become the basic tools of industrial engineering. This paper gives mark graph of the basic shared technology in the development process of the modern enterprise based on the information technology, the content system graph of ADS and AMS. The ADS has a three dimension orthogonal system consisting of object; time and method. The AMS has a three levels structure consisted of manufacturing system, manufacturing mode and manufacturing technology. New models of advanced design system and advance manufacturing system have already been used for content system of ADVANCED DESIGN SYSTEM and ADVANCED MANUFACTURING SYSTEM that are the books of national level of China's "Eleventh Five-Year" Program Textbook. And the latter is evaluated as the "Exquisite Opus Textbook" in the national level of China's "Eleventh Five-Year" Program.


This paper examines how Information and Communication Technologies (henceforth ICT) have been recontextualized in Brazilian educational policies, between 1995 and 2007, from a discourse analytical perspective, focusing on the dialectic relations between structures and strategies, especially as far as teacher education is concerned. It is divided into four sections. The first one is an attempt to summarize concepts and relations involved. The second one deals with the architecture of so-called "emergent new order", by means of key words in the World Bank's discourse. The third section comprehends the recontextualization of the previous discourse in the policies developed by the Brazilian Ministry of Education. Finally, the fourth analyzes the consequences of technological determinism and substitution in competency based educational projects.


In the article the particularly coordinated action of enterprises in social and economical system municipal formation are analyzed. The features management of municipal enterprises are examined on the example of municipal formation. Suggested to perfect there work of by choosing rational strategies of control over current assets.


In order to evaluate the effect of soil pH and phosphorous element on growth and yield of tomato plant (Lycopersicom esculentum c.v Calji) in soil culturing, was conducted an experiment as factorial arrangement in completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was including different soil pHs (6, 7, 8) and the second factor was consisting phosphorous fertilizer (0, 40 and 80 mg P Kg -1 soil) in the form triple super phosphate. To provide nitrogen, 200 mgKg -1 urea was equally used to the plants. Then the traits of flower number, fruit number, plant yield, vitamin C, and TSS and chlorophyll index were recorded. Results indicated that the highest flower number was observed in pH=6.0 and P0 treatment and the lowest in pH=8.0 and P0 treatment. The greatest fruit number was in pH=6.0 and P0 or P40 and the least in pH=8.0 and P0 treatment. The highest chlorophyll amount obtained in pH=8.0 and P40 and the lowest in pH=6.0 and P0 or P40. Generally, application of 40 mg P Kg-1 soil than P0 and P80 had the best influence on the evaluated characteristics. Therefore in the conditions of this experiment, utilization of 40 mg P Kg -1 soil in pH=8.0 or pH=7.0 could improved the quantitative and qualitative traits of tomato plant and fruit.


BACKGROUND: The ACVBP regimen is an efficient induction regimen for poor‐risk patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) before consolidative autologous stem cell transplantation. Adjunction of the monoclonal anti‐CD20 antibody rituximab (R‐ACVBP) was recently found to be superior to ACVBP alone. This study assessed the impact of rituximab on stem cell mobilization in two similar consecutive groups of patients treated with ACVBP in two prospective, controlled trials.


SUBTITLE: THE FAA LIFTS OPERATING CERTIFICATES AT WILL UNDER SO-CALLED "EMERGENCY" PROVISIONS OF THE FARS, SOMETIMES WRONGLY SO: ONE WELL- KNOWN AVIATION CONSULTANT SAYS AIRLINES SHOULD SUE.


OBJECTIVE: To test the timing of treatment for status epilepticus (SE) in an experimental model. BACKGROUND: In the standard treatment of status epilepticus (SE), a benzodiazepine is the initial drug of choice. Since only half the patients respond to that initial treatment, a second drug is then injected, often followed by a third drug or an anesthetic. Recent studies have shown that seizure-induced trafficking of synaptic GABA A and glutamate receptors induces time-dependent pharmacoresistance. This might suggest that giving two or three drugs from the outset might reduce pharmacoresistance and improve outcome. DESIGN/METHODS: We used a rat model of severe SE induced by high-dose lithium and pilocarpine (Tetz et al 2006). In a first experiment, we varied the time of treatment, and measured seizure frequency or severity. In a second experiment, we treated one group (sequential polytherapy) with a benzodiazepine, followed 30 minutes later by valproate, and 30 minutes later with ketamine. Another group (simultaneous polytherapy) received the same dose of the same drugs as initial treatment. RESULTS: Refractoriness to benzodiazepine monotherapy correlated with cumulative EEG power, suggesting that time-dependent pharmacoresistance increases with seizure burden rather than with time elapsed. Simultaneous polytherapy was far more effective in terminating SE and in reducing SE-associated neuronal injury than sequential polytherapy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pharmacotherapy for GE is most effective when given early in the course of SE. These results imply that therapeutic trials in SE should include a polytherapy arm, and that early treatment improves results, confirming a large body of preexisting evidence in animal models and in human trials. Study Supported by: the Research Service of VHA, by grants NS13515 and NS 05974 from NINDS, and by the James and Debbie Cho Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Wasterlain has nothing to disclose. Dr. Baldwin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Niquet has nothing to disclose. Dr. Suchomelova has nothing to disclose.


The term Electronic Learning or e-Learning is being used with increasing frequency these days as the possibility for getting knowledge and information out to the learner at her/his own pace has opened a whole new world for knowledge transfer. In recent years avenues of knowledge dissemination have changed from "tech-nology-supported learning, distance learning and distance education" to "online learning and web-based train-ing" to "e-learning". Today, e-learning allows us to share and manage knowledge and skills of the professionals who work in our colleges and universities, and to get the right information to the right people, when and how they need it. Teachers and learners must realize that new opportunities are offered by modern on-line communication. A person with basic Internet and Web skills is open to a whole new world of knowledge, from free Web surfing and self-organized education - through on-line resources and familiarization with Internet culture, its places, sites, search engines etc. - up to a more structured approach.