In this work, we report on the epitaxial growth of high-quality cubic indium oxide thick films on c-plane sapphire substrates using a two-step growth process. The epitaxial relationship of In2O3 on (0001) Al2O3 has been investigated. The (222) plane spacing and lattice parameter of a most strain-relaxed high-quality In2O3 film have been determined to be 292.58 pm and 1013.53 pm, respectively. The electronic properties in dependence of the film thickness are interpreted using a three-region model. The density at the surface and interface totals (3.3±1.5)×1013cm-2, while the background electron density in the bulk was determined to be (2.4±0.5)×1018cm-3. Furthermore, post treatments such as irradiation via ultraviolet light and ozone oxidation have been found to influence only the surface layer, while the bulk electronic properties remain unchanged.


Destratification of thermally stratified open channel flow by surface cooling is investigated using direct numerical simulation. The initial states are the equilibrium states resulting from radiative heating. Using these states as initial conditions a series of direct numerical simulations was run with radiative heating removed and a constant, uniform cooling flux applied at the upper surface. The flow evolves until the initial stable stratification is broken down and replaced by unstable stratification driven by surface cooling. The destratification process is described with reference to the evolution of the internal structure of the turbulent flow field. Based on these observations we conclude that the dominant time scales in the flow from the perspective of destratification are the time scales associated with shear t τ , convection t ∗ and stable density stratification t N . Scaling arguments are then used to derive a scaling relationship for destratification rate as a function of a friction Richardson number Ri τ = ( t τ /t N ) 2 and a convection Richardson number Ri ∗ = ( t ∗ /t N ) 2 . The relationship takes the form D N = C 1 Ri − 1 τ + C 2 Ri − 1 ∗ , where D N is the destratification rate non-dimensionalised with respect to t N . The relationship is compared with simulation results and is shown to accurately predict the destratification rate in the simulations across a range of parameters. This relationship is then integrated to give a formula for the time taken for the flow to destratify.


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between youth with psychopathic tendencies, their externalizing behaviors problems, and personal narrative coherence and richness. Participants were referred by the juvenile court system to an observation and assessment program and included 33 youth (ages 10-17 years) and their parents. The following measures were collected: Child Behavior Checklist, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Psychopathy Screening Device, and a Personal Narrative Interview. Youths and parents were in agreement in judging the youths' externalizing problems and the youths' impulsivity, but not the youths' callous/ unemotional traits. Parents were consistent among themselves in judging associations between their youths' externalizing problems and the youths' impulsivity, as well as with the youths' callous/ unemotional traits. The youths, however, saw no connection between their externalizing problems and their impulsivity or their callous/unemotional traits. Neither personal narrative coherence nor richness correlated with verbal IQ. Callous/ unemotional traits were not correlated with narrative coherence, but were negatively correlated with narrative richness. These patterns offer important implications for future research and treatment of youth with psychopathic tendencies.


This book is recommended to post-graduate students and researchers in the area of intelligent control systems and their application to power system control.


. Restorative justice and diversion in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System are the state's policy which providing protection for juvenile conflicting with the law. Diversion using restorative justice approach is expected for resolving juvenile's cases by focusing on recovery rather than retaliation, thus preventing juvenile from processing in the criminal justice system. A diversion agreement is an approval to accomplish a case by taking into account the needs of the parties. The juvenile and / or his family strive to fulfill the diversion agreement for avoiding the criminal justice process, so that this is need investigation in order the diversion agreement is carried out with consideration of juvenile's best interests. The diversion process is implemented with forgiveness, awareness, and compensation for the victim by paying attention towards the juvenile 's ability. The failure of both diversion and its agreement implementation, resulted in the continuing criminal justice process. The legal action of juvenile in the criminal justice system creates stigmatization for juvenile. Therefore, the diversion agreement should consider the best interest for juvenile, without giving a separate burden, for achieving the goal of diversion.


Source of power consumption for digital CMOS is analyzed and low power consumption technology of BIST for COMS VLSI is summarized in this paper. In order to reduce the internal switching activity rate of the circuit -under-test (CUT), we can recombine testing vector to raise the correlation between testing vector, an approach test pattern generation construction based on the Random Single Input Change (RSIC) test theory is proposed, which optimize the switching activity of circuit-under-test and then result in decrease of test power consumption, it is suitable for BIST of digital VLSI especially.


Transportation is a key to the economy and social welfare; it makes mobility more accessible and enhances the social and economic interactions. On the other hand, the increase of urban population, pollution and other negative impacts has directly affected the existing transportation system in Dar es Salaam City - Tanzania. As the transportation challenges cannot be overcome simultaneously due to the scarcity of financial resources, a decision support tool is needed to prioritize these challenges. In this study, a composite model of Vague Set Theory (VST) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to appraise the challenges. The Vague Analytical Hierarchy Process (VAHP) uses opinions of experts collected from a survey questionnaire. The computational results reveal the ranking in descending order of the urban transportation challenges as poor traffic management, inadequacy of proper public transit service and inadequacy of road transport infrastructure. The results also depict that the VAHP model is a useful decision support tool for transport planners, transport policy makers and other industry stakeholders.


RESUME: Polymorphous acne is a multifactorial disease, which is caused by the damage of sebaceous glands and follicles on the skin. 80% of teenagers and middle-aged people get this disease. The disease is characterized by seborrhea, formed comedone, inflammatory acne, abscess, pseudocyst and scar [184.108.40.206.10] Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases in puberty.occurs in varying degrees almost 90% of girls and 100% of boys. Peak incidence is usually associated with age 15–16 years old. It is most often detected at the age from 12 to 24 years old, after 25 years 8-10% of people face this problem, and after 35 years - 3%. In young people, due to anatomical and physiological features the disease is more severe and widespread character [1.3.5]. The development and course of dermatosis largely depends on genetic predisposition, type and color skin, national features. Studies by D. Fanta [1] showed that the probability of developing severe, long-term, torpid forms of the disease is about 50%, if both parents had it. The study of the distribution according to the severity of the course of dermatosis among different populations indicates the ethnic characteristics of the disease. It less often develops and proceeds in a milder form in Japanese and Chinese, while the Caucasian peoples there is a high frequency of occurrence and more severe course of the disease [220.127.116.11.12].


Persian medieval romance-writers drew their knowledge of Alexander from the PseudoCallisthenes, Syriac sources, the Koran and Arabic legends of the Dhil-Qarnain (the Twohorned), and to a minor extent Persian material. Most writers Persianize Alexander and justify his attack against Darius. They maintain the outlines of the Pseudo-Callisthenes, but change the portrait of Alexander. Under the influence of Diets and Sayings of the Philosophers and Islamic tradition, they present Alexander as a wise ruler, a sage, a zealous fighter for Islam, and a prophet. The Persian romances of Alexander are based on the *6 recension of the Pseudo-Callisthenes, the source also of Historia de Preliis of Archpresbyter Leo in the West. But the Alexander of the Persian romances is much more colorful than his Western counterpart. Firdawsi sends Alexander to the pilgrimage of Ka'bah. Nizimi celebrates him first as a king and conqueror, then as a sage and a prophet. In Iskandarndmah, in addition to being a zealous Moslem, Alexander becomes an ardent lover with numerous wives and concubines. Finally, Tarsuisi turns Alexander's story into a long and fabulous romance that barely resembles the Pseudo-Callisthenes. The following pages will present a composite portrait of Alexander in the romances mentioned above.


A radio-frequency tunable atomic magnetometer with a sensitivity of about 1 fT/Hz1/2 in a range of 10–500 kHz is demonstrated. The magnetometer is operated in the orientation configuration in which atoms are pumped to the stretched atomic state by a scheme based on indirect optical pumping using only one unmodulated, low-power laser. The magnetometer operates with cesium atoms, which have sufficient vapor pressure near room temperature to enable high magnetometric sensitivities. The technique enables a compact and robust module to be constructed that could become an in-the-field device.


The invention provides a method for improving the performance of paper stock in retention and drainage aiding. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, dispersing plant fiber materials for papermaking in water, beating the plant fiber materials with the beating degree being controlled to 25 to 70 DEG SR (Schopper-Riegler); secondly, feeding the evenly mixed slurry into the approach flow system of a paper machine, and adding CPAM (cationic polyacrylamide) as retention agent before feeding the slurry into a fan pump of the approach flow system; then, adding electronegative bentonite before feeding the slurry into a pressure screen or a head box, and adding APAM (anionic polyacrylamide) before feeding the slurry into the head box; and finally, papermaking forming on the paper machine, drying and obtaining the qualified paper. By adding excessive CPAM to the paper machine, the invention allows the action between CPAM and bentonite to form fine particles, and the further combination with APAM to form floccules, thereby providing draining channels in good conditions and further improving the drainage capacity during the forming process of the paper stock.


The article considers the possibility of using polymer materials for plain bearings in the form of monolithic plastic inserts and thin-layer polymer films. Thus, it is possible to create metal-polymer friction pairs. Positive aspects of such friction units are noted.


In this paper, a new sepic-flyback converter has been proposed, which is suitable for buck-boost topology. The proposed converter is superposition of sepic converter mode and flyback converter mode. Not only sepic mode output but also flyback mode output can be fully regulated by constant frequency PWM control. Merging sepic and flyback topology can share the transformer and power MOSFET. A new converter has outstanding advantages over the conventional dc-dc converters with respect to high efficiency, high power density, and component utilization. The operation principle of the proposed converter is described and verified by simulation and experimental result. Also this paper presents novel circuit and simulation result of new active sepic-flyback converter.


Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Vol. 25, No. 3, June 1997 Melbourne, Vic. 3205; $80.00; 120 204 mm; pp. 503. This manual is aimed at providing an abridged review of drug interactions that may be associated with anaesthetic agents and a quick reference source for the clinician. However, there are numerous inaccuracies in the text. For example, bretylium is described as a "quarternary adrenergic antagonist that is also an antiarrhythmic", and selegiline as a subtype (B) "minimum alveolar concentration inhibitor". The majority of the interactions with anaesthetics are theoretical or anecdotal and outdated. Further, the interactions associated with some new drugs are not well covered. For example, the potential for the serotonin syndrome with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is not mentioned. Although this manual is compact, it does not replace the MIMS annual. I cannot recommend this manual as an accurate and comprehensive reference for the practising anaesthetist. P. C. A. KAM Sydney, N.S.W.


This paper established a vibration model of an ICEvehicle.Neural network adaptive active vibration control techniques and mechanical passive vibration isolating methods were combined to get the control parameters modified and consummated automatically using adaptive control algorithm,and achieved optimal results eventually.It's verified by emulating using MATLAB language that the designed control system is more effective than both passive mechanical vibration isolation and semiactive vibration isolation(PID and fuzzy control),it has relatively higher adaptive abilities to environments,stronger robot properties and better vibration reducing effects.


In order to resolve differences in the reported data on thermal expansion, the lattice parameters of pure indium have been redetermined as functions of temperature over the range 27° to 106°C. The work was done independently on two cameras with good agreement in the results. The principal coefficient of thermal expansion along the a and b directions of the tetragonal structure is found to be independent of temperature and equal to 60.5 × 10−6 °C−1. A negative coefficient, which increases in magnitude with temperature, is obtained for the expansion along the tetragonal axis. The results are compared with those from earlier reports and discussed in relation to the available data on the elastic behaviour of the metal.


This paper is a review of literature on employer engagement with vocational education and training (VET). The aim was to review measures that may increase employer participation in skills training and outline how the VET system in Australia has engaged with employers and the issues associated with this. The paper addresses four specific issues: (1) the main features of the VET system in Australia to encourage employer participation in training; (2) the main indicators used to measure employer training activity; (3) the main evidence relating to the returns employers obtain from training; and (4) the main barriers to employers undertaking any/more training. The paper concludes that the major form of engagement is through the competency-based training system, which is manifested through training packages. Another way employers are encouraged to engage with VET is through competition amongst training providers. This provides employers with greater responsiveness and choice.


Fluorescence Macroscopy is a full field imaging system at low magnification. The interest is to rapidly observe large fields of view (~5x5 mm²). Fluorescence filters are used that select excitation and emission ranges of wavelengths. The spectral resolution is low. Confocal microscopy equipped with a spectral detector and several excitation lasers allows to acquire hyperspectral images. The spectral resolution is around 6-10 nm. The field of view is small and is about 500 x500 µm² with a good spatial resolution. The fusion or the multiset analysis of the two kinds of images should provide a link between the two scales of observation and therefore a strategy to develop multiscale acquisition.


Grassroots innovations emerge as networks generatin g in ovative solutions for climate change adaptation and mitigation. However, it is unclear i f grassroots innovations can be successful in responding to climate change. Little evidence exist s on replication, international comparisons are rar , and research tends to overlook discontinued respons es in favour of successful ones. We take the Transition Movement as a case study of a rapidly sp reading transnational grassroots network, and include both active and non-active local transition initiatives. We investigate the replication of grassroots innovations in different contexts with t he aim to uncover general patterns of success and failure, and identify questions for future research . An online survey was carried out in 23 countries (N=276). The data analysis entailed testing the eff ct of internal and contextual factors of success a s drawn from the existing literature, and the identif ication of clusters of transition initiatives with similar internal and contextual factor configuratio ns. Most transition initiatives consider themselves successful. Success is defined along the lines of s ocial connectivity and empowerment, and external environmental impact. We find that less successful transition initiatives might underestimate the importance of contextual factors and material resou rces in influencing success. We also find that thei r diffusion is linked to the combination of local-glo bal learning processes, and that there is an incubation period during which a transition initiat ive is consolidated. Transition initiatives seem capable of generalising organisational principles d rived from unique local experiences that seem to be effective in other local contexts. However, the geographical locations matter with regard to where transition initiatives take root and the extent of heir success, and 'place attachment' may have a ro le in the diffusion of successful initatives. We sugge st that longitudinal comparative studies can advanc e our understanding in this regard, as well as inform the changing nature of the definition of success a t different stages of grassroots innovation developme nt, and the dynamic nature of local and global linkages.


Wat den oorsprong dezer namen betreft, meende Gerini (Researches (in Ptolemy's Geography of Eastern Asia, p. 662 vg.), dal het duidelijk was, ..that Lambri and Ram! or Rimini represent the term Rambrï, meaning ..Rama's country", met with in Arakan, which is in its turn a corruption of Rama-bar or Rama-hari. the form it would assume in Southern Indian vernaculars." Yule bracht de namen in verband met "the verzino or brazil-wood of Aiucri


Sixteen Holstein cows in early lactation were assigned to a switch-back experiment consisting of two experimental periods 35 days in length separated by a 7-day changeover period. Treatments consisted of two feeding systems, alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage or alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. When cows were fed corn–alfalfa cube silage they consumed more forage, 2.26 vs. 2.16% of body weight per cow per day than when they were fed the alfalfa cubes with the silage. Fat-corrected milk yield was somewhat higher, 25.4 vs. 24.0 kg/day; fat percent and fat yield were greater, 3.13 vs. 2.70% and 918 vs. 814 g/day for corn–alfalfa cube silage as compared to cubes added at feeding time. However, milk yield was greater, 29.9 vs. 29.1 kg/day, and milk lactose percent was greater, 5.26 vs. 5.18% for cows fed cubes at feeding time compared to cows fed corn–alfalfa cube silage. There was no difference between feeding systems in blood minerals or metabolites with the exception of plasma urea nitrogen which...


This study examined the efficacy of pain relief strategies among infants receiving intramuscular immunization for diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT) in Kogi east, nigeria. Sixty infants were purposively selected for the study and randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: breastfeeding, EMLA™ cream and control. The infants in the breastfeeding group were breastfed by their mothers 60 minutes before the immunization, those in the EMLA group had EMLA cream topically applied 60 minutes before the immunization and those in the control group recieved no intervention. An observational checklist and an interview guide were used to collect data, which was then analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that most breastfed infants (60%) and most of those who had EMLA cream applied (55%) responded moderately to pain. There was a significant difference in the response to pain among the infants in the breastfeeding, EMLA, and control groups (F = 8.326; P < 0.05). Breas...


Abstract Exposure to population- and individual-level poverty, poor health, and negative life-events contributes to overall life adversity that may increase older adults risk of depression. We hypothesize that increased neighborhood-level multidimensional poverty and decreased proportions of within-neighborhood health promoting socio-demographic characteristics will be positively associated with depression among older Mexican adults. This study uses data from Wave 1 (2001) and Wave 3 (2012) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Wave 1 will be used for information for socio-demographic characteristics, including gender, female-headed households, rural settings, and employment status. Wave 3 will be used for information on self-reported depressive symptoms. Information for neighborhood characteristics will come from the 2000 Mexican Census that has been linked with the 2001 MHAS wave. Older Mexican adult's exposure to multidimensional poverty at the locality (city/town) level will be measured by the proportion of the population aged 15 and older with low education; the proportion of the population with low access to health care services; the percentage of homes with inferior construction materials; and the proportion of the population without sewage and running water. A multivariable logistic regression will be used to model the association between older Mexican adult's neighborhood and community characteristics in 2001 on depression in 2012. The expected findings will inform government policies to increase access to affordable housing, the availability of health care services, educational and employment opportunities, and public infrastructures such as transportation, water, and sanitation services, and energy services to reduce mental health burden.


The current status of the marine crab culture in China was reviewed and summarized in this article.It mainly addressed the following portions including: 1) mud crab industrial seedling technology and swimming crab ecological breeding in earthen ponds;2) the methods of the seedling transportation and intermediate rearing technique;3) the applications of biotechnologies in the breeding of seawater crab,such as microsatellite analysis and SSR technology;4) the models of seawater crab cultivation mostly with the multi-variety eco-breeding pattern.At the same time,the central problems that impacted the sustainable development of the industry were discussed,and the development goals of this industry were also put forward.


Abstract In the current scenario of galaxy evolution, supermassive black holes (SMBH) are present in almost all galaxies. To trigger nuclear activity, large amounts of material have to fall from kpc to pc and even smaller scales. Hence, an efficient angular momentum removal mechanism is needed. A growing black hole could still not be fixed in the gravitational potential well of the galaxy. This can be observed as a break in the symmetry between the global structure of the galaxy and the central source and could be part of the mechanism that drives material from the last hundred parsecs onto accretion in the SMBH. We present spatial profile decomposition of 16 galaxies observed with GNIRS (Gemini North) in the K long band. We have been able to measure off-centerings in 3 of 16 galaxies. We found a possible correlation between the presence of an off-centering and the SMBH mass.


Considering the difficulty of getting accurate model and inverse model of object on controlling the nonlinear system with IMC,nonlinear modeling method based on C-R model was introduced.On that basis,nonlinear fuzzy internal model control algorithm based on C-R model was proposed.C-R fuzzy model and inverse model were gotten by fuzzy identification,and then the fuzzy internal model control(FIMC)algorithm was constructed.The simulated example of the CSTR control system shows that,the proposed strategy is effective,feasible,and has good control performance.


Deep generative modeling on parametric Computer-Aided Design (CAD) data has great potentials in various industrial scenarios. However, the reasonable data augmentation for parametric CAD has not been solved yet, which limits the performance of the deep learning on parametric CAD data. Unlike images or language, parametric CAD data involves dual-aspects: command sequence and geometric shape. Hence, most previous data augmentation methods are unsuitable for this problem. To address this issue, we propose a novel mix-based augmentation method, namely Twins-Mix, keeping a well balance between the diversity and the validity of parametric CAD sequences, which significantly boost the performance of CAD generative modeling. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on the commonly used benchmark datasets, i.e., Fusion 360 and DeepCAD. The experimental results demonstrate that our model exceeds other comparable augmentations on CAD generative modeling significantly, especially in increasing the valid 3D shape construction ratio by at least more than 4%.


In this paper, we propose a sparse tensor regression model for multi-view feature selection. Apart from the most of existing methods, our model adopts a tensor structure to represent multi-view data, which aims to explore their underlying high-order correlations. Based on this tensor structure, our model can effectively select the meaningful feature set for each view. We also develop an iterative optimization algorithm to solve our model, together with analysis about the convergence and computational complexity. Experimental results on several popular multi-view data sets confirm the effectiveness of our model.


Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common chronic childhood-onset psychiatric disorders. ADHD persists in many cases into adulthood, the occurrence which...


With the expansion of the enterprise scale, the original single supplier model has gradually evolved into a supplier group model. The evaluation of the retailer by the supplier group will have a certain impact on the retailer's decision. At the same time, as the status of retailers increases, retailers gradually grasp the dominance of the supply chain and use their channel advantages to charge channel cost to suppliers. Therefore, it is necessary to study the coordination problem of the supply chain when there is a supplier group's evaluation of the retailer and the retailer is dominant. This paper establishes the supply chain coordination decision model under the stackelberg game model and finds that the wholesale price contract and the traditional revenue sharing contract cannot achieve the overall optimal supply chain.


The purposes of this study were to analyze economic impacts of sport for event`s visitor expenditure on host city using regional input/output analysis and thus to provide the fundamental information that is conducive to verify the economic value of hosting a sport for all event and to maximize the potential economic impacts produced by the event. In order to accomplish such purposes, this study conducted a survey with a total of 300 sport for all event, called National Sport for All Festival, visitors held in Busan Korea and used the 300 valid questionnaires. Also, the amount of investment by host city was estimated by using 2010 budget data from the city. The collected data were analyzed by using Input/Output Analysis program. Accordingly, following findings were derived from current study. First, out of town visitors to the host city were a total of 16,000 persons, the average expenditure of a visitor per day was 81,781 Korean Won and the average day of stay was 2.57. Thus, an amount of 1.308 billion Won was estimated to be the direct impact generated by the event. Second, the total amount of visitor expenditure had direct impacts on restaurant and accommodation sector, wholesale and retail sector, social and other service sector, and transportation sector in order. Third, the output multiplier effect was estimated 1.857 billion Won with Benefit Cost Ratio(BCR) of 0.62. Fourth, the value-added multiplier effect was estimated 0.907 billion Won with BCR of 0.25. Fifth, the income multiplier effect was estimated 0.728 billion Won with BCR of 0.20. Sixth, the indirect tax multiplier effect was estimated 0.093 billion Won with BCR of 0.026 Finally, the employment multiplier was estimated 20 full time equivalent persons. In conclusion, the key findings were discussed in depth and suggestions for both marketing strategies and future research were provided in this study.


This paper reviews a number of alternative bases of valuation which can be applied for lending purposes. In early 1999, the European Mortgage Federation suggested that the philosophy of a European Mortgage Lending Value (EMLV) should be based on "sustainable" values and this recommendation is compared to the current basis used for bank lending valuations, mainly market value. This comparison is of both concepts and applications. In addition, concepts and applications of worth valuations are considered. The paper concentrates on commercial property but many of the principles also apply to residential property valuations. The paper concludes that the EMLV concept of sustainable values is itself unsustainable. There are a number of reasons for this view, not least that the concept itself cannot be closely defined and will be interpreted differently by those who apply it. It lacks the objectivity of market value and the rationality of concepts of worth. The paper also questions whether any concept of value can apply over a period of time and suggests that all other "values" do not have a shelf life and relate to one specific point in time only. In application, in the absence of any meaningful conceptual basis, sustainable value appears to have been applied as a conservative market value. It may give the illusion of having some extended time horizon attached to it but this is the major danger. The reality is that it is just another product of the endless search for a single valuation figure which can give lenders the holy grail of longer‐term protection from lender default. This it will fail to do as all other bases applied so far to lending valuations have done. The recommendations of this paper are that all European institutions and valuer/appraisers resist this latest incursion into the fruitless search for the perfect loan valuation basis and concentrate on the other aspects of the valuation which can truly help lenders make their decisions. These are the economic, property market and occupier issues which should be considered by the appraiser and included as major items in valuation reports, many of which would be explicitly included in a full discounted cash flow approach to commercial property loan valuations.


Based on the Multiple Allele Hypothesis of male sterility,the male sterile lines Z05-31A of Chinese cabbage was used as a source of male sterility,and the fertile lines of flowering Chinese cabbage variety Chixin 4 as recurrent parent.The gene of male sterility was transferred to the flowering Chinese cabbage Chixin 4 by means of crossing,back-crossing,self-crossing and test crossing.The sterile rate and the sterility of Chixin 4 reached to 100%.Then the new AB line type I,new male sterile lines and their corresponding temporary maintainers of flowering Chinese cabbage were abtained from the transferred progenies.


Since 90s last century, the narratological study in the western world has undergone a gradual shift of paradigm from static narrative grammar, narrative structure and narrative discourse to a more dynamic mode in relation to other disciplinary studies. However, the narratological study in China is still dominated by the classical mode. The lack of effective communication with the international trend has handicapped our study in both depth and width.


This paper examines the role of market and nonmarket forces in affecting the rate and bias of technical change in agriculture. It examines the process of generation of innovations and investment in agricultural research and explorest in the context of political economy, the sources of deviation from the equilibrium rate and bias of technical change. It is argued that a theory of the rate and bias of technological innovation must go beyond the analysis of market forces because they explain only a fraction of changes in investment and productivity in agriculture. Such a theory must also take into account institutional forces which, on the one hand, distort and supplant market mechanisms and, on the other hand, act independently of prices on the determination of investment and productivity. In particular, the action of the state and its modes of intervention must play a central role in the analysis of investment in agricultural research. It is further argued that the roles played by the various actors involved in agricultural research--the state and the National Research Institutes, the International Agricultural Research Centers, and the private sector--are being redefined as research moves into the "Post-Green Revolution" era. In particular, the private sector is being increasingly involved in research, and the work done at the IARCs modifies the research priorities of the NRIs. New mechanisms of identification of research priorities, of coordination of research programs, and of participation of social groups affected by research need to be devised to increase efficiency and equity in the research effort. Empirical evidence in support of these propositions--and, for that matter, of any propositions concerning investment in research--is still fragmentary. Because of the inconsistencies in the existing data or the absence of data in certain areas (for instance, on investment on a commodity basis), the argument in this paper is mostly supported by cirmunstantial evidence and case studies. Attention has been mainly focussed on Latin America.


Social cognitive optimization (SCO) algorithm is presented based on human intelligence with the social cognitive theory. This paper improves the SCO algorithm with shrinking search in the Simulating Fisher fishing Optimization algorithm. Reactive power optimization is a typical high-dimensional, nonlinear, discontinuous problem. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has high convergence speed and is easy to implement, but it also exists precocious phenomenon. Considering minimum network loss as the objective function, make the simulation in standard IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 node system. The results show that the improved social cognitive optimization algorithm can achieve a better global optimal solution compared with PSO and SCO algorithms.


This chapter explores Cicero's apprehension, assessment, and exploitation of sophistic rhetoric in prosecuting his theoretical agenda concerning oratory. Cicero makes at least 119 historical and critical references to sophistic rhetoric in treatises and letters. From 35 critical references, Cicero recognized artistic merit in sophistic rhetoric and especially stylistic innovations in rounding sentences and prose rhythm. However, he complained about the sophists' claim to speak on any subject and their tendency toward an excessive and impractical style. Cicero applied the sophistic doctrine that the orator must speak on all subjects in De oratore , but, in correction of the sophists, he required that the orator must know the matters whereof he speaks. Likewise, he theorized about rounded sentences and prose rhythm in De oratore and Orator , but unlike the sophists, he envisioned their typical application in the courts and deliberative assemblies. Keywords: Cicero; De oratore ; Orator ; sophists


Introduction: Many patients with emphysema will develop cystic air spaces in the lung parenchyma known as bullae. Positive pressure ventilation increases the pressure in a bulla and increases the risk of rupture and tension pneumothorax. Therefore, anesthesia management, for surgeries other than lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), is challenging in these patients. CasePresentation: A 62-year-old male patient was brought to the emergency department due to a fall resulting in head trauma and a leak of CSF from a previous surgical site of a CP (cerebellopontine) angle tumor. The chest CT scan depicted bilateral bullae in the lungs. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with an inhalational method using Sevoflurane and spontaneous mask ventilation. Conclusions: Patients with bilateral bullae could be managed with spontaneous ventilation; one of the safe choices is inhalational induction and maintenance with Sevoflurane.


Background: Temporary restoration material is used when the treatment can not be finished in one visit, such as root canal treatment, inlay/onlay. Purpose: To know whether there are any differences in compressive strength and disintegration between dentorit, ZOE, and IRM (temporary restorations which are provided in RSGMP FKG UI) that are stored in artificial saliva for 1 hour, 1,3,7,14 days. Method: This research is laboratoric experimental. The data were collected by measuring compressive strength and disintegration using Universal Testing Machine for compressive strength and digital scale for disintegration. Result: Compressive strength results indicated that IRM (41±1.29MPa) is stronger than ZOE (7.47±1.11MPa), ZOE is stronger than Dentorit (2.14±0.23). Disintegration results indicated that IRM (0.82±0.07%) is less soluble than ZOE (1.92±0.52%), ZOE is less soluble than dentorit (9.47±0.52%). Compressive strength and disintegration of ZOE and IRM increased from 1 hour until 14 days stored in artificial saliva. Compressive strength of dentorit increased from 1 hour until 3 days, in 7 and 14 days the strength decreased. Disintegration of dentorit increased from 1 to 14 days. Conclusion: There are tatistically significant differences (p<0.05) in compressive strength and disintegration IRM, ZOE, and dentorit. In each temporary restoration material, there are statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in compressive strength and disintegration after immersion in artificial saliva for 1 hour, 1,3,7,14 days. Key words: Compressive strength, disintegration, zinc oxide.


Patent vitellointestinal duct (PVID) is one of the congenital malformation of incomplete obliteration of the vitelline duct. The foreign body impaction in PVID is a rare cause of gastrointestinal obstruction in the children. Here we are presenting a case of a 1-year-old child who presented with abdominal pain and bilious vomiting. Patient had history of serous umbilical discharge since birth. On exploration, we found a watermelon seed in the lumen of PVID. It was obstructing the lumen of small intestine. Foreign body was removed, and resection of patent duct was done. Moreover, an end-to-end ileoileal anastomosis was performed. Patient was discharged uneventfully.


The investigations carried out demonstrate that feeding legume-grass mixtures to Black-Flecked young bulls stimulates better nitrogen and minerals digestibility and hence an increase of growth rate at 8,77-20,73% and decrease of feed consumption to obtain 1 kg weight at 9,19-21,24%.


The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships between statistical process control (SPC) critical success factors (CSF) and performance. Empirical data were collected from 326 responses from Malaysian automotive related companies using survey research methodology. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, six empirically validated latent constructs of SPC critical success factors and three empirically validated quality and firm performance constructs were identified. The structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques was employed to examine the relationship between these six SPC critical success factors and performance. The results show that that there is a positive relationship between these CSF and performance.


Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in paediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) subjects, based on four commonly used reference populations. Methods. Using WHO, IOTF, AGA (German pediatric obesity), and KiGGS (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents) reference populations, prevalence of overweight (≥90th percentile) and obesity (≥97th percentile) and time trend between 2000 (n = 9,461) and 2013 (n = 18,382) were determined in 2–18-year-old T1D patients documented in the German/Austrian DPV database. Results. In 2000, the overweight prevalence was the highest according to IOTF (22.3%), followed by WHO (20.8%), AGA (15.5%), and KiGGS (9.4%). The respective rates in 2013 were IOTF (24.8%), WHO (22.9%), AGA (18.2%), and KiGGS (11.7%). Obesity prevalence in 2000 was the highest according to WHO (7.9%), followed by AGA (4.5%), IOTF (3.1%), and KiGGS (1.8%). In 2013, the respective rates were WHO (9.6%), AGA (6.2%), IOTF (4.5%), and KiGGS (2.6%). Overall, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 2000 to 2006 (p < 0.001) but showed stabilization thereafter in girls and overweight in boys. Conclusion. Overweight and obesity prevalence in T1D subjects differs significantly if it is assessed by four separate reference populations. More detailed assessment of each child is required to determine obesity-related risks.


Three types of metastable modulations in Ru-based superconductor RuSr 2 Gd 1.4 Ce 0.6 Cu 2 O 10-δ are observed by electron diffraction at room temperature and reported in this paper. The modulations are sensitive to the irradiation of the electron beam and the sample storage time. Having the tetragonal symmetry (I4/mmm) with a=0.384nm, c=2.864nm, the structure of RuSr 2 Gd 1.4 Ce 0.6 Cu 2 O 10-δ ?resembles that of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ by inserting a fluorite type Gd 1.4 Ce 0.6 O 2 layer instead of the Y layer and Ru ions residing in the Cu(1) site. In this compound, superconductivity is confined to the CuO 2 layer while magnetism stems from the RuO 2 layer. The metastable modulations display the interaction between the two layers from the structural point of view. The results suggest that although, superconductivity and magnetism are decoupled from each other in the unconventional superconductor, the effect may be limited by metastable lattice modulation.


Physical Education refers to the process of education that concerns activities which develop and maintain the human body. It is recognised as "an education through the physical activities for the total development of the total personality of the child to its fullness and perfection in body, mind and spirit" (National plan of Physical Education and Recreation, 1956). In its broadest perspective physical education covers play, exercise, recreation and sport and is characterized by a general programme of motor activity, skill, free play and exercise assuring strength, health, fitness and well being within and even outside education. Precisely, physical education aims at helping the individual know his potentiality, realize his selfhood, improve his social status, enhance work efficiency, effect economy in physical movements, live abundantly and be at peace with himself and his environment.Physical education is an education process that has as its aim the improvement of human performance and enhancement of human development through the medium of physical activities selected to realize this outcome. Physical education includes the acquisition and refinement of motor skills, the development and maintenance of fitness for optimal health and well-being the attainment of knowledge about physical activities and exercise, and the development of positive attitudes toward physical activity as a means to improve human performance. Physical education is not only concerned with the physical out comes that accrue from paiticipation in activities but also the development of knowledge and attitudes conducive to lifelong learning and lifespan participation.According to L.S. Shaffer, "Adjustment is the process by which living organism maintains a balance between its need and the circumstances that influence the satisfaction of these needs". In all senses, adjustment implies a satisfactory adaptation to the demands of day to day life and keeping a balance between need and capacity to realise needs. As long as the balance is maintained a person remains adjusted. The very moment, it is disturbed he drifts towards maladjustment.Adjustment is a state in which the needs of the individual on the one hand and the claims of the environment on the other are fully satisfied (Anonymous, 1972). According to Ramsay et al. (1999), adjustment describes the fit between students and the academic environment. In this study, adjustment is divided into psychological (emotional, referring to well-being, anxiety depression, fatigue) and sociocultural (behavioural, referring to ability to fit in) domains (Brown & Holloway, 2008). Psychological adjustment can be best understood in tenus of a stress and coping framework, predicted and explained by personality and social support variables and life changes, whilst sociocultural adjustment is viewed from a social learning perspective, predicted by variables related to cognitive factors and social skills acquisitions (Ward & Kennedy, 1999). Using the dimensions offers a simultaneously understanding of the unpredictability and variability of psychological adjustment (Searle & Ward 1990) and the reliability of the sociocultural approach to adaptation (Ward & Kennedy, 1999).The present investigation "Analysis of adjustment of physical education students and other subject's students of MDU and KUK universities of Haryana a comparative study" was intended to study the effects of adjustment of physical education students and other subject students. Keeping in view of this, the following objective and hypothesis were formulated.Objective of the studyTo study the gender difference in adjustment level among students of Kurukshetra University HaryanaHypothesis of the studyThere shall be significant gender difference in adjustment among students of Kurukshetra University HaryanaMethodParticipantsIn present study, the population of the study comprised of physical education students who have participated in the sports at district, state, inter-college and university levels and other subject students who have not participated in any level of sports studying in Kurukshetra university of Haryana. …


Objective To optimize breeding and genotyping methods of Tg(APPswe,PSEN1dE9)85Dbo for further study of Alzheimer disease(AD).Methods F1 generation mice were divided into 3 mating groups(group 1,+/+×-/-♀;group 2,+/+♀×-/-;group 3,+/+♀×+/+).The genome DNA of F2 generation mice was isolated and genotyping was carried out by duplex PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis.The products of duplex PCR were sequenced.Results High quality genome DNA was obtained in less than 8 h for genotyping.27 litters of F2 generation mice were breed with a total number of 222,206 of which survived to adulthood;the survival rates of group 1,2 and 3 were 94.29%(99/105),91.67%(66/72) and 91.11%(41/45),respectively(P=0.423).The transgenic positive results of three mating groups were accorded with Mendelian segregation.There were signivicant differences in transgenic positive rate among 3 mating groups(P=0.028).The transgenic positive rate in group 1(+/+×-/-♀) was correlated with genders(CO=0.280,P=0.003,P0.05),but not in other two groups.Products of duplex PCR verified by nucleotide sequencing were consistent as predicted.Conclusion Transgenic mating system(+/+ hemizygote × +/+ hemizygote) brings out homozygotic progeny that survive till adults.The modified methods for DNA isolating and genotyping is reliable and time-saving.The best mating system for neuron culture of Tg(APPswe,PSEN1dE9)85Dbo is +/+ Hemizygote×-/-sibling(male × female).


Cholinergic inputs from mesopontine tegmentum activate midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons via M5 muscarinic receptors. The M5 receptor is important for mesopontine stimulation-induced accumbal or striatal DA efflux, brain stimulation reward or morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). M5 receptor knockout (KO) mice show 40-50% less morphine-induced locomotion. Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) lesions in rodents block morphine CPP, but are ineffective after 18 hours food deprivation, opiate dependence, or intra-VTA BDNF. Based on these findings, we investigated whether acute food deprivation or intra-VTA BDNF alters morphine-induced locomotion (3 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) in C57BL/6 M5 KO mice. Nondeprived M5 KOs showed reduced morphine-induced locomotion, suggesting M5 receptors partly mediate morphine-induced locomotion. Morphine-induced locomotion was reversed in food-deprived mice, suggesting the stimulant effects of morphine were altered to bypass the PPT. Unexpectedly, intra-VTA BDNF infusions were ineffective in altering morphine-induced locomotion. Additionally, M5 KOs receiving intra-VTA saline showed no deficits in morphineinduced locomotion.


of course, we are dependent solely on objective signs, and even the older children often are not able to describe their subjective symptoms as well as adults. In children the first signs of a hypoglyeaemic reaction are often pa}lor, an unusual quietness, lassitude, and a tendency to doze whilst undisturbed; when examined, fretfulness and a greater tendency than usual to weep or cry are noted. None of these signs can be regarded as characteristic, for any or all of them may occur apart from hypoglyeaemia. Sweating may or may not occur, but when it does it can hardly be regarded as a characteristic sign, sweating being not at all uncommon even in healthy children owing to excess of (bed) clothes, etc. Some writers consider that an increase in pulse rate is a valuable sign, but in my experience this is by no means constant and is not tirustworthy. Treatment. The treatment of hypoglyeaemia is well established-the administration of glucose or of other rapidly absorbed carbohydrates. The dose of carbohydrate depends on the degree of hypoglyeaemia. In very mild attacks it is sometimes unnecessary even to give sugar. The patient may recover spontaneously or a cup of bovril or hot weak tea may suffice. In more severe but still mild reactions 5 grams of carbohydrate as orange juice (45 c.cm. or 1l oz.) or as orange quarters (50 gm. or 11 oz.), or as one lump of cane sugaxr dissolved in water and flavoured, if desired, with lemon juice, are ample. If the symptoms have not obviously improved in fifteen to twenty minutes the 5 grams of carbohydrate should be repeated.:. S,metimesymptoms occur shortly betore a meal is due; it is the;n often slfficient to give the meal or part of -it;a quarter or half an hour before the prescribed time... The:exact details of treatment in any,-giren case.will depe4d_ on :circuinstances, whether the patient is at homio or und6r close observation in an institution, the availability ofblodrSUgar det"riiitiens etc.-but it sho_hd be. an absolute-rule to avoid >eating hypoglycsemia with excessive amou.nts of carbohydrate and so rendering the~patient hyperglycaemic. -Of course, severe hypoglycaemic reactions demand larger doses of carbohydratefor example, 15 grams as cane sugar (3 cubes); it may be necessary to give 15 to 20 gramns of glucose by stomach tube, and this method can often be employed successfully even though the patient be semiconscious.Intravenous injection of glucose should be reserved for emergencies. One practical point, someti-mes forgotten, is that the sugar should invariably be administered in solution to ensure rapid absorption, and this is panrticularly important when hypoglycaemic symptoms are marked. One of my adult patients awakened one night with severe symptoms, and promptly swallowed with some dificulty two lumps of cane sugar. At the end of fifteen minutes the symptoms were worse, so she tiok some more lumps of sugar, and this was repeated till fifteen lumps in all had been devoured. The symptoms still persisted and she became very frightened. Fortunately she was then given some brandy and water, whereupon she came round in tn minutes. In the morning, of course, she was markedly hyperglycaemic (blood sugar 430 mg. per 100 c.cm.). In children variation in the amount of exercise is a real difficulty, and not seldom accounts for hypoglycaemic reactions. Thus on several occasions I have beenl consulted by a parent who noted that her diabetic child had attacks of giddiness at the beginlning of his holidays. Thle child played strenuous games in the garden in the holidays whereas during term time he was seated at his lessons. Avoidance of severe exercise during the period two to five hours after insulin had been administered promptly caused the attacks of giddiness to cease. Adult diabetics soon leayn to provide for unusually strenuous exercise by reducing slightly the dose of insulin, or by increasing the carbvoydrate in the meal prior toi the exercise; but it is much more difficult to make similar preparations in the case oftchildrn.iTh visit of a friend may result in a vigorous romp or in some quiet game; nobody can prophesy what will happen, least of all the child. The interference, unfortunate but absolutely necessary, with the spontaneous life of these little patients is one of the factors which make themso old for their years. AN AID TO THE RADIOGRAPHY OF THE


This letter presents a multiantenna system with several superiorities of compact structure, high isolation, and low profile, which can be applied as a millimeter-wave sensor. The proposed multiantenna system includes three probe-fed patch antennas, which are integrated in a limited aperture (1.2·λ0 × 1.2·λ0, λ0 is corresponding to the center frequency at 24.1 GHz). Although the antennas are tightly arranged, high-isolation performance between each two antennas (> 25 dB) is achieved by rotating the antennas by 45° and introducing an X-shaped decoupling structure. Including with the impedance matching layer for measurement, the total thickness of the proposed antenna system is just 0.056·λ0, which is convenient for the integration with radio-frequency integrated circuits. The impedance matching layer is designed as a coplanar-waveguide-transition between the feed probe and the connector for multiantenna measurement in such a compact space. For demonstration, the proposed multiantenna system is fabricated and measured. The good agreement between measurement and simulation guarantees the promising application of this design for radar sensing.


The paper considers the nonlinear fractional multiobjective programming,defines a new class of generalized convex functions,obtains some efficient conditions of global efficient solution,extends the results of serval authors.


t research described in this issue of the Journal is to develop a better understanding of the factors influencing the growth of the small business. None of the papers in this issue produce a comprehensive theoretical model: indeed, the authors of this introductory paper have some scepticism as to whether this is possible. However, there is some pressure in this respect for a key characteristic of much of the current


Abstract 1. The apparent metabolisable energy (AME) contents of 5 protein‐rich ingredients were determined with laying hens and the true metabolisable energy (TME) with adult cockerels. The test materials consisted of one batch each of winter‐grown high glucosinolate rapeseed meal (HG‐RSM), summer‐grown HG‐RSM, low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (LG‐RSM), soyabean oil meal (SBM) and white‐flowered peas (WFP). 2. In a separate study the endogenous energy losses (EEL) of adult Rhode Island Red (RIR) and adult broiler roosters were measured when given a supply of energy. 3. AME value for RSM tended to be lower for cockerels than for hens, whereas the opposite was noted for SBM and WFP. 4. This study showed that AME of ingredients could be influenced by choice of technique. These differences are accentuated for some ingredients, such as SBM and RSM, although there was no difference in ranking ingredients tested within the AME and TME systems. 5. Assuming that birds are receiving an energy source, the EEL0 per kg...


An anode structure obtainable cermet by a process comprising the steps of: (a) providing a slurry by dispersing a powder of an electronically conductive phase and by adding a binder to the dispersion, in which said electronically conductive phase comprises one FeCrMx alloy, wherein Mx is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Ti, Nb, Ce, Mn, Mo, W, Co, La, Y, Al and mixtures thereof, (b) forming a metallic support of said suspension of the electronically conductive phase, (c) providing a precursor solution of ceria, said solution containing a solvent and a surfactant, (d) impregnating the structure of step (b) with the precursor solution of step (c ), (e) subjecting the structure resulting from step (d) to calcination, (f) performing steps (d) - (e) at least once, the method further comprising combining the precursor solution oxide cerium with a solut precursor ion and nickel being 0.1 - 1.0% by weight the total amount of nickel in the resulting anode.


Interferometric observations of cloud-to-ground flash in Darwin have been analyzed to investigate some features of the lightning. Our studyfocuses a comparison between multipoint and multiple negative cloudto-ground flashes. We estimate the speed of leaders with submillisecondresolution for both multipoint and multiple strokes. The leader that precedes first stroke for mutiple flash progresses in a stepped fashion, and its behavior seems to be similar to that for multipoint flash. The speed of the leader is estimated at the mean value to 105 m/s order, and the mean step length is found to be 96 meter with a mean pause time of 73 microsecond. The running time of the leader analyzed here takes the mean value of 89 microsecond. The duration of UHF radiation of leader which traces the former channel ranges from 0.2 to 55.3 millisecond with a mean of 7.5 millisecond. To the contrary, those preceding multipoint strokes ranges 21.1 to 90.6 millisecond with a mean value of 47.5 millisecond. The time interval between strokes which strike the same point as the former stroke ranges from 22.5 to 330.6 millisecond with a mean of 75.1 millisecond, and those for multipoint strokes ranges from 55.6 to 633.7 millisecond with a mean of149.1 millisecond. All of the leaders preceding multipoint strokes starts at the same region inside the cloud.


Abstract Pointer states are states of an open quantum system that are able to survive the constant monitoring of the system by an environment. It has been shown that open systems that are prepared in superpositions of such pointer states quickly decohere and evolve into classical statistical mixtures of (pure) pointer states. In this paper we demonstrate, using appropriate modeling assumptions for the system environment interaction, the following result: An individual trajectory of the system state involves towards a specific pointer state (and not just a statistical mixture of the same) if one monitors the environment state by measuring environmental observables even if only a fraction of these measurement outcomes are known to the observer. The central tool used to demonstrate this is the identification of conserved quantities that correspond to the eigenprojections of the system-environment Hamiltonian. We construct Lyapunov functions using this Hamiltonian to demonstrate the stability of the pointer states.


We present non-supersymmetric toroidal compactifications of type-I string theory with both constant background NSNS two-form flux and non-trivial magnetic flux on the various D9-branes. The non-vanishing B-flux admits four-dimensional models with three generations of chiral fermions in standard model like gauge groups. Additionally, we consider the orbifold 4/2, again with both kinds of background flux present, leading to non-supersymmetric as well as supersymmetric models in six dimensions. All models have T-dual descriptions as intersecting brane worlds.


Objectives To investigate the effect of ecoimmunonutrition therapy on inflammatory response and gut mucosal barrier dysfunction in rats with early phase of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods Sixty SD rats were divided randomly into control group (C group,n = 20),traditional enteral nutrition group (EN group,n = 20) and ecoimmunonutrition group (EIN group,n = 20). The SAP modles were induced in rats by retrograde injection of 5% deoxycholate into bilio-pancreatic duct. All the rats were killed at 12,24,48 and 72 h after modeling,macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) level was measured in serum. Observed the histopathological changes and also the MIF were determined by immunohistochemistry in small intestine. The expression of TLR4 mRNA in the pancreatic tissues were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results (1)12 h after modeling,serum MIF level was increased higher in EN group and EIN group than C group(P 0.01). At 72 h,MIF level was decreased on varying degrees among the three groups,the EIN group was significantly lower than the EN group(P 0.05). (2) Small intestine tissues of rats in C group have weak expression of MIF,while the number of positive cells increased markedly in EN and EIN groups. The positive expression rate of MIF was different between EN group and EIN group,in EIN group it was lower than EN group (P 0.05). The degree of pathological changes was lighter in EIN group than in EN group at 72 h. (3) Compared with C group,TLR4 mRNA level markedly increased after modeling 12 h in small intestine in EIN and EN groups (P 0.01),and the level of TLR4 mRNA was significantly lower in EIN group than in EN group after ecoimmunonutrition therapy was given (P 0.01). Conclusion Ecoimmunonutrition can be effectively regulated inflammatory reaction in rats of SAP,mitigate the damage of gut mucosal barrier and shorten the course.


Hierarchical Disjoint Non-negative Factor Analysis (HDFA) is a new latent factor model here proposed for modelling Composite Indicators (CIs). CIs, in general, are multidimensional concepts described by at least a theoretical construct (factor) which is related to a set of measured variables. Frequently CIs have a hierarchical structure, i.e., they are characterized by a set of factors each one corresponding to disjoint, or nested subsets of variables. Hierarchical Confirmatory Factor Analysis can be used to assess the hierarchical structure of the CIs. A Structural Equation Model is in this case used. However, this methodology generally is not easily applicable for the amount of hypotheses to be considered, because the researcher has to know a priori the number of factors and specifically the most relevant relations between variables and factors, and relations between factors of different order in the hierarchy. These assumptions from one side imply the existence of deep theory sustaining the definition of the CI that, in any case needs to be empirically confirmed, and on the other side, represent a limitation in situations -quite realistic and rather recurrent when the researcher has not an exact theory in mind, or the theory demonstrates at least in part of being empirically erroneous or imprecise. Hierarchical Disjoint Factor Analysis is here proposed to model the hierarchical structure of factors that is supposed in part or totally unknown, identifying  a reduced set of factors each one related to a disjoint subset of variables. Furthermore, in a definition of a CI each subset of measured variables, used to describe a multidimensional concept,  must be internally consistent and reliable, that is, variables related to the factor measure "consistently" a unique theoretical construct. This implies that variables are concordant with the related factor and loadings must be positive. This last requirement is included as a constraint in the new methodology that for this reason is named Hierarchical Disjoint Non negative Factor Analysis. Properties are discussed for HDNFA. Cross-loadings can also be estimated to increase the fit of the factor model starting from the best HDNFA solution. HDNFA has also the option to constraint a variable to load on a pre-specified factor in order to hypothesize, a priori, some relations between variables and loadings. An application to optimally identify the dimensions of well-being is used to illustrate the characteristics of the new methodology. A final discussion completes the paper.


The unprecedented pandemic caused by the COVID-19 has led to a massive global public health campaign to slow the spread of the virus. Thus, this study examines the importance of individual's prevention behavior intention by adapting health belief model(HBM). In addition, we added social variables to understand the prevention behavior better considering the situation in which collective behaviors are important. The online survey results(N=298) showed that higher level of perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived peril, perceived social norms and lower level of perceived responsibility led to higher prevention behavior intention. Peril was the most influential factor among all the variables. In addition, perceived severity and social norms followed after that. Additional analysis also implied that socio-HBM model we proposed better explained the prevention behavior intention than traditional HBM. ■ keyword :∣COVID-19∣Health Belief Model∣Stigma∣Social Norms∣ * 본 연구는 2020 연세대학교 인문사회 연구과제로 수행되었습니다. 접수일자 : 2020년 12월 16일 수정일자 : 2021년 02월 03일 심사완료일 : 2021년 02월 11일 교신저자 : 조창환, e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com 코로나19 팬데믹 상황에서의 감염 예방행동 의도에 관한 연구: 건강신념모델에 사회적 변인 적용을 중심으로 23


Objective:To explore the relation between Phenanthroline copper chelate and the liposome peroxidation damage.Methods:The liposome peroxidation was initiated by phenanthroline copper chelate by using ultraviolet spectromter and TBA methods.Results:Phenanthroline chelate with Cu 2+ formed (Phen) 2 Cu 2+ .Redutant,and Cu 2+ played an important role in liposome peroxidation initiated by phenanthroline copper chelate.The liposome peroxidation,however,initiated by phenanthroline copper chelate was prerented by ·OH scarvages and EDTA.Conclusion:Under reductant existing, phenanthrroline chelate combined with Cu 2+ to form (Phen) 2 Cu + and then inducing ·OH which mostly causes liposome peroxidation damage.


microRNA are small non-coding endogenous RNA acting as an important regulator of gene expres sion by binding to the 3'UTR of specific mRNA.miR-132 is one of the microRNA which was detected earlier.In this paper,we provided an overview of the roles of miR-132 in many life activities,such as cancer,infection,cardiovascular disease,neurological development,and so on.


Practically all firms pursue goals by selecting a portfolio of courses of action that consume resources. Yet, due to uncertainties such as unforeseen market developments, it may not be possible to know in advance how much value these actions yield. Thus, the selection must be based on uncertain ex ante estimates about the future values of the actions. In this paper we show that the explicit Bayesian modeling of these uncertainties serves to increase both the expected value of the selected portfolio and the expected number of those selected actions that belong to the ex post optimal portfolio. Bayesian modeling is also shown to eliminate the expected negative gap between the true and estimated portfolio value, which is caused not by biased value estimates but by the statistical properties of optimizing under uncertainty. Furthermore, we offer analytic results for the optimal targeting of additional evaluations and show that it often suffices to re-evaluate only a subset of the actions. Finally, we propose a novel project performance measure, which is the probability that the project belongs to the optimal portfolio.


The article explores the formation of a new electoral system in the Duchy Bukovina, a part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, under the framework of "Bukowiner Ausgleich" (1910). Key words:   Bukovina, Austria-Hungary, Bukowiner Ausgleich, Landtag.


The invention discloses a spacecraft gridded composited bearing cylinder, comprising an upper end frame, a lower end frame, a skin and a gridded rib, wherein the exterior of the gridded rib is wrapped with the skin to form an up-down through barrel, the upper edge and the lower edge of the barrel respectively comprise the upper end frame and the lower end frame; quantity of left rotating ribs and the quantity of right rotating ribs in the gridded rib are the same, and a prismatic grid is formed, wherein the rib angle is 30-45 degrees, and rib space is 80-150mm; the upper end frame and the lower end frame are formed by continuously flanging fibres of the skin and the gridded rib; and the upper end frame and the lower end frame respectively comprise a mounting interface for the bearing cylinder and a horizontal structural slab arranged outside. The spacecraft gridded composited bearing cylinder disclosed by the invention adopts a design form of skin+gridded rib composite bearing cylinder, structural mass is reduced by about 40% compared with an aluminium honeycomb interlayer bearing cylinder, important significance is realized during weight reduction of a satellite structure, and satellite platform bearing capacity is improved.


The public university is the principal part of system of higher education in the USA.The charges paid by the families of students in the USA public universities consist of fixed charges and unfixed charges.Study on the structures and characters of charges paid families of public universities students in the USA can give useful suggestions to the making of scientific and reasonable policy of charges-collecting in the universities of China.


Modern warehouse-scale computing facilities, seamlessly enabled by virtualisation technologies, are based on thousands of independent computing nodes that are administered according to efficiency criteria that depend on workload. Networks play a pivotal role in these systems, as they are likely to be the performance bottleneck, and because of the high variability of data and management traffic. Because of the scale of the system, the prevalent network management model is based on autonomic networking, a paradigm based on self-regulation of the networking subsystem, that requires routers capable of adapting their policies to traffic by a local or global strategy. In this paper we focus on performance modelling of autonomic routers, to provide a simple, yet representative elementary performance model to provide a starting point for a comprehensive autonomic network modelling approach. The proposed model is used to evaluate the behaviour of a router under attack under realistic workload and parameters assumptions.


Simple Summary The epidermis and mucus layer of fish act as barriers that protect them against waterborne pathogens, and provide niches for symbiotic microorganisms that benefit the host's health. However, our understanding of the relationship between fish skin bacterial flora and fish pathogen infection is limited. In order to elucidate this relationship, an experimental model for infection through fish skin is necessary. Such a model must also pose a low biohazard risk in a laboratory setting. We established a percutaneous infection model using zebrafish (Danio rerio), a typical fish experimental model, and Yersinia ruckeri, a salmon pathogen. Our experimental data indicate that Y. ruckeri colonizes niches on the skin surface generated by transient changes in the skin microflora caused by stress, dominates the skin bacterial flora, occupies the surface of the fish skin, invades the fish body through injury, and finally, causes fatal enteric redmouth disease. This percutaneous infection model can be used to study the interaction between fish skin bacterial flora and fish pathogens in water, or the relationship between pathogens and the host's skin immune system. Abstract To uncover the relationship between skin bacterial flora and pathogen infection, we developed a percutaneous infection model using zebrafish and Yersinia ruckeri, a pathogen causing enteric redmouth disease in salmon and in trout. Pathogen challenge, either alone or together with pricking by a small needle, did not cause infection of the fish. However, cold stress given by water temperature shift from the optimum 28 °C for zebrafish to 20 °C caused fatal infection of injured fish following pathogen challenge. We investigated the effects of cold stress, injury, and pathogen challenge, alone and in combination, on fish skin bacterial flora using 16S rDNA metagenomics. We found that cold stress drastically altered the skin bacterial flora, which was dominated by Y. ruckeri on infected fish. In addition, fish whose intrinsic skin bacterial flora was disrupted by antibiotics had their skin occupied by Y. ruckeri following a challenge with this pathogen, although the fish survived without injury to create a route for invasion into the fish body. Our results suggest that the intrinsic skin bacterial flora of fish protects them from pathogen colonization, and that its disruption by stress allows pathogens to colonize and dominate their skin.


We present a sheath flow-driven multiple micro-mixer for biological, pharmacological, and biochemical analyses. The glass capillary-based multiple micro-mixer was designed, fabricated, and tested to improve molecular diffusion. Rhodamine B solution (2.0 mol/m 3 ), Brilliant blue solution (2.0 mol/m 3 ), and deionized water (0 mol/m 3 ) were infused into inlets. The experimental results were identical to those obtained from the simulations in that deionized water as a sheath flow could control the transport of Rhodamine B and Brilliant blue by diffusion, resulting in an improvement in the multiple micro-mixing at the nano scale.


Abstract Antxón Eceiza's first two feature-length films, El próximo otoño/Next Autumn (1963) and De cuerpo presente/Present in Body (1965), document the early geographical transformations of a country caught in the grip of modernization. In examining the representation of landscape in the films, this article shows how Eceiza enacts a critique of Spain's economic miracle. In both films, the appearance of foreign, sexually independent women throws into relief the superficial and uneven structures of Spain's modernization programme. As this article demonstrates, the films are informed by a tension which is as spatial as it is sexual: an anxiety towards modernization is mirrored by an underlying fear of autonomous, liberated female sexuality.


Background We investigated how the anxiety associated with COVID 19 impacts the severity of tinnitus and the outcomes of tinnitus therapy. Methods and Findings A retrospective research design was used to compare the clinical characteristics of tinnitus between patients from March to April 2020 under pandemic pressure and those from the matching period in 2019. Tinnitus severity was evaluated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire and the minimum masking level (MML) measure while anxiety was quantified using the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). The assessments were repeated after a 2-month interval, in which sound therapy was applied to a subgroup of patients. In all, 94 and 70 cases were reported in the 2020 and 2019 groups, respectively. The effects of the pandemic on emotional status were evident from a higher incidence of anxiety and much higher SAS scores in the 2020 group. There was also an increase in the THI scores in the 2020 group, but the between-year difference was smaller than that of the SAS score. Moreover, there was no between-year difference in MML or the treatment effect, as measured via both THI and MML. Furthermore, the reduction in SAS score in the second assessment was significantly smaller in the 2020 group. However, a positive correlation between the initial SAS score and the improvement was seen within the 2020 group. Conclusions Anxiety increased greatly in tinnitus subjects due to the COVID 19 pandemic. However, this was not associated with an increase in tinnitus severity in 2020. Instead, there was no between-year difference in the THI score or MML or in the improvement of either measure after treatment. The smaller improvement in SAS score and the positive correlation with the initial SAS score in the 2020 group suggests that the SAS score change in this group might largely be due to the natural relief of pressure as the pandemic decelerated in China. Therefore, the anxiety change induced by the COVID 19 pandemic is not likely to have a strong impact on tinnitus.


Abstract-In multi-cell environments, interference alignment (IA) introduced by Cadambe and Jafar is an effective strategy for managing interference. However, this requires a large number of symbol extension in time/frequency domain to gurantee the optimal number of degrees of freedom (DOF). Recently, in the single-input single-output (SISO) case, a new idea of the IA scheme based on asymmetric complex signaling and symbol extension was proposed where at least the DOF of 1:2 is achievable for all complex channel values. In this paper, we prove that at least the DOF of 1:5 is achievable in multi-cell and multi-user interfering broadcast channels under the assumption of constant channel coefficients with no symbol extension. We also show that the achievable DOF varies with the condition of user scale and w(SNR^.5) users are required to guarantee the DOF of 1:5. Furthermore, a simple IA scheme in conjunction with user selection which groups semi-aligned users is proposed to realize the achievable DOF.


A water-soluble ionic conjugated polymer with pyridyl functional groups, poly(2-ethynyl-N-pentylpyridinium iodide)[PEPPI] was synthesized via the activated polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine using 1-iodopentane without any additional initiator or catalyst. The polymerization proceeded well to provide a high yield of polymer. The polymer structure was characterized by such instrumental methods as NMR (1H- and 13C-), IR, and UV-visible spectroscopies to have a conjugated polymer backbone system having N-pentylpyridinium iodide as substituents. The photoluminescence maximum peak of PEPPI was located at 583 nm, which corresponds to the photon energy of 2.13 eV. The cyclovoltamograms of polymer exhibited the electrochemically stable window at the −1.54∼1.54 V region. It was found that the kinetics of the redox process of PEPPI are mainly controlled by the reactant diffusion process based on the experiment of the oxidation current density of polymer versus the scan rate.


The occlusal contacts patterns which were given on prosthetic works while mandibular lateral translation had been classified into cuspid protected occlusion, group functioned occlusion and full balanced occlusion. However, there were not consensus about occlusal contacts near intercuspal position at the initial stage of lateral excursion. In this study, we used one of the software of T-Scan system, Force Movie(R), and recorded continuously occlusal contacts during left and right lateral movements in 12 normal subjects with complete dentition. Cuspid protected occlusion was found in 11 sides (45.8%), group functioned occlusion in 10 sides (41.7%) and full balanced occlusion in 3 sides (12.5%). All subjects had balancing side contacts in molars near the intercuspal position, with working side contacts at the same time. These results indicated that Force Movie(R) was easily able to show occlusal contacts during lateral excursion, and all subjects showed similar contacts pattern in the vicinity of intercuspal position.


An in vitro cultivation protocol was developed for Asparagus cochinchinensis a species threatened by over collection due to its importance as a medicinal plant in China. Adventitious shoot induction was most successful by using hypocotyls as explants for propagation on Murashige and Skoog (Murashige et al., 1962) medium supplemented with 4.5 μM N 6 -benzylaminopurine (BA) only as well as with 3.0 μM α- naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 4.5 μM BA. For continuous subculture, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and BA (μM) at a ratio of 3.0:4.5 or 3.0:9.0 had the best regeneration potential producing approximately four plantlets per nodal explants. Plantlets had 4 – 5 nodes that could be utilized for the following subculture phase to induce axillary shoots. The plantlets were placed on ½-strength MS medium, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was included in the media at a concentration of 2.5 or 5.0 M. This propagation regime has the capacity for producing 1000 – 2000 plants from one shoot after 3 months long subculture cycles, making it highly attractive for implementation as an in vitro conservation strategy. The micropropagated plants were easily acclimatized (80%) within a month after rooting in vitro and being planted ex vitro in a sand : soil : peat moss : vermiculite (1:2:1:1; v/v/v/v) mixture. Key words: Medicinal herbs, Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr., micropropagation.


Wildfire cumulative frequency–area distributions of Mediterranean landscapes are examined for agreement with self-similar (fractal) behavior. Our results support landscape-specific restricted scaling regions of 1.5–3.5 orders of magnitude in size, which are delimited by breakpoints or 'cut-offs'. By identifying the extent of such regions in the fractal frequency–area distribution of wildfires, fractal statistics may give a deeper insight into the scale-invariant dynamics of fire spread, whereas the observed cut-offs may be related to changes in the process–pattern interactions that control wildfire propagation at the landscape scale. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Self-incompatibility has been found in at least 78 angiosperm families and occurs in every major phylogenetic line (East, 1940; Fryxell, 1957; Brewbaker, 1957). It has even been discovered in at least three gymnosperm species (Pinus sylvestrisGustaffson, cited by Bateman, 1952; Larix laricina, Pseudotsuga taxifoliaFryxell, 1957), and one pteridophyte, Pteridium aquilinum (Wilkie, 1956). It occurs not only in hermaphrodite species, but also in monoecious species with unisexual flowers on the same plant (Godley, 1955). Genetically, self-incompatible species have been divided into two groups, gametophytic and sporophytic. In each of these systems there are variations particularly with regard to (i) the number of S loci and (ii) the interaction relationship between the alleles at the same or different loci (Pandey, 1957). Although there is no family yet known which has been found to contain both gametophytic and sporophytic genetic systems in the different species of the same family, this possibility is strongly suggested as will be evident from the following discussion. The evolution of the self-incompatibility phenomenon has been discussed generally by several authors (Whitehouse, 1950; Lewis, 1954; Stebbins, 1957). The present paper deals particularly with the


Based on numerical model of the ionosphere and plasmasphere, we simulated behavior of the ionospheric parameters during the main phase of the 17 March 2015 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm. It is shown that in the Asian longitudinal sector, the ionospheric response to this magnetic storm was determined by dynamics of the main ionospheric trough, time of the magnetic storm commencement, and duration of the storm main phase.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of sheep supplemented with phosphorus (P) using carcass traits and analysis of 12th rib. Twenty male lambs weighing 13.88 ± 2.51 kg and grazing Andropogon gayanus pasture were divided in two treatments of 10 animals each. In group P, animals were supplemented with 3 g phosphorus/animal/day, while in group NP no P supplementation was given. After 82 days the animals were slaughtered and carcass measurements were taken. The 12th rib was also removed for analysis. No significant differences in body weight, carcass yield, or commercial cut weights were found between both treatments, except for liver and kidneys that were heavier in the supplemented group (p=0.0954). The 12th rib analysis showed that the group P had higher rib, bone, and muscle weights when compared to animals not supplemented with P. Other measurements such as carcass fatness and rib eye area were not significantly affected by treatments as well as contents of crude protein, ether extract, ash and P. It was shown that P supplementation improved performance in young sheep, including bone and muscle tissue and liver and kidney weights.


A phenomenological study of quark-hadron duality in electron and neutrino scattering on nuclei is performed. We compute the structure functions ${F}_{2}$ and ${\mathit{xF}}_{3}$ in the resonance region within a framework that includes the Dortmund-group model for the production of the first four lowest-lying baryonic resonances and a relativistic mean-field model for nuclei. We consider four-momentum transfers between 0.2 and 2.5 ${\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$. The results indicate that nuclear effects play a different role in the resonance and deep inelastic scattering (DIS) region. We find, that local duality does not work well. In the studied range of four-momentum transfers, the computed nuclear structure functions slide along the DIS curve; the integrated strength in the resonance region, however, is considerably lower than the DIS one.


ZnS: CuAl powder molded in insulating substance was subjected to high frequency electric field from 120 cycles to 50 megacycles, whereby the E. L. brightness was measured aguinst frequency. The experimental results within this frequency range follow the relation B=exp (-b/i./V), where B and V are respectively the brightness and applied voltage; b is a constant dependent on the frequency, which may be expressed as b=b0fn.The wave-forms of brightness under excitation of sinusoidal voltage were observed in the frequency range from 30 cycles to 200 kilocycles. Two peaks in the brightness wave-form where recognized. The ratio of the first peak to the second increases proportionally with the n'th power of frevqency.


Full-fledged shell-model calculations have been performed for neutron-rich Se, As, Ge, and Ga isotopes using a valence space made up from nucleons occupying the ${g}_{9/2},{p}_{1/2},{p}_{3/2}$, and ${f}_{5/2}$ orbitals. The calculated energies and electromagnetic transitions are compared with the experimental data which is available on these nuclei. Pair-truncated shell model calculations have also been carried out to investigate the structure of the high-spin states, with particular focus on the effect of the alignment of neutrons in the ${g}_{9/2}$ orbital.


"CONSTRUCTIVE ARRANGEMENT OF FOOT PEDAL FOR DISTORTION AND AUDIO SIGNALS Programmable". It includes an MMS - man-machine interface (1), the digitally to the CPU itself (2), to forward the parameters that have been set by the user. The PC interface connects the already mentioned CPU (2) with an external computer (3), needed for the programming of settings and adjustments. The audio interface (5) compatibilized the electrical signal from the musical instruments to the CPU (2). An object of this invention is to provide a solution to the already mentioned disadvantages by maintaining the portability of the current foot pedals and allows the flexibility of the PC programming. The use of an open programming to which the user has direct access, is also very useful, as this he programmed his foot pedal itself, adjust and store settings, and it also enables it to record your own sound effects. Thus, the user has to buy only one device and not several pedals or licenses. Only one device offers the musician perfect creation freedom.


A plug-in coupling for a pipe (3), in particular for water conduits, is described, with a coupling sleeve (1) receiving the pipe end (2), with a sealing ring (4) which is inserted into the coupling sleeve (1), with a locking ring (6) which is mounted upstream of the sealing ring (4) in the plug-in direction of the pipe end (2) and forms retaining claws (7) which protrude with respect to the pipe end (2) and are inclined in the plug-in direction, and with an annular body which is likewise mounted upstream of the sealing ring (4) and is supported axially in the plug-in direction in relation to the coupling sleeve (1). In order to provide advantageous construction conditions, it is proposed that the annular body has a protection ring (12), which is connected via a predetermined breaking connection (13), for surrounding the end side of the pipe end (2) from the outside.


Perceived quality of the speech signal deteriorates significantly in the presence of ambient noise. In this paper, based on the analysis that the partial masking effect is a main source of the quality degradation when interfering signals are present, we propose a novel approach to enhance the perceived quality of speech signal when the ambient noise cannot be directly controlled by reinforcing it so that it can be heard more clearly. To find a suitable reinforcement rule, the loudness perception model proposed by Moore et al. [1] is adopted with the consideration on the prevention of the hearing damage. Experimental results show that the perceived quality and intelligibility can be enhanced under various noise environments.


Aggressive behavior can be considered both a means of expressing one's personality, and a means of communicating one's own exigency against peer pressure. In present time, mass-media, research and official statistics have shown a surge in school violence in more countries. This phenomenon has been advertised considerably in more countries: USA, France, UK and, recently, Romania. Aggressive behavior is an indicator of violence especially in males, teenage violence being also the expression of violence in society. In the same context, from the same study, the identification of possible differences on levels of physical and verbal aggression was monitored in three categories of teenagers, two of which comprising institutionalized teenagers (from a reeducation center and from a center of child protection), respectively one category of teens who are not institutionalized. Also, apart from identifying possible differences at the physical and verbal aggression, the study monitors the existent relation between aggression and two other dimensions: dysfunctional automatic thoughts and the locus of control. The three categories of teenagers are high school students, 14 to 18 years old. The participants come from institutions from the Western part of the country, Timis County.


Phytoplasmas found in the French territory of Wallis and Futuna were identified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) and sequence analysis. They were associated with diseases of the crop plants cassava (Manihot esculenta), Indian mulberry or noni (Morinda citrifolia) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) and the weeds Emilia sonchifolia (red tassel) and Polygalapaniculata. The phytoplasmas found were most closely related to members of the 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' and 'Ca. Phytoplasma aurantifolia' groups.


The author has, for the past 2 years, been working in a 'dual post' capacity, teaching at St Loye's and working with the mentally handicapped at Langdon Hospital, Dawlish. One of the common problems arising with this group of patients is that of feeding. She became involved in the organizing of a feeding workshop, established to identify some of these problems and to seek solutions to them. It is hoped that the article may prove useful to therapists working in this field, who would like access to information on feeding or who would be interested in organizing such workshops at their own hospital.


The enzymic synthesis of amino acyl ribonucleic acid derivatives appears to take place in two steps, both of which are cata-lyzed by a single enzyme (l-4). The first step involves the reaction of adenosine triphosphate, an amino acid, and an enzyme specific for that amino acid, resulting in the formation of an en-zyme-amino acyl adenylate complex and free inorganic pyrophosphate. In the subsequent reaction, the amino acyl moiety is transferred to the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl group of a terminal adenylic acid in a specific ribonucleic acid chain. The present paper describes the isolation and characterization of the enzymes that catalyze the formation of leucyl-, valyl-, isoleucyl-, and methionyl ribonucleic acid.


Combined with the engineering examples,the paper introduced the strengthening mechanism,technology and the detection methods after strengthening for high-pressure chemical churning and grouting.


The present invention provides an ion implantation method, comprising the steps of: providing a plasma in the plasma region of the chamber; The step of biasing the first grid plate having a plurality of openings in an amount and; The step of biasing the second grid plate having a plurality of openings and negatively; The step of flowing the plasma ions from the plasma region through the opening in a first grid plate biased to the positive and; Phase to flow through the opening in the grid plate at least a second biasing part with the negative of the ions flowing through the opening in a first grid plate biased to the positive and; It relates to an ion implantation process comprising the steps of: injecting at least a part of the substrate of ions flowing through the opening in the second grid plate biased to the negative.


Abstract Cold pools are a key element in the organization of precipitating convective systems, yet knowledge of their typical surface characteristics is largely anecdotal. To help to alleviate this situation, cold pools from 39 mesoscale convective system (MCS) events are sampled using Oklahoma Mesonet surface observations. In total, 1389 time series of surface observations are used to determine typical rises in surface pressure and decreases in temperature, potential temperature, and equivalent potential temperature associated with the cold pool, and the maximum wind speeds in the cold pool. The data are separated into one of four convective system life cycle stages: first storms, MCS initiation, mature MCS, and MCS dissipation. Results indicate that the mean surface pressure rises associated with cold pools increase from 3.2 hPa for the first storms' life cycle stage to 4.5 hPa for the mature MCS stage before dropping to 3.3 hPa for the dissipation stage. In contrast, the mean temperature (potential tem...


An attempt has been made to study the anthropometric measurements of four tribal groups that include an- thropometrically measurable attributes and indices of the human body. A cross-sectional study of 1213 persons consisting of 607 males and 606 females belonging to the tribes namely Bagatha, Konda Dora, Konda Reddi, and Koya Dora situated in Vizianagaram district, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari and West Godavari districts respectively. The measurements such as stature, relative weight, muscularity, frame size, various weight/height indices, waist circumference have been used to quantify the physical activity and patterns of change among males and females individually as well as population groups. The tribes in principle vary in the mean values of all the somatometric measures of body weight, height vertex, biacrominal breath, bicristal breadth, waist circum- ference and hip circumference. The mean values of weight among men from tribes of Eastern Ghats shows that the Koya Dora men of current survey are the heaviest (52 kg), tallest (160.29cm), with broader shoulders (36.97 cm), and maximum hip circumference (85.54 cm). Various breadths of the body indicate thin physical frame of the tribes.


Objective:To investigate protective effect of total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry on human umbilical vein endothelial cells injury induced by oxidized LDL (ox-LDL).Method:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were injuried by ox-LDL.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and nitric oxide (NO) in the culture medium,superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the cell were measured by spectroscopy,respectively.Result:Total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry could decrease the release of LDH,increase the content of NO,and enhance activity of SOD and NOS significantly in endothelial cells which were injuried by ox-LDL.Conclusion:Total flavonoids of Hedysarum polybotry has protective effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells injury induced by ox-LDL,which may be related to increasing the antioxidant capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.