This article focuses on the need for comprehensive legal management of the Hindu-Kush-Himalayas (HKH), in response to the negative impacts on livelihoods arising from ongoing hydro-climate changes. The existing inter-State treaties of the HKH are analyzed and illustrated through transitions of the various concepts and approaches (eg, international river to international basin), substantive principles (eg, absolute sovereignty to equitable utilisation), implementation mechanisms (ie, piecemeal to integrated management) and dispute settlement venues (eg, adjudication to impartial fact-finding). There is further examination of whether or not the current treaties balance the need for development and environmental protection of the HKH watercourses. The relevant treaties which have to be aligned with the principle of sustainable development are identified, suggesting a model for the hydro-climate legal management of the HKH.


Discusses an application of the back error propagation network for making bankruptcy prediction decisions. Results of simulations with one and two hidden layers with varying nodes are presented. It is observed that the configuration with two hidden layers had a superior classification accuracy compared to the one with a single hidden layer. Based on the initial results it appears that neural network algorithms can be investigated further as potential models for bankruptcy prediction.<<ETX>>


The fuzzy path selection is a framework for mobile ad hoc networks in which inaccurate information is available for making a routing decision. The goal of our path selection process is to identify a shortest path and to prolong the connectivity of the networks, using minimum hops and node remaining power as our model cost. Under an assumption that a list of candidate paths already exists, we explore the fuzzy logic approach to achieve the goal. The performance evaluation is done using a simulation program to compare between our fuzzy logic approach, the minimum hop, and the nearest neighbor approach the main performance metrics which are the number of hops in paths, the number of disconnected nodes in paths. The results show that our fuzzy approach yields the lower number of hops and the longest connectivity in the network.


A simplified radioimmunoassay procedure is described for determination of free ovarian steroids in plasma or serum. Ether extracts were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column equilibrated with benzene—methanol (85:15 by vol) and estrone, estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were resolved from each other. With relatively specific antibodies, all five hormones were specifically assayed directly after the single chromatographic procedure. Procedures for additional purification are described when specific antibodies are not available. A mechanized chromatographic apparatus was used to purify 12 serum extracts simultaneously, permitting up to 120 determinations per day by a single worker. Assay reliability criteria were satisfactory for all assay systems, and steroid values obtained from subjects in different physiological states agreed with previously reported concentrations.


Previous research on the evaluation of simulation games as teaching tools has suffered from evaluators' treating all simulation games more or less identically, regardless of differences in format. This study attempts to alleviate that problem by creating a new typology, based on the extent to which the roles assigned to simulation participants correspond to specific real-world equivalents. The application of this typology associates differing simulation formats with characteristic teaching goats, learning processes, and administrative pitfalls. A second typology is also suggested that may prove useful if problems of operationalization can be overcome.


The subsynchronous resonance (SSR) problem may become more serious with the continuous evolvement of a series-compensated power system. Consequently, the existing SSR mitigation scheme might no longer keep the system stable. This issue has been encountered by Shangdu Power Plant, where the deployed supplementary excitation damping controllers (SEDCs) that well stabilized the system before cannot maintain torsional stability after the recent change occurred in the power system. Therefore, a combined mitigation scheme of SEDC and generator terminal subsynchronous damping controller (GTSDC) is proposed in this paper to regain system stability. SEDC provides electrical damping by modulating the excitation voltage at the rotor side. Meanwhile, GTSDC can damp SSR via injecting super-synchronous and subsynchronous currents into the generator stator. Field tests have proven the effectiveness of this combined scheme in addressing the deteriorated SSR issue. Eigenvalue analysis indicates that the combined scheme can provide enough positive damping for the system under any operating condition. Thanks to the low investment of SEDC and the flexibility of GTSDC, this combined scheme provides an economical and scalable solution for SSR mitigation, especially when the target system changes constantly.


Background : Nursing students, like other healthcare workers, are prone to needlestick injuries. Over the years, studies have been conducted regarding needlestick injuries. However, its prevalence among Filipino nursing students' is still not known. Also, nursing students' intention to report needlestick injuries in the Philippines has not been explored. Purpose: The purpose of this research was to determine the factors associated with the intention to report needlestick injuries among nursing students applying the Theory of Planned Behavior. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the Needlestick Injuries Reporting Intention Scale (NIRIS) and was distributed among 233 senior nursing students in Iloilo City, Philippines. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation were utilized to analyze the data. Results: The results of the study revealed that 15% of nursing students had experienced a needlestick injury. However, only less than half (45.71%) of those who sustained needlestick injury reported the incident. Nursing students exhibited a positive attitude ( M =5.41; SD =0.63) toward reporting needlestick injuries. They perceived a high social pressure ( M =4.65; SD =0.46), high behavioral control ( M =4.19; SD =0.45), and high intention ( M =8.99; SD =1.15) in reporting needlestick injuries. Attitude ( p =0.000), subjective norm ( p =0.000), and perceived behavioral control ( p =0.000) were significantly correlated with the intention to report needlestick injuries. Conclusion: This study supports the Theory of Planned Behavior in identifying factors influencing nursing students' intention to report needlestick injuries.


The phenomenon of knowledge payment mainly refers to the phenomenon that the recipient of knowledge pays for the knowledge reading. The year of 2016 is known as "the first year of knowledge payment". With the continuous progress of Internet technology, online knowledge payment has become an important trend of development. Students are the main consumers of knowledge products. It will help enterprises to design products with better quality by studying students' preferences and consumption intentions for online knowledge payment products, and it will be easier to meet the needs of the public. This article first makes the simple classification  of the platforms of the knowledge payment, through the information on the Internet. Then with the methods of literature review, and questionnaire survey, it is concluded that the students are more inclined to choose the video class, the type of documentation platform, online courses, content of school related courses and the interest/practical skills class of products;  The key factors that influence students' choice of knowledge payment platforms or products are also the main reasons that trigger students' willingness to consume knowledge payment products. This includes the ease of availability of the online product itself, and the quality of the paid product compared to the free product. This paper proposes that we should cater to students' preferences and needs, and design corresponding products for this group; Work closely with the school to further meet students' academic needs; Enrich and improve students' extracurricular interest and skills courses; Improve the interactive nature of the paid knowledge products; Increase publicity; This paper is to optimize the user feedback mechanism and improve their product quality hard power recommendations.


IL-10 is a unique cytokine because it is anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive. IL-10 is regulated at the level of transcription, but the critical motifs and the relevant transcription factors controlling this gene have remained elusive to date. We now report that a sequence at 2 120 bp in the human IL-10 promoter binds Stat3 but no other Stat proteins. Mutation of this motif abrogates LPS-induced trans -activation. Overexpression of dominant negative Stat3 suppresses promoter activity, while wild-type Stat3 leads to an enhancement of this activity. Our results show that Stat3, by binding to a single motif in the IL-10 promoter, is controlling expression of the human IL-10 gene. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 165: 1612–1617. Bam HI and Xho I restriction sites for the 5 9 (GGATCCTCCAGCCTC CATGGAATCCTGA) and 3 9 (CTCGAGGCCTTCTTTTGCAAGTCT GTCTTG) primers, respectively, were synthesized. Human placental genomic DNA, isolated from one individual (6550-1, Clontech, Heidel-berg, Germany) was admixed with the primers, and PCR was performed for 22 cycles using Pfu DNA polymerase (600103, Stratagene, Heidelberg, Germany). The p b TATA.luci reporter plasmid was digested with Bam HI


In this paper, the authors investigate the structures of derivation algebras for all (n + l)-dimensional n-Lie algebras, and give the concrete expression of each derivations.


Taking the set-shaped steel formworks used for concrete lining of curved tunnel-guide in the Pengshui Hydropower Station for example,a method of finite element modeling,restraint and analysis of a large and complex set-shaped steel formwork is discussed.Finite element models for set-shaped steel formworks analysis in the condition of different lining segments and supports are built,which include regular-approximately rectangle mesh cells and the nonlinear boundary conditions from supports and surface-formworks contact,and hold space joints of components availably.Based on the models,stress and strain of set-shaped steel formworks in different conditions is computed.By analyzing,calculating and comparing,the results in four typical conditions are described.The results can be regarded as the basis of structure optimization and support design of the set-shaped steel formwork.


The frictional behavior of a vertically aligned carbon-nanotube (VACNT) film against gold tips was studied in air. In these experiments, the film was 6 μm thick, the tip radii 4.5–30 μm, the applied forces smaller than 5 μN, and speeds were 0.15–24 μm/s. In spite of the null adhesion force to the gold tip, extremely high friction coefficients of 1.0–2.2 were found for the VACNT film. No dependence of friction on speed or tip radius was observed.


The present study aimed to identify the Aetobatus species present in French Polynesia using DNA barcoding. Our study contributes
to a better understanding of the distribution of species in the Aetobatus complex, which is necessary for a correct evaluation of the conservation status of the different species.


Motivation Reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks has for years struggled with high correlation in expression between regulatory elements. If two regulators have matching expression patterns it is impossible to differentiate between the two, and thus false positive identifications are abundant. Results To allow for gene regulation predictions of high confidence, we propose a novel method, LiPLike, that assumes a regression model and iteratively searches for interactions that cannot be replaced by a linear combination of other predictors. To compare the performance of LiPLike with other available inference methods, we benchmarked LiPLike using three independent datasets from the previous DREAM5 challenge. We found that LiPLike could be used to stratify predictions of other inference tools, and when applied to the predictions of DREAM5 participants we observed the accuracy to on average be improved >140% compared to individual methods. Furthermore, we observed that LiPLike independently predicted networks better than all DREAM5 participants when applied to biological data. When predicting the Escherichia coli network, LiPLike had an accuracy of 0.38 for the top-ranked 100 interactions, whereas the corresponding DREAM5 consensus model yielded an accuracy of 0.11. Availability We made LiPLike available to the community as a Python toolbox, available at https://gitlab.com/Gustafsson-lab/liplike. We believe that LiPLike will be used for high confidence predictions in studies where individual model interactions are of high importance, and that LiPLike will be used to remove false positive predictions made by other state-of-the-art gene-gene regulation prediction tools. Contact email@example.com, email@example.com


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Blood eosinophil count and ECP (eosinophil cationic protein) associate with human cardiovascular diseases. Yet, whether eosinophils play a role in cardiovascular disease remains untested. The current study detected eosinophil accumulation in human and murine abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) lesions, suggesting eosinophil participation in this aortic disease. Objective: To test whether and how eosinophils affect AAA growth. Methods and Results: Population-based randomized clinically controlled screening trials revealed higher blood eosinophil count in 579 male patients with AAA than in 5063 non-AAA control (0.236±0.182 versus 0.211±0.154, 109/L, P<0.001). Univariate (odds ratio, 1.381, P<0.001) and multivariate (odds ratio, 1.237, P=0.031) logistic regression analyses indicated that increased blood eosinophil count in patients with AAA served as an independent risk factor of human AAA. Immunostaining and immunoblot analyses detected eosinophil accumulation and eosinophil cationic protein expression in human and murine AAA lesions. Results showed that eosinophil deficiency exacerbated AAA growth with increased lesion inflammatory cell contents, matrix-degrading protease activity, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and smooth muscle cell loss using angiotensin-II perfusion–induced AAA in Apoe−/− and eosinophil-deficient Apoe−/−ΔdblGATA mice. Eosinophil deficiency increased lesion chemokine expression, muted lesion expression of IL (interleukin) 4 and eosinophil-associated-ribonuclease-1 (mEar1 [mouse EOS-associated-ribonuclease-1], human ECP homolog), and slanted M1 macrophage polarization. In cultured macrophages and monocytes, eosinophil-derived IL4 and mEar1 polarized M2 macrophages, suppressed CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes, and increased CD11b+Ly6Clo monocytes. mEar1 treatment or adoptive transfer of eosinophil from wild-type and Il13−/− mice, but not eosinophil from Il4−/− mice, blocked AAA growth in Apoe−/−ΔdblGATA mice. Immunofluorescent staining and immunoblot analyses demonstrated a role for eosinophil IL4 and mEar1 in blocking NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) activation in macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Conclusions: Eosinophils play a protective role in AAA by releasing IL4 and cationic proteins such as mEar1 to regulate macrophage and monocyte polarization and to block NF-κB activation in aortic inflammatory and vascular cells.


Misuse of hazardous materials may risk human health and the environment. In order to protect consumer's rights from the illegal behavior of producers, importers, distributors, and other stakeholders along the distribution of goods and services, The Government has issued Trade Minister Regulation Number 44/M-DAG/PER/9/2009 regarding Procurement, Distribution, and Surveilance of Hazardous Materials. This study is conducted in Makassar City, and the objectives of this paper are to identify and to evaluate the implementation of the Trade Minister Regulation. By using Regulatory Impact Assesment, the study reveals that Trade Minister Regulation Number 44/M-DAG/PER/9/2009 regarding Procurement, Distribution, and Surveilance of Hazardous Materials needs to be revised and consummated in order to provide effectiveness and prevention of misuse of hazardous materials, especially in foodstuffs. Keywords: Hazardous material, Trade Minister Regulation Number 44/M- DAG/PER/9/2009, Regulatory Impact Assesment


The tumor protein p53‐inducible nuclear protein 2 (TP53INP2) has been reported to participate in autophagy by interacting with autophagosome‐localized autophagy‐related protein 8 (Atg8) family proteins, including LC3. Here, we uncover a novel function for TP53INP2 in the autophagic degradation of proteins. We identify the ubiquitin‐interacting motif (UIM) of TP53INP2 that mediates its binding to ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins. TP53INP2 lacking the UIM is able to displace autophagic adaptor p62 from LC3, which leads to accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in cells. Furthermore, overexpression of TP53INP2 lacking the UIM sensitizes cells to chloroquine treatment. Our findings indicate that TP53INP2 may act as a novel autophagic adaptor through recruiting ubquitinated substrates to autophagosomes for degradation.


Twist drill is a cutting tool of large-batch and diversified varieties.Accurate measurement for the drill geometry is essential to drill design and reconditioning.To meet the demand of advance in manufacturing technology,in recent years,a number of non-contact drill measuring instruments,using CCD camera are researched.But these systems are not suitable in measuring three dimensional surfaces,especially the concave ones.As an effectual remedy,a three-dimensional(3-D)drill geometry measuring instrument using laser sensor is developed.It describes its configuration,In addition,the measurement and error compensation method for a cutting angle is detailed.The measured data agrees well with the known values.It was proved theoretically that the accuracy achieved by this method is enough for the measurement of the drill.


Supervised strike voting—World War II introduction to the U.S. and Canada—allowed employees "an opportunity to express themselves free from restraint and coercion, as to whether they will permit such interruption in wartime." Possible procedures are examined which trade unions ought to follow before calling a strike.


Summary This article presents the results of a study examining correlates of urban African American youth HIV knowledge. The influence of family level factors (e.g., family communication, parental AIDS knowledge and myths regarding HIV transmission, along with family composition and family income) are examined. In addition, the current study explores the influence of racial socialization processes, specifically the influence of religious/spiritual coping, extended family caring, cultural pride reinforcement and racial awareness teaching (Stevenson, 1994; 1995; 1997) on youth HIV knowledge. Multivariate analyses revealed a significant association between youth HIV knowledge and being reared in a single parent home. Further, in every model, controlling for all types of racial socialization processes, family communication was significantly associated with youth HIV knowledge. Implications are drawn regarding the development of culturally and contextually specific HIV prevention programming for African American youth and their families.


This article proposes an enhanced and less painful procedure to eliminate the flow of hormones from the X organ sinus gland in adult Macrobrachium americanum. Three groups and two controls were analyzed to determine the amount of stress caused by the following: (1) unilateral eyestalk ablation, (2) unilateral eyestalk ablation and covering to allow coagulation, and (3) ligation at the base of the eyestalk. Each group was divided into two subgroups to analyze the effect of treatment with and without Xylocaine. For males and females, the control groups were only manipulated but not ablated. The trauma caused by the treatments in M. americanum was reflected by behaviors related to pain, including tail flicking as a reflex response to allow escape and rubbing the affected area. In addition, we also observed alterations in five behaviors. Four behaviors were directly related to pain and discomfort – non-sheltering, disorientation, recoil and stooping – and the fifth, feeding behavior, was related to the hormonal disorder caused by the extirpation of the X organ sinus gland. The variables that were directly affected by the treatments were bleeding, ligating and hormonal state. The treatment that caused the most significant negative stimulus was ligation. The animals in the ligation group exhibited up to 50% more flicking, 90% more rubbing, 50% more disorientation, and 80% more recoil than the animals in the other subgroups. Ablation without covering to allow coagulation was a moderate significant negative stimulus. Finally, the treatment with the least negative stimulus was the treatment of females using anesthetic and ablation followed by covering to allow coagulation. This subgroup exhibited only 20% more flicking and 20% more rubbing than controls, and only 30% were not sheltered. These prawns also did not show disorientation, recoil or stooping. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Describe main points of coal chemical industry in "12th Five-Year" development plans published in China recently,specific objectives of several major products in "12th Five-Year" period.


Orthogonalization is the process of transforming a conjunctive normal form of a Boolean function to orthogonal conjunctive normal form, i.e. to a normal form in which any two clauses contain a pair of complementary literals. Orthogonal disjunctive normal form is de ̄ned similarly. The problem is of great relevance in several application, e.g. the reliability theory and the propositional satis ̄ability problem. We propose a procedure for transforming an arbitrary CNF or DNF to an orthogonal one, and present the results of computational experiments carried out on randomly generated Boolean formulae.


The Handbook on Implementation Science provides an overview of the field's multidisciplinary history, theoretical approaches, key concepts, perspectives, and methods. By drawing on knowledge concer ...


Fermentation parameters such as moisture content, the amount of soluble carbohydrates, protein and fiber contents of the initial forage, microbial populations and the amount of oxygen that starts the fermentation, pH, smell, Fleig's score, and aerobic stability must be considered. Among these, aerobic stability is the most important criteria that affect the silage quality and feeding value of silage after fermentation is complete. Especially after the silage is exposed to oxygen during feed out phase, it is the ability of silage to resist to unwanted microbial growth. Aerobic stability method is based upon the principle of temperature change (rise) of the material when the silage is exposed to oxygen. Moisture content and chemical compositions of the silages affect the quality closely. Especially silage with high moisture and protein contents cause butyric and ethanol rich fermentations frequently. Silage pH is another factor needs to be considered. Especially for corn and sugar beet pulp silages have the pH values of 3.5-4.0 due to their high-water soluble carbohydrate concentrations, while legume silage has the pH higher.


Modification of anatase by calcining titanium hydroxide or titania (UVLP) at 250°C in the presence of ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol afforded modified powders TiO2-EG, UVLP-EG, and UVLP-PE, respectively, active in visible light mineralization of 4-chlorophenol. The presence of surface hydroxyl groups is necessary for the modification process, since their removal results in a photocatalyst of much lower activity. When UVLP-EG was calcined at 400°C, the resulting residue is of very low activity suggesting oxidative destruction of an organic photosensitizer. Quasi-Fermi levels of −0.58, −0.53, −0.52, and −0.46 V were observed for TiO2-EG, UVLPcalc, UVLP-EG, and UVLP-PE, respectively. In attempts to desorb the photosensitizer, TiO2-EG, UVLP-EG, and UVLP-PE were treated at 90°C with NaOH as recently performed with the commercial material VLPcom. Whereas the activity of the residual powder was strongly decreased in the case of TiO2-EG, it did not change for UVLP-EG and UVLP-PE. Both the residues, UVLP-EGres and UVLP-PEres, exhibited slightly enhanced mineralization activities as compared to the starting materials. Thus, different from VLPcom and TiO2-EG, no sensitizer but only an organic impurity could be extracted. In agreement with this conclusion, the corresponding extracts had different emission spectra. Similarly, acidic desorption experiments on UVLP-EG again produced a very active residual powder. This inertness of UVLP-EG and UVLP-PE against alkali or acidic treatments suggests that the sensitizer is bound to the titania surface not through an ester bond as proposed for VLPcom.


Presented in this paper are ideal asymptotic performance characteristics for two types of multireceivers, the coherent adaptive multireceiver and the noncoherent multireceiver. The transmitter, for the system, is one which selects for transmission one of two equiprobable, equal energy correlated waveforms. The selected waveform is transmitted into the Rician fading multichannel with additive Gaussian noise superposed at the receiver end. The multichannel may take on one of four forms, i.e., it may change from one of a completely random nature to that of a completely fixed nature. All intermediate forms are permissible.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to document colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates among residents of Appalachia Ohio who were average-risk for CRC prior to the implementation of a mass media campaign to improve CRC screening in this population which experiences increased CRC incidence and mortality rates. Methods: A commercial list of Ohio Appalachia residents 50+ years of age was obtained for the 12 counties. Residents from each county were randomly selected and sent a letter of invitation to complete a telephone survey. Participants were called, consented, and interviewed. A medical record release form was requested to confirm self-report of CRC screening. Rate of within CRC screening guidelines was considered for any of the following: fecal occult blood test within the last year, flexible sigmoidoscopy within the last five years, or colonoscopy within the last ten years. The odds ratios (and 95% CIs) for being within guidelines by self-report were calculated for each covariate via univariate logistic regression. We conducted a path analysis using Mplus 5.0 to assess the relationship between factors leading to a CRC screening test. Results: A total of 1,106 interviews were completed. A medical record release form was provided by 795 (71.9%) of respondents and CRC screening information was returned by clinics for 91.4% of these participants. Overall, the majority of individuals were female (59%), White (97%), and were married (77%). The mean age was 61 years old, 38% were retired, 44% had less than a college education, 17% had annual household incomes less than $20,000, 91% had health insurance, and 12% were current smokers. Among the respondents, 93% reported that they had a healthcare provider, 82% had a check-up in the last year, and 54% rated their health as excellent or very good. Being within CRC screening guidelines by self-report was 61.4% in the entire sample, and among those with a medical record review (MRR) available, 68% were within guidelines by self-report and 49% by MRR. The following characteristics were significantly (p $50,000/year income vs. Conclusions: Low CRC screening rates among a random sample of residents of Appalachia Ohio show evidence to support increased CRC mortality rates among residents of Appalachia, documented in recent publications. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B93.


This is a follow-up to my paper presented at the 2012 KERA Annual Conference. In my 2012 paper, I argued that the editors of Kukmin-sohak-dokbon and Sinjeong-simsang-sohak, the textbooks published by the Ministry of Education during the Kabo reforms era, referred to some contemporary American textbooks. The audience suggested that some contemporary Japanese textbooks might have exerted a strong influence on these Korean textbooks. To verify this, I collected some contemporary Japanese textbooks and a paper on Kukmin-sohak-dokbon with the help of a Korean language expert. Upon analysis of this and other materials, I ascertained the following: First, 78% of Kukmin-sohak-dokbon is equal to the Japanese Kodeung-sohak-dokbon published in 1888 by the Japanese Ministry of Education. Second, a substantial amount of Sinjeong-simsang-sohak is identical to the Japanese Simsang-sohak-dokbon published in 1887 by aforementioned ministry. Third, Kukmin-sohak-dokbon cites an episode from Misok-seupyou written in 1888 by Jeongyang Park, the first minister plenipotentiary to America. Fourth, some content of Misok-seupyou matches the American New National Readers written in 1882 by Barnes. Fifth, a part of Sinjeong-simsang-sohak corresponds to the New National Readers. It is therefore clear that Kukmin-sohak-dokbon and Sinjeong-simsang-sohak make reference to both contemporary Japanese and American textbooks.


We describe the 3D Twins Expression Challenge ("3D TEC") in the area of 3D face recognition. The supporting dataset contains 3D scans of pairs of identical twins taken with two different facial expressions, neutral and smiling. The dataset is smaller than the FRGC v2 dataset by approximately a factor of ten, but is still more challenging than the FRGC v2 dataset due to it containing twins with different expressions. We evaluate the performance of a modern 3D face recognition algorithm against the dataset and demonstrate that distinguishing between identical twins is a difficult problem which becomes more difficult when expressions come into play. This challenge problem will help to push the frontiers of 3D face recognition.


A new class of fuzzy stochastic optimization models — two-stage fuzzy stochastic programming with Value-at-Risk (VaR) criteria is established in this paper. An approximation algorithm is proposed to compute the VaR by combining discretization method of fuzzy variable, random simulation technique and bisection method. The convergence theorem of the approximation algorithm is also proved. To solve the two-stage fuzzy stochastic programming problems with VaR criteria, we integrate the approximation algorithm, neural network (NN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and hence produce a hybrid PSO algorithm to search for the optimal solution. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the designed hybrid PSO algorithm.


Let $K$ be a finite extension of $\mathbb{Q}$ and $\mathcal{O}_K$ be its ring of integers. Let $\mathfrak{B}$ be a primitive collection of ideals in $\mathcal{O}_K$. We show that any $\mathfrak{B}$-free system is essentially minimal. Moreoever, the $\mathfrak{B}$-free system is minimal if and only if the characteristic function of $\mathfrak{B}$-free numbers is a Toeplitz sequence. Equivalently, there are no ideal $\mathfrak{d}$ and no infinite pairwise coprime collection of ideals $\mathcal{C}$ such that $\mathfrak{d}\mathcal{C}\subseteq\mathfrak{B}$. Moreover, we find a periodic structure in the Toeplitz case. Last but not least, we describe the restrictions on the cosets of ideals contained in unions of ideals.


In this work we present some results on deterministic and stochastic integrodifferential equations in Hilbert spaces, motivated from and applied to problems arising from the mathematical modeling of electromagnetics fields in complex random media. We examine the mild, strong and classical well posedness for the Cauchy problem of the integrodifferential equation which describes Maxwell's equations complemented with the general (and therefore nonlocal in time) linear constitutive relations describing such media, with either additive or multiplicative noise.


The fishery scene in India till the end of World War II
was almost entirely artisanal both in the inland and marine
sectors. Since then conscientious efforts have been made by
the governments at the Centre as well as States for the development
of the apparently large resources with which the
country is endowed. Many major lines of development in
marine fisheries were initiated in the late 1940s. One such
was the setting up of the Deep Sea Fishing Station (DSFS)
at Bombay in 1946 with the aim of augmenting food supply
through development of deepsea fishing. This station, to start
with, was conceived as an integrated fisheries project with
facilities for fishing, fish preservation, fish marketing, cold
storage, ice plant etc. The specific functions, however, were
charting of fishing grounds and training of deepsea fishing
personnel.


Our antibiotic weaponry in the form of resistance inhibitors and combination therapies are proving a failure with the extensive drug resistance scenario leaving the multidrug resistance part far behind. Culture and sensitivity interpretation redefined. Scientific innovations get modified from time to time& so get interpretations. What is logic today may not be applicable tomorrow. We have to change as per the changing times & keep abreast with latest developments& incorporate need based surveillance and research tools in our systems otherwise wrongs would continue to happen.


The research presents the results of data analysis on degassing of wheel grades of steels in a tank degasser with a capacity of 120 tons, operated at the JSC "Ural Steel". The volume of the analyzed sample included 754 steels for railway wheels (steel grades "2" and "T" according to State standard GOST 10791-2011) weighing more than 80 thousand tons received in November-December 2019.It was established that in order to guarantee the production of hydrogen content of less than 1.5 ppm and nitrogen before 0.007%, it is necessary to carry out vacuum treatment of metal with overheating of 110-130°C at the residual pressure of up to 3 mbar for 20-25 minutes and argon flow rate of at least 0.05 m3/ton. The regression equation was obtained, which allows to predict the results of degassing, as well as select the values of vacuum treatment parameters in order to achieve a given content of dissolved gases - hydrogen and nitrogen.


In this paper video signal level of the filmed material is measured on telecine with respect to a TAF (telecine analysis film) as reference value. On telecine calibrated according to TAF, projection of filmed material from shooting location needs same corrections. Instead of correcting signal, telecine is recalibrated according to the light conditions on shooting location and projects best possible image quality from shooting location. After the transfer, TAF is replaced and created video signal is measured. Results of measurement are compared and differences are established. Differences appear because of different light conditions, deliberately created to achieve artistic atmosphere of the picture, but must be unchanged during the same film scene in order to maintain constant quality level of the particular film part. Monitoring quality of filmed material is possible by control over established differences while transferring material from the same shooting location of the particular film scene. Uniformity of picture parameters during the whole film scene is considered as quality of shot material


1. Spencer RC. Temocillin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1990; 26: 735–7. 2. Potz N, Hope R, Warner M et al. CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli now the dominant cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in London and SE England. In: Abstracts of the Fifteenth European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2005. Abstract O-206. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11 Suppl 2: 48. 3. Andrews JM. BSAC standardized disc susceptibility testing method (version 4). J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 56: 60–76. 4. Livermore DM, Winstanley TG, Shannon KP. Interpretative reading: recognising the unusual and inferring resistance mechanisms from resistance phenotypes. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48: 87–102. 5. Woodford N, Fagan EJ, Ellington MJ. Multiplex PCR for rapid detection of genes encoding CTX-M extended-spectrum b-lactamases. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 57: 154–5. 6. Perez-Perez FJ, Hanson ND. Detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC b-lactamase genes in clinical isolates by using multiplex PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 2153–62. 7. Woodford N, Ward ME, Kaufmann ME et al. Community and hospital spread of Escherichia coli producing CTX-M extended-spectrum b-lactamases in the UK. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004; 54: 735–43. 8. Frankard J, Byl B, Rodriguez-Villalobos H et al. Clinical presentation and outcome of multi-resistant Enterobacter aerogenes infections: a review of 116 episodes. In: Abstracts of the Fourteenth European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Prague, Czech Republic, 2004. Abstract P-1358. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10 Suppl 3: 379. 9. Slocombe B, Basker MJ, Bentley PH et al. BRL 17421, a novel b-lactam antibiotic, highly resistant to b-lactamases, giving high and prolonged serum levels in humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1981; 20: 38–46.


(1) The vapor pressure equations of liquid and solid, normal deuterium were determined by comparison of the vapor pressure of deuterium with that of liquid, normal hydrogen between 13.9° and 20.40°K. The triple and boiling points of deuterium were found to be 18.58° and 23.5°K, respectively. (2) The changes with time in the vapor pressures of liquid hydrogen and liquid deuterium at 20.4°K, resulting from ortho‐para conversions, were investigated. The rate of change of the vapor pressure of liquid deuterium resulting from its natural, self‐conversion was found to be less than 1/40th of the natural rate of conversion for liquid hydrogen. (3) From the vapor pressure equations of deuterium and an equation of state, its latent heats were deduced by the use of the Clausius‐Clapeyron equation. Two equations of state for deuterium were used: (a) the empirically determined equation for hydrogen, and (b) an equation deduced from an equation of state of hydrogen of a form required by the Bose‐Einstein statistics by ...


Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) or orthohydroxybenzoic acid play a major role in regulation of many physiological processes e.g. growth, development, ion absorption and germination of plats. In order to evaluate the effects of prepriming Fennel seed with salicylic acid in salinity stress condition, on germination and growth characteristics of Fennel, an experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental treatments were salicylic acid with 7 levels (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 4 mM) and salinity with 5 levels (0, 0.3, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 percentage). All salicylic acid and salinity treatments had significant effect on percentage and speed germination, length of radicle and hypocotyle, dry weight of radicle, hypocotyle and seedling and radicle / hypocotyle ratio (R/H). One mM salicylic acid had the highest percentage and speed of germination, length of radicle and hypocotyle and dry weight of radicle, hypocotyle and seedling. The highest radicle/hypocotyle ratio was obtained at 1.5 mM salicylic acid. Four mM salicylic acid didn't have significant effect on all maintained parameters. With no salinity stress (control), salicylic acid didn't have any significant effect on all parameters, but when there was salinity stress; prepriming increased all studied characteristics significantly. Therefore, based on our results it seems that salinity resistance of Fennel seeds at germination stage will increase by treating seeds with on mM salicylic acid.

Keywords: Fennel, Germination, Orthohydroxybenzoic acid, Salinity stress


Posterior interosseous nerve compressions are rare. The compression of the posterior interosseous nerve can happen either before, or through or after the course of the nerve in the supinator muscle. Tumors could rarely lead to secondary compression of the nerve by mass effect. We describe a case of a lady aged 73 years with a posterior interosseous nerve syndrome due to an intermuscular lipoma. The patient had appreciable recovery after surgery and physiotherapy. Keywords: Intermuscular lipoma, Posterior interosseous nerve, Compression.


50 cases of leukemic bone marrow were studied by the fluorochrominized tissue culture with acridine orange divised in our laboratory. Following results were obtained.
1. In acute leukemias, the growth area was extremely dense with migrating cells and its boundary was distinctly defined. It was characteristic in fluorochrominized tissue culture that the greater part of the growth area was green in color owing to the fluorescence of blast cells and its outer zone was somewhat reddish in acute myelogenous leukemia and yellowish in acute lymphocytic leukemia because of the presence of mature cells.
2. In chronic leukemias, the well-defined boundary of the growth area with a high cell density, which was also characteristic of acute leukemia, was sorrounded by another less dense zone of mature cells, forming a double growth zone. In chronic myelogenous leukemia, the inner zone of this doudle growth zone showed reddish green color, and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia yellowish green color. In the outer zone of this double growth zone the flnorescence of mature leukocytes was especially predominant.
3. In monocytic leukemia, the growth pattern was almost similar to that in aute lenkemia, but its fluorescent color was somewhat different. In the growth area there were many, greenish orange colored promonocytes and monocytes, green monoblasts, yellow lymphocytes and a few neutrophils with reddish orange granules. Therefore the growth area in monocytic leukemia disclosed multi-colored fluorescence.
4. To conclude these results, the growth area of each type of leukemia were occupied by the fluorescence of predominant leukemic cells. Accordingly by the fluorochrominized tissue culture of bone marrow the diagnosis of leukemia types could be performed.


Process development for a multi-kilogram-scale synthesis of GDC-0022, an inhibitor of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORc), is described. Delivery of the active pharmaceutical in...


An effective mass based model accounting for the conduction band quantization in semiconductor nanotip is developed to describe injected electron transport and subsequent electron emission from the nanotip. A transfer matrix formalism is used to treat electron scattering induced by the variation in the tip diameter and the electron emission. Numerical analysis of the scattering and emission probabilities is performed for a simple diamond nanotip geometry. Our scattering and emission models are subsequently combined with a Monte Carlo (MC) approach to simulate electron transport through the nanotip. The MC simulations, also accounting for the phonon scattering and externally applied electric field, are performed for the nanotip and an equivalent width diamond slab. An effect of the level quantization, electron scattering due to the nanotip diameter variation, and phonon scattering on the nanotip emission properties is identified and compared with the case of the bulk slab.


Colletotrichum truncatum was initially described from pepper and has been reported to infect 180 host genera in 55 plant families worldwide. Samples were collected from pepper plants showing typical anthracnose symptoms. Diseased samples after isolation were identified as C. truncatum based on morphological characters and ITS-rDNA and β-tubulin sequence data. Intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to estimate genetic diversity in C. truncatum from Malaysia. A set of 3 ISSR primers revealed a total 26 allele from the amplified products. Cluster analysis with UPGMA method clustered C. truncatum isolates into two main groups, which differed with a distance of 0.64. However, the genetic diversity of C. truncatum isolates showed correlation between genetic and geographical distribution, but it failed to reveal a relationship between clustering and pathogenic variability. Phylogenetic analyses discriminated the C. truncatum isolates from other reference Colletotrichum species derived from GenBank. Among the morphological characters, shape, colour of colony and growth rate in culture were partially correlated with the ISSR and phylogenetic grouping. Pathogenicity tests revealed that C. truncatum isolates were causal agents for pepper anthracnose. In the cross-inoculation assays, C. truncatum isolates were able to produce anthracnose symptoms on tomato, eggplant, onion, lettuce and cabbage. A pathogenicity and cross-inoculation studies indicated the potential of C. truncatum for virulence and dominancy on plant resistance.


The effect of viscosity variations associated with large scale chemical heterogeneities on mixing in the mantle is studied for a model two-dimensional problem. Low viscosity regions are rapidly deformed, develop long tendrils, and are entrained towards regions of surface divergence. Very viscous regions are only slowly stretched; thus, geochemical reservoirs can persist relatively undisturbed for long periods of time if they are >O(10–100) times more viscous than the surrounding mantle. High viscosity ratio blobs have a tendency to aggregate, leading to the formation of large scale heterogeneities from smaller ones.


The homelessness phenomenon presents itself as a problem that, even in societies with higher levels of socioeconomic development, has drawn political attention because it constitutes the most serious manifestation of social exclusion, which has provided the design of national and local social poli-cies in recent years.This article results from the reflections of a curricular internship in Social Work and intends to contribute to the systematization of the social policy instruments aimed at homeless people at the national and local levels. For this purpose, the social problem under analysis was con-ceptualized, political approaches and proposals at the national and local levels were identified, and the intervention of social workers was analyzed considering the main principles, models and ins-truments and systematized the intervention contexts of Social Work in the city of Porto. Finally, the necessity to deepen the study of this theme is reiterated, using contributions from different discipli-nary areas, with a special focus on Social Work, its potentialities and limitations.


Dermatologists commonly use the term hair pattern to describe the relative distribution over the body surface of terminal and vellus hairs, and those variations in pattern which are androgen-induced have been extensively investigated. The zoologist and the comparative anatomist apply the term to the distribution of hair tracts, which determine the direction of slope of hair follicles in various regions of the body. These hair-slope patterns have until recently attracted little interest among clinicians, but it is now evident that their further study may be rewarding. Hair-slope patterns in man and various other animals were recorded by some ofthe great anatomists of the nineteenth century, and stimulated much speculation concerning their origin and significance. Walter Kidd (i 853-1929), who was a successfvil general practitioner at Blackheath, near London, and an enthusiastic amateur geneticist, devoted many years to the detailed study of hair-slope patterns. He brought together much of the material in his earlier publications in a slim volume published in 1901 and entitled 'Use-inheritance illustrated by the direction of hair on the bodies of animals'. Two years later he published a much more comprehensive book on the same subject. As the title of the earlier book implies Kidd maintained a Lamarckian standpoint, for his ingenious explanations of species differences in pattern, in terms of their habits in grooming and in rain protection, depended on the inheritance of acquired characters. In 1924 Bolk, the professor of anatomy at Amsterdam, published a report on the frontal hair-slope patterns in sixty human fetuses. He was impressed by their great variability. He dismissed Kidd's incrimination of external factors, but could only conclude rather lamely that 'hair slope is probably the expression of certain conditions of growth in the skin'. Surprisingly, perhaps, another distinguished anatomist, F. Wood Jones, then of Adelaide, came to Kidd's defence. He believed that in the primitive condition the hair sloped caudad and ventrad on the trimk, and post-axially and distally on the limbs. He thought, like Kidd, that this hypothetical primitive pattern had been modified by 'the actual purposive activities ofthe animal itself' (Wood Jones, i924-25a, b). He supported his argument with a series of observations on hair-slope patterns in certain marsupials, in which he thought the method of grooming had determined the pattern. After examining Wood Jones' seductively convincing drawings, it has reluctantly to be admitted that the significance of hair-slope patterns was still obscure. There were few clinical studies of hair-slope patterns. However Kiil (1948a) took a useful step forward when he classified the frontal hair-slope patterns in a Norwegian population into three types and showed that there was complete concordance in uni-ovular twins and 43% in binovular twins. Inheritance was apparently determined by autosomal dominant genes. Later Kiil (1948b) studied mental defectives in Connecticut. The same three principal patterns were observed as in the earlier investigation, but there was evidence of racial variation in the frequency ofthe various types. The subjects included sixty-six mongoloids, amongst whom one of the three patterns did not occur. Recently important advances have been made by Smith & Gong (1974) ofthe Dysmorphology Unit of the University of Washington. These investigators studied hair-slope patterns in the scalp in normal fetuses and in those with disorders of early brain development, and human patterns were


The recall and recognition of people for 95 print ads were examined with an aim toward investigating memory structure and decay processes. It was found that recall and recognition do not, by themselves, measure a single underlying memory state. Rather, memory is multidimensional, and recall and recognition capture only a portion of memory, while at the same time reflecting other mental states. When interest in the ads was held constant, however, recall and recognition did measure memory as a unidimensional construct. Further, an examination of memory over three points in time showed considerable stability. The findings are interpreted from the perspective of recent research in cognitive psychology as well as current thinking in consumer behavior and advertising research. Managerial implications are considered as well.


O besity has become a worldwide epidemic, not only in the developed world but also in developing countries.1 In fact, after the United States, China and India have the secondand third-largest obese population, respectively. Obesity leads to many comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, and stroke; therefore, there is a critical need to find solutions to this widespread problem, which is responsible for one-fifth of all deaths in the United States.2 Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, and morbid obesity is defined as a BMI > 40 kg/m2 (candidacy for bariatric surgery). Interestingly, these definitions are different for people of Asian ethnicity (BMI > 25 kg/m2 for obesity and > 35 kg/m2 for candidacy for bariatric surgery).3,4 Produced by cells located mostly (> 90%) in the mucosa of the fundus of the stomach, ghrelin is the only known orexigenic hormone. Gastric sleeve surgery causes a marked sustained reduction in ghrelin production (approximately 40%–50% at 5 years),5 and it is believed that this may be a contributing factor to weight loss in gastric sleeve surgery (other than the actual reduction in stomach volume). Therefore, it is logical that embolization of the fundus of the stomach could result in marked appetite suppression and, thus, weight loss. This article reviews study results of initial animal and human studies of bariatric embolization and their limitations, procedural technique, and challenges to conducting trials of gastric artery embolization (GAE) for obesity to confirm its safety and efficacy. GASTRIC ARTERY EMBOLIZATION FOR OBESITY GAE has been used since the 1970s to treat life-threatening gastric hemorrhage.6,7 This is commonly accepted as standard of care, has been life saving for thousands of patients, and yet has been safe and effective enough to be used empirically in the setting of angiographically negative life-threatening hemorrhage.8 Recent animal in porcine and canine models have shown that GAE suppresses ghrelin levels, resulting in weight loss. Arepally et al first described the technique of GAE to reduce weight gain in a controlled study. Sodium morrhuate was used in a porcine model with resultant lower ghrelin levels and significantly blunted weight gain in otherwise rapidly growing young swine.9 Paxton et al described using 40-μm microsphere particle embolization in a similar porcine model, which also resulted in decreased ghrelin levels, reduced weight gain, and no duodenal upregulation of ghrelin.10,11 Bawudun et al described a technique of left gastric embolization using a mixture of bleomycin and Lipiodol (Guerbet USA) versus polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 500to 700-μm particles in a canine model. At the end of the 8-week trial, there was significant reduction in plasma ghrelin, body weight, and subcutaneous fat without gastric ulceration (unlike the swine studies where there was ulceration).12


OMNI sampler,the attenuated total reflection accessory of the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,was used to analyze the infrared spectrum of three kinds of panax japonicus from different habitats.The results showed that the infrared spectrum was mainly composed of characteristic absorption peaks of saponin,polyoses and amino acid.Their infrared spectrum absorption peaks near 1190—890cm-1 were different,and the intensity of absorption peaks among them varied to some extent.The ATR-FTIR technique can identify panax japonicus easily and rapidly.


The paper examines the concept of semantic subordination in terminology and lexical semantics. Although the two traditions differ in their view of language, their inventories of semantic relations are very similar. It is shown that the defining characteristics of the generic relationships from the principles of terminology correspond to most of the salient features of contrast sets. It is argued that the onomasiological dictionaries constitute a valuable collection of data on the semantic relationships in the general language. Examples are given from Dansk Begrebsordbog. It is claimed that the registration of contrast sets is one step towards an operational definition of word sense.


Background and Purpose Lower grade glioma (LGG) is one of the leading causes of death world worldwide. We attempted to develop and validate a radiosensitivity model for predicting the survival of lower grade glioma by using spike-and-slab lasso Cox model. Methods In this research, differentially expressed genes based on tumor microenvironment was obtained to further analysis. Log-rank test was used to identify genes in patients who received radiotherapy and patients who did not receive radiotherapy, respectively. Then, spike-and-slab lasso was performed to select genes in patients who received radiotherapy. Finally, three genes (INA, LEPREL1 and PTCRA) were included in the model. A radiosensitivity-related risk score model was established based on overall rate of TCGA dataset in patients who received radiotherapy. The model was validated in TCGA dataset that PFS as endpoint and two CGGA datasets that OS as endpoint. A novel nomogram integrated risk score with age and tumor grade was developed to predict the OS of LGG patients. Results We developed and verified a radiosensitivity-related risk score model. The radiosensitivity-related risk score is served as an independent prognostic indicator. This radiosensitivity-related risk score model has prognostic prediction ability. Moreover, the nomogram integrated risk score with age and tumor grade was established to perform better for predicting 1, 3, 5-year survival rate. Conclusions This model can be used by clinicians and researchers to predict patient's survival rates and achieve personalized treatment of LGG.


The invention, Stack appropriate car assignment process performed without, and an object thereof is to obtain an elevator group management system in a passenger car can be recognized without error to be bound. The present invention, ride group allocation unit (1) on the basis of the landing call registration information of each floor (FL (i)) received from the landing operating panel (OB (i)), assigned to ride group for each passenger and it allowed to display the ride group name that is assigned to the transmission of the landing call registration platform control panel (OB (i)). If the ride group car assignment portion 2, ride group running car assignment process for assigning any one of a plurality of the cage for a ride group as allocated car allocated by the allocating unit (1), and assigned car determining, the final allocation is applied to the car and passenger guidance command (CM2) comprising at least the combination information of the ride in the car control group (CE (i)).


The hydrous zirconium oxide was loaded successfully onto the polymeric adsorbent (D401) to obtain a new adsorbing material (D401-Zr). The adsorptive behavior of arsenic from an aquatic environment by using D401-Zr under different experimental conditions was investigated. The results indicated that D401-Zr had a good adsorption capacity to As(V) at pH < 5.2, whereas As(III) was well adsorbed in the pH range from 6.3 to 9.2. The static experiment data showed that the adsorption isotherm presented a good fitting to the Langmuir model. Adsorption kinetics of arsenic at different concentrations was well described in terms of a pseudo-second-order equation with regard to correlation coefficients and adsorption capacity. The removal percentage of D401-Zr to As(V) still reached more than 90 % in the presence of the coexisting ions such as SO42– and Cl–, but PO43– and F– had a strong inhibition on As(V), which would cause the removal percentage decreasing obviously.


[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical activity on the muscular strength of the lower extremities of mentally retarded adults. [Subjects] The subjects were ten adults with mental retardation, residents of a special institution, who took part in an aerobic and strength exercise program and ten others who did not perform any exercise for 24 weeks. [Methods] Participants in the exercise group performed the combined exercise therapy at 55–69% HRmax for an hour 3–4 days a week for 24 weeks. Leg muscular strength was measured before and after the training. The paired t-test was used analyze the difference between before and after training. [Results] The exercise group showed significantly improved leg muscular strength. [Conclusion] The findings imply that the physical activity over a long period has a significant effect on the muscular strength of the lower extremity of adults with mental retardation.


A novel multiscale model named generalized linear scale autoregressive(GLSA) is proposed,while both approximation and detail information of images are considered.Firstly,GLSA model is established to represent the map between the pixels residing at images of various resolutions;after that,parameters of the model are obtained from original image and its wavelet decomposition results to decide the map;finally,the identified map is used to estimate images at finer resolution from coarser versions.The model is applied to face recognition.Parameters of the model about testing image are compared with that about training images are compared to classify the testing image.Experimental results show that images estimated by GLSA model are more similar to target images than those estimated by LSA model.The GLSA-based face recognition system is robust to illumination.


The international Chinese language education is the important component of Chinese international promotion strategy.To enhance the analysis and determination on Chinese international education characteristic,we can promote the understand the theoretical researchers and practitioners on Chinese international education connotation to a great extent,promotes,thus better practice the Chinese international education,accelerate the Chinese to head for the world,and boost the development of national soft power.


Reply 1: Thank you for your valuable comment. We completely agree that combination of EGFR-TKI and chemotherapy is another promising treatment option; however, there has been no data that efficacy of chemotherapy differs among ex19del subtype and L858R subtype. In this letter, we would like to focus on the different sensitivity to EGFR-TKI between ex19del and L858R. Therefore, we decided citing FLAURA2 study in not appropriate in our letter. We appreciate your understanding.


Summary Major issue in the treatment of cancer is its early diagnosis. If cancer is diagnosed at earlier stage, it can easily be treated. Alteration in plasma lipid profile may also be used as marker for diagnosis of cancer.


This article has as general objective to analyze which components of persuasion and incentives sales have better results when they are applied in merchandising strategies used in the industry disposable children diapers with the public that attends a supermarket in Vitoria da Conquista - Bahia, while the specific objectives were to identify which brand of napkins for babies who has greater preference of the consumer


Analog circuit for presenting fixed pulse output corresponding to each cardiac cycle of given electrocardiogram and highly unresponsive to noise interference


ABSTRACT The present study is based on oribatid mite material collected from soil and nests of the termite, Trinervitermes trinervoides of the Golden Gate Highlands National Park in South Africa. A list of identified taxa, including 49 species, belonging to 41 genera and 24 families, is presented; of these, 13 species, eight genera and two families are found in South Africa for the first time. The faunistic comparison of mites from soil and termite nests showed higher abundance and species richness in soil than in the nests. Soil samples contain dominant species Oppiella nova, Tectocepheus velatus sarekensis, Africoribates pilosus, Afroleius lucidus and Scheloribates elsi versus Ausoribula bloemfonteinensis and Coetzeella navalensis in termite nests. One new species, Urubambates ueckermanni sp. nov. (Scheloribatidae) is described as differing from all known species of the genus by the presence of monodactylous legs. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:48FD196B-5FED-43AC-AB1E-1F3A3E0C2C78


In die artikel word uitgegaan van die standpunt dat die geestelike ten grondslag van die geesteswetenskappe in 'n krisis verkeer. Ter motivering hiervan word die volgende aangevoer. In die eerste afdeling word geluister na 'n historiese wenk vanuit die verlede. Ten grondslag van hierdie historiese verwysings (in die besonder na die Hoe Middeleeue en die ervaring van die geestelike soos wat dit onder meer in die Gotiese katedraal na vore tree) le die gedagte dat daar inderdaad historiese voorbeelde bestaan op grond waarvan afgelei kan word dat die geestelike vandag in 'n krisis is. In die tweede afdeling word verwys na die moderne breuk tussen die geestelike en die materiele en die verskralende werking wat dit op die betekenis van sowel die geestelike as die materiele in die moderne wereld het. In die derde en laaste afdeling word die krisis van die gees in verband gebring met die moderne historisme en in die besonder met die feit dat die geestelike vanwee die historisme van sy opdraggewende gesag (sy "behoort") gestroop word. Hierdie toestand lei daartoe dat die geesteswetenskappe weerloos in die aangesig van die dominante neoliberale denkraamwerk aan openbare instellings gelaat word.
On the Spiritual
Linking up with the discussion in a previous edition of the Journal of Humanities on the present state of "human spirituality" (Volume 52:1, March 2012), it is argued in this article that talk about the crisis of the human spirit is indeed legitimate. However, unlike the trend among authors in the mentioned edition of JH to isolate the crisis from the religious and metaphysical tradition, it is argued in this article that it must be evaluated against this background. While "Jerusalem" and "Athens" in the past formed the necessary preconditions to the important place awarded to the spiritual in Western culture, the present crisis is marked by the absence of these sources. Without falling prey to the nostalgic yearning for a forgotten paradise of the spirit, it is argued that the crisis can best be understood when compared to a previous historical era. In this regard brief reference is made to the High Middle Ages, and more specifically the latter's tendency to express its high regard for the spiritual by means of Gothic architecture. In comparison with the latter's tendency to direct the gaze of the believer upwards to the spiritual, contemporary architecture, as exemplified by the "mall", horizontalises the gaze of the consumer, fixing it in a reductive fashion on the material. In the second section of the article the focus shifts to a closely related argument based on the history of ideas. Although "Jerusalem" and "Athens" gave an unqualified preference to the spiritual above the material, the spiritual and the material were also seen as necessarily intertwined and mutually dependent. In contrast, modern thought isolates the spiritual from the material, causing a reduction in the meaning of both. While the material was henceforth seen as dead and pure malleable material at the disposal of the modern subject, the spiritual in turn was withdrawn from the external world and made to exist only in the inner recesses of subjective feelings, moods, and convictions. The last section continues the emphasis on the history of ideas. Following on the argument above it is argued that the contemporary crisis of the spirit can be traced back to the dominance of historicism in the humanities and the resultant lack of belief in die authority of the spiritual. While the tradition associated the spiritual with the authoritative command to realise a condition beyond the material (see the ideal of Bildung at the modern university), a rampant historicism destroyed the very precondition thereof, leaving the humanities defenceless in the face of the neo-liberal philosophies ruling our public institutions.


This article deals with certain aspects of intercultural communication, cognition and translation. These aspects concern comparative research of language phenomena, which are directly connected to the functioning in the discourse and interpretation of nominations based on national culture phenomena.


License plate recognition(LPR)system contributed to facilitate the human work and make it easier. It is an image processing technology, which uses number plate to identify the vehicles. This paper aims to investigate in the existing LPR research by categorizing existing methods by analyzing the pros/cons of these features, and comparing them in terms of the algorithms that involve and recognition performance. We focus on the recent studies and their limitations, since each country has a different environment and format of licence plate.


Coating deposition modes and techniques on the surface by manual arc under conditions of process pulsed variation of power data on the surface of parent metal and welded joints from the austenitic steels are developed.


The basic time scales are presented: International Atomic Time, Universal Time, and Universal Time (Coordinated). These scales must be maintained in order to satisfy specific requirements. It is shown how they are obtained and made available at a very high level of precision.


TiO2 has the characteristics of low cost and good optical stability, but its light absorption range is narrow and its electrons are easy to combine with. The addition of metal nanoparticles can help to improve its charge transfer rate and improve its catalytic performance. In the paper, amorphous TiO2 pore structure was obtained using PVP as a template and then Ag was deposited on the surface of TiO2 through a simple ultraviolet light illumination. With increase of irradiation time, the distribution and deposition state of Ag particles were different. Through the electrochemical test, it was found that the deposition of Ag particles in a-TiO2 decreased impedance and improved the hole–electron pairs' separation efficiency and carrier concentration. After 15-h irradiation, Ag/a-TiO2 composite can form a uniform Schottky barrier and its photocatalytic hydrogen production effect was the best. The highest hydrogen production rate in 15 h of UV light reached 400.3 μmol g−1 h−1. Finally, the electron transfer mechanism of Ag/a-TiO2 was explained.


The need for utility service line replacement or repairs with minimum disruption to the surface has increased the demand for trenchless excavation methods like microtunneling. Microtunneling is a trenchless technique that is used in installation of new pipelines. Microtunneling can be applied in gravity and pressure lines, permanent ducts for cables, and crossings under rails or roads. When bidding a microtunneling project, the main concern of microtunneling contractors is predicting the underground behavior of the machine. In other words, the microtunneling productivity is the key for profit in microtunneling projects. Contractors use their own experience in predicting approximate productivity, which risks cost estimation accuracy for microtunneling projects. Contractors lack productivity models that help them in predicting overall project time. Predicting the overall time for microtunneling projects in different soil types using probabilistic analysis methods is the purpose of this paper. Low, medium, and high performance operation is considered in the models. Contractors can use the models in predicting the overall project time through different soil types in bidding phase. Contractors can use it as well to evaluate the performance of project team. Researcher can use these models to start a more detailed analysis of the bidding process of microtunneling projects.


Abstract This paper develops a methodology to measure the effectiveness of government's income support on poverty. This is accomplished by computing poverty elasticities with respect to individual income components. A poverty reform index is developed to bring marginal reforms in government transfer programmes in order to minimize aggregate poverty. Applying the methodology developed in this paper to Australian data offers many useful conclusions concerning the changes in poverty in Australia between 1984 to 1988–9 and 1988–9 to 1993–4.


A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all surgical patients in Malmö, Sweden, during the period from 1951 to 1988 in whom pulmonary emboli were found at autopsy. The analysis included a comparison with the earlier analysed and reported time period from 1951 to 1980. A continued high frequency of pulmonary embolism at autopsy was seen during the 1980s (20·3 per cent of deaths, 31·7 per cent of autopsies). Of the 391 autopsy‐verified pulmonary emboli found between 1981 and 1988, 113 (28·9 per cent) were considered fatal, 104 (26·6 per cent) contributed to death and 174 (44·5 per cent) were incidental. Few patients had symptomatic deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism before death. The overall frequency of major pulmonary embolism in surgical patients remained unchanged (0·3 per cent). The frequency of major postoperative pulmonary embolism showed an increase during the 1950s and 1960s (maximum 0·4 per cent) but a decrease in the last 5‐year period of the 1970s (0.3 per cent), which has earlier been reported upon. This decrease continued during the 1980s (0·2 per cent) (P<0·05). An increase was found in the number of patients operated on who had autopsy‐proven pulmonary embolism and who received thromboprophylaxis. Pulmonary embolism continues to be a major cause of death in surgical patients; however, postoperative major pulmonary embolism has shown a reduction in the last 15‐year period.


PURPOSE: A crystalline modified epoxy resin and an epoxy resin composition are provided to ensure excellent moldability and reliability and to form a hardening material with high thermal conductivity, low absorption, low thermal expansibility, and high thermal resistance. CONSTITUTION: A crystalline modified epoxy resin which is crystalline in a room temperature and has a melting point of 120~160 °C is obtained by reacting a mixture consisting of (a) 100.0 parts by weight of 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl and (b) 20~100.0 parts by weight of phenolic compound represented by chemical formula(1), with epichlorohydrin.


Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has the capacity of detecting trace amount of biological or chemical matter, even single molecules, through the use of metallic nanostructures such as nanorods. Silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanorods have led to the impressive enhancement of Raman signals, but they are either expensive, degrade fast over time, or suffer from poor sample repeatability. In contrast, Al is much less expensive, and Al nanorods could potentially be resistant to degradation over time due to the protection from native aluminum-oxide layers. Unfortunately, the controllable growth of Al nanorods has not been reported so far. This Letter reports, for the first time, the controllable growth of Al nanorods using physical vapor deposition (PVD); through the use of oxygen (O) surfactants. The enhancement factor of the Al nanorods in SERS is as high as 1250, and shows nearly no degradation after storage in ambient for 30 days or annealing at 475 K for one day.


Abstract For third line quality control of laboratories participation in laboratory‐evaluating programs is recommended and sometimes obligated (accredited laboratories). The Wageningen Evaluating Programmes for Analytical Laboratories (WEPAL) currently organizes four such programs for agricultural and environmental laboratories. Within these programs, analytical data for many samples and elements/parameters from many laboratories are collected regularly, including information on methods of digestion/extraction (MIC1) and detection (MIC2). In this contribution the statistics used in these programs are explained.


39 Up to 8 Ge detectors have been used to collect 11.2 kg·y of data in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay. Present half-life limits are (7 to 13) x 1023y for the o+ --+ o+ transition and (2 to 3) x 1023y for that from o+ --+ 2' where in each case the first number comes from the fluctuation in the background (about 1.4 counts/keV·kg·y at 2 MeV) and the second from a maximum likelihood analysis. One Ge detector has also been used to search for low energy recoils to set limits on the masses of weakly interacting massive particles which could constitute the dark matter of the galaxy and scatter from Ge nuclei. Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA. 93106 2 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA. 94720 3 Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; participation in the dark matter part of the experiment.


Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the master transcription factor responsible for the cellular response to hypoxia. However, there are equally non-hypoxic HIF-1 activators including hormones and growth factors. Angiotensin II (Ang II), the effector hormone in the renin-angiotensin system, is a potent non-hypoxic HIF-1 activator in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This activation by Ang II involves transcriptional, translational and protein stabilization mechanisms. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in increased HIF-1 stabilization during Ang II treatment. This work aims at elucidating the role of ROS generators in HEF-1 induction by Ang II in VSMCs. Neither RNAi of the NADPH oxidase p22 subunit nor treatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor Vas2870 was able to diminish HIF-1 accumulation by Ang II. In contrast, inhibition of mitochondrial complex III, through both pharmacological inhibition and cellular depletion of mitochondrial Rieske Fe-S protein, and treatment of cells with a mitochondrial targeted antioxidant strikingly decreased HIF-1 accumulation. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) abolished HIF-1 stability and HIF-1 dependent transcription by Ang II. A large number of studies implicate NADPH oxidase-generated ROS in signaling pathways following VSMC stimulation with Ang II. However, our work identifies mtROS and not NADPH oxidase-derived ROS as essential intermediates in HIF-1 accumulation and stability.


This article debates the problem that how environmental pollution leads to skin diseases.First,skin anatomy permeating method of pollutant are simply illuminated,Second,three main pollution in environment are discussed,which are physical pollutants including ozone and ultraviolet radiation,chemicals including volatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metals,besides the common skin disease resulting from these pollutants.At last,this article introduce mechanism of skin disease resulting from environmental pollutants and related laboratory techniques in every country in order to provide theory principle for effective as well as perfect preventing and therapeutic measure.


The method of intermittent updating for a model system is analyzed. How updating one variable of the system affects the other variables, what the factors are which influence the rate of convergence of this procedure, and how measurement error affects the procedure are considered.


Although seismic attenuation measurements have great potential to enhance our knowledge of physical conditions and rock properties, their application is limited because robust methods for obtaining reliable attenuation estimates have not yet been established. The combined use of velocity and attenuation data reduces the uncertainty in characterizing such conditions and properties. Although Vertical seismic profile (VSP) measurement is considered to be best suited for attenuation studies and the spectral ratio method is a popular means of measuring seismic attenuation, this method is not stable because it is strongly subject to the variation of the S/N in the spectra. In the present paper, we propose attenuation estimation methods for VSP data by combining seismic interferometry and a robust attenuation estimation method developed for sonic waveform data. Seismic interferometry allows VSP data to be converted from the VSP configuration to the sonic logging measurement configuration. Then, we can apply the robust attenuation estimation method developed for sonic waveform data to the converted VSP data. We adopt two different types of seismic interferometry, one based on deconvolution interferometry and one based on cross-correlation interferometry. By applying the proposed methods to synthetic and field VSP data, we demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methods over the conventional spectral ratio method. For the case without noise, we demonstrate the applicability of deconvolution interferometry and the incompleteness of cross-correlation interferometry for attenuation estimation. The application of cross-correlation interferometry cannot provide absolute attenuation but can provide relative attenuation from the slope information of the attenuation results curve. The bias of cross-correlation interferometry is due to the incorrectness of the amplitude information, that is, the phase information estimated from cross-correlation interferometry is correct, whereas the amplitude information is not adequate for attenuation estimation. In the case of the application of cross-correlation interferometry, we have also pointed out the relationship between the magnitude of attenuation and the biased attenuation results. For the case with random noise, deconvolution interferometry does not have an advantage over the conventional spectral ratio, whereas cross-correlation interferometry is less sensitive to random noise than the application of deconvolution interferometry and the conventional spectral ratio method. This is because a cross-correlation operation improves the S/N ratio, i.e., not only the cross-correlation between random noises but also the cross-correlation between signal events and random noise is ideally zero, whereas the cross-correlation between signal events is enhanced. Sensitivity tests on borehole irregularities, such as unnecessary residual events after wavefield separation, also reveal the advantage of the proposed methods using deconvolution interferometry over the conventional spectral ratio method. The inverted attenuation results from field data obtained by deconvolution interferometry do not completely correlate with those obtained by the spectral ratio method, except for the high-attenuation zone. The difference between these inverted attenuation results might be the difference in sensitivity to borehole irregularities, such as unnecessary residual events after wavefield separation. Furthermore, the difference in quality and resolution among the inverted attenuation results obtained by cross-correlation interferometry is relatively small compared to the two other cases. This might be due to the lower sensitivity of cross-correlation interferometry to noise. Po/So wave has been frequently observed by ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) at frequencies higher than 2 Hz with long wave duration, e.g., a few hundred seconds. These waves are primarily generated by earthquakes within subducting slabs, and propagate along the mantle in the oceanic plate for long distances due to scattering effects. With propagating within the mantle, a part of Po and So wave energies goes upward through the oceanic crust and sediment from the mantle, and are observed at the seafloor. This implies that P-to-s and S-to-p converted waves should be generated at the Moho and basement below the observation sites in the case that the impedance contrast at the boundaries is large. Here, in order to extract such P-to-s (Pos) converted phases from Po coda waves, we deconvolved records in the vertical component from ones in the radial component for Po coda portion, i.e., receiver function (RF). If such converted waves are extracted, it would greatly contribute to understand in details seismic structure for oceanic crust and sediments. We used records of earthquakes during 2010-2014 with magnitudes greater than 5.5 and epicentral distances less than 30 o Natural frequencies of soil and buildings are controlled by their physical property and regarded as one of fundamental characteristics in their vibration. We usually can identify a natural frequency from a largest peak of spectrum of vibration data. However, identification of a natural period is sometimes difficult for a building with a three-dimensionally complex shape. Ko-jima (2013) focused on the natural frequency of Mt. Fuji, from an analysis based on microtremor observation data and interpreted the vibration characteristics from finite element analysis[1]. However, many mountains existing in Japan have mountain-range shape such as Tateyama Mountain range and Yatsugatake Mountain. It is considered that their natural frequencies are more complex than a mountain with single-peaked shape such as Mt.Fuji. In this research, I simulated vibration of various mountains with different shapes using finite element method (FEM). I firstly conducted FEM analysis using an elastic mountain models with simple three-dimensional shapes considering mountain range. Natural frequency for the mountain range model differs from single peak mountain model indicating large effects of three-dimensional shapes. I next conducted FEM analysis for vibration characteristics of mountain model with real shapes of Mt. Yatsugatake based on the digital elevation data. The results show that natural frequencies in long-side and short-side directions are different from each other. And vibration modes are also different between in higher and lower locations. This clearly indi-cated that sensor direction and installation site must be carefully oriented in a field observation of vibration in Mt. Deconvolution interferometry has been proved an effective method over cross correlation interferometry and coherence interferometry to monitor the health of buildings, extracting the shear velocity and quality factor from earthquake ground motion data or microtremor data (Snieder and Safak, BSSA, Vol. 96 (2), 2006; Nakata et al., BSSA, Vol.103 (3), 2013); Nakata and Snieder, BSSA, Vol. 104(1), 2014). Wang et al. (JAEE, Vol. 13(2), 2013) extended this method to monitor a multi-story damaged building in stricken city with microtremor by extracting the story-by-story shear velocity propagated inside the building during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. However, the application of this method to estimating the quality factor of the buildings has not been fully investigated. In this study, we focus on extracting the quality factor of shear waves from deconvolved waves with reference record on the ground floor. We conducted the microtremor measurement simultaneously in five floors for an hour by employing five sets of velocity seismometers with an 800 Hz record logger in several high-rise buildings being over 20 stories. The measurement is accomplished by moving four sets of equipment sequentially with one set fixed at the reference floor. The extracted quality factors of the buildings are expected to provide a reference for damping factor in the analysis of structural response.


Contention for shared resources in the memory hierarchy can have a profound effect on the performance of applications running on high-end computers based on commodity multicore microprocessors. In this paper we describe a methodology, based on differential performance analysis, to quantify the effect of this contention on parallel applications. In particular, we characterize the contention for a specific shared resource by comparing runs that use different patterns of assigning processes to cores on multicore nodes. We demonstrate our approach with a subset of the HPCC benchmarks and the NAS Parallel Benchmarks running on high-end computing platforms that use four different quad-core microprocessors—Intel Clovertown, Intel Harpertown, AMD Barcelona, and Intel Nehalem-EP. The results help further our understanding of the requirements these codes place on their execution environments and also of each computer's ability to deliver performance.


This paper mainly introduced the design process of tank and swinging arm painting line,defined the production timing,work contents,process flow,facility requirement,can provide reference to other painting line design.


Recently I was asked to see a patient for a psychiatrist colleague of mine while he was on vacation. This young man—let's call him "Harold" — was a cocaine and opiate addict who had been drug-free for the past year and a half. The note from my colleague said that Harold "recently has gotten a little paranoid, and he's been using call girls again, which makes him feel ashamed and guilty." Harold was a meticulous, guarded man in his thirties. Our first session proceeded in a courteous but empty manner. He told me some of his history, not only of drug use but about losing a sister to a drug overdose, and about the abusive upper-middle-class Jewish family in Chicago in which he'd grown up. And yet this history was told without making real contact with me, told as if to a tape recorder. His relationship with me had the qualities of falsity, suspicion, and veiled threat. He would not look me in the eye. Harold spoke of his latest compulsion, using call girls. I asked how I could help him not to indulge while his therapist was away. AU this, so far, was familiar: the standard fare of psychopathology and dynamic formulation. But dull fare, for he was not engaging in any kind of authentic relationship with me. He spoke about the call girls in the same dull way. My boredom told me that here was a man who had difficulty making real contact with others, who, like most addicts and alcoholics, was dealing with his isolation by withdrawal, suspicion, and falsity, that is, by breaking the relational context, condemning himself to an even worse and more destructive isolation. We were getting nowhere. In twenty years as a psychiatrist I've learned how important it is to speak to a client's strength, and I asked him what he enjoyed doing. With a shy and flickering glance at me, he said he liked to read. I asked what he liked to read. His eyes twinkled, and he smiled, and he told me that for the first time in his life he was reading novels, one after the other, great novels that he'd never allowed himself to "waste time on" before. He was just finishing Dickens's David Copperfield—much to his chagrin, for, in his words, "I don't want it to end! I've been crying my eyes out Literature and Medicine 10 (1991) 42-65 © 1991 by The Johns Hopkins University Press


Image quality assessment plays an important role in various image-processing applications. In this work, we evaluate image quality criteria based on mean square error, signal to noise error, and quality and structural similarity indices on ultrasound imaging of the carotid artery. These criteria as well as statistical and texture features were computed on 80 images recorded from two different ultrasound scanners before and after despeckle filtering, and after despeckle filtering and normalization. Results showed that image quality was improved after despeckle filtering and normalization for both scanners. This finding is also in agreement with the optical perception evaluation carried out by two vascular experts.


Results on the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) investigation of the effect of applied tensile stresses and different temperatures during measurements on the surface magnetic anisotropy of Co68.25Fe4.5Si12.25B15 amorphous glass-covered microwires are reported. Axial stresses determine a decrease of the resonance field and an increase of the absorption intensity that correspond to the resonance peak, indicating a reinforcement of the circumferential magnetoelastic anisotropy from the microwire's surface region. An increase of the temperature during measurements up to 160 °C leads to a significant increase of the resonance field that corresponds to a decrease of the circumferential magnetoelastic anisotropy.


Resource allocation schemes for traditional MIMO system have been widely studied. However, when the MIMO technique is applied to relaying systems, where several separated terminals form a virtual receive array (VAA) and relay the signal from the transmitter to the receiver, these issues, which have a close relationship with the system performance, should be solved before a MIMO relaying system is deployed on a large scale. The channel capacity for a 2-hop MIMO relaying system is derived from the perspective of information theory. An optimal resource allocation under an aggregate power constraint between relaying nodes is proposed in closed form for the case with two relaying nodes. Numerical results indicate that a MIMO relaying system can achieve a higher channel capacity than traditional MIMO does and that the positions of the relaying nodes affect the system performance directly.


The principal benefit of mixed concrete is to minimize the disadvantages of certain complementary cement ingredients by combining them with other better materials so that overall costs are managed and efficiencies of concrete production are increased. The structural and economic characteristics of concrete can also be improved. In this work, the compressive strength (CS) of self‐compacting concrete (SCC) was assessed and their interrelations were addressed using binary and ternary cementitious combinations of rice husk, fly ash (FA), and calcium carbide. Accordingly, various admixtures were prepared with diverse amounts of wastes by substituting ordinary Portland cement (5%). Thus, due to the raising of rice husk and FA, the CS of SCC was considerably improved. To raise the accuracy of the analysis, three soft computing models of particle swarm optimization (PSO), adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and artificial neural network (ANN) were used. Six input parameters comprising FA replacement ratio, rice husk, total cementitious material, water cement ratio, high ratio water reducing agent and age of samples (AS), and one output parameter as the CS of SCC have been investigated. Subsequently, following the root mean square error and R2 results, three methods were shown as reliable tools for assessing the influence of cementitious material on CS of self‐compact concrete; however, ANFIS remarkably was better than ANN and PSO. As a result, rice husk showed less contribution to the strength of concrete at short times, but much at longer time than FA and calcium carbide. The enhanced influence of low amount of calcium carbide on CS was not significant. Also, it was found that the specimen incorporating of cement with 15% calcium carbide showed better workability than that of normal SCC specimen without calcium. Therefore, rice husk ash showed higher potential to be applied as partial replacements in SCC production.


The extended S1/S0 conical intersection seam for the photochemical 2s + 2s, 2s + 2a and 2a + 2a cycloadditions of two ethylene molecules has been documented using the methodology described by Sicilia et al. (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 4, 257 (2008)). Two additional critical points on this prototype crossing seam were found as a result, although both lie more than 100 kcal mol−1 above the rhomboidal crossing located previously, and are not minima in the intersection space. Using VB theory, the branching space conditions for the conical intersection can be derived analytically, in fair agreement with calculated CASSCF results. Woodward–Hoffmann symmetry forbidden and allowed reactions are associated with the same extended conical intersection seam in this case.


In this work, we have presented an analytico-numerical study to investigate steady twodimensional flow of a special type of non-Newtonian fluid near a stagnation point. It is assumed that the apparent viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid is a polynomial function of the second invariant of the rate of strain tensor. The boundary layer equations governing the flow have first been subjected to a perturbation expansion, leading to a system of ordinary differential equations, together with appropriate boundary conditions. The set of various order equations has been solved numerically. The effects of first, second and third order terms in the perturbation expansion have been brought out by illustrating both longitudinal and transverse velocities in the boundary layer. We have also tabulated values of wall skin friction for various orders. The relative influence of various order terms as well as the non-Newtonian parameter have been analyzed.


Trace impurity transport in tokamaks is studied using an electrostatic, collisionless fluid model for Ion-Temperature-Gradient (ITG) and Trapped-Electron (TE) mode driven turbulence in the presence of radio frequency (rf) fields in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies, and the results are compared with neoclassical predictions. Two separate effects of the rf field on ITG/TE-mode stability and impurity transport are considered, namely an incoherent interaction between a fast magnetosonic source wave and ITG modes; and the ponderomotive force associated with the rf field of the fast magnetosonic wave. It is shown that the trace impurity transport can be affected by the rf fields. However, the impurity diffusivity and convective velocity (pinch) are usually similarly affected and hence the steady state impurity density peaking factor -∇nz/nz is only moderately affected by the rf fields.


New entrants to the British peerage between 1700 and 1850 included both traditional landed magnates and men from humbler backgrounds. The rate of recruitment accelerated rapidly after 1782. This article identifies and analyses the social and economic backgrounds of new peers and the reasons for which titles were bestowed. While the inclusion of large numbers of Irish and Scottish grandees sustained the longitudinal sinews of the peerage, war and empire produced an increasing number of titles awarded on merit. Men of modest backgrounds had always been admitted to the elite, but 'Old Corruption' and the marriage market allowed most of their descendants to blend in with the old peerage after a few generations. The wave of new recruits, especially after 1782, included numerous relatively poor or landless men, and governments increasingly intervened with grants of multi-generational annuities in order to protect the status of the peerage while continuing to use titles to reward new men. Ministers boldly and astutely acted both to preserve the pre-eminence of the old order and encourage the prowess of state servants as Britain bestrode the globe. A new peerage emerged to help save the old.