To investigate the feature of adherent cells from human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) and their supporting effects on ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), the morphology of the HUCB-derived adherent cells was observed and their characteristics was identified by Flow cytometry. The HUCB-derived adherent cells were used as adherent cell feeder layer to support ex vivo expansion of HSPCs. Co-culture system was established based on the feeder layer to expand the mononuclear cells (MNC) and CD34~+ cells, and the effects of feeder layer upon ex vivo expansion were observed. GEMM-CFC formations from starting cells and expanded cells were assayed. Results showed that the HUCB-derived adherent cells had typical,fibroblastic shape. CD14 was negative (3.8%), but CD13, CD166 and CD29 were positive (51.8%, 35.6%, 16.5, respectively). MNC in the culture system with adherent cell feeder layer had an expansion of 2.09-fold higher than that in the culture system without adherent cell feeder layer. CD34~+ cell in the culture system with adherent cell feeder layer had an expansion of 2.94-fold higher than that in the culture system without adherent cell feeder layer. Expanded cells in the culture system with adherent cell feeder layer had higher potentials of GEMM-CFC formation than those in the culture system without adherent cell feeder layer. HUCB-derived adherent cells showed the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cells from bone marrow. Under appropriate conditions, the adherent cells from HUCB could form the feeder layer to support long-term hematopoiesis and provide the supporting stromal cells for the ex vivo expansion of HSPCs.


It is introduced that a algorithm of the iterative process for nonexpansive mappings on a closed convex subset of a Hilbert space H,where x0∈C is arbitrary and xn+1=αnf(xn)+βnxn+γnTxn for n≥1.It is shown that in certain appropriate conditions,when n→∞,then {xn} converge strongly to a fixed point of T,which is the solution to a variational inequality.The results have improved some recent results.


We report the first administration in Australia by ambulance officers of the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories' Chironex fleckeri antivenom, in two separate, major, potentially life‐threatening Chironex envenomations. In both cases, the antivenom was effective in helping to relieve signs and symptoms (including pain). This antivenom still is the most specific part of the treatment of a major Chironex fleckeri sting after stabilization of the airway, breathing and circulation. The additional use of verapamil may contribute to the prevention of some of the cardiac complications that result from the direct effects of the Chironex venom.


The most prevalent feature of eukaryotic genomes is their repetitive DNA sequences, which plays a critical role in genome evolution. Hence, identification and analysis of repetitive DNA regions are vital to understand genome structure and function completely. The investigation of repeats in preliminary draft sample of buffalo genome with 60,999 contigs was carried out through comparison of sequences with those in curated repeat libraries using WU-Blast. It was found that around 80% of the genome can be currently recognized as repetitive elements including simple repeats, satellite, long terminal repeats (LTR) retrotransposons, long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINE), which together cover the total repetitive fraction. Repeat analysis revealed the presence of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) repeats along with other repeats like DNA/hAT, DNA/TCMAR and a small amount of unknown repeats. A comparative analysis of repeats of the buffalo, cow, mouse and human genomes was also discussed.


The text is somewhat long for complete coverage in a one-year course at the undergraduatelevelandisdesignedsothatinstructorscanmakechoicesaboutwhichtopics aremostimportanttocoverandwhichcanbeleftformoreindepthstudy.Asanexample, many instructors wish to deemphasize the classical counting arguments that are detailed in Sections 1.7–1.9. An instructor who only wants enough information to be able to cover the binomial and/or multinomial distributions can safely discuss only the definitions and theorems on permutations, combinations, and possibly multinomial coefficients. Just make sure that the students realize what these values count, otherwise the associated distributions will make no sense. The various examplesinthesesectionsarehelpful,butnotnecessary,forunderstandingtheimportant distributions. Another example is Section 3.9 on functions of two or more random variables. The use of Jacobians for general multivariate transformations might be more mathematics than the instructors of some undergraduate courses are willing to cover. The entire section could be skipped without causing problems later in the course,butsomeofthemorestraightforwardcasesearlyinthesection(suchasconvolution) might be worth introducing. The material in Sections 9.2– 9.4 on optimal tests in one-parameter families is pretty mathematics, but it is of interest primarily to graduate students who require a very deep understanding of hypothesis testing theory. The rest of Chapter 9 covers everything that an undergraduate course really needs. URI http://lib.hpu.edu.vn/handle/123456789/28621 Collections Technology [2729] DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016 DuraSpace Contact Us | Send Feedback Theme by Probability and statistics 


The Sussex-Huawei Locomotion-Transportation (SHL) recognition challenge organized at the HASCA Workshop of UbiComp 2020 presents a large and realistic dataset with different activities and transportation. The goal of this human activity recognition challenge is to recognize eight modes of locomotion and transportation from 5-second frames of sensor data of a smartphone carried in the unknown position. In this paper, our team (We can fly) summarize our submission to the competition. We proposed a one-dimensional (1D) DenseNetX model, a deep learning method for transportation mode classification. We first convert sensor readings from the phone coordinate system to the navigation coordinate system. Then, we normalized each sensor using different maximums and minimums and construct multi-channel sensor input. Finally, 1D DenseNetX with the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model output the predictions. In the experiment, we utilized four internal datasets for training our model and achieved averaged F1 score of 0.7848 on four valid datasets.


Dentist Olumide Ojo, of Refresh Dental in Twickenham, London, describes himself as a 'general dentist with a huge passion for preventative care and restoring smiles'. Here, he talks about THE most important 'take home' message for patients


Lessons from the Financial Crisis brings together the leading minds in the worlds of finance and academia to dissect the crisis. Divided into three comprehensive sections-The Subprime Crisis; The Global Financial Crisis; and Law, Regulation, the Financial Crisis, and The Future-this book puts the events that have transpired in perspective, and offers valuable insights into what we must do to avoid future missteps.


A survey of modeling capability for predicting chemical laser performance has been carried out. Optics, kinetics and gasdynamics codes are included in the survey. Seventy-eight separate codes developed at thirteen research centers are covered in this report. Both quick-look summaries and more in-depth summary sheets have been prepared for each code. A supplementary narrative section provides introductory material concerning code features and capabilities as well as explanation of terminology used on the survey forms. This document is intended as a comparison of code features and as an introduction to capabilities of individual codes.


Population health provides an exciting opportunity for diabetes educators and our specialty practice of diabetes education. Population health offers a robust framework for diabetes educators, known for our advanced skills in Diabetes SelfManagement Education and Support (DSMES), to demonstrate our expertise and value in an expanded capacity beyond traditional roles. As health care is rapidly evolving with outcomebased payment models, providers and health systems are becoming more focused on and aware of those factors that positively and negatively drive patient outcomes. Organizations are looking at process and personnel opportunities to deliver care more effectively and efficiently. Diabetes educators are an excellent and underutilized resource for patients, the care team, and the organizations or health systems for whom we provide services. Population health could well provide the answer to increased recognition and impact for the specialty. For many diabetes educators, this begs the question of "Where do I fit into population health?" The answer is that diabetes educators fit into every aspect of the population health framework—it's what we do!


To begin with I would like to say a few words about the title of this paper. It is exactly as given to me by the Grassland Association, "Evaluation of Economic Aspects of Aerial Top-Dressing". It is not uncommon for the deliverer of a paper to be given a subject and then to select his own angle of that subject and title it accordingly. In fact, that is the more usual procedure, and of course could quite easily have been adopted by me in this instance.


Because of the difficulty in securing waitresses, and the growing shortage of employees in the serving rooms and elsewhere, it was thought that a cafeteria system might help solve the problem of serving our four hundred nurses, three times a day. It did. Early in September, 1918, a temporary cafeteria was put in operation in the Nurses' Residence at Bellevue Hospital. It proved so satisfactory from all viewpoints, that plans to make it permanent were decided


Based on the main material selection of low- nickel- chromium alloy cast iron + heavy duty coatings in Taishan Nuclear Pow er Project CRF system butterfly valves,comparatively analyzes the difference of rubber lined steel,duplex stainless steel and copper alloy in corrosion resistance to sea w ater,fabrication process and costs,present the application of low- nickel- chromium alloy cast iron + heavy duty coatings in unclear pow er valve.


Atmospheric transmittance is a significant parameter in the research of atmospheric radiation transmission. To research the impact of atmospheric profile on the simulation of infrared atmospheric transmittance, multichannel infrared radiometer SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) carried by TIMED satellite (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics) is used to acquire atmospheric profile. The infrared limb atmospheric transmittance of the South China Sea area (105°E-118°E,4°N-21°N) and MODTRAN standard atmospheric model are simulated. The differences between the two models are analyzed that in infrared spectral band, the variation of atmospheric profile has a great impact on the simulation of atmospheric transmittance. The atmospheric transmittance of the arbitrary region can be obtained by this method, which is more accurate than the standard atmospheric model.


The motion performances of multi-axis machinery are strongly related to the proper design of the servo axes driving the actuated joints, which must fulfil motion requests in terms of speed and torque for the motion design task. Multi-degree-of-freedom machinery highlights, at the joint level, mixed-load conditions due to high dynamic movements and external working forces. Moreover, such systems have a dynamic coupling between the axes due to their mechanical configuration. This mixed-load condition makes the servo-axes design, whose result is the selection of the couple power drive system and transmission, not a trivial procedure. This paper proposes an extensive theoretical discussion that leads to a general procedure for the direct design of the servo axes of multi-degree-of-freedom machinery subject to a mixed-load condition and dynamic coupling between the mechanical joints. The proposed procedure starts with identifying the loads required on the actuated joints without distinguishing between the different contributions. Then, in a few steps, the methodology leads to the direct choice of the PDS/transmission units through a single graphical representation where the load's peak, thermal and speed conditions are highlighted, along with the possible PDSs and transmissions. The graphical representation proposed also allows the easy and efficient analysis of the effect of transmission selection on the torque and speed margins. Finally, the paper presents the effectiveness of the proposed procedure, applied to the design of the servo axes of a linear delta robot.


In order to the lead time and cost of products, grinding and EDM process is mostly introduced in the finishing step. High-speed machining can be also used for these purposes to produce a thin-walled structure. But there are some limitations to make
thin-walled structures due to the accuracy of machine and the conditions of high-speed machining. In this paper, a new manufacturing process is proposed the combining process of high-speed machining with the work holding method using Bi-42Sn, low melting - point metal alloys. The utilization of this manufacturing process is verified through experiments and its measurements. Aluminum7075 only used as working material. Some experimental result is compared and reviewed with the result of FEM code for analysis applied to the thin-walled structure.


The Senegal River is one of the largest in Western Africa. It rises in the highlands of Guinea, and flows to the Atlantic Ocean through a delta bounded on the seaward side by a southward-extending sand spit, the Langue de Barbarie. The Senegal River ranks seventh in terms of basin area and runoff among African rivers and second in Western Africa after the Niger River. The Senegal River mouth area lies in the Sahel zone, situated between the wet subequatorial belt and a dry tropic climatic belt. This zone features the presence of two distinct seasons within the year, a dry and a wet season (raining season). Until recently, the major processes that were taking place in the Senegal River mouth area involved the propagation of tidal variations in water surface elevation over large distances and the penetration (intrusion) of saline water into the river against the background of annual long-lasting periods of weak flow. Also, there are changes in configuration of the estuary and the growth of the spit (Langue de Barbarie) that bounds this mouth area from the ocean side. The hydrological regime of the Senegal River mouth area radically changed in 1986, after the Diama Dam was constructed in the delta area and formed an obstacle for the upstream propagation of both tidal variations in water level and seawater. The river mouth to the ocean also changed in 2003 after the construction of an artificial channel through Langue de Barbarie. This breach has grown considerably since its original construction and raised concerns about the potential threat to the city of Saint Louis. It is the purpose of this report to analyze both historical and recently collected data on the growth of the breach, assess the potential threat to the city, and develop conceptual alternatives of stabilizing the river mouth. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR. ERDC/CHL TR-09 20 iii


Ecological restoration of coastal land by planting salt-tolerant plants has been widely used to construct vegetation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes induced by tamarisk (Tamarix chinensis) shrub on coastal soil physical quality and as well as the corresponding impact on salt distribution in the soil. A field study was conducted on coastal saline land, North China, where tamarisk plantation was established 5-year-old (T-5yr) and 11-year-old (T-11yr), and compared with barren land as control (CK). Quantitative soil physical properties, soil physical quality index, soil salt distribution, and salt leaching were examined. The results indicated that planting tamarisk improved the coastal soil properties at higher degree in topsoil than in deep soil layers. Tamarisk plantation significantly increased soil organic carbon content and pH. It also enhanced the formation of soil large aggregates and porosity; however, reduction soil bulk density and salt content in topsoil were recorded. Soil physical quality index was positively correlated with root weight density of tamarisk, and soil of T-11 yr plantation exhibited the highest soil physical quality index, with promoted soil physical functions of supporting root growth and the resistance to soil degradation. In addition, tamarisk induced soil physical changes which enhanced the salt-leaching in rainy season and contributed to the homogeneous salt distribution in soil profile. Consequently, the ecological benefits of tamarisk vegetation turned coastal saline land into a fertile land by plant–soil interaction and the soil structure improvement, therefore, it prevented the natural soil accumulation by accelerating the salt leaching after tamarisk was restored. This study provides some insights into the mechanism of tamarisk on coastal soil restoration and its regulation of soil salt distribution.


By considering Eulerian numbers and ordered Stirling numbers of the second and third kinds over a multiset, we generalize identities of Eulerian numbers and Stirling numbers of the second and third kinds and provide $q$-analogs of these generalizations. Using these generalizations, we also compute Eulerian numbers and ordered Stirling numbers of the second kind over a multiset.


Knowledge about early embryogenesis and the role of the oviduct has gained renewed interest due to increasing awareness of the impact of animal health status and performance on the susceptibility and vulnerability of early developing embryos within their microenvironment. The significance of the oviduct is best illustrated when a glance is cast at structural as well as functional features of the oviduct which regulate the serially orchestrated and well-tuned steps in early embryogenesis. A lot of work has been done in vitro to bypass the oviduct consequently resulting in steadily increasing information about the requirements of early developing embryos. However, relatively little information is available to demonstrate direct tubal effects on gametes and embryos. There is substantial evidence that the bovine oviduct provides a source of high quality embryos, our understanding of this interaction is far from complete.


English words in a French magazine in 1970,2001 and 2012 : A case study of borrowing and code-switching in three issues of Paris Match


A new method has been developed for the analysis of the wave train electrical activity of muscles based on the wavelet analysis and ROC analysis that enables to study the time-frequency characteristics of electromyograms (EMG) and acceleration (ACC) signals in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The idea of the method is to find local maxima (that correspond to the wave trains) in the wavelet spectrogram and to calculate various characteristics describing these maxima: the leading frequency, the duration of the wave trains in periods, the bandwidth of the wave trains, the number of wave trains per second. The degree of difference between a group of patients and a control group of volunteers in the space of these parameters is analyzed. ROC analysis is used for this purpose. The functional dependence of AUC (the area under the ROC curve) on the values of the boundaries of parameters' ranges under consideration is investigated. The developed method involves investigation of a big number of ranges of selected characteristics; therefore a multiple comparisons problem appears during statistical hypothesis testing. It is necessary to find a compromise between the degree of detail of the studied characteristics and the magnitude of the Bonferroni correction. The paper describes the statistical hypothesis testing on the data of early Parkinson's disease patients.


Cleaning (washing) operations of existing leaded paints on bridges were studied to determine the level of lead contamination in the resulting wastewater. Twelve experimental overcoating projects were let on bridges with various types of existing paint in varying states of deterioration. The projects employed different washing pressures ranging from 2500 psi to 10,000 psi and various wash nozzles (fan and 0 deg spinner tips). Kentucky Transportation Cabinet standard filtration was used on 10 projects and 2 projects used an experimental filtration unit having a sand filter and two types of chemical filter media. Prior to painting, the existing paint was analyzed for thickness, adhesion, and lead content. Wastewater generated during maintenance painting operations (potable, unfiltered and filtered) was sampled and analyzed for lead content (total and dissolved), total suspended solids and pH. No clear correlations were obtained between lead in the wastewater, wash pressures, nozzle type, or any of the existing paint parameters tested. The sand filter and chemical filter media of the experimental filtration unit provided significant removal of lead from wastewater.


ABSTRACT This study presents an effective approach to assess the machinability of 6351 aluminum alloy matrix, reinforced with 5 wt.% silicon carbide (SiC) and (0, 5, and 10 wt.%) boron carbide (B4C) particles. The turning tests are carried out with a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tool to identify the effect of the B4C particles addition to the composite, with an objective to improve the material removal rate (MRR) and to reduce the surface roughness (Ra) and power consumption (P). The significant level of each factor, which contributes to affect the output response, is found through analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show that the inclusion of B4C particles in the hybrid composite significantly affects the machinability, with a contribution to the surface roughness by 7.87% and P by 6.36%. The increase in MRR affects the quality of the material, irrespective of the composites.


The present invention provides a modular robot controller dynamically scheduled motherboard which includes a controller, provided with a central processing unit and the memory controller in the motherboard, the central processor core hardware device controller on the mother board in addition, the motherboard in the controller device is further provided with an external hardware interface, which is provided with a plurality of independent processing units in the central processor, each processing unit being configured to bind to different software modules for retrieval . According to the present robot controller, it is possible to maximize hardware resources to spare out to provide maximum resources for unknown control and interactive tasks, in order to improve the stability and robustness of the system.


rT _HE RENAISSANCE was a period of programmatic change in Western social codes. Widespread social mobility began to call into question the received ascriptive verities of birth and worth (attributes theoretically inaccessible to personal effort) and to make possible new codes and stratifications based on merit and behavior. This new philosophy eventually called all in doubt, but its fundamental assumption, that the social world is a human construct, penetrated only gradually. The upsurge began at the court, the original arena of opportunity and change, and progressed like Spenser's Calidore and his Blatant Beast from court to city to country and the enclosed fields of pastoral. But the court always retained its transcendental centrality: the new psychological and demographic pressures were relentlessly centripetal, and the court became a vortex of social turbulence. In this dense and obscure space the courtier was the essential actor, and his scripted character-eager, stealthy, voyeuristic, vain-provides an index to the shift from traditional to modern conceptions of social ontology. Michel Foucault has argued that "there are manifold relations of power which permeate, characterise and constitute the social body, and these relations of power cannot themselves be established, consolidated nor implemented without the production, accumulation, circulation and functioning of a discourse."1 I believe that the texts of


We demonstrate apertureless near-field terahertz imaging by introducing a metallic probe above a sample surface. The amplitude of the scattered pulses is very sensitive to the tip-sample distance. A spatial resolution of /spl lambda//520 is demonstrated.


NEAR KOBLENZ, THE A 14 MOTORWAY CROSSES THE MOSELLE BY MEANS OF A VIADUCT ALMOST 1 KM IN LENGTH AT A HEIGHT OF 130 M OVER THE RIVER. THE BRIDGE DECK ACCOMMODATES SIX TRAFFIC LANES. IT IS COMPOSED BASICALLY OF A CONTINUOUS SIX-SPAN STEEL BOX GIRDER. THE BOX GIRDER SUPPORTS AN ORTHOTROPIC DECK. THE HEIGHT IS VARIABLE AND DECREASES LINEARLY TOWARDS THE ABUTMENTS. THE AUTHOR DESCRIBES THE DECK, ITS BEARINGS AND THE ERECTION OF THE DECK. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION IS GIVEN OF THE DESIGN OF THE STRUCTURE.


Two fatty acid‐binding proteins (FABPs) are abundantly expressed in proximal enterocytes, intestinal FABP (IFABP, FABP2) and liver FABP (LFABP, FABP2), both with high affinity for binding long chain fatty acids. We previously showed that LFABP and IFABP knockout mice have divergent phenotypes in response to high‐fat feeding, with LFABP−/− mice gaining more weight and body fat, and IFABP−/− mice remaining lean relative to wildtype (WT) mice. Interestingly, despite their obese phenotype, LFABP−/− mice showed signs of being metabolically healthy, with a similar glucose tolerance to WT mice regardless of their markedly greater fat mass and an increased endurance exercise performance. To explore this surprising exercise phenotype, here we focused on possible metabolic alterations in the skeletal muscle secondary to LFABP ablation. The results showed higher mitochondrial enzyme activities in LFABP−/− mouse muscle, along with an increased triglyceride level and decreased AMPK activity, indicating that the mice have abundant energy availability at rest, compared with WT mice. Upregulation of PGC1α and PPARα mRNA levels was also found, suggesting an induction of mitochondrial biogenesis and an adjustment in lipid utilization. These results suggest that although LFABP is not normally expressed in muscle, its ablation in liver and intestine appears to contribute to a higher mitochondrial content and efficiency in energy utilization in the skeletal muscle, leading to the higher endurance exercise capacity in the LFABP−/− mice.


The fiber optic data distribution network (FDDN), a networking architecture defined to meet the interprocess communications needs posed by advanced avionic systems, is discussed. These systems are comprised of loosely coupled avionics processing elements including data processors, signal processors, and displays that will communicate through a high-speed message-passing avionics interconnect. In addition to providing the functionality, performance, and fault-tolerance requirements for these next-generation platforms, the FDDN achieves multivendor interoperability, which is essential towards meeting the system-level goal of common avionics. The author describes avionics interprocess communication requirements, gives an overview of FDDN, and discusses the transfer layer, the local area network layer, the cable plant, and FDDN management.<<ETX>>


The transmission of digital information in microwave line-of-sight circuits can be easily degraded by multipath effects, particularly in long overwater paths such as the English Channel. The results of a test program designed to investigate the propagation conditions, the multipath parameters, and the performance of a new digital radio over this link are presented. It is shown that the performance of the radio is improved by adaptive equalization techniques used in its design. However, the performance was below expectations at times, and these specific problems are treated. It is concluded that a dynamic aspect, namely, the rate of change of the multipath delay, is one cause for the unexpected degradation.<<ETX>>


The United States is critically dependent upon more than 5 million miles of pipeline (lifeline) infrastructure systems to transport water, natural gas, oil, and nuclear facility coolant and waste. Pipelines provide the lifeblood to society by transporting energy, water, waste, and other critical services; yet, the pipeline infrastructure in North America is inadequately prepared to support a growing economy dependent on sustainable growth, public health, and community resilience. Approaching pipeline systems installation, operation, and retrofitting by continuing to use the same 20th century processes, practices, technologies, and materials will likely yield the same results: increasing instances of service disruptions, higher operating and repair costs, and the possibility of catastrophic, cascading failures. How a nation operates, retrofits, and expands its pipeline infrastructure will help determine the quality of life for future generations and that nation's competitiveness in the global economy. If a nation is to meet important challenges of the 21st century, a new paradigm for the building and retrofitting of critical pipeline infrastructure system is required, one that addresses the conflicting goals of diverse economic, environment, societal, and policy interests. This paper presents the workshop outcome focused on transforming the nation's capability to plan, design, install, monitor, control, retrofit, and asset manage energy and water pipeline infrastructure systems to be both resilient and sustainable.


In 'Patients, doctors and risk attitudes,' Makins argues for 'straightforwardly' (Makins p1) extending antipaternalistic views about medical decisionmaking to include deferential considerations of risk attitudes that a patient might endorse. Reflecting on Makins' important contribution to higher order attitudes in decision theory, we seek to clarify the practical applicability of his argument to specific clinical settings, namely in mental health. We argue that considering low and higher order risk preferences are not only practically difficult, but also potentially ethically fraught and especially so in the provision of mental healthcare. Deferring to risk attitudes potentially mutes a more robust curiosity of patients' preferences and desires that can promote both autonomy and beneficence but are explicitly relationally grounded. We argue that a relational understanding of autonomy is a much more robust way of thinking about the value of risk attitudes among other patient preferences, attitudes and goals. Makins rightly expounds on the challenges faced by healthcare professionals who are often required to make determinative recommendations for their patients. Providers must explain uncertain benefits in relation to uncertain risks, therefore, exploring the risk attitudes of patients, appears, prima facie, a rational, patientcentred and autonomypromoting choice. It invariably invites discussion of Perske's 1972 dignity of risk construct, which draws parallels between autonomy and risktaking as consistent elements of both dignity and independence. The concept of dignity of risk in fact explicitly guides us to accept what might be unsafe choices for the benefit of a patient enjoying the achievement of some other goals. But Makins' exposition assumes that we have confident insight into our own decisionmaking and can make crucial distinctions between our level of comfort or aversion with risk taking in the short term and long term. Not only that, but that we can express this clearly (and potentially in advanced care documentation), and that such insights are unclouded by other psychosocial elements. In Makins' clinical example regarding examplitis and caseopathy, the pivotal decision is to proceed with treatment or withhold it to avoid pain or unpleasant side effects. Other medical encounters which could follow Makins' call for deference to risk attitudes may include prescribing experimental drugs or considering significant surgeries where patients are weighing benefits and harms tradeoffs in both the short term and long term to varying degrees. We suggest this question of willingness to risk different potential harms for different potential benefits is not the most pertinent question in other settings, specifically mental health settings and wonder what this means for the theory. Consider the individual who wishes to discharge themself early from a voluntary inpatient stay at a mental health facility. Routine systems' evaluations, behavioural assessments, toxicity screenings have all been performed and at no point was the patient's legal capacity in question. During discharge planning the patient confidently asserts their preference for privacy, not wishing to include loved ones in the discharge plan for support, having always lived independently. The patient commits suicide days later. This scenario is based on elements of a reallife case and is likely to be something that those working in mental health settings find very familiar. In analysing cases like this and what could have been done differently, neither understanding the patient's lower order or higher order risk attitudes in relationship to their decision to leave are likely to help guide us in making future decisions. Deference to risk attitudes is not necessarily autonomy promoting in these settings and may not be a significant factor in the patient's decisionmaking to leave an inpatient setting despite uncertainty of outcomes. Risk attitudes can, we think, be less stable and likely to vary by decisions in ways that are distinct from other factors that influence decisionmaking such as values or goals. 'The concept of risk itself is one that requires contextualisation, assessment and judgement and can be objective or subjective' (Mukherjee p8). Risk attitudes are likely to be influenced by complex psychosocial factors which, in mental health settings may include further complications. Kolbe argues for an evaluation process where 'patient risk is an activating state, one capable of inspiring the clinician to undertake a historically and socially informed, structureoriented and solutionoriented practice' (Kolbe p221) ultimately shifting away from physician as final arbiter. She refers to this as a 'yes, and' (Kolbe p225) model which lends itself to acknowledging risk attitudes in mental healthcare in context and considering the complexity of factors that make up a person's autonomous decisionmaking. A framework of robust curiosity for the patient's strengths, tolerance and resources would be a significant and necessary requirement to contextualise the antipaternalistic approach Makins theorises (in this and other settings). The stigma of mental health illness is often compounded by familial and/or social complications. Family members as caregivers report higher levels of anxiety and depression when caring for loved ones with chronic illness which can lead to symptoms of burnout and 'demoralisation' (Franza p2). Considerations about the patient's social reintegration which encompasses reengaging with their network of relationships and other obligations such as working or parenting, alongside clinical management can help to reify dimensions of safe discharging planning. Rather than considering risk attitudes as significant in supporting autonomy, this practice of robust curiosity aims to minimise risk (independent of risk attitudes) and support autonomy promoting behaviours by implementing planning that builds on the particularities of the patient values, preferences and tolerance. Makins' exposition is valuable in that it prompts us to think about risk in a more nuanced way than we may have previously in clinical settings but Department of Bioethics and Health Humanities, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA Department of Bioethics and Health Humanities, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA


The molecular basis of the human group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 inactivation by bolinaquinone (BLQ), a hydroxyquinone marine terpenoid, has been investigated for the comprehension of its relevant antiinflammatory properties, through the combination of spectroscopic techniques, biosensors analysis, mass spectrometry (MS) and molecular docking. Indeed, sPLA2s are well known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis, septic shock, psoriasis and asthma. Our results suggest a mechanism of competitive inhibition guided by a non‐covalent molecular recognition event, disclosing the key role of the BLQ hydroxyl‐quinone moiety in the chelation of the catalytic Ca2+ ion inside the enzyme active site.


An experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of pudhina extract in reducing dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls in selected schools at Madurai, To assess the socio demographic and clinical variables among the adolescents with dysmenorrhea in the experimental and control group, and to assess the pretest extent of pain during dysmenorrhea using a standardized numerical scale and in terms of sensory and affective symptoms among adolescent girls of the experimental and control group. To find out the pretest hemoglobin status, percentage of school attendance, perceived stress level and self assessed academic performance related to dysmenorrhea among adolescents of the experimental and control group. To assess the posttest extent of pain uring dysmenorrhea using a standardized numerical scale and in terms of sensory and affective symptoms among adolescents of the experimental and control group and to find out the posttest hemoglobin status, percentage of school attendance, perceived stress level and self assessed academic performance related to dysmenorrhea among adolescents of the experimental and control group, and to compare the effectiveness of pudina extract on dysmenorrhea in reducing the extent of pain, perceived stress, self assessed academic performance among the adolescents of experimental and control group and to find out the association between the pretest and post test extent of dysmenorrhea to selected demographic and clinical variables among the adolescents in the experimental and control group.

The study findings revealed that primary dysmenorrhea and associated menstrual problems is prevalent among majority of the adolescent girls within 14-17 years of age. This problem definitely needs some form of intervention based on medical evidence. Menstrual problems can be managed by the adolescents themselves with the help of nature. Nature has abundant resources especially in the form of healing herbs. Among the easily available and safe herbs is pudhina. Each 100gm of pudhina leaves gives 48Kcal energy. It contains protein, Fat, Carbohydrate, fibre, Iron, Calcium, Folic acid, Carotene, Vitamin A, C, B3, B12, D, E other minerals. Pudhina has been considered valuable in spasmodic dysmenorrhoea or painful menstruation, especially in young girls. It is an excellent source of magnesium, its concentration of carotenoids, including beta-carotene. It works on an antispasmodic, natural antifungal and antibacterial used for menstrual cramps. Pudhina leaves are generally identified as safe herb to consume without side effects. Based on the prolonged result with zero adverse reaction of pudhina, and the results of the study, it can be stated that pudhina can be strongly recommended for dysmenorrhea. Pudina is easily available and is safe to administer. The study findings is supportive to the fact that there will be an overall improvement in an individual's health because of effect of pudhina's nutritive and medicinal values.


Our study focuses on the motivation behind parameterized exercises considering two aspects: motivation inspired by the effective use of the final product by teachers and students and motivation of the creative process itself to build parameterized exercises in an online environment. The scope of this study is the MSc dissertation of some students of the master course "Matemática para Professores" (Mathematics for Teachers)


Purpose . To estimate genetic resources collection of soft winter wheat plants (new collection accessions) of Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production and select initial material for breeding of adaptive, productive and qualitative soft winter wheat varieties. Methods . Field experiment, laboratory testing. Results . The authors pre- sented results of study of over 1000 samples of gene pool of soft winter wheat from 25 countries during 2001–2005 in Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production of Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine for a complex of economic traits. More than 400 new sources with high adaptive properties were selected that combine traits of high productivity and high quality of grain, early ripening, resistance to biotic and abiotic fac- tors (the assessment of samples for 16 valuable traits is given). The selected material comes from various agro-cli- matic zones, including zones of unsustainable agriculture. Conclusions . Recommended sources of traits that have breeding value will allow to enrich high-quality assortment of wheat and considerably accelerate breeding process du- ring development of new soft winter wheat varieties.


THERE is much evidence that the alpha cells of the pancreatic islet tissue are responsible for a biologically active secretion (Heard, Lozinski, Stewart and Stewart, 1948; Sutherland and deDuve, 1948; Sutherland, Cori, Haynes and Olsen, 1949). Its extraction, purification and autonomy have been described (Audy and Kerly, 1952; Stewart, 1948; Sutherland and deDuve, 1948; Zimmerman and Donovan, 1948); though extracted along with insulin, it is chemically, physically and biologically distinct from that molecule (Pincus, 1950; Sutherland, Cori, Haynes and Olsen, 1949). Because of two most apparent biological properties, namely the release of glycogen as glucose from liver slices and hyperglycemia from intravenous or intramuscular injection, it has been named the hyperglycemic-glycogenolytic factor, or HGF. A hypothetical third effect, an influence on ketone metabolism, (Thorogood and Zimmerman, 1945; Fodden 1953b) requires more investigation. Two chemical compounds, cobaltous chloride and synthalin A (decamet...


In this paper, a novel design of 3D printing system is presented. We proposed a large-scale 3D printing system with tensegrity structure and cablesuspended parallel robotic system(CPR). It has an advantage in the construction field, especially for building habitats in extreme environment such as Mars. Compare to a currently used 3D printer, and it has lightweight and a wide range of workspace. We implemented a 3D printer with CPR and tensegrity framework. The project is an initiation of a long-term research; accordingly, this paper limits its work scope by demonstrating the 3D printability of the system with CPR and developing a tensegrity framework. To validate 3D printability, we independently tested two scenarios. One is a table-size 3D printing validation as a fast prototype, and the other one is a small building-size 3D printing for testing large-scale 3D printability. As a validation, we used an LED bulb attached on a 3D printer head to trace its movements in workspace. We illustrate that the use of CPR is highly effective and scalable system for a large-scale 3D printing; additionally, tensegrity could be an effective alternative for its structural framework.


Fisheries and aquaculture has evolved and metamorphosed into so many stages, however, compared with the constant rise in population. hence the quest to meet the ever growing demand of fish in the world gave rise to the advent of the application of biotechnology in fish; molecular markers are identifiable DNA sequence and they have found application in different parts which includes breeding, population genetics, and environmental management. They produce more accurate information, microsatellite markers has become indispensable among other markers because of its unique characteristics such as co-dominance, high polymorphism, short stretches and it is widely distributed in the genome of organisms. Microsatellite has wide variety of application which includes parental and pedigree analysis, population genetics, conservation of stocks, assessment of wild and cultured population, marker assisted selection and breeding, however high cost of developing species specific markers has been one of the major challenges of microsatellite but multiplexing is effective in reducing its cost production. The unique attributes of microsatellite marker has made it an indispensable marker over all other dominant markers.


The Creative Little Scientists [CLS] research project is an EU-funded research project running until from September 2011March 2014. It involves 12 university partners across nine European countries, coordinated by Ellinogermaniki Agogi, Greece, and set out to examine the potential for inquiry and creativity in learning and teaching in early years science and mathematics and to build on research findings to suggest implications for policy and practice in schools and teacher education. The project has involved a number of, often concurrent, strands, or 'work packages', including both desk-studies (e.g. reviews of the literature and national policies in participating countries) and empirical work (e.g. online practitionersurveys, classroom-based fieldwork and online and face-to-face focus-groups). The findings from these work packages are being used to develop teacher-training materials. This paper focuses briefly on the policy work package and then substantially on the fieldwork


In Maharashtra Ageratum conyzoides species known with local name Gangotry species . A plant is annual 1 to 3 feet high; stem is erect branched, hairy. Leaves opposite, flowers pale blue or white malodorous 1 ; Phytochemical investigations 2 carried out by various research groups on the species Ageratum conyzoides showed presence of a number of chemical constituent's viz. flavonoides, Benzofurans and chromens. In addition to that, a number of terpenoids, steroids, phytosteroles and other miscellaneous constituents have been reported in this plant. Some important phytosteroles are Brassicasterol, dihydrobrasticasterol, Dihydtospinasterol, friedelin, sitosterol, spinasterolstigmasterol Adesogan and] The plant has great medicinal history first report antiguvenile hormonal act ivity of precedence – I and precedence – II 4.


─ A wideband dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna covering 1.85-18.3 GHz band with enhanced gain is presented in this letter. The proposed antenna consists of two Vivaldi antenna elements (VAEs), which are designed based on the conventional Vivaldi antenna. Dual-slot structure is employed to improve the gain of the conventional Vivaldi antenna. As a result, sphericallike waves across the slot aperture of the conventional Vivaldi antenna can be transformed to be plane-like waves and thus gain enhancement can be achieved. In order to extend lower frequency limit of the VAE, elliptical slots are adopted. The proposed dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna is obtained by combining two VAEs in a cross-shaped form. The prototype is simulated, fabricated, and measured. A good agreement between EM simulated and measured results evidently validates the proposed antenna. Index Terms ─ Dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna, enhanced radiation characteristics, wideband.


Electrochemical atomic layer deposition(E-ALD)is an electrochemical analogy to the conventional atomic layer epitaxy(ALE)under high vacuum environment.E-ALD can assemble different atomic monolayers,grown with the surface-limited mode,into a functional multilayered thin film at room temperature.This method can effectively reduce the thermal misfit between film and substrate and omit the subsequent annealing steps.In recent years E-ALD wins more and more popularity in the field of catalytic,thematic and photoelectric material research and application.This paper summarizes the development history,deposition theory,present research and application of E-ALD.In addition,we will introduce a newly developed E-ALD platform with corresponding controlling method.


Background: Acute ST elevation Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a life-threatening emergency, recognized on Electrocardiogram as ST Elevation requiring urgent management in the form of reperfusion therapy. There are some other causes of ST elevation as well, that are needed to be kept in mind before giving reperfusion therapy to only to true ischemic events. This study was carried out to look for the pseudo-infarction patterns leading to undue delivery of thrombolytic therapy. Methods: A retrospective study was done. All patients suspected of ST elevation MI given thrombolytic therapy were analyzed, with cardiac enzymes and echocardiography (ECHO), that whether the event was truly ischemic or they were unduly diagnosed and treated as infarction. Results: There are few causes of pseudo ST Elevation that are to be looked for before giving thrombolytic therapy in suspected ST elevation MI. Conclusion: Every ST Elevation is not an infarction so a careful approach is required to rule in and rule out infarction in emergency room.


This paper describes the design of aequorin which is the system for measurement and reduction of the user's stress for a day. This system consists of a wearable device which is composed of a pulse sensor, MCU (Micro Control Unit) board and iPodTouch and also a rocking chair with biofeedback function embedded with LED lights and a display for stress reduction experience. After the user comes back home, the user experiences the stress reduction with the log data measured for the day through the wearable device. The system adopts two approaches for stress reduction; one is an indirect presentation of the stress information as biofeedback in which the system illuminates the LED lights with 1/f noise according to the amount of stress, and the other is a direct presentation of the stress information composed of stress values and their time codes as biofeedback to the display. After introducing the design and implementation of stress reduction, this paper describes about a hearing to validate these approaches, and introduces the limitations of this system.


A new species of Leptostylochus Bock, 1925 (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida), Leptostylochus victoriensis sp. nov., is described from an intertidal region in western Victoria, Australia. The new species is distinguished from congeners primarily by the morphology of the penis and penis pocket and by the anterior extension of the proximal vagina.


Background and Purpose Low back pain is one of the most common conditions occurring in the golfing population. Many approaches have been utilized throughout the years to address this condition including the concept of regional interdependence. The purpose of this case report is to describe the evaluation process and treatment approach of a golfer with low back pain using the principles of regional interdependence. Case Description A thirty-year-old male with right-sided low back pain was evaluated using a comprehensive approach including golf specific movement screening and a swing evaluation. The patient had mobility restrictions in his thoracic spine and hips that appeared to be contributing to a hypermobility in the lower lumbar spine. Based on the evaluation, he was placed into the treatment-based classification (TBC) of stabilization but would also benefit from mobilization/manipulation techniques. Outcomes After seven visits over a four-week span, the patient's mobility and core stability both improved and he was able to play golf and workout pain free. His outcome measures also improved, including the revised Oswestry Disability index from 26% disabled to 10%, the Fear Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire (FABQ) Work from 10/42 to 3/42, and the FABQ Physical Activity from 19/24 to 6/24. Discussion Evaluating and developing a plan of care to address low back pain in an avid golfer can be challenging as a variety of demands are placed on the spine during the movement. This case report describes the evaluation process and treatment approach to specifically target the demands that are required during the golf swing. Utilizing a targeted approach that includes golf specific movement screening and a swing evaluation can help guide the therapist in their treatment and improve the patient's outcome. Level of Evidence Level 4


The principle of hierarchically intelligent control was used to study the two difficulties of cool starting at low temperature for diesel engines. And the corresponding hierarchically intelligent control system based on the principle was designed. The system is composed of intelligent control center and automation unit. Interface RS 232 was used to interchange dada between these two parts. The analog experiment shows that the system can ensure working normally for the controlled object, heating equipment, and the anticipative aim is achieved.


Summary

Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride (Lomotil) was effective in alleviating the minor withdrawal symptoms that accompanies complete methadone detoxification. None of the subjects developed a tolerance to Lomotil nor did they experience withdrawal symptoms or craving when Lomotil was discontinued. This report indicates that the elimination of this minor withdrawal syndrome facilitates complete methadone detoxification.


Introduction: Depression has been linked to abnormal glucose metabolism in diabetics by increasing insulin resistance. Cognitive behavioural therapy is commonly used psychotherapeutic approaches for reducing depression. It is usually time-limited, focuses on current problems and follows a structured style of intervention. Objective: To test the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy alone and along with aerobic exercises in reducing depression and to find its effect on blood sugar levels. To study the additional effect of aerobic exercises on cognitive behavioural therapy in depressed diabetics. Methods: Sixty diabetic patients were selected having a score of >11 on Becks Depression Inventory (Age 35-60 years). HbA1c equal to or more than 8%, diabetic for more than two years. Patients were grouped (N=30/group) to receive cognitive behavioural therapy or cognitive behavioural therapy + aerobic exercises. The level of depression was evaluated using Becks Depression Inventory, postprandial blood sugar levels and glycated haemoglobin( HbA1c) levels were measured pre and post 6 weeks. The mood of patients was assessed using mood rating scale pre and post-intervention. Cognitive behavioural therapy was given for 6 weeks and results were analyzed. Results: A significant reduction was seen in depression, postprandial blood sugar levels and HbA1c levels in both the groups. There was also an improvement in the mood of the patients from depression to joyful over 6 weeks. Conclusion: Both aerobic exercises and cognitive behavioural therapy proved to be effective in reducing depression and thereby optimizing blood sugar levels and HbA1c levels.


In order to improve the stiffness,hemp fabric was treated using epoxy silicone oil,and then was investigated by means of SEM,FT-IR,TG,DSC and XRD.The properties of tensile,stiffness and whiteness were also measured according to GB3923—83,GB/T18318—2001 and ISO105/J02—1987,respectively.The results show that the active groups of epoxy silicone oil react with the hydroxyl group of hemp cellulose.The thermal stability of treated hemp fiber is improved,and the temperature at the maximum endothermic peak increased.The degree of crystallization increases,but the degree of orientation decreases.The size of crystal grain does not change.The tensile property of treated hemp fabric degrades.Treated hemp fabric becomes more softness,and the whiteness changes little.


A vanadium-based solid-solution-type alloy V 4 TiNi 0.65 Co 0.05 Nb 0.047 Ta 0.047 with a large discharge capacity was obtained using a low-cost precursor of V 4 Ni 0.65 Nb 0.047 produced by aluminothermic reduction from V 2 O 5 , Nb 2 O 5 , and Ni, The alloy was deoxidized to a low level by adding mischmetal as a reducing agent when the precursor was alloyed with Ti, Co, and Ta. The alloy showed a hydrogen absorption behavior similar to an alloy prepared from high-purity constituent metals. Moreover, the Mm-Ni-O phase was precipitated as spherical particles along the TiNi network phase in the alloy, remarkably improving the electrode rate capability because of enhanced catalytic ability of the network phase.


The contemporary model of social development presupposes a high level of public confi-dence to state institutions, which determines the need to address categories of reputation and brand. Power as a value implies a high level of recognition, acceptance and identification ("my power", "our power"). The article presents the results of the sociological study of the personal brand of the Smolensk Region governor (in December 2016); the author's definition of the personal brand of the governor based on his image and representing a specific aspect of reputation, its most significant and stable features; the value characteristics of real and ideal (desired) personal brand of the governor; key features that determine the strength of the brand - integrity, distinctiveness and significance. The author comes to the conclusion about the predominantly positive real personal brand of the governor of the Smolensk Region despite its low degree of uniqueness and mosaic nature, which indicates ineffective steps of the government to form a personal brand of the governor. The desired personal brand of the governor, though more pronounced than the real one, also does not possess integrity or uniqueness. The significance, or identity of the governor's brand, in the perception of the population is high enough in terms of its content, but its 'directions' (positive/negative) differ. The relatively high level of identity of the personal brand of the governor to some extent compensates the weakness of its distinctiveness and integrity for they are not important for the population.


There are more than 11 million Filipinos working in countries outside of their native Philippines, many who lead separated for years from their loved ones in order to ensure for them better lives. Extending its "Where Will Happiness Strike Next campaign," Coca-Cola decided to reunite some of these OFWs, or Overseas Filipino Workers, with their…


During the tumultuous period surrounding the Chinese Communist revolution of 1949, Chinese children wrote thousands of letters to foreign "foster parents" as part of a humanitarian fundraising program called the "adoption plan" for international child sponsorship. Under the adoption plan, private citizens around the world "adopted" Chinese children by funding their lives at orphanages in China while building personal relationships through the exchange of photographs, gifts, and translated letters. This article uses the case study of the Foster Parents Plan for War Children China Branch to examine how Chinese child welfare workers mobilized the sentimental ties between children and foster parents to secure international support for the revolution. Based on 490 extant letters sent by Chinese children to their foreign foster parents, it analyzes how the adoption plan became a centerpiece of efforts to transform inherited humanitarian practices to meet the new ideological and material needs of the Chinese Communist revolution.


The present invention relates to 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic production of acid, and more particularly, dimethyl 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 4-cyclohexane carboxylate and water through the hydrolysis reaction of dicarboxylic It relates to a process for preparing an acid. In addition, the present invention is 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylic, 4-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid to a method of producing a carboxylic acid comprising the step increasing the content of trans-isomer and a mixture of water and heated over the isomerization It provides. According to the invention as well as by a high color purity and excellent in 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid in a simple manner be produced in a high yield, in effect to control the two isomers in a ratio of cis isomer and trans isomer a. 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, hydrolysis, 4-cyclohexane dicarboxylate


The shear failure of reinforced concrete (RC) beams is extremely dangerous as it can occur suddenly and it is difficult to predict. Therefore, strengthening methods to prevent this failure in a RC beam are especially important. Recent years, CFRP material is promising alternatives for rehabilitation of deteriorated concrete members. In this study, it is assumed that, shear resistance of a RC beam decreases because of corroded stirrups, thus it need to be strengthened by using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) grid and sprayed mortar. Subsequently, the part where potentially appears diagonal crack in this beam would be taken out to analyze. The work of CFRP grid inside the mortar layer is modelled as a frame put on an elastic-brittle springs foundation. Simultaneously, bond behavior between mortar layer and substrate concrete is also modelled as the same type springs. A system of CFRP frame and springs is analyzed to investigate about the failure process and the influence of the strengthening layer. Lastly, case studies are presented by FEM analysis to compare with results of some previous tests. There is an appropriate good agreement between FEM and experimental approaches. It is suggested that the damage zone starts at the bottom of the specimen and spreads to the top during loading. In addition, the effect of CFRP and sprayed mortar on the resistance capacity of the structure was also clarified.


AbstractReservoirs, as the largest water systems for controlling water and supply demands, have been particularly important due to their operational requirements. Applying practical tools to evalua...


Abstract Our work is devoted to the investigation of spectral theory for symmetric systems with certain coercive boundary conditions in an exterior domain; we verify the discreteness of non-zero eigenvalues and the principle of limiting absorption.


The primary purpose of the paper is to provide a philosophical foundation which will serve the needs of geographers who seek to use a cultural landscape as evidence about the beliefs and attitudes of the society which created that landscape. Secondary purposes include the identification of one possible methodology which could be used with this foundation. The paper has five sections. The first is devoted to examining the assumptions on which a consistent theory of the relationships between belief and landscape could rest. Justification is also provided for the assertion that it is the underlying assumptions which need especial consideration rather than the body of theory itself. The development of the latter will call for future research, though a sketch of one possible line of research is provided later in the paper. In the second part, some published studies which relate belief to landscape are examined to show that considerable empirical works has already been done in this area, though on an ad hoc basis. The third part outlines one possible method of inferring beliefs and attitudes from evidence provided by the cultural landscape. The method implies a hypothesis which, together with its necessary assumptions, is discussed briefly. Fourthly, the method is applied in three cases, using evidence provided by archaeologists with respect to British prehistoric landscapes. In the final section of the paper the findings derived from the three case studies are linked to some of the work of the French anthropologist, Claude LUvi-Strauss, in order to make the point that it is frequently useful to distinguish between explicit beliefs (what people say they believe) and functional beliefs (the beliefs that people show they hold by what they do). Conventional sociology, based on interviews, provides evidence about the former. As the cultural landscape is the product of human action, it provides evidence about the latter. The possibilities for research by geographers, with their long tradition of studying the cultural landscape, are obvious. Behavioural geography and the cultural landscape Our objective in this paper is to present what we believe could be the beginning of a line of fruitful research in the field of behavioural geography. Our basic thesis is that the cultural landscape (i.e. the natural landscape as modified by human action) provides evidence which makes it possible to identify the basic beliefs and attitudes which prevailed among the people responsible for a particular landscape. This view is not new. One version of it was put forward more than eighty years ago by Lethaby (1892), and one widely-rea geographer who heard an oral version of this paper noted that historians of art have traced it back to Plato and Aristotle (Gottmann, 1977). The contribution which we seek to make in this paper is basically that of clarifying the philosophical foundation on which consistent research of this type could rest. Secondarily, we will suggest a method which could be used to provide obj ctive analyses of beliefs and attitudes using the evidence provided by the landscape. By objective in this context we mean that the analysis is independent of the race, sex, or id ology of the analyst; it is not independent of e philosophical f undation on which it rests. Assumptions integral to the philosophical foundation The general position As stated in the abstract, the first of the five sections of this paper is concerned with the philosophical foundation without which no consistent research can be carried out. The foundation we propose is to be found in the writings of Karl Popper (especially 1963, Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 10). Put in a sentence, Popper argues that science proceeds through the formulation of hypotheses which are tested, and which, if found to be false, are rejected. The process of formulation may include a large element of intuition and guesswork, though it need not necessarily do so. Scientific rigour occurs at the stage of testing. Progress is made through the process of rejecting the false because at the level of logic this is the only process which is reliable. On this point Popper's views are supported by F. S. C. Northrop (1947) who maintained that GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER 61 B (1979) 2 51 1-793054. GA vol 61B 2/79 This content downloaded from 18.104.22.168 on Tue, 06 Sep 2016 05:59:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


The question whether the finite element (FE) or the finite difference (FD) method is better suited for the simulation of semiconductor devices, may loose its importance if one realizes that the most successful FE approaches can be described by FD formulas. A unique and simple formulation is presented that covers combined rectangular and triangular grids. The successive line overrelaxation method (SLOR) has been adapted to the irregular matrix structure that results from a FE like mesh. The method was found to be very interesting, because it is economic in both CPU time and memory requirements. The numerical approaches are applied to the static analysis of a gate controlled power rectifier in the on-state. The device behaviour is essentially two-dimensional and, for the considered anode currents, it is very sensitive to the gate bias and current.


In this paper we describe the participation of the KCL-Health-NLP team in the CLEF eHealth 2018 lab, specifically Task 1: Multilingual Information Extraction-ICD10 coding. The task involves the aut ...


This paper reports a method of modeling the dependence of the discharge behavior of a lithium-ion battery (LIB) on the environmental temperature. A comparison of the experimental discharge curves for discharge rates ranging from 0.5 to 5 C and environmental temperatures of 15, 25, 35, and 45°C with the modeling results validates the two-dimensional modeling of the potential and current density distributions on the electrodes of an LIB as a function of the discharge time during galvanostatic discharge based on the finite element method. The heat generation rates as a function of the discharge time and the position on the electrodes are calculated to predict the temperature distributions of the LIB based on the modeling results of the potential and current density distributions. The temperature distributions obtained from the modeling are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.


This study explores The Marketing strategies used by emerging building contractors in the Polokwane Municipality which falls under the Capricorn district of Limpopo province, South Africa. It was motivated by the high failure rate of emerging building contractors. The aim is to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of the marketing strategies employed by emerging building contractors. Every business needs a winning marketing strategy to strengthen both its market position and presence. The high failure rate of emerging building contractors is of great concern to government, beneficiaries and the owners themselves. Research has shown that businesses with no clear-cut marketing strategy are prone to collapse. A case in point is marketing in the construction industry. Emerging building contractors have failed to compete adequately among themselves due to a lack of marketing skills, little or no knowledge of how to develop a marketing plan or its importance, insufficient capital, and a lack of access to markets. The respondents in the study were drawn from four important bodies in the construction industry in the Polokwane municipality, namely the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB), the Limpopo Economic Development Agency (LEDA), the National Home Builders Registration Council (NHBRC) and the South African Women in Construction (SAWIC). It is required by law that all building contractors be registered with the CIDB. A quantitative method of data collection and analysis was used namely simple, random sampling to supply 75 potential respondents (33 women and 42 men). Two thirds (22 women and 28 men) of the 75 individuals were found to have active status on the CIDB register, while the registration of the remaining 25 had expired. Thereafter, descriptive ad inferential statistics were used to aggregate and correlate data. The results of this study showed that we do not reject null hypothesis H0, since (t (48) = 0.122, p=0.903) while mean and standard deviation of the marketing strategies are M = 24.16%, SD = 3.51%. The data indicates that the emerging contractors did not have marketing strategies all together. The findings of the study may assist the emerging building contractors to develop marketing strategies in order to enhance the construction fraternity and lead to growth and future profitability.


Map shows battle positions of the U. S. and Mexican troops facing each other across the Rio Grande River outside Matamoros. Scale not given.


The word Euisaeng (醫生) is shorthand the Euihaksaengdo (medical cadets), that means has been changed according to the times. Throughout the Goryeo...


The effect of multistage coupling on the dynamics of a rotor consisting of eight bladed discs on a solid shaft is considered. Free vibrations are examined using finite element representations of rotating single blades, bladed discs, and the complete rotor. In this study, the global rotating mode shapes of flexible tuned bladed discs-shaft assemblies are calculated. Rotational effects, such as centrifugal stiffening are accounted for. The calculated natural frequencies obtained from the blade, the shaft, the bladed disc, and the complete shaft with discs are carefully examined to discover resonance conditions and the coupling effects. It was found that the flexible modes of the tuned bladed discs affected by shaft motion are those with zero, one and two nodal diameters. In these modes the shaft deflection is clearly visible. Different EO excitation is applied for particular stages in forced vibration analysis.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


We propose a mechanism to generate the metric in which the Kalb-Ramond symmetry existing in the topological BF theory is broken through the condensation of the string fields which are so introduced as to couple the antisymmetric tensor fields B, invariantly under the Kalb-Ramond symmetry. In the chiral decomposition of the local Lorentz group, the non-Abelian B fields need to be generalized to the string fields. The mechanism of the condensation is discussed, in view of the confinement problem and the polymer physics.


Congress to those of small colleges. Editor Patterson has largely retained the original wording of the respondents, so that each entry conveys a sense of the institution's unique qualities; the responses have also been effectively summarized in charts. Maps show the distribution of participants in the Library of Congress South Asia programs and the institutions responding to the survey. While the editors consider the conference proceedings and survey only a preliminary attempt to assess South Asian research and resources in North America, these volumes are in fact invaluable to specialists and beginners alike. As Patterson notes in her overview (vol. I), three publications describing South Asian holdings in North American libraries did come out in the 1930s, but the PL 480 program has made them hopelessly outdated.' A more recent general reference work, Subject Collections (Lee Ash, 4th edition, 1974), lists only nine South Asia collections, not including those at Berkeley or the University of Chicago. These volumes represent active collaboration between bibliographers, faculty, and publishers that is all too rare. As the Prologue to volume I pointedly states: "Committees, conventions and conferences do not exist for their own sakes but as vehicles of communication among groups focused on specific concerns and issues" (p. 15). The concerns and issues addressed here were, and are, vital to the maintenance of South Asian studies in North America. The Boston Conference was one effort to build cooperation and commitment among faculty and librarians, and we are all indebted to those who have succeeded in publishing the proceedings and survey. The need for such efforts is'even more pressing today.


The purpose of this paper is to outline the ideas used by Dijkgraaf and Witten to classify topological actions defined on arbitrary 3-manifolds and compact Lie groups [3]. We intend to provide the details which were overlooked by the authors, while simply stating the results which were given adequate explanation in the original paper. Once we have constructed the general definition for an action on an arbitrary 3-manifold, we then restrict ourselves to the case of finite gauge group. It is here where we carry out explicit calculations. 1 Topological Actions Chern-Simons theory is a gauge theory∗. Hence, it should have a mathematical description in terms of fibre bundles and connections. Thus, let M be a three-dimensional oriented manifold, G a compact Lie group, E a principal Gbundle over M , and ω a connection form on E. When E is trivial, the connection ω on E can be represented by a g-valued one-form on M , which we denote by A (in particular, A = s∗(ω) where s : M → E is a global section). In this case, it makes sense to integrate A over M . So, we have the following definition. Definition 1.1. For E trivial, we define the Chern-Simons action functional as


This report reviews the progress in implementing bus priority measures in London. It updates the October 1990 review by the London Boroughs Association (LBA) of bus priority measures and their implementation in London. On 20 November 1991, the LBA's Environment Committee agreed its recommendations. The LBA considers that there is tremendous scope for more bus priorities in London, and continues to participate actively in London Transport's (LT's) Bus Priority Steering Group. Topics covered by the report include: (1) progress by London Boroughs; (2) the Green Routes Study; (3) LT's strategy for bus priorities; and (4) the financing of bus priority measures. Its recommendations include: (1) support for the findings of the Green Routes study; (2) examination of the scope for special bus services and associated measures to relieve serious rail overcrowding; (3) endorsement of LT's Bus Priority Strategy; and (4) Government clarification of bus priority financing. (See also IRRD 837335).


1. A method for relay transmission, comprising: performing (S202) a relay node, RN, RN transmission between a base station and a relay link, the relay line comprises a line relay uplink, UL, from the RN to the base station and relay line downlink, DL, from the base station to the RN; wherein duplex frame with time division multiplexing, TDD, comprises ten subframes, labeled 0 through 9, with the first subframe to the tenth subframe, subframe 3 TDD frame is configured to relay UL line subframes 7, 8 and 9 of the frame TDD configured to relay-link DL, subframes 0, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 TDD frame are downlink subframes, subframes 2, 3 and 4 TDD frame are sub-frames uplink connection, and subframe 1 is a special TDD frame subkadrom.2. A method according to claim 1, wherein each subframe is configured for a relay link DL, comprises M symbols Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM, wherein the first N OFDM symbols of each subframe is configured for a relay link DL, configured for transmission over the access line, wherein M and N - positive integers and N is less M.3. Relay transmission method according to claim 2, wherein N is 1, 2, 3 or 4.4. Relay transmission method according to claim 1, wherein the subframes are configured for a relay link DL, configured as subframes multicast services on multimedia broadcast single frequency network, MBSFN.5. A communication apparatus comprising: a configuration module (151) configured to configure subframe duplex frame time Sec


Commencement exercises for more tban 700 SUI seuiors and graduate students will be held in the fieldhouse beginning at 1;45 p.m. today. President Virgil M. Hancher will deliver the traditional charge to tlle graduating students. Prof. Hobert S. Michaelson of tlle school of religion will serve as chaplain with William D. Coder, director of veterans service, * * * as master of ccremonies. Seats wllL be available for all who wish to aHend the mid-year commencement ceremony, Prof. r.G. Higbee, director of convocations, said Friday. Second Semester Registration Begins Monday in Fieldhouse The university band, under the direction of Prof. Charles B. Righter, will play a short prologue to the ceremony while Registra~ion for about 8,000 SUI 8Ue~ts arc gathering. The band students Will be Monday and. Tuesalso will play several selections day, 8 a.m . . to 5 p.m., In . the ouring the program. north gymnasIUm of the SUI fleldhouse. After the exercises, graduates will report to campus stores to tum in caps and gowns and ~e reive instructions lor getting their diplomas. Commencement exercises wl~l be broadca~t over sta tion WS ur by Prof. Harrison J . Thornton of the hisiory department. (Sec graduate list on page !n


From the viewpoint of materialist scientific attitude,this essay summarises the developing history of mah jong and analyses the advantages and disadvantages of it to the society. It puts forward that we should keep its advantages and get rid of its disadvantages so that it can develop healthily.


In this thesis, we first establish the existence of semi-traveling wave solutions to a diffusive generalized Holling-Tanner predator-prey model in which the functional response may depend on both the predator and prey populations.
Next, by constructing the Lyapunov function, we apply the obtained result to show the existence of traveling wave solutions to the diffusive Holling-Tanner predator-prey models with various functional responses, including the Lotka-Volterra type functional response, the Holling type II functional response, and the Beddington-DeAngelis functional response.
Finally, we establish the existence of semi-traveling wave solutions of a diffusive Holling-Tanner predator-prey model with the Ratio-Dependent functional response by using the upper and lower solutions method. Then, by analyzing the limit superior and limit inferior of the semi-traveling wave solutions at infinity, we show the existence of traveling wave solutions.


In this paper, we propose an intrusion detection program based on improved Ant-Miner (AM). The proposal needs to collecting out the node data, using intrusion detection module to test, compared with other wireless sensor network intrusion detection scheme, this scheme saves energy consumption of the sensor node effectively. Through the network simulation, this scheme proposed has a lower false positive rate and a higher true positive rate comparing with the current typical wireless sensor network testing program.


The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) built a successful water conservation program and reduced potable water use through a series of initiatives at EPA laboratories. The projects highlighted in this case study demonstrate EPA's ability to reduce water use in laboratory and medical equipment by implementing vacuum pump and steam sterilizer replacements and retrofits. Due to the success of the initial vacuum pump and steam sterilizer projects described here, EPA is implementing similar projects at several laboratories throughout the nation.


Visualization of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is constantly evolving with the improvement of technology. Magnetic resonance imaging is commonly used to evaluate the TMJ due to the high contrast resolution and the ability to obtain dynamic images to demonstrate the functional capability of the joint. Aim - to determine the functional changes after TMJ splint therapy conducted at various stages of intra-articular disorders. Data and methods. We conducted a survey, clinical examination and MRI of TMJ of 37 patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Two groups of patients were formed according to the received MR picture of TMJ. Results. The study highlighted that regression of pain in TMJ and masticatory muscles, and normalization of functional parameters after splint rehabilitation occur more often in the first group of patients, who have disorders of the articular disc of the TMJ. Conclusion. In both groups of patients we noted positive dynamics of functional parameters of TMJ, reduction of pain in TMJ and masticatory muscles. Though 36,8% of the second group of patients, who have bone remodeling of TMJ condyles, didn't show dynamics of functional parameters. Consequently, the use of splint in one third of patients with temporomandibular joint condyles destruction is effective for TMJ and muscular pain reduction.


Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of preventable harm among adolescents. Adolescents also experience an increased risk of farm injury, and in Australia, injury-related farm fatalities among adolescents have remained largely unchanged over the past two decades. A third of all incidents involve farm visitors, indicating the need for population-level safety information. This project uses qualitative data to inform a co-design process with adolescents, and their teachers, to develop a game-based farm injury prevention online educational resource. This protocol describes the multi-phase co-design project. Focus group discussions regarding farm injury prevention will be held with students (Year 7 & 8; ∼12–14 years of age) and teachers at high schools with an agricultural focus across two Australian states. Inductive thematic analysis of discussion transcripts, and analysis of farm injury data, will inform the development of the modules and content of the game. User experience testing of the prototype will form the final phase of the project. This process is supported by a Stakeholder Advisory Group, which includes representatives of youth farming organisations, agricultural educators, and national child safety organisations. This group will assist in interpretation and dissemination of findings and promoting the resultant educational resource in schools. Ethical approval has been granted by the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, mass media releases, academic conferences, and the agricultural education sector in Australia via the stakeholder advisory group. This study will provide useful insights into co-designing injury prevention resources for adolescents using gamification and result in a co-designed farm injury prevention educational resource for schools and the general community via mobile and web-based applications.


Whether lawsuit evidence rules to be obeyed shall be regarded as a significant criterion about quality evaluation of judicial accounting appraisal,and judicial accounting appraisal must accept the constraints of the lawsuit evidence rules.There are some concrete questions which are easy to be conflicted with the rule requirements of lawsuit evidence in the course of judicial accounting appraisal,such as free to expand the scope of facts to be proved,language transcripts as the proof of judicial accounting appraisal,exemption from self-identification of samples demonstrated responsibility and the expert witness not to testify in court.We should strengthen the legislative perfect of the rules of lawsuit evidence against appraisal constrains of judicial accounting to establish the exclusionary appraisal opinion rule from improper appraisement,the lawful and valid rules on identification of samples,the appraisal opinion argumentation rule,and the rules of not to be the court referee proof without the expert opinion of the court cross-examination.


Comparison of cournot competition and bertrand competition has been widely undertaken in the academic literature.In recent years,production quality has played a more significant role in increasing market competition.It is especially important to understand how quality is influenced by different types of competition.This paper presents a comparing analysis of equilibrium quality in cournot competition and Bertrand competition through the two-stage game models.It is found that different conditions lead to different results in duopoly situation,while numerical computation releases that quality in cournot competition is higher than that in bertrand competition in oligopoly market.


Abstract This paper outlines current achievements of the Hayabusa mission and future small body missions with an emphasis on scientific prospects by both remote sensing in the vicinity of target objects and retuned sample analyses of them. First, the Hayabusa spacecraft aimed as technology demonstration for the worldfs first deep space round trip and sample return from an asteroid and it was launched via the M-V rocket in May of 2003. Soon after the touchdown on Asteroid Itokawa, a sub-km, S-type NEO in November 2005, the spacecraft lost its attitude control due to the leak of RCS propellant; the communication link was lost for 46 days. While the ion engine thrusters reached their lifetime by November of 2009 owing to either of an ion source or neutralizers at each engine, a challenging combination of the neutralizer-A with the ion source-B was devised to resume the spacecraftfs propulsion. This enabled the spacecraft to have returned to the Australian desert on the Earth in June 2010. The sample return capsule (SRC) was successfully recovered and returned to Japan for initial inspection of the Itokawa samples. After the announcement of initial sample analysis results, international announcement of sample distributions has started in the spring of 2012. Following up the original Hayabusa mission, JAXA has approved the Hayabusa-2 project in 2011, an asteroid sample return mission to 1999 JU3, a sub-km, C-type NEO aiming for 2014-5 launch, 2018-9 remote sensing including artificial impactor excavation and 2020 Earth return of both surface and sub-surface samples of the asteroid. C-type asteroid is thought to be abundant in organic matters and hydrated compound, so it has important clues to solve the origin and evolution of the life. NASAfs OSIRIS-Rex and ESAfs Marco Polo-R missions are also carbonaceous asteroid sample return missions in 2010fs-2020fs. Cometary nucleus or/and D-type asteroid sample returns like Hayabusa-Mk-II concept are natural progression of this type of the endeavor. JAXAfs solar power sail mission aims for eventual rendezvous with Jovian Trojan asteroids, reservoir of D/P-type asteroids as either leftovers of Jupiter system formation or the second generation intruders from the Kuiper belt regions.


Study to obtain basic data on Korean nurse aids in support of public health manpower planning. A field survey of 20 nurse aid training centers was conducted, and other data was collected from the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs and from provincial governments. Over 53 thousand persons passed the national examination for nurse's license since 1967. 35.7% are currently employed. 94.9% of the surveyed nurses were women, 81.6% were graduates of middle schools, and 90.5% were single. The total number of trainees in the 40 private nurse aid training centers in Korea is over 7 thousand per year. The greatest amount of time in the training centers is spent on basic nursing, with public health nursing and public health, medical law and regulation, and liberal arts in descending order. Clinical practice in hospitals was a weak area, and the present system of managing the training programs is seen as weak as well. 3 proposals for manpower planning regarding nurse aids were offered: the administrative role should be played by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs; tuition should be increased; and ongoing training of nurse aids should be a priority for the government. (Author's modified)


The oil/water(O/W) type raw lacquer emulsion(RLE) was prepared using urushiol-based emulsifier(UE)/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) mixture as the emulsifier.The effect of UE structure on RLF stability,diameter of RLE particles and rheology of RLE were investigated.The results shows that RLE prepared using emulsifier of UE8D/PVA and UE10B/PVA shows higher stability for storage,and it can be stored at ambient temperature for more than 3 months without creaming.The RLE particle is of sphere with a diameter less than 400 nm.RLE was belonged to pseudoplastic fluids and shear-thinning character was observed.The viscosity of RLE increased with increasing of the chain length of oxyethyl groups in UE molecules.Networklike structure between RLE particles goes stronger with increasing of chain length of oxyethyl groups in UE molecules.


Recently paper machine has been operated at high speed, ex. 1, 000 m/min and more. Paper machine guide device regulates running position of dryer fabrics.Palm of guide device detects a position of dryer fabrics in contact with running dryer fabrics. Dryer fabrics touch palms strictly, and scrub it, and cause abrasion of dryer fabrics. Palm is sometimes cut off because of this abrasion. Palm break will cause unstable running of the dryer fabrics and make the damage.Paper machine constructors took the remedy for this kind of trouble, they coated ceramic on the palm surface in order to prevent the abrasion of it.However there were many edge troubles reported on the dryer fabrics, which were caused by the hardness of ceramic itself and the frictional heat resulting from hard contact with the dryer fabrics.We carefully studied this reason and completed the remedy as follows.We improved the resin which harden and protect the edge of dryer fabrics from abrasion.Weaving of an excellent thread with abrasion resistance prevented dryer fabrics.We developed new coating material for the palm surface, which prevent from abrasion.This is reporting the process of our study and the results of our experiment.


In this study, gold layer has been modified by introducing chitosan-graphene oxide-cadmium sulfide quantum dots on the gold layer for the detection of cobalt ion, Co2+. The composite material was deposited on the gold layer by using spin coater machine. The thin film was used as an active layer for the detection of Co2+ using surface plasmon spectroscopy and the optical changes of the thin film after contacting with different concentration of Co2+ ions had been obtained and graph fitted. The resonance angle shifted to a higher value as the concentration of Co2+ ions was increased. Changes of the resonance angle showed that Co2+ ion does react with the modified thin film with a binding affinity of 3.03 M-1.


Recall that M is easy if it is consistent with every combinator. We say that M is m-easy if there is no proof with < m + 1 steps that M is inconsistent with any combinator. Obviously, if M is easy, it is m-easy for each m. Here we shall show that for infinitely many m there are m but not m + 1 easy terms.


This report is designed to provide guidance on the design of impact evaluations of school-based management (SBM) initiatives in developing countries. SBM is a reform movement that consists in allowing schools more autonomy in decisions about their management; that is, in the use of their human, material, and financial resources. Many governments and international agencies are increasingly interested in finding ways to boost learning outcomes and get maximum benefit from their education investments, especially in developing countries. Indeed, education quality continues to be very low in middle- and low-income countries despite the success in expanding schooling access and enrollment in the last decades. Education systems in developing countries are usually highly centralized and have very strong teacher unions. Hence, reliable and well-conducted evaluations of SBM programs that can lend empirical support to the various claims on the advantages of SBM are needed; and more so, given the increasing number of countries that are adopting these reforms. Ideally, the evaluation of the SBM reform should not only focus on final educational outcomes (student learning) but should also examine whether the reform has transformed the relationships amongst school principals, teachers, parents, and government officials and the school operations and decision-making processes.


PI3Kδ inhibitors have been approved for B-cell malignancies like CLL, small lymphocytic lymphoma, and so forth. However, currently available PI3Kδ inhibitors are nonoptimal, showing weakness against at least one of the several important properties: potency, isoform selectivity, and/or pharmacokinetic profile. To come up with a PI3Kδ inhibitor that overcomes all these deficiencies, a pharmacophoric expansion strategy was employed. Herein, we describe a systematic transformation of a "three-blade propeller" shaped lead, 2,3-disubstituted quinolizinone 11, through a 1,2-disubstituted quinolizinone 20 to a novel "four-blade propeller" shaped 1,2,3-trisubstituted quinolizinone 34. Compound 34 has excellent potency, isoform selectivity, metabolic stability across species, and exhibited a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Compound 34 also demonstrated a differentiated efficacy profile in human germinal center B and activated B cell-DLBCL cell lines and xenograft models. Compound 34 qualifies for further evaluation as a candidate for monotherapy or in combination with other targeted agents in DLBCLs and other forms of iNHL.


Paragangliomas (PGLs) are benign tumors of neuroectodermal origin. In the ear, they are commonly found in the middle ear or jugular bulb. PGL of external auditory canal (EAC) is extremely rare. To date, only a few cases of PGL of EAC have been reported. Here, we present a case of a 52-year-old female, who presented with complaints of decreased hearing and painful left ear discharge. On evaluation, she was found to have a soft-tissue mass arising from the posterosuperior wall of the left EAC, which was excised under general anesthesia and histopathologically confirmed to be EAC PGL. At 1 year of follow-up, the patient has a patent EAC and is disease-free. Although rare, PGL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft-tissue mass in EAC.


Ed Carstensen has made many contributions to biomedical ultrasound but among those that are becoming more and more relevant to current clinical practice are those that determine the conditions under which cavitation is induced in vivo. For many years, it was assumed that the medical ultrasound devices were unable to induce cavitation in living tissue because either the acoustic conditions were not sufficient or the nucleation sites that are required were too small. With the advent of lithotripters and high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices, cavitation generation in vivo is commonplace. Our current research at the University of Washington has focused on the role that cavitation plays in stone comminution and tissue damage during lithotripsy, as well as the enhancement or reduction of desirable coagulative necrosis during HIFU application. During HIFU application, we find enhanced heating that results from nonlinear acoustic wave propagation (a key Carstensen contribution) leads to vapor bubble fo...