Theoretical explications of the category of economic development imply the application of research methods that touch not only the economic but also the numerous political, demographic, ethical and environmental dimensions of development. Primarily because of this fact, theoretical explications of economic development can be very imprecise in form and sometimes of a very extensive nature, despite the fact that a descriptive method in the study of particular economic phenomena can significantly replace analytical precision. In any case, logical consistency in qualifying the phenomena characteristic of the theoretical explication of economic development plays an extremely important role and importance. If the content of the theory of economic development is understood in this way, it can also be interpreted as its effort to determine the conditions conducive to achieving a high rate of economic growth over a long period. This is why economic development theorists use a far broader and more diverse analytical ways in their research compared to researchers interested solely in economic growth issues.In addition to standard factors of production (land, labor and capital), neoclassical theory of economic growth also recognized production factors of intangible character in the form of residuals, that is, innovations understood in the broadest sense of the word. This fact can be marked as a key change in economic science related to economic development research. However, a major drawback of the neoclassical theory of economic development is the neglect of explaining the drivers of innovation as a key factor in economic growth. Relying, at the same time, on the dominant linear model of innovation, neoclassical theory states that knowledge commercialized into innovation is by far the most significant driver of economic growth. However, neoclassical models assume that innovations occur spontaneously and that they represent a logical response to market stimuli, that is, they possess traits of the public good, which was basically the greatest weakness of this theoretical direction.Endogenous growth models in conceptual terms have succeeded in overcoming the stagnant neoclassical economic theory theorem that economic growth, in the absence of knowledge valorized in innovation, is a time-limited process. The key drivers of knowledge in new theories of economic growth and development are endogenous and crucial in the process of creating new value. They account for the manifestation of external effects, that is, they explain the possibility of declining returns on production factors at the aggregate level due to the unlimited possibilities of commercialization of knowledge into innovation.


Abstract Panji story is one of creativity form from ancient Java periode that's still enjoyed till now in many representation forms. The spread of it not only in South-East Asia archipelago but also to South- East Asia mainland. The similarity of some autochton elements made the story could be accepted in anyplace


Type of funding sources: None.

 Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is a structural abnormality of the mitral annular fibrosus characterized by a separation between the atrial wall-mitral valve junction, and the left ventricular attachment (1,2). It has been associated with mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Limited data is available regarding the impact of the presence of MVP on the evolution of mitral regurgitation in these syndromic entities.

 To evaluate the prevalence of MAD, PMV, and the combination of both in patients with syndromic hereditary thoracic aortic disease (HTAD) including Marfan (MFS), Loeys-Dietz (LDS), and vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (vEDS), and its relationship with mitral regurgitation (MR) severity and the need for mitral surgery at the follow-up.

 Adult patients with syndromic HTAD seen at our specialized unit were retrospectively included. The presence of MAD, MVP, and significant MR at the first echocardiogram were evaluated. Electronic medical records were reviewed to register the need for mitral surgery. The last echocardiogram available was also assessed to evaluate MR progression.

 A total of 295 patients were included (235 MFS, 42 LDS, and 18 vEDS). The mean age at baseline was 39.0+-14.4 and 52.9% were female. MAD was present in 87 (37.0%) of MFS, 6 (14.3 %) of LDS and was not present in vEDS (p< 0.001). MVP was found in 105 (44.7%) of MFS, 6 (14.3%) of LDS and 0 in vEDS (p< 0.001).
 In MFS, MAD was significantly associated with MVP (p= <0.001) (Table 1). Concretely, 73 (31.1%) of the MFS patients had the concurrence of MAD and MVP and 14 (6.0%) of patients had isolated MAD (Table 2). At baseline, significant MR was observed in 30 (12.8%) of the MFS and in 18 (24.7%) of patients with concurrent MAD and MVP. Interestingly, significant MR was absent in patients with isolated MAD (Figure 1). MVP (OR 16.85 CI 4.43 – 64.07) but not MAD (p = 0.607), was associated with significant MR in the multivariate analysis.
 A second echocardiogram was available in 220 patients at > = 1 year (mean 4.1 +- 1.4 years). Overall, 25 (11.4%) presented significant progression of MR, 0 in the isolated MAD group, 13 (19.4%) in the MAD/MVP group and 6 (20.0%) of the isolated MVP (p = 0.007).
 After a mean clinical follow-up of 7.5 +- 3.2yrs, 10 patients required mitral surgery (6 prostheses, 4 valvuloplasties).
 After adjustment for the presence of MVP and time of follow-up, MAD was not associated with progression of MR (p= 0.529) but MVP was (OR 5.2 IC 1.70 - 15.93). Similarly, MVP (OR 5.6 CI 1.23 - 25.86)  but not MAD  (P= 0.096) was associated with the  need for mitral surgery .,
 Conclusions
 The prevalence of MAD in syndromic HTAD is high, especially in Marfan syndrome, and absent in vEDS. In this retrospective observational study, the presence of MVP but not MAD was associated with mitral regurgitation evolution and the need for mitral surgery. Abstract Table 1  Abstract Figure 1


Objective To investigate the relationship between Ureaplasma Urealyticum(Uu),Chlamydia Trachomatis(CT) and to know about their variation by sex and age as well as their antibiotic susceptibility.Methods Mycoplasma culture and gold-sign divisor were used to detect Uu and CT in samples of urogenital tract.The study included 849 patients.Results 337 out of 849 patients were infected with Uu.The rate of infection was 39.69%.Female infection rate 52.88%(239/452) was found significantly higher than male infection rate 24.69%(98/397)(P0.01);118 out of 849 patients were infected with CT.And the rate of infection was 13.90%;Co-infection of CT and Uu was noticed in 40 patients.The rate of infection was 4.71%;young people with the age from 21 to 40 were the group with the highest infection rate(67.07%).64.99%(219/337) were insensitive to drug in various extent.Josanmycin,Clarithromycin wereSensitive to Mycoplasma.Conclusion Uu and CT are correlated with urogenital tract infection.Resistance monitoring of Mycoplasma periodically plays an important role in clinical drug treatment.It is possible to reduce the incidence of urogenital tract by screening and treating for cervical Uu and CT infection.


altered sociocultural contexts, the reasons for these choices were forgotten, the choices themselves grossly misinterpreted and misused. Most of the book is an examination of the magic of earth and of heaven which was rejected or "condemned," and that which was accepted or "rescued," by early medieval Christian writers and prelates; it is also an examination of their motives. In both aspects Professor Flint succeeds in providing the reader with a fluently and carefully narrated wealth of observation drawn from the most varied of primary sources. She discusses astrology, demonology, love magic, medical magic and other varieties within this framework; she delves into the controversies behind the choices, and acknowledges those among the Christian leadership who disagreed with the way the process was going. Even though the final section, "The Magus," does not fit as well into her dialectical scheme, it is an interesting excursus providing an abundance of intriguing materials, for example, on the fate of Ham as a medieval magus. The book is replete not only with sophisticated analyses, but also with hoards of source materials. In this regard chapter three, "The Sources for the Early Middle Ages" will be quite useful, though each chapter evinces a thorough knowledge of both primary and secondary works. Valerie Flint's study is essential reading for anyone interested in early medieval Christian as well as non-Christian belief and ritual, and the diaphanous "boundaries" in between.


Using the life cycle as a framework, this revised edition inquires into the healing and empowering process of mutual aid groups. It sets a theoretical model for practice, and shows how social workers as group leaders can foster the process of mutual aid, in which group members help one another. The text includes many revised and updated chapters on: fundamentals of the mutual aid process; descriptions and suggestions for overcoming obstacles in mutual aid groups; Group service and its institutional benefits; and specific clinical examples of groups for children, adults, and the elderly. The new chapters on HIV-positive and AIDS patients, the homeless, and perpetrators and victims of sexual abuse and family violence, expand our current understanding of contemporary issues.


Physiologically important pressures in the heart and aorta are currently assessed with invasive pressure catheters. The subharmonic signal from ultrasound contrast agents, however, may be exploited to estimate pressures non-invasively. The objective of this work was (i) to develop a static phantom from commercially-available components for easy replication across different laboratories, and (ii) to investigate the subharmonic response of the ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue (Bracco, Milan, Italy) at physiological pressures within the phantom.


AIM:To investigate the preventive effects of Extract of Ginkgo Biloba (EGB761) on the cell aging of cardiomyocytes induced by D-galactose and its latent mechanism. METHODS:Cell aging of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was created by 5 g/L D -galactose.EGB761 was added to cultured cardiomyocytes at different concentration(5,10 and 20μg/mL,respectively) for 48 hours.Cell aging was determined by a senescentβ-galactosidase staining.Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were quantitative analyzed by ELISA. The morphology and beat of cardiac myocytes were observed under an invert microscope.RESULTS: D-galactose resulted in a significantly increasedβ-galactosidase positive cardiomyocytes compared with the controls(75.6%±4.9%vs 17.15%±2.9%,P0.01),concomited with elevated AGEs[(703+32)vs(93±26) pg/mL, P0.01],abnormal cellular morphology and beat rate.EGB761 treated groups showed significant decrease in bothβ-galactosidase positive cells(57.7%±7.9%,49.7%±9.2%,34.0%±6.6%,P0.01) and AGEs levels[(404±33), (357±25),(249±77) pg/mL,respectively,all P value were less than 0.01],accompanied by relative normal morphology and beat rate.CONCLUSION: EGB761 has anti-aging actions on cardiomyocytes through inhibit non-enzymatic reactions.


The critical behavior of a 3D Ising-like system is studied at the microscopic level of consideration. The free energy of ordering is calculated analytically as an explicit function of temperature, an external field and the initial parameters of the model. Within a unified approach, both Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies are obtained and the dependencies of them on the external field and the order parameter, respectively, are presented graphically. The regions of stability, metastability, and unstability are established on the order parameter-temperature plane. The way of implementation of the well-known Maxwell construction is proposed at microscopic level.


Uveitis is the fourth leading cause of blindness in the working age population in developed countries and endogenous posterior uveoretinitis makes up 22% of the uveitis cases. The aetiology of non-infectious uveoretinitis is unknown in most cases and has been considered to have an autoimmune basis. Current treatments for autoimmune uveoretinitis are largely dependent on long-term immunosuppression with corticosteroids which can only serve to slow down the rapid progression of the disease. Similar to other autoimmune diseases, there is currently no definitive cure for autoimmune uveoretinitis and it is therefore imperative to develop more disease specific treatments with fewer side effects. Previously, combination curative strategies of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and gene therapy have successfully prevented and remitted the relapse of autoimmune disease in mouse model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) which bears striking similarities to the experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis model. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the protective effect of genetically modified bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on the development and progression of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is a widely used animal model to study human endogenous posterior uveoretinitis. The disease severity in this animal model is routinely determined by a histopathological grading method which can only be determined at a single time point. It is critical to overcome this limiting issue in order to evaluate the effectiveness of genetically modified BMT in preventing the development of EAU. Therefore, in Chapter 2, we explored the potential and reliability of using fundus images taken with a novel multi-modal imaging technique to clinically grade EAU disease severity over multiple time points. The comparison of disease severity determined by the newly derived clinical grading method and the traditional histopathology grading method showed close correlation. Furthermore, taking advantage of the multi-modal imaging system, the leukocyte profile of the normal retina and during EAU disease course was examined in transgenic mouse lines, namely the C57Bl6/J Cx3cr1GFP/+, C57Bl/6 CD11c-eYFP and C57Bl/6J LysM-eGFP mice, in which myeloid cells express the reporter fluorescent protein. Clinical examination of the fundus from naive C57Bl/6 CD11c-eYFP transgenic mice revealed multiple retinal lesions and accumulation of CD11c-eYFP+ cells. The unusual fundus appearance of naive C57Bl/6 CD11c-eYFP mice led us into suspicion of a baseline pathological status and this is investigated in Chapter 3. This study brought to the attention of eye researchers that the C57Bl/6 CD11c-eYFP mice are on a C57Bl/6N background and carry the retinal degeneration 8 (rd8) mutation in the Crumbs 1 (Crb1) gene (Chen et al. 2013). The mice with rd8 mutation displayed retinal dystrophies, in clinical and histological examination. We confirmed by genotyping that C57Bl/6 CD11c-eYFP mice were positive for the rd8 mutation and the effect of the presence of rd8 on disease severity of EAU is examined in Chapter 4. As a result of the rd8 mutation, multiple retinal lesions and an abnormal number of CD11c-eYFP+ cells were present in fundus of C57Bl/6 CD11c-eYFP mice and these were thought to contribute to development of a more severe form of EAU. However, clinical and histopathological score illustrated no difference in disease severity of EAU between C57Bl/6 CD11c-eYFP mice (with rd8 mutation) and C57Bl6/J Cx3cr1GFP/+ mice (without rd8 mutation). BMT, also known as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is a therapy to reconstitute the immune system with engraftment of new hematopoietic stem cells following myeloablation with total body irradiation (TBI). In Chapter 5, the effectiveness of genetically modified BMT to prevent the development of EAU in the chimeras was determined. To explore a potential combination therapy of gene therapy and BMT, haematopoietic stem cells from BM were genetically modified with lentivirus to express the retinal auto-antigen interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP), and red fluorescent protein (RFP). Following either lethal (1100 rads) or sub-lethal (275 rads) TBI, C57Bl/6J mice were transplanted with 0.2x106 genetically modified BM cells, expressing IRBP and RFP. The cohort of C57Bl/6J mice which received lethal TBI showed failure in engraftment and did not survive more than 2 week post-BMT with genetically modified BM cells. The failure of engraftment is suggested to be due to RFP toxicity as the issue did not occur in the control mice that received lethal TBI with non-genetically modified BM and in the mice that received sub-lethal TBI with genetically modified BM. EAU was induced at 8 week post-BMT in the chimeras that received sub-lethal TBI with genetically modified BM and the results illustrated a delayed disease onset of EAU but disease was protected only in 20% of the cohort at day 35 post-immunization. In summary, the combination therapy of gene therapy and BMT is not effective in preventing the development of EAU.


The author presents and implements a methodology for assessing the success of structural adjustment based on a"fixed effect"method. He examines data for 75 countries over 11 years. Performance indicators include measures of inflation, economic growth, external balance, and physical investment. He measures government policies in terms of spending, trade regime, financial deepening, and real exchange rate policy. The empirical estimates he obtains suggest that ranking countries by adjusted economic performance yields significantly different results than ranking them by historical performance. Further, countries following a prescription of relatively low government spending, deep financial markets, and outward orientation in trade policy performed significantly better than those that did not. This prescription was correlated significantly with more rapid economic growth, current accounts with lower deficits, expanded investment, and reduced inflation.


INTRODUCTION:
Opioids have been used in the treatment of pain for thousands of years. The opioids contains 20 alkaloids. Opium means juice, from Greek word. Morphine is the prototype drug and named after Greek God of dreams, Morpheous. Morphine was used in American civil war in 1869. In 1950. Opioid anesthesia came with advent of cardiac surgery. However, because of incomplete suppression of stress response, hypotension, awareness during anesthesia and increased fluid and blood requirement and need to ventilate post operatively, limited its use.
Opioid refers to drugs derived from opium both natural and synthetic.
Narcotic refers to morphine and morphine-like analgesics.
Morphine can be used as spinal analgesic, Epidural analgesic as shown by Behar et al. Despite the high efficacy, it was not widely used because of early reported high incidence of respiratory depression and somnolence. It was due to high doses, rather than route of administration.
Gwirtz and associates recently reported high patient satisfaction and low incidence of side effects and complication of morphine over 6000 patients.
Therefore, this study has been undertaken to analyze the effect of intrathecal morphine as more cost effective analgesic when compared to Multimodal analgesia.
AIM OF STUDY:
To evaluate the effect of preservative free morphine 0.5 mg administered intrathecally, on intraoperative anaesthetic requirement and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparotomies under general anesthesia compared with multimodal analgesia, during the Ist 24 hours of postoperative period.
The following parameters were studied
1. Intra operative hemodynamics
2. Post operative pain score and analgesic requirement
3. Post operative hemodynamics
4. Complications: both intraoperative and postoperative period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was conducted at Government General Hospital, Madras Medical College General between July 2008 to September 2008 at General surgical operation theatre.
1. The study was done after getting Institutional Ethical committee approval.
2. Written informed consent were obtained from all patients included in the study.
All patients were explained preoperatively about the procedure and visual analog scale (Pain score) 10 cm scale so that it can be effectively used by the patient during the postoperative period.
50 patients of ASA physical status I, II and III undergoing both upper and lower abdominal surgeries like partial Gastrectomy, open cholecystectomy, incisional hernia, hemicolectomy and laparotomy under general anesthesia.
The patients are categorized into one of two groups.
Group M - Morphine - Study Group
Group C - Control Group
All patients were assessed preoperatively using standard protocols and underwent preoperative evaluation.
All patients received Premedication T.alprazolam using T.Ranitidine 150 mg P.O. the night before surgery and on the day of surgery 2 hours before operation P.O. with sips of water.
Preservative free Morphine sulphate comes in two strengths 15 mg / ml and 10 ml / ml ampoule manufactured by verve health care Ltd. We used 10 mg/ml of morphine sulphate (Vermor - 10). This was taken in sterile 10 ml syringe mixed with sterile Normal saline by the incharge Anaesthesiologist uninvolved in the administration of Subarachnoid block or in further conduct of the study. This solution was isobaric to cerebrospinal fluid.
SUMMARY:
The study was conducted at Government General Hospital, Chennai on fifty patients to compare the effect of IT morphine ( 0.5 mg) for providing postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing major laprotomies. The summary of the findings include:
1. Intrathecal Morphine produced better post-operative analgesia as shown by lower VAS scores.
2. Intrathecal Morphine group demonstrated lesser amounts of analgesic and rescue analgesic requirements during the post-operative period.
3. Intrathecal Morphine group of patients has better sedation as shown by better scores on the Ramsay scale.
4. Intrathecal Morphine produced better hemodynamic stability in the postoperative period and also was associated with lower heart rates.
5. Intrathecal Morphine produced more side effects in the form of nausea, vomiting, hypotension, bradycardia and hypotension. Although not statistically significant these findings seem to be clinically relevant. A larger sample of study may have revealed statistical significance.
6. All the side effects produced by IT Morphine were easily manageable and did not contribute to any increase in mortality or morbidity.
7. IT Morphine did not seem to produce any significant changes in the Hemodynamics or management of the patient during the intra-operative period. This may be related to the lag time for the rostral spread of the drug.
8. IT Morphine is a good substitute or adjunct to various modalities used to offer analgesia during the post-operative period in patients undergoing major laprotomies.
9. IT Morphine does not require any complex procedures and or equipment for administration.
10. IT Morphine is a cost effective adjunct and alternative to the various modalities available to provide pain relief during the post-operative period.
CONCLUSION:
Preservative free morphine 0.5 mg administered intrathecally in patients undergoing laparotomies under general anesthesia Provides effective analgesia during the first 24 hours of the postoperative period.
It decreases the requirement of rescue analgesics during the postoperative period.
It is associated with stable Hemodynamics and better levels of sedation.
It is associated with increased adverse effects but these are easily manageable by simple measures.


ABSTRACT Surface washing agents (SWAs) can be used following an oil spill event to enhance the removal of stranded oil from shorelines and other surfaces. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a testing protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of SWAs in the laboratory. Using this protocol, the effects of substrate type, substrate hydration, and SWA-to-oil ratio (SOR) on the ability of SWAs to remove crude oil were evaluated. Experiments were conducted using Prudhoe Bay Crude (PBC) oil applied to three substrates under wet and dry conditions. Oil recovery efficiencies were similar for substrates made up of sand and the smaller of two gravels, while a decrease in efficiency was observed for the larger, more heterogeneous gravel. For the controls without SWA, after we compared dry and wet substrates, we decided dry substrates would be preferable for purposes of the protocol because variability was much lower and differences between treated and control samples were greater. To determine ...


The ruthenium (III) catalysed oxidation of glycine, sarcosine and betaine by vanadium (V) in perchloric acid medium has been studied spectrophotometrically. The oxidation of amino acids becomes amiable in the study only in the presence of catalyst and lower concentration H+ ions (0.01- 0.1 mol dm-3). A suitable mechanism consistent with the experimental results has been proposed. The ratio of oxidation for the amino acid was in the order betaine > sarcosine> glycine.


1 M.E Student, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Gnanamani college of Technology, T N, India 2 Assistant Professor, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Gnanamani college of Technology, T N, India --------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------AbstractGouging or cutting is the process of when the intense heat of the arc between the carbon electrode and the work piece melts part of the work piece. Simultaneously, air passes through the arc quickly enough to blow the molten material away. Indian shipping industry is heavily using this technique for various aspects. The main aim of gouging technique is the removal of welds. The study aims at the process capability of gouging process and its comparison with conventional cutting method to prove, which process has more draw backs and which is more advantageous in comparison to each other. SAE 316 stainless steel is used as the base metal for comparative study. The work aims to study about the weldablity of air carbon arc gouging over welded 316 stainless steel. The study also includes the mechanical properties, elemental composition, and microstructure analysis of gouged and welded metal and also makes a comparative evaluation of gouging process with conventional cutting. Shipping industry is heavily using various classes of stainless steel for variety of applications. Also the present work is applicable not only for the shipping industry but also for automobiles, boiler, power plants etc.


Water-soluble CdTe quantum dots(QDs) were prepared by using 3-mercaptopropionic acid as the stabilizer,and their preparation parameters were optimized.Self-assembling of QDs with chitosan and folic acid(FA) and poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) modified chitosan via electrostatic interaction was also investigated.The results demonstrate that fluorescence intensity of chitosan/QDs complex was much higher than that of QDs themselves.The complex shows a clear core/shell structure,and QDs were located in the core.The modified chitosan/QDs complexes were smaller and more uniform than those of unmodified chitosan.


To improve the generalization ability of a single SVM regression model,a heterogeneous ensemble approach of SVMs is proposed by employing GA to search low bias region.Ten representative data sets were regressed,comparing with the single SVM regression and Bagging regression,the heterogeneous ensemble approach has achieved stronger generalization ability.Applying this approach to regress four concerned water quality parameters of Wei River,more accurate results were obtained.The experiment show that,with rational time consuming,the GA-based heterogeneous ensemble of SVMs improves the generalization ability of the single SVM effectively when only a small data set is available.


Trade facilitation is widely touted in the literature as a means to increase trade, capital inflows, and economic growth as a result of lower transaction costs; however, its implementation and efficacy pose challenges, especially for developing nations. Despite controversies and differing perspectives on these challenges, some of which were published prior to February 22, 2017, when the Trade Facilitation Agreement went into effect, there is no meta-analysis that evaluates the validity of these challenges. This qualitative meta-analysis is a systematic review of qualitative research examining the difficulties and obstacles developing countries face in instituting trade facilitation reforms. This document lays the groundwork for resolving general trade facilitation implementation challenges in Southern Africa, and in particular Zimbabwe. Significant obstacles to the successful implementation of trade facilitation initiatives include limited financial resources, infrastructural inadequacy, and inadequate institutional architecture. Requisite human capital inadequacy is one of the primary impediments to the successful implementation of the trade facilitation reform process. The elimination of these obstacles would unquestionably boost innovation in trade and commerce, as well as the region's trade legitimacy. Trade liberalization, improvement of legal inter-regional trade, and active participation by merchants in global value chains could be advantageous to governments in developing countries through trade facilitation.


The authors describe two cases of symptom short little finger, identified by them in various forms of hemolytic anemia. In both cases it is talking about inherited forms of anemia. In this connection there is a hypothesis about the genetic mechanisms of symptom. Also pull out discuss the possibility of phenotypic (bilirubin toxic) origin of this phenomenon.


The US DOD is committed to improving the effectiveness of the collective set of ISR assets in generating mission relevant information. Their vision is of a selfsynchronizing, horizontally integrated 'swarm' of sensors, processing elements and communication assets that autonomously organize to meet the dynamically evolving ISR needs of future missions/campaigns. This paper describes an analysis workstation that is being constructed to support the evaluation of alternative designs for such a system. Within the workstation a complex adaptive system models the dynamic formation of collection teams while evolutionary algorithms, operating at the agent level, attempt to optimize the global performance of the ISR family of systems by modifying the various agent's responsiveness to attributes of the 'support requests'. Joint MEASURE, a DEVS based Monte Carlo mission effectiveness simulator developed by Lockheed Martin, provides the infrastructure for this workstation enabling the unpredictability of scenario evolution to be an integral element of the optimized solution. An overview of the architecture is provided along with sample results and lessons learned.


The sampling system of the sweeping frequency signal is the important part of the piezo-electro micro gyroscope suspended system. The principle and the structure of the multifunction data acquisition module DAQ,NI PXIe—6124,and its role in forming the sweep frequency signal system of the piezoelectricity micro gyroscope are introduced here. Since the module features high sampling speed( 4 MS/s per channel) and high accuracy( 16 bits of resolution) ,the NI-based system is designed to precisely sample the induction oscillation signals of the gyroscope in different frequency and then send to the computer so as to gain the resonance mode. In the actual test,the high accuracy oscillation signals,which generated from DDS circuit are successfully sent to the DAQ,and a series of oscillation data is completely processed.


Sewage effluent can be stored in an artificial snowpack as evidenced by research performed in 1974 by the Upper Yampa Water Conservancy District of Colorado. The three month long experiment at the Mt. Werner Ski area included monitoring of pollutants in the effluent, in the snowpack and snowmelt runoff. Significant reduction in pollution levels occurred in the snowpack represented by 91% BOD 5 reduction. After two months, fecal coliform concentrations met current limits of a body contact stream. Storage of effluent as snow has applicability for use at ski resorts, particularly for mountain top restaurants and terminals.


A numerical study was conducted to explore the computational accuracy and efficiency of steady laminar flamelet model used in two-phase supersonic combustion flow field. The combustion flow field of a double-cavity scramjet was simulated, in which liquid phase was described by the disperse particle method (DPM) with secondary break-up process. The results obtained show that the steady laminar flamelet model can decouple the equations of chemical reacting source terms and flow, and this model also can consider a detailed reaction with less computational resources. Moreover, the comparison of the numerical results with flame structure image and wall pressure distributions of the experiment show good agreement. And the detail of flow field calculated is accurate. This model greatly reduces the computational amount, and can facilitate engineering applications.


Capturing the strategy followed during a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) inspection planning session has been an extremely challenging issue due to the time-consuming nature of traditional methods, such as interviewing experts and technical documents data mining. This paper presents a methodology demonstrating how a motion capture-based system can facilitate direct and nonintrusive CMM operator logging for capturing planning strategies and representing in knowledge formats. With the use of recorded motion data, embedded knowledge and expertise can be captured automatically and formalized in various formats such as motion trajectory graphs, inspection plans, integrated definition (IDEF) model diagrams, and other representations. Additionally, a part program can be generated for driving a CMM to execute component measurement. The system's outputs can be used to help understand how a CMM inspection strategy is planned, as well as training aids for inexperienced operators and the rapid generation of part programs.


Objective. To compare survival between patients with cervical adenocarcinoma (AC) and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC). Design. Retrospective study. Setting. National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Population. All patients with cervical AC or ASC who received definitive treatment from January 1995 to December 2009. Methods. Medical and histopathological record review. Main outcome measures. Overall and recurrence‐free survival. Results. A total of 170 women received a histological diagnosis of AC and 42 of ASC. The median follow‐up was 56.7 months. There were no significant differences in age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, gravidity or treatment modality between women with AC and ASC. Patients with ASC had a higher percentage of poorly differentiated tumors than those with AC (33.3 vs. 15.3%, respectively; p= 0.014). Five year overall and recurrence‐free survival was 66.8 and 58.9%, respectively, for women with AC and 69.5 and 61.9%, respectively, for those with ASC (p= 0.795 and p= 0.892, respectively). Survival outcomes in patients with early or advanced stage disease did not differ between the histological groups. No differences in failure patterns were found between the two groups. The FIGO stage and treatment modality were factors which affected overall and recurrence‐free survival. Conclusions. We did not find evidence to suggest that ASC subtypes indicate worse outcome. Cervical ASC could be categorized as one subtype of AC. The FIGO stage and treatment modalities have greater influence on outcomes than histological subtype.


Business culture is the driving force for enterprises to exist and develop.However,the current unfair competitions have badly influenced its development.As a kind of labor fruit,business culture naturally is connected with intellectual property rights.Therefore,it is proper to protect business culture through the legal system of intellectual property rights.Further more,the Anti-unfair Competition Law has the features of both public and private law,which is corresponding to its nature of protecting business culture.It is feasible and proper to take the law as the chief approach to protect business culture.


Vigabatrin (VGB) has been used in treating refractory or drug-resistant infantile spasms (IS), and its efficacy has been compared with steroids in


The third author is thankful
to the financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (NRF) and DST-NRF Centre of Excellence
in Mathematical and Statistical Sciences (CoE-MaSS).


Efforts to understand and improve the fracture toughness of Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B permanent magnets require an understanding of the fracture process itself. Cleavage plane orientations in Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B were identified by X-ray diffraction and found to be rather random. Cleavage fracture surfaces often exhibited smooth curvatures with no evidence for cleavage steps. The small grain sizes of less than 100 nm in Magnequench MQ material preclude an easy assessment of the fracture mode by scanning electron microscopy. Auger electron spectroscopy showed that much of the surface is covered with a 1 nm thick layer of a neodymium-rich phase presumably the 70Nd-30Fe eutectic phase suggesting that the hard Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B grains do not cleave but instead failure is at or in the grain boundary phase.


.• ABSTRACT The system pentaether-uranyl nitrate-nitric acid-water has been studied in the liquid-liquid region. Aqueous solutions containing 0.0~ to g.~ nitric acid and o:o~ to 2.3M uranyl nitrate were equilibrated with pentaether, and the effects of nitric acid concentration, uranyl nitrate concentration and temperature are discussed. Phase diagrams for the system are presented and approximate ~H values are given. Conclusions have been made concerning the mechanism of extraction of uranyl ' nitrate by pentaether and the feasibility of the use of this solvent for uranium recovery.


Abstract This article considers a case of local language socialization and accommodation in a multilingual community of practice: the use of English as an additional academic language for specific purposes at a bilingual Swiss university and its implications for teaching. The acronym ELF(A) is used throughout as short for English as a Lingua Franca (in Academic settings). The bilingual university's multilingual habitat also shapes the kind of ELF(A) used and this has in turn informed the teaching of English for Plurilingual Academic Purposes (EPAP). The discussion draws on both ethnographic research carried out in multilingual disciplinary speech events and on the author's simultaneous and continuing experience of developing and teaching English for academic purposes (EAP). It focuses on an oral presentation to a life science journal club made by a multilingual doctoral student socialized into the use of English almost exclusively in the ELF(A) habitat. Using the plurilingual repertoire to sustain "code-sharing" lingua franca mode, one of the habitat's most striking effects is the effort users are willing to expend in striving for autonomous functionality in their Englishes without overt switching, while simultaneously relying on their audience's multilingual flexibility and shared disciplinary knowledge, e.g. in the pronunciation of technical terminology. The habitat of a multilingual community of practice that assumes responsibility for its novices' language socialization in an additional medium is thus a supportive factor empowering junior scientists to function in English. To the extent that the habitat factor contains a limiting dimension of context dependence, however, teaching EPAP should also target speakers' (potential) needs for spoken academic language use elsewhere.


Covalent linkages between nucleic acids and amino acid side chains are important in many biological contexts. For example, phosphodiester bonds between the 5'-end of DNA or RNA and the side chain of tyrosine are formed during topoisomerase activity and in genomes of picornaviruses, such as poliovirus, and an RNA 5'-terminus is linked to a serine side chain of the tumor-suppressor protein p53. In these and other cases, the ability to form nucleopeptide linkages will enable biochemical experiments that require conjugation of nucleic acids and proteins. Although chemical methods for nucleopeptide synthesis have been devised, the routes are often lengthy, and synthesis of larger nucleoproteins is quite challenging. A more biologically inspired approach to formation of nucleopeptide linkages seeks enzymes that can directly and specifically create the intended bonds, without requiring orthogonal protecting groups and multistep fragment-assembly pathways. Towards this goal, we considered whether deoxyribozymes (DNA enzymes) might be applied to form nucleopeptide linkages. We also envisioned that identifying deoxyribozymes which form nucleopeptide linkages would expand the scope of reactions known to be catalyzed by DNA. The first artificial deoxyribozyme (DNA enzyme) was identified by in vitro selection in 1994. Although many deoxyribozymes have subsequently been discovered, most are restricted to catalyzing reactions of oligonucleotide functional groups. RNA cleavage is the most common DNA-catalyzed activity; our laboratory has focused on RNA ligation. Deoxyribozymes that phosphorylate or cap DNA oligonucleotides using ATP have been identified, as have DNA enzymes that ligate, cleave, or deglycosylate DNA, cleave a phosphoramidate bond within DNA, photochemically cleave a DNA thymine dimer, or metalate a porphyrin. A fundamental yet unanswered question is the extent to which DNA can catalyze reactions of functional groups that are not normally part of oligonucleotides. For example, no known deoxyribozyme catalyzes the reaction of an amino acid side chain in any context. With the long-term objective of deoxyribozyme-catalyzed nucleopeptide synthesis, here we addressed the immediate goal of understanding the ability of DNA to catalyze covalent modification of amino acid side chains. We performed in vitro selection experiments that assess DNA-catalyzed formation of nucleopeptide linkages involving the side chains of tyrosine, serine, and lysine (Tyr, Ser, and Lys). We previously reported 7S11 and related deoxyribozymes that create 2',5'-branched RNA in a three-helix-junction (3HJ) architecture by catalyzing the reaction of a branch-site RNA 2'-OH group with an RNA 5'-triphosphate. Here we sought to reveal the intrinsic catalytic ability of DNAwith amino acid side chains while avoiding the need for a discrete peptide binding site, either by design or by selection. Therefore, we separately placed each potentially reactive amino acid Tyr, Ser, and Lys at the intersection of the 3HJ formed from candidate deoxyribozyme sequences and two nucleic acid strands (Figure 1). One of these strands is a


Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a leading cause of death in patients with underlying cardiomyopathy. The current mainstay of treatment for this arrhythmia is the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). However, ICD therapy cannot prevent future arrhythmic events, is painful, can lead to psychological distress, and is associated with a higher mortality rate than is experienced by patients without ICD therapy. Catheter ablation is now considered an option for patients with drug-refractory VT. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad overview of the ablative approaches for VT in the setting of cardiomyopathy.


This guide was created to assist students with finding resources about world history between World War I and World War II.


[Objective] This study to investigate the inhibitory effects of mycelium polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum Karst and Cordyceps sobolifera (Hill)Berk. et Br. on mouse Lewis lung cancer. [Method] For each healthy rat tested, 0.2 ml of lung cancer suspension was inoculated at the axilla. The rats were medicated with mycelium polysaccharides from G. lucidum and C. sobolifera for continuous 9 d by intragastric administration for measuring the indices of thymus and spleen and the tumor inhibition rate, thus establishing the lung cancer suspension model. [Result] At the dose of 200 mg/kg·d, both G. lucidum and C. sobolifera reached the optimal inhibition rates, of 50.2% and 46.3% respectively. [Conclusion] Mycelium polysaccharides from G. lucidum and C. sobolifera are endowed with inhibitory effects on Lewis lung cancer, and the former one is superior to the latter.


This paper asks whether the availability of breastfeeding facilities at the workplace helps to reconcile breastfeeding and work commitments. Using data from the 2005 UK Infant Feeding Survey, we model the joint probability to return to work and breastfeeding and analyse its association with the availability of breastfeeding facilities. Our findings indicate that the availability of breastfeeding facilities is associated with a higher probability of breastfeeding and a higher probability to return to work by 4 and 6 months after the birth of the child. The latter effects are only found for women with higher levels of education.


The angular distribution and total cross section for neutron inelastic scattering proceeding to the first excited state in sodium were measured by observing the neutron-gamma coincidences. The measured total cross seciions for the various neutron energies used are sigma /sub T/(3.49 Mev) - 370 plus or minus l20 mb, sigma /sub T/(3.75 Mev) 270 plus or minus 90 mb, and sigma / sub T/(4.00 Mev) = 280 plus or minus 90 mb. The differential cross sections were found to be higher in the backward than in the forward directions. (auth)


........................................................................................................................ v TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. ix LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. x CHAPTER ONE .................................................................................................................. 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Problem ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................... 3 1.3 Purpose of the Study ...................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Research Questions ........................................................................................................ 5 1.5 Importance of the Study ................................................................................................. 5 1.6 Scope of the Study ......................................................................................................... 7 1.7 Definition of Terms ....................................................................................................... 8 1.8 Chapter Summary .......................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................... 10 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................ 10 2.


Recent studies have argued that tutor feedback is failing to support students' progression. The potential for peer feedback, i.e. feedback composed by peer assessors, to support learning has been under researched. The aim of this paper was to explore a case study of a peer assessor composing and receiving peer feedback. The paper reports a case study tracking a peer assessor through the process of grading and composing peer comments and her reactions to receiving peer feedback. The data consist of feedback comments, reflections and a series of interviews. It was found that while the process of composing feedback comments was viewed positively, receiving comments was, on the whole, viewed negatively. The author suggests helping students to become peer assessors is a long-term process; initial peer feedback should be withheld. As students develop expertise in the subject matter and in composing feedback, comments could be exchanged.


The interplay between the ground- and the three low-lying singlet/triplet excited-state surfaces (S 1 , T 2 , and T 1 ) in s-trans- and s-cis-acrolcin has been studied using CASSCF computations at the 6-31G * level. The objective is to provide a model for understanding α,β-enone photochemistry and photophysics. Two different photochemically active relaxation paths starting from a planar S 1 1 (n-π * ) excited state minimum have been documented. The first of these pathways involves a radiationless decay via intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold, leading to production of a short-lived T 1 3 (π-π * ) twisted intermediate


The electricity sector is going through an unprecedented change in structure. With the growth of distributed generation and prosumers (customers who both produce and consume power), typical assumptions for how load behaves are no longer suitable for transmission system owners and operators. This change drastically increases the value of high fidelity and timely operational data and load data for the energy sector and its partners. These data, if paired with proper analysis techniques, have the potential of lowering total energy consumption, reducing system costs, and improving reliability and resilience. The extraction of information via analytics, and the optimization of data to drive decision and control processes, is necessary to realize the potential benefits of raw data. This information could be useful to energy sector stakeholders who develop technologies and services for consumers and utilities.11TechNet, SunSpec Alliance, and DBL Partners. "Unlocking Grid Data". December 2016. While sensors and observations from line workers generate data across the electricity system, there is variation in data-generating technology deployment across regions because each utility may have different priorities, and therefore have different needs for analytics. With proper collection strategies and tools, the data collected can be efficiently and effectively used for big data analysis. In addition, transparent and clearly articulated rules and regulations for data privacy and security can foster legal certainty and remove barriers for third parties seeking to use that data to provide innovative end use services.22U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). "Data Access and Privacy Issues Related to Smart Grid Technologies". October 5, 2010. While there is infrastructure to generate and transmit data, the challenge is developing data practices for collection, sharing, and management to make efficient use of this data to: • Track changing system dynamics, such as those resulting from integration of renewables; • Share data that could improve emergency response; and • Inform investments that could improve resilience and emergency preparedness. This paper will discuss the following topics: (1) Importance of data development; (2) Progress in data sharing, protection, and standardization practices; and (3) Challenges and opportunities for improvement for utilities, the federal government, and third parties. This paper will conclude with areas of further research and development for energy data.


The invention discloses a light-emitting diode (LED) with high light-emitting efficiency and a manufacturing method thereof. The LED crystal plate comprises a substrate, and a semiconductor layer formed on the right side of the substrate, wherein the semiconductor layer comprises an N-type semiconductor layer, a luminescent layer and a P-type semiconductor layer which are formed on the right sideof the substrate sequentially. The LED crystal plate is characterized in that the substrate is in an inverted terrace shape, and the side edge of the inverted terrace substrate forms an included angle of between 30 and 45 degrees with the vertical direction; the semiconductor layer is in the inverted terrace shape, and the side edge of the inverted terrace semiconductor layer forms an included angle of between 50 and 70 degrees with the right side of the substrate; and the superficial area of the bottom of the semiconductor layer is less than that of the right side of the substrate. By the arrangement, the light-emitting area of the LED crystal plate can be increased, the probability of total reflection of light in the LED crystal plate is reduced, the light-emitting efficiency of the LEDcrystal plate is improved, the light is exported from the LED crystal plate to the greatest extent, and the service life of the LED crystal plate is greatly prolonged simultaneously.


Turbomachinery design is an iterative process that can be time-consuming and expensive, especially when an extensive knowledge of the performance envelope is required. The approach described in the present paper can significantly cut the turnaround times down without jeopardizing the accuracy of the final result. A parameterization technique based on radial basis functions (RBF) is used and Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations are subsequently performed on a set of selected morphed meshes, the goal of which is to produce an aerodynamic database containing first-order, second-order and second-order cross derivatives of objectives with respect to parameters. New solutions, corresponding to any variations of the selected parameters, can thus be extrapolated thanks to the information included in the aforementioned database. In this way, a meta-model is built and can be easily explored by a genetic algorithm. This approach has been experimented on a new concept of engine cooling fan featuring low torque and high efficiency. A reference fan design has been adapted for the particular surrounding of the vehicle underhood, where the downstream flow is radially deviated from its axis by the engine. The optimization process has resulted in an efficiency improvement of three points for one of the obtained optima.


In Carcinus maenas and other decapod crustaceans, limb autotomy results in pronounced atrophy of coxal and thoracic muscles located proximal to the fracture plane. These muscles were not denervated or otherwise injured by autotomy. The atrophic changes are reversed after the subsequent molt, when a regenerated limb becomes functional. In this study, we examined the ultrastructure of the coxal head of the anterior levator (ALc) muscle from the fifth pereiopod of intermolt crabs (control ALc) and from crabs bearing a limb bud (autotomized and contralateral ALc). Control muscles exhibit small regions of myofilament erosion that may be the result of normal turnover of structural elements. Characteristic features of autotomy-induced atrophy are (i) decrease in fiber area, (ii) increase in interfibrillar space, (iii) extensive myofilament erosion, (iv) loss of organelles, (v) disruption of sarcomere organization, and (vi) degeneration of neural and vascular tissues. Similar changes occur to a lesser degree in t...


SEC is a premier symposium with a highly selective single-track technical program, dedicated to addressing the challenges in edge computing. SEC is orchestrated to provide a unique platform for researchers and practitioners to exchange ideas and demonstrate the most recent advances in research and development on edge computing.


A perturbation-incremental (PI) method is presented for the computation, continuation and bifurcation analysis of periodic solutions of nonlinear systems of delay differential equations (DDEs). Periodic solutions can be calculated to any desired degree of accuracy and their stabilities are determined by the Floquet theory. Branch switching at a period-doubling bifurcation is made simple by the present scheme as a parameter is simply increased from zero to a small positive value so that a solution on the new branch is obtained. Subsequent continuation of an emanating branch is also discussed. The advantage of the PI method lies in its simplicity and ease of implementation.


The topic of employee motivation plays a central role in the field of management—both practically and theoretically. Managers see motivation as an integral part of the performance equation at all levels, while organizational researchers see it as a fundamental building block in the development of useful theories of effective management practice. Indeed, the topic of motivation permeates many of the subfields that compose the study of management, including leadership, teams, performance management, managerial ethics, decision making, and organizational change. It is not surprising, therefore, that this topic has received so much attention over the past several decades in both research journals and management periodicals. Whereas several recent articles have examined how far we have come in researching work motivation, this special forum focuses on where we are going. That is, we ask the questions: What is the future of work motivation theories? What are the critical questions that must be addressed if progress in the field is to be made? What is the future research agenda? How can we extend or modify current models of work motivation so they continue to be relevant in the future? And where are entirely new models of motivation needed to further our understanding of employee behavior and job performance in contemporary organizations? To understand where the field is going, however, we must first understand where it has been. This introduction represents an overview of the field of work motivation from a theoretical standpoint and lays the foundation for the articles that follow. The term motivation derives from the Latin word for movement (movere.) Building on this concept, Atkinson defines motivation as "the contemporary (immediate) influence on direction, vigor, and persistence of action" (1964: 2), while Vroom defines it as "a process governing choice made by persons . . . among alternative forms of voluntary activity" (1964: 6). Campbell and Pritchard suggest that


work for 2-D and 3-D aerodynamic optimizations. The creation of the framework is an attempt to generate a design environment capable of coupling various tools from dierent levels of complexity and with diverse functionalities. The conceptual framework is developed to be inserted into daily activities of an aerodynamic CFD group. The framework is implemented for both Windows and Linux-running platforms, and it is augmented by a user-friendly graphical interface. Usage of the framework is illustrated in the paper by 2-D and 3-D aerodynamic optimization of a cruise configuration for dierent flight conditions. The aspects investigated include the influence of the number of individuals on the aerodynamic coecients, the eect of boundary layer transition location on the final optimized shape, and the benefits of the solver fidelity level as compared to the computational cost. Moreover, the use of a neural network is evaluated in order to analyze the benefits that this methodolgy can bring to the implemented framework in terms of computational cost.


Abstract Civil wars are particularly destructive and asymmetric in nature. As a result, humanitarian crises and episodes of one-sided violence against civilians are likely to emerge. In the post-Cold War era, human rights norms have been strengthened by a global commitment stating that nations have a responsibility to protect people against war crimes. Although the doctrine does not require military responses, as episodes of one-sided violence increase dramatically in the midst of civil conflict, we would expect those cases to experience relatively swift foreign response, including military intervention; a growing trend of at least purportedly humanitarian interventions should be observable. Expectations relating to the responsibility to protect are tested on all civil conflicts occurring between 1989 and 2006. Findings indicate that there is little evidence that one-sided violence leads to military intervention, suggesting that the internationally community does not use its most powerful tool to protect civilians in trouble.


During an investigation into parasites of 11 most common imported ornamental fish species to Iran, metacercariae of the heterophyid trematode Centrocestus formosanus were found encysted in the gills of four fish species including Dwarf gourami (Colisa lalia), Goldfish (Carassius auratus), Red fin shark (Labeo erythrurus) and Arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum). This is the first report of the parasite in Iran. The prevalence of metacercarial cysts ranged from 5% to 60% depending on fish species. The most infected species was Red fin shark. * Corresponding author's email: firstname.lastname@example.com Introduction In recent years, significant development in the ornamental fish industry in Iran has been observed. The majority of these ornamental fish are imported from countries of Southeast Asia. New fish parasites have been introduced to Iran through this trade (Mousavi, 2003). One of these high risk pathogens is Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924). This species was originally described from Taiwan and is widely distributed in Asia (Scholz, 2000). C. formosanus is a trematode that produces severe alterations in the gills of many freshwater fishes, most notably cartilage proliferation around the encysted trematode in the branchial tissues. It has caused significant losses among cichlids, characids, and cyprinids. The parasite has been found in the gills of many fish species from numerous Asian countries (Yanohara & Kagei, 1983; Madhavi, 1986), United States (Mitchell et al., 2000) and other parts of the world (VélezHernández et al., 1998; Hernández et al., 2003; Salgado-Maldonado et al., 2005). In Turkey, Yildiz (2005) first recovered the metacercariae of C. formosanus from the gills of ornamental fish imported from Singapore. The occurrence of C. formosanus has been not documented in Iran. In this project we aimed to determine the prevalence of this parasite in the most common freshwater species of ornamental fish imported in to Iran. Materials and methods Between May 2008 and April 2009 a total of 550 specimens of the most frequently imported species (50 samples of each species) including guppy (Poecilia reticulate), dwarf Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 30(4) 2010, 147 gourami (Colisa lalia), goldfish (Carassius auratus), red fin shark (Labeo erythrurus), barb (Capoeta tetrazona), red-eye tetra (Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae), sucker catfish (Hypostomus plecostomus), oscar (Astronatus ocellatus), pangasius sutchi (Pangasius hypophthalmus), angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) and arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) were obtained from 5 commercial suppliers and taken alive to the lab. Fish were killed by incision using a scalpel into brain and subsequently the gills were dissected, placed in Petri dishes and examined using a stereoscope. Cysts of infected gills (Figure 1A) were popped open (by using fine needle forceps) in saline solution releasing the live metacercaria (Figure 1B) and observed under high magnification light microscope. Photo and films were taken (Sony, SSC-DC80P-microscope digital camera). For histopathological examination, the gills of each fish were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. The fixed material was embedded in paraffin wax and serially sectioned. The 5 μm thick sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Results Four fish species out of 11 were infected with metacercarial cysts of C. formosanus. The encysted parasite was observed in the gill of 42 sample (7.63%). Among the infected species, a variable prevalence rate was observed (Table 1). Excysted metacercariae were elongate and pyriform in shape, and completely covered with tegumental spines. The most parasitized species was Red-fin shark. The important morphological features included the presence of 32 circumoral spines arranged in two rows and an X-shaped excretory bladder. Histopathological section of infected gills shows that parasite metacercariae lodged next to the filaments cartilage and caused intensive inflammatory response including: Hyperemia, hyperplasia of the cartilage of the primary lamellae that envelops the metacercarial cysts, secondary lamellae fusion, epithelial li ing, proliferation of fibroblasts and chondroblasts. Discussion Centrocestus formosanus is so far known to be distributed in Taiwan, China, Japan, the Figure 1. C. formosanus. A: Metacercarial cysts (arrow) in infected gills (x4). B: Two row circumoral spines in metacercaria (x40) Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 30(4) 2010, 148 Philippines, Thailand, India, Turkey, Hawaii, Vietnam, Croatia, USA, Mexico and Colombia (Scholz, 2000). In the study of parasites of ornamental fish imported into Australia, Evans & Lester (2001) had identified the parasites in Poecilia reticulata and Xiphophorus maculatus according to the two distinct features. Thilakaratne et al. (2003) had isolated C. formosanus in gills of goldfish in Sri Lanka. Yildiz (2005) reported infection with metacercariae of C. formosanus in 4 species of ornamental fish imported into Turkey. Also the same infection in goldfish (Carassius auratus) imported into Croatia have been reported by Gjurcevic (2007). The examined goldfish in our study were also parasitized by the C. formosanus. But it is the first record of the metacercariae of C. formosanus in freshwater ornamental fish imported into Iran. Mousavi (2003) did not report C. formosanus in the previous study on ornamental fish parasite in Iran. To date, C. formosanus metacercariae have not been reported in native cultured freshwater fishes in Iran. Migration of cercariae through host tissues may produce minimal mechanical damage and hemorrhaging (Hoffman 1999). C. formosanus, unlike most trematodes, produces serious damage in the gills of many freshwater fishes (Mitchell et al., 2000). Histopathological section of infected gills shows that parasite metacercariae lodged next to the filaments cartilage and caused intensive inflammatory response including : hyperplasia of the Table 1. PF: parasitized Fish; EF: Examined Fish , Prevalence (%) of the metacercarial cysts of C. formosanus in infected species Species Common name PF/EF Prevalence(%) Labeo erythrurus Redfin shark 28/550 60 Carassius auratus Goldfish 12/550 25 Colisa lalia Dwarf gourami 9/550 10 Osteoglossum bicirrhosum Arrowana 3/550 5 Figure 2. Histological section of infected gills. A: encysted metacercariae (white arrow) fusion of gill filaments (Black arrows) (x10) ; B: Epithelial li ing (White arrow) and hyperemia (Black arrows) (x40) Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 30(4) 2010, 149 cartilage of the primary lamellae that envelops the metacercarial cysts, lamellar fusion, epithelial li ing, proliferation of fibroblasts and chondroblasts that form a cartilaginous encapsulation around the parasite resulting destroying the normal gill structure and reducing the surface area of the respiratory epithelium. The same changes previously described by other authors that reported C. formosanus infection (described by Blazer and Gratzek (1985), Vélez-Hernández et al. (1998), Mitchell et al. (2000), Yildiz (2005) and Gjurcevic (2007). In the present study, it has been confirmed that C. formosanus is prevalent in freshwater ornamental fish imported from Southeast Asia into Iran. According to the considerable role of geographical transfer in alteration of infestation to infection and the risk of introduction of this new parasitic fauna to the native fish species, it seems important to quarantine and monitoring the ornamental fish importation. References Blazer VS and Gratzek JB (1985). Cartilage proliferation in response to metacercarial infections of fish gills. Journal of Comparative Pathology 95, 273-280. Erkin Koyuncu C (2009). Parasites of ornamental fish in Turkey .Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 29(1), 25-27. Evans BB and Lester RJG (2001). Parasites of ornamental fish imported into Australia. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 21(2), 51-55. Gjurcevic E, Petrinec Z, Kozaric Z, Kuzir S, Gjurcevic Kantura V, Vucemilo M and Dzaja P (2007). Metacercariae of Centrocestus formosanus in goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) imported into Croatia. Helminthologia 44(4), 214-216. Mitchell AJ, Salmon MJ, Huffman DG, Goodwin AE, and Brandt TM (2000). Prevalence and pathogenicity of a heterophyid trematode infecting the gills of an endangered fish, the fountain darter, in two central Texas springfed rivers. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 12, 283-289. Mousavi HAE (2003). Parasites of ornamental fish in Iran. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 23(6), 297-300. Salgado-Maldonado G, Aguilar-Aguilar R, Cabanas-Carranza G, Soto-Galera E and Mendoza-Palmero C (2005). Helminth parasites in freshwater fish from the Papaloapan river basin, Mexico. Parasitology Research 96, 69–89. Scholz T and Salgado-Maldonado G (2000). The introduction and dispersal of Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924) (Digenea: Heterophyidae) in Mexico: A review. American Midland Naturalist 143, 185-200. Thilakaratne IDSIP, Rajapaksha G, Hewakopara A, Rajapakse RPVJ and Faizal ACM (2003). Parasitic infections in freshwater ornamental fish in Sri Lanka. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 54, 157-162. Vélez-Hernández EMF, Constantino-Casas LJ, García-Márquez and Sarabia O (1998). Gill lesions in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., in Mexico due to the metacercariae of Centrocestus formosanus. Journal of Fish Diseases 21, 229-232. Yildiz HA (2005). Infection with metacercariae of Centrocestus formosanus (Trematoda:Heterophyidae) in ornamental fish imported into Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 25(5), 244-246.


An algorithm to study a 3D system with rotating field using complex A, A‐V formulation in finite difference solution is presented. Torque calculations are performed using volume Maxwell stress tensor. An eddy current tachometer is investigated. The numerical results are compared with those obtained by measurement.


The new compound Cs10P8Se20 features the heterotetracyclic [P3Se7] 3anion, a phosphorus-rich four-membered-ring species that possesses a P-P-P unit and formally P3þ and P4þ centers. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnnm with a = 26.5456(7) Å, b = 8.0254(2) Å, c = 11.9031(4) Å, and Z = 2 at 100(2) K. The cyclic anion is cocrystallized with a [P2Se6] 4anion. Electronic absorption, Raman, Fourier transform infrared, and solid-state P NMR spectroscopy studies of Cs10P8Se20 are reported.


In agent bilateral multi-issue bidding negotiation system, how to make the negotiation agents gain satisfying result farthest and negotiate efficiently is a key issue. As for this problem, an agent negotiation system based on adaptive genetic algorithm is present and the algorithm is applied in bilateral multi-issue simultaneous bidding negotiation in E-commerce. In the system, the negotiation agent can send the information of its issue range and the issue weight to the third party agent which it trusts, and then the third party agent use the adaptive genetic algorithm which is present in this paper to give the optimal result. In the system experiments, the two methods are used to compare. The first is simple genetic algorithm (SGA), the second is the adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA). The difference is the later algorithm can change the crossover probability and the mutation probability adaptively. The SGA uses 218 runs to gain the satisfying result, while the AGA only uses 152 runs to gain the satisfying result. The experiments show that the system present in this paper can help agents to negotiation more efficiently.


The paper examines the presence and distribution of infections caused by Brucella canis in different categories of dogs in the territory of the Municipality of Požarevac. A total of 151 dogs were examined, and 74 blood serums originated from dogs of known owners and 77 from stray dogs. The investigations were carried out also on 40 samples of full blood of stray dogs, as well as fetal organs and reproductive organs of a serologically positive female following hysterectomy. Investigations included a clinical examination of the dogs, rapid serum agglutination, slow serum agglutination, and isolation of the cause. In all the examined dogs, the rapid agglutination test gave a positive result in 16.55% of the examined samples, the slow agglutination test 11.25%, which is an extremely high percentage in comparison with other regions of our country. Therapy using antibiotics, zoohygienic measures, castration or hysterectomy (as attempts to avoid residue and break the chain of the transfer of the infection) are conditions for out rooting the disease. Control of stray dogs is necessary, as they present the basic source of the infection. The results obtained in the course of these investigations indicate the absolute justification of including this contagious disease in the group of diseases whose reporting is compulsory.


A conductive paste and a multi-layer printed circuit board having the same are provided to prevent a crevice or a crack from being formed between a wiring pattern and the ceramic PCB by forming a conductive portion through the conductive paste. A conductive paste contains a binder component and an organic dissolvent. The binder is made of conductive powders and an organic chemical. The conductive powders contain silver powders and silver oxide powders. An average diameter of the silver powder is between 0.3 and 10.0 um. The conductive powders contain the silver oxide powder 0.1 - 15.0 w%. The silver powders are selected from AgO2 powders and AgO powders. The conductive paste is used for forming a conductor portion of a multi-layer PCB(4).


Nowadays, global warming is a serious environmental problem. In response, all industry sectors are involved in sustainability in order to reduce pollution and its relative CO2 emission. Namely in transportation, many forms of electric vehicles are being researched and developed. In this study, the authors observe the feasibility of an Online Electric Vehicle (OLEV), a Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) bus, and subway. The purpose of the study is to suggest an economically appropriate mode of public transportation to the city. The authors convert numbers of different factors to monetary value in order to compare the 3 modes in the same unit. Then they conduct the benefit-cost analysis controlling the following variables: demand and time. Furthermore, the authors also perform a sensitivity analysis based on oil price, proportion of clean energy in electricity production, and market price of CO2 savings. Based on their assumptions, the authors determined that the CNG bus is economically better for the first few years, whereas in the long-term, the subway becomes advantageous. However, OLEV appears to be the best choice of public transportation, as it rewards higher profit in the years between CNG and subway. Similarly, in the demand perspective, as the city size increases, the desirable mode changes from CNG to OLEV to subway.


For more than 30 years, sulfide gold ores were treated in metallurgic plants located in Nova Lima, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and accumulated in the Cocoruto tailings dam. Both flotation and leaching tailings from a deactivated circuit, as well as roasted and leaching tailings from an ongoing plant, were studied for their acid mine drainage potential and elements' mobility. Detailed characterization of both tailings types indicates the presence of fine-grain size material hosting substantial amounts of sulfides that exhibit distinct geochemical and mineralogical characteristics. The samples from the ongoing plant show high grades of Fe in the form of oxides, cyanide, and sulfates. Differently, samples from the old circuit shave higher average concentrations of Al (0.88%), Ca (2.4%), Mg (0.96%), and Mn (0.17%), present as silicates and carbonates. These samples also show relics of preserved sulfides, such as pyrite and pyrrhotite. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Au, and As are higher in the tailings of the ongoing circuit, while Cr and Hg stand out in the tailings of the deactivated circuit. Although the obtained results show that the sulfide wastes do not tend to generate acid mine drainage, leaching tests indicate the possibility of mobilization of toxic elements, namely As and Mn in the old circuit, and Sb, As, Fe, Ni, and Se in the tailings of the plant that still works. This work highlights the need for proper management and control of tailing dams even in alkaline drainage environments such as the one of the Cocoruto dam. Furthermore, strong knowledge of the tailings' dynamics in terms of geochemistry and mineralogy would be pivotal to support long-term decisions on wastes management and disposal.


Executive Summary Baton Rouge Coal and Towing Company, founded by Joshua (J.C.) Wemer, Sr. in 1902, was a river steamboat and barge operation. The company originally serviced steamboats that used coal for fuel on the Mississippi River. The coal was mined in the Pittsburgh area, loaded on barges, transported down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers by stern-wheel steamboats, and then stored along the river banks. Finally, the coal was put on barges to directly supply river steamboats or used for residential and other commercial activities around Baton Rouge. After managing the company successfully for close to forty years, J.C. Werner, Sr. (1870 -1940) passed the business on to his three sons and two daughters. Each of the five siblings owned an equal 20 percent share of the company stock. J. C. Werner, Jr., the oldest member of the second generation, acted as president of the company while John Werner, William Werner, Helen Werner Jackson, and one other daughter also served in the business. J.C., Jr. started working in the business (1930) before the others and maintained his primary status in spite of the fact that his siblings could have voted him out of the presidency of the company. According to Jack Jackson, J.C., Jr.'s nephew and Helen's son, there was one instance in which the younger siblings rebelled, but this was quickly squelched when J.C., Jr. threatened to step down and give his siblings all of his workload, which apparently frightened the group into submission. As technological improvements came, steamboats began to use oil, which was more efficient than coal. Then, in the 1940s, ships began to use diesel power. Boats on the river continued to haul cargo, both dry and liquid, as well as moving dirt to construct the levees. These are the levees that failed around New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Jack Jackson joined the family business in 1959. After working in the business for three years, Jack decided that he wanted to start his own company. With the blessing of his uncle, Jack incorporated as Jack Jackson, Inc. in 1962. Using $125,000 in seed money from his father-in-law, Roland Kizer, Jack built the operation from one tugboat into a seven-boat business. He specialized in moving grain barges in and out or grain elevators. The tugboats carried each individual barge out on the river to attach to a convoy of around 50 barges. The system operated somewhat like a railroad on the river, with the tugboats bringing barges in and out to the larger "train" of barges. Within five years and much to his father-in-law's surprise, Jack repaid the loan. The business demanded attention on a 24-hour basis and Jack worked very hard; so hard that in later years his sons did not want to enter the business and follow in Jack's footsteps. Tugboat crews consisted of three workers: the captain and two deckhands. The crews worked in 12-hour shifts, so each tugboat had a day crew, a night crew, and a crew that was off. The requirement of nine workers per boat was often difficult to meet. Jack used moderately-sized boats of about 1000 to 1200 horse-power, valued at roughly $500,000 each. The boats could move one or two barges at a time, but they were small enough to maneuver in and out of the docks. A larger tugboat would have great difficulty with the docks. He serviced the area between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, primarily in the Convent-Burnside area, working the grain elevators and the fleets that held the barges on the Mississippi River. On occasion, Jack sent his boats as far as Minneapolis to the north, across Texas almost into Mexico to the west, and as far east as Georgia. Jack retired from the tugboat business in 2004. The following interview is part of an on-going study concerning leadership succession in the family business, and the third in the Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship 's series of interviews on family business. Authors: We have a few questions about the family side of the business. …


This paper describes a type system for CLP(FD) where the CHIP language is considered. The proposed type system is an extension of regular types known in LP. We propose an approach where a type for a nite domain variable is a its domain, i.e. a set of all values it can take. These nite domain types can occur as leaves of terms denoting regular types. Then type inference is discussed. We propose to adopt and modify some techniques developed originally in the context of LP. The described system performs compile-time constraint propagation what allows to deduce about possible domains of some variables.


ABSTRACT A brain tumour is an exponential proliferation of cancerous tissues in the brain. The capacity to accurately segregate and categorise tumours is consequential for later prognosis and therapy planning. Patients with brain tumours must plan their surgery based on their survival prognostication. By combining 3D radiomics parameters, such as shape, geometry, wavelet features and clinical information, a radionics-based overall survival (OS) prediction approach was developed. For the survival prediction, 858 radiomics characteristics were obtained from each of the 325 segmented tumour volumes and then determined 4,875 effective features using univariate selection, the Pearson correlation and an ensemble of the two aforementioned feature selection methods. Finally, to predict the overall survival of the patient, nine machine learning models were developed. An accuracy of 73.8 percent was achieved in predicting the survival of short-survivors and long-survivors while using the Pearson correlation feature selection methods with XGBoosting and soft voting classifiers, respectively. Furthermore, a 70.6 percent accuracy was obtained while using the Pearson correlation method combined with the random forest, gradient boosting, and AdaBoost classifiers. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy for predicting the survival of gliomas is efficient and effective.


Abstract 4519 Objective In this paper we investigate effects of magnetic nanoparticle of Fe 3 O 4 (MNP-Fe 3 O 4 ) on the murine immune system especially in lymphocyte and macrophage function. Methods ICR mice were assigned randomly into four groups which were treated with normal saline, the dose of 300mg/kg, 600mg/kg and 1200mg/kg MNP-Fe 3 O 4 . The mice were killed when they were exposed by intragastric administration after 2 weeks. The ratios of spleen to body weight, lymphocyte transformation rate in spleen suspension, phagocytic index of macrophage in belly cavity were detected. Results The ratios of spleen to body weight in all experimental groups were not significantly difference in comparison to the control group(P>0. 05). The lymphocyte transformation rate in spleen suspension in experimental groups were all higher than that of the control group, especially in the media dose group(600mg/kg)(P Conclusion It is concluded that suitable dose of MNP-Fe 3 O 4 supplement enhance cellular immune function and phagocytic funtion of macrophage of mice. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In order to identify an adeqauate surgical treatment for elderly gastric and colorectal cancer patients, clinicopathological features and surgical results of the patients over 80 years of age were compared with those of patients between 75 and 79. Although more invasive procedures were performed for patients between 75 and 79, postoperative complications were higher in gastric cancer patients over 80 (94.7%) than in those between 75 and 79 (64.9%) (p<0.05). The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was higher in gastric cancer patients over 80 (73.7%) than in those between 75 and 79 (37.8%) (p<0.05). In colorectal cancer, complications which were not directly related to operative methods, i.e., pulmonary complications, occurred frequently in patients over 80. The cumulative survival rate was lower in patietns over 80. In particular, the prognosis of the patients over 80 with postoperative pulmonary complications was poor. The number of dissected lymph nodes and the incidence of combined resection of other organs were higher in the gastric cancer patients with postoperative pulmonary complications, and multiple proce-dures extending to the upper abdomen were frequently performed for colorectal cancer patients with pulmonary complications. These results suggest that radical lymph node dissection and combined resection of other organs in the treatment of aged patients with gastric cancer, and multiple procedures extending to the upper abdomen in aged colorectal cancer patients, should be minimized to prevent postoperative complications and improve the prognosis.


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Medical devices, as well as methods of making and using the medical device is disclosed. Exemplary medical devices include a catheter shaft. An expandable balloon bonded to the catheter shaft. The balloon can be migrated between the folded configuration and the expanded configuration. Placing a plurality of elongate electrode assembly to the balloon. Depositing a cover layer on the electrode assembly. No cover layer into portions of the electrode assembly.


Abstract This paper describes a comparative study by using different chromatographic supports (silica gel, chitin and chitosan) to separate biflavonoids from Rheedia gardneriana by column chromatography. The results indicated that chitin can be used as alternative method, but the yield of the compounds is lower than when silica gel is employed. In contrast, chitosan is not a good chromatographic support for the separation of the biflavonoids under the same experimental conditions.


The Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) is a high-level global forum to share best practices and promote policies and programs that advance clean energy technologies and accelerate the transition to a global clean energy economy. The CEM works to increase energy efficiency, expand clean energy supply, and enhance clean energy access worldwide. To achieve these goals, the CEM pursues a three-part strategy that includes high-level policy dialogue, technical cooperation, and engagement with the private sector and other stakeholders. Each year, energy ministers and other high-level delegates from the 23 participating CEM governments come together to discuss clean energy, review clean energy progress, and identify tangible next steps to accelerate the clean energy transition. The U.S. Department of Energy, which played a crucial role in launching the CEM, hosted the first annual meeting of energy ministers in Washington, DC, in June 2010. The United Arab Emirates hosted the second Clean Energy Ministerial in 2011, and the United Kingdom hosted the third Clean Energy Ministerial in 2012. In April 2013, India hosted the fourth Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM4) in New Delhi. Key insights from CEM4 are summarized in the report. It captures the ideas and recommendations of the government and private sector leadersmore » who participated in the discussions on six discussion topics: reducing soft costs of solar PV; energy management systems; renewables policy and finance; clean vehicle adoption; mini-grid development; and power systems in emerging economies.« less


Spider webs are a good example of how phenotypic traits can be adjustable to the physical structure of the environment. Orb-web spiders of the family Uloboridae sometimes form aggregations inside webs of other spider species. In the present study, we focused on the system of Uloboridae associated with webs of the spider Aglaoctenus (Lycosidae). Because of the conformation of Aglaoctenus webs, the direction of prey flow in the central and peripheral positions of the Uloboridae aggregations is vertical and horizontal, respectively. The inclination of Uloboridae orb-webs, in relation to the ground, tends to be closer to horizontal in the centre and vertical in the periphery, whereas other characteristics of the orb-webs and spiders do not differ between the positions. Structural differences between centre and periphery were not enough to explain the inclination pattern of the orb-webs, at least regarding the method we used to measure the micro-habitat structure in this study. Our results support the view of intraspecific variability in orb-web inclination as a case of foraging optimisation strategy and, possibly, of adaptive plasticity.


The output voltage of PWM inverters used for induction motors (IM's) contains many harmonic components due to switching. This causes electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems, torque ripple, and noise. The LC-LPF is effective in removing these harmonic components. However, due to resonant phenomena of LC-LPF, it is difficult to realize a stable operation with a wide range of operation. Simulation has revealed that the Inverse Linear Quadratic control with Inverse Reference Model (IRM-ILQ control) based on multivariable two-degrees-of-freedom control, provides a robust and stable control. In this paper, stable and accurate velocity control of sinusoidal VSI using active LC-LPF fed IM is experimentally verified.


Objective:To investigate the chemosensitivity of human breast cancer cell line MCF7-pAcGFP modified with green fluorescent protein and to investigate the effect of DC cells cocultured with CIK cells on these cells.Methods:Human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) were transfected with pAcGFP-C1 by Fugene HD Transfection Reagent.The cells which express the pAcGFP gene were selected by geneticin (G418).The sensitivity of MCF7-pAcGFP cells to 6 drug was detected by MTT assay, and the cytotoxicity of DC and CIK cells to MCF7-pAcGFP cells was also detected by MTT assay.Results:There was no significant difference for the chemosensitivity to drugs between the MCF7-pAcGFP cells and MCF7 cells, the chemosensitivity was higher to 5-Fu, EPI and Doc.There were also no significant difference in the cytotoxicity of DC cells cocultured with CIK cells on MCF7-pAcGFP cells and MCF7 cells.Conclusion:MCF7-pAcGFP cells may replace MCF-7 cells for screening of anti-breast cancer drugs.


A study of several NE_SW trending sand belts buried 20~35m underground in North China Plain from geophysical and drilling and experimental data has been carried out for a rational exploitation and utilization of ground water. These sand belts are of alluvial facies,representing ancient stream channels of the Yellow River. From their distributions,heavy mineral associations,and scale,and fossil contents and 14 C dating they are known to have formed during the period spanning Late lce Age to Early Holocene. They cut into the interglacial brown clay and indicates that the Yellow River might have passed through the Sanmen Gorge in the Late lce Age and left some traces of Bohai Sea on the continental shelf.


In this study, the antioxidant property of eight new azomethine derivatives underwent theoretical
and experimental investigations. Azomethines have antioxidant activity. This is the first time
the molecular structures and antioxidant property of these derivatives have been studied. The molecular
structures were optimized using Density functional theory (DFT). The Bond Dissociation Enthalpy
(BDE), Mulliken Charges, NBO analysis, Ionization Potential (IP), Electron Affinities (EA), HOMO
and LUMO energies, Hardness (η), Softness (S), Electronegativity (μ), Electrophilic Index (ω), Electron
Donating Power (ω-), Electron Accepting Power (ω+), and Energy Gap (Eg) were calculated in
order to deduce scavenging action of the eight new synthesized azomethines (DIA-3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10).
Spin density calculations and NBO analysis were also carried out to understand the antioxidant activity
mechanism. These molecules have high antioxidant potential due to the planarity and formation of
intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Experimental investigations establish high antioxidant and antitumor
activities of the synthesized azomethine derivatives.


The face geological condistions and the supporting principle in the thick and thin alluvial bedrock under the conditions of high stress and broken roof are analyzed.According to supporting effects,the experience of full completed drifting under such geological conditions is summed up.A useful attempt is provided for fast drivage in full completed drifting at large section under similar conditons.


In this article, some informations are given on the development of glass fiber industry in China, the quality level of glass fiber products and the progress in glass fiber standardization in 2004.


Angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) is an activating ligand for the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2, whereas Ang2 acts as a context-dependent agonist or antagonist that has a destabilizing effect on the vasculature. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the versatile functions of Ang2 are poorly understood. We show here that Ang2, but not Ang1, induces Tie2 translocation to the specific cell–matrix contact sites located at the distal end of focal adhesions. The Ang2-specific Tie2 translocation was associated with distinct Tie2 activation and downstream signals which differed from those of Ang1, and led to impaired cell motility and weak cell–matrix adhesion. We demonstrate that the different oligomeric or multimeric forms of the angiopoietins induce distinct patterns of Tie2 trafficking; the lower oligomerization state of native Ang2 was crucial for the Ang2-specific Tie2 redistribution, whereas multimeric structures of Ang1 and Ang2 induced similar responses. The Ang2-specific Tie2 trafficking to cell–matrix contacts was also dependent on the cell substratum, α2β1-integrin-containing cell–matrix adhesion sites and intact microtubules. Our data indicate that the different subcellular trafficking of Tie2–Ang2 and Tie2–Ang1 complexes generates ligand-specific responses in the angiopoietin–Tie signaling pathway, including modulation of cell–matrix interactions.


Sensitivity Analysis (SA) is widely used in the calibration of traffic simulation models: it provides the modeler better knowledge about the relationship between model inputs and outputs, so the calibration can focus on the most important parameters. However, when the model is computationally expensive and has many parameters, many SA techniques (e.g., Monte Carlo approaches) are unfeasible due to the high computational cost.


Summary Dykes of limestone breccia, brecciated masses of limestone within vents, and intrusive relations between basalt and limestone are described as features of interest within a short distance of Beirut.


This study analyzes the current transportation operations of social service agencies in three prototype communities in Texas: urban, rural, and rural with urban interface. The study was designed to identify and analyze the costs of direct provision of client transportation by social service agencies and to develop comparative cost indexes for the same or similar classes of trips if delivered by alternative providers, including taxi operators, transit systems, and nonprofit providers. Common classes of trips are identified and categorized by major operational characteristics, and actual and perceived cost data are developed for trips provided directly by social service agencies to their own clients. Actual cost figures, including expenses borne externally or through grants, are developed to allow policymakers to evaluate effectively the costs of direct transportation provision by social service agencies. Since federal and state subsidies exist and will be used, perceived cost figures are developed to allow social service agencies to compare the advantages of alternative service provision to their out-of-pocket costs. Although no other provider was found to be cost-effective for all client trips, some social service agencies are found to be operating inefficient or ineffective transportation systems and should, therefore, consider an alternative provider. Guidelines are developed to facilitate these decisions. /Author/


Objective To select an optimal extraction process of the total flavonoids from Alhagi sparsifolia Shap..MethodsThe orthogonal design was carried out to investigate the effects of concentration of extractant(A),dosage liquor(B),extraction time(C) and extraction times(D) on the content of flavones in Alhgi sparsifoua shap..ResultsThe optimum extraction condition was 40% ethanol,solid-liquid ratio 1∶20,1.5h for 3 times.ConclusionThe optimal extraction process of the total flavonoids in Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.is stable.


Hand in hand with the reawakening of interest in the possibilities of breast feeding on the part of the medical profession has gone a new development in welfare work; namely, the breast feeding demonstration. For both these movements, the medical and the social, Julius P. Sedgwick deserves undying praise. It was he who worked out the mechanics of the technic of breast feeding that many of us have found most useful in our individual work with mothers and babies; and he it was who established the classic rules for the conduct of the breast feeding demonstration. It would be hard to conceive of doing either line of work, the medical or the social, without hewing to the lines that he laid down. The two cardinal principles governing the medical handling of a case of breast feeding are too well known to need more than passing mention here. They are, of