Context. Radio halos and relics are Mpc-scale diffuse radio sources in galaxy clusters, which have a steep spectral index α > 1 (defined as S ∝ ν−α). It has been proposed that halos and relics arise from particle acceleration induced by turbulence and weak shocks that are injected into the intracluster medium (ICM) during mergers.
Aims. MACS J1149.5+2223 is a high-redshift (z = 0.544) galaxy cluster possibly hosting a radio halo and a relic. We analysed LOw Frequency Array (LOFAR), Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) radio data at 144, 323, and 1500 MHz, respectively. In addition, we analysed archival Chandra X-ray data to characterise the thermal and non-thermal properties of the cluster.
Methods. We obtained radio images at different frequencies to investigate the spectral properties of the radio halo. We used Chandra X-ray images to constrain the thermal properties of the cluster and to search for discontinuities (due to cold fronts or shock fronts) in the surface brightness of the ICM. By combining radio and X-ray images, we carried out a point-to-point analysis to study the connection between the thermal and non-thermal emission.
Results. We measured a steep spectrum of the halo, which can be described by a power-law with α = 1.49 ± 0.12 between 144 and 1500 MHz. The radio surface brightness distribution across the halo is found to correlate with the X-ray brightness of the ICM. The derived correlation shows a sub-linear slope in the range 0.4–0.6. We also report two possible cold fronts in north-east and north-west, but deeper X-ray observations are required to firmly constrain the properties of the upstream emission.
Conclusions. We show that the combination of high-redshift, steep radio spectrum, and sub-linear radio-X scaling of the halo rules out hadronic models. An old (∼1 Gyr ago) major merger likely induced the formation of the halo through stochastic re-acceleration of relativistic electrons. We suggest that the two possible X-ray discontinuities may be part of the same cold front. In this case, the coolest gas pushed towards the north-west might be associated with the cool core of a sub-cluster involved in the major merger. The peculiar orientation of the south-east relic might indicate a different nature of this source and requires further investigation.


Solid state materials can be used to control the oxidation potential (Eh) of waste glass leachants. These materials are chosen based on known Eh-pH relations for redox species in the presence of dissolved silica. Experiments under oxidized conditions have enabled evaluation of waste glass durability in the presence of waste package components which affect Eh. 18 references, 4 figures.


This year's U.S. Program-Global Good session will focus in part on how choice architecture can be used to support student success in the transition from high school into postsecondary in the United States. Innovators in fields ranging from healthcare to finance have pioneered the use of choice architecture in recent years, but its application in the educational realm remains relatively new. As such, this session will draw on the principles underpinning effective choice architecture, how it has been used in non-education contexts and its emerging application in secondary and postsecondary education. In addition, we will demo a handful of promising education products that put choice architecture concepts to good use.


Research in the field of food science and technology has shown that bacteria can communicate with each other. This communication is population-density dependent and involves signalling molecules that can diffuse between the bacterial cells. The process of communication is called 'quorum sensing'. Quorum sensing is now known to be a widespread phenomenon responsible for modulating many different activities in diverse Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This phenomenon has been found to be responsible in food spoilage and biofilm formation by food-related bacteria in the food industry in addition to pathogenesis. Understanding bacterial quorum-sensing systems can help in controlling the growth of undesirable food-related bacteria. Blocking the quorum-sensing signalling molecules in food related bacteria may possibly prevent quorum-sensing-regulated phenotypes responsible for food spoilage. With proper understanding of quorum sensing mechanism we can identify quorum-sensing inhibitors that could be used as food preservatives to enhance food safety and increase shelf life.


Objective We aim to establish and validate computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics model for predicting TP53 status in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods We divided all patients into a training set 1 (n=66) and a testing set 1 (n=30) to establish and validate radiomics model to predict TP53. Radiomics features were selected by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression analysis. Five radiomics models were established by using K-Nearest Neighbor, logistics regressive, linear-support vector machine (SVM), gaussian-SVM, and polynomial-SVM in training set 1. We also divided all patients into a training set 2 and a testing set 2 according to different CT equipment to establish and evaluate the stability of the radiomics models. Results After ANOVA and subsequent Lasso regression analysis, 22 radiomics features were selected to build the radiomics model in training set 1. The radiomics model based on linear-SVM has the best predictive performance of the five models, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in training set 1 and testing set 1 were 0.831(95% confidence interval [CI] 0.692–0.970) and 0.797(95% CI 0.632–0.957) respectively. The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy were 0.971(95% CI 0.834–0.999), 0.714(95% CI 0.535–0.848), and 0.843(95% CI 0.657–0.928) in training set 1 and 0.750(95% CI 0.500–0.938), 0.786(95% CI 0.571–1.000), and 0.667(95% CI 0.467–0.720) in testing set 1, respectively. In addition, the radiomics model also achieved stable prediction results even in different CT equipment. Decision curve analysis showed that the radiomics model for predicting TP53 status could benefit LSCC patients. Conclusion We developed and validated a relatively optimal radiomics model for TP53 status prediction by trying five different machine learning methods in patients with LSCC. It shown great potential of radiomics features for predicting TP53 status preoperatively and guiding clinical treatment.


Smart meter systems can provide advanced functionalities for network state observation, estimation and control. For analysis of system requirements and evaluation of such functionalities a test stand has been realized. This paper describes the structure and implementation of the test stand infrastructure as well as the results of test cases which have been conducted to evaluate smart meter system performance and applicability at different measurement access layers, at the smart meter, the data concentrator, secondary substation and control centre.


Although developmental dyslexia is often described in terms of selective phonological deficit, visual Magnocellular-Dorsal (M-D) deficit hypothesis gains an increasing consent, even if it remains a controversial theory. Several experimental data supporting the M-D deficit hypothesis, indeed, can also be interpreted as a consequence of a perceptual noise exclusion deficit. In our psychophysical experiments, we measured sensitivity for two visual motion illusions proved to involve specifically the M-D pathway. The results show that dyslexic group differed, in comparison to the control group, in perceiving both illusions. Specifically, dyslexics needed more luminance contrast to perceive the motion illusions, although contrast sensitivity for these specific stimuli did not differed between the two groups. These results are the first supporting the M-D deficit hypothesis in dyslexia by measuring sensitivity to visual motion illusion, without involving any perceptual noise exclusion mechanism.


PEDOT:PSS is a water soluble conducting polymer consists of positively charged PEDOT and negatively charged PSS. However, this polymer suffers low conductivity problem which restrict its use. In this paper, electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS thin films is improved by using charged gold nanoparticles. The nanoparticles used are synthesized using lysozyme protein. The nanoparticles coated with lysozyme protein possess positive zeta potential. In the presence of gold nanoparticles due to electrostatic interaction between positively charged nanoparticles and negatively charged PSS chains, modification takes place in the surface morphology and electrical behaviors of PEDOT:PSS thin films. The changes in the polymer matrix conformations in the presence of nanoparticles are studied by Fourier transformed Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, whereas the surface morphology of prepared thin films before and after interaction with nanoparticles is investigated through atomic force microscopy (AFM). Four probe method is used to measure the variation of electrical conductivity from I-V characteristics curves.PEDOT:PSS is a water soluble conducting polymer consists of positively charged PEDOT and negatively charged PSS. However, this polymer suffers low conductivity problem which restrict its use. In this paper, electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS thin films is improved by using charged gold nanoparticles. The nanoparticles used are synthesized using lysozyme protein. The nanoparticles coated with lysozyme protein possess positive zeta potential. In the presence of gold nanoparticles due to electrostatic interaction between positively charged nanoparticles and negatively charged PSS chains, modification takes place in the surface morphology and electrical behaviors of PEDOT:PSS thin films. The changes in the polymer matrix conformations in the presence of nanoparticles are studied by Fourier transformed Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, whereas the surface morphology of prepared thin films before and after interaction with nanoparticles is investigated through atomic force microscopy (AFM). Four probe method is ...


We present the results of a study to optimize the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm for planet detection, a new algorithm complementing angular differential imaging and locally optimized combination of images (LOCI) for increasing the contrast achievable next to a bright star. The stellar point spread function (PSF) is constructed by removing linear combinations of principal components, allowing the flux from an extrasolar planet to shine through. The number of principal components used determines how well the stellar PSF is globally modeled. Using more principal components may decrease the number of speckles in the final image, but also increases the background noise. We apply PCA to Fomalhaut Very Large Telescope NaCo images acquired at 4.05 μm with an apodized phase plate. We do not detect any companions, with a model dependent upper mass limit of 13–18 MJup from 4–10 AU. PCA achieves greater sensitivity than the LOCI algorithm for the Fomalhaut coronagraphic data by up to 1 mag. We make several adaptations to the PCA code and determine which of these prove the most effective at maximizing the signal-to-noise from a planet very close to its parent star. We demonstrate that optimizing the number of principal components used in PCA proves most effective for pulling out a planet signal.


This article looks into some of the effects resulting from the ever‐closer interaction between civilians and military in peace operations. A comment often heard is that too close a cooperation could have significant drawbacks. Other opinions state that better coordination could improve the overall efficiency of peace operations. For the author, international military and aid workers could best complement each other in the management of complex emergencies if clear distinctions were made between their respective spheres of responsibility. She also stresses the importance of joint training exercises and awareness courses and of developing mechanisms that could improve civil‐civil cooperation. She concludes that fostering a successful end state to a crisis can only result from complementary, yet distinctive actions carried out in their respective spheres by humanitarian, military and political actors.


Practical optical coating designs need to be produced by processes that have some finite variability or errors in layer thickness and index of refraction. The optimum design for production in some cases may be the same as the optimum without consideration of these production errors. However, there are possibly a few classes of designs where optimizing the design to minimize the effects of these errors might improve the probable production yield. We report on the investigation of which classes might be improved by design techniques considering the effects of probable production errors versus which classes cannot be significantly improved. We further report on the influence of different error distribution assumptions such as: random errors uniformly distributed within a tolerance range, worst case error distributions, and various sensitivities to errors which might realistically represent those in actual practice. Proper consideration of these influences on the design can require orders of magnitude more computation time, but this is not as great a burden in this era of faster computation as it would have been in the past.


Hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiN x :H) films fabricated by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at low temperatures (<150°C) tend to oxidize within 1 month because of their porous structure. Therefore, these low temperature a-SiN x :H films are not suitable for application in the passivation of microelectronic devices. It is found, however, that low temperature amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition resist oxidation, indicating a relatively less porous structure capable of resisting the percolation of H 2 O molecules. Therefore, if a thin layer (6.4 nm) a-Si:H film is deposited at 100°C on a 100°C deposited a-SiN x :H film, the double film structure resists oxidation for more than 14 months of air exposure. This indicates that the composite film structure has the potential to be utilized for device passivation of thin film transistors when a low temperature (<150°C) process is required.


Objective To analyze the effect and application security of azintamide enteric- coated tablets treatment of indigestion in clinic. Methods Selecting 95 cases as the research objectives and randomly dividing them into different groups. The study group received azintamide enteric- coated tablets containing pancreatic enzymes,fiber and other digestive enzymes and simethicone enzyme treatment,and the control group received placebo( containing enteric- coated tablets azintamide vehicle) treatment; comparing patients in two groups before and after treatment,7d,14 d total symptom scores and clinical efficacy,including bloating,etc. Results In study group,7d,14 d after treatment,overall symptom scores were( 13. 7 ± 1. 5) points and( 6. 9 ± 1. 1) points. Compared with the control group,they decreased significantly,which were statistically significant( P 0. 05); The total efficiency were 89. 8% and 41. 3% in the two groups. There was significant statistical difference( P 0. 05). Conclusion Azintamide enteric- coated tablets for the treatment of clinical indigestion can obtain satisfactory clinical results,with no significant side effects occurrence and security,which has a high clinical value.


This article provides a theoretical analysis of youth radicalism, which is one of the areas of modern radicalism. The excursion showed that youth radicalism, which developed in the United States, was a response to the discrepancy between the values cultivated in the youth environment and generally accepted rules and standards. As for the countries of the post-Soviet space, including Kazakhstan, here youth radicalism developed during the collapse of the USSR, when, in the conditions of a sharp drop in living standards, it was this part of the radical movement that became more active. As a study in Kazakhstan has shown, youth radicalism, as a rule, has not an ideological but a criminal basis. In this regard, in our opinion, a great danger is posed by various criminal groups, which involve modern Kazakhstani youth, where they are forced to extremism, religious fanaticism, crimes, etc. The purpose of this study was to update research aimed at studying the psychological characteristics of youth radicalism, to analyze the susceptibility and prevention of radicalist sentiments of Kazakhstani youth.


Most marketing data on consumption and production are out of date before they are available or do not lend themselves to easy analysis. This article describes an easily understood technique for the analysis of market patterns, which uses reliable, timely, and available data to link specific production centers to specific consumption centers.


Agitation is a major problem in the demented elderly, and may be related to pain and discomfort. The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between agitation and infection in three highly agitated cognitively impaired nursing home residents. Agitation was assessed using the Agitation Behavior Mapping Instrument (ABMI), a nonobtrusive assessment tool used for direct observation and recording ofagitated behaviors. Information concerning antibiotic drug use was extractedfrom the participants'charts. A relationship was inferred between the presence of an infection (as suggested by antibiotic medication use) and higher levels of agitation. Elucidating the possible antecedents of the agitated behaviors is the first step in the management of these disruptive behaviors.


This study aims to explore the experience of the head of the room in supervising nurses in the COVID-19 inpatient room. The method used is a qualitative method by determining the sample by purposive sampling. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with several government and private hospitals in Medan City. The results showed that there were five themes regarding the experience of the head of the room in supervising nurses, namely: 1) implementing several approaches to the implementation of the supervisory function of nurses in the COVID-19 inpatient ward; 2) try various efforts to strengthen follow-up supervision; 3) feel the benefits of carrying out supervision of nurses in the COVID-19 inpatient ward; 4) experiencing psychological pressure when supervising nurses in the COVID-19 inpatient room; 5) experiencing problems when carrying out supervision of nurses in the COVID-19 inpatient room. In conclusion, supervision activities can improve the competence, skills, knowledge and manage the performance of nurses in the COVID-19 inpatient room.
Keywords: COVID-19, Head of Room, Nurse, Nurse Manager, Supervision, Supervisor


Insoluble or low solubility organometallic and coordination compounds have been characterised by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry, with solvent-free sample preparation being the key step toward successful analysis.


The grounding resistance is one of the important parameters for the safe operation of the grounding system in cable tunnel.Based on the simulation analysis,a simplified formula for calculating the grounding resistance of grounding system using the tunnel foundation(GSTF) is provided in this paper.Firstly,the simplified grounding system of cable tunnel is obtained and the corresponding finite element simulation model is built.Then,the influence of the number of steel bar layer,the number of steel bar,the conductivity of cement layer and the thickness of cement layer on the grounding resistance is analyzed.At last,according to the simulation results,the problem that solving the grounding resistance of the complex grounding system in tunnel can be simplified to that solving the grounding resistance of the buried cylindrical conductor whose grounding resistance can be obtained easily.The results indicate that the accuracy of the simplified formula can meet the needs of engineering calculation.And the expression is suitable for calculating the grounding resistance of GSTF in cable tunnel.


This paper analyzes converter-driven low- frequency oscillations of current controlled weak-grid-tied voltage-source converters (VSCs) and proposes an effective method to improve the dynamic behavior. First, the specific single-input single-output (SISO) open-loop transfer function from the active power to the active power reference is obtained. From the SISO transfer function, it is revealed that the low- frequency oscillation frequency mainly depends on the active power control (APC)'s bandwidth in the outer loop. Moreover, it is revealed that the PLL brings phase lag near the frequency of the PLL bandwidth in weak-grid conditions, which results in the smaller phase margin and the weaker damping. By fully taking advantage of transfer functions, a novel reset control based compensator is presented in the outer loop without changing the control structure. The PI+CI control increases the phase margin/oscillation damping by resetting the integrator once the power error signal crosses zero. Bode plots and time-domain simulation results validate the efficacy of the proposed method in mitigating low-frequency oscillations.


Valve replacement is mandatory for AS patients owing to its progressive nature leading to continuous valve degeneration. However, surgical replacement cannot be opted for majority of patients due to old age and affiliated comorbidities. Over the recent years, AS treatment in high-risk patient population favors a newer, less-invasive method of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The main objective of this review is to revisit all the relevant aspects of TAVI to treat AS in high-risk patients and to assess its possibility as a first-line treatment approach even for low-risk AS patients. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify all the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the outcomes of TAVI vs. surgical mode of valve replacement. This method is found to be very safe and reproducible in many landmark clinical trials involving highrisk patients, demonstrating superior or, at least, comparable outcomes vs. surgical mode of treatment. This led to a trend of testing TAVI in lower-risk patient population as well to expand its treatment indication profile.


The utility model relates to an electric load remote monitoring system comprising monitoring terminals arranged at the position of power distribution equipment and a monitoring main station which carries out remote communication with the monitoring terminals by a GPRS or a 485 bus. The monitor equipment comprises a CPU module and an electrical quantity acquisition module, a GPRS communication module, a 485 communication module, a data storage module and a liquid crystal display which are connected with the monitoring terminals. A power supply module providing a working power supply for the whole monitoring terminals adopts a power grid for supplying power, three phases can supply power simultaneously, and each phase can supply the power independently. The electric load remote monitoring system can acquire and store various operation data of the power distribution equipment (transformer) in real time, and report the operation data to the monitoring main station by a GPRS wireless network or the 485 bus, thus leading power utilization equipment to be effectively monitored in real time and being beneficial to automatic construction of power distribution.


It is unknown to what extent briefly presented emotional words can be processed without awareness. By means of two independent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, using either a block or an event‐related design, we investigated brain activation to very briefly presented threat related and neutral words during two backward masking conditions (with and without gap between target and mask). In both experiments, emotional words were perceived during the supraliminal "with gap" condition, but they were not recognized during the subliminal "without gap" condition, as indicated by signal detection theory analysis. Imaging results of both experiments showed increased activation of the amygdala, the medial prefrontal cortex and language‐processing cortical areas to negative versus neutral words during supraliminal but not subliminal conditions. These results suggest that even very briefly presented emotional words are capable of triggering increased cortical and subcortical processing; however, only when awareness of these stimuli is given. Hum Brain Mapp 36:655–665, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This study is to determine the challenges and barriers faced by the special education teachers in implementing transition program for special needs students in Malaysian secondary schools. The issues that will be discussed are obstacles to the success of planning, training and placing the special needs students in the real working environment from the teachers' perspective. The study found that these students posed attitude problems during training sessions, lacked commitment to attend training sessions and faced difficulties adjusting to working environment. Apart from that, the teachers agreed that finding workplaces for students with special needs to gain working experience outside the school and the employers' readiness to accept trainees with learning disabilities are two issues that are crucially in need to be dealt with wisely. Even though there are many issues in implementing the transition program, the teachers are still very dedicated not only in monitoring the students' progress but also in ensuring the well-being of the students at their working environment during internships.


The direct yaw moment control can effectively enhance the yaw stability of the vehicle under extreme conditions, which has become one of the essential technologies for the distributed driving electric bus. Due to the features of a large mass and high center of gravity of the bus, lateral instability is more likely to occur under extreme driving conditions. To reduce the uncertainty and interference in the yaw movement process of the bus, this paper targets the instability caused by the coupling problem between the sideslip angle and yaw rate. An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control is proposed to execute direct yaw moment control. The weight coefficient of the sideslip angle and the yaw rate is adjusted via fuzzy control in real time. The optimal direct yaw moment is finally obtained. A distribution method based on the vertical load proportion is adopted for the allocation of four motors' torque. Under three typical working conditions, a joint simulation test was carried out. The simulation results demonstrate that the raised method decreases the amplitude of the sideslip angle by 20.90%, 12.75%, and 23.67% and the yaw rate is 8.62%, 6.89%, and 9.28%, respectively. The chattering and sudden changes in the additional yaw moment are also lessened. The control strategy can realize the control target, which effectively strengthens the yaw stability of the bus.


This study aims to determine the effect of profitability on earnings response coefficient by adding disclosure of corporate social responsibility as a moderating variable. This research is conducted in mining companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2013-2016. The number of samples are 33 companies on this research with purposive sampling method. Data analysis method used is moderated regression analysis (MRA). The results of this study indicate profitability has significant effect on earnings response coefficient and the disclosure of corporate social responsibility is not able to moderate the effect of profitability on earnings response coefficient.


Abstract It is a well-known fact that historical explanation is informed by certain conventions or approaches which change over time. But, together with this, it is quite usual for the historian to draw on assumptions used every day as part of a wider intellectual discourse. A case in point is the question of Russian national identity, which, since the collapse of the Soviet Union, has become both a major topic of debate among intellectuals and also a project for historical research.


The institution,the realization of social justice is essential for maintaining social stability,and it is also one of the important functions of government.In social transition period,the strategy of giving priority to the development of internal mechanisms of competitive sports,and the external environmental conditions of the imbalance between the developments of public goods jointly leads to the unbalanced supply of public goods of sports.In this paper,from the aspects of the adjustment system,the financial security system,expression and decision-making system,diversification of the supply system and monitoring system,the author puts forward countermeasures to solve the unbalanced supply of public goods of Sports.


Understanding speech in background noise often requires substantial mental effort, especially in adverse signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and for older adults with hearing loss. Pupillometry has been used to index listening-related effort, because pupil dilation is an autonomic response that is modulated by changes in cognitive demands, such as when recognizing speech in decreasing SNRs. This presentation will focus on our approach to quantifying the pupil response through growth curve analysis (GCA), a multilevel modeling technique in which orthogonalized polynomials are fit to time series data to capture its shape. We will provide an overview of our pupillometry research that employed GCA to characterize (1) changes in the pupil response across varying listening conditions and (2) individual differences in the pupil response among older adults with hearing loss. Discussion will include statistical advantages of this approach compared to commonly used peak-picking analyses, implementation of GCA in R, and t...


A research was carried out on the adhesive properties of 104 uropathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa. On the basis of the adhesiveness to various types of cell it was possible to identify the most frequent adhesive patterns. Moreover, the ability of some carbohydrates to inhibit the adhesiveness of P. aeruginosa and the effect of some enzymes on the agglutinability of human erythrocytes by non-hemagglutinating bacterial strains was studied.


The idea of "Unity of Legislative and Executive" is based on the concept of Marxism–Leninism state theory and is the initial principle of the organization of Paris Commune. Its original meaning is the idea of "the Unity of the power of Legislative and Executive", which means that Legislative is also served as Executive and is in charge of the making and execution of law. It's often adopted by the "People's Democracy" form of regimes in socialism nations and has, directly or indirectly, the influence on both of Russia's Soviet System and China's NPC System, However, whether NPC System should be classified as one type of "Unity of Legislative and Executive" is still in dispute. Although Russia's Soviet System succeed to "Unity of Legislative and Executive" of Paris Commune, its meaning is totally different from the initial practice of Paris Commune. For the Soviet System of the Chinese Soviet Republic, which established by CCP in 1931, is the imitation of Russia's Soviet System, and NPC System is in succession to the Soviet of the Chinese Soviet Republic, we classified NPC System as one type of Soviet System of "Unity of Legislative and Executive." Doctor Sun, Yat-sen established the idea of "Separation of Rights and Powers" in his late years, which separates political power as "People's Rights" and "Government's Powers". "People's Rights" means people's rights of state management, "Government's Powers" means government's powers of govern. People rule "Governmental Powers" by "People's Rights". The idea of "Separation of Rights and Powers" forms the National Assembly and "Separation of Five-powers" System, which presents the same power structure with Soviet System of the Unity of Legislative and Executive. Due to Sun's admiration of success of communist revolution in Russia, he takes Russia's system as the ideal model. Hence, The idea of "Separation of Rights and Powers" is probably born with Russia's Soviet and Sun's thought of Separation of Five-powers. CCP firmly adopts NPC as its basic political system, and opposes the idea of "Separation of Three-powers" as well as entire absorbing western political system. It pursues a Chinese Democracy. The idea of "Separation of Rights and Powers", which doesn't totally absorb the idea of western political system of "Separation of Three-powers", is the model of Chinese Democracy established by Doctor Sun, Yat- sen. The NPC System's direction of development is to take the NPC as the highest authority, strengthen the supervision of NPC toward other departments, stress the division of function and profession in organizations, and prevents from power centralization. Doctor Sun, Yat-sen's National Assembly System, which based on the idea of "Separation of Rights and Powers", differs from the power structure of the idea of "Separation of Three-powers", but is the same with Soviet System and NPC System, which characterized by "Unity of Legislative and Executive". Moreover, the idea of "Separation of Rights and Powers" is more intensive to the degree of the division of function and profession than the idea of "Unity of Legislative and Executive". If we adopt the idea of "Separation of Rights and Powers" as the principle of organizing NPC System, it wouldn't only affect the structure of power of NPC System, but also would benefit the NPC System's development instead.


What is the potential payoff for farmers moving from traditional whole-field management or integrated crop management to precision farming? Using computer models, the investigators sought to analyze how inputs can be applied at optimal rates variably across a field in order to match inputs with crop needs. Over the long term, only modest increases were shown in gross returns from these practices. However, gross returns for individual years can be substantial.


Emotions are considered important drivers of the diffusion of messages on social networking sites. Therefore, emotion-eliciting political communication yields the potential to reach broad audiences and to influence citizens' attitudes and behavior. In this study, we investigate message characteristics that potentially trigger emotional reactions on part of the users of political social networking pages and test if this fosters the diffusion of political content in the network. Based on appraisal theory, we employ a manual coding scheme to identify appraisal dimensions in political parties' Facebook posts that should trigger sadness or anger. We subsequently combine the manual codings with information of the users' reactions to the respective posts, which we gathered using an automated content analysis. More specifically, we determine (1) if posts that include sadness or anger appraisals are associated with the corresponding emotional reactions in the form of emojis and (2) if these posts are shared more often.


Chapter describing EM and Implant Technology. This book aims to explore a number of connected themes relating to compliance, legitimacy and trust in different areas of criminal justice and socio-legal regulation.


At present, the moving target detection and flame characteristics extraction almost become the most important parts in majority of video fire detection systems. Through the above two-part study, a new fire features detection method is presented in precise moving target area. That is, using the improved background difference method and flame features (such as the color and uniformity, Wavelet energy, stroboscopic and contour features) to detect fire. Experiments show that this method can improve the accuracy and anti-interference ability of fire detection. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i10.3340


In this paper author analyzed and described development and improvement of health service for prevention and treatment of alcoholism of population in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


An aporia exists in the South African musical scene: black choralism's compelling presence in contemporary South Africa — it is the largest participatory form of musicking in the country — is marked by its absence from the academy's library shelves. We may naively wish to chalk this lack down to scholarly choice, but I choose instead to proceed from the commonplace that our research tastes are politically informed.

This essay focusses on two moments in the historiography of black choralism. The work on choralism by the first generation ethnomusicologists, specifically Percival R. Kirby, provides an opportunity to re-evaluate their scholarship as well as revisit the charge of their collaboration with segregationist/apartheid thought. More recent ethnomusicology's (non)engagement with black choralism affords similar insights into its workings. The erasure and misrepresentation of choralism in recent histories of black South African musicking is traced to the narrative form that structures, and the ideology of resistance which informs, their writing. South African Journal of Musicology Vol.22 2002: 29-45


Abstract Under this study, model footing tests were conducted on sand reinforced with waste tire chips. Effect of Tire-chip content, depth of reinforcement and relative density of Tire-chip Reinforced Sand (TRS) was studied. There is significant improvement in pressure settlement behaviour of TRS at low strains as well as at high strains. It was found that optimum tire-chip content is 20% by weight at low strains (2–5% settlement ratios) and 40% by weight at high strains (10–20% settlement ratios). Pressure settlement behaviour of TRS was found better than geogrid-reinforced sand up to 10% settlement ratio. Therefore, use of waste tyres as reinforcement is beneficial from both economic and environmental perspective.


Pennsylvanian Quaker Anthony Benezet was one of the most important and prolific abolitionists of the eighteenth century. The first to combine religious and philosophical arguments with extensive documentation of the slave trade based on eyewitness reports from Africa and the colonies, Benezet's antislavery writings served as foundational texts for activists on both sides of the Atlantic. In England, those who incorporated his work into their own writings included Granville Sharp, John Wesley, Thomas Clarkson, and William Dillwyn, while Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush, David Cooper, James Forten, Absalom Jones, and Richard Allen drew inspiration from his essays in America. Despite Benezet's pervasive influence during his lifetime, David L. Crosby's annotated edition represents the first time Benezet's antislavery works are available in one book. In addition to assembling Benezet's canon, Crosby chronicles the development of Benezet's antislavery philosophy and places the abolitionist's writing in historical context. Each work is preceded by an editor's note that describes the circumstances surrounding its original publication and the significance of the selection. Benezet's writings included in this edition: An Epistle of Caution and Advice Concerning the Buying and Keeping of Slaves (1754), Observations on the Enslaving, Importing, and Purchasing of Negroes (1759--1760), A Short Account of that Part of Africa Inhabited by the Negroes (1762), A Caution and Warning to Great Britain and Her Colonies (1766--1767), Some Historical Account of Guinea (1771), Benezet's Notes to John Wesley's Thoughts upon Slavery (1774), Observations on Slavery (1778), Short Observations on Slavery (1783). A valuable tool for scholars and students of African American history, slavery studies, and the Revolutionary era, The Complete Antislavery Writings of Anthony Benezet, 1754--1783 demonstrates the prevailing impact of the foremost pioneer in American abolitionism.


Two new species are described, Mexobisium armasi and M. sierramaestrae, both from Oriente province. In addition, a new form from Isla de Pinos is noted (tritonymph only) but not described.


Autonomous map construction is one of the most fundamental and significant issues for intelligent mobile robots. While a variety of construction methods have been proposed, most of them are dependent on the quantitative sensor information and accurate physical models for estimating the positions and directions of the external objects and robot itself. This paper proposes a new map construction method based on rough information of "how often two objects are observed simultaneously" . This method is founded on the combination of a simple and general heuristics-"closely located objects are likely to be seen simultaneously more often than distant objects" and a well-known technique in the multivariate data analysis-Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) . A significant feature of this method is that it requires little quantitative models nor precise sensor information, unlike conventional map construction methods. Simulation and experiment results suggest that this method is sufficiently practical for grasping a topological configuration of identifiable landmarks quickly.


Shams and Peter F. BarnesStephen E. Weis, Buka Samten, Hassan Safi, Homayoun Ramakrishna Vankayalapati, Peter Klucar, Benjamin Wizel,http://www.jimmunol.org/content/172/1/130J Immunol€2004; 172:130-137; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/172/1/130.full#ref-list-1This article cites 45 articles, 32 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai.org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:


CYP11B1-NULL MOUSE A MODEL OF CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA Linda J Mullins, Audrey Peter, Nicola Wrobel, Judith R McNeilly Alan S McNeilly, Emad AS Al-Dujaili, David G Brownstein, John J Mullinsand Christopher J Kenyon From Centres for Cardiovascular Science and Reproductive Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom Running head: Cyp11b1 null mice model CAH Address correspondence to CJ Kenyon, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Fax :0044 131 242 6779; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Nanocomposites based on SnO2 with carbon scaffold were used as highly porous anode films on Ni substrates. The films were obtained by in situ deposition of the particles without any binder or excess carbon black avoiding any secondary treatment. Compared to similarly prepared uncoated SnO2 nanoparticles as well as conventionally prepared powder samples the capacity loss of the in situ deposited nanocomposite films is significantly reduced. Thus, this newly developed anode material combined with in situ film formation is a promising approach for high capacity anodes in Li‐ion batteries.


MIRANDA, Mauro Morais de Miranda, M.Sc.,Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Fevereiro of 2008. Extensão do meta-modelo RAS para adição de suporte de Sistemas Multi-Agentes à Redes de Compartilhamento de Componentes de Software. Advisor: Alcione de Paiva Oliveira. CoAdvisors: Vladimir Oliveira Di Iorio and José Luis Braga. The main objective of the use of software components is the increase in reuse, which leads to increased productivity by using pre-existing components, with higher reliability, greater ease of management and the standardization of development. The process of developing software based components significantly modifies the traditional process of development, introducing new features. The focus is the integration of components, where architectural issues are considered in more rigorous ways, requiring an effort in requirements, testing and integration of components. The Object Management Group (OMG) felt that the first step to be taken would be to define the structure of a software component, not in technological terms, but from the perspective of meta-information it should have and how it should be structured so that component is easily used, suggesting the set of meta-information Reusable Asset Specification (RAS). The goal of this project is to develop a components ontology in order to extend the range of meta-information RAS, creating a repository of components enabling one to specify and develop a system with multiagente mechanisms and patterns, where its agents can manage, catalog, organize and search components of software in order to promote the effective reuse and increase the efficiency and productivity of software development.


Abstract: Future prize-winning writer Chava Rosenfarb was seventeen years old when she was incarcerated in the Łódź ghetto. In 1972, she published The Tree of Life [Der boym fun lebn] (1972), a fictional chronicle of that experience of the Holocaust. In this three-volume epic novel, Rosenfarb narrates and interlaces the fates of ten Jewish families from pre-war Poland in 1939 to the liquidation of the ghetto in 1944. The "Tree of Life" is revealed to be the name given by the "ghettoniks" to an iconic cherry tree that stands in the shared backyard of a group of apartment complexes inhabited by many of the protagonists in the ghetto. Far from being an anecdotal presence, the cherry tree becomes the center of Rosenfarb's reflections on the impacts of the environment on one's physical and mental health. In this article, The Tree of Life is analyzed from an ecocritical perspective to examine the interconnections between genocidal intent and environmental precariousness. The first part considers the perpetration angle of the Łódź ghetto establishment as a Nazi tool of ecological violence through its excessive economic program of forced labour and its structural health determinants leading to epidemics. We will then investigate the characters' attempts to reconnect to nature through tangible acts of agency (the development of small gardens to grow one's own food) and symbolism (the cherry tree evoking the freedom of the outside world). The purpose of this article is to explore the links between genocide and ecocide within the framework of literary memory, while appreciating the relevance of Chava Rosenfarb's representations of the Holocaust to our era of renewed ecological awareness.


This paper proposes an integrated appraoch to discrete time modelling in finance and insurance. This approach is based on the existence of a specific benchmark portfolio, known as the growth optimal portfolio. When used as numeraire, this portfolio ensures that all benchmarked price processes are super-martingales. A fair market is characterized in terms of the type of maximum that the optimal growth rate attains. In general, arbitrage amounts arise due to supermartingale property of benchmarked traded prices. No measure transformation is needed for the pricing of insurance policies and derivatives in a fair market.


This study aims to determine the effect of Liquidity, Leverage, Profitability and the Independent Commissioner of Tax Agresiveness Company at manufacture companies which listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population on this research is all manufacture company in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012 - 2014. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The analytical tool was used is Multiple Regression Analysis Partial results of this study show the leverage of significant positive effect on tax agresiveness while variable liquidity, profitability and the independent commissioner doesn't affect the tax agresiveness. Keywords: Liquidity, Leverage, Profitability, Independent Comissioner, Tax Agresiveness


Based on the Characteristics of supercritical fluid,the recent development of CSFC in apparatus and application was introduced in this paper.The developping future was also discussed.


Background: The frequency of the complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the two-incision technique is well documented. However, few reports have analyzed the preoperative patient–related factors associated with the complications. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of early complications following primary two-incision THA and to define the risk factors associated with perioperative complications. Materials and Methods: The subjects of this retrospective study were 1218 consecutive patients who underwent primary two-incision THA. The incidence of hip dislocation, stem subsidence, intraoperative femoral fracture, and nontraumatic postoperative femoral fracture was evaluated. The association between complications and preoperative patient–related factors, including gender, obesity, Crowe classification, age, body mass index (BMI), and morphological parameters of the proximal femoral medullary cavity, were investigated. Results: The incidences of complications were dislocation (1.1%), stem subsidence (0.9%), intraoperative femoral fracture (1.2%), and postoperative femoral fracture (0.7%). Obesity (BMI > 30) influenced the occurrences of stem subsidence and postoperative femoral fractures (p = 0.0001, p = 0.019). Crowe classification significantly correlated with intraoperative femoral fractures (Grade II: odds ratio (OR) 4.63, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32–15.6; Grade III and IV: OR 8.96, 95% CI, 2.2–34.94). Additionally, the outer diameter of the femur 10 cm below the lesser trochanter tended to be small in patients who developed a femoral fracture. Conclusions: The early complication rate was comparable to other methods used in uncemented THA. It is necessary for patients with risk factors revealed in this study to pay careful attention or consider other surgical approaches to avoid complications. Further studies considering femur morphology are required.


This paper depicts an experimental validation and simulation for speed control under load and no load conditions. It delineates the detail study of a closed loop vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor drive. This system consists of two loops for smooth speed tracking as well as reduced torque undulation. PMSM drives facilitate better dynamic responses during both steady state and dynamic conditions by monitoring the component of torque current. The resistive loads are varied and resultant speed and torque are studied. Experimental work has been performed on PMSM drives under different conditions and results are compared with conventional PI and Fuzzy logic controller.


In this paper, we consider the change request data collected from the system test of a large-scale telecommunication software and analyze the types and causes of failures. And we develop statistical models that incorporate a functional relation between the faults and some software metrics. To this end, we consider three possible regression models including a stepwise regression model and two nonlinear models. Three developed models are evaluated with respect to the predictive quality. We also discuss the advantage of proposed models and the application of our model to a new project.


Abstract This paper presents an experimental study on the effective use of high calcium fly ash (HCFA) and dolomite powder in geopolymer mortar (GPM) and concrete. Trail HCFA GPM mixes were made with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% dolomite powder. The alkaline liquids used for polymerization are sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). To prepare different mixes, 8 M, 10 M, 12 M and 14 M concentration of NaOH solution, NaOH to sodium silicate ratio 2.5 and liquid to binder ratio 0.5 were selected. Ambient temperature was used to cure the specimens. Test results show that HCFA GPM mix with 20% dolomite powder and 14 M NaOH concentration yielded remarkably higher compressive strength with 41.95 MPa at 28 days than the other mixes. Further, experimental work on HCFA geopolymer concrete (GPC) using 20% dolomite powder demonstrated more excellent strength properties than those demonstrated by control mix cement concrete.


One kind or dissipate heat from the transfer device mounted on the electronic devices within the housing unit described herein. Housing means including a first fastener portion having a cover member and a second fastener having a base portion. Further comprising a base for supporting the electronic components are mounted a printed circuit board (PCB) support structure. Fins disposed within the base. A first fastener portion and second fastener portion and the lid are locked together the base, wherein the heat sink and the printed circuit board is mounted between the support structure and the cover.


On the basis of analyzing the completeness of emergency plan for environmental pollution accidents,an evaluating index system for the completeness evaluation of emergency plan was established,which includes the fundamental state of enterprise,potential accidental risk,precaution and early warning,emergency response and emergency indemnification.The completeness of 120 companies' emergency plans for environmental pollution accidents from 2006 to 2008 in Shanghai city was evaluated with this index system.The results indicated that the completeness of enterprise emergency plan for environmental pollution accidents were poor on the whole;there is a big difference in the completeness among different enterprises,and the better were less;at the same time,there was a large difference in the percentage among different designed indexes.Finally,some suggestions were proposed.


Many social and environmental changes emerged by the increasing of the number of the aged to entrance the aged society. This study explored the current supply status on Contents Technology R&D(research and development) of CT ministries and market policies(senior friendly industry) targeting to elderly consumers and the needs and demand of elderly generation to knowledge information technology. In, 2008, Ministries announced the sixth category of CT R&D`s fundamental planning. The `public culture service` to elderly and handicapped person is one of CT R&D category. This study investigated the information technology participation(internet participation rate, blog and internet cafe commitment) and contents technology to the elderly. The research indicated the desired needs of elderly consumers are creativity contents, emotional & experience and communication needs. These three factors of CT R&D to elderly consumers meets the needs non-game factors such as health, economic stability and information seeking in entertainment game.


This paper analyses a recent public policy decision and the crucial role played by the choice of the functional form. The break-up of the Bell System is indeed a classic case of anti-trust settlement, and constitutes one of the most prominent and controversial applications of microeconomics to public policy. It is argued that demanding multi-output cost properties, such as economies of scope for this is the considerable robustness problem displayed by the tranlog cost functional form. The reason for this is the considerable able to robustness problem displayed by the translog cost function, which is the source underlying many of the 'expert disagreements'. It is suggested that the non-robustness is due to what ils termed the 'Flip-Flop' property, and it is shown that the available empirical evidence from the pre-divestiture Bell-System supports this argument. To obtain robust results, we propose that the analysis is constrained to the proper region of the cost function. We propose that the analysis is con...


Homelessness is a public health problem. From rising housing costs to discriminatory lending and leasing, natural disasters, and mental illness, homelessness has many different causes and many similar effects: serious adverse consequences for physical and mental health across the life course. This chapter makes the case for homelessness as a public health problem, with chronic homelessness as scope of focus for this book. This chapter then introduces the main question of the book: If municipalities are the site of the U.S. homeless epidemic, what are municipal governments doing to address homelessness, and why? This chapter then outlines the role of governance structures in shaping municipal approaches to chronic homelessness, describes the governance system responsible for designing and delivering solutions to homelessness and chronic homelessness in the United States, and the history of homeless policy in America. Finally, this chapter lays the roadmap for the book and subsequent chapters.


Objective and background: Violence necessitating legal intervention is a common occurrence in the USA. Such legal intervention may include the use of firearms by law enforcement personnel. However, very little is known about such firearm related injuries necessitating medical care. The objective of the present study is to characterize the burden in terms of mortality and emergency department charges of firearm related interventions requiring ED care in USA. Further we sought to identify high-risk cohorts for such injuries. Methods: A nationwide (USA) emergency department sample for the year 2008 through 2010 was used for the present study. All patients treated in an emergency department (ED) due to firearm injuries by law enforcement personnel were selected for analysis. Outcomes examined including mortality in the ED and ED charges. Findings: There were 6144 ED visits due to firearm injuries caused by law enforcement. The mean age was 33 years. Most patients (69.1%) resided in geographic regions designated as low income areas, and the vast majority were males (91.8%). Many patients (39%) were uninsured. For those with insurance, payers included Medicare (5%), Medicaid (13.5%), private (26.5%), and other insurance (15.6%). Following an ED visit 56.9% were discharged as routine, 25.5% were admitted as inpatients, 3.5% were transferred to another short-term hospital, and 2.8% were transferred to a long-term facility. 338 patients died in the ED and 102 patients died following admission as an inpatient. The mean ED charge was US$3631 and total ED charges across the USA was US$12.8 million. Hospitalization and rehabilitation charges were not assessed in this study. Young adults, males, uninsured, and those residing in low-income areas were identified as the high-risk groups involved in firearm related injuries delivered by legal personnel. Nearly 390 children were involved in such injuries. Discussion: Our study offers initial insights into a complex, important, and not an uncommon problem facing the public. Preventive measures and alternative protective strategies should be considered in the high risk cohorts, especially for children. Language: en


De-noising of the raw vibration signal is essential requirement to improve the accuracy and efficiency of any fault diagnosis of method. In many cases the noise signal is even stronger than the actual signal, so it is important to have such system in which noise elimination can be done effectively, there are many time domain and frequency domain methods are already available, where use of wavelet as time-frequency domain method in the field of de-noising the vibration signal is relatively new, it gives multi resolution analysis in both is timefrequency domain. In this paper various conventional thresholding methods based on discrete wavelet transform are compared with adaptive thresholding method and Penalized thresholding method for the de-noising of vibration signal of rotating machine. Signal to noise ratio (SNR), root mean square error (RMSE) in between denoised signal with original signal are used as an indicator for selecting the effective thesholding method. Keyword: De-noising, DWT, SNR, RMSE I.INTRODUCTION In fault diagnosis of machine various parameters are being monitored in, like vibration, temperature, motor current, acoustic emission etc. In witch vibration signal plays important role in condition monitoring of the machine, it is used to detects different types of fault like gear fault, rotor fault, bearing fault, air gap eccentricity fault in rotating machine [1].When the machine is operated under the normal condition the vibration is small and constant however when fault is developed, some of the dynamic process in the machine will change and so as to the vibration pattern. Vibration signal carries dynamic information of machine so it is essential to make sure that signal should be free from noise. Vibration signal is recorded from machine but due to harmonics of fault frequency and the noise characteristic frequency and fault frequency is lost. Thus an efficient de-noising method is required before analyzing the signal for the characteristic and fault frequency retrieval. An availability of different thresholding technique and time-frequency representation capability of wavelet, enable it to separate the noise from the signal [2]. In present work section II gives a description of the DWT. Section III discuss about the de-nosing method using DWT. Detail of experimental set-up in section IV. Final discussion and conclusion is in section V and section VI II.DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORMS (DWT) A Fourier analysis consists in breaking up a signal in to a sign waves with different frequencies. Similarly a wavelet analysis is the breaking-up of a signal into shifted and scaled version of function called mother wavelet, where DWT is discrete in terms of sampling scaling and shifting parameters not in signal, quick way of obtaining a DWT is to use filter bank of low pass and high pass filter which is followed by down sampling to compute approximate and detail coefficient where approximate is low pass filtered and detail is high pass filter which is derived from mother wavelet, same process is continue with the approximate low frequency coefficient to increase the level of decomposition by breaking it up in approximate and detail part. The shape and the frequency response of these filter depends on the type and order of mother wavelet used in analysis [3][4][8]. A. Selection of mother wavelet It is very essential to choose a suitable wavelet for the vibration signal, which provides the best correlation under the decomposition and de-nosing process, based on DWT. For this a number of wavelet are used to decompose the signal one by one and the variance of corresponding sub band coefficient are calculated and compared to select suitable wavelet as per the highest value of the variance. A raw vibration signals are recorded from the surface of the machine under normal and fault condition, six RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Mr. Arun Kumar Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 8( Version 2), August 2014, pp.18-21 www.ijera.com 19 | P a g e level of discrete wavelet transform is used to decompose the signal in approximate and details coefficient. Variance of all the approximate and detail coefficient are calculated there after sum and averaged. The decomposition process with calculating average variance is repeated for different wavelets [5]. Finally wavelet with highest value of variance of the detail coefficient is selected as most suitable wavelet for the analysis vibration signal. Average variance of different wavelet are listed in table 1. It is observed from the table.1 that "Symlet-8" (sym8) is the most suitable wavelet, producing highest average variance of 4.0329. It is also observe from the experiment that reconstruction error of 3.19E-10 using same wavelet. III.DWT based De-noising Discrete wavelet transform perform automatic de-noising of signal, based on soft and hard thresholding algorithm, a hard thresholding method is based on "keep or kill" method whereas soft thresholding is alternative to this[6][7], in which coefficients above the threshold value are shrunk and amount of shrinking is equal to threshold to keep input and output continuous, there are many threshold decision algorithm like Rigrouse Sure, Minmaxi, Huersure. These algorithms are used in wavelet based de-nosing method to remove the noise with respect to calculated threshold value. Present work made a comparison between all the conventional threshoding method of DWT using automatic denosing method with penalised and adaptive thresolding method. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) root mean square error (RMSE) and cross correlation are used to evaluate result of noise reduction, which is the measure of closeness of denoised signal to the original signal V.Experimental setup Figure .1 A test bench set-up The test set up referred here and standard set of data is collected from the test setup prepared by vibration data center "case wastern reserve university" consists of a 2 hp motor (left) running at the speed of 1797rpm, a torque transducer/encoder (center), a dynamometer (right), and control electronics (not shown). The test bearings support the motor shaft. Vibration data was collected using accelerometers, which were attached to the housing with magnetic bases. Accelerometers were placed at the 12 o"clock position at both the drive end and fan end of the motor housing. During some experiments, an accelerometer was attached to the motor supporting base plate as well. Vibration signals were collected using a 16 channel DAT recorder, and were post processed in a Matlab environment. All data files are in Matlab (*.mat) format. Digital data was collected at 12,000 samples per second, Speed and horsepower data were collected using the torque transducer/encoder and were recorded by hand. The test bench set-up is shown in the figure.1. IV.DISCUSSION A Hard thresolding method based on "keep and kill" techniques is also implemented and tested to remove impusive noise from vibration signal as reported in[5]. It is observed from the result of implementation that the RMSE between original signal and noisy signal is 0.0543 and RMSE between original signal and de-noised signal is 0.0123, giving an improvement of 77%, but same method cannot make any considerable change in the indicators, because it is unable remove the white noise. All wavelet based thresoding method along with peanalized thresholding method are compared with adaptive thresolding method in present work. Input SNR between original signal and noise signal is 10DB and RMSE between original signal and noisy signal is 0.3161. the output SNR and RMSE is compared in table 2. The original signal and denoised signal are shown in figure.2, figure.3 showing cross-correlation between original signal and denoised signal for different thresholding method VI.CONCLUSION A suitable mother wavelet selection method for vibration signal analysis is implemented in present work. The DWT based different conventional thresholding methods are compared with the adaptive thresholding method. The indicator such as root mean square error (RMSE) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) are used to evaluate the result. The result of comparison and their outcomes are listed in table II. In which a panelized thresholding method showing, highest noise reduction capability with highest SNR 6.45DB and lowest RMSE 0.1897.The percentage reduction in RMSE is 40%. Mr. Arun Kumar Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 8( Version 2), August 2014, pp.18-21 www.ijera.com 20 | P a g e Figure 2. a) Original signal b) Signal with noise Figure 3.Denoised Signal with noise Figure 4. Crosscorrelation of denosed signal with original signal using (a)minmaxi (b) heuresure (c) panelized thresolding. Table1. Average variance of detail coefficient Wavelet average varriance Variance of the detail coefficient


A majority of adultery cases studied in this article involved killing of the adulteress' husband. A small minority of cases involved killing of the adulteress. Hardly any case involved killing of the adulterer. This paper argues that the reason underlying these homicides as a consequence of illicit sexual relationships is an imbalanced sex ratio in late imperial China — women were "undersupplied." With fewer women, only men with resources could marry; poor men could not afford a wife. Hence there may have been fierce competition among men. Those unmarried may have tried to "steal" other people's wives by having illicit sexual relationships. Eventually, killing the adulteress' husband may have provided a way out of the marriage for women who could not ask for a divorce under normal circumstances.


The role of adhesion promoters, copper oxidation, and thermal aging in the adhesion mechanism of enamel on copper winding wires is investigated. Evidence is presented on the predominant role of the copper oxide at the interface in the wire–enamel adhesion phenomena. The oxidation process and the copper oxides stability at the interface are seen to strongly depend upon the thermal aging of the wire and the nature of both the enamel and the promoter. Atomic force and scanning electron microscopy analyses show that so-called promoters act more efficiently as corrosion inhibitors than as adhesion enhancers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 952–958, 2003


In a laboratory incubation experiment, Eisenia foetida was used to treat cassava dregs, a kind of tropical agricultural solid waste, and the growth and reproduction of earthworms, the physicochemical properties of mixed waste before and after treatment were studied, to find the best ecological conditions of E. foetida in vermicomposting system. The results showed that the combination of laterite and cassava dregs was conducive for growth and reproduction of E. foetida,especially when the ratio of laterite and cassava dregs was 3∶7, E. foetida had the best growth and reproduction performance.In addition, the growth and reproduction of E. foetida in all treatments had a clear relationship with environmental conditions. Under the conditions of 25℃, moisture content of 70%, pH values of 7.9 and density of inoculation of 10 ind/60g(dry weight), E. foetida had the best growth and reproductive rate. E. foetida had good effect on this kind of tropical agricultural waste, the contents of available nitrogen and available phosphorus significantly increased after treatment by E.foetida.


The mitral PCG (phonocardiogram) sounds of a patient who has a mechanical valve prosthesis is compared with PCG sounds from a control group consisting of normal subjects, with particular emphasis on the frequency variation. All heart sounds have similar distribution of resonance frequencies in the passband of the amplifier, irrespective of the heart valve, i.e. whether it is natural or prosthetic. A significant difference, however, exists between the normals' and the patient's PCGs as far as the distribution of energy among modes is concerned. In normal PCGs most of the energy is confined to the lowest frequency mode, whereas in the PCG from a patient with a prosthetic valve implant, the most significant component is at 274 Hz.<<ETX>>


ABSTRACT This essay examines the memoir as a viable educational tool. By means of a case study of an undergraduate interdisciplinary seminar, the author argues that a self-conscious assessment of disciplinary assumptions and an awareness of the affective aspects of the practice of life writing are important factors to consider for memoir pedagogies.


The article aims to clarify a number of the most significant provisions, studies of giftedness in its connection with the problems of the environment. This is an analysis of the role of the environment in terms of its impact on gifted children, and the study of various approaches to the development of strategies and specific techniques for the development of giftedness. The author substantiates the proposition that one of the most promising areas for the development of a methodical apparatus for working with gifted children is the direction associated with the creation of a developing environment, more specifically, the development of communicative environment (DCE). Keywords—Giftedness; programs for the development of gifted children; development of communicative environment (DCE); creation of DCE; properties of DCE; DCE functions


In this paper, a specific heat and mass transfer case between three components is considered, namely the heat and mass transfer of the suspension of solids particulates in air, in short a mixture, and the third heat carrier (gaseous or liquid) separated by the wall. Actually, this is a heat transfer between three heat carriers: a convection heat-and mass transfer between solid particulates and air as a conveying medium and a conduction heat transfer of this mixture with the third heat carrier through the wall.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


In this paper, we study a class of Finsler metric in the form F=αexp(β/α)+εβ, where α is a Riemannian metric and β is a 1-form, ε is a constant. We call F exponential Finsler metric. We proved that exponential Finsler metric F is locally projectively flat if and only if α is projectively flat and β is parallel with respect to α. Moreover, we proved that the Douglas tensor of exponential Finsler metric F vanishes if and only if β is parallel with respect to α. And from this fact, we get that if exponential Finsler metric F is the Douglas metric, then F is not only a Berwald metric, but also a Landsberg metric.


In order to focus on the diverse culture value of the novelists in the 1990s of China and with the help of the globalization theory and the self-identity theory, the diverse culture self-identity and culture choice determine the diverse ideal culture value.The novelists,on one hand,feel ill at ease for the abandonment of past self,on the other hand,wait with complex feelings for the external unable to extricate themselves form the cultural value tramp, which holistically shows a illegibility state.


The final graduate research project aims to develop a service proposal focused in a productive tool for diversifying economy in Hualtaco, Huaquillas, El Oro province. First of all, tourism is part of this service proposal as a productive tool for economic revival in this sector. Secondly, this touristic product proposal is based on a microcircuit called "La Travesia del Manglar". This microcircuit promotes a different touristic offer with tourist facilities, incredible natural and unique cultural tourist attractions in the coastal region of Ecuador. On the other hand, this project has used a specific research process: Descriptive research Qualitative methodology Semi-structured interviews the interviews aim at territorial technicians, local people and local partners As a result of this research is that one of the mayors and authorities objectives is to prioritize tourism, taking advantage of the identified tourist potential for the benefit of Hualtaco. Similarly, the actors identified in the research formed by the population and local partners, accept tourism as an alternative to diversify the production of the sector. Finally, for this reason this service proposal has a significant level of importance for this sector because it will promote an economic recovery. Also, this project unifies the identified local actors with the touristic potential in Hualtaco.


Oxygenated and reduced selenium and tellurium compounds, particularly thoese of practical importance have been extensively investigated especially during the last few decades. Selenium(IV) oxide, selenoxides, selenones, seleninic and peroxyseleninic acids, selenenamides and seleninamides are involved in oxyfunctionalization of unsaturated hydrocarbons, their derivatives, alkylarenes, sulfides and amines, carbon-oxygen and carbon-carbon bond cleavage, ring closure and ring transformations, syn-elimination, sigmatropic [2,3]-rearrangement and other, chemo- regio- and stereocontrolled reactions. The chemistry of oxygenated tellurium compounds has been less extensively explored than their selenium counterparts;, nevertheless some of them have been successfully used for oxyfunctionalization of different groups of organic compounds while telluroxide elimination has gained more attention in the last years becoming a well-established method for the synthesis of olefins. Hydrogen selenide and telluride, alkali selenides and tellurides, selenoles and telluroles are the most common reduced derivative of these elements. Their properties are expressed in many reactions such as reduction and deoxygenation of different groups of organic compounds alkenes, alkynes, ethers, carbonyl compounds, esters, lactones, oxiranes, nitrogen, sulfur and halogen compounds, as well as dealkylation of tertiary amines. The method for preparation of the different oxygenated and reduced selenium and tellurium compounds are described, their reactions are reviewed, their usefulness in synthesis is indicated and more representative mechanisms are discussed.

Keywords:

organoselenium compounds;
organotellurium compounds;
oxidation;
reduction;
selenides;
selenium dioxide;
tellurides;
tellurium dioxide


We report the discovery in near-infrared (NIR) with SofI at the New Technology Telescope (NTT) of a resolved circumstellar dust disk around a 2MASS source at the periphery of the ρ Ophiuchi dark cloud. We present follow-up observations in J, H, and Ks bands, obtained with ISAAC at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) under 0.″4 seeing conditions, which unveil a dark dust lane oriented east-west between two characteristic northern and southern reflection nebulae. This new circumstellar dust disk has a radius of 2.″15 (300 AU at 140 pc) and a width of 1.″2 (170 AU at 140 pc). Thanks to its location at the periphery of the dense cores, it suffers small foreground visual extinction (AV = 2.1 ± 2.6 mag). Although this disk is seen close to edge-on, the two reflection nebulae display very different colors. We introduce a new NIR data visualization called "pixel NIR color mapping" (PICMap for short), which allows us to visualize directly the NIR colors of the nebula pixels. Thanks to this method, we identify a ridge, 0.″3 (40 AU at 140 pc) to the north of the dark lane and parallel to it, that displays an NIR color excess. This ridge corresponds to an unusual increase of brightness from J to Ks, which is also visible in the NTT observations obtained 130 days before the VLT ones. We also find that the northern nebula shows ~3 mag more extinction than the southern nebula. We compute axisymmetric disk models to reproduce the VLT scattered-light images and the spectral energy distribution from optical to NIR. Our best model, with a disk inclination i = 86° ± 1°, correctly reproduces the extension of the southern reflection nebula, but it is not able to reproduce either the observed NIR color excess in the northern nebula or the extinction difference between the two reflection nebulae. We discuss the possible origin of the peculiar, asymmetrical NIR color properties of this object.


Pre-service and in-service teacher training systems are presently working in Pakistan. Here in this research in-service system is evaluated. Objective of the study was to diagnose the impact of in-service teacher training on the performance level of secondary science teachers. The performance level of teachers was evaluated by assessing their working style, use of laboratory for science teaching, use of modern strategies for science teaching and use of other A.V.Aids in teaching of science.  For this purpose, a sample 62 head teachers from two districts (Abbottabad and Mansehra) of Hazara Division. For data collection a five point rating scale was developed to explore the nature of in-service training and its effect on professional competence of science teachers. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Descriptive data analysis techniques were used to address the designed objectives and hypotheses. Data analyses revealed that in-service teacher training programs have significant impact on the professional competence of science teachers at secondary level. Furthermore, results showed that teachers having in-service teacher training sessions perform better than untrained teachers in the use of laboratory for science teaching, attitude and competence development. Key Words: in-service training, Secondary level, Professional competence


Brazil has a long tradition of bioethanol production from sugarcane. Following the Middle East crisis in the 1970s, the oil price increased twofold, doubling Brazil's spending on oil imports. As a result, the country had to find an alternative type of fuel to reduce its expenditure on conventional petrol fuels. With its vast tropical land conditions, the Brazilian government then put massive effort to establish the infrastructure and research of bioethanol from 1975 and 1989. Research plays a pivotal role in the success of Brazil's ethanol industry. The country was heavily criticised at the beginning of the programme, but today, Brazil is the second-largest ethanol producer after the USA. Brazil produces the cheapest ethanol in the world and does not depend on fossil fuel to supply its energy demand. Indonesia and Brazil share the same landscape and geographical advantages. This paper aims to discuss the success of the Brazilian bioethanol industry and draw important lessons from it. In a nutshell, Indonesia should increase bioethanol production from renewable sources. Also, the modernization of distilleries facilities, the establishment of new production plants, the introduction of subsidies and the reduction of taxes for ethanol producers are needed. In summary, apart from massive research and development, we concluded that effective and strong long-term government commitment play important role in shaping the future of the Indonesian bioethanol industry.


Objective To investigate the prevalence and co-morbidity of the main symptoms of out-patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).Methods One hundred and five patients who consult in Peking University People's Hospital and Aerospace Centeral Hospital for vaginal prolapse or urine incontinence from November 2009 to April 2010 were analyzed retrospectively using the questionnaire interview and pelvic examination with POP-Q stages. Results The average age of these out-patients was (62.4 ± 13.3) years old,most of them were from 70 to 79 years old. Incidence of anterior vaginal wall prolapse,uterine prolapse and posterior vaginal wall prolapse were 90.4%,77.2%,and 68.3%,respectively. The common symptoms were urinary incontinence (UI,81.9%),mass prolapse from vagina (74.3%),micturition (70.5%) and urinary incompletability (54.3%). The data showed that constipation,abdominal tenesmus and fecal incontinence were also common symptoms in outpatients (52.4%,45.7% and 20%,respectively). Incidence of organ prolapse complicated with UI was in 60%,UI complicated with constipation was 45.7%. For mild patients (stageⅠ+Ⅱ),the common symptoms were stress urinary incontinence (53.3%) and constipation (27.8%). As for severe patient (stageⅢ+Ⅳ),the common symptoms were fecal incontinence (85.7%),prolapse feeling (79.2%) and constipation(72.2%).Conclusions Anterior vaginal wall prolapse and uterine prolapse are more common in outpatients with POP. The common symptoms are urinary incontinence,tissue prolapse,frequent micturition,urinary incompletability,constipation and lower abdomen tenesmus.


Objective To investigate the clinical curative effect of the modified surgery of Transverse H Incision Technique at the corpus uteri with lesions supplemented with the Lump-dissolving and Pains-Relieving Capsule in treating adenomyosis.Methods Thirty-eight female patients with adenomyosis were selected and divided randomly into two groups: 20 patients were treated only by the modified surgery of Transverse H Incision Technique,18 cases combined the modified surgery with the traditional Chinese medicine.Traditional Chinese medicine of Lump-dissolving and Pains-relieving Capsules were added to the latter group for 3 months as routine therapy after the modified surgery.Compare the curative effect of the two groups from the symptom of dysmenorrhea,the reducted menstrual volume of menorrhagia,the womb size,the level of blood serum CA125,and IL-6 were examined before and after therapy.Results The comparation of the symptom of dysmenorrhea,the reducted menstrual volume of menorrhagia,the womb size between two groups showed significant statastical difference(P0.05),the level of blood serum CA125 and IL-6 in the group with traditional Chinese medicine dropped sharply after treatment,and there were significant difference between the data from the two groups(P0.05). Conclusions The clinical curative effect of the group treated by both the modified surgery of Transverse H Incision Technique and the traditional Chinese medicine has advantages in raising the clinical cure rate and relieving the clinical symptoms.


T m patient, a lean, spare-built man of 48, was admitted to the Miller Hospital on Jail. 1, 1928, on account of a recent hzcmoptysis. He said that he liad always enjoyed good health and had never been ab f h i i work through illness. Early in December, 1927, he developed a slight cough, and shortly after Christmas lie expectorated a very small quantity of blood mixed with sputum. Three days later he Elad a more definite h:Emoptysis which, thougli not severe, was sufficierit to alarm him, and he came to hospital for advice and was admittcd for observation. After a few days the hiemorrhage had entirely ceased, but he continued to expectorate a fair aniount of nunimular sputum. No tubercle bacilli were foilrid in this on two separate examinations. There was no dyspna'a or cyanosis, nor did he appear in any way distressed. At the base of thc right lung behind there was marked dullness, with diminished tactile fremitiis and vocal resonance, and weak bronchial breathing; a few fine r21es were audible at the end of inspiration. The physical signs on the left side of the chest were normal. On screening the chest the movements of the diaphragm were seen to be restricted on the right side, translucence at the base of the right lung being diminished. The skiagram (Fig. 180) showed a definite opacity at the right base. A subsequent skiagram taken after intratracheal injection of 25 C.C. of lipiodol (Fig. 190) gave a characteristic picture of a localized broncliiectasis in the right lower lobe, the appearances in the right upper zone and in the whole of the left lung being normal. In view of tlie fact that the disease was thus definitely unilateral and localized, this was thought to be an idcal case for evulsion of the phrenic nerve. which operation was accordingly performed on Jan. 30 under local anzsthesia, 8; inches of thc nerve being removed. The patient was in no way distressed at tlie time of the operation, which was a perfectly straightforward one, the phrenic nerve being found without difficulty in the normal anatomical situation. His condition remained quite satisfactory for the rest of the day, and throughout the following day until about 10 p.m., when the tcmperature, which had been norinal after the operation, rose to loo", and the pulse-rate increased to 120. At 4 a.m. on Feb. 1 the temperature rose suddenly to 104' ( F i g . IN), and he complained of severe pain in the right side and became ASSISTAST SlTRGEON, &TILLXI3 CENEBAI. HOEPITAL, LONDON.


General Editor: John C. Collins London: E. & F. N. Spon Ltd. Pp. xxi + 239. Price 55s. The continuing accumulation of fission products and other noxious substances released through the exploitation of nuclear energy raises a difficulty rather like that which confronted the aborigine who, having received a new boomerang for his birthday, spent the rest of his life trying to get rid of the old one. Pollution of the environment is a nuisance that has been with us since coal began to be used as a fuel seven centuries ago.


We examined whether insulin‐resistant lipodystrophic HIV‐infected patients with known high fasting prehepatic insulin secretion rates (FISRs) displayed alterations in first‐phase prehepatic insulin response to intravenous glucose (ISREG0–10min).


The invention discloses a somatosensory interactive system. The somatosensory interactive system comprises a video collecting device which is used for capturing dance actions of a user, the video collecting device is connected with a video collecting card which is used for transforming dance action analog signals shot by the video collecting device to digital signals, the video collecting card is connected with an action processing module which is used for compressing and encoding the digital signals output by the video collecting card into digital videos and recording the beautiful dance postures after analytically processing dance postures, the action processing module is connected with a main control server, the main control server is connected with an image generating module, the image generating module is connected with a projector, and a projection screen supporting the use of the projector display contrast images to a user. According to the somatosensory interactive system, by recording the beautiful dance postures, dance postures captured in real time are compared with the beautiful dance postures recorded before, the contrast result is presented to the user in a graph form, and the user is helped to correct the dance postures in real time.


Han Yu is one of "the five gentlemen",whose thought and views on literature were respected and accepted by Zhu Xi.As far as thought is concerned,Zhu Xi accepted Han Yu's view of Tao(道统),Character(心性观)and "Shi Tao"(师道)to different degrees.As for literature,Zhu Xi accepted Han Yu's views to a greater degree,and he especially made full affirmation of Han Yu's prose creation.However,he was quite negative and critical about Han Yu's character.Zhu Xi's double identities and achievements can be clearly seen from his acceptation of Han Yu in various aspects,which indicates that Zhu Xi is a writer with a neo-Confucianism identity.


Traditionally regarded as a hospital-associated bacterium, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) now commonly causes community-onset infections. MRSA colonizes some asymptomatic children who carry the bacteria in sites including the skin, nose, throat, and gastrointestinal tract. Nationwide, the proportion of MRSA carriers is increasing, as is the number of children suffering from MRSA infections. As a result, hospitals are admitting more children who are colonized or infected with MRSA. As public awareness of MRSA grows, national organizations and some state legislatures now recommend screening to identify MRSA carriers in high-risk environments. Unfortunately, little data is available to guide pediatricians in effective and appropriate MRSA screening strategies.


The motivation of the Papillon project is to encourage the development of freely accessible Multilingual Lexical Resources by way of online collaborative work on the Internet. For this, we developed a generic community website originally dedicated to the diffusion and the development of a particular acception based multilingual lexical database.

The generic aspect of our platform allows its use for the development of other lexical databases. Adapting it to a new lexical database is a matter of description of its structures and interfaces by way of XML files. In this paper, we show how we already adapted it to other very different lexical databases. We also show what future developments should be done in order to gather several lexical databases developers in a common network.


The etiology of idiopathic scoliosis is unknown. Several experimental methods have been devised to support the theory that the cause is failure of synchronous development of the cartilaginous plates of the body and peniosteal bone of the arches. Engel embedded radium pellets near the body ofthe vertebrae. Arkin used I ,000 rads of roentgen irradiation to produce wedging in lumbar vertebrae. Haas and Bisgard produced scoliosis by surgical destruction of the epiphysis on one side of the vertebnae, and Nachlas and Borden introduced a wire staple anchored in adjoining yentebnae, to inhibit vertebral growth asymmetrically. A second theory, that the cause is pressure because of faulty posture with secondary asymmetrical growth of vertebnae, was the basis for Langenski#{246}ld and Michelsson's experiment of tying together transverse processes and ribs. This produced curves of up to 90 degrees in growing animals. Rib nesections of the sixth through eleventh ribs produced curves of up to 125 degrees. A third theory, that muscle imbalance can be the initiating factor in scoliosis, led Miles and others 2.7 to produce scoliosis by resection of intercostal muscles on by cutting the third to tenth intercostal nerves. Certainly it is known that scoliosis develops in many paralyzed individuals. A recent theory postulates that inappropriate afferent impulses into the spinal cord may be the initiating cause of scoliosis. This idea originated with Liszka and his experiments have been repeated and expanded by MacEwen. Laminectomy of four on five segments on ten-day-old rabbits and division of the dorsal roots on one side were reported to produce a scoliosis with convexity toward the side of the divided nerve roots in about half the animals. Both Liszka and MacEwen assumed that severance of the reflex arc was responsible for the development of the scoliosis. The present experiment was done to determine whether this assumption could be confirmed.


In this paper, the authors have established the necessary and sufficient conditions for the submanifolds of Kaehler product manifolds to be biharmonic. Moreover, the magnitude of scalar curvature for the hypersurfaces in a product of two unit spheres has been derived. Also, for the same product, the magnitude of the mean curvature vector for Lagrangian submanifolds has been estimated. Finally, the non-existence condition for totally complex Lagrangian submanifolds in a product of unit sphere and a hyperbolic space has been proved.


The bunch size represented by the fruit number is the main parameter of oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) yield. The fruit number, which is determined during the initial phase of development, is related to various factors, including the genetic properties of the trees. Trees that have more pistillate flowers have more fruit. The diversity of MADS-box genes assumed can be used as a marker for trees that have a higher number of pistillate flowers. Therefore, the aims of this research were to isolate and identify the MADS-box genes from flowers of tenera oil palm using PCR techniques. The SQUAMOSA ( SQUA ) gene and the GLOBOSA ( GLO ) gene are members of the MADS-box genes family that are responsible for sepal, petal and stamen organ development. The genomic DNA of the staminate flowers of trees that have more staminate flowers (P1) and the genomic DNA of the pistillate flowers of trees that have more pistillate flowers (P2) were isolated using the CTAB+ PVP method. The CTAB+PVP method was more efficient for isolating pistillate flower genomic DNA than staminate flower genomic DNA. The genomic DNA of P1 and P2 was amplified with two primers: BMS and BMG. The BMS primers gave a PCR product size of 1250 bp for the genomic DNA of P1 and P2. Meanwhile, the BMG primers gave a PCR product size of 1250 bp and 1300 bp for P1 and P2, respectively. The PCR products were sequenced and analyzed for homology using the GenBank database. BLAST analysis showed the PCR products have high homology with the SQUA1 gene and the GLO2 gene. Alignment analysis showed that the DNA fragments amplified with the BMS primers of the P1 and P2 sequences have variations in the exons and introns, and the variations were observed only in the introns of the DNA fragments amplified with the BMG primers.