In this work, we systematically study the OZI-allowed two-body strong decay properties of 1 P - and 1 D - wave Σ c baryons within the j - j coupling scheme in the framework of the quark pair creation model. For a comparison, we also give the predictions of the chiral quark model. Some model dependencies can be found in the predictions of two models. The calculations indicate that: (i) The 1 P -wave λ -mode Σ c states most likely to be relatively narrow states with a width of Γ < 80 MeV. Their main decay channels are Λ c π , or Σ c π , or Σ ∗ c π . The 1 P -wave ρ -mode states most might be broad states with a width of Γ ∼ 100 − 200 MeV. They dominantly decay into Σ c π and Σ ∗ c π channels. Some evidences of these 1 P -wave states are most likely to be observed in the Λ c π and Λ c ππ invariant mass spectra around the energy range of 2 . 75 − 2 . 95 GeV. (ii) The 1 D -wave λ -mode Σ c excitations may be moderate states with a width of about dozens of MeV. The 1 D -wave λ -mode states mainly decay into the 1 P -wave charmed baryon via the pionic decay processes. Meanwhile, several 1 D -wave λ -mode states have significant decay rates into DN or D ∗ N . Hence, the DN and D ∗ N are likely to be interesting channels for experimental exploration. (iii) Furthermore, the two 1 D -wave ρ -mode excitations Σ c | J P = 5 / 2 + , 3 i ρρ and | J P = 7 / 2 + , 3 i ρρ are most likely to be fairly narrow state with a width of dozens of MeV, and they mainly decay into Λ c π . Some evidences of them might be observed in the Λ c π invariant mass spectra around the energy range of 3 . 1 − 3 . 2 GeV.


Prodigious progress in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has occurred over the last 20 years, with the licensing of more than 15 novel and highly effective disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) to treat the disease. In this new complex scenario, an update of the previous therapeutic guidelines published by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) in 2002 is needed for an appropriate and effective use of the old and new agents in clinical practice.


In this paper, we discuss the tacit agreement to use English as lingua franca in global academia. Our interest is in how Anglocentrism manifests within academic practices – seminars, conferences, and academic publishing – all of which are marked by neoliberal assumptions of mastery, quality, and efficacy. Drawing on autobiographical narratives, social media conversations, and literature, as well as recent discussions on conferencing and peer review practices, we analyse how historically shaped linguistic privilege and linguistic divides continue to be lived at the level of the body, affects and affective atmospheres. Language is not just language, rather, seemingly practical decisions about language always involve the aspects of material labour, time, money, and careers: they shape researcher subjectivities and entire domains of scientific knowledge. However, we also highlight the potentials nested in the emergence of minor language and the deterritorialising forces of humor. Articulating the speculative lines of what if, we propose more care-full academic linguistic practices.


Drilling horizontal wells in thin-bedded reservoir s with the goal of achieving maximum contact with the reservoir is challenging. Staying within the payzone of the reservoir saves drilling and completions costs and improves r ecovery from the well. In formations with high gamma ray c ontrasts, azimuthal gamma ray and continuous inclination are typically used to aid the geosteering process. In a conventi onal drilling motor BHA (Bottom Hole Assembly), the relevant sensors are placed as far back as 40 ft to 50 ft (12 m to 15 m) behind the bit. Given this large bit-to-sensor offset, and th e shallow depth of investigation of gamma ray measurements, i t becomes difficult to effectively geosteer the well to maintain maximum reservoir contact. A recently developed instrumented motor provides azimuthal gamma ray and inclination measurements while drilling, with the sensors located as close as 6 ft (1.8m) from the bit. The bearing assembly is designed with a pa yload which includes a sensor module, telemetry module, antenna and lithium batteries. Real-time transmission of az imuthal gamma ray and inclination measurements is achieved via wireless transmission from the instrumented motor t o the MWD (Measurement While Drilling) tool above the motor and from there to surface using either electromagne tic or mud pulse MWD telemetry. The key benefit of the instrumented motor lies in geosteering applications. With the az imuthal gamma ray and inclination readings so close to the bit, it is possible to steer the motor in thin-bedded formatio ns and to keep the well on an optimal path in the reservoir. In a recent CBM (Coal Bed Methane) application, the instrumented motor enabled the operator to stay in a very thin coal be d for 80% of the well without any sidetracks, compared to stayin g in the coal only 40% of the well with seven sidetracks whe n drilling a similar well with an azimuthal gamma sensor spaced further back above a standard motor.


Sustainability is an increasingly relevant issue, especially for young adults that are deeply informed on topics of their interest, and also position themselves on social networks. Brands and companies currently offer a wide variety of sustainable products aimed at this cohort, whose attitudes are favorable to sustainable practices, however not frequently translating it into behavior. Considering this context, the present study conducted 13 in-depth interviews to explore motivational factors to beauty and personal care sustainable products purchase among 18-25 y.o. young adults from Sao Paulo, Brazil. Internal, social and external factors were mapped and subsequently analyzed in two codification cycles, complemented by an additional literature review. Results reinforce the importance of both normative and cultural social factors in this process, as well as embedded complexity in social reality of which this cohort is part of. This reality encompasses two simultaneous social environments (physical and digital), in which youngsters from Z generation interact, influence and are influenced as well. Comparing these environments indicated how social factors influence sustainable purchasing in each case.


Mine dumps pose environmental problems worldwide. Phytoremediation is a remediation technique that uses plants to clean polluted environments. Athyrium yokoscence, a fern of the family Aspidiaceae, is a well-known Cd hyperaccumulator used in phytoremediation. The aim of the current study is to determine the extent of heavy metal absorption by A. yokoscence and evaluate its potential use in phytoremediation. The shoots, stems, and roots of A. yokoscence were analysed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) to determine the concentrations of Cd, As, Pb, Cu, and Zn, yielding maximum concentrations in the shoots of 851, 215, 192, 60.9, and 769 mg/kg-DW, in the stems of 481, 140, 881, 28.9, and 495 mg/kg-DW, and in the roots of 1210, 1868, 6473, 2484, and 5446 mg/kg-DW, respectively. The results indicate that A. yokoscence is a hyperaccumulator of Cd and can be used for the translocation of As, Pb, Cu, and Zn within the shoot tissue. The roots translocate heavy metals through the stems and they finally reside within the shoot tissue. The results suggest that A. yokoscence has considerable potential use as an environmental assessment tool for Cd, As, Pb, Cu, and Zn, and in helping to remediate mine dumps.


Seaweed has proved to be both a potential resource and a problem for coastal areas. In the framework of the European Communities, a scientific commission was created some 8 years ago, in order to address the matter of seaweed bioconversion in Europe. A book, recently published, represents a fair review and survey of seaweed as a resource in Europe. The matter of seaweed problems and expanded use is now under study in a new programme. This paper traces back the development and growth of this inter‐European effort and also provides an overview of achievements.


The Extreme Ultraviolet(EUV)Imager will study the distribution of the cold plasma in Earth's plasmasphere by imaging the resonantly-scattered emission of He+ at 30.4 nm.The EUV imager uses the technique of Single photon imaging.It can get the image according to calculate the coordinates of the single photon,catched by detectors,and accumulate these coordinates for a cycle.Signal processing part is heart of the EUV imager.Its main task is collecting,analyzing and processing the signals from detectors.The hardware of signal processing is designed by real time,and it can be working well with the help of software.The result of the lab emulational experiment has been given at last,which proved that the designing of signal processing system is up to required.


Cyclopropenoid compounds are labile in the presence of acidic reagents, silver nitrate and mercuric acetate; they are partially destroyed in the course of gas-liquid chromatographic analysis; and they give a mixture of straight and branched-chain acids on hydrogenation.The difficulties associated with the isolation of methyl sterculate and of the analysis of fats for sterculic and malvalic acids are discussed.


The toxic action of emetine on the myocardium in experimental animals is well recognized, but there are conflicting reports on the frequency with which a toxic action occurs in man during the treatment of amoebic dysentery


The effect of the addition of nitrogen gas on the structural and soft magnetic properties of rf sputter-deposited iron films has been investigated. An iron film containing nitrogen with such good soft magnetic properties as a large saturation magnetic flux density Bs of about 2 OkG and a small coercive force Hc of about 1.0 Oe was obtained in Ar gas of 3.0×10-3 Torr containing N2 gas of between 2.5×10-4 and 3.0×10-4 Torr. Iron nitrides such as Fe3N and Fe4N were detected in this film and the total amount of nitrogen was 3 to 5 at.%. It was confirmed by TEM observation that the addition of nitrogen reduced the grain size of the iron film. The coercive force of this film increased sharply at about 125°C, which corresponds to the Curie temperature of Fe3N. The decrease of the coercive force in an iron film by the addition of nitrogen may be attributed to the reduction of the grain size and the existence of the magnetic iron nitrides such as Fe3N and Fe4N.


INTRODUCTION Spaceflight poses numerous risks to the brain and central nervous system, including high-energy radiation, toxic gasses, chronic stress, sleep deprivation, fluid shifts, hormone imbalances, and injury . Unfortunately, the standard technologies for brain assessment—MRI, PET, or CT—are not suitable to the flight environment, as they require excessive mass, power, and volume. Near-infrared neuroimaging (NIN) can be used to measure the key cerebral variables of blood volume and oxygenation 2 and can also be miniaturized for flight. Existing mobile NIRS devices, however, can only make point measurements, whereas many applications require spatial or imaging information.


Controversy surrounds the selection of orbital implants used for the repair of orbital blow-out fractures. No less than 20 alloplastic, autogenous, resorbable or integrated materials have been reported for use in these repairs. Little information is available comparing the benefits, complications or selection criteria for these materials. This brief review will address the types of implants available, their reported complications, and potential clinical advantages and disadvantages to construct a rational approach for the selection of an implant for orbital fracture repair.


By choosing the appropriate phase sequence, Partial Transmit Sequence(PTS)method reduces the probability of the signal peak, this method does not make the signal distortion. But conventional PTS technique has very large computational complexity, needs to traverse all the optional phase factor, its calculation sequence increases with the number of separate exponential growth. In this paper, a multi-phase sequence method is proposed, which is inverted binary tree. By symmetrical tree searching, this method searches out the optimal phase sequence. Simulation results show that the method reduces the system complexity, while the PAPR has been better suppressed.


Provided is a manufacturing method for an organic electroluminescence display apparatus in which processing uniformity is kept during partial removal processing of an electrode layer or an organic compound layer. The organic electroluminescence display apparatus includes: a substrate; and a light-emitting device including an organic compound layer including an emission layer sandwiched between electrodes formed on the substrate, in which: two or more of the light-emitting devices are provided, and the light-emitting devices are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the substrate; at least one of the electrodes and the organic compound layers in the two or more light-emitting devices includes openings; and the openings are positioned so as not to overlap with one another in the direction perpendicular to the substrate.


This thesis is a qualitative study which critically examined the experiences encountered by student art teachers in order to discuss the implications of those experiences for secondary school cooperating teachers. The methodology consists of interviewing selected former student art teachers and describing their shared thoughts and feelings. The data is comprised of transcripts of interviews wherein the participants relate experiences that occurred during their internships. The analyses consist of compiling and summarizing all of the responses according to each interview question, comparing those to my experience as a student art teacher and supporting the results with related literature. The conclusion reviews what was learned from the experiences of student teaching and offers suggestions for cooperating teachers.


To realize the transition from a big agricultural province to a strong agricultural province in Hubei,it is imperative to make great effort to develop its seed industry.Based on the analysis of current situation of seed industry development in Hubei,measures and suggestions for promoting seed industry development were put forward according to the existing problems,such as further increasing the application rate of scientific and technological achievements,improving the market competition ability and seed supply ability,establishing the support and protection system of seed industry development,and enhancing the supervision and service ability.


messages. Multilingua, 15 (3), 305-327. Yli-Jokipii, H. (in press a). Integrating language and context in research across cultures : A multi-dimensional approach to studying business writing. In T. Nikko & P. Nuolijärvi (Eds.), Talous ja Kieli 3 [Language and Economics 3 ].Helsinki School of Economics. Helsingin kauppakorkeakoulun julkaisuja, s.n. Yli-jokipii, H. (in press b). Power and distance as cultural and contextual elements in Finnish and English business writing. In S. Niemeyer, P. Cambell, & R. Dir-


Limy bile, characterized by excessive precipitation of calcium carbonate, is an uncommon complication of gallstone disease, and is a condition that seems to follow gall-bladder obstruction. Limy bile was observed at cholecystectomy in a 57 year old woman who presented with biliary colic. At operation a mass of precipitated cohesive crystals, that had coalesced into a whitish paste of calcium carbonate, was observed obstructing the outlet of the gall-bladder. This case report is unique in that calcium carbonate precipitation appears to have preceded gall-bladder obstruction.


Dependence of the brewing industry on mechanical handling is increasing, because of economic reasons and the difficulty of securing the right type of labour. However, because of its expense, careful scrutiny must be made of each individual problem before deciding to adopt mechanization. The choice of installation varies with the type of material to be handled, and typical installations are described for the brewhouse, boiler house, cask handling and washing, bottle store and loading.


The characters with the same form,sound,and meaning,in broad or narrow sense,construct reiterative locution.The Chinese classical literary works,since The Book of Songs,there are more cases of reiterative locution in writings.The use not only makes the poems more musical but also the rhetoric beauty.


The objective of cost management is cost control.It has been proved that only through efficient controlling the whole process from inventing to consuming will cost be reduced.Based on this conception,the article integrates some examples,confirms the infections of cost in comprehensive cost period,combines several avenues of cost control,and analyses cost control by EPR system.Finally,it brings forward the significance of cost control.


The present invention discloses an engine clutch pressure plate spring fixing bolt into the tooling, including tip air motor, characterized by further comprising sequentially sleeved jacket shot gun head air motor, front to back compression spring, and a second holster ring, the rear end of the shot sleeve sleeved movably stepped distal tip at the air motor, and the distal opening of the first shot sleeve sided shape and the tip section can be inserted into the opening the spring clutch pressure plate mounting hole of an engine; the pressing spring is pressed between the first shot and the second sleeve holster; air motor mounted on the collar of the lance tip and ring mounting groove forming a second limit holster. The present invention can be conveniently installed, and a return spring bolts avoid tilted during the installation process, to achieve the automatic alignment function, can be improved assembling efficiency and reliability of the assembly. Meanwhile, the present invention further comprises a simple structure, low cost, suitable for large-scale application advantages.


Italian companies are characterized by the presence of many small- and medium-size firms, along with some large organizations facing new challenges to improve financial results. In recent years being an Italian market player has not been so easy - even those with large and considerable production capacity - because market conditions do not always allow firms to sustain long-term competitive advantages. This is even more true considering the economic and financial crisis that began in the late summer of 2008; however, this goes beyond the purpose of this study on Aida's dataset update. Moreover, this paper considers shareholder value theory as well as the thesis supporting the relationship between employee development and responsibility, productivity improvement, employee commitment and financial performances. These considerations confirm that leadership development practices need to be integrated in workplaces to take real advantage of greater productivity creation and, as a consequence, greater shareholder value creation (Rappaport, 2006). The paper develops two different methodologies: a qualitative one (case histories) and a quantitative one (multiple regression). The first part of the paper, sections 1-3 (M. Pellicelli), presents the shareholder value theory and the value based management principles in the European context. In particular, we will analyse the significant results obtained by companies listed on the Italian stock market in terms of total shareholder return. The second part of the paper, sections 4-6 (C. Casalegno), presents leadership and leadership development theory an analyses the principal factors adopted by listed Italian companies that have obtained the best shareholder value results. In the third part, sections 7-8 (E. Cerruti), we illustrate the methodology and the dataset characteristics used, the characteristics of the variables set chosen, and the research results for the listed Italian companies. Finally, we analyse in detail the level and the intensity of the relationship between human capital and the dynamic of shareholder value creation.


AP65 magnesium alloy anode was prepared by melting and casting.The microstructures and corrosion morphologies of the specimens under different conditions were investigated by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) and emission spectrum analysis(ESA),the phase structures of the specimens under different conditions were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),and the electrochemical behavior of the specimens under different conditions in 3.5% NaCl solution was studied by potentiodynamic polarization,galvanostatic oxidation test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The results show that the second phase Mg17Al12 distributing discontinuously along the grain boundaries of the as-cast specimen can enhance the corrosion resistance but accelerate the local corrosion or reduce the discharge activity of AP65 anode.After solid solution treatment at 400 ℃ for 24 h,the second phase dissolves into the magnesium matrix and the corrosion resistance decreases but the corrosion develops uniformly on the specimen surface,leading to an improvement of the activity of AP65 anode.


In initial results from recent field tests by Monsanto Co., yields of tomato plants genetically engineered to have improved pest resistance were significantly better than those of conventional, nonengineered plants. The increased yields are being attributed to improved plant resistance to attack by hookworms, fruit worms, and other pests. The test was the latest in a series being conducted by Monsanto in its efforts to apply genetic engineering biotechnology to agricultural problems. Many companies have development programs under way seeking to gain agricultural benefits from the application of genetic engineering. Monsanto has a particularly strong program in this area that is now beginning to show some results in field tests. The latest field test with tomato plants began last June in Jerseyville, III., with authorization by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Environmental Protection Agency, following successful laboratory tests at Monsanto's Chesterfield, Mo., laboratories. The tomato plants we...


This study aims to examine the relation of individual and regional income to happiness by multilevel modelling. People always pursue happiness, and happiness is a significant indicator to measure quality of life. Above all factors of happiness, income plays an important role in daily life and academic research. Many scholars suggested that not only a person's income affects one's happiness, but also others' income dose. Thus, individual income, other people's average income in regional level, and other people's average income in neighboring regional level are all key factors of happiness. However, there is still a lack of multilevel analysis of income at different levels in relation to happiness. It will neglect the characteristics of nested data, ignoring important variables, and fail to notice the relationships across spatial scales. Using 2010 Taiwan Social Change Survey (Round 6, Year 1), this study attempts to explore the relationships between individual income, regional income, and happiness by hierarchical generalized linear models (HGLM). The result shows that in Taiwan, one's own money does buy happiness. Moreover, the geography of happiness does matter. Taiwanese tend to be happier when they reside in poorer township, as well as in richer neighboring township.


A 166.6MHz proof-of-principle SRF cavity has been designed for the High Energy Photon Source-Test Facility (HEPS-TF). The cavity is a β=1 quarter-wave resonator made of bulk niobium operating at 4.2K. A pre-tuning scheme was made to accommodate the cavity frequency shift mainly due to manufacturing tolerances, the subsequent surface treatment and finally the cooldown process. To this end, the length of the cavity outer conductor was chosen as a free parameter for the pre-tuning. The cavity frequency was carefully monitored during the production, cavity treatment and vertical test. The measurement results agree well with our calculations. It is worth noticing that the pre-tuning method only involves one-time measurement of the cavity resonant frequency and its outer conductor length.


Some aspects of the expert's person spiritual potential and some features of its formation in the higher school are considered.


The aim of the study is to find the similarity and difference among the local brands of ranitidine with the innovator brand in Bangladesh. Ranitidine is an antiulcerant drug with H2 antagonist action useful in treating gastric and duodenal disorders. The dissolution test is used to obtain and compare dissolution profiles and establish similarities of pharmaceutical forms. In this study the dissolution profiles of 150-mg coated ranitidine tablets of a reference drug Zantac and a generic Gepin and a similar Xantid drug marketed in Dhaka, Bangladesh using a simple, fast and inexpensive ultraviolet method. Dissolution was determined using a USP type 2 apparatus at 50 rpm with 900 mL of distilled water at 37.0 ± 0.5 oC for 1h. The dissolution test was performed in compliance with the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP-32). Dissolution efficiency and difference (f1) and similarity (f2) factors were calculated and evaluated. Here the both values of f1 are within the range, below the 15. In this case of f2 though Gepin has the value of 50.78 that means it is in the range of 50-100 and made the brand accepted but in the other hand the Xantid has the value of 47.63 which is below the range so and not accepted. This problem can be due to manufacturing problems or for instrumental limitations.


Objective:Rat model were made by two methods,then the effect of Tang-gan-kang on NF-κB levels in the liver of diabetic fatty rat model and IL-6,TNF-αlevels in the blood of CCl4-induced liver injury rat model will be observed.Results:Tang-gan-kang can not only improve the expression of NF-κB in diabetic fatty rat model,but also reduce the inflammatory factors in the CCl4-induced liver injury rat model.Conclusion:Tang-gan-kang which was based mainly on spleen Qi,activate blood circulation and tone the liver detoxification can prevent diabetic fatty liver and liver injury.The mechanism is a multi-target,multi-faceted,and deserves further research.


I distinctly remember doing a double take the first time that I saw Chief Judge Lippman in person. It was at the Albany Law Review's State Constitutional Commentary Symposium on Wrongful Convictions during my first year of law school. (1) Being used to strictly academic symposia--where for the most part the speakers are those who have written extensively, using unnecessarily large words, about a topic with which they have little to no real world experience--I had decided to attend the event, but with low expectations and having paid absolutely no attention to the identities of the scheduled panel members. Imagine my shock upon entering the lecture hall, being handed a brochure, sitting down, and only then noticing the Chief Judge of the State of New York sitting dead center in the middle of a crescent-shaped table at the front of the room, flanked by the newly elected Manhattan District Attorney. I checked my program. Twice. Later, in the understandably crowded reception following the event, Chief Judge Lippman patiently and thoroughly answered a question of mine that he had not had time to get to during the event itself. Chief Judge Lippman is enormously accomplished and mind-bogglingly busy. Aside from currently being the Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals and Chief Administrator of one of the largest and most influential court systems in the world, he was the longest serving Chief Administrative Judge in the history of New York State. (2) His education is equally impressive. He is a graduate of New York University Law School, New York University, and Stuyvesant High School. (3) Any law school in the country would be honored to have a jurist and leader of his caliber speak at their institution. Yet, as busy as Chief Judge Lippman was, he not only attended and moderated a law school symposium at place other than his alma mater or a school rated in the top tier by U.S. News and World Report, but he also took the time to listen to and answer a question posed by a twerpy first-year law student entirely unknown to him and who, considering the other people in the room, it would have been entirely fair for him to politely ignore. But, of course, Chief Judge Lippman's taking that time is ultimately unsurprising. The anecdote above is only to demonstrate to those who have never met the Chief that to him, no one is unimportant and that it is worth the occasional afternoon and momentary exchange to support and to validate the efforts of lawyers, law schools, and law students that are in the trenches of the law in this state--not only those who are in the clouds. …


Sub-Saharan Africa has become associated in the minds of many with news stories about famine, civil war, or hospitals overwhelmed by terminally ill AIDS patients. The continent's success stories receive less news attention. Delaunay et al. present results from a study documenting the reductions in infant and child mortality achieved in rural Senegal since the 1960s. 1 In the Niakhar area, the probability of a child dying in the first five years of life in the mid-1960s remained 485 per 1000. Nationally, this proportion was around 300 per 1000. 2,3 The former statistic, at least, represents a level of mortality among infants and children more characteristic of 19th century Asia or 18th century Europe than of the second half of the 20th century. The improvement in child survival achieved since the 1960s is impressive. By the late 1990s under-5 mortality in Niakhar had fallen to about 213 per 1000, while estimates of the proportion of all Senegalese children dying before their fifth birthday fall in the range 115‐130 per 1000. 4,5 Senegal is now one of the lowest mortality countries in tropical Africa. Despite its relative proximity to the capital, Niakhar lies in the region of Senegal with the highest mortality. 3 In particular, in the 1960s the study area combined high mortality in infancy with exceptionally high mortality of children aged 1‐4. This pattern has been found in many parts of Africa and some other tropical regions but it seems to be most pronounced in the Sahel. 6 It was more extreme in Niakhar in the 1960s than in any other population that has been investigated in detail. 3,6,7 In this population, mortality rates rose in the second half of infancy, reaching a peak at about age 12 months, but remained very high right through the second year of life and into the third. This unusual age pattern of mortality was underlain by seasonal variation in numbers of births and deaths. Detailed analysis of the early data from Niakhar demonstrates that the age at which the risk of dying was highest differed according to season of birth: children were experiencing heavy excess mortality during their first two rainy seasons. 8 The overall pattern arose because the peak in mortality was particularly severe for those children aged 9‐15 months during the rains and because this was a relatively large group of children, as the birth rate also peaked at this time of the year. Delaunay et al. propose that under-5 mortality has been declining at a steady rate throughout the 37 years under study. Visual inspection of the relevant Figure in their paper suggests that one could argue equally plausibly that much of the decline in the risk of death occurred during the 1980s, with slower advances being made before and since. It would perhaps be asking too much of the data from a relatively small study, however, to attempt to differentiate between these accounts. It is clear though that it was children aged 6‐30 months that benefited from the early part of the mortality decline. Although mortality in this age range is still higher than is usual, the peak in mortality around one year of age had disappeared by the end of the 1970s. In contrast, the survival of children of all ages has improved during the past two decades. Thus, the explanations of the age pattern of mortality and of mortality decline in this population are closely inter-linked and the causes of mortality decline may differ between the two periods. Two diseases are emphasized in accounts of the age pattern of mortality in childhood in Senegal, of seasonal variations in mortality and of the reduction of mortality: measles and malaria. 1,3,9 The former disease figures prominently in the discussion by Delaunay et al. of the changing age pattern of mortality and the latter in their discussion of the disappearance and re-emergence of the seasonal peak in mortality. Apart from isolated campaigns in the 1960s, however, vaccination coverage in Niakhar began to rise only with the establishment of an EPI programme in the 1980s. 3 It therefore seems unlikely that measles and its sequellae played a significant role in the elimination of the 6‐30 month peak in the risk for dying in Niakhar, which occurred before this date. Moreover, others have argued that more than half the drop in mortality up to 1980 resulted from declining rainfall rather than from human intervention. 9 It was deaths from malaria, and perhaps also diarrhoea, that fell. During the 1980s though, when mortality may have fallen particularly rapidly, the crucial factor does seem to have been improvements in health care, perhaps buttressed by improve


Abstract Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to respiratory disease is caused by pulmonary vascular remodeling and hypoxia. Severe PH can induce various clinical signs, including syncope and right‐sided heart failure. Hypothesis/Objectives To investigate the echocardiographic characteristics in dogs with PH secondary to respiratory diseases. Animals Thirty‐one dogs with respiratory diseases with or without PH and 15 healthy dogs. Methods Prospective cross‐sectional study. Dogs were classified according to respiratory disease (obstructive airway/lung disease [OALD] or restrictive lung disease [RLD]) and PH‐relevant signs. The association between echocardiographic variables and PH (classified by respiratory disease and PH‐relevant signs) was investigated. Results Twenty‐one dogs were diagnosed with PH; of these, 11 showed PH‐related signs (OALD, n = 2; RLD, n = 9), 14 had right ventricular hypertrophy, and 19 had pulmonary arterial enlargement. Right ventricular dysfunction and dilatation were observed only in dogs with PH‐related signs (n = 10). Left and right ventricular stroke volumes were significantly lower in dogs with PH (median [interquartile range]: 17.2 [12.4‐20.8] and 16.8 [15.3‐29.5] mL/m2, respectively). Dogs with RLD had higher echocardiography‐estimated pulmonary vascular resistance than those with OALD (median [interquartile range]: 3.1 [1.9‐3.3] and 1.6 [1.3‐2.2], respectively). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Pulmonary arterial enlargement was the most common echocardiographic finding in dogs with PH secondary to respiratory diseases. Right ventricular dysfunction, dilatation, and decreased left and right ventricular stroke volume were significantly associated with the PH‐related signs, indicating that comprehensive echocardiography is recommended in dogs with respiratory disease. Restricted lung disease might induce more severe PH than OALD.


The paper reviews the connection between the information security of the enterprise and its competitiveness. Increasing Information Security automatically increases the competitiveness of the entire


Convolution has been the core operation of modern deep neural networks. It is well known that convolutions can be implemented in the Fourier Transform domain. In this article, we propose to use binary block Walsh–Hadamard transform (WHT) instead of the Fourier transform. We use WHT-based binary layers to replace some of the regular convolution layers in deep neural networks. We utilize both one-dimensional (1D) and 2D binary WHTs in this article. In both 1D and 2D layers, we compute the binary WHT of the input feature map and denoise the WHT domain coefficients using a nonlinearity that is obtained by combining soft-thresholding with the tanh function. After denoising, we compute the inverse WHT. We use 1D-WHT to replace the 1 × 1 convolutional layers, and 2D-WHT layers can replace the 3 × 3 convolution layers and Squeeze-and-Excite layers. 2D-WHT layers with trainable weights can be also inserted before the Global Average Pooling layers to assist the dense layers. In this way, we can reduce the number of trainable parameters significantly with a slight decrease in trainable parameters. In this article, we implement the WHT layers into MobileNet-V2, MobileNet-V3-Large, and ResNet to reduce the number of parameters significantly with negligible accuracy loss. Moreover, according to our speed test, the 2D-FWHT layer runs about 24 times as fast as the regular 3 × 3 convolution with 19.51% less RAM usage in an NVIDIA Jetson Nano experiment.


Introduction: Breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) has been reported to occur in more than half of cancer patients. However, despite the introduction of various treatment options, BTcP remains under-diagnosed and under-treated. Because physicians' knowledge and attitudes are related to adequate BTcP management, it is important to explore physicians' knowledge, attitude and clinical practice in managing BTcP. Objectives:


Such it is with international trade. What was once a world divided into separate and distinct cultures has now become a globe where borders continually fade and cease to exist. Although this progress brings new opportunities to many, it similarly awakens emotions of apprehension and uncertainty, while creating clashes between what was known and what is yet to be discovered. A recent Ninth Circuit case, Public Citizen v. Department of Transportation,6 illuminated inconsistencies that may occur when transnational interactions attempt to fit into our previously ethnocentric societies. The discrepancy brought to light through this decision concerned a claimed conflict between an international arbitration decision under the North American Free Trade Agreement7 (hereinafter "NAFTA") and United States environmental law.


In 1958 a submarine rockfall exposed a cross section through the reef and fore-reef deposits along the northwestern margin of Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands. Removal of more than 10/sup 8/ MT of rock left a cirque-shaped submarine scarp 220 m high, extending back 190 m into the modern reef, and 1000 m along the reef trend. The scarp exposed older, steeply dipping beds below 220 m along which the rockfall detached. They sampled this exposure and the natural fore-reef slope surrounding it in 1984 and 1985 using a manned submersible. The natural slope in this area is characterized by three zone: (1) the reef plate, crest, and near fore reef that extends from sea level to -16 m, with a slope of less than 10/sup 0/, (2) the bypass slope that extends from -16 to -275 m, with slopes of 55/sup 0/ decreasing to 35/sup 0/ near the base, and (3) a debris slope of less than 35/sup 0/ below -275 m. Vertical walls, grooves, and chutes, common on other fore-reef slopes, are sparse on the northwestern slope of Enewetak. The scarp exposes three stratigraphic units that are differentiated by surficial appearance: (1) a near-vertical wall from the reef crestmore » to 76 m that appears rubbly, has occasional debris-covered ledges, and is composed mainly of coral; (2) a vertical to overhanging wall from -76 m to -220 m that is massive and fractured, and has smooth, blocky surfaces; and (3) inclined bedding below -220 m along which the slump block has fractured, exposing a dip slope of hard, dense, white limestone and dolomite that extends below -400 m. Caves occur in all three units. Open cement-lined fractures and voids layered with cements are most common in the middle unit, which now lies within the thermocline. Along the sides of the scarp are exposed fore-reef boulder beds dipping at 30/sup 0/ toward the open sea; the steeper (55/sup 0/) dipping natural surface truncates these beds, which gives evidence of the erosional nature of the bypass slope.« less


This study designed and tested a novel type of solar-energy-integrated vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) system for seawater desalination under actual environmental conditions in Wuhan, China. The system consists of eight parts: a seawater tank, solar collector, solar cooker, inclined VMD evaporator, circulating water vacuum pump, heat exchanger, fresh water tank, and brine tank. Natural seawater was used as feed and a hydrophobic hollow-fiber membrane module was used to improve seawater desalination. The experiment was conducted during a typical summer day. Results showed that when the highest ambient temperature was 33 °C, the maximum value of the average solar intensity was 1,080 W/m 2 . The system was able to generate 36 kg (per m 2 membrane module) distilled fresh water during 1 day (8:00 am until 6:00 pm), the retention rate was between 99.67 and 99.987%, and electrical conductivity was between 0.00276 and 0.0673 ms/cm. The average salt rejection was over 90%. The proposed VMD system shows favorable potential application in desalination of brackish waters or high-salt wastewater treatment, as well.


The mechanical, physical, and frictional properties of incoming materials play an important role in subduction zone structure and slip behavior because these properties influence the strength of the accretionary wedge and megathrust plate boundary faults. Incoming sediment sections often show an increase in compressional wave speed (Vp) and a decrease in porosity with depth due to consolidation. These relations allow seismic‐velocity models to be used to elucidate properties and conditions at depth. However, variations in these properties are controlled by lithology and composition as well as cementation and diagenesis. We present an analysis of shipboard measurements of Vp and porosity on incoming sediment cores from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) expeditions at the Hikurangi Margin, Nankai Trough, Aleutian Trench, Middle America Trench, and Sunda Trench. Porosity for these samples ranges from 5% to 85% and Vp ranges from 1.5 to 6 km/s. Vp‐porosity relations developed by Erikson & Jarrad (1998), https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02128 and Hoffman & Tobin (2004) https://10.2973/odp.proc.sr.190196.355.2004, with a critical porosity of ∼30%, can represent carbonate‐poor (<50 wt% CaCO3), mainly hemipelagic, incoming sediment regardless of the margin. But these relations tend to underestimate porosity in incoming sediments with carbonate content greater than 50 wt%, which appear to have a critical porosity of between 45% and 50%. This discrepancy will lead to inaccuracy in estimates of fluid budget and overpressure in subduction zones. The velocity‐porosity relation in carbonate sediments is non‐unique due to the complexity that results from the greater susceptibility of carbonate rocks to diagenetic processes.


Background Since April 2015, the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) has reimbursed breast cancer patients, approximately 50% of the cost of the breast reconstruction (BR) procedure. We aimed to investigate NHI reimbursement policy influence on the rate of immediate BR (IBR) following total mastectomy (TM). Methods We retrospectively analyzed breast cancer data between April 2011 and June 2016. We divided patients who underwent IBR following TM for primary breast cancer into "uninsured" and "insured" groups using their NHI statuses at the time of surgery. Univariate analyses determined the insurance influence on the decision to undergo IBR. Results Of 2,897 breast cancer patients, fewer uninsured patients (n = 625) underwent IBR compared with those insured (n = 325) (30.0% vs. 39.8%, P < 0.001). Uninsured patients were younger than those insured (median age [range], 43 [38–48] vs. 45 [40–50] years; P < 0.001). Pathologic breast cancer stage did not differ between the groups (P = 0.383). More insured patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.011), adjuvant radiotherapy (P < 0.001), and IBR with tissue expander insertion (P = 0.005) compared with those uninsured. Conclusion IBR rate in patients undergoing TM increased after NHI reimbursement.


Based on the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the Jurong Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Power Station (JPSHP), a 3D groundwater flow model was developed in the power station area, which took into account the heterogeneity and anisotropy of fractured rocks. A control inversion method for fractured rock structural planes was proposed, where larger-scale fractures were used as water-conducting media and the relatively intact rock matrix was used as water-storage media. A statistical method was used to obtain the geometric parameter values of the structural planes, so as to obtain the hydraulic conductivity tensor of the fractured rocks. Combining the impermeable drainage systems of the upper storage reservoir, underground powerhouse and lower storage reservoir, the 3D groundwater seepage field in the study area was predicted using the calibrated model. The leakage amounts of the upper storage reservoir, powerhouse and lower storage reservoir were 710.48 m3/d, 969.95 m3/d and 1657.55 m3/d, respectively. The leakage changes of the upper storage reservoir, powerhouse and lower storage reservoir were discussed under the partial and full failure of the anti-seepage system. The research results provide a scientific basis for the seepage control of the power station, and it is recommended to strengthen the seepage control of the upper and lower storage reservoirs and the underground powerhouse to avoid excessive leakage and affect the efficiency of the reservoir operation.


Five parameters of fabric structure are selected to study the relationship between fabric structure and fabric air permeability by orthogonal test . The influencing rule and influencing order of these factors on air permeability are obtained.


Placing original research undertaken in Ecuador with Kichwa and Tsachila women, into the Latin American context, the paper addresses the barriers experienced by indigenous women to voice, rights and resources in the context of development programmes. The paper identifies racism, biased knowledges, and entrenched assumptions about women and indigenous people as the primary factors influencing indigenous women's marginalization. The paper ends with a discussion of indigenous women's critiques of development, and their recommendations for the future.


Based on multiphase field conception and integrated with the idea of vectorvalued phase field, a phase field model for typical allotropic transformation of solid solution is proposed. The model takes the non-uniform distribution of grain boundaries of parent phase and crystal orientation into account in proper way, as being illustrated by the simulation of austenite to ferrite transformation in low carbon steel. It is found that the misorientation dependent grain boundary mobility shows strong influence on the formation of ferrite morphology comparing with the weak effect exerted by misorientation dependent grain boundary energy. The evolution of various types of grain boundaries are quantitatively characterized in terms of its respective grain boundary energy dissipation. The simulated ferrite fraction agrees well with the expectation from phase diagram, which verifies this model.


Spatial and temporal resolution are two of the most fundamental characteristics of visual displays, and yet they are often incorrectly defined and specified. In order to address this problem, we have developed techniques for estimating both spatial and temporal resolution, and we have compared the resulting estimates to data obtained from perceptual tasks. The spatial resolution technique is based on a VESA standard (FPDM, Ver. 2.0), and was applied to several CRT displays. It was found that the pixel count does not adequately define display resolution when the former exceeds the bandwidth of the display device. In addition, the spatial resolution measurements were found to correlate well with perceptual assessments of the orientation of target aircraft simulated at various distances. The temporal resolution technique involved measuring the response of various displays to simple light patterns that could be flickered at up to 30 Hz. Data obtained for CRT projectors indicated that temporal artifacts obtained with these devices are due primarily to the limited frame rate of the image generator, rather than to limitations in the temporal response of the projectors. In addition, data obtained from liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) projectors indicated that their on- and off-responses are short enough to support 60 Hz simulator frame rates, but that the hold-time used to maximize image luminance interacts with eye movements to produce temporal artifacts that can reduce the quality of the displayed imagery. The results of a perceptual test, based on the perceived separation of moving lines, were consistent with the measured temporal resolution of the two displays. All measurement and analysis techniques described here have been implemented in a software package that is available from AFRL, Mesa, Arizona.


A spent caustic tank exploded in a major Midwestern USA refinery on August 14, 2007. The explosion occurred while the operators were transferring spent caustic into the atmospheric‐relief, cone roof storage tank that had been in service since 1956. Fortunately, there were no injuries or fatalities. Property damage was, however, sufficient to interrupt the spent caustic disposal process. Unit operation was restored by commissioning an alternative, inherently safe spent caustic storage system.


In this work, SnO2 nanowires have been synthesized and the field emission characteristics of SnO2 nanowires are investigated in detail. The results show that when current density reaches to 1 μA/cm2, electric field is 1.3 V/μm. The current density dramatically jumps to 1.3 mA/cm2 at the applied field of 2.1 V/μm, and its luminous intensity is 1850 cd/m2. This shows that SnO2 nanowires hold promise for field emission display application. And its emission stability will be further improved in the near future. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The dynamic times we live in require that curricula and scales for assessment of physical development and fitness to be updated. This circumstance gave birth to the idea of conducting our study. The research aims to analyze the changes in the characteristics of physical development and physical fitness of UNWE students. The study contingent is 110 students from the UNWE Sports Optional - Basketball groups, of which 46 are under 18, 42 are 18-20, and 22 are over 21. At the beginning and end of the experiment, testing of key indicators of physical development and fitness was conducted. The data obtained were processed by variation analysis. The physical development of female students is the highest growth in the earliest student age. The smallest growth was at the age of 21 years, which should be taken into account in the construction of the educational process and the preparation of curricula for UNWE students. The physical fitness of female students over 21 years of age is marked to a significant decrease.


The invention discloses a non-combustion cigarette iron-based heating source composition based on a chemical self-heating reaction, and an application thereof. The composition is composed of the following components, by mass: 4.2-21.0% of iron powder, 48.6-72.7% of potassium permanganate, 5.7-11.9% of an acidic substance, 0-14.4% of anhydrous magnesium, 0-9.4% of activated carbon, 9.7-12.5% of sodium chloride, 0-6.1% of manganese dioxide. The invention provides the novel composition as a heat source of the non-combustion cigarette. With the composition, heating rate is high, maximum temperature is higher, temperature lasting time is long, an activation manner is convenient to operate, heating efficiency is high enough, and a heat release time meets the requirement. The dose is low, such that a heating cavity volume is reduced, and the composition is relatively safe and convenient during application and transportation. The cost is relatively low. The composition and the application have important popularization and application values.


Filmed seminar in the 'Sudan: North in the shadow of the South' series, held 19 April 2012. Dr. Yasir Awad, Life & Peace Institute, and Dr. Buthaina Ahmed Elnaiem, University of Juba/Bahri, Sud ...


From the Publisher:
In this smooth, carefully paced course, leading Perl trainers and a Windows NT practitioner teach you to program in the language that promises to emerge as the scripting language of choice on NT. With a foreword by Larry Wall, the creator of Perl, this book is the "official" guide for both formal (classroom) and informal learning. Based on the "llama book," Learning Perl on Win32 Systems features tips for PC users and new, NT-specific examples.


The purpose of this paper is to treat the problem of estimating three dimensional radar biases in a two-radar system. We present a recursive method using a linear least squares approach. We also present an index of accurate radar bias estimation. This index is the minimum singular value of an observation matrix. Our computer simulation results show that the radar bias solutions are sensitive to radar and aircraft geometries and we can adopt the minimum singular value as an index for an appreciate aircraft geometry in order to obtain a good estimation. We also show that the minimum singular value is more suitable for an index of accurate radar bias estimation than rank, condition number or determinant of an observation matrix.


Abstract Objectives Prior research found the gut microbiota-dependent and pro-atherogenic molecule trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) to be associated with cardiovascular events as well as all-cause mortality in different patient populations with cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to investigate the prognostic value of TMAO regarding clinical outcomes in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods We included consecutive OHCA patients upon intensive care unit admission into this prospective observational study between October 2012 and May 2016. We studied associations of admission serum TMAO with in-hospital mortality (primary endpoint), 90-day mortality and neurological outcome defined by the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scale. Results We included 258 OHCA patients of which 44.6% died during hospitalization. Hospital non-survivors showed significantly higher admission TMAO levels (μmol L−1) compared to hospital survivors (median interquartile range (IQR) 13.2 (6.6–34.9) vs. 6.4 (2.9–15.9), p<0.001). After multivariate adjustment for other prognostic factors, TMAO levels were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratios (OR) 2.1, 95%CI 1.1–4.2, p=0.026). Results for secondary outcomes were similar with significant associations with 90-day mortality and neurological outcome in univariate analyses. Conclusions In patients after OHCA, TMAO levels were independently associated with in-hospital mortality and other adverse clinical outcomes and may help to improve prognostication for these patients in the future. Whether TMAO levels can be influenced by nutritional interventions should be addressed in future studies.


Summary This Country Focus explores the persistence of high unemployment in the Slovak Republic during the last two decades. Given broadly comparable growth models and institutions, particular attention is paid to differences in performance between the Slovak and Czech labour markets. While a companion Country Focus looks in more detail at post-crisis development, adverse macroeconomic shocks experienced during the early and late nineties are reviewed here within a framework used by Jackman, Pissarides and Savouri (1990). Regional macroeconomic statistics and micro data on vacancies and job flows reveal a situation of persistent regional underemployment due to slow and protracted economic restructuring in central and eastern Slovakia. As the latter, to some extent, appears to be still on-going, the unemployment rate is still entrenched in laggard regions while long-term unemployment has remained among the highest in the EU throughout the 2000s, a decade largely characterised by a booming economy.


This thesis presents the results of work undertaken to examine daily, seasonal and annual patterns of water use by a native remnant woodland in temperate Australia. The focus of the study was on the two dominant tree species of the woodland, but limited assessments of understorey and soil evapotranspiration were also undertaken. One of dominant species was Eucalyptus crebra, a broad-leaved tree and the other was Callitris glaucophylla a needle-leaved tree. At the start of the study, much of the eastern seaboard of Australia experienced a severe and prolonged drought but towards the end of the field work, rainfall at the site was significantly larger than the long-term average. This provided a fortuitous opportunity to compare the responses of vegetation water use to drought and non drought periods. The study was conducted on the Liverpool Plains, of western New South Wales, Australia. Principle methods applied were (a) use of heat-pulse technology to measure rates of sap flow through trees; (b) open-top chambers to measure understorey and soil evapotranspiration; (c) application of the Penman-Monteith equation to estimate canopy conductance and transpiration rates; (d) two methods to scale spatially from measurements of individual trees to estimates of stand water use; (e) three methods to scale temporally from measurements conducted over a few weeks each year to provide annual estimates of stand water use; (f) a simple water balance was constructed to approximate the rate of deep drainage of water (rate of recharge). An annual water budget for the site was estimated for the drought and post-drought periods. The relationship between tree water use and diameter at breast height (DBH) was similar for the two species in each season, but the relationship for both species differed between seasons and years. In contrast, the relationships amongst DBH, sapwood area and leaf area differed between species at all times. This suggests that


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of phacoemulsification on eyes with adhesive microcoria after anti-glaucoma surgery in cataract patient with solitary eye.Methods 43 cataract patients (43 eyes) with solitary eye were treated with phacoemulsification surgery for adhesive microcoria after anti-glaucoma surgery.The intraocular pressure and visual acuity before surgery and one week and three months after surgery were compared and analyzed.Results Compared with the intraocular pressure before surgery,one week and three months after surgery,the ratio of intraocular pressure at ≤21 mmHg was increased significantly,the ratio of intraocular pressure > 21mmHg and average intraocular pressure were decreased significantly,and there were statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).Compared with the visual acuity before surgery,one week and three months after surgery,the visual acuities were all improved.One week after surgery,the ratio of visual acuity at > 0.5 increased.Three months after surgery,the ratio of visual acuity at 0.3 ~ 0.5,and at > 0.5 were improved significantly.Three months after surgery,the ratio of visual acuity at < 0.05 and 0.05 ~ 0.25 was reduced significantly,and there were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).There were no serious postoperative complications in 43 cases.Conclusion The adhesive microcoria cataract patients with solitary eye can be treated by phacoemulsification with high surgery risk.With good preoperative preparation,careful intraoperative operation and proper postoperative treatment,the intraocular pressure decreased and visual acuity was improved significantly and no serious complication happened.It has satisfactory clinical results.

Key words:
Phacoemulsification;  Surgery, anti-glaucoma;  Cataract, small pupil, adhesive; Patients, solitary eye


This comment notes how Lauren Berlant's work attends to the compelling but not necessarily explicit emergence of forms in the course of everyday scenes of living through things.


A 50-year-old woman, nearly blind of her right eye, was admitted with an extensive rodent ulcer involving the lateral canthus and the adjacent parts of the eyelids on the left side. The excision which was deemed necessary included the entire lower eyelid, the lateral canthus and almost one half of the upper eyelid. Millard's method for repair of extensive medial canthal defects was adapted to suit the region of the lateral canthus. The defect was covered by a forked flap from the lateral part of the forehead, lined on beforehand with buccal mucous membrane and based on the temporal vessels.


The purpose of this investigation is to construct a stable model of graphene (monolayer of graphite) using microstructure analysis and to connect parameters of this model with the macro parameters such as Young modulus and Poisson ratio. It is well-known that usage of central interaction can lead to instability of graphene lattice. A model of interaction containing the terms describing the central and angular interaction is considered. The relation between the model parameters and macro characteristics is found. Parameters describing stifinesses of the bonds are determined using experimental data. It is planned to use the models considered above for description of the deformation processes in ghaphene layers.


This paper provides a framework for analyzing the loop dynamics of the clock and data recovery (CDR) system of ADC-based PAM-4 receivers, which will assist in extending the timing recovery loop bandwidth. This paper formulates an accurate linear model of linear and signed Mueller–Muller phase detector for baud-rate clock recovery. Different equalization configurations of continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) and feed-forward equalizer (FFE) are evaluated from a phase detector performance perspective to enable high CDR loop bandwidth. The impact of loop latency on the timing recovery of ADC-based PAM-4 receivers is also analyzed and demonstrated using accurate behavioral simulations. The analysis and behavioral results show that, to achieve high CDR loop bandwidth with a good jitter tolerance, the phase detector gain to noise ratio should be maximized, and CDR loop latency should be minimized.


A method of producing a coherent rubber composition from particles of rubber comprises: (a) coating the rubber particles with a polymeric unsaturated hydrocarbon compound; (b) mixing the resulting coated rubber particles with a bonding material; and (c) allowing and/or causing the resulting mixture to form the desired coherent rubber composition. The polymeric unsaturated hydrocarbon compound is conveniently a compound having a long chain aliphatic structure, for example a hydroxyl-substituted polymer of 1,3-butadiene. The bonding material is conveniently a pre-polymer for a polyurethane or polyurea, having terminal -NCO groups. Coherent rubber compositions obtained by the method are well suited for use as play surfaces or sports surfaces.


The general objective of this study was to determine relationship between motivation, satisfaction, and organizational commitment among scout volunteers in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The sample consisted of scout volunteers (n=207) included 126 male and 81 female ranges aged 17 to 47 years old. The participants of this study were employed by using random sampling technique. Self-administered questionnaire was used by using 7 likert scales. The findings indicated that there was correlation among overall motivation (r = .468) and organizational commitment, satisfaction (r = .298) and organizational commitment. The best predictor affecting organizational commitment was understanding dimension (r = .436) compared other dimensions. This study had several implications for nonprofit organization and volunteerism sector. [Yeni Rahmawati, Norhasni Zainal Abiddin ,Azahari Ismail. Relevance to study design practice: Factors Affecting Organizational Commitment among Scout Volunteers in Nonprofit Organization in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. E. R J. 2015;2(19-26)]. (ISSN: 0091-2099).


Paleoclimate Data », The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 48-4, 2018, p. 439-463. 4 Comme le montre Johannes PREISER KAPELLER dans son essai sur l'ouvrage de M. Ellenblum : « A Collapse of the Eastern Mediterranean ? New Results and Theories on the Interplay between Climate and Societies in Byzantium and the Near East, ca. 1000-1200 AD », Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik, 65, 2015, p. 195-242.


Abstract Breast cancer patients are primary users of Internet Health Forums, virtual self‐help communities where they find and share information, preoccupations, and support. Previous literature has mainly focused on analysing the contents and the outcomes of breast cancer forums' participation. In light of the Community of Practice theoretical model, our research investigated the psychosocial processes that build and shape patients' experience and participation in the forum. We conducted 16 semi‐structured email interviews with breast cancer patients recruited within a well‐established online community. Thematic analysis identified five processes—mirroring, monitoring, modelling, belonging, and distancing—that marked three phases of users' experience: initiation, participation, detachment. An interactive dynamic characterised the identified processes: the disease's experience was shaped by and, in turn, it crafted this virtual community. These community processes contributed to participants' empowerment at practical, informative, and emotional levels through the development of a shared repertoire of resources, stories, and ways of dealing with patients' recurring problems.


The geochemistry and mineralogy of the Sakpe Ironstone were studied around Jima, Northern Bida Basin, Nigeria. Ten representative samples of the ironstone submitted for geochemical and mineralogical studies using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, transmitted light microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The result of the chemical analysis revealed that the ironstone contain an average of 58.9wt% Fe, 28.94wt% Si and 12.91 % Al. The average concentrations of P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Mg, and Na are 0.03wt%, 0.002wt%, 0.071wt%, 0.177wt%, 0.184wt%, 0.027wt% and 0.008wt%respectively. The results show that the ironstones are of high grade, having iron content > 54 % set by the Natural Resources Canada. Similarly, the low Mg (MgO wt %) content of between 0.01 and 0.051and absence of sulphur in the ironstonesshows that the sediments were not deposited in a full marine environment; perhaps they were deposited in a non-marine to shallow marine environment. Mineralogical analysis showed that the ironstones contain goethite and hematite as the major phases with kaolinite and quartz as impurities. The petrologic analysis showed that the structure of the iron bearing minerals are in form of river lines and plates which are the characteristics of goethite and hematite. The result of the XRD and the petrologic analysis both confirm that the studied Sakpe ironstone is predominantly goethite and hematite iron bearing minerals from which a high concentration of iron.


Iron powder usage in electromagnetic applications has gained wider acceptance to replace ferrites operating at higher frequencies and lamination steels operating at frequencies above 400 Hz. In this paper the effect of particle size distribution of screened pure iron powder on induction, permeability, coreless and Q factor is described. For applications of soft magnetic materials replacing lamination steels in motors and actuators the typical median particle size used is 140 microns that can be processed to produce components that have acceptable levels of induction and permeability. This paper also outlines a process route called 2P2C that that allows for compaction of composite iron compacts to densities greater than 7.45 g/cm3 increasing the composites' strength and magnetic performance. .


ABSTRACT: Recent civil unrest has proven that positive role models are essential to help bridge the nation's racial divide. Nurses are primed to be among these role models as trusted and respected healthcare professionals. Nursing's code of ethics defines nurses' moral obligations to respect all people and advocate for justice. Christian nurses face a higher calling: to love one's neighbors as themselves. This article explores the application of a Christian worldview of Fawcett's metaparadigm of nursing as a foundation for nurses to extend the love of Christ and promote racial healing.


The potential of spiders as predators was studied in the laboratory on larvae and adults of the shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus Snellen and on adults of the leafhoppers Arboridia sp. and Pyrilla perpusilla Walker. Lycosa poonaensis, the most voracious spider, consumed 1.6 borer larvae per day. Palystes sp. consumed 22.3 adults of Arboridia sp. and 2.2 borer adults per day. Argiope sp. consumed 5.3 Pyrilla adults per day. The investigation indicated that the predatory spiders L. poonaensis, Palystes sp. and Argiope sp. appear to be the most useful against sugarcane pests. Spiders may be an important natural enemy of sugarcane pests because of their polypredacious habit and efficient prey-searching ability. Spiders may have potential as substitutes for parasitoids and other beneficial insects for biological control of sugarcane pests.


This paper proposes a novel modeling scheme for optimal control of a reheating furnace, where permutation scheduling of slabs inserted into the furnace and control of continuous dynamics on slabs inside the furnace are simultaneously optimized. This modeling introduces an advection equation and allows us to reduce the number of the binary decision variables in the resulting mixed integer programming (MIP) problem. Consequently, in comparison with [Fujii et al., 2010, in Proc. IEEE MSC], a decrease in the computational burden of solving the optimal control problem is accomplished.


This paper puts forward that university students are a key part in the building of an innovative country.This has been dealt with on the basis of defining the core of university innovation.It features in system,diversity of innovation,multi-level and pyramid shape.The essay also analyses the advantages,disadvantages,opportunities and threats which lies in the technology innovation from two sides: macro level as well as micro level.The former includes system,education,culture,talents cultivating,participation and competition mechanism.The latter includes the innovation awareness,knowledge,practice,motivation and qualities.


We assessed the psychometric properties of the Social Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), a 30-item questionnaire evaluating social (e.g., disruptive behaviors, bullying) and emotional problems (e.g., anxiety, depression) among children aged 3.5–12 years. Children (n = 1,950, 50.21% boys) were drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Mothers reported the frequency with which children presented social and emotional behaviors from 3.5 to 8 years of age, and teachers from 6 to 12 years. We assessed internal structure using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, reliability using Cronbach's alpha, and convergent and discriminant validity using a multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) approach. The six-factor (emotional distress, withdrawal, impulsive/hyperactive/inattentive, disruptive behaviors, prosocial behaviors, and peer relationships difficulties) structure of the SBQ showed good fit from ages 3.5 to 12 years. Reliability estimates were good to excellent (alphas > .7), and MTMM showed good convergent and discriminant validity. Overall, the SBQ presented good psychometric properties with a large population-based sample aged 3.5–12 years. Further studies should assess its screening potential by investigating its convergent validity with diagnostic information.


A retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach was found to be useful for treating primary retroperitoneal tumors located below the level of the renal vessels.


as well as the extremely high attrition rates. This has led to a need for objective end points that allow a clinical trial sponsor to quickly evaluate whether or not an experimental drug is at least 'reasonably likely' to produce the requisite clinical benefit, so as to more rapidly terminate the losers and direct the saved resources towards more promising candidates in the pipeline. A good example of such outcome biomarkers might be the variety of imaging end points employed in oncology drug studies (e.g., PET scans, or even traditional RECIST-based radiographic measures of tumor size) that are intended as earlier substitutes for the lengthy survival studies usually required for marketing approval. It is now becoming commonplace in many therapeutic areas to see small Phase IIa studies of new drugs, performed in selected patients at or near the maximum tolerated dose, using biomarker-based primary end points in order to drive the go/no-go decision to larger Phase IIb dose-ranging studies, or even pivotal Phase III studies. Of course, the level of confidence in any such biomarker-driven decision is dependent on the level of qualification and validation of the biomarker itself.


A Ni_3Al-based alloy containing Cr is examined after preparation by Osprey deposition. The microstructure consists of solidified spherical regions showing cellular segregation interspersed with regions of finer, equiaxed segregation morphology. The segregation structure is characterized by cell interiors rich in aluminum and poor in chromium, while the cell walls are poor in aluminum and rich in chromium. This segregation pattern is the inverse of that expected, based on earlier melt spinning experience, and is explained in terms of the undercooling of the melt prior to solidification. Very high temperature annealing is required to homogenize the material, despite the use of this rapid solidification process for material fabrication.


We present a human tumble action recognition method based on Spiking Neuron Network. The approach adopts a method which can convert a skeleton sequence into a 2D image by equating the corresponding X, Y, Z components of the joint coordinates to the R, G, B components of the image pixels. After the conversion, the final images are fed to a recognized Spiking Neuron Network (SNN) model which is based on mechanisms with increased biological plausibility instead of being subsequently converted by a rate-based network. The SNN architecture uses leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons, spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), lateral inhibition and intrinsic plasticity. We do not present any labels to the network. Using this unsupervised learning scheme, the architecture achieves 85% accuracy on our dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that our method means a lot especially when using the unsupervised spike-timing-dependent plasticity algorithm.


Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was applied to the separation of a group of N‐phenylpyrazole derivatives. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as micellar system and 2‐(N‐cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid (CHES) as separation buffer (pH 10) were employed in the absence and presence of different percentages of medium chain alcohols (n‐propanol or n‐butanol). The separation of multicomponent mixtures of the solutes studied enabled the rapid determination of their retention factors which, in turn, allowed the study of the separation selectivity of compounds and the determination of their solute‐micelle association constants (from the linear variation of the retention factors as a function of the total surfactant concentration in the separation buffer). Separation selectivity was studied according to the elution range and number of solutes separated in all the electrolyte solutions employed (45 micellar phases). The effect of the buffer concentration (0.05, 0.08 and 0.10 M), the alcohol nature (n‐propanol or n‐butanol) and the alcohol percentage (1, 3 or 5%) of the values obtained for the solute‐micelle association constants was also studied. The best separation (12 solutes) was performed when a 0.08 M CHES buffer, pH 10, 0.02 M SDS modified by 5% n‐butanol was used. The possibilities of using MEKC for evaluating the hydrophobicity of compounds was investigated through the study of the correlation between the logarithm of the retention factors of N‐phenylpyrazole derivatives and their logarithm of the octanol‐water distribution coefficients estimated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).


The higher mathematics has the important value in the higher vocational education student core competencies raise. It can promote the student to exchange the expression, the digital operation, the innovation, the self-enhancement, to cooperate with the human, to solve the problem, the information-handling capacity enhancement. Thus promotion the student's learning capability, practical ability, innovation ability, employment ability and so on.


Although the interactions between soil moisture (SM) and vegetation dynamics have been extensively investigated, most of previous findings are derived from satellite-observed and/or model-simulated SM data, which inevitably include multiple sources of error. With the effort of many field workers and researchers in in-situ SM measurement and SM data integration, it is now possible to obtain the integrated in-situ SM dataset in the global range. Here we used the in-situ SM dataset of the International Soil Moisture Network to analyze the anomaly correlation between SM and leaf area index (LAI). We found that positive (negative) correlations exist between SM (LAI) and temporally lagged LAI (SM). The peak correlation and lagging time to reach it (often less than 3 months) depends on climate, land cover and rooting depths. The high SM-LAI anomaly correlation prevails in water-limited regions, e.g. dryland, where plant physiology has strong sensitivity to subsurface water stress. Dynamics of vegetation with deeper maximum rooting depths are not always correlated with SM in deeper soil layers, and vegetation dynamics with shallower maximum rooting depth may strongly correlate with SM in deeper soil layers. Overall, we highlight the potential of the global in-situ SM observation network to analyze the interactions between SM and vegetation dynamics.


Although recent deep learning methodologies have shown promising results in fast MR imaging, how to explore it to learn an explicit prior and leverage it into the observation constraint is still desired.


The press control valve of press controlling is a core component in high press common-rail sys- tem.Its performance influences to fluctuate and response of the system press.A new proportional electro- magnetic press control valve is presented.A simulation research is carried out by using the FEM software ANSYS.The experiment results show that the performance of the designed valve is satisfactory to real command.


This experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Ornamental Plants and Woody Trees Department at the National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, during two successive seasons (2008 and 2009) to investigate the effect of some chemical preservative solutions such as 8hydroxyquinoline sulphate (8-HQS) alone or with sucrose or benzyl adenine (BA), or gibberellic acid (GA3)), citric acid, alone or with sucrose and silver thiosulphate (STS) alone or with sucrose. Also, aluminum sulphate [Al2(SO4)3] alone or with BA or GA3, in addition to the control (distilled water) on vase life. and maximum increase in fresh weight i.e as keeping quality and change in fresh weight and water balance of carnation Dianthus caryophyllus cv."Felice" cut flowers.Using solution of (300 ppm 8-HQS+40g/l sucrose) and (0.4mM STS +50 g/l sucrose) significantly increased vase life and maximum increase in fresh weight compared with control (distilled water). Pulsing carnation cut flowers in 50 ppm GA3 for 24h. then placed in 200 ppm Al2(SO4)3 showed the highest values of increase in fresh weight % after 12 days in the 2 nd season (12.63%). The highest level of water balance was recorded at 12 th days by using 50 ppm of GA3 for 24 h. then placed in Al2(SO4)3 in the 2 nd season.


In this work the author examines both habitat and landscape variables to address the emergence of sociopolitical complexity in the Western Mediterranean Iron Age.


Abstract: Due to the lack of human organs required for liver transplantation, alternative methods including tissue engineering have been established over the last decades. This chapter describes all the relevant elements concerning liver tissue engineering using polymeric scaffolds. The chapter begins with a brief review on liver diseases and current treatments. The special demands, which hepatocytes in three-dimensional culture require, are then reviewed. Furthermore, an overview on tests and assays to analyse hepatocyte-specific function in vitro is given and potential clinical applications using engineered liver tissue are mentioned. Limitations of liver tissue engineering and the challenges that may occur in prospective applications are thoroughly discussed at the end of the chapter.


In this article we discuss the modular pentavariate and hexavariate linear equations and its usefulness for asymmetric cryptography. Construction of our key encapsulation mechanism dwells on such modular linear equations whose unknown roots can be interpreted as long vectors within a lattice which surpasses the Gaussian heuristic; hence unable to be identified by the LLL lattice reduction algorithm. By utilizing our specially constructed public key when computing the modular hexavariate linear ciphertext equation, the decapsulation mechanism can correctly output the shared secret parameter. The scheme has short key length, no decapsulation failure issues, plaintext-to-ciphertext expansion of one-to-one as well as uses "simple" mathematics in order to achieve maximum simplicity in design, such that even practitioners with limited mathematical background will be able to understand the arithmetic. Due to inexistence of efficient algorithms running upon a quantum computer to obtain the roots of our modular pentavariate and hexavariate linear equation and also to retrieve the private key from the public key, our key encapsulation mechanism can be a probable candidate for seamless post quantum drop-in replacement for current traditional asymmetric schemes.


We demonstrate a spectrum-sliced wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network with the channel spacing of 25 GHz, where even and odd channels are spectrum sliced separately using a pair of 50-GHz arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWGs). The 50-GHz AWGs have an offset of 25 GHz with respect to each other. Similarly, the demultiplexing is done using a pair of 50-GHz AWGs for even and odd channels separately. Our use of 50-GHz AWGs gives better bit-error rate performances than using 25-GHz AWGs in a conventional way. With 50-GHz AWGs, the channel bandwidth is increased about two times larger than using 25-GHz AWGs. Moreover, the increased spectral overlap between adjacent channels produces relatively small crosstalk since the channels are incoherent and their intensity noise is absorbed by reflective semiconductor amplifiers. The 25-GHz spaced spectrum-sliced WDM passive optical network can be realized more easily using 50-GHz AWGs since 50-GHz AWGs are more available in the market than 25-GHz AWGs.


Virtual Reality Systems can construct virtual environment which provide an interactive walkthrough experience. Traditionally, walkthrough is performed by modeling and rendering 3D computer graphics in real-time. Despite the rapid advance of computer graphics technique, the rendering engine usually places a limit on scene complexity and rendering quality. This paper presents a approach which uses the real-world image or synthesized image to comprise a virtual environment. The real-world image or synthesized image can be recorded by camera, or synthesized by off-line multispectral image processing for Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) Imagery and SPOT HRV imagery. They are digitally warped on-the-fly to simulate walking forward/backward, to left/right and 360-degree watching around. We have developed a system HVS (Hyper Video System) based on these principles. HVS improves upon QuickTime VR and Surround Video in the walking forward/backward.


A new approach is presented to the synthesis of MIMO systems of quasi-invariant control on the basis of the synthesis problem statement and solution as a pattern recognition problem. Possibilities and features of the new approach are illustrated by the examples of two mathematical models of the control systems.


Economic Implications of Anaerobic Digesters on Dairy Farms in Texas. (May 2006) Randy Scott Jackson, Jr., B.S., Tarleton State University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. James W. Mjelde Historically, air and water have been considered common property resources and, therefore, over utilized as waste receptors. Dairy waste is a leading environmental concern in the North Bosque River watershed in Texas. Changing societal attitudes are forcing dairies and policymakers to balance environmental concerns with farm profitability. Dairies are entering a realm filled with technologies to combat waste concerns. Anaerobic digester technology may play a role in helping dairies balance profit and the environment. Digesters capture methane from livestock waste and transform it into electricity which can be sold to utilities or used on-farm. Because a digester facility is confined, air and water pollution can be reduced. Technological advancement and institutional factor changes allowing the sale of on-farm produced electricity and green power requirements have increased the economic feasibility of digesters. The study of the economic implications of anaerobic digesters for Texas dairies provides producers and policymakers with information to make good decisions concerning adoption and subsidization of this technology. At the beginning of this study, no digesters were operating in Texas. Dairies operating digesters in four states, therefore, were interviewed on-site to provide necessary data. The expected net present value, E(NPV), of a plug-flow digester is


Having pondered some questions of calibrating plummet thoroughly,from the cone theory of the optical pointing in the plumb bob direction,the author presents his own views in the aspects of the basic theory of calibrating plummet,the actual calibration and development of calibrating device and so on.


Abstract pure mathematics is often seen as an 'inverted pyramid', in which algebra and analysis stand at the focal point, without which students could not possibly have a firm grounding for graduate studies. This paper examines a variety of evidence from brain studies of mathematical cognition, from mathematics in early child development, from studies of the gatherer-hunter mind, from a variety of puzzles, games and other human activities, from theories emerging from physical cosmology, and from burgeoning mathematical resources on the internet that suggest, to the contrary, that mathematics is a cultural language more akin to a maze than a focally-based hierarchy; that topology, geometry and dynamics are fundamental to the human mathematical mind; and that an exclusive focus on algebra and analysis may rather explain an increasing rift between modern mathematics and the 'real world' of the human population. 1: Introduction 2: Landmarks from Early Childhood and the Noosphere 3: The ! " # Game, Topology and Two Small Clouds in Classical Analysis 4: Puzzles and Games as an Expression of Human Mathematical Imagination 5: State Space Graphs and Strategic Topologies 6: The Brain's Eye View of Mathematics 7: The Fractal Topology of Cosmology 8: References


This article reviews the use of complexity theory in planning theory using the theory of metaphors for theory transfer and theory construction. The introduction to the article presents the author's positioning of planning theory. The first section thereafter provides a general background of the trajectory of development of complexity theory and discusses the rationale of using the theory of metaphors for evaluating the use of complexity theory in planning. The second section introduces the workings of metaphors in general and theory-constructing metaphors in particular, drawing out an understanding of how to proceed with an evaluative approach towards an analysis of the use of complexity theory in planning. The third section presents two case studies – reviews of two articles – to illustrate how the framework might be employed. It then discusses the implications of the evaluation for the question 'can complexity theory contribute to planning?' The concluding section discusses the employment of the 'theory of metaphors' for evaluating theory transfer and draws out normative suggestions for engaging in theory transfer using the metaphorical route.


This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Ithas been accepted for inclusion in 3rd World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production by an authorized administrator ofDigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.


In this note we consider magnetic self-adjoint operators on Zd whose symbols and magnetic fields depend on a parameter . Sufficient conditions are imposed such that the spectrum of these operators varies continuously with respect to . The emphasize is put on a construction which is independent of any particular choice of the magnetic potentials. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 81Q10, 47L65


1. Giant Cell Arteritis 2. Papilledema 3. Approach to the Comatose Patient 4. Approach to Status Epilepticus 5. Spinal Cord Emergency Conditions 6. Guillain Barre 7. Respiratory Failure Due to Neuromuscular Disease 8. Ischemic Stroke 9. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome 10. Encephalitis 11. Bacterial Meningitis 12. Cerebellar Hemorrhages / Infarctions 13. Wernicke's Encephalopathy 14. Tips on the Neurologic Exam


Objective To investigate the effect of alendronate on in vitro osteoclast-like cell(OLC).Methods Sixty 2.5 to 3-month-old female Wistar rats were divided into three groups.Rats in group OVX were subjected to be ovariectomized,while rats in Sham group subjected to sham-operation.At the 0 week,2 weeks,4 weeks and 8 weeks after ovariectomy,femur bone marrow were cultured in the presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL).Alendronate was added to the culture medium to the final concentrations of 10 -7 mol/L.Results The number of OLCs in OVX group were the highest among the three groups(P0.01).The number of OLCs in each group was greatly inhibited by alendronate(P0.01).Conclusions Ovariectomization increases the derivation of bone marrow cells to OLCs which can be inhibited by alendronate.


Many processes exhibit elements of chaotic behavior. Such processes should be analyzed using methods appropriate for chaos theoretic analysis. Here we discuss the basic characteristics of chaotic systems and offer illustrative examples. We conclude by discussing future research opportunities in chaos theory. Emphasis is placed on applications in finance, statistics, and industrial engineering/management science.


Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading guidance for health care joint ventures a comparison of the requirements of the antitrust fraud and abuse and self referral laws as one of the reading material to finish quickly.


Individual freedom denotes the primitive meaning of freedom, i.e. the rights of a person free from the arbitrary will of other people. National freedom is the freedom of collectives, i.e. the freedom of the government. Individual freedom is supeior to national freedom .We can't deny the values of national freedom , and the relation between human rights and sovereignty should also be dialectical.


In the concept of internet of things (IOT), physical position of smart object is very useful for relevant function over sensor networks. However, the invalid information of indoor geo-localization systems relative to these wireless sensor compromises the intelligence of IOT network. Therefore, this chapter produces the recent progress in the indoor geo-localization systems and the IOTs area. It defines the best indoor geo-localization technologies that meet their needs while respecting the constraints related to sensor networks. This framework combines between simplicity of Bluetooth low energy (BLE), popular wi-fi infrastructure, and the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm (in order to filter the initial fingerprint dataset). This new conception increases real-time detection accuracy and guarantees the low energy consumption.


To improve the ROP in deep formations of the Daqing Oilfield in order to accelerate the exploration and development process,relevant techniques were reviewed with the gool of determining and ideal process.Based on available ROP improvement achievements for deep formations in China and abroad,different technical solutions were proposed for spudding in,and for drilling through different formations.Then,the drilling technique series from top to bottom were confirmed for the Daqing Oilfield's deep formations.PDC bits(e.g.T1951 DB,CK506and CK606)were selected and applied for the 2nd spud formations,with the drilling time controlled within 25 d.By comparing the field test results of the three solutions(e.g.the hydraulic rotary impact tool,turbine drills and air drilling techniques),for the 3rd spud formations,it was confirmed that the gas drilling technique was applicable for intervals with shortest length of 900 m,the hydraulic rotary impact tool was applicable for the intervals with a drillability grade less than 7,and the turbine drills were applicable for the hard formations with drillability grade more than 7.The application of these techniques in 19 wells showed that the average drilling time was shortened by 48.60 d.The study results indicated establishing the drilling technique protocols addressed the previously indentified problem impeding ROP improvement in deep formations of the Daqing Oilfield,such as unitary technique tests,less integrated applications and unobvious overall effects of improvement.


Electronic packages subjected to drop and shock have been simulated using alternative theory known as peridynamic theory in the realm of FEM. In peridynamics, problems are formulated in terms of integral equation which is a substitute to conventional solid mechanics theory where problems are formulated in terms of partial differential equations. This alternative approach is more potent than conventional finite-element method because the integral equations remain valid even at discontinuities which enables to model crack initiation and crack propagation which can occur at multiple locations simultaneously. Previously, Agwai [2008] has demonstrated the use of peridynamic models using EMU code. In this paper, a peridynamic-theory based drop and shock model has been developed via finite element code using truss elements [Macek 2007]. The method enables the implementation of peridynamic theory in a commercial finite-element platform. Model predictions of peridynamic-models have been validated with experimentation for leadfree solder alloys system.


To define the histological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) showing atypical dynamic enhancement patterns on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (EOB‐MRI).


An increasingly diverse workforce, the empowerment of employees, more self-directed work teams: all these elements have made the need for experts traing and development of supervisors more critical than ever. Offering a systematic approach to trainers and human resources managers, Kirkpatrick's book not only fully covers planning, implementation, and evaluation, but also presents 12 valuable case studies of in-house programmes at major companies such as McDonald's, General Electric, and Deere and Company. Readers will find out how to: improve the attitudes, knowledge, and skills of supervisors; make the most of internal and external training programmes; conduct effective performance appraisals; and select and train new supervisors.