The goal of this introduction is to point out several similarities and differences between the research fields of multi-agent systems and social simulation. We show that these fields are complementary in several aspects, thus each one can benefit from results that emerge from the other. We finish the introduction by presenting and classifying the contributions in this volume. 1 Multi-Agent Systems and Social Simulation: Objective Affinities The research fields of multi-agent systems and social simulation have some interesting points in common. We characterize each of the fields next, stressing their mutual influences in the last years. 1.1 Multi-Agent Systems The field of Multi Agent Systems (MAS) is a well-established research and applied branch of AI, which has taken its impetus from the problems encountered in the implementation of tasks on distributed computational units interacting with one another and with the external environment (Distributed AI). A report on the results achieved within DAI, and a synthesis of the reasons underlying the development of the MAS field, is beyond the scope of this introduction (for a quite comprehensive picture, see O'Hare and Jennings 1996). Suffice it to say that distributed AI systems soon revealed a need for autonomy. The more autonomous the local units of the system from a central one, the more efficient the task distribution and execution, and the lower the computational load of the overall system. This discovery stimulated AI researchers and designers to turn their attention to intriguing and apparently philosophical issues, such as how to conceive of an autonomous system and how to design it. In turn, the development of autonomous systems brought about another perhaps even trickier question, i.e. how to obtain coordination and cooperation among autonomous systems executing a common task? Application-oriented solutions to these questions have often been attempted (e.g. blackboard architectures, master-slave and benevolence assumptions; see Huhns, 1987). Nevertheless, in the last decade, the conceptual question of autonomy has increasingly become a focus of AI scientists' attention. This is shown by several scientific events: from mainly European gatherings such as the early Modelling Autonomous Agents in a Multi-Agent World (MAAMAW) events which characterized the MAS field in its early days (see, Demazeau and Mueller, 1990, Demazeau and Werner, 1991), a larger community has grown (e.g. the International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, ICMAS; for the last one, see Demazeau, 1998). The MAS field is increasingly characterized by the study, design and implementation of societies of artificial agents. Fruitful contributions are made by other AI sub-fields. Among these, one which deserves particular attention for its recent developments and increasing popularity is the Agent field with its highly reputed scientific events (the ATAL workshops, the Autonomous Agents Conference, etc.) and journals (the Journal of Intelligent Systems). If the AI, logic-based and cognitive science approaches have contributed considerably to developments of MAS, the social sciences have exerted relatively less influence. An exception to this rule is offered by economics and game theory, which have rapidly invaded the MAS field (for a critical review, see Castelfranchi and Conte, 1998). The hegemony of these fairly specific areas of the social sciences on MAS is essentially due to the attention paid by economists and game-theorists to the study of the evolution of cooperation from local interactions among self-interested agents, also the quintessential problem of MAS scientists. The role played by economics has prevented the MAS field itself from taking advantage of the whole range of theories, models, and conceptual instruments that abound in the social sciences and that have received a great impulse thanks to the spread of computer simulation. 1.2 Social Simulation The computer simulation of social phenomena is a promising field of research at the intersection between the social, mathematical and computer sciences. The use of computer simulation in the social sciences ranges from sociology to economics, from social psychology to organization theory and political science, and from demography to anthropology and archaeology. The use of computers in some social scientific areas can be traced back to the fifties (Halpin, 1998). In its early days, and up to the seventies, computer simulation was essentially used as a powerful implementation of mathematical modelling (Troitzsch, 1997). More recently, computer simulation is more often used in its own right, "as a means of manipulating the symbols of programming languages" (Troitzsch, 1997: 41). Nowadays, the computer simulation of social phenomena and processes can be considered a well established field of research, as is witnessed by a large numbers of publications and scientific events and its own journal, the Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation (for a review, see Gilbert and Troitzsch, 1999). In particular, in the last two decades, the field of computer simulation has been able to benefit from a number of increasingly accessible facilities such as the development of high-level languages; the appearance of learning algorithms and systems; etc. DAI and the MAS have provided architectures and platforms for the implementation of relatively autonomous agents. This greatly contributed to the establishing of the agent-based computer simulation, an approach which has produced a vast body of simulation research, including rebuilding the Cellular Automata tradition, thanks to new technical and theoretical instruments (for a good example of simulation studies based on Cellular Automata modelling, see Hegselmann, 1996). The agent-based approach enhanced the potentialities of computer simulation as a tool for theorizing about social scientific issues. In particular, the notion of an extended (multiple) computational agent, implementing cognitive capabilities (cf. Doran 1998), is giving encouragement to the construction and exploration of artificial societies (Gilbert and Conte, 1995; Epstein and Axtell, 1996), since it facilitates the modelling of artificial societies of autonomous intelligent agents. If the MAS field can be characterized as the study of societies of artificial autonomous agents, agent-based social simulation can be defined as the study of artificial societies of autonomous agents. One could argue that the operation result should not be affected by the operators' order. However, the two fields are far from self-sufficient, as the following discussion will try to show. In particular, we shall argue that: 1. despite their evident affinities, the two fields in question have suffered and still suffer from an inadequate interface; 2. their cross-fertilisation would encourage research in both fields and at the same time stimulate innovative research arising at the intersection between them. 2 MAS and Social Simulation: An Unwarranted Gap MAS and social simulation differ in terms of the formalism used (logicand AI-based in the MAS domain, and mathematically based in the social simulation domain). But they also differ in other, more substantial ways. 2.1 Background Theory Although decision and game theory have had a significant influence on both, theoretical differences between the two fields abound. MAS has inherited a large share of the AI and cognitive science conceptual and theoretical endowment, which entailed (a) long experience with the design and implementation of integrated architectures, rather than elementary automata; (b) a strong emphasis on the whole agent, rather than solely on its actions; (c) careful attention paid to the process of plan-construction, not just decision-making and choice; (d) familiarity with the normalization and implementation of agents mental, as well as their behavioral states; (e) a tendency to provide the social agent with specific capacities for actions answering social requests and tasks (e.g., obligations, commitment and responsibility, etc.), rather than modelling social processes as mere emerging properties of agents' interaction. The area of social simulation, benefited from the social sciences to a far greater extent than MAS. Among others, the following factors contributed to the field's progress: (a) a tendency to use computer simulation to test theoretical hypotheses, rather than the computational system's efficiency; (b) more familiarity with the interpretation of real-life social phenomena; this in turn implied (c) the production of vast bodies of data relative to artificial large-scale populations. All these features converged to consolidate the scientific methodological reputation of computer simulation, and lessen the toy-world character of its applications. Arising at the intersection of several social sciences, the field of social simulation could profit from their most recent and significant advances, such as (d) the development of the paradigm of complexity, facilitated by a close interaction with the sciences of physical and biological systems; and, in particular, (e) the development of theories, models and techniques for implementing and exploring social dynamics and evolution: social learning (cf. Macy and Flache, 1995), evolutionary game theory (cf. Weibull, 1996), cultural evolution (cf., for one example, Reynolds, 1994) and memetics (see the Journal of Memetics), etc.


State estimation for traffic networks is a particu-larly challenging problem in view of their large dimensionality, and since models are often inaccurate and the interaction pat-terns unpredictable. In this article, we approach the problem by mixing aggregation-based complexity reduction and nonlinear filtering. We subdivide vehicles into groups and derive a lower-dimensional approximate model where vehicles belonging to the same group are represented by a unique random variable matching their average characteristics. Then, we propose a procedure to estimate the statistical properties of the group variables from partial measurements. Connections to car-following models are discussed, and the developed methodology is illustrated through numerical simulations.


In the northeast plains of China, the intensive utilization of agricultural soils has been a persistent issue, and finding ways to utilize soil resources efficiently and sustainably through a scientifically-driven management system has become a crucial challenge for agricultural production. Conservation tillage is a crucial technology for sustainable agriculture. Currently, plow and rotary tillage are the dominant methods used in Mollisols, but there is limited information on the effects of different conservation tillage practices in this region. The objective of this study was to investigate the short-term impact of tillage and sowing methods on soil physical properties and corn plant growth and to examine the relationship between soil physical properties and plant characteristics during various stages of growth. This study consisted of four tillage and sowing methods: plow tillage and precision seeder sowing (PTS), rotary tillage and precision seeder sowing (RTS), no-tillage and no-tillage seeder sowing (NTS), and no-tillage and precise sowing in stubble field (STS) (all four treatments involved total straw return). The results indicated that the soil penetration resistance (SPR) in the 10–40 cm soil layer under the PTS treatment was significantly lower (by 11.9% to 18%) compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05). On average, the soil moisture content in the NTS treatment was 2.7% and 1.4% higher than that of the PTS and RTS treatments. Additionally, soil temperature was 5.6% to 8.6% lower under the STS treatment compared to the other treatments during late corn growth. The RTS treatment also significantly reduced the bulk density of surface soil. High SPR impeded early crop growth but did not impact mid-crop development, while low soil temperature was one of the main factors affecting late corn growth and development as temperatures decreased. Based on the comparisons, we found that the short-term implementation of conservation tillage did not result in a significant decrease in corn yield. We believe that the short-term implementation of NTS tillage sowing practices in Mollisol regions is a feasible option.


Many natural signals, such as speech signal and biomedical signal, have significant temporal structure. This work is motivated that the majority of physiological signal mixtures show some degree of periodicity and statistical nonstationarity. In fact, the nonstationarity has testified itself to be variations in period as a function of time. By exploiting the linear autocorrelation features of desired signal, a hybrid method is proposed for source signal extraction. Extensive computer simulations demonstrate the utility of the introduced techniques.


This essay examines religions role in the 1993 Branch Davidian tragedy and places the event in the West's religious history. Like diverse other religious groups, the Branch Davidians found freedom in the West for decades. That freedoms collapse in 1993 revealed limits to the regions tolerance.


Let G be a compact p-adic analytic group and let I be a right ideal of the Iwasawa algebra kG. A closed subgroup H of G is said to control I if I can be generated as a right ideal by a subset of kH. We prove that the intersection of any collection of such subgroups again controls I. This has an application to the study of two-sided ideals in nilpotent Iwasawa algebras.


AN URGENT review of nurse triage and record-keeping has been recommended following the death of a 74-year-old man who waited nearly nine hours in A&E.


A 67-year-old man with arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, smoking, permanent atrial fibrillation and a recent history of prosthetic aortic valve replacement and mitral valve repair presented at the emergency ward with symptoms of acute chest pain and fever. Before physical examination could be performed, patient collapsed due to ventricular fibrillation for which a successful electric shock was administered. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed diffuse ST-elevation (Figure 1a). Subsequent coronary angiography revealed an ostial stenosis of the right coronary artery (RCA), suspect of embolism (Figure 1b). At the time of his cardiac valve surgery 2 years ago no significant coronary stenosis were documented. No percutaneous coronary intervention was performed due to clinical suspicion of endocarditis. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) confirmed prosthetic valve endocarditis with presence of vegetation of right coronary cusp ( , Figure 1c) and a second vegetation in the right aortic sinus extending in the ostium of RCA (small arrow, Figure 1c). TOE also revealed endocarditis of anterior mitral valve leaflet (big arrow, Figure 1c). Blood cultures identified presence of a penicillin sensitive enterococcus faecalis for which the patient was put on a combination of penicillin, gentamicin and rifampicin. Surgical debridement with aortic and mitral valve replacement was performed (Figure 1d). Unfortunately the patient died in the early postoperative setting due to progressive multi-organ failure.


Abstract : This report is an experimental test plan, designed for use in exploring the utility of existing assets to detect the presence of both surface-laid and buried anti-tank mines and minefields and to aid in designing and specifying future minefield detection systems. Flights are to be made by the Oregon National Guard OV-1D's using the AN/AAS-24 infrared scanner and KA-76 camera for a period of a year over a minefield array at Camp Adair, Oregon. Other flights are to be made by the OV-1D's and Idaho Air National Guard RF-4's (AN/AAD-5 infrared scanner and the KS-87 camera) over selected areas representing other environments such as snow conditions and semi-arid and agricultural lands. Flight schedules are arranged to match a matrix of parameter levels, parameters such as time of day, flight altitudes, mine type, weather conditions, etc. Instrumentation required for measuring the several variables and for calibrating the sensors are specified. Data obtained in the tests are to be used for assessing image interpreter preformance, for validating, revising and/or generating system models and for adding information to a minefield detection data base. A description of the image interpreter evaluation test to be conducted in given. (Author)


Failure of the commune to fulfil its obligations in proper waste collection

In practice, in the implementation of municipal waste collection obligations by a commune, a situation may arise in which waste is collected from property owners under standard regulations functioning in the commune, but the "production" of waste is greater (non-standard), which means that the waste does not fit into a container or trash enclosure. A question then arises as to the manner of handling such waste and the possibility of applying the mechanism provided for in Article 6s of the Maintaining Tidiness and Order in Communes Act, according to which, if the commune does not fulfill the obligation to collect municipal waste from property owners, the property owner is obliged to transfer municipal waste, at the expense of the commune, to an entity collecting municipal waste from property owners, entered in the register of regulated activities. The subject of the article is the analysis of the legal and factual solutions regarding possible ways of proceeding in the aforementioned situation.


Most Muslims believe that Faraid is the ultimate rule to distribute inheritance. Faraid implementation may cause issues on land distribution. When a small piece of land is subdivided among the legal heirs, the portion of land received might be insufficient to even build a house. The awareness on Takharuj concept which is based on mutual consent in inheritance distribution may help solve this problem. The aim of this research is to optimize land distribution and land use. Specific assumptions were made to lineage, family ties and land criteria. This article reports the use of Goal Programming to formulate a Takharuj-based model that can solve issues regarding productivity of land that has been distributed using Faraid laws. Goals set for the programming were to minimize the deviations for the portion of land and to minimize the number of heirs who owns the piece of land after combination. A list of possible combinations of the arable land size was generated. The model was able to select the optimal combination based on the minimum weighted sum of deviations from the goals that were set. Therefore, this research has successfully provided a useful Takharuj-based model to optimize the arable land size where the land owned by each qualified heir can be categorized as a productive land to be developed.


This study aims: To determine the application of the murabaha contract system to microfinance at BRI Syariah KCP Palopo; This type of research is field research using qualitative research methods. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis is measured by interviews to determine the overall internal and external factors of microfinance at BRI Syariah KCP Palopo. The results of research in the field show that 1) The application of the murabaha contract system in microfinance at BRI Syariah performs one contract first, the first is done with a wakalah contract, then continues with a murabaha contract. 2) Provision of microfinance using a murabaha contract has an influence on MSME business development in terms of business capital, turnover, income, number of products and expansion of the location of the business. 3) In the process of providing microfinance to MSME customers, BRI Syariah experienced obstacles such as a lack of understanding by customers about contracts and products, and the ineffectiveness of using business capital. From the results of the SWOT analysis based on the identification of internal factors and external factors on Micro Financing Products at BRI Syariah KCP Palopo, namely creating strategies to overcome weaknesses and threats and increase strengths and opportunities, one of which is BRI Syariah introducing sharia bank products to MSMEs to increasing interest in taking financing at BRI Syariah KCP Palopo.


This study focused on workplace spirituality an intrinsic factor as a determinant of organizational commitment although most recent studies on organizational commitment have focused mostly on the extrinsic rewards such remuneration, training opportunities, promotion and other tangible monetary benefits as predictors of organizational commitment. Employees are viewed as one of the most important assets for most organizations, in particular servicebased organizations like universities because of the benefits of delivering successful performances. It was therefore important to investigate whether workplace spirituality affects employee commitment. This survey study was a form of a cross-section study where both descriptive and correlational research designs were used. The study targeted all the academic staff in the public and private universities in Kenya. Stratified sampling was used where sixteen universities were selected followed by simple random sampling to select both representative department and staff from the selected departments. Data for the study was collected by administering a 25-item questionnaire to a sample of 347 academic. A total of 282 questionnaires were returned and analysis was done with the help of SPSS. Correlation and regression analysis results showed there was a significant positive relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational commitment.


Using cucumber seedlings as the material, the endogenous polyamines were measured using the HPLC, changes of growth and endogenous polyamines under lead stress were studied. The results indicated that the growth of seedlings was accelerated at lead mass concentration of 100 mg·L-1, when lead mass concentration exceeded 100 mg·L-1, stem height and root length of seedlings were gradually decreased with the increase of lead mass concentration. The contents of putrescine were apparently higher than the control, then decreased with the increase of lead mass concentration and the time of treatment. But the contents of spermine and spermidine were higher than the control in seedling leaves at the fifth day and the change of spermine and spermidine in stem was similar to that in leaves at the seventh day, which was lower than the control at other treatment times and showed a downtrend with the increase of lead mass concentration. Change trend of peroxidase activity was similar to contents of endogenous polymines (content sum of pu-trescine, spermine and spermidine). It was found that the endogenous polyamines were changed and peroxidase activity adjusted by lead stress, Therefor it affected the seedling growth.


The paper proposes new network tools for solving classification problems based on the hybridization of convolutional networks, self-organized forests, and Group Method of Data Handling classifiers. To determine the types of lung lesions in COVID-19 on computed tomography slices the new solutions have been applied. The features of the texture obtained from the matrices of GLCM, GLRLM, GLSZM, GLDM, NGTDM statistics are used here as classification features. The mechanism of transformation of texture matrices into class-oriented features based on hybrid architectures of neural networks is developed for this. The concept development of self-organized forest according to the principles of GMDH with the use of logistical mechanisms and optimization of voting functions (LSOF) is proposed. Classifiers based on CNN, LSOF, and GMDH are used to determine the type of lung lesions "ground-glass", "crazy-paving", "consolidation"on CT images of patients. The classification results obtained by the proposed algorithms have been compared with other modern methods. Data for the research were provided by the State Institution "F.G. Y anovsky National Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology of the NAMS of Ukraine".


Near-infrared (NIR) images at I, J, H and K bands were made of 12 southern 6.7-GHz methanol maser sources. Astrometry accurate to 0.5 arcsec was obtained. The positions of known H II regions, water masers, hydroxyl masers, and mid- and far-infrared objects in the region are examined in order to try to determine the nature of the methanol maser source. Deeply embedded NIR sources were found close to seven out of 14 maser sites. In three cases, no NIR source, H II region, water maser or hydroxyl maser could be found in likely association with the methanol masers.


Capillary hemangioma of the trachea is an extremely rare benign tumor in adults. We present the case of a 28-year-old woman with hemoptysis owing to a tumor of the proximal trachea. The tumor was removed by rigid bronchoscopy. The resulting specimens showed capillary hemangioma without any signs of malignant transformation. This presentation is the first case in Korea. Although tracheal capillary hemangioma is a rare disease, we should consider it as a possible cause of hemoptysis in the young adult.


C.M. DAVIES and S.C. APTE.2000. A 1‐h fluorimetric assay of β‐ d‐galactosidase activity was evaluated for determining thermotolerant coliforms (TTC) in sewage samples. Above TTC concentrations of 2·3 × 103 colony‐forming units (cfu) 100 ml−1, the assay response was related to TTC concentration. However, below this concentration, a large background signal was observed which was independent of TTC concentration. A separation scheme involving various filtration treatments and additions of a β‐ d‐galactosidase inhibitor was devised and used to quantify the sources of this anomalous assay response. The interferences encountered were largely due to the presence in sewage of non‐specific cell‐free enzymes or other cell‐free substances that were capable of hydrolysing the fluorogenic substrate. Despite this apparent limitation, the fluorimetric enzyme assay has potential as an 'early warning' indicator of treatment process failure and gross sewage contamination and leakage in situations where TTC concentrations exceed 2·3 × 103 cfu 100 ml−1


Poland's accession to the European Union (EU) meant not only active inclusion into the EU structures, but also the strengthening of internal forces, so that it could cope with the global competition and protect itself against its negative effects. In order to be a full partner, especially for the EU Member States, and to be able to develop, Poland – as the national economy – obviously, must be competitive in the international market. Due to this approach to the issues of competition and competitiveness, the major objective of the studies carried out at the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute (IAFE- NRI) was to assess the international competitive position of the Polish food sector and to verify a thesis that the competitiveness of this sector during Poland's membership in the EU has improved.


A powertrain system of a vehicle comprises an engine, a damper, and an electrical machine which is adapted to be selectively coupled mechanically via the damper of the engine. The powertrain system of the vehicle also has at least one controller, which is programmed to filter a frequency content of a speed or torque command for the electrical machine, which corresponds to a resonance frequency of the engine, damper, and the electric machine to the resonance of the engine, damper, and to reduce electrical machine.


The present work was carried out at Diarb- Nigm district, Sharkia Governorate, during the two successive growing sugar beet seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, to study the population fluctuation of certain sucking pests and their associated natural enemies. The obtained results showed that the population fluctuation of common aphid Myzus perseica (Sulzer) and Aphis craccivora Koch, leafhopper Empoasca decipiens (Paoli) , Empoasca decedens (Paoli), Nezara verdulla Lins and two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus cucurbitacearum (Sayeg) and their associated natural enemies of predator mite Amblyseius swirskii as well as the effect of temperature and relative humidity. The aforementioned insect pest species were collected by two different methods from sugar beet plants using direct counting (plant sample) and sweep net. The obtained results showed that the plant sample proved to be the best method to collect aphid, green bug insect species and two-spotted spider mite of the present work, while the sweep net proved to be the best technique to collect the leafhopper insect species. The seasonal abundance of M. persicae on sugar beet plants recorded two peaks for M. persicae . The first one was occurred at 2 nd week of December, the second peak was found at 4 th week of January. The leafhopper E. decipiens and E. decedens were recorded two peaks, the first peak was recorded at 2 nd week of Novamber, while the second peak was occurred at 1 st week of February for E. decipiens and E. decedens for the two seasons, respectively. Two peaks were recorded for N. verdulla the first one was occurred at 2 nd week of December, while the second peak was recorded at 1 st week of February. The mite (adult and immature stages) recorded two peaks, the first peak of adults and immature stages at 2 nd week of October 2010/2011 and 4 th week of October 2011/2012, respectively. The first peak of eggs at 2 nd week of October 2010/2011 and 1 st week of November 2011/2012, respectively. The second peak was recorded for mite (adult, immature stages and eggs), the second peak of adults at 3 rd week of March 2010/2011 and 4 th week of March 2011/2012,of immature stages at 2 nd week of November 2010/2011 and 3 rd week of March 2011/2012 and of eggs at 4 th week of October 2010/2011 and 3rd week of March 2011/2012, respectively. Two peaks were recorded for predator mite A. swirskii . The first peak at 4 th week of February 2010/2011and 2011/2012, respectively. The second peak was recorded at 4 th week of March 2010/2011and 2011/2012, respectively. This research aims to utilize the obtained results in developing the IPM programs against these pests on sugar beet plants through activation the effect of both temperature and relative humidity on insect numbers. and its predaceous mites on leguminous vegetables in Kaliobia and Giza throughout one year. They found that, the tetranychid mite T. urticae was the most dominant phytophagous species found on the crop. Also the population fluctuation of T. urticae and three phytoseiid predators were studied under greenhouse and field on kidney been ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) by (YoungIn et al., 1998). They showed that the mite T. urticae and its predatory mites were found throughout the period of the study. (Amir and Kandeel, 1988) studied that the incidence of insects and mites associated with lentil plants as a legume crop at Zagazig district, Sharkia during the two 1986. They studied the population density and seasonal fluctuation of insect pests.


High hydrostatic pressure is a mild technology compared with high temperatures and is commonly used for food pasteurization. Crude brain homogenates of terminally diseased hamsters infected with scrapie 263K strain were heated at 60 °C and/or pressurized up to 1000 MPa for 2 h. Prion proteins were analysed for their proteinase K sensitivity using a Western blot technique. PrPSc pressurized with 500 MPa or above proved to be proteinase K sensitive. To test the remaining infectivity of the pressurized material, hamsters were infected intracerebrally. Results showed a greatly delayed onset of disease (from 80 up to 153 days) when samples had been pressurized at 500 MPa and above. An increase in the survival rate was also observed: 47 % survival over 180 days was seen following infection with homogenates pressurized at 700–1000 MPa.


One of the important methods of data analysis is classification. Many real-world problems in various fields, such as business, science, industry, and medicine can be solved using a classification approach. Neural networks have emerged as an important tool for classification. The advantages of neural networks help to efficiently classify these data. In this study, a set of heart disease data is analyzed using a neural network approach. To improve the efficiency of the classification process, a parallel approach was also adopted in preparation. This project is aimed at the design and implementation of automatic diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases using MATLAB. Cleveland data set for heart disease was used as the main database for training and testing system developed. To prepare and test the Cleveland data set, two systems were developed. The first system is based on the structure of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) of a neural network in the artificial domain (ANN), while the second system is based on the approach of aadaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS).


Abstract
Background: Rice yield is needed to improve to meet the requirement of increasing population. Narrow genetic source in cultivated rice is limiting the yield improvement. Wild rice owned valuable genes that have been lost or lacked in cultivated rice. Identification of the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for yield related traits such as thousand-grain weight (TGW) from wild rice can be used to widen the genetic source of cultivated rice.
Results: In the study, sixteen TGW QTL were identified based on a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross of one introgression line K1561 of Oryza minuta. and one cultivated rice G1025. One largest effective QTL TGW12 was mapped to the region of 241.47 kb between the Specific Locus Amplified Fragment (SLAF) Marker2768345 and Marker2853491. The origin of TGW12 was tested by means of three markers nearby or within the TGW12 region, but it is presently uncertain whether it was originated from Oryza minuta. or not. Preliminary prediction of TGW12 indicated thirty-two Open Reading Fragments (ORFs) in the region. RT-PCR analysis and sequence alignment showed that the coding domain sequence of one MADS-box gene were different between G1025 and K1561 due to alternative slicing, which caused premature transcription termination. The MADS-box gene was considered as one putative candidate of TGW12
Conclusion: We mapped a major QTL TGW12 by RILs population derived from the cross of one O. minuta introgression line and one cultivated rice, and preliminarily concluded its candidate genes. The region of TGW12 should be further narrowed and creation of transgenic lines will reveal its function. In addition, TGW12 can be directly applied for improvement of TGW in breeding program.


Biometrie authentication is being exceedingly utilized into mobile devices as an alternative to passwords. However, for security and privacy reasons, it is important to protect the biometric template. In this paper, we introduce a method to obfuscate and match certain biometric templates comprised of multiple local descriptors derived around spatial interest points. Obfuscation starts by insertion of chaff (fake) interest points along with their respective synthesized descriptors that are statistically similar to original descriptors. Fusion of local matches along with global outlier rejection is used to mitigate the impact of the resulting obfuscation on biometric matching accuracy. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated through ocular and face recognition experiments.


In this paper we present research aimed at exploring the configuration of robot architecture from robot components that are distributed about a network environment. The research is motivated by previous work focusing on representation and reasoning methods for modeling modular robotics systems. We look specifically at self-configuring networked robotic agents. The proposed model combines the notions of a task factory that generate task modules and a pool of modules representing robotics components such as sensors and effectors. A number of successively more complex scenarios are used to illustrate the concepts. These have been implemented and tested experimentally. The paper describes the experimental implementation.


vehicle collisions as the leading cause of adult accidental death in the U.S. Of the annual U.S. death toll, pharmaceuticals contributed to approximately 22,767 overdose deaths with 71.3% related to opioid pain medications. This problem has been directly associated with inappropriate prescription of opioid medications by healthcare providers, who wrote nearly 259 million opioid prescriptions in one year. Purpose Conclusions Public Access to Naloxone: Provider Awareness and Prescribing Attitudes Kathryn L. Dambrino, BSN, RN DNP student, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee


This paper deals with the heuristic solution of flexible flowshop scheduling problems with unrelated parallel machines. A setup time is necessary before starting the processing of a job, where the setup time depends on the previous job. No preemption of jobs is allowed. As objective function, this paper considers the minimization of the positively weighted convex sum of makespan and the number of tardy jobs. This paper develops some well-known constructive heuristics for the pure flowshop scheduling problems such as the algorithms given by Palmer (1965), Campbell, Dudek, and Smith (1970), Gupta (1971), and Dannenbring (1977) as well as the insertion heuristic by Nawaz, Enscore and Ham (1983) to the flexible flowshop environment. By using one of these heuristics, the first stage sequence is generated. This sequence will then be used, in conjunction with either FIFO or permutation rules, to construct a schedule for the overall problem. The final solution is then the best schedule obtained by one of the two rules. Furthermore, some iterative heuristics such as a genetic algorithm and a simulated annealing approach are proposed to increase the quality of the constructive solution. Detailed computational results are presented to evaluate the efficiency of the heuristic algorithms. Detailed computational results with the algorithms are presented. © 2005 Elseviser B. V. All rights reserved.


Purposes: constructing prokaryotic vector of Timp3 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3). Methords: Total RNA of human placenta tissues were prepared, and the cDNA encoding Timp3 was got via RT-PCR. The gene was constructed into pMD18-T vector using the restriction enzyme of BamHI and XbaI. Results: By agrose gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing, Timp3 gene was introduced into pMD18-T successly.


The present study used a mediated priming paradigm to examine whether developmental differences exist in the integration of semantic information with orthographic and phonological information during visual word recognition. In Experiment 1, we found that the integration of semantics with phonology and orthography differed among third-grade, sixth-grade and college students: orthographically based mediated inhibition effects were found in third-grade children, whereas phonologically based mediated inhibition effects were found in sixth-grade children and college students. A second experiment was performed with adults to test the hypothesis that the orthographically based mediated inhibition effect observed with young children was due to deficits in orthographic processing. When stimulus quality was manipulated within the mediated priming paradigm, orthographically based mediated inhibition effects were found when targets were dim, whereas phonologically based mediated inhibition effects were found when targets were bright. Taken together, these results suggest that the allocation of activation during reading may depend on the processing demands of the word recognition system.


Counseling is a function performed by many clergypersons as part of their overall role of minister in a congregational setting. There is an inherent conflict of interest when a clergyperson seeks to be an objective and therapeutic counselor to members of the very group on which he or she depends for both material benefits and volunteer help. The authors provide illustrations of this conflict of interest and then examine it in the light of codes of ethics of several professional counseling organizations. Clergy who do counseling are urged to adopt a professional code of ethics and abide by it, even if this involves cessation of the counseling function.


Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the oldest known edible fruit tree, originating in central Asia prominent activity of the three different acetone extracts of pomegranate fruit: arils with seeds..


Technique disclosed in this document, to allow the adhesion between the metal and polymer layers, a method and system for conditioning a polymeric layer on the substrate. The technique to produce a nitride layer on the surface of the polymer layer may include: conditioning the polymer layer in a nitrogen-containing plasma. In another embodiment, the conditioning step, in a nitrogen rich environment using a low power copper sputtering process may include the step of depositing the CuN layer. After conditioning process, to deposit copper on the polymer layer with good adhesion properties, it may be used high power copper deposition or sputtering process.


1. A bug has been corrected in the free text search option making the search process much faster. 2. A free text search interface has been added to the search window to make people aware of the feature. It also allows the specification by Master File Number of the range of records which the search will look at. 3. In Winisis 1.3, when printing more than one or two thousand records, the Windows memory was filled up and the computer would lock. This has been fixed. 4. From print, it is now possible to print one record per page. 5. In the Print Setup Dialog, it is now possible to produce a HIT file without producing any output. 6. It is now possible to specify any paper size by choosing 'User defined' from the paper size list, in Print Setup Dialog. 7. The Reinitialize database menu option which users lost from the DOS version has been added to erase the database and set the MST and XRF file length to 512 Kb. 8. A further omission has been corrected: 'Export from a HIT file' has been added to the Export Dialog options. This make it possible to export a previously sorted MST. To create a HIT file use the Print Setup Dialog selecting 'Just Make Hit File' in the Layout Table. A HIT file is composed by two files: <dbasename>.hit, <dbasename>.hxf saved into the Winisis working directory. 9. Additionally, it is now possible to convert a HIT file to a database (MST) through a menu option. The HIT file records will be added to the current database. 10. An improvement to global replace: it is now possible to specify the occurrence number for the search and to get a confirmation prompt before each substitution. 11. It will be possible to update the inverted file after closing a new or edited record. The dictionary will always be updated and reflects the latest changes. 12. A new parameter will be added to SYSPAR.PAR, no. 137: Ask confirmation when closing a database window.


Advertising industry has a major influence on people, their lives, their lifestyle, their happiness and their environment. Everybody is concerned with changes in his/her lifestyle for the better, to live a happy, contented and comfortable life. Following research article has tried to investigate upon the impact of advertising on individual lifestyle through an analysis of few research studies done in the same field.


The goals of transitional justice advocacy and institutions are commonly portrayed as mutually reinforcing and complementary. This article argues that in evaluating the political significance of transitional justice, more attention should be given to their irreconcilable goals. This analysis is informed by the work of legal scholars and political theorists that have drawn attention to the dual role of law in relation to violence. While law can be a tool for regulating violence and exposing abuses of power, law is also utilized to obfuscate and legitimate abuses of power. Similarly, transitional justice institutions aim to challenge the legitimacy of prior political practices by confronting denial and transforming the terms of debate on past abuses, yet they also seek to establish their own legitimacy by minimizing the challenge that they pose to dominant frameworks for interpreting the past. This article demonstrates how a better understanding of this tension sheds light on problematic assumptions and unacknowledged trade-offs associated with the claims regarding the role of transitional justice institutions in advancing political reconciliation through measures designed to counter denial, expand * Bronwyn Leebaw is Assistant Professor of Political Science at University of California, Riverside. Her previous articles on theoretical approaches to human rights and transitional justice have appeared in such journals as Perspectives on Politics, Polity, Human Rights & Human Welfare, and Contemporary Justice Review. A draft of this article was presented at the 2007 meeting of the American Political Science Association. The author would like to thank Brad Roth and Chandra Sriram for their insightful comments as discussants on this panel. The article draws upon ideas developed for a paper done by the author as part of her work on the American Political Science Association Task Force on Inequality and Difference in the Developing World. The author would like to thank members of the committee and others who commented on the paper, including: Susan Woodward, John Echeverri-Gent, Susanne Rudolph, Lloyd Rudolph, John Harbeson, Michael Joseph Smith, and Victor Peskin. For conversations and exchanges that informed the development of the article, the author would also like to thank Ruti Teitel, Eric Stover, Harvey Weinstein, and David Pion-Berlin. HUMAN RIGHTS QUARTERLY Vol. 30 96 dialogue, and address trauma. It concludes by discussing the implications of the analysis for transitional justice policy as well as debates on the general significance of expanding transitional justice advocacy.


Why are the legislatures organized as we know them? If we had a time machine to travel through the history of the most lasting democratic assemblies, we would find that the rules are increasingly meager and simple as we go back in time. Extrapolating these tendencies we could arrive at what I call the state of legislative nature - that is, an assembly in which all matters are decided in plenary sessions (without commissions) and in which there are no restrictions or regulations that limit the right of its members to take the floor or present motions. In this article I argue that certain universal characteristics of modern democratic assemblies -such as parties and offices specialized in introducing issues on the agenda- emerged as a response to the shortage of time of the plenary sessions in the state of legislative nature ( ...)


IN APRIL 1987, a judge in a San Diego court heard a case against a woman, Pamela Stewart Monson, whose baby was born braindead after she ignored her doctor's warnings about her behavior and its potential effects on the fetus. Her doctor had warned her to refrain from street drugs and sex and to seek medical care in case of vaginal bleeding. But prosecutors charged that on the day she delivered, she took amphetamines, had sex with her husband, and didn't call paramedics until twelve hours after bleeding began. Her son was born brain-dead with amphetamines in his system. The judge's decision to throw out the case is perhaps less significant than the fact that criminal charges were brought against the mother in the first place.' Cases like this raise important ethical, legal, and medical questions about personal responsibility in an era of increasing knowledge concerning health risks, about the moral and legal liability of parents who ignore the advice of their doctors when their actions result in death or serious deformities for their newborns, and about the duties of doctors toward patients who ignore their advice. Ultimately, lawmakers must design policy which confronts questions about the kinds of protection to which the fetus is entitled, if any, and the means for reconciling the interests of mother and fetus when they clash. In the Roe v. Wade decision, the Court avoided direct confrontation with some of the most difficult issues surrounding fetal responsibility. It provided a time frame, specified by viability, which limits the extent of state interference with the maternal right to privacy. But the Court did not and could not address a host of related policy issues. For example, it did not specify exactly what constitutes compelling state interest in the rights of the fetus. It did not indicate the obligations the mother has, if any, to the fetus if she chooses not to abort.


Abstract. We consider a multidimensional diffusion process (Xα t )0≤t≤T whose dynamics depends on a parameter α. Our first purpose is to write as an expectation the sensitivity ∇αJ(α) for the expected cost J(α) = E(f(Xα T )), in order to evaluate it using Monte Carlo simulations. This issue arises, for example, from stochastic control problems (where the controller is parameterized, which reduces the control problem to a parametric optimization one) or from model misspecifications in finance. Previous evaluations of ∇αJ(α) using simulations were limited to smooth cost functions f or to diffusion coefficients not depending on α (see Yang and Kushner, SIAM J. Control Optim., 29 (1991), pp. 1216–1249). In this paper, we cover the general case, deriving three new approaches to evaluate ∇αJ(α), which we call the Malliavin calculus approach, the adjoint approach, and the martingale approach. To accomplish this, we leverage Itô calculus, Malliavin calculus, and martingale arguments. In the second part of this work, we provide discretization procedures to simulate the relevant random variables; then we analyze their respective errors. This analysis proves that the discretization error is essentially linear with respect to the time step. This result, which was already known in some specific situations, appears to be true in this much wider context. Finally, we provide numerical experiments in random mechanics and finance and compare the different methods in terms of variance, complexity, computational time, and time discretization error.


BCR® - 176 R from EC-JRC-IRMM and was applied to fly ash samples originating from the Vienna community heating combustion plant. In this work, an ETV-based method for direct, fast and accurate ICP-MS-analysis of trace elements and noble metals is proposed. Sample preparation is reduced to simple dispersion of the particulate sample in diluted nitric acid. An aliquot of the derived slurry solution is transferred to a graphite-boat and introduced to an electro thermal vaporization unit coupled to an ICP-MS. The developed method was validated using certified reference material.


Dynamic identification of temporally changing signals is a key issue in real-time signal processing and understanding. Such changing signals may arise from moving objects in visual images, spoken words, target trajectories and other kinds of sensor data in a wide variety of applications. An Adaptive Time-Delay Neural Network (ATNN) is proposed, which dynamically adapts its time-delays as well as its synaptic weights. The resulting network is trained to distinguish the temporal properties and spatiotemporal correlations of various input patterns. In biological systems, the delays along axons or at the synapses may vary, like in the ATNN, due to factors such as the length of the axon, insulation (myelin), or the details of the biochemical processes. In this paper, an improved learning algorithm based on gradient descent is derived, both for adaptive time-delays and synaptic strengths. This adaptation paradigm offers more flexibility for the network to attain the optimal time-delays and to achieve more accurate pattern mapping and classification than is the case of using arbitrary fixed delays, as has been done previously. Noise tolerance was tested on a series of experiments, and it is found that the proposed ATNN shows advantages. Time series prediction was tested with the chaotic Mackey-Glass equation, and the ATNN performed better than training with fixed time delays. The ATNN is suitable for spatiotemporal signal recognition, prediction and classification.


On-demand food delivery workers play an important role in the ODFD (On-Demand Food Delivery) supply chain. This
study investigates the technological problems that riders encountered while delivering meals. A questionnaire distribution
was done in order to gather information from users of the Swiggy and Zomato platforms, and 100 people participated in the study. The study's
ndings imply that the respondents are dealing with a variety of difculties, including technological ones brought on by the device (a mobile
phone) and platform algorithmic setup..The key problems are the overall setup of the algorithm, its boss-like forcefulness, lack of safety as a result
algorithmic setup, and its boss-like setup.


In this study,the reference evapotranspiration was calculated using the Penman-Monteith method based on the observed data from 26 meteorological stations in the Huaihe Basin.In order to understand the variation of meteorological factors and its causes in the basin over the last 50 years,the quantitative estimation of the contribution of the meteorological factors to reference evapotranspiration was conducted based on analysis of sensitivity of evapotranspiration to meteorological factors and variation of the meteorological factors from 1960 to 2008.The results show that for most parts of the basin there is a decreasing trend in the annual reference evapotranspiration,which is mainly caused by a significant decrease in the wind speed and radiation over the basin,and the decreasing trend to the north of the Huaihe River is more significant than to the south of the river,because the regions to the south of the river are influenced by relative humidity and have a weakly decreasing trend of reference evapotranpiration.


CD19 directed CAR-T products have gained FDA approval for systemic large B-cell lymphoma. Due to concerns about potential immune cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), patients with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) were excluded from all pivotal CAR-T studies. We conducted a phase I/II clinical trial of tisagenlecleucel in a highly refractory PCNSL patient population with significant unmet medical need (Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02445248). Here we present results of twelve relapsed PCNSL patients who were treated with tisagenlecleucel and followed for a median time of 12.2 months (range, 3.64 to 23.5 months). Grade 1 CRS was observed in 7/12 patients (58.3%), low grade ICANS in 5/12 (41.6%) patients and only one patient experienced grade 3 ICANS. 7/12 patients (58.3%) demonstrated response, including a complete response (CR) in 6/12 patients (50%). There were no treatment-related deaths. Three patients had ongoing complete remission at data cut off. Tisagenlecleucel expanded in the peripheral blood and trafficked to the CNS. Exploratory analysis identified T-cell, CAR T-cell and macrophage gene signatures in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following infusion when compared to baseline. Overall, tisagenlecleucel was well tolerated and resulted in a sustained remission in 3/7 (42.9%) of initial responders. These data suggest that tisagenlecleucel is safe and effective in this highly refractory patient population. Registered as Clinical Trial # NCT04134117.


In virtual reality, it is possible to simulate visual self-representation by mapping one's body movements with an avatar. The acceptance of the virtual body as part of one's own body creates an ownership illusion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing a self-avatar's stride length on the stride length of embodied users. Nine healthy subjects walked on a treadmill while viewing their self-avatar in a virtual mirror through an HMD, while the stride length of the avatar was manipulated. No statistically significant changes in stride length were found but the results show a clear trend towards a gradual increase in stride length following increased stride length of the avatar, and a residual after-effect.


Between the slum clearances of the early twentieth century and debates about the post-Olympic city, the drive to 'regenerate' London has intensified. Yet today, with a focus on increasing land values, regeneration schemes purporting to foster diverse and creative new neighbourhoods typically displace precisely the qualities, activities and communities they claim to support. In Remaking London Ben Campkin provides a lucid and stimulating historical account of urban regeneration, exploring how decline and renewal have been imagined and realised at different scales. Focusing on present-day regeneration areas that have been key to the capital's modern identity, Campkin explores how these places have been stigmatised through identification with material degradation and spatial and social disorder. Drawing on diverse sources - including journalism, photography, cinema, theatre, architectural design, advertising and television - he illuminates how ideas of decline drive urban change. Richly illustrated and engagingly written, Remaking London is both a compelling account of contested sites from the capital's recent history and a powerful critique of the contradictions of contemporary regeneration. "An important and much-needed corrective, full of fascinating insights, which exposes the myths of regeneration" - Anna Minton, author of Ground Control: Fear and Happiness in the Twenty-First Century City


The issues to be highlighted here is to fundamentally evaluate the potential of using
waste polystyrene as a backbone binder in Metal Injection Moulding (MIM.) This is by
the fact that the earth has tons of polystyrene disposed every day and researcher believes
such waste can be converted into more beneficial industrial product. Thus this research
investigates the potential uses of polystyrene as a novel binder system in metal injection
moulding. Stainless steel SS3 16L was used which is polystyrene and palm kernel acts as
binder system. Feedstock with different composition 0.60% and 0.55% (60/40, 30170,
20180) powder loading (PL) were tested to know the feedstock characteristics. The
homogeneity of the feedstock was investigated by using binder bum out test with
Termogravimetic analysis (TGA). From the test it was found that PL 0.60% 70130 is the
best homogeneity. The rheology test was being held for better proven. The rheology
properties are investigated using Shimadzu Flowtester CFT-5OOD capillary rheometer.
The optimization of the pMIM rheological properties as a function of stainless steel
powder loading concentration are evaluated by flow behavior exponent, activation
energy and mouldability index. The result show all the feedstock is a pseudo-plastic
while no dilatant behaviour, it is no powder binder separation. Polystyrene are suitable
acted as a binder system in metal injection moulding. Furthermore, it could reduce the
cost of binder system. The feedstock achieved desirable injection moulding
characteristics, such as homogeneous, stable, flow behaviour exponent, n < 1, moderate
activation energy (E) and high mouldability index (a). The suitable volume ratios in
mixing process produce a better feedstock in order to produce the green part by injection
moulding.


The importance of the waters around the Laccadives ' with their special ecological
conditions and their influence on the adjacent coastal waters of the mainland of
India' has been indicated in an interesting review of the oceanographical investigations
in the eastern section of the Arabian Sea by Jones (1959). The Laccadives
region is particularly interesting to the oceanographer, because of the presence of
the submarine ridge—the Laccadives-Chagos Ridge—which has a great influence
on the circulation of the water masses in this part of the Indian Ocean. The ridge
contributes, to some extent, to the enrichment of the upper waters of the mid-ocean
as has been suggested by Cooper (1957). . To the fishery investigator, this region
is equally interesting, as it is known to support a rich fishery, particularly of the
pelagic type. A detailed hydrographic survey of this region is, therefore, considered
necessary as it would help to throw light on several problems of oceanographical
and fishery interest.


From its beginning Interpersonal Psychoanalysis was eminently suited to address theoretical and clinically issues when working with patients from different cultures. The open-ended quality of the detailed inquiry was a particularly useful tool to get to know the "stranger," as American social scientists of the fifties and sixties were quick to acknowledge. It therefore comes as a surprise how few interpersonalists have addressed themselves to cross-cultural issues. Particularly lacking has been attention to countertransferential problems in analyzing patients from other cultures. In addition the impact of the cultural climate on the analytic process itself has rarely been explored. As cross-cultural contacts in the consulting room have become more frequent it is important for analysts to consider that developmental sequences, family relationships, interpersonal distance, concepts of time and openness to emotional sharing may differ from what Western psychoanalysis considers to be "normal."


It was excellent, and poignant, to see that the results from the Animal Welfare Foundation-funded study of UK animal welfare priorities had been published in a peer-review paper in Vet Record .1 Among the four distinguished authors was lead author Fiona Rioja-Lang; a good friend and colleague who tragically died in 2019, before she could see the fruits of her labours.

In a recent editorial ( VR , 11/18 July 2020, vol 187, …


Nineteen strains of Zoysia sinica collected in Japan and Republic of Korea were investigated to clarify genetic diversity by molecular analysis with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In six selected primers after initial screening using a total of 40 primers, altogether 22 reproducible RAPD fragments were amplified. Of these, 19 polymorphic fragments (86.7%) were observed in the range of 200-2000 bp in the 19 strains of the species. RAPD analysis in our study revealed genetic variation among Z. sinica strains with average pairwise distance of 2.77. The highest genetic distance of 3.74 with 14 character differences was obtained within strains from Republic of Korea and between another Korean strain and one Japanese strain from Kyusyu Island, while the lowest genetic distance with only one different character was obtained between the strains of Tsushima Island, Japan.


The absorption spectrum of the phosphopyridoxal form of the enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase, can be perturbed by the anion iodide over a wide range of pH values.

The binding of this anion to the catalytic site of the enzyme brings about a decrease in the absorption at 360 nm and a concomitant increase in the absorption band centered at 430 nm corresponding to the positively charged nitrogen of the aldimine linkage of the cofactor.

The absorption spectral changes are accompanied by variations in the fluorescence intensity emitted by the cofactor. The fluorescence studies reveal an efficient collisional interaction between the excited state of pyridoxal-5-P and the perturbing anion iodide. It is proposed that the active site of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase is very accessible to the anion iodide.


Herbivore feeding induces chemical defence responses in plants. In this study we investigate how herbivore‐induced changes in cotton plants, Gossypium hirsutum L., influence the oviposition behaviour and larval development of Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In two‐choice experiments female moths preferred to oviposit on small plants (3–4 leaves) that had been fed on by 3rd to 4th instar larvae (72%) over non‐damaged control plants. However, when using larger plants (8 to 10 true leaves) the preference was reversed, with only 31% of the eggs deposited on the induced plants. The same trend was found with plants that had been given a similar level of damage by 6th instar larvae. However, the difference between the treatments was in both cases smaller with only 60% of the eggs deposited on the preferred plant treatment. If cotton plants subjected to artificial damage were compared with undamaged plants, none of the treatments were preferred for oviposition. No significant difference was found in larval weight, pupal weight, survival, or development time, between larvae reared their entire development on leaves from induced or from non‐induced plants.


We see a clinical specialist at work on an orthopedic unit, practicing as a nurse and as a teacher. She has service and school of nursing appointments.


From the time of Yan'an establishment of P.R. China,the Chinese People had undergone the course of catching the state political power and establishing a new state political power under the leadership of Communist Party of China.during this time,the Party and the state had paid much attention to the construction of the Party in power and of the state political power.Aseries of means were taken to prevent and punish corruptness.Great achievements as well as rich experiences were made in the anti-corrupt fights and the building of an honest and clean government.This tells us that the building of an honest and clean government can be realized only by depending fully on the masses in the work of prevention,exposure and punishment,that the frightening function can be made only by investigating into important affairs and dealing with them accordingly in the Party,that the corruptness can be controlled effectively by the administration of the first in command and the administration to the first in command and that the corruptness can be prevented effectively only by the combination of "ruling with morality"and"ruling of law".


To deal with the problem that old software cant be used because of the upgraded hardware in avionics system,BTASUP(Binary Translation for Avionics System Upgrade) is introduced.BTASUP that combines interpreter and dynamic translation can transparently execute the exercisable binary code of 1750A in PowerPC.Also the structure and theory of this system was introduced.The practical implementing way of dynamic translator,which is the important part of BTSUP,is paid more attention to in this paper.


Abstract Opaque blue crystals of a new mixed valence cerium germanate have been prepared at elevated temperatures (1555 K) under careful thermoanalytical control. Single crystal structure analysis shows three different types of germanate anions [GeO4]4-, [Ge2O7]6- and [Ge3O10]8-, all germanium atoms being in tetrahedral coordination. Due to the larger number of oxygens per unit cell (Ce2Ge2O7.2), with all the oxygens unambiguously located by X-ray single crystal structure analysis, this phase differs significantly from the corresponding cerium(III) germanate Ce2Ge2O7, which shows [GeO4]4- and [Ge3O10]8-, but no [Ge2O7]6- ditetrahedral groupings.


This article assesses the effects different constellations of science, administration and the political sphere display on the policy process in the field of alcohol prevention policy in the Swiss member states. First, it is argued that Habermas' models of Decisionism, Technocracy, and Pragmatism can be interpreted as distinct modes of governance that take place in today's policy-making and implementation. Second, as for the effects of these different constellations of science, administration and politics, the findings from a written survey of the Swiss cantons reported here imply that a broad and adequate policy design is found in cantons with an alcohol prevention policy that is dominated by administrative actors. Output performance proves to be comparatively higher in cantons with a high influence either of scientific actors or of political actors. In an overall comparison, a combined model of administrative dominance with strong affiliation to the scientific community is shown to prevail against the other models considered.


The invention has for its object to provide a solution which makes it possible, the adhesive patch 12 also over its entire length, in particular on a web 5 with high mechanical strength, The object is achieved in that, when using a fluid-repellent substrate at least in a partial surface of the adhesive lug 12, an adhesive-free liquid on the Neurolle 8 and / or on the web 5 facing side of the adhesive lug 12 is applied Reel changers 2 are used, which process fluid-repellent substrates, such as plastic films, metal foils or laminated laminates and a sticking or fluttering of the adhesive flag 12 is to be avoided.


The sequential occurrence of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) and Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) has been reported in the literature on a few occasions, as these are two hematologic disorders with distinct etiologies and patients usually have contrasting clinical presentations. Our case highlights the sequential occurrence of ITP, followed by Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) (V617F)-positive ET in a 64-year-old white woman, after four years of follow-up. The pathophysiology relating to these two conditions is incompletely understood, however, JAK2(V617F) mutation has been found in all the cases reported. Early identifi cation of JAK2(V617F) mutation in a patient with a past medical history of ITP and presenting with thrombocytosis, may lead to a prompt diagnosis of ET and timely treatment initiation. Case Report Immune thrombocytopenic purpura with subsequent development of JAK2 V617F-positive essential thrombocythemia: Case Report Marisabel Hurtado-Castillo1*, Brian Flaherty2 and Morris Jrada2 1PGY-3, Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine at NYU, Brooklyn, NY, USA 2Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA Received: 13 July, 2021 Accepted: 03 August, 2021 Published: 04 August, 2021 *Corresponding author: Marisabel Hurtado-Castillo, PGY-3, Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine at NYU, 536 Ovington Avenue Apartment 3, Brooklyn NYC 11209, USA, Tel: 718-312-9641; Email:


This paper introduces the purpose of cultivating students comprehensive ability and enforcing teaching effect on the basis of the entire thinking and framework of the practical teaching system,the contents and realizing methods,the construction of virtual laboratory and network management,the cultivation of the students practice and innovation capacity,and the production xercitation.


In the last decade more and more science deals with the problems of the floodplain sedimentation and the higher peaks of the flood water-level, with the same discharge drew the attention to these issues. This process can be explained by the diminution of the cross-section. Since the width of the active floodplain is stabile, the diminution is the consequence of the alluviation (the rise of the bottom level). The chosen sample areas - three floodplain dilatations (the water slows down here so the sedimentation is more considerable) - are situated in the right bank of the River Tisza between Tarpa and Jand. We tried to prove the existence of the sedimentation with Digital Elevation Model (DEM) made from 1:10000 maps, comparing the mean altitude of the active floodplains and reclaimed sides. Regarding the supposable that the altitudes of the two areas were the same before the diking of the artificial levees, the recent differences occurred in the period passed from the diking of the levees to the mapping served as a basis of the DEM. The examination based on digital base was completed with the sedimentology analysis of the drilled layers of an alluviating floodplain dead bed. Regarding the altitudes of the active floodplain and the reclaimed side in the three sample areas the same results were yielded using two different methods. The mean altitude of the active floodplains exceeded with 0.2-1.1 m the altitude of the reclaimed sides. Going downstream the rate of the sedimentation is decreasing with the decrease of the gradient.


The microalgae Chlorella sp. grows well in POME medium sparged with a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and air under 10,000 lx of lighting. The percentage of CO2 in the mixture, and the flow rate of the mixture (representing agitation) have important effects on the microalgae biomass yield. However, the percentage recovery of CO2 as microalgae biomass was very low in all cases, indicating that most of the sparged CO2 did not dissolve in the POME and was not sequestered by the microalgae but has in fact escaped with the bubbles into the head-space and out into the atmosphere. This result indicates that in order to increase the percentage of CO2 recovered, the area of improvement is mainly in the mass transfer of CO2 from the gas phase into the liquid phase. To ensure that dissolved CO2 does not re-form bubbles, the mass transfer has to be demand-driven, where the rate of uptake of dissolved CO2 by the microalgae has to be higher than the rate of mass transfer of CO2 from gas phase into the liquid medium.


A new simple, rapid, specific, accurate and precise stability indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed for the estimation of Sacubitril and Valsartan in bulk & pharmaceutical dosage form. From UV spectrophotometric method selected wavelength for estimation of drugs were 241 nm as isobestic point and 230 nm, 228 nm as λ max of SAC and VAL respectively by using methanol as a solvent. RP-HPLC method was developed by using Inertsil ODS (250×4.6mm) 5μ. The samples were analyzed by using mixed phosphate buffer (P H adjusted to 3 using orthophosphoric acid): Methanol: Acetonitrile (30:50:20 % v/v) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and detection wavelength is 241 nm. Both the drugs were eluted within 5 minutes and gave sharp peaks with high theoretical plate count and low tailing factor. The retention time for Sacubitril and Valsartan was found to be 2.927min and 4.003 min respectively. Calibration curve was linear with correlation coefficient of 0.997 and 0.997 over a concentration range of 58.8-137.2 μg/ml and 61.2-142 μg/ml for Sacubitril and Valsartan respectively. The percent recovery was 99.60and 98.08for Sacubitril and Valsartan respectively indicating accuracy and reliability of the method. Forced degradation studies were carried out and drug peaks were well resolved without any significant degradation products when subjected to stress conditions. So the developed stability indicating method could be utilized for routine analysis of Sacubitril andValsartan in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.


This study aims to analyze the effect of Regional Tax Potential on Regional Original Revenue and Fiscal Capacity in Districts / Cities in West Java in 2012 to 2016. The data used in this study was obtained from the Local Tax Target Report, Budget Realization Report and Fiscal Capacity Index (IKF ) from 2012 to 2016 issued by the Directorate General of Financial Balance (DGT) of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. The research method used in this study is a descriptive research method that uses a quantitative analysis approach. The purpose of this descriptive research is to make a description of the facts, nature, relationships, and influences between the phenomena investigated. The research instrument used is Simple Regression, which is one method of bivariate analysis. The results of the study and hypothesis testing showed that the Potential of Local Taxes had a significant effect on Regional Original Revenue and that the Potential of Regional Taxes did not significantly influence Fiscal Capacity.


Mitigating fatigue damage and improving grasping performance are the two main challenging tasks of applying the soft manipulator into industrial production. In this paper, the grasping position optimization-based control strategy is proposed for the soft manipulator and the corresponding characteristics are studied theoretically and experimentally. Specifically, based on the simulation, the resultant stress of step-function-type channels at the same pressure condition that was smallest compared with those of sine-function- and ramp-function-type channels, hence, a pneumatic network with step-function-type channels was selected for the proposed soft manipulator. Furthermore, in order to improve the grasping performance, the kinematics, mechanical, and grasping modeling for the soft manipulator were established, and a control strategy considering the genetic algorithm is introduced to detect the optimal position of the soft manipulator. The corresponding fabrication process and experiments were conducted to cross verify the results of the modeling and the control strategy. It is demonstrated that the internal pressure of the soft manipulator was reduced by 13.05% at the optimal position, which effectively helped mitigate the fatigue damage of the soft manipulator and prolonged the lifespan.


A seat belt webbing at a position structure, comprising a body webbing, further comprising a chest protector, chest protector vertical sectional inverted V shaped structure, the webbing is fixed to the chest protector and the chest of a vehicle occupant contact comprising a first connection end and the second connection terminal connected to a first end and a second end connected to a plate-like connection port, a first and a second end connected to a corresponding connecting terminal are respectively provided with mounting holes webbing, a first end connected to the first at two positions connecting both ends of the webbing and the vehicle occupant in the chest and abdomen, respectively, through contact with the web disposed against doming. When a larger force in the case, since the wearer leaning forward, chest, abdominal compression belt, chest protector force elastically deformed, and a second end connected to a first connection end from the original convex state change change flat condition, which can effectively absorb part of the impact, reducing the force on the seat belt webbing in order to try to prevent secondary damage belt webbing on the human body.


X-ray diffraction studies were performed in b-FePO4 and Fe (OH) 2 In FePO4, at P=2. 5 (5) GPa, a transformation to a coexisting new crystalline and amorphous phase is observed with about equal abundance. The crystalline phase is identified as VCrO4-type where FeIII and PV ions, are six-fold and four-fold coordinated, respectively. The pressure cycle is hysterectic. The onset of pressure-induced amorphization in Fe (OH) 2 is at ∼ 1 GPa however is incomplete to the highest pressure (P ∼ 24 GPa). Evidence exists that anisotropic, short-range-order is involved in the amorphization process.


UNLABELLED

PREMISE OF THE STUDY
A growing number of studies document effects of inbreeding on plant interactions with insect herbivores, including deleterious effects on direct and indirect plant defenses. However, our understanding of the specific mechanisms mediating such effects remains limited. Here we examine how inbreeding affects constitutive and induced expression of structural defenses (spines and trichomes) in common horsenettle, Solanum carolinense. •

METHODS
Inbred and outbred progeny from nine maternal families of horsenettle were assigned to three treatments: control, Manduca sexta caterpillar damage, or mechanical damage. Numbers of internode spines and the density of abaxial and adaxial trichomes were assessed before and after (21 d) damage treatments. Data on internode length, flowering time, and total flower production was also collected to explore the costs of defense induction. •

KEY RESULTS
Inbreeding adversely affected constitutive and induced physical/structural defenses: undamaged outbred plants produced more abaxial and adaxial leaf trichomes and internode spines than did inbred plants. Foliar damage by M. sexta larvae also induced more trichomes (on new leaves) and internode spines on outbred plants. Both inbred and outbred plants exposed to mechanical or caterpillar damage had shorter internodes than did control plants, but inbred damaged plants had longer internodes than did outbred damaged plants. Control outbred plants produced significantly more flowers than did control inbred plants or damaged plants of either breeding type. •

CONCLUSIONS
Constitutive and induced structural defenses in horsenettle were negatively affected by inbreeding. Reduced flower production and internode length on damaged plants compared to controls suggests that defense induction entails significant costs.


The layered electrode materials LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 mixed 0 wt%, 6 wt%, 8 wt% and 10 wt% Cu(Ac)2 were synthesised by a solid state reaction method. Cupric acetate (Cu(Ac)2) was used as raw material to mix into LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 material, and resolved into CuO at low temperatures. The structures, morphologies and electrochemical properties of the complex materials were characterised by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemistry test. For the rate performance test, the cells were charged and discharged at 0.2~2 C in the voltage of 2.5~4.3 V and 2.5~4.6 V. The results showed that the electrochemical properties and cycle performance of Cu(Ac)2-mixed LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 materials were improved. The optimal mixing content of Cu(Ac)2 was 8 wt% in LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 material.


The Parallel Boost Graph Library (Parallel BGL) is a library of graph algorithms and data structures for distributed-memory computation on large graphs. Developed with the Generic Programming paradigm, the Parallel BGL is highly customizable, supporting various graph data structures, arbitrary vertex and edge properties, and different communication media. In this paper, we describe the implementation of three parallel variants of Dijkstra's single-source shortest paths algorithm in the Parallel BGL. We also provide an experimental evaluation of these implementations using synthetic and realworld benchmark graphs from the 9th DIMACS Implementation Challenge and present performance results of solving the single-source shortest path problem for graphs with over a billion vertices on a modest size cluster.


Victoria Sheridan's introduction, "Not Just a Parade: The Photographic Archive Documenting The San Francisco Pride Parade (1984-1990) of Saul Bromberger and Sandra Hoover," originally accompanied the collection of historical black and white photographs documenting the Pride parade from the view of San Francisco Bay Area photojournalists Bromberger and Hoover. Her Introduction places this important photographic archive within the historical genres of documentary photography, gay community visual documentaries during the 1980s and 90s, as well as parade iconography, civil rights movements, and Americana.


Last month the Belarusian youth web site generation.by published a diagram showing that 2/3 of European Humanities University (EHU) graduates do not return to Belarus after completing their studies. According to generation.by, the data came from a poll of 2011 graduates of bachelors' programs published on the EHU website. The university described this information as false and explained that it was a mistake by their website administrator.


Previous investigations of FBC systems utilizing limestone addition for SO2 capture have shown that sintering due to chemical reaction (sulfation) and related solid-state diffusion are important causes for agglomeration/fouling in FBC boiler systems firing high-sulfur fuels. When the original work was done it was widely believed that steam did not affect indirect sulfation and, therefore, its effects on agglomeration were not considered. However, recent research clearly shows that steam at levels produced by burning hydrocarbon fuels can significantly improve sulfation by enhancing solid state diffusion and limestone conversion. The present study revisits the earlier studies on agglomeration but in the presence of steam. The agglomeration tendency of two limestones, Kelly Rock (Canada) and Katowice (Poland, Upper Silesia) was tested, using two particle sizes (75−115 and 250−425 μm) in pelletized and nonpelletized forms. The samples were sulfated for up to seven days in a tube furnace (TF) and thermogravim...


The utility model relates to an electric connector, comprising an insulating body and a plurality of electric-conducting terminals; the insulating body is provided with a base part and a tongue plate which is protruded with the base part; the tongue plate comprises a front surface away from the base part, and a first side and a second side which are vertical to the front surface, the first side is provided with a plurality of first containing grooves, and the second side is provided with a concave opening which is close to the front surface; the electric-conducting terminal comprises a plurality of first terminals and a plurality of second terminals, the first terminals are arranged on the tongue plate in an assembling way, the first terminal comprises a first mounting part arranged in a first containing groove and a flat first contact part which is arranged in the concave opening; the second terminals are arranged on the second side of the tongue plate and the second terminal comprises a second elastic contact part which is further protruded; two rows of the first and the second contact parts are arranged along the extending direction of the tongue plate, and the first contact part is closer to the front surface of the tongue plate relative to the second contact part.


The increasing penetration of the renewable generation, using converters as the interfaces, is challenging the secure operation of power grids, such as bringing the small signal instability issues. To ensure the stability of power grids, it is important to research on the identification of the oscillation source in a multiple-converter system (MCS). To this end, this paper proposes an identification method of the oscillation source in a MCS based on the modal power theory, which reflects the participation of converters to the system's oscillation mode. Firstly, the admittance model of the MCS is derived for small signal stability analysis. Secondly, the concept of modal power, which is the previous research work for quantifying the participation of the converter's admittance element to the system's oscillation mode in a single-converter system, is extended to the MCS for identifying the oscillation source. The validity of the proposed method is verified on a 9-converter 39-node system.


In general, the present invention relates to tumor radiotherapy indole quinone induced sensitization. More particularly, the present invention relates to the discovery that: indol-quinone selectively targeting hypoxic cells due to its ability to damage DNA and these hypoxic cells as radiosensitizers (radiation therapy adjuvant). Isatin with minimal normal cell and tissue toxicity Browse these effects.


ABSTRACT Objective Medical doctors' empathy is known to support patients' health status after face-to-face clinical visits. However, the role of doctors' empathy in chat-based encounters is not yet well understood. This study investigates whether patients' evaluations of doctors' empathy are associated with their health perceptions after a meeting at an online clinic and whether experiences of empathy could be enhanced by augmenting an automated anamnesis questionnaire completed before the visit. Methods A total of 209 adult patients agreed to participate in the study. First 103 patients filled out the regular version of the questionnaire (June–August 2019) and then 106 filled out the augmented version of the online anamnesis questionnaire (August–November 2019). Patients' perceptions of doctors' empathy were measured with the Consultation and Relational Empathy questionnaire. Patients' self-perceived health status, potential confounders, and demographic background information were measured via questionnaires. Results Patients' perceptions of doctors' empathy during a chat-based encounter were associated with patients being less concerned about their symptoms (estimated odds ratios varied between 0.45 and 0.55 depending on the model, p values < .003) and considering their symptoms as less severe (estimated odds ratios = 0.54–0.61, p values < .007), as well as a higher probability of alleviation of symptoms as rated by the patients (estimated odds ratios = 2.16–2.24, p values < .001). Augmenting the anamnesis questionnaire did not affect patient reports on doctors' overall empathy, but it did have positive effects on specific areas of doctors' empathy covered by the questionnaire. Conclusions These results show that patients' experience of doctors' empathy not only is important during face-to-face encounters but also supports patients' perceptions of health when the interaction is text based. The results also encourage further development of means to support patients' experiences of empathy during online interaction with medical doctors.


In this paper, the interaction kinetics between eutectic PbSn solder and Au/Ni/Cu metallisation of plastic ball grid array packages during laser reflow bumping were investigated. The effects of processing variables, including laser reflow power and time, on the morphology of the intermetallic compounds formed at the solder/pad interface were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. Furthermore, dissolution and diffusion of Au and Sn inside the solder bump within the duration of the laser heating was analysed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The results reveal that the morphology of the intermetallic compounds was strongly influenced by the laser input energy. The AES results showed that Au atoms dissolved rapidly into the solder after the solder was melted.


3H-Serine principally labeled phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) of lipids of chick embryo cells. 3H-Ethanolamine labeled almost entirely PE of lipids of the cells. In turnover experiment with 3H-serine incorporated into cells before infection, the pathway from PS to PE was shown to become more active by Sendai virus infection. Similar turnover experiment using 3H-ethanolamine revealed that PE synthesis directly utilizing ethanolamine was also slightly enhanced by the infection. The most marked difference of infected cells from control cells was the enhanced rate of 3H-serine incorporation into lipids. These results indicated that the Sendai virus infection enhanced the metabolic pathway serine–PS–PE.


We describe the successful closure of an aortic paravalvular bioprosthetic valve leak with the simultaneous percutaneous deployment of two vascular plugs.


FIELD: information technologies. SUBSTANCE: method includes stages, at which the following is carried out: required type of protection is identifies, and additionally each specific segment of route of required route of data transfer on the basis of initial requirements of user and information on network topology. Each specific segment of N route of unit for data transfer is selected, providing for its protection by reserve route of unit in the network, complying with the initial requirements of user. Each specific segment L of connection route for route of data transfer is selected, if it may be protected in the network with the reserve route of connection, complying with initial requirements of user and, if segment N of unit route, where segment L leads, may not be protected with according reserve route of unit. EFFECT: provision of protection of segmented unit. 14 cl, 18 dwg


Clifford algebras over finite‐dimensional vector spaces endowed with degenerate quadratic form contain a nontrivial two‐sided nilpotent ideal (the Jacobson radical) generated by the orthogonal complement of such spaces. Thus, they cannot be faithfully represented by matrix algebras. Following the theory of spin representations of classical Clifford algebras, the left regular (spin) representations of these degenerate algebras can be studied in suitably constructed left ideals. First, structure of the group of units of such algebras is examined for a quadratic form of arbitrary rank. It is shown to be a semidirect product of a group generated by the radical and the group of units of a maximal nondegenerate Clifford subalgebra. Next, in the special case of corank 1, Clifford, pin, and spin groups are defined an their structures are described. As an example, a Galilei–Clifford algebra over the Galilei space‐time is considered. A covering theorem is then proved analogous to the one well known in the theory of...


The ALICE muon spectrometer is equipped with a trigger syste m made of four RPC planes, arranged in two stations with two detection planes each. The aim of the system is to provide single and di-muon triggers with suitable transverse momentum sel ection, optimised for the physics of quarkonia and open heavy flavour. In the first two years of data-taking at the LHC, the 72 RPCs wer e operated in highly saturated avalanche mode in both pp and Pb–Pb collisions. The int egrated number of hits is about 13 Mhit/cm2 on average and 35 Mhit/cm 2 for the most exposed detectors. The performance of the RPCs and of the system as a whole is disc ussed, with particular focus on their stability in time.


Concrete-filled steel tube structure has advantages such as excellent deformation capacity, energy absorption and fireresistance. However, CFT column has the drawback of local buckling at steel tube due to the deterioration of confinement effect after steel tube yield. To solve the problem, CFT column system reinforced by CFRP(Carbon Fiber Sheets) will be introduced and the structural behaviors of CFRP reinforced columns will be compared with those of the current CFT columns. The main experimental parameters are diameter-thickness (D/t) and number of carbon FRP sheet layers. 10 specimens were prepared with the main experimental parameters. Axial compression test were conducted and axial behavior maximum strength capacity, and ductility capacity were analyzed between CFRP reinforced columns and the current CFT columns. To propose of design formula for FRP reinforced CFT columns, confinement effectiveness coefficient of confined concrete were proposed based on the experimental results. Finally, base on the coefficient, the axial design formula for FRP reinforced CFT columns were proposed and compared the design strength values with the experimental strength values.


The Ward identities of the $W_{\infty}$ symmetry in 2D string theory in the tachyon background are studied in the continuum approach. Comparing the solutions with the matrix model results, it is verified that 2D string amplitudes are different from the matrix model amplitudes only by the external leg factors even in higher genus. This talk is based on the recent work [1] and also [2] for the $c_M <1$ model. (Talk given at the workshop on ``Frontiers in Quantum Field Theory'', Osaka, Japan, December 1995.)


Sports ball dancing according to its harmonic effect on the organism is wildly used among fitness technologies. Specific features of this kind of sport which includes high level of development of physical qualities, plasticity, aesthetic design, musicality, attract great attention of not only participants but also the spectators of this kind of sport. Such teachers as Khaidasarov G.G., Butuzova V.B., Tarasenko V.I., Malykhina S.Y. and others contributed to the development of this sport in Chelyabinsk. However sports ball dancing places high demands on the cardiovascular system of athletes, on the level of its regulation and requires systematic diagnostic control of the functional state of the involved.


The purpose of the microbial diversity studies conducted is to discover species composition, structure, bacterial distribution, spatial activity as well as the function and role of the microbial. A laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor with a working volume of 2 L was used to develop aerobic granular sludge to treat livestock wastewater. The seed sludge was taken from municipal wastewater treatment plant, while the wastewater was collected from cattle farm at Primaternak Enterprise, Johor, Malaysia. The composition and diversity of microbial community in the seed sludge and aerobic granules were explored using next generation sequencing analysis. Based on the findings, the details of phylogenetic bacterial which consists of phylum, class, order and family were identified and compared between the seed sludge and aerobic granules. The metagenome DNA sequencing analysis has revealed an abundance of microbial diversity in the seed sludge and 8 hours aerobic granular sludge samples. The metagenome analysis discovered wide variety of microorganism including archaea, bacteria, eukaryote, and virus. Bacteria has been evaluated as the most dominant microbial in both seed sludge and aerobic granules. Acidovorax sp JS42 was found to be the most abundance bacteria species in seed sludge while Thauera MZIT was the most abundance bacteria species in aerobic granules. Whereas, Bacteroides, Flavobacterium, Comamonas, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were the most abundance bacteria that responsible in developing aerobic granules were observed to be higher in aerobic granules compared to the seed sludge. The results from this study indicated that distinct differences of microbial community from the seed sludge and aerobic granular sludge were observed clearly, which provided some evidence of the granulation process.


Spin and lattice dynamics of CaMn7O12 ceramics were investigated using infrared, THz and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectroscopies in the temperature range 2 to 590 K, and, at low temperatures, in applied magnetic fields of up to 12 T. On cooling, we observed phonon splitting accompanying the structural phase transition at Tc = 450K as well as the onset of the incommensurately modulated structure at 250 K. In the two antiferromagnetic phases below T_N1 = 90K and T_N2 = 48 K, several infrared-active excitations emerge in the meV range; their frequencies correspond to the maxima in the magnon density of states obtained by INS. At the magnetic phase transitions, these modes display strong anomalies and for some of them, a transfer of dielectric strength from the higher-frequency phonons is observed. We propose that these modes are electromagnons. Remarkably, at least two of these modes remain active also in the paramagnetic phase; for this reason, we call them paraelectromagnons. In accordance with this observation, quasielastic neutron scattering revealed short-range magnetic correlations persisting within temperatures up to 500K above T_N1.