Affective symptoms are common in people with dementia, but are both under-detected and under-treated. These symptoms cause significant distress to the patients and their carers. The fluctuation of these symptoms, their overlap with the clinical features of dementia, and the difficulty for the patients to provide accurate accounts of these symptoms makes identification of these symptoms more difficult. A range of useful, reliable and valid scales has been developed to evaluate these symptoms, however. Depressive symptoms appear to respond well to pharmacological and psychological therapies. Further studies are needed in the management of anxiety symptoms. Curr Opin Psychiatry 13:55-59. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.


North Sumatera province is one of the autonomous area that potential within fishery sector and that have the authority to manage their own potential sea as defined in Article 18 Act Number 32, 2004 states that the area that have sea area was given authority to manage resource in sea area. Fishery and naval department of North Sumatera Province carried out local administration affairs/province authority within cultivation fishery sector, fishery catch, monitoring, both fishery and naval resource controlling and management in coastal area also small islands and assistance task. Fishery and Naval Department Implementation in arrange fishery business in North Sumatera area are by issued fishery business license including catch and cultivation fisheries, carried out monitoring to catching fishery business, making and implement related to fishery business policy, carried out development and training to fishermans.


Herein, a comparative study of the various crystallographic characteristics of ZrO2 polymorphs has been carried for the monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic structures. First, different structural models are provided for apparent visualization of three ZrO2 polymorphs. The most intense lattice planes observed in all three ZrO2 polymorphs are then briefly covered. The model density, an essential feature to understand the atomic arrangements that depends on electron and nuclear distributions, is also compared in ZrO2 polymorphs. From these results, we suggest that this approach is a remarkable importance of polymorphs ZrO2, which is one of many stable oxides in Zr–O chemistry. The crystallography characteristics are, therefore, suitably simple to analyze the utility of the approach.


In this paper, sensing characteristics of long period gratings in three different types of single mode optical fibre: a step-index fibre, a progressive three layered fibre and a suppressed-cladding fibre were investigated. It was found that variation in the refractive index profile and material constants of the fibre can produce a dramatic change in the spectral sensitivity for a particular measurand for a given long period grating attenuation band.


The problem of global stabilization for the multiple oscillator systems by bounded and delayed controls is considered. Based on a special canonical form of the considered system, a nonlinear control law consisting of nested saturation functions is proposed to achieve global stabilization. The new special canonical form used in this brief contains not only time delay in the input but also time delays in its state, which leads to natural cancellation and helps to not only provide explicit conditions guaranteeing the global stability of the closed-loop systems but also improves the transient performance of the closed-loop system significantly. The proposed feedback law is also adopted to achieve restricted tracking. A numerical simulation is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Introduction: Amitraz is a formamidine chemical compound used worldwide as an ectoparasiticide and an agricultural pesticide. Despite its widespread use, very few cases of human poisoning have been described leading to low awareness among health care providers. some of its effects on humans may mimic organophosphate poisoning. As a result, cases of amitraz intoxication are not recognized and are therefore incorrectly treated as the much more commonly recognized organophosphate poisoning. there is currently no known antidote for amitraz poisoning and the management is mainly supportive and symptomatic. case report: We report a case of a 12-year-old boy who presented to the emergency department with depressed level of consciousness, miosis, bradycardia and hypothermia following deliberate ingestion of a pesticide. baseline laboratory studies were notable of hyperglycemia and glycosuria but no ketonuria. His past medical history was unremarkable with no history of diabetes mellitus or drug abuse. the poisoning was initially incorrectly diagnosed as organophosphate intoxication but later changed to amitraz poisoning. He was successfully managed supportively with oxygen supplementation, airway management, intravenous fluids as well as close monitoring.


Abstract : Federal advisory committees are frequently chartered by the Chief Executive, Congress, and agency heads to render independent advice and to make recommendations. By virtue of their ad hoc status, advisory committees can circumvent normal bureaucratic constraints to provide diverse points of view in matters of public policy within a definite time frame. Whether designated as commissions, committees, councils, or task forces, these independent study bodies have dealt with social crises, policy issues, and technical problems of major proportions. Commissions provide a flexible option, since their composition, organization, and working arrangements may be varied through the specific mandates establishing them. Congress formally acknowledged the merits of using advisory committees to obtain expert views drawn from business, academic, government, and other interests when it enacted the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) in 1972 (5 U.S.C. Appendix Federal Advisory Committee Act; 86 Stat. 770, as amended). Pursuant to FACA requirements, the General Services Administration (GSA) maintains and administers management guidelines for commissions. This report sets forth definitions and requirements for creating commissions as required by FACA. Twelve commissions were created by the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act (112 Stat. 2681), and are used here to illustrate the various options that are available for creating independent study bodies. This report will be updated periodically to reflect changes in FACA guidelines.


Active nutrient in Shanxi calcareous soil was extracted with Mehlich3.Compared with the routine method and relative research,the results showed that the results of macroelements and Microelement in soil which are analysised by Mehlich3 method were significant or remarkable correlative with the results of routine method.On this basic,we formulated the grade standards of Mehlich3 for testing macroelement and microelement in Shanxi calcareous soil.M3 can be used to test P、K、Mg、Na、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn in Shanxi calcareous soil.


With the development of social economy, people's travel demands are more and more diversified, for travel with luggage users, the demand for luggage storage also tends to be more convenient methods. According to the survey, the existing luggage storage product design does not cover all the demands of travel users, its non-comprehensive development of the status quo is increasingly prominent. In this paper, for large pieces of luggage box, to luggage box storage related issues as the research direction, combined with the user demand inconvenience dilemma, joint Internet development under big data, artificial intelligence and cloud computing and other technologies, the luggage independent cloud hosting shared lock research.


We report our failure mode investigation of high power multi-mode InGaAs-AlGaAs strained quantum well (QW) lasers using time-resolved electroluminescence (EL) and electron beam induced current (EBIC) techniques.


To improve the classification accuracy of the weld defect, we suggest a chaos-search-based feature selection method (CSFS). We regard the selection of the features as an optimisation problem in which the classification accuracy is taken as the object function. Firstly, n feature candidates are arranged in a predefined order and then an n-bit binary number is constructed, in which each bit represents whether the corresponding feature is selected or not. Secondly, the binary number is converted to a chaotic variable, and then chaos search is employed to find the feature subset. Thirdly, classifiers are used to evaluate the performance of the feature subset found. Three classifiers are employed and the performance of CSFS is compared with that of a genetic-algorithm-based feature selection method (GAFS). The experimental result shows that the selection of the features can improve the accuracy of the classification of the weld defect and that the best feature subset is classifier dependent. The average classification accuracy of the weld defect when using the feature subset obtained by CSFS is 2.22% higher than that obtained by CAFS; meanwhile, the computation time is cut by 7.99%.


In this paper, an exoskeleton mechanical finger for rehabilitation has been designed. It has two finger knuckles which are driven by two cylinders separately. In the simulation process of ADAMS, the two cylinder driving stems are set different movement speeds and then the two finger-knuckles can be tracked as specific trajectories. The joint force and the torque curve of the exoskeleton mechanical finger at the point of the two knuckles can be got at different cylinder driving speeds.


Archaic hominins in the Middle East underscore local demographic diversity in the last half million years New genomic studies (1), new fossils (2, 3), and new dates of existing ones (4) suggest that our African origin has a deeper history—one that took place in the context of high population and lineage diversity and which was intermeshed by periods of contact with Eurasian hominins using the Middle East as a geographical bridge. On pages 1424 and 1429 of this issue, Herskovitz et al. (5) and Zaidner et al. (6), respectively, report new archaic Homo fossils and stone tools in Nesher Ramla, Israel, that date to about 126 thousand years (ka) ago. This discovery, at the crossroads of Africa and Eurasia, adds substantial complexity to our reconstruction of those potential interactions, raising questions about the co-existence of different hominin populations in this region and complex population dynamics in the Late Pleistocene.


An author social writer background much influence the literary work. Surrounding situation of an author often become an inspiration for their work. Literature as a result of an author meditation reflected social culture value. Social aspect connected with interaction pattern of society in daily activity. The social aspect related with social stratification, that is some kind of plating in society according to relation between human and group. Social culture value in novel "Midah si Manis Bergigi Emas" by Pramodya Ananta Toer are social moral, economy and realigius values.


In this manuscript, the epoxy composite materials were modified with boron nitride and alumina complex micron fillers. It could be observed that the epoxy composite materials with Al2O3 and BN mixture fillers could own high thermal conductivity. Specifically, the thermal conductivity of epoxy composite materials with 67%Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> and 3%BN reached 1.7 W7(m•k). With 5% of BN, agglomeration of its sheets would happen in the matrix which leads to decreasing of the thermal conductivity. Moreover, the mixing of 67%Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> particles and 3%BN micron sheets could increase the insulating strength comparing to the pure Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>. Thus, the epoxy composites with 67%Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> and 3%BN have high thermal conductivity and good insulation performance.


OUT OF THE SIMPLE BEGUILING PARADOX that language cannot express the inexpressible, Toronto-based filmmaker Peter Mettler has fashioned a daringly original and decidedly paradoxical cinematic career. Like Jorge Luis Borges, who admits he can only approximate infinities of time and space, Mettler uses the cinematic language of the images in succession to suggest what cannot be captured on film. In Mettler's films, images conjure much more than they represent. Adding to this anti-Grierson worldview—seeing isn't always believing—Mettler's ambivalence toward the technology of his chosen medium and his profound sense of wonder about the world, the paradoxes threaten to paralyze. Nevertheless, like Borges, Mettler knows that language, in whatever form, is all we have. Despite its limitations, it can be expanded to admit more possibilities, and the cinema of Peter Mettler is nothing if not expansive.


Is there a typically Southern European model of healthcare? To answer this question it is not enough to find similarities between the Greek, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese health systems: it is also necessary that these similarities be in some way distinctive. For this reason the author compares these Southern European countries with other Western European countries, in particular those which, like the southern countries, have adopted a national health service. Notwithstanding the eccentricities of the Greek case, this comparison shows how the four healthcare systems share certain characteristics which effectively distinguish them from their Northern European counterparts. These traits are particularly evident in the birth of the national health service, the legacy of the previous health insurance system, the composition of healthcare costs, the rule of private hospitals, the entitlements of patients, and patients' level of satisfaction with the healthcare system.


Recently we reported design approaches for the synthesis of multi-SQUID structures capable of providing high linearity voltage response. These structures were developed to form periodic voltage responses. This paper presents possible design solutions for multi-element structures providing SQIF-like high linearity voltage response. The approach is based on the use of a differential scheme of two parallel SQIFs with arrays oppositely frustrated by applied magnetic field deltaB. The differential scheme enables a high efficiency synthesis of highly linear SQIF response by subtraction of deviations from linear law.


Background: MRI is done extensively to assess knee injuries as clinical examination is difficult in painful knees. It is the need of the hour to know the accuracy and limitations of MRI in diagnosing meniscus and cruciate ligaments tears by comparing with arthroscopy, which is the gold standard in assessing the joints. Materials and methods: Prospective study of one hundred patients with clinically suspected internal injuries of knee, who underwent MRI knee and arthroscopy were assessed and compared for a period of two years from 2017 to 2019 in our hospital. Results: The accuracy of MRI in diagnosing medial meniscal injury is 89%, lateral meniscus is 95%. Accuracy of anterior cruciate ligament complete tear (97%) is higher than for partial tear (90%). Similar findings for posterior cruciate ligament as well, 100% in complete tear and 96% for partial tears. We had more number of false positives in diagnosing medial and lateral meniscal tears and partial tear of anterior cruciate ligament. Conclusion: MRI will be most accurate noninvasive modality in diagnosing meniscal and cruciate ligament tears, if the reporting radiologist is aware of the pitfalls of MRI in assessing these structures. However, MRI is the excellent screening tool to avoid unnecessary invasive diagnostic arthroscopies.


During the last few decades, several multi-criteria decision analysis methods have been proposed to help in selecting the best compromise alternatives. Among them, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and its applications have attracted much attention from academics and practitioners. However, since the early 1980s, critics have raised questions regarding its proper use. One of them concerns the unacceptable changes in the ranks of the alternatives, called rank reversal, upon changing the structure of the decision. Several modifications were suggested to preserve ranks. In this paper, a classification scheme and a comprehensive literature review are presented in order to uncover, classify and interpret the current research on AHP methodologies and rank reversals. On the basis of the scheme, 61 scholarly papers from 18 journals are categorized into specific areas. The specific areas include the papers on the topics of adding/deleting alternatives and the papers published in adding/deleting criteria. The scholarly papers are also classified by (1) year of publication, (2) journal of publication, (3) authors' geographic location and (4) using the AHP in association with other methods. It is hoped that the paper can meet the needs of researchers and practitioners for convenient references of AHP methodologies and rank reversals and hence promote the future of rank reversal research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The aim of the investigation is the registration and analysis of cognitive parameters in the alarm phase of the stress reaction during a conventional judo cross choking technique. 57 judoka (41 males, 16 females; mean age 23.1 ± 6.7 years) underwent a standardized cross-choking maneuvre (juji-jime), which lasted for 6–8 s until giving up, carried out by a black belt physician. The Stroop inference test was performed before and twice after the intervention. The reading velocity of the interference task was reduced by an average of 77.4 s to a mean of 74.4 s (p < 0.01)


The paper proposes a scaleable SRG-based restoration method in shared mesh wavelength-routed networks. We introduce a backup-SRG concept to identify which SRG is backed up by individual links. We have developed an admission control method for the backup path using the backup-SRG concept to achieve 100% recovery performance. The proposed method is extended to support networks with a large number of SRGs by introducing a hierarchical SRG assignment technique. Through computer simulation on the NSF network model, we confirmed that the proposed method achieves 100% recovery performance assuming a single link failure at the expense of 28.6% extra wavelength resource compared to the non-backup method. The proposed method requires less than 56.3% wavelength resource than that of the protection scheme while keeping 100% recovery performance. The hierarchical SRG assignment technique reduces the number of backup-SRGs to be used in admission control at each node at the expense of very little throughput degradation.


Related to a new kind of processing equipment for transmission belt——double-roll cutter. Facing to the domestic production status at present, introduced the working principle、 using performance and application property of the equipment. Simply described the economic、 utility and installation.


Ultrasonic testing technique is new used for inspecting small diameter tubes.In this paper,various parameters influencing the transverse cracks resulting of testing were studied and analyzed.Experiments on the change of sensitivity and echo waveform of defection with the parameters were conducted,and the results show that the amplitude curve and echo waveform of the defects are changed with the parameters.Better sensitivity for the transverse cracks testing obtained when k value of angle probe is small.


The define, characteristics, functions, architecture and key technology of grid are researched. The five levels hourglass model architecture, base functions of grid operation system and secure authentication technology are expounded in detail, as well as an architecture model, a mode of using grid and a resource managing model. The application fields of grid is discussed, and it pointed out that grid will become the new generation of network computing model and a new system of distributed computing and cooperative work environment.


The importance of the cryosphere and its interaction with other natural systems is described, and the potential contribution of radar altimetry to the understanding of cryospheric processes is outlined. The principles of radar altimetry are discussed, and beam-limited and pulse-limited modes of operation are compared. Pulse-limited operation over simple and complex surfaces, and performance requirements of an altimeter for ice studies are considered. Facets of the technical design of the Seasat altimeter are shown to have reduced performance over ice. Modifications are described and the results of tests using ice surface and instrument simulation software are given.-from STAR, 22(8), 1984


A week of events including the television series RX for Survival: A Global Health Challenge , broadcast on PBS from 1 to 3 November and available on VHS and DVD www.pbs.org/wgbh/rxforsurvival/index.html

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W ith the discovery of penicillin in the 1940s, scientists were confident that "humanity had finally won" in the war with microbes. Infectious diseases that had devastated the globe for centuries were in abeyance by the 1970s, and most people in developed countries did not fear the old scourges of smallpox, cholera, plague, malaria, and tuberculosis.

Since then, however, the world has been shocked by the rise of new plagues such as HIV/AIDS and SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), haemorrhagic fevers arising from Ebola and Marburg viruses, and the threat of avian influenza. But many old plagues still devastate developing countries, destabilising the global community and unnecessarily killing millions. In response, rock stars, developmental economists, billionaire entrepreneurs, and even occasional governments now recognise the need for commitment to global health.

Last week the US Public Broadcasting System (PBS) put out a six-part series entitled Rx for Survival , dedicated to explaining the historical successes and new challenges in infectious disease control. Time Magazine simultaneously staged a global health summit in New …

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In e-commerce, it is not hard to find a product title that doesn't match with the product image, or even is totally not relevant. A machine learning model can be employed to generate a suitable title product given a product image. In this paper, we describe the development of neural network model to address the aforementioned issue. We use Neural Image Caption (NIC) that is originally for general image captioning as our baseline model. We also describe the development of our own dataset to build the model, the modifications of NIC for product title generation, and the performance of the proposed model, which is measured by using BLEU score. The proposed model modifies the baseline by changing the CNN encoder with a fine-tuned MobileNetV2 and changing the inference technique to greedy search. We then provide performance evaluations for these modifications with respect to the baseline model. We also compare the model performance on the proposed preprocessed data and the raw (original) data. Training using the preprocessed dataset yields a model with a better performance than using raw data, both in higher BLEU score and faster inference time. Our modified model with fine-tuning MobileNetV2 has BLEU-1 score of 58.2, while the baseline model which uses GoogLeNet without fine-tuning has BLEU-1 score of 55.5. Furthermore, changing inference technique to greedy search results a faster inference time (0.1 seconds) compared to the baseline model that uses beam search with beam size of 20 (27.661 seconds). Our model is then implementable for the chosen problem domain, e-commerce product title generation, which needs fast inference time without sacrificing model performance.


Behaviors exhibited by prey species towards predators (including humans) can reduce feeding time and increase time spent in vigilance, thereby impacting animal condition and ultimately limit populations, even when actual mortality from predation is low. Here, we test whether behavioral profiles in an endangered ape, Javan gibbons (Hylobates moloch), correspond to varying degrees of human disturbance in a human-impacted sacred forest, Cagar Alam Leuweung Sancang, West Java. Data were collected August 2010–July 2011. Although all groups reacted differently to human presence, overall, gibbons responded by reducing time spent on conspicuous behavior (e.g., vocalizing, feeding, traveling, and social interactions) as the number of humans in the area increased or distance to the nearest human decreased. In addition, gibbon responses to encountering humans were also more like their responses to encountering potential predators than they were to encountering monkeys or other gibbons. These results support the hypothesis that as human presence and encounter rates increase, gibbons alter their behavior in ways consistent with anti-predator behaviors. Assessing how this endangered species responds to human presence is a vital part of their ultimate conservation.


With the increase in undergraduate teaching taking place within general practice, it is important that general practice (GP) teachers are offered training and developmental activities to support their educational work. It is also important that this support is well targeted, if it is to be effective in raising teaching quality. This study set out to elicit the views of GP teachers both in terms of the value of current developmental activities being provided by the Centre for General Practice and Primary Care (CGPPC), and action points for the future. A questionnaire was sent to each lead GP teacher at all 108 active teaching practices involved in community-based medical education. The responses indicated that student feedback reports, module specific training, peer observation and, importantly, the opportunity to network with peer tutors in other practices, were regarded as useful activities. The research demonstrates that GP teachers are well able to articulate their own support needs and the results set a clear agenda for working with practices based on a collaborative understanding. Education for Primary Care (2006) 17: 17–23 # 2006 Radcliffe Publishing Limited


The kinetics of performic acid decomposition was studied with a gas-volumetric technique in which we measured the volume of gas developed over time as a consequence of the reaction. Several kinetic runs were performed in the presence of catalytic amounts of H2SO4 and H3PO4 and in autocatalytic conditions by mixing solutions of HCOOH and H2O2. The trends of the curves of the gas volume (CO2) released, as a function of time, were all characterized by a more or less long induction time, followed by a straight line. Induction time appeared to be related to the kinetics of performic acid formation, rapidly reaching the equilibrium, while the successive linear trends corresponded to performic acid decomposition. A kinetic model was developed to interpret all the kinetic runs performed. The kinetic parameters with the best fits were determined, and the model was used to also simulate kinetic runs performed by other authors.


This paper presents formal approaches for assessing the integration of information system components. They were developed to support decisions in the strategic management of information systems. The fulfillment of integration requirements, the dependency of information system components on each other, and the heterogeneity of the integration infrastructure are the major assessment criteria.The meta-model 3LGM2A is the (semi-)formal base for methods introduced here. The fulfillment of integration requirements is checked by matching sets of application components that have specific requirements (requirements domains) with sets of application components that exchange data or call operations related to the requirements (communication domains). Requirements categories support the handling of the numerous specific requirements.For assessing the complexity of an information system or its subsystems the figures degree of informational dependence, degree of functional dependence, and degree of heterogeneity are defined.


Background and objectives:  Both the speed of commencement and the appropriateness of i.v. antibiotic administration influence outcomes in patients hospitalized with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). While quality improvement projects have been linked to better CAP management and outcomes, there are limited data evaluating simple and achievable interventions.


To avoid stress corrosion cracking, a method of producing tube-to-tubesheet joints with low residual stresses was sought. Hydraulic expansion was found to be an acceptable method. In this paper, the experimental and theoretical work done to determine these stresses is presented. The area of interest is the transition region between the expanded and unexpanded sections of tubing. X-ray diffraction, stress corrosion cracking test and strain gaging were the prime measuring techniques used. Extensive use of finite element analysis was also made. In addition, the pull strength, length change, etc., of this type of joint were investigated. 4 references, 8 figures.


Parenting which enhances child' s well-being and development has been of great interest to psychologists. Positive parenting was defined as parental behaviour based on the best interests of the child that is nurturing, non-violent, provides structure and recognition and enables empowerment (Council of Europe, 2007). Within the field of parenting adolescents, empirical findings showed that parental knowledge about adolescent' s daily activities, feelings and concerns was linked to numerous measures of adolescent adjustment, including adolescent' s well-being (Shek, 2006). Stattin and Kerr (2000) found that this parental knowledge came mainly from child' s disclosure which involves spontaneously revealing the information to parents without any prompting. However, we hypothesized that there were some parental behaviours that could either inhibit or facilitate child' s self-disclosure. In this study, focus groups were conducted to thoroughly investigate the adolescents' perceptions of potential parental behaviours, which discourage or encourage them to disclose. Four groups of 13 and 14 year old boys and girls participated in the study. The participants were asked to recall a situation in which they disclosed to their parent and to name any of parental behaviour occurred that encouraged them to do so. The participants were also invited to recall a situation in which they refused to disclose to their parent and to report about parental behaviours that discouraged them from disclosing. Group discussion was solicited and directed by moderator. In analysis of adolescents' responses, mentioned parental behaviours were categorized as " initiators" / positive reactions to self-disclosure, and " inhibitors" / negative reactions to self-disclosure. The findings are discussed in terms of contribution to understanding precursors of positive communication between parents and adolescents.


The Doppler spectrum (DS) of the signal backscattered at the low incidence angles from the sea surface was measured by the Ka-band radar in an experiment on a marine oceanographic platform. The directional elevation spectrum of sea waves was measured simultaneously by a six-string wave gauge mounted on a platform. At low incidence angles the backscattering mechanism is quasi-specular, and DS of the backscattered signal is calculated in the Kirchhoff approximation with the antenna pattern being taken into account. In the case of pure wind sea, the parameters of the sea waves spectrum model (wind speed and fetch) were retrieved by 2-D optimization method from measured DS shift and width. Sea wave propagation direction was obtained from the azimuthal dependence of Doppler shift. Analytical dependence of DS shift and width on incidence angle calculated from the spectrum model is in a good agreement with the experiment for incidence angles from 0° to 12°. Close values of significant wave height, the average wave period, and the variance of orbital velocities were obtained from the retrieved model spectrum and from the spectrum directly measured by the string wave gauge, which also proves the correctness of DS model.


Biochemical evidence is given of alpha-zearalanol (zeranol), zearalanone, and beta-zearalanol (taleranol) glucurono- and sulfoconjugation in the rat and pig. It is based on the use of liver microsomal and cytosolic fractions, incubation with labeled endogenous coupling substrates, i.e. UDP-glucuronic acid and sulfate, and HPLC profiling of the resulting incubates. It is proved that only monoconjugates are produced, while it is suggested that conjugation occurs on the aromatic ring. Whether it is the C-14 or C-16 hydroxyl group that is conjugated remains to be demonstrated. When comparing the metabolic profiles in vitro with those already obtained in pig plasma, it can be concluded that both glucurono- and sulfoconjugates are produced in vivo.


The central-bond shortening in disubstituted benzenes having an electron-withdrawing group and an electron-releasing group in para positions is well known. However, even in several disubstituted benzenes having electron-withdrawing groups in both para positions, X-ray analysis shows a central-bond shortening. In monosubstituted benzenes, the middle bonds and the bonds farthest from the substituent show bond shortenings which cannot be accounted for by librational motion alone, it is pointed out that these apparent shortenings are caused by the asymmetry of the charge distribution around the C atoms bonded to the H atoms. This charge asymmetry is to a large extent an artifact of the refinement procedure.


It is a Hochgradientenmagnetseparations device for the separation or purification of magnetic or magnetically labeled biological material having a magnet (7), a separation column (1) and can be arranged in an inner space of the separation column ferromagnetic matrix (2) and with a buffer solution for the equilibration of the separation column 1 and / or to the suspension of the biological material-containing reservoir (11), wherein in operation a of the magnet (7) generated magnetic field in the matrix (2) generate a high gradient and buffer solution from the reservoir (11), the separation column (1 can flow through). Here, the buffer solution to a base solution and macromolecules which saturate unspecific binding sites can the matrix (2).


('o~[rr is a user-oriented general-purpose symbolmaldpulat.ion programming language. [ t is user-oriented it~ that it is a high-level language that is easy to learn and to use. T h e use of Comw should minimize the user's time for p rogramming a problem, the computer time. needed for (.heckhtg it out, and thus the elapsed time required lo obtain a running program. I t is a general-purpose synd)ol-manipulation language in that it is especially (,o~ vonient for problems ranging from nmchanical translation Io itfformation retrieval, and fl'on~ theorem proving to ihe maintenance of predominantly non-numerical {:i les. ( ' omT was originally conceived as a special-purpose t:)r,A)len>oriented programming language for research (m ihe m(~chanical translation into English of languages such as ( ; e r m a n and Russian. I t was based on a notation in daily use I~ 3, some of the linguists working on this pr(,hhml a t 5[ . I .T . Some of the individual features of *h(' notat ion were dropped as inappropriate, and marly features were added to convert it to a programming language. It was soon realized that the requirements of mc,.'hanieal i ranslation could not be used for the complete (leSnitiotl of a programming language because the proMem of meclmrfieal translation was partially unsoh'ed and it, was not: k n o w n where some of the solutions might lie or what tyDes of programs might be needed. For this reason the notatiott was consciously broadened so as to be potentiaily useful for as wide a class of symbol manipulation p rob lems as possible. At this point the emphasis shifted f rom problem orientation to user orientation, and


Microgrids and Hybrid Electric Vehicles rely on parallel DC/DC converters for power generation. DC/DC converters are connected in parallel to share the same load. The control signals are distributed through wires. The wiring increases the complexity and reduces the reliability. The recent advances in shared wireless networks made them viable and cheap alternative to direct wiring. Distributing the control signals over shared networks reduces the complexity in the wiring and enhances the reliability. Transmitting control signals through shared network induces time delay and data loss which may destabilize the system. These imperfections make the system stochastic and in many cases these imperfection can be modeled using Markov chains. This paper presents the stabilization of parallel DC/DC converters over stochastic nondeterministic network represented by Markov chains.


The concept of ecliptic and ecliptic coordinate system were first introduced into astronomical measurement and calculation during the Han Dynasty. This paper investigates the Han measurements related to the ecliptic system: the position of the winter solstice, the obliquity of the ecliptic , and the longitudinal width of the 28 lunar mansions. In doing these we illustrate the role and implication of the ecliptic on astronomy during the Han Dynasty. The paper also studies the data of the huangdao neiwai du in the Shishi Xingjing star catalogue, the first star catalogue in China. Our analysis shows that the huangdao neiwai du is equivalent to the distance to the ecliptic as measured along the great hour circle, and the data are most probably measured during the Later Han Dynasty. In the end of this paper, we argue that the development of the ecliptic system was due to the influence of the huntian cosmographical theory, which was to replace the gaitian theory to start a revolution in ancient Chinese astronomy.


All human societies desire growth and development especially the rural-based which are characterized by economic backwardness, the absence of basic social amenities, abject poverty and high level of illiteracy. This gap can be reduced when the people living in rural areas are incorporated in the national development plan. It is pertinent to note that any policy meant to upgrade and develop rural communities must involve agricultural and cottage industries sector as poverty Reduction measures. The gap that exists between the haves and the have-nots in the developing countries is continuously widening as a result of the absence of sound social development policies that will ensure redistribution of resources to touch members of every society. This paper discusses the comparative rural development, inclusive growth and poverty alleviation strategies of Nigeria and India. The improvement of the living standard of the rural dwellers would help to alleviate poverty without jeopardizing their rights as citizens. The paper also discussed the rural development and poverty alleviation policies of the two countries. The revelation is that India is doing well in the implementation of these policies than Nigeria. Therefore, Nigeria should learn from India regarding proper implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of such policies for the betterment of the country for other African countries to follow. Article visualizations:


□ The project involved community pharmacists receiving specialised training, becoming integrated into the community mental health teams and providing pharmaceutical care when making joint domiciliary visits with the key workers.


McNeil Consumer & Specialty Pharmaceuticals has launched an on-line educational campaign to inform patients of the importance of the proper use and storage of medications and of maintaining a healthy medicine cabinet. The campaign comes on the heels of a recent survey conducted for McNeil by Harris Interactive. The survey found that nearly half (46%) of American adults have taken an expired over-the-counter (OTC) medication.


THE recognition of the potentiality of Social Science Research in expanding range of policy choices, examining feasibility of alternative projects, assisting in the planning of goals and improving process of administration is gaining ground. The increasing attention being paid to the strengthening of bureaus of Economic and Social Research, establishment of Evaluation Directorates, increasing allocation for policy research contracts to research institutes and university departments, appointments of social scientists as programme advisers and members of study panels are indicative of the developments in this direction. A variety of emerging circumstances account for this development of administrative interest in Social Science Research.


An accident is a life changing, shocking, abrupt, and unexpected external action which occurs at an instance and at any place, with no apparent fault or deliberate reason but with major impacts. Carelessness of the driving force is the major factor of such accidents. The traffic authorities provide a lot of instructions to the vehicle operators. But many of them don't obey the principles. In today's day of age ensuring that riders follow safety protocols is much more difficult than anticipated for the government to track and regulate. But still the principles are being violated by the users. so as to beat this we introduce an intelligent system, Smart Helmet, which automatically checks whether the person is wearing the helmet and has nonalcoholic breath while driving. Here we've a transmitter at the helmet and therefore the receiver at the bike. there's a switch wont to sure the wearing of helmet on the top. The switch is in ON condition ensures that the helmet is placed and safely secured by the rider. An alcohol detecting sensor is placed near to the mouth piece of the rider at the inside of helmet to detect the presence of alcohol. The data to be transferred is sent using LoRa Module from transmitter on helmet. The receiver at the bike also receives the data through LoRa. The engine should not be able to turn ON if any of the two conditions is violated. Main control unit has complete control over the function of relay and thus control over the ignition, it is able to control the engine via a relay and an interfacing circuit.


In actual agricultural production, many factors affect grain yield. Among them, non-linear factors such as climate, capital, land directly affect farmers' enthusiasm for production and significantly impact production forecasts. Based on the BP neural network, this paper considers the influence of various non-linear factors on grain yield. It then establishes models through machine learning to realize grain yield forecasting and management by using different economic factors. It provides a helpful reference for formulating macroeconomic policies, sustainable agricultural policies, and regulating grain yield


Apparatus (10) is configured to deliver the fracture energy stone (24). Apparatus (10), the detector operable to acquire image data from the stone (24) and (18), generating program operates according to one or more product parameters for generating the fracture energy (42) When, and a video processor unit that receives the image data from the detector (18) (32). Video processor unit (32) is operative to analyze the image data to determine the displacement of the stone (24) with respect to the previous position of the stone (24). Controller linked to the video processor unit (32) and the generator (42) is operative to change one or more production parameters stone generation program in response to the displacement of the (24) (42) . Method implemented by the device (10) is further provided.


This paper discusses and evaluates the impact of the introduction of a concierge service into problematic tower blocks. The argument presented is that concierges have a particular significance in mediating design and management improvements in a time of change, and that one consequence of this has been to contribute to a more positive relationship between the housing organisation and tenants. The analysis is located within a wider discussion of the nature of caretaking, and makes detailed reference to one case study area. This case study demonstrates how concierges have used their unique position within the housing management service to develop a particular area of their work, the social and welfare role, and that this, together with their control over space, has been instrumental in situating them as mediators of change.


Combining with project examples,via introduction of adopting cast-in-place concrete hollow flat slab instead of traditional beam and slab structure construction technology,the author elucidates that this technology has simple and convenient,rapid construction speed,effective cost reduction and improving space efficient characteristics.


"aurophos" again, when the same serious condition as before appeared after the third injection. Dr. PARKES WEBER said that the purpura was a very interesting feature of the eruption, and one must conclude that the solganol had gravely damaged at least the cutaneous capillary blood-vessels of the legs. It was becoming more generally recognized that purpura was sometimes due to the use of various drugs. Some of the recently reported cases of purpura annularis Majocchi seemed to be due to the use of abasin or adalin-cf. the remarkable example in a doctor, aged 58 years, recently reported by Professor Morawitz, Sammlung von I'ergiftlungsfllen, Berlin, 1931, volume 2, p. 71. Dr. ALLEN said he had given solganol for late syphilis, as advised by Professor Heuck, but had not found it of any value. On one occasion a toxic erythrodermia occurred. He had heard of an unpublished case of fatal purpura hmemorrhagica following the use of sanocrysin in tuberculosis, and another similar case associated with dermatitis and nephritis was to be found in the German literature. In the cases of arsenobenzene purpura, reported from St. Thomas's Hospital, a granulocytopenia was found to be more characteristic than a thrombocytopenia.


The tension applied to the girth is usually based on an individual's experience rather than by scientific measurement or procedure. The equine thorax is a dynamic structure, and therefore the actual readings of girth tensions at rest and during exercise (actual tension) are likely to vary from the tension to which the girth was intended to be tightened at rest while standing (intended tension). This study was undertaken to determine the variability of girth tensions at rest and during exercise. A total of 19 Hanoverian horses were lunged on a 20 m circle in walk, trot and canter on both reins. In a randomized design, each horse was exposed to intended tensions 6, 10, 14 and 18 kg (saddle and girth at appropriate intended tensions). Girth tension was measured and recorded continuously using an in-line load cell. Intended girth tensions were not significantly different with mean actual girth tensions while standing. Actual girth tensions increased significantly ( P P P


Mitotane is an adrenolytic drug that is used as an adjuvant to treat adrenocortical carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical course and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying ovarian cyst formation in women of reproductive age diagnosed with adrenocortical carcinoma and being treated with mitotane as an adjuvant to surgery.


Mobile edge computing (MEC) effectively integrates wireless network and Internet technologies and adds computing, storage, and processing functions to the edge of cellular networks. This new network architecture model can deliver services directly from the cloud to the very edge of the network while providing the best efficiency in mobile networks. However, due to the dynamic, open, and collaborative nature of MEC network environments, network security issues have become increasingly complex. Devices cannot easily ensure obtaining satisfactory and safe services because of the numerous, dynamic, and collaborative character of MEC devices and the lack of trust between devices. The trusted cooperative mechanism can help solve this problem. In this paper, we analyze the MEC network structure and device-to-device (D2D) trusted cooperative mechanism and their challenging issues and then discuss and compare different ways to establish the D2D trusted cooperative relationship in MEC, such as social trust, reputation, authentication techniques, and intrusion detection. All these ways focus on enhancing the efficiency, stability, and security of MEC services in presenting trustworthy services.


This dictionary brings together in one volume the biographies of over 200 individuals who have made major contributions to the Liberal Party, SDP or Liberal Democrats, or to the development of British Liberalism.


This invention provides a nickel-rhenium alloy powder suitable particularly for the formation of an internal electrode layer for a stacked ceramic electronic component. The nickel-rhenium alloy powder is characterized by comprising nickel as a main component and further comprising 0.1 to 10% by weight of rhenium and 50 to 10,000 ppm, in terms of silicon atom, of silicon. The powder, optionally together with other additive(s), is homogeneously mixed and dispersed in an organic vehicle to prepare a conductor paste. The use of the nickel-rhenium alloy powder particularly for the formation of an internal electrode for a stacked ceramic electronic component is advantageous in that, even in a very fine powder, the start and progress of sintering in a sintering step are slow, and, thus, the sintering shrink behavior of the electrode layer can be rendered similar to the sintering shrink behavior of the ceramic layer. Further, spheroidizing of the electrode attributable to oversintering does not take place. Therefore, an internal electrode, which is thinner and denser and has excellent continuity, can be provided.


We prove that the main theorem for absolutely monotonic functions from the book Mitrinovi\'{c}~D.S., Pe\v{c}ari\'{c}~J.E., Fink~A.M. "Classical And New Inequalities In Analysis", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993, is not valid without additional restrictions.


Tension-free, open-mesh, inguinal herniorrhaphies have gained wide acceptance. Current mesh techniques reinforcing the internal ring do not provide a comfortable lay to the mesh. To address this, we used the internal ring occlusion and floor support (IROFS) technique. A retrospective review was undertaken of all hernias operated on with the IROFS technique from January 2001 to December 2006. Five hundred twenty-five inguinal hernia repairs were done in 477 male patients. Telephone questionnaires looking into their postoperative course and recurrence were recorded. We contacted 275 (58%) patients. Patients' ages ranged from 29 to 81 years (mean, 57 years). The hernia was indirect in 50 per cent (n = 146), direct in 35 per cent (n = 102), or both in 15 per cent (n = 44) of patients. The average operative time was 40 minutes. Acute wound pain lasted for less than 1 week in 55 per cent (n = 151) and for 1 to 2 weeks in 24 per cent (n = 66). Postoperative analgesic requirement was less than 1 week in 54 per cent (n = 147) and 1 to 2 weeks in 27 per cent (n = 74). Most patients returned to their daily activities in 2 weeks (75%) and to work in 3 weeks (74%). Chronic pain lasted for 6 to 48 months (mean, 20 months) in only seven patients. No recurrence of hernia was observed during follow-up visits (range, 26-96 months; mean, 53 months). In conclusion, IROFS can be performed with little difficulty, is cost-effective, and is well tolerated by the patient.


Summary Experts in spelling have not investigated the specific effects of the presence of adjoining consonant letters on the spelling difficulty of monosyllabic words. The findings of a study of the presence of consonant clusters and digraphs in such words spelled by second‐, third‐ and fourth‐grade children reveal that these letter clusters create significant spelling problems for them. The effect of these letter clusters dissipates as children mature in their spelling skills. There is room for remarkable improvement in children's spelling of words containing consonant clusters and digraphs. Suggestions for instruction for this end are provided.


Ralph Assmann (RA) introduced to everybody Prof. Alexander Ryazanov, from Kurchatov Institute. Prof. Alexander Ryazanov (AR) has recently started a collaboration with CERN on material studies for the LHC collimators. The collaboration has been organized as a shared program between the LHC Collimation Project (RA) and the Protection Project (Rudiger Schmidt). The goal is to understand better what will happen to collimator and protection devices when interacting with the LHC beams. AR is an expert of material science, in particular of material damage from exposition to radiation and neutrons. It is hoped that the knowledge of AR and his team will be helpful also for our collimator studies. For example, a question of great interest for us is how long the LHC collimator material (C) will resit, knowing the expected number of protons that will hit the graphite jaws. AR has been at CERN for approximately one month to get contacts with the people involved in this collaboration. On May 12th, a more restricted meeting took place between AR and various members of the collimator team to discuss in more technical details the effects relevant for future collimator material studies. The minutes of this meeting are appended below for whom is interested. In the Collimation Working Group, AR has briefly summarized his views on how he could help us. People involved in this studies, can be contacted at the following e-mail addresses: firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com AR is convinced that interesting new phenomena will be found by studying the extreme conditions of a 7 TeV proton beam interacting with the LHC collimators. AR believes that, in order to estimate the collimator life time, future studies should focus on the topics listed below. These issues are also important to study the degradation of thermal and electrical properties of the collimators due to radiation.


tirés par les cheveux. The given theme, that of the World Tour, is a catch-all, allowing contributions to explore the global reception of the series, but also different theoretical approaches, conversion to alternative media, and — a major preoccupation — the techniques, challenges, and specificities of translation. The twenty-six authors represent a broad cross-section of disciplines, countries, and career stages, but noticeably, with the exception of two professional translators, all have university affiliations, even if only a handful of those could claim bande dessinée as central to their day job. Unlike Caesar's Gaul, the work is divided into four parts: (1) reception and diffusion, including sales development in Europe and America; (2) theoretical approaches and readings — the most diverse section — including musings on political significance by reference to de Gaulle, medieval social structures reflected in the Astérix set-up, a close reading of La Zizanie drawing on communicative norms, the use of Latin jokes in linguistic terms, and the (non-)role of women; (3) translations, including into English, Latin, Greek, and Japanese; and (4) adaptations, particularly for cinema and video games. The volume does have a certain amount of detail overlap (for instance, on examples of challenging translations, such as the 'Radeau de la Méduse' scene in Astérix légionnaire), and at times can get dangerously close to 'explaining the jokes' while not broaching the pivotal place of the series in the broader evolution of BD as a genre per se. But on the whole there is as much erudition as diversity. Le Tour du monde d'Astérix stands as an indication of what is possible, as at last even the Gauls have fallen prey to a collective work with footnotes.


The adaptive transmission jointly considering adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ) has been applied to MIMO systems to provide high spectral efficiency and link robustness. However, the adaptive transmission requires knowledge of the channel state information (CSI) and in practice perfect CSI is rarely available. In this paper, under the condition of finite-length buffer, the queuing characteristics of the Zero-Forcing (ZF) detection MIMO systems combining with adaptive transmission in the presence of imperfect CSI are analyzed. We use Markov-chain-based analytical framework to investigate the performance of the systems and derive the close form expressions for the throughput, packet loss rate and average delay, from which we can maximize the overall system throughput under the specified QoS constraints through numerical search. The simulation results demonstrate the verification of the performance analysis.


The origin, development and main equipments of spunbond nonwoven production technology were presented. The characteristics of different spunbond nonwoven production lines and their products were analysed and compared. The development future of spunbond nonwoven technology was discussed.


After a review of the principal data on existing magnetic isotope separators, the Dresden magnetic separator was described with respect to the radiation processes, construction, and operation. By suitable curvature of plasma columns and optics of the ion source, a beam cross-over of the ion surface was caused in the 60 deg separation magnets; the volume of the magnetic field was therefore reduced and the weight of the magnets with respect to large installations with similar mass transport was reduced from 200 to 20 tons. By strongly reducing the oil vapor partial pressure in the radiation space, it was possible to strongly reduce the expenditure for evacuation. After a brief description of the ion source and the pressure ratios in the installation, the results of a separation study with Mg were reported. Its analysis shows an enrichment comparable with other large apparatus. (tr-auth)


Higher order modulation is widely used in modern Communication systems such as OFDM and CA which lead to high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). It's crucial for radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) to maintain high efficiency not only at saturation, but also output power back-off working condition. Sequential Power Amplifier (SPA) is a technique proposed in recent years to reach these demands. Based on academic researches, the development of broadband high-efficiency SPA is reviewed. Finally, the developing trend of SPA is presented.


We study the problem of locating a public facility on a real line or an interval, when agents' costs are their (expected) distances from the location of the facility. Our goal is to minimize the maximum envy over all agents, which we will refer to as the minimax envy objective, while at the same time ensuring that agents will report their most preferred locations truthfully. First, for the problem of locating the facility on a real line, we propose a class of truthful-in-expectation mechanisms that generalize the well-known LRM mechanism [Procaccia and Tennenholtz, 2009; Alon et al., 2009], the best of which has performance arbitrarily close to the social optimum. Then, we restrict the possible locations of the facility to a real interval and consider two cases; when the interval is determined relatively to the agents' reports and when the interval is fixed in advance. For the former case, we prove that for any choice of such an interval, there is a mechanism in the aforementioned class with additive approximation arbitrarily close to the best approximation achieved by any truthful-in-expectation mechanism. For the latter case, we prove that the approximation of the best truthful-in-expectation mechanism is between 1/3 and 1/2.


OBJECTIVE To observe the safety of Lindera aggregata leaves.METHODS Acute toxicity tests were conducted maximal tolerance method. RESULTS The male and female mice fed by MTD10.0 g·kg-1) were actually beloned g to non-toxic level. Among all the different level in Ames test of the genetic toxicity experiments, regardless of whether or not to join S9 mixture liquid, the change counts were no more than the spontaneous return of variables two times, and no measure-response relationship could be observed. And the positive control group showed strong mutagenic effects. In bone marrow micronucleus test of animals in all test dose, the PCE appearance rate and PCE/PBC compared with the negative control group, there was no significant difference(P0.05), while the positive compared with the negative control group, the difference was significant (P0.05) and showed the strong mutagenic effect. Tests in mice sperm abnormality in the negative control group showed the abnormality rate of 1.98%. The positive control group(cyclophosphamide used by the group) showed the rate of 5.24%, and result that compared with the negative ones showed significant difference (P0.05). The three groupg with different of level medicine showed the sperm abnormality rate of 2.04%、 2.00% and 2.08%, which didn't show the significant difference (P0.05).The result showed that for rats 30 d fed by Lindera aggregate leaves in the normal condition their weight、food efficiency hematology blood chemistry histopathology were normal. CONCLUSION Lindera aggregate leaves belong to the non-toxic level, no genetic toxicity, and can be used for long-term administration.


ABSTRACT This paper suggests a cross-country comparative framework for the study of inter-organizational relationships. It provides a perspective that links the micro-, meso- and macro-levels of analysis, dealing with the following issues: (a) the role of socio-organizational factors in relationships across organizational boundaries; (b) legal contractual arrangements, human capital features, and the practices of using information and communication technologies as key factors in the environment in which inter-organizational relationships are embedded; and (c) convergence versus divergence of cultural and institutional patterns of national business systems. Also, the effects of governance regime (Anglo-Saxon vis-à-vis Continental-European) and population size (large vis-à-vis small) are argued to play an important role in determining the quality of inter-organizational relationships across Western European national business systems. The conceptual argument presented in this article is illustrated by reference to Germany, the UK, The Netherlands and Ireland.


The principle,models and realization processes of the ant colony algorithm are summarily reviewed in this paper.The results show that the algorithm is practical and effective. And the paper gives a new way for solving similar complicated mechanical optimization problems.


Data science is a difficult subject to learn because it requires a wide range of prerequisite skills. This paper describes a data science teaching practice that has been running for over three years for students in two different non-computer science pathways including CIT (computing and information technology) and BIT (business information technology) at the school of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EEECS) in Queen's University Belfast (QUB). In this paper, a novel framework is proposed by which student learning experiences are personalized before the module begins in an academic year. By identifying each student's requirements and skills to focus on using a multilevel assessment approach, individualized content recommendations for each student will be provided in the first week of teaching. This enables each learner to concentrate on essential customized learning content materials and self-directed learning. Some preliminary evidence for the efficacy of this framework in improving student learning experience is discussed.


Consumers who purchase products from foreign countries and deliver them back to Korea are increasing. According to the Korea Fashion & Textile News (2015), overseas direct shopping reported 39% increase compared to 2013. Furthermore, clothes accounted for 19% of product category. Therefore, the service quality of overseas purchase sites is becoming more important, but studies have been limited. this research focuses on investigating the effects of consumers' shopping orientation on service quality and the effects of service quality on trust, satisfaction, and consumer loyalty. The survey was administered to consumers who had experiences in purchasing through overseas direct purchase websites. The results showed that the perception of service quality differed depending on the respondent's shopping orientation. Among the four shopping orientation groups(shopping confidence, shopping enjoyment, trend pursuit, and shopping follower groups), the shopping confidence group showed the highest mean for all service quality factors. All the groups showed the highest scores on product and trust among the factors of service quality. Next, the results revealed that service quality positively influenced consumers' trust on websites that provide overseas direct purchase services, which further improved customer loyalty. Therefore, the study gives managerial suggestions to online retailers that provide oversea shopping service. They need to provide higher site efficiency, security, product reliability, and responsiveness to cultivate international customers' trust and satisfaction. In particular, it will be important for them to offer accurate, reliable product information and various languages for overseas customers.


The extended net fractional depth dose (ENFD) is developed from the net fractional depth dose (NFD) previously described for unit‐density media, basically by scaling the two geometric parameters, the side of the equivalent square field, and the depth along the ray by the relative electron density. Specifically, in the analytical description for the NFD, the geometric depth is replaced by the radiologic depth and, along the ray path, the geometric field side is scaled by the relative electron density. Interface effects on the electron and scattered‐photon fluences are accounted for. In addition, a simple function is developed to correct for the effect of lateral as well as longitudinal electron transport at the central ray. In the present work the inhomogeneities are assumed to be of planar parallel shape and to extend across the entire beam. The treatment of smaller inhomogeneities is outlined but will be treated in detail separately. Calculated results are compared to measured and calculated data from the literature for 6 0Co and 10‐MV x rays, and to 15‐MV data measured at the NCI.


Internal genitalic organs of two species i.e. antica Walker and devisa Walker of genus Agylla Walker have been studied and illustrated for the first time. Morphological and morphometrical measurements of these organs have also been discussed in this manuscript.


Thinking of joining an ACO and not sure if it's the right fit for your practice? Here are a few things to know before you sign up.


Abstract A simple satellite is a symmetric gyro. Satellites are used for communications, weather forecasts, surveying and in several other scientific and military applications. In particular, for military use secure communications are very important. As chaotic signals are usually broadband and noise like, synchronized chaotic systems can be used as cipher generators for secure communication. This paper presents chaos synchronization of two identical chaotic motions of symmetric gyros. It has been demonstrated that applying four different kinds of one-way coupling conditions can synchronize two identical chaotic systems. The sign of the sub-Liapunov exponent has been used as an indicator for the occurrence of chaos synchronization. It has also been found that when chaos synchronization occurs the positive major sub-Liapunov exponent transverses the zero value and becomes negative for the last time. Chaos synchronization can also be shown by phase trajectory. In addition, synchronization time is also examined. Furthermore, it has been found that different distances of the initial conditions between the master system and slave system do not affect the occurrence of chaos synchronization.


In this paper, we have related isotopic values for limestones filling the interpillow spaces in Cretaceous basalts from Hole 417D to petrographic texture rather than stratigraphic position. Samples were separated into seven categories of progressive recrystallization of pelagic oozes or secondary calcite development. Scanning electron microscope analysis confirms occurrence of some relict nannofossils. Two stages of calcite formation are suggested by isotopic groupings. Lower-level neomorphic transformations of pelagic ooze have δ 1 8 θ ratios of about 0 to — 1 per mil PDB and δC ratios of about +2 to +3 per mil PDB, indicating nearnormal, bottom-sea-water sources. Some coarsely crystalline calcites, in association with altered glass rinds, have δ 1 8 θ ratios between —4 and —5 per mil PDB. We suggest that early rift-valley pillow flows plunged into ponded carbonate oozes. These oozes quickly recrystallized to hinder circulation and help preserve some Cretaceous basaltic glass.


In a circuit element group, each group of elements are described in the standard of the element, the temperature detector operating at high temperatures or fatal. A first signal representing a first element is transmitted down to the temperature of the second element group. If the second element is operated at a temperature or a lower temperature of the first element, the first downward signal is transmitted unchanged from the second element. However, the second signal of the second element if the second element temperature at a higher temperature, then the second element generating said second signal is transmitted to the next. Indicating the detection of signals in the set maximum temperature final master controller, the master controller in accordance with signals received from the set, so that the group of normal operation, so that the group slows or stops the group.


Cementoblastoma is an odontogenic neoplasm arising from neoplastic cemental tissue. It is rare as it accounts for less than 1% of all odontogenic tumours. Most cases are asymptomatic and detected on routine radiological examination although symptomatic cases have also been reported. The present report describes a case of cementoblastoma in association with the mandibular third molar which was asymptomatic but exhibited cortical plate expansion on clinical examination.


The principal objective of the research focuses on the intensification of the batch and continuous crystallization processes through enhanced nucleation control, proper plug flow conditions in continuous tubular crystallizers and development of advanced image analysis based PAT tool for process monitoring. Nucleation control is addressed through manipulation of the number of crystals in the crystallizer; by either controlling the rate of nuclei formation or through dissolution of the excess nuclei to limit the nucleation overshoot or through continuous seeding in case of flow crystallizer to suppress nucleation in the tubes. The following topics are addressed: 1. The efficiency of the Direct Nucleation Control(DNC) strategy using microwave heating. 2. Induction of high nucleation rates at low supersaturation by the application of laser or ultrasound energy. 3. Combination of the ultrasound assisted internal seed generation in the continuous tubular crystallizer, under plug flow conditions. 4. Characterization of nucleation and the crystal properties through development of in-situ imaging based PAT technology.


Background: Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand consistently place near the top of the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Index (HDI) rankings, yet all have minority Indigenous populations with much poorer health and social conditions than non-Indigenous peoples. It is unclear just how the socioeconomic and health status of Indigenous peoples in these countries has changed in recent decades, and it remains generally unknown whether the overall conditions of Indigenous peoples are improving and whether the gaps between Indigenous peoples and other citizens have indeed narrowed. There is unsettling evidence that they may not have. It was the purpose of this study to determine how these gaps have narrowed or widened during the decade 1990 to 2000.


To explore the efficacy of contingent triple‐screening for Down syndrome (DS), that is, performing triple‐screening in pregnant women with DS risks between 1/270 and 1/1000 at routine double‐screening, in a Mainland Chinese population.


Abstract The aim of this paper is to offer a critical discussion of the role of native and foreign accents in L2 pronunciation teaching. Several studies concluded that classroom practices of grammar instruction are strongly influenced by teaching cultures. We will examine whether this is also the case for pronunciation teaching. While the CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) recognises accent as a pivotal aspect in language learning, textbooks rarely account for phonetic variation. Examples from French reveal the importance of both teaching cultures and (standard) language ideologies which directly affect the way accents are treated in L2 instruction. These findings highlight the urgency to reassess the construct of nativeness in pronunciation instruction and to adapt curriculum planning to meet the needs of L2 language teaching in complex multilingual and multicultural settings.


Features of the mechanical properties and fabric handle of polyester-fibre 'Shingosen' fabrics are studied precisely by the objective-evaluation method of fabric handle. The distinctive features are clearly shown for each 'Shingosen' type, classified conventionally as: New Silky, Peach Face, Rayon Touch, and New Worsted fabrics, which were produced more recently (1991–92). A new classification based on the main technique for producing 'Shingosen' fabrics is proposed as: Contractile Fibers, Irregular Shapes, Yarn Processing, and Ultra-fine Fibres groups. It is shown clearly that the Irregular Shapes group corresponds well lo the New Silky type and that the Yarn Processing group corresponds to the New Worsted type. Three independent types of primary handle, FUKURAMI, HARI, and SHARI, were selected for 'Shingosen' fabrics by cluster analysis, and the corresponding three fabric groups, FUKURAMI group (high FUKURAMI), HARI group (high HARI), and SIHNAYAKASA group (low SHARI), are defined. 'Shin-Shingosen' fabr...


Motion prediction for the leading vehicle is a critical task for connected autonomous vehicles. It provides a method to model the leading-following vehicle behavior and analysis their interactions. In this study, a joint time-series modeling approach for leading vehicle trajectory prediction considering different driving styles is proposed. The proposed method enables a precise and personalized trajectory prediction for the leading vehicle based on limited inter-vehicle communication signals, such as the vehicle speed and acceleration of the front vehicles. Three different driving styles are first recognized based on an unsupervised clustering algorithm, namely, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). The GMM generates a specific driving style for each vehicle based on the speed, acceleration, jerk, time, and space headway features of the leading vehicle. The feature importance of driving style recognition is also evaluated based on the Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC) algorithm. Then, a personalized joint time series modeling (JTSM) method based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network model (RNN) is proposed to predict the front vehicle trajectories. The JTSM contains a common LSTM layer and different fully connected regression layers for different driving styles. The proposed method is tested with the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) data on the US101, and I-80 highway dataset. The JTSM is tested for making predictions one to five seconds ahead. Results indicate that the proposed personalized JTSM approach shows a significant advantage over the baseline algorithms.


OBJECTIVE To explore the causes of sepsis gathering in the neonates,analyze the risk factors,and observe the effect of prevention and control so as to provide basis for the control of nosocomial infection.METHODS The epidemiological investigation was conducted for 4 cases of sepsis that occurred in the neonate department in Oct 2012,including the underlying diseases in the neonates,environmental microbiology,disinfection and sterilization indicators,and history of epidemics.RESULTS Enterobacter cloacaes was isolated from the blood culture of 3 of 4 neonates with sepsis,with the same drug resistance spectrum;Staphylococcus haemolyticus was isolated from one case.For the hand hygiene sampling from one nurse,the bacterial colony count was 30CFU/cm2;for the sampling from the environmental hygiene monitoring of one bedrail,the bacterial colony count was 90CFU/cm2,E.cloacae and S.haemolyticus have not been detected.There were 3 neonates with skin swelling on needle indwelling site.All the 4 neonates were cured and discharged after anti-infection therapy.CONCLUSIONAll the 4 neonates were preterm with low birth weight,among which 3 were multiple births,thus the low specific and non-specific immune function is the predominant predisposing factor for the sepsis in the preterm neonates,and the arterial and venous catheter indwelling is the high risk factor.


This paper describes techniques for optimizing range checks performed to detect array bound violations. In addition to the elimination of range checks, the optimizations discussed in this paper also reduce the overhead due to range checks that cannot be eliminated by compile-time analysis. The optimizations reduce the program execution time and the object code size through elimination of redundant checks, propagation of checks out of loops, and combination of multiple checks into a single check. A minimal control flow graph (MCFG) is constructed using which the minimal amount of data flow information required for range check optimizations is computed. The range check optimizations are performed using the MCFG rather the CFG for the entire program. This allows the global range check optimizations to be performed efficiently since the MCFG is significantly smaller than the CFG. Any array bound violation that is detected by a program with all range checks included, will also be detected by the program after range check optimization and vice versa. Even though the above optimizations may appear to be similar to traditional code optimizations, similar reduction in the number of range checks executed can not be achieved by a traditional code optimizer. Experimental results indicate that the number of range checks performed in executing a program is greatly reduced using the above techniques.


The Ising magnetic systems physics of the spin glass state replica method replica symmetry breaking physics of the replica symmetry breaking replica symmetry breaking solution near Tc ultrametricity scaling in the space of spin glass states experiments partial annealing statistical models of neural networks the Hopfield model partial annealing in neural networks other kinds of neural networks. Appendix: stability of the replica-symmetric solutions.


From 2015–2017, the atmospheric PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 in Wuhu and Bengbu were investigated in this study. In addition, the AQI values and seasonal variations in six AQI classes and corresponding primary pollutants were also studied. In Wuhu, the daily AQI ranged from 23 to 298 in 2015, from 33 to 290 in 2016, and from 34 to 278 in 2017, and the corresponding mean values were 81, 80 and 90, respectively. In Bengbu, the daily AQI ranged from 23 to 288 in 2015, from 32 to 286 in 2016, and from 27 to 500 in 2017, and the corresponding mean values were 88, 89 and 97, respectively. During the three-year study, in Wuhu, the mean proportion of levels with Grade I, II, III, IV, V and VI were 9.33%, 69.3%, 18.3%, 3.00%, 0% and 0% in spring; were 35.0%, 55.0%, 7.00%, 3.00%, 0% and 0% in summer; were 13.6%, 65.0%, 18.0%, 3.33%, 0% and 0% in fall, and were 5.33%, 48.7%, 30.7%, 9.67%, 5.67% and 0% in winter. In Bengbu, the mean proportion of levels with Grade I, II, III, IV, V and VI were 3.00%, 64.0%, 30.3%, 2.67%, 0.333% and 0.333% in spring; were 19.3%, 68.7%, 11.3%, 0.667%, 0% and 0% in summer; were 20.7%, 56.3%, 17.3%, 4.67%, 1.00% and 0% in fall, and were 9.67%, 36.7%, 31.0%, 32.0%, 5.67% and 0% in winter. Generally, the air quality in the two cities were in the following order: summer > fall > spring > winter. AQI ranged between 101–150, where in Wuhu, the primary air pollutants were PM2.5 and NO2 in 2015; were PM2.5, NO2 and O3 in 2016, and were PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 in 2017. In Bengbu, PM2.5, PM10 and O3 were the primary air pollutants during the three years. When AQIs ranged between 151 and 200, in Wuhu, the primary air pollutant was PM2.5 in 2015; were PM2.5 and PM10 in 2016, and were PM2.5, PM10, and O3 in 2017. In Bengbu, the primary air pollutant was PM2.5 in 2015 and 2016 and comprised PM2.5 and O3 in 2017. When AQIs were between 201 and 300, in Wuhu, PM2.5 was the primary air pollutant in 2015–2017. In Bengbu, the primary air pollutant was PM2.5 in 2015 and 2016 and comprised PM2.5 and PM10 in 2017. When the AQI ranged between 301–500, which did not occur in Wuhu from 2015–2017 or in Bengbu during 2015–2016, PM2.5 was as the primary air pollutant in Bengbu in 2017. When the AQI can be analyzed in more detail, the control strategies for air pollution will be more precise.


With students in an "Educational Conferencing" graduate course, a comparison was conducted between the merits of an online collaborative package containing a wide range of features and alternative conferencing software containing only a threaded discussion and search feature only. The responses of fourteen students taking part in the study revealed a clear preference for the simpler approach. The study has implications for the selection of software tools in the design of online course environments and for the re-design of the product ratings system used in the current series of evaluation studies.


The Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF) is a future high luminosity electron-positron collider proposed in China, with a peak luminosity greater than 0.5× 1035 cm2s-1 at center-of-mass energy of 4.0 GeV. The main drift chamber (MDC) is designed as the central tracker, which provides the charged particle information for the level-1 trigger. This paper presents an FPGA-based fast trigger algorithm with the function of finding the charged particle tracks and reconstructing their transverse momentum and azimuthal angle. It adopts a two-stage lookup-table-based pattern matching architecture. The prototype trigger logic was implemented in a Xilinx XCKU060 FPGA. Test results with simulated data suggest that the trigger efficiency of J/Ψ events is better than 96%, and the resolution in the reconstructed track's azimuthal angle at the interaction point is better than 12 mrad. The overall dead time is 24 ns and the total latency is 339 ns. All these performances meet the requirements of the MDC trigger in the current conceptual design stage of STCF project.


In this paper, we propose a reference architecture for Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN) routing protocols and a thorough quantitative evaluation of many protocols proposed in the literature. We categorize DTN protocols according to their use of the three techniques that are the key elements of our reference architecture: queue management, forwarding and replication. Queue management orders and manages the messages in the node's buffer; forwarding selects the messages to be delivered when there is a contact; and finally, replication bounds the number of replicas in the network. Contrary to most previous papers, where either only qualitative comparisons have been presented or only a single category of protocols has been analyzed, in our work, we discuss the results of our experimental activity on many of the DTN protocols in the literature. Our results, which have been obtained both using synthetic and real mobility traces, show that an effective combination of the proposed techniques can significantly improve the performance of the protocols in terms of delivery ratio, overhead and delay.


The strategies aimed at reducing poverty need to identify and analyze the factors that influence poverty and could in turn be influenced by policy factors. In this regard, this study was conducted to identify and analyze the extent and determinants of urban poverty in the case of Nekemte town. The study used both primary and secondary data; where the primary data were collected from total of 203 randomly selected households in six urban kebeles of the town. The logit model was fitted to identify determinants of poverty. In this case the probability of a household being poor is taken as a dependent variable and the set of demographic and socio economic variables were explanatory variables. The basic needs approach was employed to identify households as poor and non-poor. Based on this and using the price deflated national average poverty line of birr 5,220 out of the 203 surveyed households, 42 per cent were found to be poor. The head count ratio, poverty gap, and severity indices of the survey households were 0.42, 0.032 and 0.01, respectively. The logit estimation result revealed that family size and rural-urban migration have positive and significant effect on the probability of a household being poor. The sex of the household head, education level, and salary employment were found to have negative and significant effect on poverty. Since most of the poor are concentrated around the poverty line as we observe from the poverty gap, policies should focus on absolute poverty rather than relative poverty among the poor. promoting female education should be an important element of poverty reduction policies this is because education and fertility are negatively correlated such a policy could also have an impact on household size which is another important determinant of poverty in Nekemte. Keywords : Poverty, urban, household and expenditure


Background : Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers higher diagnostic accuracy for brain lesions caused by heroin abuse compared to compute tomography (CT) scan. These lesions have a low signal on T1-weighted (T1W) images and a high signal on T2-weighted (T2W) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. This study aimed to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI) in heroin addicts. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 patients with heroin addiction (vapor inhalation/injection) referring to Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad, Iran. Patients in whom heroin abuse was only cause of consciousness, loss and neurological symptoms were enrolled in this study. Demographic data of the patients were recorded, including MRI, FLAIR, T1W and T2W images. In addition, DWI of axial and sagittal sections of the brain was performed in the following sequences. Results: In this study, mean age of patients was 40.15±7.673 years, and 95% of patients were male. The most common mode of heroin use was inhalation, and mean duration of addiction was 5.48±3.393 years. Mean daily intake of heroin was 13.4±15.30 grams, and mean duration of heroin abuse was 10.3 and 4.6 years in patients with and without MRI changes, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between MRI changes and duration of heroin use (r=0.721) (p=0.001). In addition, a significant correlation was observed between MRI changes and daily intake of heroin (p=0.006). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, brain lesions caused by heroin abuse have a low signal on T1W images and a high signal on T2W and FLAIR images. Therefore, it could be concluded that heroin intake has significant effects on the brain of users.


Passive vortex generators (VG) are known as one of the ways to improve the flow of the wings and other surfaces in the presence of flow separation. In particular, the VG are installed on the wings and nacelles of many foreign airplanes, including the most recent ones (for example, Boeing 787, Airbus A-350). The principle of the passive VG effects on flow is to transfer the kinetic energy of the external flow separation region by the vortices system arising from the flow VG themselves. For example, by increasing the angle of attack of the wing separation it is highly three-dimensional picture of the flow and sufficiently sensitive to external influences. Thus separated flow can be controlled when using the VG destroy large separation vortices. The VG effectiveness depends on many parameters. This is primarily the relative position of the second harmonic and the separation region on the wing and their size and position relative to each other, the orientation of the second harmonic relative to the local flow...


In recent years,30 provinces and cities have carried out the scheme of college village official,which has become a bright flag during the construction of new countryside.The training of college village officials' ability and quality,and the construction of the training mechanism are of significant guarantee to suit the rural grass-roots work and develop the new socialist countryside.The government,colleges and enterprises should pay high attention to the work,making sure that this could be implemented effectively in the long term.


Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children. Diagnosis of asthma is often challenging, so the computerized lung sound analysis is important diagnostic aid. This research compares the efficiency of the classification algorithms applied both on signals available on the internet and signals recorded on children in real-life clinical settings. With an appropriate signal processing technique, resulting in MFCC features, it is possible to achieve high classification accuracy for signals recorded in suboptimal conditions.


It used the orthogonal regression rotary combinative design of 4 factors and five levels for the experiment in Longhai of Fujian.The high quality potato,Zhoushu 3,was employed to evaluate the production effect by varying planting density,as well as nitrogen,phosphate and potassium fertilizations.The result showed that the effect of the four factors decreased in that order.The mathematical models allowed the selection of a potato with a yield greater than 35832.75 kg·hm-2 at 95% confidence level.In addition,the range for the planting density was 70245 to 72435 strain·hm-2,the urea application,349.79 to 384.89 kg·hm-2,the calcium superphosphate application,461.81 to 558.20 kg·hm-2,and the potassium sulfate application,550.56 to 621.60 kg·hm-2.For agronomic practices,the medium values for the planting density was 71 340 strain·hm-2,and for the urea,calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate application rates were 367.34 kg·hm-2,510.00 kg·hm-2 and 586.08 kg·hm-2,respectively.


Abstract This study aimed at investigating the effect of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) on students' academic achievement and employees' performance through procrastination at different levels of conscientiousness. The proposed theoretical model was examined using a moderated-mediation regression technique. The first group of participants comprised 1,670 university students from four major universities in the city of Makassar. Most of them were female (73.7%) with ages ranged from 17 to 24. The second group consisted of 400 employees (female, 57.5%) from five major organisations representing both private and public sectors in Makassar. The findings suggested that the students' PsyCap had a negative direct impact on academic procrastination, but procrastination did not significantly impact students' cumulative Grade-Point Average (GPA). The negative effect of PsyCap on students' procrastination was stronger when students had low conscientiousness compared to high conscientiousness. On the other hand, employees' PsyCap negatively predicted work procrastination and positively impacted the employees' work performance. The results also indicated that procrastination negatively mediated the effect of PsyCap on employees' performance. In brief, conscientiousness moderated the PsyCap-GPA relationship for students, while procrastination negatively mediated the PsyCap-employees' performance relationship.


This paper mainly introduces the automatic management in gas pumping station in Guqiao Coal Mine,which has improved the management capacity of gas-pumping that can quickly and easily observe the pumping system and the operation of the pump.When anomalies occur,judgment and specific measures can be made immediately through the automated system,which ensures security,stability,efficient operation of the system.


In this study, we have experimentally planned to replicate the positive results of the application of ionospheric prediction method to design and improve the high frequency (HF) radio communication links between Benghazi-Libya and Sfax-Tunisia. The central radio propagation laboratory (CRPL) method of ionospheric prediction of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in U.S.A was used in the calculations of the optimal working frequencies for reliable HF radio communication links between Benghazi-Libya and Sfax-Tunisia. The results were drawn in the form of curves by using the computer. The computer was used to measure the received signal level variation of a frequency 17.500 Megahertz (MHz), which was transmitted with a power of 100 Kilowatt (KW) from the Tunis Republic Broadcasting station in SFAX city, directed to the east region. The measurements were taken during daytime's for winter (December, January& February) and summer (June, July & August) seasons.


The phys,ical adsorption of several gases (Kr, Xe, O2 , CH4, C2~' n-C4H10' and C2H4) on .:the (110) crystal face of silver has been studied in the temperature range _72°C to _10°C and pressure range 10.10 to 10. 6 torr. The technique .. of structure-sensitive lovr energy electron dlffraction(I..EED) , coverage-sensitive ellipsometry and mass spectroscopy have been combined in these investigations. '\\Thile the diffraction technique alim'[s one to distinguish bet,.,een adsorption in random or ordered cOQfigurations on the single crystal substrate, the optically determined film thickness gives more quantitative information on the amo},lnt of gas adsorbed. Nass spectroscopy has been used for the analysis of the residual gases in the vacuum chamber and to determine the composition of the gases useo in the experiments. The relative phase difference, 6, behreen the parallel and perpendicular components of the polarized light beam has been measured during the adsorption of gas at a given temperature and pressure. From these data, adsorption isotherms "lere derived. The surface area occupied by the adsorbed molecules on the single crystal surface and hence the number of surface atoms covered by each adsorbed molecule could be calculated * Present Address: CD3A Photochemical Ltd., Fribourg, Switzerland


Abstract Changes in ungulate distribution can alter competitive interactions, plant communities, risks of zoonotic disease transmission, and availability of animals for harvest. We used annual aerial survey data for northern Yellowstone elk in Montana and Wyoming, USA to evaluate factors influencing distribution and group sizes during 1987–2009 in four sectors of elk winter range corresponding to river watersheds with different minimum elevations and snowpacks. Our best logistic regression model suggested the proportion of elk occupying the upper elevation sector decreased following wolf restoration and increased snowpack. The proportion of elk occupying the lower elevation sector increased following wolf restoration and as snowpack increased at higher elevations. Linear regression suggested group sizes increased in the lower elevation sector after wolves were restored. Concurrent demographic and movement studies suggest these changes resulted primarily from the attrition of elk from high snow areas in Yellowstone National Park due to predation, and increased survival and recruitment of elk in lower snow areas outside the Park in Montana following a substantial reduction in hunter harvest. Fitness trade-offs between foraging conditions and the risks of predation (or harvest) as constrained by snow vary considerably among elk populations in the Yellowstone ecosystem.


In flip chip packaging, the molded underfill (MUF) integrates the underfilling and molding processes to reduce manufacturing cost and cycle time of process, but is difficlut to obtain high quality filling due to void trapping problem. Virtually, from a technical perspective, it is a microinjection molding process, the MUF process can be thought as a pressure-driven suspension flow. For transfer molding, the main factors affecting the reliability of products include the properties of filling materials, injection process parameters and the geometry of the cavity. In this paper, 3D mold flow modeling of the transfer molding process with MUF using Moldflow is applied. By designing DOE experiments, the MUF process parameters were optimized under different packaging structures of flip chip, and the influence of different methods of chip placement on the molding results was discussed, providing a basis for the design and optimization of process parameters and chip geometry structure.


Increases in energy demand and in chemical production, together with the rise in CO2 levels in the atmosphere, motivate the development of renewable energy sources. Electrochemical CO2 reduction to fuels and chemicals is an appealing alternative to traditional pathways to fuels and chemicals due to its intrinsic ability to couple to solar and wind energy sources. Formate (HCOO–) is a key chemical for many industries; however, greater understanding is needed regarding the mechanism and key intermediates for HCOO– production. This work reports a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to HCOO– on polycrystalline Sn surfaces, which have been identified as promising catalysts for selectively producing HCOO–. Our results show that Sn electrodes produce HCOO–, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen (H2) across a range of potentials and that HCOO– production becomes favored at potentials more negative than −0.8 V vs RHE, reaching a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 70% a...