Contemporary composers of all nationalities work hard to describe the great scene of the country,the various styles of life and colorful cultures of Chinese minorities.Their description not only shows us the history and unique customs of ethnic minorities but also embodies the characteristics of contemporary prose of minorities.


Thank you very much for downloading unequal relations an introduction to race and ethnic dynamics in canada. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this unequal relations an introduction to race and ethnic dynamics in canada, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer.


In the light of Barthes's failed assassination of the author, this essay will tread on the plane of film criticism's practices of resuscitation of the author. Looking at the current phenomenon of the explosion of quantification in social media space, this essay considers the way communicative capitalism and neoliberal psychopolitics regulate points of view, analyses, and criticism in the internet, and funnel them into a single unit, which is in the form of opinion. This essay will look into three reviews of Citizen Jake (2018) which, as will be argued, often function in double: not only as reviews, but also as consumer guides, which come from the individual opinion of a privileged member of the audience, the reviewer. As a recommendation to resist these reductions, it is suggested that the film critic must practice a self-conscious theorization by looking at the social practices governing the production of the film, the subject of criticism. Dialectically, this will also resolve the failed modernist projects of defacing the author, defacing capitalist subjectivities, toward a materialist conception of film.


An analytical integration method for evaluating the singular integrals arising in the construction of symmetric boundary element models is proposed, referring to the analysis of Kirchhoff plates. Kernels involved in the symmetric boundary formulation of Kirchhoff plates exhibit singularities up to O(1/r4). The proposed technique temporarily deactivates the singularities by using a limit approach and carries out the integration on contiguous boundary elements in order to smooth the singularities of the kernels through sufficiently continuous shape functions. The paper contains a brief presentation of the boundary integral formulation of the Kirchhoff plate, with the explicit expressions of the fundamental solutions involved and the derivation of the symmetric boundary element model. A detailed description of the proposed integration technique is presented, which discusses the main steps of the analytical procedure and provides the final results. The technique is illustrated through the discussion of a series of relevant cases, including high singularities and referring to both collinear and corner supports. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) flows are titrated to achieve adequate perfusion while attempting to ideally maintain arterial pulse pressure (PP). We assessed risk in patients with low PP defined as <10 mmHg within the first 2 days of support. Methods Demographics, haemodynamics, echocardiographic and radiological findings were recorded retrospectively in cases conducted between 2014 and 2016. Outcomes were hospital mortality, requirement for renal replacement therapy (RRT) and severe pulmonary oedema (PO). Results Of 101 patients, 66.3% were male, mean age was 56 (range 18–71 years), mean duration of support was 6.3 days ± 4.1 days, 37.6% died prior to hospital discharge, 39.6% needed RRT and 11.9% had severe PO. Areas under the receiver operating curves of PP at 48 h for hospital mortality, RRT and severe PO were (respectively): 0.69 (95% CI 0.58–0.80, p = .001), 0.64 (95% CI 0.50–0.77, p = .044), 0.69 (95% CI 0.55–0.82, p = .009). The odds ratio for mortality, RRT, severe PO for those with low PP were (respectively) 2.8 (95% CI 1.01–7.5, p = .04), 3.1 (95% CI 1.11–8.40, p = .026), 7.6 (95% CI 2.06–27.89, p = .001). Central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure were not predictive. Conclusion PP during the first 2 days of support is predictive of clinically important outcomes in patients supported with VA-ECMO.


To introduce how related tags networks may be extracted from Flickr® and used for "gist" and other analysis, this chapter describes the related tag networks associated with some of the cities of the People's Republic of China (used as seeding terms). The software used for the data extractions (from the Flickr® API) and the creation of various graph visualizations is the free and open-source Network Overview, Discovery and Exploration for Excel (NodeXL Basic), available on Microsoft's CodePlex platform.


Raising beef cattle can be very rewarding. First, if you like raising cattle, maintaining your tie to the land, and seeing the product of your labors, it can truly be satisfying to see young calves in the spring, watch them grow and progress. Second, there can also be a financial reward when the calves are weaned and sold. However, the satisfaction of these two aspects may all depend on your herd's efficiency and profitability. Cattle operations should be striving to improve both efficiency and profitability; some operations do this better than others. The first step to making any improvement on your operation whether that improvement is efficiency, profitability or both is to know where you currently stand. It is impossible to know where you are going if you don't know where you are at. To know where you are at as an operation, records must be kept. These records should tell us three things: (1) where we have come from, (2) where we are at presently, and (3) where we are headed. These records should not only be kept on the herd as a whole, but it is also beneficial to keep records on individual animals where possible. Records must also be kept for everything that is bought or sold. Remember, if you don't sell it, then you buy it. It is absolutely crucial that operators keep records of both herd efficiency and cash flows if they are interested in tracking profits and losses.


We present the first direct approach targeted explicitly on human hands that infers depth from monocular RGB images. We achieve this with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that employs a stacked hourglass model as its main building block. Intermediate supervision is used in several outputs of the proposed architecture in a staged approach. To aid the process of training and inference, hand segmentation masks are also estimated in such intermediate supervision steps, and used to guide the subsequent depth estimation process. In order to train and evaluate the proposed method we compile and make publicly available HandRGBD, a new dataset of 20,601 views of hands, each consisting of an RGB image and an aligned depth map. Based on HandRGBD, we explore variants of the proposed approach in an ablative study and determine the most accurate one. The results of an extensive experimental evaluation demonstrate that hand depth estimation from a single RGB frame can be achieved with an accuracy of 22mm, which is comparable to the accuracy achieved by contemporary low-cost depth cameras. Such a 3D reconstruction of hands based on RGB information is valuable as a final result on its own right, but also as an input to several other hand analysis and perception algorithms that require depth input. In this context, the proposed approach bridges the gap between RGB and RGBD, by making all existing RGBD-based methods applicable to RGB input.


Extended reach well directional drilling technology has been widely applied for the efficient development of oil and gas resources in complex areas such as oceans, beaches, lakes and mountains. However, there are many challenges in extended-reach drilling, and there are multiple constraints, which include huge technical difficulties and high risks, which make the prediction and control of wellbore extension limit of great importance for safe drilling. On the basis of summarizing research progress on the extension limit of extended reach wells at home and abroad, the prediction model and distribution law of the extension limit were introduced. Also, a extension limit-based extended reach well optimal drilling design was proposed, and such extension limit theory was used to analyze the rotary drilling limits and completion string entry limits in the horizontal section of the Z–42 extended reach well in Sakhalin area. It was considered that the hoisting performance of drilling rig could greatly improve the wellbore extension limit, and the installation of rotary joint and drag reducer joints could increase the entry limit of the completion string. The research results showed that those prediction theories and control methods could provide scientific references and best practices for risk prediction, optimized design and safety control of extended reach well drilling.


This paper illustrates the diagnostic dilemmas in a small hospital emergency department when four patients present with similar symptoms of dyspnea, angina, and edema. These cases illustrate a new role for the clinical laboratory, as the new cardiac markers and protocols help overcome the ambiguity of symptoms, delays in diagnosis, and high costs of imaging tests that may be unavailable in many small hospitals. Frequently, dyspnea and chest pain are associated with cardiac disorders such as congestive heart failure (CHF), unstable angina, and acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, these same presenting symptoms may also be seen in obstructive pulmonary disorders, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and non-pulmonary disorders as diverse as anemia and anxiety. The recent addition of troponin and myoglobin to cardiac panels and the increasing use of accelerated cardiac protocols have improved speed and accuracy in the diagnosis of MI. While certain aspects of the interpretation of troponin data remain controversial, the use of accelerated testing protocols is gaining acceptance, following the recommendations of the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry in 1999. With the introduction of rapid laboratory testing for B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in 2000, the diagnosis of CHF has also become faster, easier, and more reliable. A companion paper in this issue reviews plaque development, acute coronary syndromes (ACS), and pathophysiology of CHF.1 In addition, the biochemistry and physiology of BNP, and the clinical evidence supporting its use in the diagnosis, risk stratification, staging, and therapeutic monitoring of CHF patients are also reviewed. Rapid BNP assays and high… ABBREVIATIONS: ABG = arterial blood gas; ACS = acute coronary syndromes; BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide; CBC = complete blood count; CHD = coronary heart disease; CHF = congestive heart failure; CLS = clinical laboratory science; CMP = comprehensive metabolic profile; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ECG = electrocardiogram; ED = emergency department; EMT = emergency medical technician; hsCRP = high sensitivity C-reative protein; MI = myocardial infarction; NPV = negative predictive value; RAAS = renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; UA = urinalysis; WBC = white blood count;.


Introduction The prognostic value of high body mass index (BMI) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still controversial. Aim To evaluate the impact of high BMI on postoperative complications and survival after minimally invasion esophagectomy (MIE) for ESCC patients. Material and methods Three hundred and fourteen consecutive ESCC patients were used to analyze the potential association between high BMI and postoperative complications and survival. Results Patients were divided into two groups. There was no significant difference between high and low BMI groups in terms of postoperative complications, including respiratory disease (p = 0.8362), pneumothorax (p = 0.6058), anastomotic leakage (p = 0.8678), chylothorax (p = 0.9062), cardiovascular disease (p = 0.5763), vocal cord paresis (p = 0.8349), wound infection (p = 0.5763) and perioperative death (p = 0.7179). Patients in the high BMI group had a longer operative time (p = 0.003) and more blood loss (p = 0.002) than in the low BMI group. There was no difference in number of retrieved lymph nodes between the two groups (p = 0.728). Patients could not benefit from high BMI in overall survival (OS) (p = 0.2459). High BMI was not an independent prognostic factor for survival (p = 0.1735, HR = 0.776 and 95% CI: 0.5386–1.1180). Conclusions High BMI is associated with prolonged operative time and increased blood loss in MIE. However, high BMI is not associated with postoperative complications and not an independent prognostic factor for survival in ESCC patients who undergo MIE.


Abstract In this study, the hydrogen embrittlement technique was employed in order for the direct observation of entire cavities on exposing grain boundary facets in a Ni3Al alloy. Also, stereo pair SEM micrographs were used to investigate the effects of inclined angle of grain boundary on cavity growth, by comparing relative positions of features on the stereo pair. Many of cavities at 65% of the rupture time are on the verge of coalescing with other cavities. Cavities on inclined boundaries had grown for longer time than those on transverse boundaries. Thus, the time to cavity coalescence on transverse facets are lower bound of the material lifetime. And, overall damage was found to have the value of about 0.6 at rupture.


The problem of preserving the quality and safety of food products in terms of storage processes is considered. The aim of this work was to study polymeric materials containing silver nanoparticles on the surface to create a packaging product with antimicrobial properties. The methods for treating the surface of polyethylene and polypropylene films with colloidal solutions of silver nano-particles are proposed. A comparative analysis of the quality and safety indicators of food products packed in modified polymer films during storage was carried out. Standard methods of micro-biological, sensory and gravimetric analysis were used to study the modified packaging polymeric materials and the protection ef-fectiveness of packed food products. Based on the conducted stud-ies, it was concluded that the processing of packaging polymeric materials with silver nanoparticles is expedient for imparting an-timicrobial properties. It is established that the use of modified films increases the shelf life of the products packaged by this means.


The mixed vacuum residue solution that prepared in ethyl acetate was studied at different temperatures to determine the variation of solubility parameters.The relationship between solubility of vacuum residue and temperature was established and the influence of temperature on the mole fraction solubility of vacuum residue was revealed,which reflected the dissolution of the vacuum residue in ethyl acetate.The results provided information for further investigation on atmospheric solvent deasphalting process with ethyl acetate as solvent.


: This research aims to study the physical and thermal properties of concrete blocks mixed with Bakelite. The main goal of this research is to use Bakelite plastic to replace the total mass of concrete blocks. The laboratory tests include compressive strength test, density test, water absorption test, and thermal conductivity test. The concrete blocks are mixture of Portland cement type one, dust stone, sand, and Bakelite plastic. The mixing ratio of concrete blocks with a binder to total mass is 1:5 by weight. The percentage of Bakelite plastic varies from 0% to 20% and the curing method of concrete blocks is air curing for 7, 14, and 28 days. The compressive strength and density tests were conducted after the completion of each curing period, while the water absorption test was conducted only for the curing period of 28 days. Two groups of concrete block samples, 50x50x50 mm 3 were used in the physical properties tests, while 100x100x100 mm 3 concrete block samples with the curing period of 28 days were used in the thermal conductivity test. The result shows that an increasing in the percentage of Bakelite decreases the compressive strength and density of concrete block samples. The water absorption is in proportion to the increasing of percentage of Bakelite. Finally, an increasing of Bakelite ranging from 0% to 20% roughly reduces the thermal conductivity of concrete block samples from 0.5 W/m-K to 0.3 W/m-K.


An archetype is a psychological invariant, common to each of us, which appears to be inherited rather than learned. But there are not enough genes to account for inherited archetypes. The contradiction is explained in terms of emergent self-organization. The apparent "purposefulness" both of dreams and of psychological maturation may also be explained by self-organization. Evidence is drawn from biology and from clinical work with patients.


Synchrotron radiation from protons, though described by the same equations as the radiation from electrons, exhibits a number of interesting features on account of the parameters reached in praxis. In this presentation, we shall point out some of the features relating to (i) normal synchrotron radiation from dipoles in proton machines such as the High Energy Booster and the Superconducting Super Collider; (ii) synchrotron radiation from short dipoles, and its application to light monitors for proton machines, and (iii) synchrotron radiation from undulators in the limit when, the deflection parameter is much smaller than unity. The material for this presentation is taken largely from the work of Hofmann, Coisson, Bossart, and their collaborators, and from a paper by Kim. We shall emphasize the qualitative aspects of synchrotron radiation in the cases mentioned above, making, when possible, simple arguments for estimating the spectral and angular properties of the radiation. Detailed analyses can be found in the literature.


"Quality evaluation through morphological identification" brought by XIE Zong-wan is the summary of experience which is applied under the guidance of "pattern identification as the basis for determining treatment " theory. Through the analysis of the literature on the traditional Chinese materia medica quality evaluation, it is found that "Quality evaluation through morphological identification" provides us a method which is comprehensive and practical.


After a strong earthquake struck Laconia in the late 460s, the Spartans invoked the help of their allies against the revolting helots; according to tradition, Cimon persuaded his fellow Athenians to respond, but their expedition was eventually repelled by the same suspicious Spartans at mount Ithome (Th. I 102; Plu. Cim. 17, 3). Having been accused of philolaconism and incest with his own sister Elpinice, Cimon was ostracized shortly after, ca. 461. 1 This paper tries to clarify the reasons behind Cimon's ostracism and the contemporary meaning of his bonds with Sparta, how tradition reworked these themes, and why they are closely connected to a sexual scandal. According to Plutarch Cimon was, «since the beginning», a philolacon (Cim. 16, 1 ἀπ ̓ ἀρχῆς φιλολάκων), who used to deal mildly (πράως) with the allies and in a proper way (κεχαρισμένως) with Sparta: thanks to this entente the Athenians enjoyed eunoia among the Spartans (16, 2).2 Such a relationship was


Three-dimensional mathematical problems of interaction between elastic and scalar oscillation fields are investigated. An elastic field is to be defined in a bounded inhomogeneous anisotropic body occupying the domain Ω 1 ⊆ R 3 while a physical (acoustic) scalar field is to be defined in the exterior domain Ω 2 = R 3 \Ω 1 which is filled up also by an anisotropic (fluid) medium. These two fields satisfy the governing equations of steady-state oscillations in the corresponding domains together with special kinematic and dynamic transmission conditions on the interface ∂Ω 1 . The problems are studied by the so-called non-local approach, which is the coupling of the boundary integral equation method (in the unbounded domain) and the functional-variational method (in the bounded domain). The uniqueness and existence theorems are proved and the regularity of solutions are established with the help of the corresponding Steklov-Poincare type operators and on the basis of the Garding inequality and the Lax-Milgram theorem. In particular, it is shown that the physical fluid-solid acoustic interaction problem is solvable for arbitrary values of the frequency parameter.


The radioactive nuclide 186Hf has been produced via multinucleon transfer reaction by 60 MeV / u 18 O ion irradiation of the natural tungsten. The radiochemical separation was performed to isolate the hafnium from tungsten and the complex mixture of the reaction products. The activity of the hafnium was measured using a HPGe detector The new neutron-rich isotope 186Hf has been identified for the first time by measuring the growth and decay of the 737.5keV - ray from its daughter 186Ta. The half-life of186H...


A book containing accounts about life for the residents of Kerrville,Texas in the early 20th century, as told from the author's own early life experiences.


The project focuses on limiting the total cost of measurements and modeling of microwave active devices. The response surface methodology is adapted to large signal measurements in the course of this work. The methodology is profiled and optimized against the computational load, and the realtime evaluation is enabled. The dynamic constraints expand the use of the methodology to high-power applications. Finally, the performance of the response surface methodology is assessed versus well established empirical modeling method. Not only the behavioral models outperform the empirical ones in terms of accuracy, but also allow to overcome mutual weaknesses in a hybrid modeling technique.


Two to five micrometer thick P-Al_xGa_(1-x)N/GaN layers with 0x≤0.4 were grown by low-pressure metal organic chemical Vapour deposition on sapphire(0001)substrates.For A1 concentrations 0.2x0.7 in the Al_xGa_(1-x)N layers,the orthogonal-design method is employed to optimize the growth parameters of p-typed GaN,such as the Mg flux,growth temperature,andⅤ/Ⅲratio.It is found that the hole concentration is reduced by excessively high Mg flux,high growth temperature,and greatⅤ/Ⅲratio.The influence of the annealing temperature on the hole concentration and photoluminescence of p-typed GaN is also studied.The optimum annealing temperature is between 680℃and 750℃.


The tilt after-effect (TAE) is thought to be a manifestation of gain control in mechanisms selective for spatial orientation in visual stimuli. It has been demonstrated with luminance-defined stripes, contrast-defined stripes, orientation-defined stripes and even with natural images. Of course, all images can be decomposed into a sum of stripes, so it should not be surprising to find a TAE when adapting and test images contain stripes that differ by 15° or so. We show this latter condition is not necessary for the TAE with natural images: adaptation to slightly tilted and vertically filtered houses produced a 'repulsive' bias in the perceived orientation of horizontally filtered houses. These results suggest gain control in mechanisms selective for spatial orientation in natural images.


This paper explores the nature of questions students ask while undertaking engineering design work, how the nature of those questions changes as students' cognition develops, and what the possible relationship is between those changes and the types of curricular experiences students have. Preliminary findings indicate that the question asking behaviour of engineering students do change over time; they are more likely to ask questions that are divergent in nature as they advance in their education. Findings also suggest that a potential mechanism for that change might be engagement in project-based learning experiences.


In a molecular beam apparatus, a thermal beam of aluminum atoms (≈ 1700°K) intersects an uncollimated thermal beam of ozone molecules (300°K) and the resulting visible chemiluminescence is recorded with a 1 m scanning monochromator. The chemiluminescence spectrum consists of (1) the AlO B 2Σ+−X 2Σ+ blue‐green system for which we have assigned bands to the strongly structured features in the region 4200–4900 A, and (2) more intense weakly structured features in the region 4500–8500 A, which appear to be emission from a polyatomic aluminum oxide on which there seems to be superimposed the AlO B 2Σ+−A 2Π band system. From the chemiluminescent spectrum a minimum value of 5.13±0.05 eV is deduced for the dissociation energy of the ground state of aluminum oxide. By accepting the upper limit of 5.20 eV deduced by MacDonald and Innes from Tyte's shock tube absorption data, we recommend the value D00(AlO)=5.15± 0.5 eV.


Imbalance of redox state has been associated with human diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Catalase, an important antioxidant enzyme, decomposes H202 into O2 and H2O, therefore limiting the deleterious effect of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous study showed that a C-T polymorphism, located at -844 bp from the translational start site of catalase, is strongly associated with essential hypertension in an isolated Chinese population of Xiangchang country, Anhui Province. To explore the impact of SNP-844C/T on the expression of catalase, human catalase promoters containing either SNP-844C or T variant were subcloned into the pGL3Basic luciferase vector.


Because of the inevitable noise interference in hyperspectral images (HSIs), the understanding and application of HSIs are seriously restricted. To solve this problem, the research on the data-driven neural network-based denoising method has become a hotspot in recent years. However, for HSIs with inconsistent and mixed noises, the traditional data-driven denoising algorithms have obvious limitations on generalization ability. In order to overcome these drawbacks, a novel partial densenet (Partial-DNet) model with noise intensity estimation is proposed for HSIs blind denoising in this article. In the proposed Partial-DNet model, the noise intensity of each band is estimated in the first and then fused with the observed images to generate the feature maps by introducing the channel attention mechanism. Finally, a novel multiscale neural network is explored to extract the spatial–spectral joint features. The contributions of this article can be summarized as follows: 1) the noise intensity of each band is estimated as a prior to guide the blind denoising framework suit with different data sets adaptively; 2) a Partial-DNet model is proposed to extract multiscale spatial–spectral features more efficient to maintain the details better while denoising; and 3) the experiments on both simulated and real HSI data sets indicate that the proposed denoising framework can be used to remove the inconsistent mixed noises in HSIs adaptively. Compared with the other state-of-the-art denoising methods, HSIs denoised by the proposed Partial-DNet algorithm not only have a higher PSNR index but also have higher classification accuracy under the same situation.


Acknowledgements Table of contents List of tables List of figures List of abbreviations General introduction Chapter 1. Literature review 1.1. Leptographium: fungal associates of insects and agents of blue-stain 1.1.1. General features of members of the fungal genus Leptographium 1.1.2. Taxonomy of Leptographium 1.1.3. Phylogenetic studies of Leptographium species 1.1.4. Association with insect vectors 1.1.5. Plant pathology and blue-stain production of members of Leptographium 1.2. Internal transcribed spacers in the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene cluster 1.2.1. Internal transcribed spacers and ribosome biogenesis 1.2.2. Sequence and structural features of ITS1 and ITS2 1.2.3. Applications of ITS sequences in phylogenetic and barcoding studies 1.3. Fungal mitochondrial genomes Page II IV


In order to select the early-fruiting walnut varieties(strains) suitable for cultivation at mountain area of Western Hubei,15 walnut varieties(strains) were introduced in 2 times,two comparative experimental forest were built at the altitude of 1 200 m and 145 m in Yichang,respectively.Some main indexes in the 15 walnut varieties(strains) and native thin-shell walnut were investigated f rom 2005 to 2007,including nut mass,mean value of three diameters,shell thickness,kernel percentage,kernel-taking index,contents of fat and protein,and so on.The results showed that the kernel percentages of the introduced walnut varieties(strains) are from 40.9% to 59.9%,and the fat contents reach 91% of the native walnut variety and the protein contents reach from 101% to 103%.The nut qualities of the introduced varieties(strains) are decreased than those at its provenances.The nut qualities of Yunxin No.7914 between the test points at two altitudes have no significant difference.The nut qualities of Liaoning No.1 and Zhonglin No.5 planted at the altitude of 145 m reach the national superior product standard.The nut qualities of Qingxiang,Luguang and Liaoning No.1 planted at the altitude of 1 200 m reach the national primary standard.


A multiagent coverage problem is considered with energy-constrained agents, where a charging station is used to replenish an agent's energy as it becomes depleted while performing the coverage task. The objective of this article is to compare the coverage performance between centralized and decentralized approaches. To this end, a centralized coverage control method is developed to switch agents between an optimal coverage formation and an optimal charging formation. We design a controller for agent trajectories that include dwell times at the optimal coverage locations, and charging times at the charging station to maximize a coverage metric over a finite time interval. Our controller guarantees that at any time there is at most one agent leaving the team for energy repletion. We also derive a tight bound, which allows us to quantify the gap between the coverage performance of the proposed strategy and the unknown globally optimal coverage performance.


To increase the quality of service in adaptive routers, this paper proposes a service oriented buffer management algorithm. This paper use different buffers for different service packets and the buffer controller maintains the buffer size according to flow of incoming packets. The buffer controller increases or decreases the buffer size at each input and output port by monitoring the rate of incoming packets and the size of buffer is fixed based on a flow threshold which is dynamic one. The value of flow threshold is computed using dynamic flow approximation algorithm. The proposed system reduces the packet dropping rate and increases the throughput.


It analyzed the development and effect of the apparel accessories,and clarified the status and value of the apparel accessories in the whole apparel field.


�� ��� Ahem. The speaker is about to read aloud Nancy's murder, a brutal tableau from Oliver Twist (1837–39) ritually performed before the public since Dickens' first recitation of this scene at St. James's Hall as part of a Farewell Tour in 1869. The 'Murder', as the author preferred to call it, would soon become part of Dickens lore for the violence with which it ended the life not only of the novel's heroine but also of the novelist himself. 1 The 'Sikes and Nancy' episode begins with the narrator's voice as one of the boy thieves is instructed to 'dodge' a young woman through the streets of London. The ensuing voices are those of Fagin ('my dear'), Bolter ('Oh Lor!'), and Sikes ('Wot now?'), whose Cockney accents are performed in markedly different registers from that of the preceding narrator. 2 In fact, each of the characters is set apart by a distinct sound to ensure that audiences can tell who is speaking without access to the written script. The prompt copy used by Dickens for this scene signals the building momentum toward Sikes' terrible act of violence with the marginal stage direction 'XX Murder coming XX'. 3 This is the moment during the recitation when Dickens was said by spectators to have flung aside the script in order to perform the scene from memory. 4 The audience for the performance has little choice but to sit back and wait for the impending murder since the pace of narration is controlled entirely by the speaker, not the auditor. It is a tense wait. The recitation of a scene that takes a mere ten minutes to read silently to one's self can take upwards of forty minutes when read aloud before an audience. Although both experiences might make the flesh creep, reading the novel in silence is a very different experience from that of listening to Nancy's murder. Now that Nancy's murder has caught your ear, let me assure you that this is not another account from an ear-witness to one of the nearly 500 public readings given by Dickens to audiences across England and America. 5 There is no lectern, maroon backcloth, or blaze of gaslamps


Abstract A few of several possible sets of system condition numbers or sensitivity coefficients are defined relating small changes in system parameters to such measures of system performance as state variables, eigensystems and state variable fuiictionals. Sensitivity functionals are defined also for use in cases where anticipated but undesirable system perturbations occur. The linear or approximately linear dynamical system is of special interest and for these systems it is shown that the condition numbers of all eigenvalues with respect to all elements of the n × n system matrix A are expressible by n 1-term dyads of the form v i X i T, the reciprocal vectors and eigenvectors of A respectively. These matrices are particularly useful in design processes based upon eigenvalue configurations, and it is shown also how they may be employed in the evaluation of a particular class of time weighted functional of the form a of free, stationary, linear systems. Finally it is noted how these matrices are modified ...


The concept of the first-floor hall was introduced in 1935, but Blair's paper of 1993 cast doubt on many of those buildings which had been identified as such. Following the recognition of Scolland's Hall, Richmond Castle as an example of a hall at first-floor level, the evidence for buildings of this type is reviewed (excluding town houses and halls in the great towers of castles, where other issues apply). While undoubtedly a number of buildings have been mistakenly identified as halls, there is a significant group of structures which there are very strong grounds to classify as first-floor halls. The growth of masonry architecture in elite secular buildings, particularly after the Norman Conquest, allowed halls to be constructed on the first floor. The key features of these are identified and the reasons for constructing the hall at this level – prestige and security – are recognized. The study of these buildings allows two further modifications to the Blair thesis: in some houses, halls and chambers were integrated in a single block at an early date, and the basic idea of the medieval domestic plan was already present by the late eleventh century.


Using lacunaris polyester as immobilized carrier,The immobilized of XN1 and continuous production of bioflocculant were studied in this paper.The results showed that lacunaris polyester can adsorb mycelial cell of XN1 and retain high flocculating activity for long time.Biofilm detachment could not be observed in a three-phase fluidized bed after culturing 13 days and the flocculating activity values of fermentation broth were more than 90%.It revealed that immobilized XN1 could produce bioflocculant using lacunaris polyester as immobilized carrier.The bioflocculant had high thermal stability and could retain high flocculating activity after a few days at room temperature.


The utility model discloses a temperature control electronic cigarette. The temperature control electronic cigarette comprises a shell, a liquid storing device, an atomization assembly, a power source and a circuit control board with a smoking switch, wherein the liquid storing device, the atomization assembly, the power source and the circuit control board are sleeved with the shell. The atomization assembly comprises a heating body and a lead of the heating body, and the heating body and the lead are made of a heat sensitivity material with a resistance value being changed along with the temperature in a certain proportion. The circuit control board comprises a power source management module, and the power source management module can judge the temperature represented by a resistance value by continuously detecting the resistance value of the heating body and the lead of the heating body when the smoking switch is switched on and transmit a corresponding control signal to cut off the power source of the heating body and the lead of the heating body. The temperature control electronic cigarette has the advantages that temperature control over the electronic cigarette can be achieved, and it is prevented that as the heating body is burnt when nicotine liquid of the electronic cigarette does not exist or is insufficient, harmful gas is sucked into the human body to jeopardize body health; the circuit structure is not complex, will not affect the size of the electronic cigarette and therefore is particularly suitable for being used in the electronic cigarette.


The voting scheme applying on the blockchain can be used to evaluate credit and verify identities. Traditional signature schemes for voting scene exists several drawbacks such as distrust of central nodes and inefficiency for group signature and ring signature respectively. A new signature scheme based on Asmuth-Bloom scheme is proposed which is promising for the Blockchain. The proposed scheme without the participation of the dealer is able to synthesize the signature with the shares, during which the group private key is not exposed and the sensitive data will be validated to ensure the security of data transmitting in the Blockchain unsafe transmission channel. Security analysis shows that the proposed design for solving the discrete logarithm is able to resist malicious attacks. Computational complexity analysis shows that the new one with low computational cost and transmission efficiency can be effectively adapted to the Blockchain.


Wireless sensor network technology has the potential to reveal finegrained, dynamic changes in monitored variables of an outdoor landscape. But there are significant problems to be overcome in order to realize this vision in working systems. This paper describes the design and implementation of a reactive, event driven network for environmental monitoring of soil moisture and evaluates its effectiveness. A novel feature of our solution is its reactivity to the environment: when rain falls and soil moisture is changing rapidly, measurements are collected frequently, whereas during dry periods, between rainfall, measurements are collected less often. Field trials demonstrating the reactivity, robustness, and longevity of the network are presented and evaluated, and future improvements proposed.


The present study adopted an intergroup approach to informadon sharing and communicadon in three organisadonal samples during change. In Study 1, employees from a public hospital (N = 142) completed a survey measuring percepdons of organisadonal communicadon and strength of idendficadon with the work unit and the organisadon as a whole. Consistent with predicdons, team members rated communicadon from double ingroup members (same work unit/same occupadonal group) more favourably than communicadon from pardal group members (same work unit/different occupadonal group). Also as predicted, work unit idendficadon was related to favourable radngs of work unit communicadon across occupadonal groups, whereas occupadonal idendficadon was related to favourable radngs of work unit communicadon within occupadonal groups. In Study 2, strength of idendficadon with three organisadonal groups was associated with posidve radngs of communicadon among employees from the same public hospital (AT = 189) and a military organisadon (N = 2119). Based on these results, intergroup strategies for the management of informadon sharing and organisadonal communicadon during change are discussed.


abstract We argue that the interpretation of transitive aspectual-verb sentences like "Sue finishes the book" results from an evaluation of the degree of asymmetry in control power between the participants in the sentence. Control asymmetry is proposed as one conceptual constraint on sentence meaning precisification. An evaluation of 'high control asymmetry' for the relation between "Sue" and "book" yields an agentive/actor-undergoer interpretation (Sue is doing something involving the book). An evaluation of 'low control asymmetry' yields a constitutive/part–whole interpretation (Sue's story is the last one in the book). Which reading emerges depends on the comprehender's control-asymmetry evaluation based on contextual cues or, in the absence of explicit context, based on conventionalized control asymmetry expectations given the participants' denotations. Results show that semantically under-specified aspectual-verb sentences such as "Sue finishes/begins/continues the book" (i) receive multiple readings in a control-asymmetry neutral context, (ii) are judged as less acceptable than their control asymmetry-biased counterparts, and (iii) clearly evidence the constitutive reading as part of their core reading. These findings are consistent with a real-time linguistic meaning composition system that systematically draws from context guided by lexically driven semantic demands and that presents the structure of these demands as a cognitively viable metric of complexity.


The concepts of social representation and attitudes are widely used by both the social psychology and sociology. However, there are few studies to highlight the links that exist between these two variables. Using a comparative survey conducted in France and Italy an adolescent population was asked about their representations and attitudes towards immigration. The approach followed has permitted to illustrate the links between the ways of representing a phenomenon and evaluate it. Social representations of immigration are rooted in national discourse conducted on this phenomenon, while the analysis of attitudes showed that their content fit into the semantic space of the former. The contribution of the study suggests to integrate psychosocial and sociological approach to capture the social character of attitudes and understand how the evaluations of the social phenomena develop.


The robust predictive control problem of uncertainty multi-rate control system is investigated.A min-max robust predictive control algorithm based on the Lyapunov function is presented.Linear matrix inequalities(LMI) is used in this algorithm to develop the upper bound γ of H∞ performance index,which converted the optimization problem to minimize this upper bound γ,and proved that the closed-loop system is robust stability.The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.


We study both the above-threshold ionization spectrum and harmonics generation resulting from the interaction of atomic hydrogen with a UV pulse. Our calculations are based on the solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in momentum space where the kernel of the non-local Coulomb potential is replaced by a sum of separable potentials, each of them supporting one bound state of atomic hydrogen. It is shown that the interaction of hydrogen with a field, the frequency of which corresponds to the 1s-2p transition, leads, quite unexpectedly, to the emission of very energetic electrons.


This article examines an extraordinarily successful early childhood education teacher preparation program at an urban 2-year college struggling with retention. The Early Childhood Education Program in this case study is able to maintain a graduation rate that is over four times greater than that of the college average and has a reputation for producing high-quality early childhood educators. The faculty and students in the program explain that the key to the program's success is a "culture of family," a strength-based approach that appreciates and builds upon the assets of the faculty and students, fosters meaningful relationships by focusing on the whole student, and creates a strong commitment to the program. The findings are especially impressive, given the extremely limited institutional context of the 2-year college. Considering the demand for high-quality early childhood teacher preparation and the fact that many students seek this training at the accessible 2-year college, it is important to examine the potential of these programs to produce student success. This case study provides a starting point in examining how quality early childhood teacher preparation can exist within the limited confines of the 2-year college.


We review here the main direct or indirect ways to detect the possible presence of large amounts of cold molecular hydrogen in the outer parts of disk galaxies, an hypothesis that we have recently developed. Direct ways range from H2 absorption in the UV domain to detection of the radio hyperfine structure: the ortho-H2 molecule has an hyperfine, or ultrafine, structure in its fundamental state, due to the coupling between the rotation-induced magnetic moment, and the nuclear spin. This gives rise to 2 magnetic dipole transitions, at the wavelengths of 0.5 and 5.5 km. Indirect ways are essentially the detection of the HD and LiH transitions, and in some environments like clusters of galaxies, more heavy trace molecules such as CO. We discuss from this point of view the recent discovery by COBE/FIRAS of a very cold Galactic dust component (4-7 K) which could correspond to a dominating gas mass component of the ISM, if interpreted as standard dust emission. Some of the proposed means could be applied to the well-known molecular clouds, to bring some new light to the problem of the H2/CO conversion ratio.


The outline of this report has already been published in this Journal appearing as "Communication to the Editors". The molecular formula of gibberellin A2 has been corrected to C19H2606. To elucidate the relation between the four gibberellins, we studied their functional groups, skeleton and double bond. As for the results, it was certified that gibberellin A1, A2, A3 (gibberellic acid) and A4 have functional groups and skeleton as shown in Table I.


In this paper, we propose to exte nd traditional Fuzzy Logic(FL) techniques by creating a second set of inference rules (and the corresponding inference mechanism) in order to effectively produce results exploitable by decision makers. We present a formal definition of a multi-level FL scheme and its application in the development of: i) a break-even inference machine and ii) a legal argumentation system. The proposed scheme is shown to beuseful in modeling systems where intermediary fuzzy concepts come to play, and it could be applied in several problems analog to the ones presented in this study.


All wireless networks possess self-organizing architecture with an infrastructure-less feature to combine and form an Ad Hoc network called MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc network). All mobile nodes working under this network are routers and they are connected through wireless links in those networks. Mobile routers in the wireless network have the freedom to move and they have ability to organize themselves arbitrarily. This feature makes wireless topology to change very often and the data predictability in such a dynamic environment becomes complex. This makes the data access in such environment weak and data loss may occur due to intermittent network connections. Therefore, the restricted power supplies make way for data loss. Therefore, enhanced method with Cooperative cache path is proposed in this paper. This method deals with time and energy efficient technique for local communication with an efficient caching algorithm using Analytic Hierarchy Process. Data Sharing and mobile node coordination of cached data among multiple mobile nodes enable better cache performance to have quick data access with proper latency and enhances data availability in a frequently changing dynamic mobile environment. Proper selection of wireless path with optimal solution gives significant improvement in performance of the network. This paper targets and concentrates on selecting the effective routing cache paths to transfer data in those paths by considering multiple criteria using AHP method.


Many convex problems can be represented through conic extended formulations with auxiliary variables and constraints using only the small number of standard cones recognized by advanced conic solvers such as MOSEK 9. Such extended formulations are often significantly larger and more complex than equivalent conic natural formulations, which can use a much larger class of exotic cones. We define an exotic cone as a proper cone for which we can implement efficient logarithmically homogeneous self-concordant barrier oracles for the cone or its dual. Our goal is to establish whether a generic conic interior point method supporting natural formulations can outperform an advanced conic solver specialized for standard cones. We introduce Hypatia, a highly-configurable open-source conic primal-dual interior point solver with a generic interface for exotic cones. Hypatia is written in Julia and accessible through a native interface or the modeling language JuMP, and currently implements over two dozen predefined cones of interest. Using six example problems, we demonstrate significant advantages in terms of solve time, memory usage, and numerical robustness from solving natural formulations with Hypatia, compared to solving extended formulations with Hypatia or MOSEK.


River discharge estimations require an evaluation of the river flow resistance that generally is related with Manning's roughness coefficient. The literature suggests different ways of estimation of Manning's roughness, but in general they can be applied to channels in normal conditions such as uniform flow. But gravel bed rivers have a much larger roughness coefficient than people may think and the literature indicates. The use of a traditional estimation of roughness then would lead us to an underestimation of the roughness, resulting in an overestimate of the flow velocity and an underestimate of the river depth. The purpose of this paper is to recommend some formulas to estimate the roughness coefficient in this kind of flood. These empirical formulas were obtained using data from rivers in the United States, United Kingdom, and Chile. The range of error of the estimation of the roughness using the formulas recommended in this paper has been reduced considerably compared with earlier research. The average error ranged around 6% for rivers with large roughness-scale and 3% for rivers with intermediate scale.


Objective To study the biological effects of β1,4-galactosyltransferase V (β -1,4-GalT-V) expressed in astrocytoma, the sense and antisense expression plasmids of β-1,4-GalT-V were constructed and transfected into SHG-44 cells, one kind of astrocytoma cell lines. Methods The whole gene sequence of β-1,4-GalT-V was cloned into the pGEM-T vector and subcloned into the expression plasmid pcDNA3.1. In order to construct the antisense plasmid of β-1,4-GalT-V,the fragment from the start code ATG of β-1,4-GalT-V was generated by PCR using the antisense primers. The plasmid containing sense or antisense β-1,4-GalT-V was verified by EcoR I / Xho I digestion and DNA sequencing. The constructed expression plasmids were transfected into SHG-44 cells and certificated by Western blot and Northern blot analysis. Results It was found that the sense and antisense expression plasmids of β-1,4-GalT-V were constructed and transfected into the SHG-44 cells successfully. The plasmid containing sense β-1,4-GalT-V could increase the expression of β-1,4-GalT-V, but the plasmid containing antisense β-1,4-GalT-V could decrease the expression of β-1,4-GalT-V. Conclusion The astrocytoma cells transfected with the expression plasmids of β-1,4-GalT-V will help to study the effects of β-1,4-GalT-V on proliferation, adhesion and migration of astrocytoma cells.


It has made a discussion of the revolving technique of six elite men discus-throwing athletes(right-handed) applying three-dimensional shooting technique.It makes use of three-dimensional sports to analyze the system fast to get the statistics,which will be analyzed to obtain the norms closely related with the discus score in the revolving process of discus-throwing of elite men athletes.It was drawn a conclusion that the shoulder-hip cord angle and the movement rate of body centroidis at different phases will influence the rhythm,time-share and fulminating of rotating throwing discus technique.


Calpain 1, a ubiquitous calcium‐dependent intracellular protease, was recently found in a tight association with myofibrils in skeletal muscle tissue [Delgado EF, Geesink GH, Marchello JA, Goll DE & Koohmaraie M (2001) J Anim Sci79, 2097–2107). Our immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy investigations restrain the protease location at the periphery of the Z‐band and at the midpoint of the I‐band. Furthermore, calpain 1 is found to localize in myofibril fractures, described as proteolysis sites, in postmortem bovine skeletal red muscles, near the calcium deposits located at the N1 and N2 level. This in situ localization of calpain 1 is substantiated by binding assays with two titin regions covering the I‐band region: a native fragment of 150 kDa (identified by mass spectrometry) that includes the N‐terminal Z8–I5 region and the N1‐line region of titin, and an 800 kDa fragment external to the N1 line that bears the PEVK/N2 region. These two titin fragments are shown to tightly bind calpain 1 in the presence of CaCl2 and E64, a calpain inhibitor. In the absence of E64, they are cleaved by calpain 1. We conclude that titin affords binding sites to calpain 1, which concentrates the protease in the regions restrained by the Z‐band edge and the N1‐line as well as at the N2‐line level, two sarcomeric regions where early postmortem proteolysis is detected.


Tunable bandpass filters are critical components in emerging radio frequency front-ends. A system-aware design guideline and figure of merit (FOM) are developed for optimum system-level performance. The optimisation metric discussed here deviates from earlier guidelines as the filter bandwidth is allowed to vary in the tunable range, constrained only by the downstream system analogue to digital converter. The system-aware FOM uses worst-case filter design parameters and a tuning sensitivity term that captures the frequency tunability relative to material tunability. A 6.74-8.23-GHz tunable barium strontium titanate-based filter is presented as an example to illustrate the design methodology.


Background

There are two main types of dementia: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to investigate the protective role of ALA in cerebral I/R injury-related cognitive impairment in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), which mimics VCID in humans.
Methods

After I/R injury, rats were treated with either an intraperitoneal injection of ALA (25 mg/kg) or vehicle. Infarct volume, brain edema, modified neurologic severity scores, and Y-maze test for cognitive impairment were assessed. In addition, activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and microglia, and expression of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP), β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and synaptophysin were measured 7 days after tMCAO.
Results

We found that administration of ALA after cerebral I/R injury reduced cerebral infarction, brain edema, and improved neurologic deficits and cognitive impairment. In parallel, ALA reduced the expression of APP, BACE1, Aβ, and phosphorylated tau in the hippocampus, down-regulated the activation of GSK-3β and microglia, and improved the integrity of neuronal synapses.
Conclusion

ALA alleviated the severity of cerebral I/R injury and AD-related pathologies, preserved neuronal integrity, and improved cognitive impairment by down-regulating the activation of GSK-3β and microglia.


marked differences in the antibiofilm activity of the tested dressings in this challenging in vitro biofilm model, with CISEB showing far greater activity than CSO, PSS and PVASS. This work follows previous studies which evaluated the antibiofilm activity of silver-containing dressings, utilizing stringent biofilm models that consider key aspects of the wound environment (eg, the use of SWF, provision of moisture from below, a realistic simulated wound topography, use of a secondary dressing, and relevant testing timepoints linked to dressing wear times). 2,


72 oralhealth April 2007 Patient demand for aesthetic dentistry with minimally invasive procedures has resulted in the extensive use of freehand bonding of composite resin to anterior teeth.1 Preservation of remaining tooth structure and using as much enamel to bond to, has made the procedure very predictable. In order to achieve maximum esthetics, the dentist must be able to use multiple layers of composite, along with opaquers and tints. The stratification and proper placement of opaquers and tints will help replicate the polychromatic characteristics of the natural dentition.


We are continuously faced with a stream of information, which the brain needs to encode and integrate into existing knowledge.  Numerous factors affect this process, such as emotions, neurogenesis, and neuroplasticity. To explain how memory and learning are encoded in the brain, Semon's proposed the existence of engrams cells distributed across the cortex forming a network supporting a given memory, which are activated both during encoding and during recall. It appears that engrams can be either active or silent depending on the stage of memory consolidation. This would be in accordance with the system consolidation theory; however, incongruences in the literature still make it impossible to exclude other alternatives, like the multiple trace theory, as possible explanations. Moreover, it has been found that both learning and memory processes are socially affected. In fact, friendship status, social network features, and hierarchy position have an influence on how people encode information and store them.


Human anatomy and physiology are foundational courses in undergraduate medical, allied health, and nursing curricula, and the significance of these courses in preparing health care professionals cannot be underestimated. However, despite the essential nature of these courses, there is growing concern that students do not retain enough anatomical knowledge to successfully apply it in future classroom and clinical settings. While there are many studies examining anatomical knowledge retention in medical and allied health students, no studies were found that address this concern in nursing students. The aim of this study was to determine how much anatomical knowledge second‐year nursing students retain from their first‐year anatomy class, and to determine if there is a difference in level of retention based on organ system. To address these questions, nurses in their second‐year health assessment course were quizzed on anatomical knowledge that was covered in the first year of their program. For each system students were asked to answer nine to eleven multiple‐choice questions (MCQs). The scores from these quizzes were compared to their first‐year examination scores on the same content to determine overall knowledge retention. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS II and means were compared using 2‐sample t‐tests. The scores are described for each organ system by reporting the mean and standard deviation (SD). Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 for all tests. The mean score of questions from all the organ systems in year one was 83.05 ± 8.34 (SD). Comparing that score to matched test items from this cohort in year two, there is a significant decrease in the overall mean score from 83.05 ± 8.34 (SD) to 54.36 ± 12.9 (SD), t=6.14, P=0.0001). This equates to a 71.3% retention rate and a 28.7% knowledge loss after one year. System specific knowledge retention was highest for the gastrointestinal system (89.7%), respiratory system (88.5%), and genitourinary system (83.6%). This was followed by the integumentary system (80.1%), special senses (79.4%), nervous system (74.9%) and musculoskeletal system (69.3%). Retention was lowest for the lymphatic system (64.3%), cranial nerves (58.8%), vascular system (53.9%) and head and neck lymphatic (42.6%). The present study shows that nursing students' anatomical knowledge retention was comparatively higher than rates reported by others in medical students and allied‐health students. Retention levels were system specific. This study is now investigating knowledge retention in 3rd and 4th year nursing students. Further investigation into why retention is higher for specific systems and interventional strategies to improve knowledge acquisition and retention in nursing students is recommended.


The article presents the working principles and construction of a brushless DC motor. The BLDC motor control methods were discussed, including the division into methods using sensors for determining the rotor position and sensorless methods with an example of implementing BLDC motor control using microcontrollers. High efficiency and high durability as well as falling prices of electronic components and controllers cooperating with BLDC motors in recent years have caused a growing interest in this type of motors. The design of BLDC motors does not require the use of brushes, which in traditional brush motors supply voltage through the commutator to the rotor windings. Brushless motors are characterized by high efficiency, durability and reliability. The use of sensors in BLDC motor control systems increases the number of motor and commutator connections, thereby reducing the reliability of the drive system. For this reason, direct position and speed measurements are often abandoned for the use of sensorless control methods. DC brushless motors have various application areas, and due to their reliability and the ability to control speed, they are used, among others, in electric vehicles, medicine and industry.


By adopting Marx generator technology, a compact repetitive pulsed power system has been developed which consists of a high power repetitive power supply and a Marx generator. By utilizing inverter, resonance, 10-stage step boost, rectification and output in series, a high power repetitive power supply has been designed and tested which can transform 300V DC. to 100kV DC and charge the capacitor to 100kV repetitively. The Marx generator consists of 16 stages with integrated folder configuration. Each stage consists of three 20nF capacitors in parallel. By integrating the Marx with the high power repetitive power supply. A compact repetitive pulsed power system has been developed and tested. We have obtained 5 pulses with repetition rate of 5Hz on a 14Ω load. The peak voltage and peak power are more than 700kV and 35GW respectively.


Traffic congestions and carbon emissions are a few contributing factors to various problems in large cities across the globe. This paper provides the Single Purpose Processor (SPP) design for a nonholonomic segway robot's acceleration feedback control laws. The acceleration control rules are de-rived from the total potentials generated by the Lyapunov-based Control Scheme (LbCS), which were validated using Wolfram Mathematica simulation software. Due to the robot autonomously, the riders can have a safe ride while reaching their destination. Furthermore, the design could be implemented for rapid prototyping in hardware such as a VLSI chip, an ASIC chip, or an FPGA board. Hence, the segway robot could be used as a personal transport that could be ridden on narrow paths such as pavements while consuming less energy when compared to larger vehicles and help reduce carbon emissions; thus, the segway robot could be seen as an essential personal transport to contribute towards smart city goals.


[...]according to end-users in the lithium-ion battery supply chain - who buy graphite from select suppliers, based on its quality, uniformity and reliability - prices for natural graphite are similar to those for the synthetic alternative when battery materials made from one or the other source are compared like-for-like. The shortages were caused by a combination of environmentally driven closures among needle coke plants and steel blast furnaces in China, consequent surging demand for electrodes for use in electric-arc steel furnaces (EAFs), and rapidly increasing consumption of graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries for use in electric vehicles. [...]to primary synthetic graphite prices, natural flake graphite prices have relatively little bearing on the final price of battery graphite, even for premium large flakes sold for sphericizing, because the cost of processing and additional inputs determine the cost of the final product, and these fluctuate constantly. [...]even if synthetic graphite prices do rise dramatically, battery producers point out that the cost of graphite as a proportion of the overall cost of battery production remains so small that there is significant headroom to absorb price increases – and they are prepared to do this in the interests of maintaining quality, consistency and reliability of supply.


A new pulse compression filter design technique to realize theoretical minimum S/N loss with zero range sidelobe was indicated in our previous paper. In succession, we have verified in this paper the performance of this pulse compression filter applied to discrete phase-coded waveforms modulated by Barker code or P4 code via numerical simulations. As a result, we have concluded that the filter derived by our proposed formula surely realizes zero range sidelobe even in the case of oversampling in one code chip, the compressed pulse width is almost the same as the code chip length, and the degradation caused by the Doppler effect is inevitable but equivalent to traditional pulse compression filters. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(3): 10–20, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20263


quintessential Hopkins masterwork "The Windhover." Nathan Cervo's approach, in "The Ploughman as Chevalier" (HQ 29, nos. 3-4 [SummerFall 2002]: 106-108), is fairly strict explication de texte—although, beyond considering one text, he is comparing, in two poems ("The Windhover" and "Harry Ploughman"), the poet's vacillation between praise and disdain for the concepts of "pride" and "Amansstrength." By contrast, Sarah Winters' "Heavenly Bodies in 'The Windhover'" (HQ 30, nos. 1-2 [WinterSpring 2003]: 31-44) explores the historical circumstances of Hopkins' interest in science, as she proposes that "the fire that breaks" from the sonnet's described kestrel hawk may be a metaphorical comparison to the fire from falling meteors: illuminated objects from the sky, and objects about which Hopkins and many other amateur Victorian scientists often wrote. The fire, however, she adds, may reflect the religious conceptualization of a "[h]overing" Paraclete, in a lyric definitely centered upon the affirmation of Christic Incarnation. A somewhat unusual literary critical context, but one from which we luckily can garner some fairly attractive and informative discoveries about Hopkins' poetry, is Jerome McGann's essay "Visible and Invisible Books: Hermetic Images in n-Dimensional Space" (Literary and Linguistic Computing 17, no. 1 [2002]: 61-74). McGann analyzes fairly deftly the semiotic structure of Hopkins' sonnet "As kingfishers catch fire." He does so as he makes the point that "poems . . . are inherently non-hierarchical structures that promote attention to varying and overlapping sets of textual designs" (p. 74). In an age when scholars are beginning more and more to conduct "critical and editorial reconstitution of our inherited cultural archive in digital forms" (p. 74), McGann wishes to clarify that "in imaginative work," "the medium is always the message" (p. 73)—so that one must not treat poeisis as only "informational or expository" (as some computer afficionados, McGann avers, too much wish to do).


Portugal has a significant production of kiwifruit, from which around 73.8 tons of leaves and branches are generated every year. The composition of these residues shows interesting properties that could be incorporated into a value-added product. In order to create a new product, the steps proposed by the Chemical Product Design procedure were followed: identifying the needs, brainstorming ideas, selecting the best idea, proposing a manufacturing process. The chosen idea was an anti-ageing facial cream since the kiwifruit leaves and branches present interesting properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-pigmentation effects. In order to obtain this product, a manufacturing plan was designed, and an economic analysis was performed. The proposed circular economy business was found to be profitable and environmentally friendly. This work also includes further innovative steps of the facial cream, such as pigmentation.


The article attempts to understand a twofold manifestation of violence: the one that destroys the bodies of the young kids in Brazil and the one that ruins t...


In this case report we present a case of full thickness chondral lesion of anterior-distal surface of capitellum humeri, accompanying an intra-articular radial head fracture. Importance of this case is the resemblance of chondral injury to Lorenz-Kocher lesion of humerus and atypical displacement of chondral fragments. A 32-year-old male, admitted to emergency room after fall on his right upper extremity. X-ray and CT scan of elbow revealed a minimally displaced radial head fracture (Mason type 2), with a 4 mm step (depression) at joint surface. During the operation, at the anterior surface of the distal humerus, a full thickness chondral lesion was encountered. After removal of chondral fragments from the fractured radial head surface, it was seen that these fragments were of capitellar origin. Following radial head fixation, early active assistive motion was started. At the 6 month visit, the patient was pain-free with full participation in activities of daily living with a DASH score of 12,5. This injury is important due to demonstration of such an extensile injury in spite of benign looking radiology. Although radial head fractures were described, these type of occult injuries may be responsible from unexplainable and unfavorable outcome following low energy radial head fractures, treated conservatively.


Background and aim Distal embolization during primary percutaneous coronary intervention of the proximal right coronary artery (RCA) leads to impairment of flow of right ventricular (RV) branches and RV dysfunction. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists improve microcirculation and decrease the incidence of distal embolization. In the present study we aimed to assess RV function in patients with acute inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who received intracoronary (i.c.) bolus eptifibatide, and to compare them with patients who received a standard intravenous (i.v.) dose. Patients and methods Sixty-six patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention and whose culprit lesion was RCA proximal to major RV branch were included in the present study. Patients were divided into two groups. In the first group, 36 patients received double bolus intracoronary eptifibatide followed by i.v. infusion. In the second group, 30 patients received standard i.v. dose. Forty-eight hours after the index procedure, all the patients underwent standard echocardiography assessment of RV function using conventional two-dimensional and tissue Doppler imaging. Results There were no significant differences regarding baseline characteristics, final Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow, and left ventricular systolic function between the two groups. RV function indices, including tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, myocardial performance index-tissue Doppler imaging, and RV fractional area change, were significantly better in patients who received i.c. bolus eptifibatide (P<0.001). Conclusion I.c. double bolus eptifibatide followed by i.v. infusion was found to be superior to the standard i.v. dose with respect to RV function in patients with acute inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction due to proximal RCA occlusion.


We reexamine the one-loop corrections to the mass of the pseudo-scalar Higgs boson, using the effective potential. In the absence of the chargino and neutralino contributions its mass exhibits a large scale dependence in the large M1/2 regime, especially for values of tan β > 20. Thus, although of electroweak origin, the heaviness of the M1/2, in conjunction with the largeness of tan β, makes these corrections very important for establishing a scale independent result and an unambiguous determination of the pseudo-scalar mass in this region of the parameter space.


Isobarically purified beams of 77Cu with energies of 225 and 0.2 MeV were used at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility of Oak Ridge National Laboratory to study decay into states in 77Zn. Data taken at 225 MeV allowed the determination of absolute branching ratios relative to the decay of 77Cu for this decay as well as its daughters. From these we obtained a refined -delayed neutron emission probability of 30.3(22)% and a probability that the decay proceeds through 77Zng of 49.1(26)%. A total of 64 rays were placed in a level scheme for 77Zn containing 35 excited states including one state above the neutron separation energy, whereas two rays were observed for the n branch to states in 76Zn. The growth and decay curves of some prominent rays indicate a single -decaying state with a half-life of 480(9) ms. The decay pattern for 77Cu, with observed feeding of 8(3)% to 7/2+ 77Zng and 6(3)% to 1/2 77Znm, in contrast to the large feeding observed for decay of p3/2 73Cug to 1/2 73Zng, strongly suggests a f5/2 ground state for the studied 77Cu activity.


Epidermal transglutaminase (TGase) is known to catalyse cross‐linking of several precursor proteins in the formation of cornified cell envelope at the terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. Expression of TGase activity was studied using an in situ TGase activity assay in human fetal skin samples of 49–163 days estimated gestational age (EGA). In the early two‐layered epidermis (49–56 days EGA), in situ TGase activity was not observed in the periderm cells or the basal cells. In the late two‐layered epidermis (57–65 days EGA), in situ TGase activity became weakly positive in the periderm cells, but not in the basal cells. In the three‐layered (66–95 days EGA) and in four‐ or more layered (96–135 days EGA) stratified epidermis, in situ TGase activity was still restricted only to the periderm cells. After keratinization occurred in the interfollicular epidermis (163 days EGA), in situ TGase activity was expressed in the granular and cornified layers. This unique localization of TGase activity further support the hypothesis that periderm cells form cornified cell envelope during their regression process in human fetal skin development.


Over the last year, I have been fortunate enough to work at the World Health Organization (WHO) headquarters in Geneva. My work there involved developing strategies to help low- and middle-income countries address health inequalities, defined as the systematic and potentially remediable differences in one or more aspects of health across populations. I was fascinated to see that policy attempts to reduce health inequalities had been prioritized into two key areas: Primary Health Care and the Social Determinants of Health, areas of great relevance to general practice. The WHO has made two significant contributions to both these policy areas — the Commission on the Social Determinants of Health and the 2008 World Health Report on Primary Health Care. As a GP, I found myself reflecting on how these two policy areas relate to one another, and importantly how we, as GPs, can take action on the social determinants of health to strengthen primary health care.


TGA was used to compare thermal decomposition pathways in three types of reconstituted tobacco sheets with different heating rates and atmosphere.Data showed that residual balance of reconstituted tobacco sheet was high at a heating rate of 20℃·min-1 in N2.With the same heating rates,decomposition temperature was lower in air than in N2,because oxygen accelerated tobacco sheet oxidization.


A software environment, called THOR, for the development of numerical simulations of multi-component multi-temperature plasma problems has been developed and two specific models of systems involving high pressure electric arcs have been implemented. A general wall-stabilized arc model called "RadialArc" and a model of a magneto-plasma-dynamic thruster called "MPD" were developed under THOR. By use of the THOR environment, both of these models are extremely general and can simulate many different conditions including complete changes in working fluids. RadialArc has produced new results for non-equilibrium transient arcs in argon and also produced new results for a wall-stabilized nitrogen arc. MPD is the first attempt at a non-equilibrium description of a magneto-plasma-dynamic thruster. These non-equilibrium simulations include the effects of finite-rate chemistry, collisional energy exchange between electrons and heavy species, and diffusion of all species. The numerical techniques necessary for these types of two-temperature reactive flow problems were found to be a combination of several different schemes for different parts of the problems. The flow field problem has successfully followed steep gradients by the use of the Flux-Corrected Transport techniques developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Fast integration of the chemical rate equations has been performed by the selective asymptotic integration method also developed at NRL. The results of these simulations show good agreement with reported experiment results. The flexibility of the THOR environment has proven to be extremely valuable in changing simulation conditions.


Translation to morphologically rich languages is a difficult task because of sparsity caused by morphological richness. In this work we perform a pilot study on predicting the morphologically rich POS tags of sequences of lemmas. Similar studies have been conducted in the context of phrase-based statistical machine translation. We implement a state-of-the-art tagger taking lemmas as input and show that we can successfully predict the morphologically rich POS tags, with accuracies of up to 91%.


This paper explored the necessity of higher education experimental teaching reform on the basis of general education.The teaching problems were discussed in higher education.At last,the paper put forward three modes of experimental teaching reform,which puts " broad range of knowledge" into the teaching program,provides teaching mode of enlightenment and research study into professional experimental skill training for students and sets idea of extensive learning and multi-potency into experimental learning.In this way,it facilitates the development of undergraduates and improvement of experimental teaching quality.


INVESTIGATIONS ARE MADE TO ESTABLISH AND RECORD THE EFFECT OF GOVERNORS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CURRENT PRODUCTION PASSENGER CARS. TWO TYPES OF GOVERNORS WERE TESTSED. BOTH WERE ADJUSTABLE. ONE WAS A THROTTLE TYPE GOVERNOR WHICH CONTROLLED ENGINE SPEED (CAR 1), AND THE OTHER ONE WAS AN EXPERIEMENTAL GOVERNOR DRIVEN OFF THE SPEEDOMETER (CAR 2) SHAFT WHICH CONTROLLED CAR SPEED. THE CARS WERE OF THE SAME MAKE BUT DIFFERENT MODELS, EQUIPPED WITH HYDRA-MATIC TRANSMISSION. FULL THROTTLE ACCELERATIONS WERE MADE FOR A STANDING START ON A LEVEL STRAIGHTAWAY UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF GOVERNOR ADJUSTMENTS. MEASUREMENTS WERE TAKEN OF TIME, DISTANCE TRAVELED, ENGINE RPM, AND CAR SPEED. FROM THESE DATA, VARIOUS ASPECTS OF CAR PERFORMANCE AND RELATIVE PERFORMANCE WERE CALCULATED. THE DATA INDICATED THAT A GOVERNOR COULD BE DETRIMENTAL TO ACCELERATION AND PERFORMANCE.


Clinical instructors play a significant role in the development of safe and competent nursing students. When nurses beginning their career as a clinical instructor, a substantial gap in knowledge can existence in the expectations of this new role. A deficiency of formal education in nursing education or orientation to this position can lead to a lack of self-efficacy and knowledge among clinical instructors. Research supports that a formal orientation and training increases feelings of self-efficacy among clinical instructors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an online educational program on clinical instructor's knowledge and self-efficacy towards teaching in a pre-licensure bachelors of science in nursing program. A pre-test/post-test design was utilized to assess changes in knowledge and self-efficacy immediately before and after the intervention for ten clinical instructors. Directly following the training, knowledge scores were measured with a statically significant result. In addition, immediately after the training and three months after the training, self-efficacy scores were measured and found to be statically significantly. In conclusion, the educational intervention was found to be statistically significant in improving the knowledge and self-efficacy scores among clinical instructors in the program as evidenced by the pre-test/post-tests results. This program was cost-effective to implement as there was no cost to the school of nursing or clinical instructors. The instructors could complete the online training from any location that had internet access and during any time of the day or night at their convenience.


There are many problems with contamination of milk with thermophilic bacteria in the dairy industry. This is in part a result of fouling by milk components on stainless steel surfaces. It is expected that the interactions between milk fouling and bacteria deposited in or on the fouling deposit are important issues. In our previous work [1], various fluids were flushed over the top of a model foulant layer, which contains high percentages of milk proteins, fat and some bacteria cells to investigate the behavior of 'resident' microorganisms. This study showed that Bacillus stearothermophilus could multiply within a model foulant and 'migrate' from the deposit into the fluid when processing. Cleaning of such a system (i.e. milk fouling and bacteria combined together) was also investigated. In particular, the disinfection power of cleaning fluid was evaluated. The results indicated that the milk fouling could provide good protection for the cells against cleaning chemicals. In the current study, a different approach was taken where fabric layers were used as the support for the bacteria cells to explore the generic behavior of the foulant-bacteria system.


Thermoplastic foam properties and processing stability depend strongly on the ability to obtain the proper rheological properties for the polymer melt at temperatures where the decomposition of a chemical blowing agent may be controlled. An experimental technique has been developed which allows stable processing conditions to be determined for the continuous extrusion of foamed thermoplastics with known foam properties. The technique involves a thermal analysis of the polymer-blowing agent formulation to determine the range of controllable extrusion temperatures. Rheological analysis was carried out using a slit die to establish a relationship between the thermal blowing characteristics of the polymer composition and rheological data which correlate with foam extrudability and the physical properties of the foam. This provides a means of predicting both processability and foam properties which aid in the scale-up to production. The rheological-foam property correlations were confirmed by continuous foam extrusion on a laboratory extruder.


The purpose of the implementation of fostering students in the hostel reveals the characteristics of the coaches of students through a process of approach, education, and habituation that is applied in a series of activities both inside and outside the hostel. This research is field research with a qualitative descriptive approach with natural characteristics as a direct data source. Data collection through observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques with inductive and deductive methods. The issues discussed include various characteristics of the implementation of coaching students in dormitories with various actuating, directing, leading, coordinating, and motivating elements. The results of this study indicate that Actuating characteristics have been applied properly and consistently with a good approach to fostering students in the dormitory. Characteristics of Directing by giving directions and providing various information related to what hostel activities will be carried out every day. Leading characteristics provide an example of a leader and the best role model for students in carrying out a series of activities for students in the dormitory. Coordinating Characteristics There is a good cooperative relationship or teamwork between Santri coaches, dormitory administrators, and OSPI administrators intensely in coordinating coaching in the dormitory to achieve goals effectively and efficiently. Motivating characteristics provide various motivations, and enthusiasm for learning and provide reasons why it must be implemented. This implementation has different characteristics such as the existence of an iqob system (educational punishment), role models, and a system of learning contracts, activity contracts, and contracts in the hostel. These efforts can provide solutions to foster properly according to the goals to be achieved.


We propose an automatic method to measure depression severity from body movement dynamics in participants undergoing treatment for depression. Participants were recorded in clinical interviews (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, HRSD) at seven-week intervals over a period of 21 weeks. Gram matrices formulation was used for body shape and trajectories representation from each video interview. Kinematic features were then extracted and encoded for video based representation using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) and Fisher vector encoding. A multi-class SVM was finally used to classify the encoded body movement dynamics into three levels of depression severity scores: moderate to severely depressed, mildly depressed, and remitted. Accuracy was higher for moderate to severe depression (68%) followed by mild depression (56%), and then remitted (37.93%). The obtained results suggest that automatic detection of depression severity from body movement is feasible.


Loy Yang is the latest power project proposed for the Latrobe Valley and the biggest, with two 2000-MW plants to be built on the edge of a massive new open-cast brown coal mine. As such it has successfully passed one of the most extensive and demanding environmental impact investigations ever conducted in Australia. The proposed plant would consist of a 2000-MW station to be developed between 1983 and 1988, followed by a second 2000-MW stage from 1989 to 1992. It would be a base load plant and its development timing could be altered in line with any unexpected change in demand.


Background Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a life-threatening disease with high mortality. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of surgical embolectomy and to clarify the sustained long-term effects of surgery by comparing preoperative, postoperative, and long-term follow-up echocardiography outcomes. Of 22 survivors, 21 were followed up for a mean (median) period of 6.8±5.4 years (4.2 years). Methods We retrospectively reviewed 27 surgical embolectomy cases for massive or submassive acute PTE from 2003 to 2016. Immediate and long-term follow-up outcomes of surgical embolectomy were assessed on the basis of 30-day mortality, long-term mortality, postoperative complications, right ventricular systolic pressure, and tricuspid regurgitation grade. Results The 30-day and long-term mortality rates were 14.8% (4 of 27) and 4.3% (1 of 23), respectively. Three patients had major postoperative complications, including hypoxic brain damage, acute kidney injury, and endobronchial bleeding, respectively (3.7% each). Right ventricular systolic pressure (median [range], mm Hg) decreased from 62.0 (45.5–78.5) to 31.0 (25.7–37.0, p<0.001). The tricuspid valve regurgitation grade (median [range]) decreased from 1.5 (0.63–2.00) to 0.50 (0.50–1.00, p<0.05). The improvement lasted until the last echocardiographic follow-up. Conclusion Surgical embolectomy revealed favorable mortality and morbidity rates in patients with acute massive or submassive PTE, with sustained long-term improvements in cardiac function.


We address the puzzle concerning the inverse relationship between openness and real exchange rate volatility. We argue that the relationship can be explained by increased openness facilitating purchasing power parity. Using New Zealand data, we show that increased openness prolongs real exchange regimes characterised by fast mean-reversion and low volatility.


The article examines some of the legal challenges brought about by automation and digitalization. The specific focus is on product liability rules. The article examines the way in which automation may challenge both the traditional concept of a "product" and of a "defect" in the product liability directive and explores the extent to which a digital platform, used for distribution of products, could be regarded a 'producer' within the meaning of the product liability directive.


This paper presents the degradation behaviors of polyvinylidenefluoride- (PVDF-) coated polyesters used in tensioned membrane structure by artificial accelerated tests, in which the effects of environment factors and loading conditions are studied. Results show that the degradation ratio of main mechanical parameters (tensile strength, tear strength, and elastic modulus) is related to the aging depth of substrate and coating. The degradation of weather resistance can be considered as the accumulation of environment and loads. The ultraviolet radiation and the temperature mainly affect the mechanical properties of yarns, while the preloading before aging tests can change the crimp degrees and decrease the coating thickness. The effect of loads should not be ignored in the weather resistance analysis of PVDF-coated polyesters. A simplified method composed of cyclic tests and stress-relaxation tests is suggested to study the long-term weather resistance of PVDF-coated polyesters. It can provide a theoretical reference for the proposal of resistance partial factor in the design of tensioned membrane structure.


Organic wastes,e.g.manure,night soil and straw,produced in rural areas are main pollution resources of Yuqiao Reservoir.The investigation shows that 44.8% of TN and 19.5% of TP in Yuqiao Reservoir is contributed by unorganized emissions of the waste.The demonstration Clean Development Mechanism(CDM)project of biomass energy was built to control the organic wastes in Yaobaizhuang village.The anaerobic digestion process was used and treatment capacity was 55 ton per day in this project.The potential of CDM project was evaluated by the pollution control,green house gas(GHG)reduction and methane generation.The results showed that the pollution was controlled by waste treatment and 62.1 t·a-1 COD,27.8 t·a-1 BOD,37.0 t·a-1 NH3-N,1.8 t·a-1 TP and 15.6 t·a-1 TN in organic waste were reduced to spread to Yuqiao Reservoir.The data showed that the CDM project could control emission of GHG(e.g.CO2、CH4 and N2O)efficiently.The reduction of GHG was more than 68% in this project.Meanwhile,the methane generation was 381.3 m3·d-1,which could meet the demand of energy and heat of families in this village.The biogas residues and slurry were also excellent organic fertilizer.


Rapeseed oil with proportions of erucic acid (C22:1) substantially higher than the level found in traditional cultivars (ca. 50% C22:1) are sought by breeders and chemists for use in wellknown industrial processes and products. In a first step available rapesed and Brassica germplasm was screened for high erucic acid content. Following conventional breeding procedures (e.g. pedigree selection) promising rapeseed genotypes were crossed and the progeny were selected due to genetic variation of oil content and quality (.)


PURPOSE: A natural type nonpoint pollution purifying apparatus for purifying rivers and a natural type nonpoint pollution purifying method are provided to stably eliminate impurities, floating materials, suspended solid materials, and oil materials. CONSTITUTION: A natural type nonpoint pollution purifying apparatus for purifying rivers includes a storing place(20), a filtering bath(30), a vertical filtering type artificial wetland(50), a horizontal filtering type artificial wetland(60), a final treating water bath(70), and a controlling unit. The storing place stores water from a introducing water gate(21). The filtering bath includes a filtering media and filters the water from the storing palace. The vertical filtering type artificial wetland induces the flow of the water to a vertical direction. The horizontal filtering type wetland induces the flow of the water to a horizontal direction. The final treating water bath drains treated water and resupplies the treated water to the water storing place.


We analyse the complexity of environments according to the policies that need to be used to achieve high performance. The performance results for a population of policies leads to a distribution that is examined in terms of policy complexity and analysed through several diagrams and indicators. The notion of environment response curve is also introduced, by inverting the performance results into an ability scale. We apply all these concepts, diagrams and indicators to a minimalistic environment class, agent-populated elementary cellular automata, showing how the difficulty, discriminating power and ranges (previous to normalisation) may vary for several environments.