A gallery of hydrotalcite-type mesoporous materials with different Mg/Al molar ratios were synthesized by the coprecipitation method. The materials were activated by heat treatment to test their activity in the photodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol under UV light irradiation. The physicochemical properties of the different synthesized and activated materials were determined using XRD, physical adsorption/desorption of N2, FTIR, SEM, DTA, and TGA. Their banned band energy was determined by UV-Vis to identify their potential to be used as a semiconductor in catalytic photodegradation processes. The results of photodegradation tests of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol showed that hydrotalcites have a high degradation capacity, up to 100% for the catalyst of Mg/Al ratio = 2, with a high mineralization capacity of 80%. The degradation capacity of most of the catalysts tested is mainly due to the presence of holes and the formation of superoxide free radicals, which are the determining species within the degradation mechanism.


INTRODUCTION The present winged fruit fossils belong to the organ genus Palaeocarya Saporta emend. Manchester (Manchester, 1987). They are found from the locality (22°07.690'N, 107°02.434'E) near Gaolingtun, 4 km to the south west of Ningming County, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region. Apart from the present fossils of Juglandaceae, there are some other macro , micro plant and fish fossils from the same locality. The macro plant fossils include Osmundaceae, Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Palmae and others. The fossils of Palaeocarya are widely distributed in the Tertiary strata of the Northern Hemisphere, but so far in China only one species, P. koreanica (Oishi) Manchester, is reported from Oligocene in Jilin Province (Guo Shuang xing et al., 2002). The present Palaeocarya fossils are numerous and rather well preserved. It is the first discovery of this fossil genus from southern China and it will end the history that there was no fossil record of the related modern genus, Engelhardia , in its present distribution center and this new record would provide an important clue for searching the evolution of the Tribe Engelhardieae.


Natural products used in dietary supplements, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and conventional medicine are composites of multiple chemical compounds. These chemical compounds potentially offer an extensive source for drug discovery with accumulated knowledge of efficacy and safety. However, existing natural product related databases have drawbacks in both standardization and structuralization of information. Therefore, in this work, we construct an integrated database of natural products by mapping the prescription, herb, compound, and phenotype information to international identifiers and structuralizing the efficacy information through database integration and text-mining methods. We expect that the constructed database could serve as a fundamental resource for the natural products research.


In 2 field tests on a commercial poultry ranch, different concentrations of a pyrethroid, fenvalerate, were compared against the standard carbaryl by hand and power sprays to layer hens for control of Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago).

Experimental hand spray concentrations of 0.05 and 0.025% fenvalerate and 0.5% carbaryl produced effective mite control for 2 months during which time the treated hens were challenged with mites at 3, 6, and 8 wk posttreatment. In a 2nd test, commercial power sprays of 0.025 and 0.0125% fenvalerate produced effective mite control for 53 days.

No adverse effects, loss in egg production, or abnormal mortality occurred in hens sprayed with the experimental formulation of fenvalerate.


Objective To Provide clinical references for explaining atrial fibrillation maintaining mechanism,by analyzing the f wave and left atrial inner dimension in patients with atrial fibrillation.Methods A total of 391 cases of atrial fibrillation was collected from January 2008 to January 2011 in our hospital,then 50 cases were selected randomly from chronic atrial fibrillation and 50 cases from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.The amplitude of f wave,timing,f-f interval and left atrial dimension,and so on,were measured,then made a statistics analysis of the results.Results The index above in the Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation group are lower than that of the persistent atrial fibrillation,except inner diameter.There were statistic differences between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion The increase of left atrial dimension,the shorten of refractory period of atrium maybe the pathological mechanism of atrial fibrillation.


By using "upscalling" method the affected area and exposed population due to the H2S emission from To Lich River is forecasted. The factor of human potential toxicity of H2S is applied to estimate the loss of economic value because of the effects of H2S emission from To Lich River. The loss of economic value owing to the effects of H2S emission from To Lich River is estimated depended on the targets of Vietnamese or WHO.


Introduction: Waiting time affects medical services quality and patients' satisfaction. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method is the most effective instr uments for improving quality; and is used to assess customers' needs and increase their satisfaction. We used the QFD method to identify strategies to re duc waiting times in the emergency department of faghih i ospital in Shiraz, 2012. Methods: The major steps of the study included determining the mean of the c li nts' waiting time, identifying the customers' needs and expectations t hrough interviews (n=80), identifying the service elements through interviews (n=15), determining relationship between the patien ts' expectations and the service elements, determining relationship between the service elements based on the house of quality analysis through QFD Designer software, d signing the service quality model, and presenti ng strategies. Results: The mean waiting time of the clients of the emerge ncy department through 20 processes was 335±98 minutes. Through identifying 13 customers' needs and expectations and 20 service elements, nine service elements were prioritized as the components of service quality model in three levels including : 1) physical space of physician's room; 2) improvement of nursing services, hoteling facilitie s, inpatient room, and triage space; and 3) improvement of guide syste ms, providing welfare facilities for patients' comp anions, and improving waiting room. Conclusion: Considering patients' expectations, the quality mo del designed in the present study can be used as a comprehensive guide to improve quality of services provided by the emergency department. However, complexity of the model and time-consuming procedures are among the limitations of using the QFD method.


A wide range of wearable devices are now used to help people with various health conditions. While approximately 10% of the Canadian population is affected by some form of urinary incontinence, there is a significant need for devices addressing this condition. This paper presents an ongoing research project for the design and development of an underwear fitted with urinary detection capacities. The paper focuses on the testing and comparison of three different solutions identified from scientific literature for detecting urinary leakage, namely by measuring conductivity, temperature, and humidity. These three detection modules have been integrated into a single prototype to ensure that they are tested under the same conditions. Our results point out that conductivity and humidity measurements appear to be viable for urine leakage detection in an absorbent pad, whereas temperature measurement has proven to be unsuccessful due to the rapid drop of the solution temperature and the time required for the liquid to reach the sensor. The temperature method is hence excluded from the next development stages. Finally, further tests on participants are still required to evaluate how body fluids other than urine might impact conductivity and humidity measurements.


Ramanujan sums, which have been widely researched in mathematics, recently began to attract more attentions in signal processing and communications. The traditional methods to get the values of Ramanujan sums follow the definition and formulas in number theory, both of which need factorization information. As it is complex and the amount of time needed is unpredictable in hardware programming, a programmable approach base on the primitive roots of unity is proposed in this paper. Only simple arithmetic computing and cosine function is involved. Considering that each value of Ramanujan sums is an integer, the number of sample points required is no more than the period of Ramanujan sums, and quantification bits required are no more than 16 bits, as the simulation results demonstrated. Keywords-Ramanujan sum; programmable; primitive roots of unity


Background To combat the Covid-19 pandemic in the United States, many states and Washington DC enacted Stay-at-Home order and nonpharmaceutical mitigation interventions. This study examined the determinants of the timing to implement an intervention. Through an impact analysis, the study explored the effects of the interventions and the potential risks of removing them under the context of reopening the economy. Method A content analysis identified nine types of mitigation interventions and the timing at which states enacted these strategies. A proportional hazard model, a multiple-event survival model, and a random-effect spatial error panel model in conjunction with a robust method analyzing zero-inflated and skewed outcomes were employed in the data analysis. Findings To our knowledge, we provided in this article the first explicit analysis of the timing, determinants, and impacts of mitigation interventions for all states and Washington DC in the United States during the first five weeks of the pandemic. Unlike other studies that evaluate the Stay-at-Home order by using simulated data, the current study employed the real data of various case counts of Covid-19. The study obtained two meritorious findings: (1) states with a higher prevalence of Covid-19 cases per 10,000 population reacted more slowly to the outbreak, suggesting that some states may have missed the optimal timing to prevent the wide spread of the Covid-19 disease; and (2) of nine mitigation measures, three (non-essential business closure, large-gathering bans, and restaurant/bar limitations) showed positive impacts on reducing cumulative cases, new cases, and death rates across states. Interpretation The opposite direction of the prevalence rate on the timing of issuing the mitigation interventions partially explains why the Covid-19 caseload in the U.S. remains high. A swift implementation of social distancing is crucial-the key is not whether such measures should be taken but when. Because there is no preventive vaccine and because there are few potentially effective treatments, recent reductions in new cases and deaths must be due, in large part, to the social interventions delivered by states. The study suggests that the policy of reopening economy needs to be implemented carefully.


Abstract. Precipitation is a key climate variable that affects large parts of society, especially in situations with excess amounts. Climate change projections show an intensified hydrological cycle through changes in intensity, frequency, and duration of precipitation events. Still, due to the complexity of precipitation processes and their large variability in time and space, climate models struggle to represent precipitation accurately. This study investigates the simulated precipitation in Europe in available climate model ensembles that cover a range of horizontal model resolutions. The ensembles used are global climate models (GCMs) from CMIP5 and CMIP6 ( ∼100 –300 km horizontal grid spacing at mid-latitudes), GCMs from the PRIMAVERA project at sparse ( ∼80 –160 km) and dense ( ∼25 –50 km) grid spacing, and CORDEX regional climate models (RCMs) at sparse ( ∼50  km) and dense ( ∼12.5  km) grid spacing. The aim is to seasonally and regionally over Europe investigate the differences between models and model ensembles in the representation of the precipitation distribution in its entirety and through analysis of selected standard precipitation indices. In addition, the model ensemble performances are compared to gridded observations from E-OBS. The impact of model resolution on simulated precipitation is evident. Overall, in all seasons and regions the largest differences between
resolutions are seen for moderate and high precipitation rates, where the
largest precipitation rates are seen in the RCMs with the highest resolution
(i.e. CORDEX 12.5 km) and the smallest rates in the CMIP GCMs. However, when compared to E-OBS, the high-resolution models most often overestimate high-intensity precipitation amounts, especially the CORDEX 12.5 km resolution models. An additional comparison to a regional data set of high quality lends, on the other hand, more confidence to the high-resolution model results. The effect of resolution is larger for precipitation indices describing heavy precipitation (e.g. maximum 1 d precipitation) than for indices describing the large-scale atmospheric circulation (e.g. the number of precipitation days), especially in regions with complex topography and in summer when precipitation is predominantly caused by convective processes. Importantly, the systematic differences between low resolution and high resolution also remain when all data are regridded to common grids of 0.5 ∘ × 0.5 ∘ and 2 ∘ × 2 ∘ prior to analysis. This shows that the differences are effects of model physics and better resolved surface properties and not due to the different grids on which the analysis is performed. PRIMAVERA high resolution and CORDEX low resolution give similar results as they are of similar resolution. Within the PRIMAVERA and CORDEX ensembles, there are clear differences between the low- and high-resolution simulations. Once reaching ∼50  km the difference between different models is often larger than between the low- and high-resolution versions of the same model. For indices describing precipitation days and heavy precipitation, the difference between two models can be twice as large as the difference
between two resolutions, in both the PRIMAVERA and CORDEX ensembles. Even
though increasing resolution improves the simulated precipitation in comparison to observations, the inter-model variability is still large,
particularly in summer when smaller-scale processes and interactions are
more prevalent and model formulations (such as convective parameterisations)
become more important.


In the sixth generation (6G) era, intelligent machine network (IMN) applications, such as intelligent transportation, require collaborative machines with communication, sensing, and computation (CSC) capabilities. This article proposes an integrated communication, sensing, and computation (ICSAC) framework for 6G to achieve the reciprocity among CSC functions to enhance the reliability and latency of communication, accuracy and timeliness of sensing information acquisition, and privacy and security of computing to realize the IMN applications. Specifically, the sensing and communication functions can merge into unified platforms using the same transmit signals, and the acquired real-time sensing information can be exploited as prior information for intelligent algorithms to enhance the performance of communication networks. This is called the computing-empowered integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) reciprocity. Such reciprocity can further improve the performance of distributed computation with the assistance of networked sensing capability, which is named the sensing-empowered integrated communications and computation (ICAC) reciprocity. The above ISAC and ICAC reciprocities can enhance each other iteratively and finally lead to the ICSAC reciprocity. To achieve these reciprocities, we explore the potential enabling technologies for the ICSAC framework. Finally, we present the evaluation results of crucial enabling technologies to show the feasibility of the ICSAC framework.


Cold storage warehouses (CSWs) are large energy consumers and account for a significant portion of the global energy demand. CSWs are ideally suited for solar renewable energy, as they generally have large flat roofs and their peak demand can coincide with the sun shining. A challenge with fluctuating renewables is their variability, which means generation may not coincide with demand. Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is a technology that stores electrical energy as a cryogenic liquid. This paper presents two strategies for using LAES at CSWs, firstly to shift the import of energy from peak to off-peak tariffs and secondly to store on site renewable energy when there is a surplus and use when not. The financial viability of these strategies is then investigated taking into account the capital cost of the LAES and the money that can be saved due to the differences in tariffs at different times.


GB virus‐C/hepatitis G virus (GBV‐C/HGV) is an RNA virus that can be transmitted by transfusion with the diagnosis based on the detection of serum GBV‐C/HGV RNA by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. In order to evaluate the role of antibodies to the E2 protein (anti‐E2) of GBV‐C/HGV in patients with acute posttransfusion hepatitis, anti‐E2 was measured in one patient with acute GBV‐C/HGV infection, five patients with acute GBV‐C/HGV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection, and four patients with positive pretransfusion GBV‐C/HGV RNA who were superinfected with HCV after transfusion. One patient with acute GBV‐C/HGV infection remained GBV‐C/HGV RNA‐positive 18 months after transfusion and did not develop anti‐E2. Among five patients with acute GBV‐C/HGV and HCV coinfection, one lost GBV‐C/HGV RNA 28 months after transfusion and developed anti‐E2 independent of serum alanine aminotranferase levels. The other four patients remained GBV‐C/HGV RNA‐positive and anti‐E2–negative at the end of follow‐up. Among four patients with positive pretransfusion GBV‐C/HGV RNA and superinfected with HCV, one lost GBV‐C/HGV RNA 2 months and one 10 months after superinfection and subsequently developed anti‐E2. The other two patients remained GBV‐C/HGV RNA‐positive without anti‐E2 at the end of follow‐up. Sixty‐five samples tested were mutually and exclusively positive for either GBV‐C/HGV RNA or anti‐E2; only one sample was positive for both GBV‐C/HGV RNA and anti‐E2. In conclusion, the development of anti‐E2 of GBV‐C/HGV usually indicates the clearance of serum GBV‐C/HGV RNA in patients with acute posttransfusion hepatitis. J. Med. Virol. 57:85–89, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Based on the coal enterprise basic management pattern of construction project as the research object,first analyzes the basic construction of coal mine characteristic,elaborated on this foundation the current management mode of existence the question,finally proposed the market economy environment of coal mine construction project management pattern,the hope of the future of mine construction project management theory foundation.


A series of new crystal structures of salts containing [PtCl4]2- or [PdCl4]2- with organic cations containing pyridinium and piperidinium groups have been prepared:  [4,4'-H2bpe][PtCl4] (2), [4,4'-H2bpethane][PtCl4] (3), [HNC5H4CO2H-4]2[PtCl4] (6a), [HNC5H4CONH2-3]2[PtCl4] (8), [H2NC5H9CO2H-4]2[PtCl4] (9), [H2NC5H9CO2H-3]2[PtCl4] (10), [H2NC5H9CO2H-4]Cl (11), [HNC5H4CO2H-4]Cl (12), [4,4'-H2bpe][PdCl4] (13), [4,4'-H2bipip][PdCl4] (14a, 14b, 14c), [piperazinium][PdCl4]·2H2O (15), and [HNC5H4CO2H-4]2[PdCl4]·2H2O (16). The molecular recognition motifs formed in these and related structures are identified and discussed. The robustness of these supramolecular synthons and their applicability in synthetic crystallography are analyzed. Cases of structural mimicry of a molecule by a supramolecular dication (1 and 6a), isomorphism (2 and 3; 4 and 14a; 6 and 16), polymorphism (14a−c), and "latent" polymorphism (2 and 13) are identified.


Thin plates, which are widely used in ship structures, undergo weld-induced buckling distortions because of their lower critical buckling strength. Thus, there is a need for an active in-process distortion control mechanism in the welding involving thin plates. In this regard, a ThermoMechanical Tensioning (TMT) method was developed and implemented successfully. In the current work, experimental investigation of the effect of TMT pull on the resulting welding distortions is studied and also the TMT process is compared with a heat sinking technique. The experimental results indicate that an increase in the TMT pull would reduce the extent of weld-induced buckling distortions. The results also suggest that a complicated heat sinking technique can be effectively replaced by a TMT process in reducing the welding out-of-plane distortions. The concept of TMT is further extended to the fabrication of grillage structures used in ship structures, which includes longitudinal and transverse welds.


Objective
The present study aims to explore the grey matter volume changes in drug-nave first-episode major depressive disorder (MDD) female patients and to find out their correlation with event-related potential P300.

Methods
Twenty-five patients, aging between 18-58 years, diagnosed with first-episode MDD and 28 gender-, age-, education level-matched healthy controls were included in this study. All participants were assigned to receive 3D structural magnetic resonance imaging brain scans, and the patients were assigned to receive P300 tests.

Results
In contrast with healthy controls, decreased grey matter volume was detected in the right frontal operculum and the right precentral gyrus of patients, both P3 and N2 latencies were positively correlated with bilateral putamen nuclei (all P<0.01). The P3 latency was also positively associated with the volumes of left middle temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and left fusiform gyrus. The N2 latency was also positively associated with the volumes of left posterior cingulate gyrus, the right fusiform gyrus, the occipital lobe, and the left cerebellum (all P<0.01). The P3 amplitude was negatively associated with the volumes of left angular gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus (all P<0.01). No statistically significant correlation was found between each component of P300 and Hamilton Depression Scale scores (total and factor).

Conclusions
The abnormalities of grey matter volume are observed in certain brain regions in unmedicated female patients with first-episode MDD in this study. And the P300 in those patients are in correlation with many grey matter regions of the brain, especially temporal lobes and basal ganglia.

Key words:
Major depressive disorder; Event-related potentials,P300; Gray matter volume; Magnetic resonance imaging


In this study, a strain gradient crystal plasticity model based on dislocation densities is presented aiming at predicting the scale-dependent deformation response of crystalline materials. Two types of dislocation densities, edge and screw, have been incorporated into the framework of the crystal plasticity and the geometrically necessary dislocation(GND) are introduced to take into the strain gradient effects. A corresponding time-integration algorithm for the constitutive model has been developed and implemented into the user-subroutine UEL of a finite element program ABAQUS. Representative comparisons between the numerical predictions and experiments are given to verify the robustness and stability of the current implementation of the dislocation-density-based crystal plasticity model: uniaxial tension and simple shear of aluminum multicrystals.


One of the most frequently concerned metrics for evaluating the performance of MAC protocol is throughput. In this paper, we propose a novel Markov Chain based TDMA MAC protocol which is called Predictive-TDMA (P-TDMA) to achieve high performance of throughput for Mesh Networks. In order to give a more effective time slot assignment strategy rather than even assignment, we use Markov Chain to predict the possibility of an end-user device's future working condition, whether it's more likely to be idle or busy. Then based on the ratio of all end-user devices' possibilities of working condition, we assign a proper number of time slots to each end-user device to maximize throughput. Through simulation, the results show that under the scenario that the amount of data is randomly requested by each end-user device, throughput of our design is around 10% better than even assignment strategy. And under the scenario that some end-user devices request much more amount of data than others, which happens more frequently in realistic situations, throughput of our design can be 200% better than even assignment strategy.


PURPOSE:A method for manufacturing a mask for printing an alignment film, a mask for printing an alignment film manufactured by the method, and an apparatus for printing an alignment film by using a mask are provided to print an alignment film on a large substrate. CONSTITUTION:A first mask(200a) is prepared by forming a plurality of first pattern parts(240a), a plurality of first aligning marks(250a), and a plurality of first dummy pattern parts(260a). A second mask(200b) is prepared by forming a plurality of second pattern parts(240b), a plurality of second aligning marks(250b), and a plurality of second dummy pattern parts(260b). The first mask and the second mask are aligned by using the first dummy patterns and the second dummy patterns. The first mask and the second mask are bonded with each other to form a mask(200) for an alignment.


The Bharatiya Janata Party's win in Chhattisgarh can be attributed to a positive appraisal by the voting populace of the state government's performance in the state.


Bacterial cellulose or Nata is produced using pineapple waste as substrate for the fermentation process by Acetobacter xylinum. This study was aimed to optimize the production of bacterial cellulose in static and agitated condition. Production of bacterial cellulose in agitated condition has been performed at different rpm, with and without adding micro particles. The fermentation conditions were set at pH 5.0 and 28 C. The highest bacterial cellulose formation is obtained from agitated condition with additional micro particles at 120 rpm whereas the bacterial cellulose weight is increased by 70.23 % compared to the static condition. The addition of microparticles helped in increasing the bacterial cellulose formation by 15.19 %. From the optimization using Design Expert(, yeast extracts and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) are the most significant factors affecting the bacterial cellulose production. From the results, the optimum formulation for bacterial cellulose production from pineapple waste as medium were yeast extract 6 g, sucrose 20 g, bactopepton 1.49 g and KH2PO4 1.08 g for 176.47 g (wet weight) of bacterial cellulose production.


Abstract Chiral and air-stable fibers were obtained by the self-assembling of 1-Dglucosamide bolaamphiphiles in bulk water, and the even-odd effect of the spanned methylene chains on the chiral assemblies was discussed.


Electrochromic energy storage devices (EESDs) are incorporating electrochromic and energy storage functions, which can visually display energy storage levels in real‐time to promote the next generation of transparent battery development. However, their performances are still limited for practical applications. Herein, a self‐powered EESD based on complex niobium tungsten oxide is designed using aqueous Zn2+ and hybrid Zn2+/Mn+ (Mn+ = Al3+, Mg2+, and K+) electrolytes. The results reveal that the use of Zn2+/Al3+ hybrid electrolyte achieves superior electrochromic performances including a short self‐coloring time, high optical contrast, and excellent cyclic stability. Furthermore, it is also found that the self‐coloring process is accompanied by a high discharged capacity of niobium tungsten oxide, with high optical modulation in the Zn2+/Al3+ hybrid electrolyte. The detailed mechanism on the performances of EESD using various electrolytes is systematically studied. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for an aqueous and self‐powered EESD with high optical contrast and good cycle stability.


This paper presents a design technique for a wide angle impedance matching network material which does not require the knowledge of the analytical form of the scan impedance of the radiating element. The design procedure is therefore applicable for any type of array element and it is based on a Floquet-mode expansion. The presented approach is applied to the design of a multilayer Wide Angle Impedance Matching (WAIM) material for a phased array of patch elements.


This work presents a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band monostatic radar system operating from 144.6 to 161 GHz, which is placed inside a 3-D-printed low-cost case with a built-in lens to boost the antenna (ANT) directivity. The monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) is manufactured in a 130-nm BiCMOS process and includes a compact transceiver architecture consisting of an oscillator, a diode-based mixer, and an on-chip antenna. The implemented topology allows to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio and features a built-in self-test (BIST) structure with the possibility to provide on-chip antenna characterization using power sensors in combination with a directional coupler. Housed inside the robust printed package, the MMIC has only dc and baseband frequency connections, which offers ease of handling and poses the low-cost potential for a variety of applications. The complete transceiver chip consumes only 84.7 mA from a 3.3-V supply and its size is 1964 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}\,\,\times1448\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Together with the package the sensor measures a size of 42.2 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times42.2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times45.7$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm.


The Liaohe River Basin is one of the seven largest river basins in China;along with the socio-economic development,water environmental problems have become increasingly prominent.Recovering and protecting the aquatic ecosystem has been considered as an important research for the development of northeastern region,most important of which is eco-water requirement.In view of the present main environmental problems in the Liaohe River Basin,based on the water resources districts,the types of eco-water requirement for river basins are identified.This paper raises that the eco-water requirement for river channels in dry seasons,sediment transmission water requirement in flood seasons,sea-entry water requirement,water requirement for groundwater recruitment and eco-water requirement for estuary wetlands are important components of the eco-water requirement for this watershed at present.Aimed at the characteristic of Liaohe River Basin as a seasonal river,the minimum flow method is developed to calculate the eco-water requirement for river channels in dry seasons.The eco-water requirement for each water resource district is calculated respectively,and the eco-water requirement of the whole river basin is calculated by adding up the above water requirements,with a deduction of the overlap between the trunk stream and the tributaries.As a result,the total water requirement of Lioahe River Basin is 130.44 10~(8)m~(3)or about 48.3% of the natural flow,of which the water resource districts of the Huntai and Dongliao rivers take up more than 60% of the natural flow,the Liaohe trunk stream about 53.5% and the others less than 50%.This paper can provide a scientific reference for water resources allocation and environmental protection of the river basin.


The article presents the results of the research conducted on the sod-podzolic medium loamy soil of the Vologda Region. It reveals the effect of various doses of fertilizers on yields of major products and by-products, as well as on the feeding value of the crops in crop rotation. Fertilizer calculation systems increased yields of oat and Vicia mixture by 4.58–5.83 t/ha, winter rye by 1.02–1.50 t/ha, potatoes by 7.02–8.98 t/ha, and barley by 0.55–0.77 t/ha; crude protein collection increased by a factor of 1.6–1.8.


(The major obstacle to teaching Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a variety of PLCs and the rapid pace of technological development with new models and innovations. Moreover, costs incurred in the setting up of comprehensive and modern PLC laboratory facilities, and in the required period, updating of teaching material and equipment are, as are such, very high. After investigating the conception and features of PLC and embedded system, the development of the embedded PLC for teaching students is proposed in this paper with the seamless combination of the LabVIEW software and the AVR Microcontroller with the VB modules. The flexibility of the proposed PLC makes it relatively easy and less costly to teach the basic principle of different kinds of PLCs due to their variety and rapid change. The implementation of the embedded PLC is discussed and evaluated. The results of evaluation shows that embedded PLC can be taught satisfyingly and this Embedded PLC can be used for small scale industry for dedicated application. In this paper we are going to built bottle filling plant as an application.


Deforming bubbles under water are important phenomena that we always encounter in our daily lives. In this paper, we present a real-time bubble simulation framework based on shallow water simulation(SWS), spherical vortex and boundary element method(BEM). We first solve the shallow water equations to simulate the water volume and the free surface. We then adopt the flow field of spherical vortices to affect the bubbles' motion and interaction. BEM is later used to simulate the bubbles' deformation when they rise in water. In addition, we propose a method to simulate the splitting and merging of bubbles, as well as illustrating how to handle deformable objects of different scales in BEM.We finally report extensive results generated on a standard PC to demonstrate the algorithm's realism and performance.


Bifidobacterium breve 203 grew well on soymilk, reaching a cell number of 2 × 109 cells/ml on 24 hr cultivation, at which time the medium had solidified and its pH had decreased to 4.0. Stachyose and raffinose in the medium were assimilated in preference to sucrose. A crude extract of B. breve 203 hydrolyzed the oligosaccharides in soymilk almost completely into their constituent monosaccharides. The α-d-galactosidase responsible for the first reaction in the degradation of the α-d-galactosyl oligosaccharides was isolated from a crude extract of the organism (500-fold purification, 2% yield) by means of ammonium sulfate-fractionation and column chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose, DEAE-cellulofine, Sepharose 6B, hydroxylapatite, Sephacryl S-300 and Phenyl-Sepharose 6B. The enzyme was a homo-octamer with a molecular weight of about 330,000, Λ and its isoelectric point was 3.7. It reacted optimally at pH 5.5 and hydrolyzed stachyose (Km 8.6 mm), raffinose (Km 4.4 mm) and melibiose (Km 3.0 mm), with 50 ~ 60% ...


The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously impacted the management and trajectory of same-sex relationships. This study considered the mediational role of same-sex partners' conflict avoidance and the moderating roles of individual and contextual vulnerability factors in the face of the pandemic. Results showed that greater adverse daily life impacts and higher perceived threat of COVID-19 predicted more complaint avoidance, which in turn predicted lower relationship satisfaction and higher anxiety, depression, and substance use. Being a person of color and having higher internalized homophobia exacerbated the pandemic's negative effects on relationship satisfaction. While moving in with partners during the pandemic was related to more complaint avoidance, lower relational satisfaction, higher relationship termination intentions, and greater mental health risks, it also buffered the negative effects of the pandemic on relational well-being. Same-sex couples are encouraged to constructively solve relational issues and actively discuss moving in decisions. More efforts should be devoted to understanding multiple pandemic-related stressors facing same-sex couples.


CITING STUDIES BY Professors Schubert, Ulmer and Spaeth, a lead, ing young neo-behavioralist suggests that "the great bulk of the Supreme Court's decision-making may be reducible to a small number of attitudinal variables."' The Court, it would appear, is a rather simple institution; law is largely a myth; and cases are decided mainly in terms of personal predilection. These may be sound conclusions, yet their derivation leaves room for doubt. After an elaborate quantitative analysis of Supreme Court decisions, Professor Ulmer concludes that the Court decides "civil liberty claims in terms of one dominant variable."2 Indeed "the attitude [bias?] of the judge toward civil liberty claims was the factor shaping the individual decisions."3 More particularly the attitude of Mr. Justice Frankfurter, for example, is found to be anti-libertarian.4 Yet Professor Grossman's study of the same judge concludes that his votes cannot be explained accurately by a single dominant variable, and that it is "reasonable" to believe Frankfurter is "a civil libertarian."5 Botk Ulmar and Grossman reach their contradictory conclusion via Guttman scale analysis. Similarly Professors Schubert and Ulmer, studying the 1960 and 1961 Terms of Court via scale analysis, reach differing conclusions as to the relative rank of the judges in their "attitudes" toward the alleged single dominant variable in civil liberty cases.8


THE purpose of this paper is to discuss several important aspects of the therapy of otitis media — namely, the use and abuse of antibiotics, the importance of myringotomy, the significance of serous otitis media and the problem of recurrences. Chemotherapy The advent of chemotherapeutic and antibiotic drugs during the past fifteen years has dramatically changed concepts of the treatment of many diseases caused by bacteria. However, the development of resistance by certain bacteria, the emergence of superinfection by secondary pathogens and the increasing occurrence of undesired side effects have indicated that these drugs are not an unmixed blessing. Failures . . .


The European GNSS – Galileo can be considered as fully serviceable with 24 active satellites in space since late 2018. Galileo satellites have a different revolution period than that of GPS and GLONASS, and moreover, two additional Galileo satellites are orbiting in an eccentric orbit which helps to decorrelate some global geodetic parameters.

This contribution shows the results from Galileo-only, GPS-only, GLONASS-only, and the combined multi-GNSS solutions with a focus on Earth rotation parameters and geocenter coordinates based on the 3-year solution. We discuss the system-specific issues in individual GNSS-derived series and resonances between satellite revolution periods and Earth rotation. We found that the Galileo-based and GLONASS-based parameters are inherently influenced by the spurious signals at the frequencies which arise from the combination of the satellite revolution period and the Earth’s rotation, e.g. 3.4 days for Galileo and 3.9 days for GLONASS. On the other hand, we observe a systematic drift of GPS-based UT1-UTC values with a magnitude of 8.1 ms/year which is due to the revolution period of the GPS satellites which is equal to half of the sidereal day and causes a deep resonance. For Galileo, the UT1-UTC drift is sixteen times smaller than that of GPS and equals just 0.5 ms/year. GLONASS-derived pole coordinates and geocenter coordinates show large spurious offsets with respect GPS and Galileo solutions, as well as with respect to the IERS-C04-14 series and Satellite Laser Ranging data. GLONASS-specific problems can be partially reduced by applying a box-wing orbit model and by reducing the number of estimated empirical orbit parameters. The quality of Galileo-derived geocenter coordinates is comparable to the GPS-based results. The Galileo-derived polar motion is affected by systematic errors in receiver and satellite antenna offsets. The best results of geocenter coordinates and Earth rotation parameters can be obtained from the combined GPS+Galileo+GLONASS solutions, however, some system-specific issues still remain in the combination.


Integration of electric conductors into the wall of a spoolable fatigue resistant thermoplastic composite tube for electric drilling applications within the field of oil & gas causes axial stresses. No fatigue resistant electric conductor solution was available to withstand the excessive axial elongation and compression induced by spooling operations. Based on theoretical models and experimental verifications a new type of highly elastic electric conductor was developed and capable of 5 kV rated voltage and 20 A continuous current. The shielded conductor consists of a highly elastic polymeric core, metallic helically wound conductors, an elastic insulation, a metallic helically wound electrical shield, and an outer sheath for mechanical protection. The main concept is based on synchronous radial contraction of all multilayer elements when subjected to axial elongation and bending. The performance of the conductor was verified by tensile tests, alternating bending tests on the whole system, integrity control of electric conductors with resistance measurements. In comparison to a conventional solid conductor a very high degree of axial flexibility and high tensile capability of the new concept could be achieved. For the new element containing an elastomeric core a maximum elastic tensile strain of over 40% was obtained. In comparison, the elastic range of conventional annealed copper used in the electric industry was measured independently and reached to about 0.1%. The hyperelastic elements may function as components for energy transmission and also sensors as well as actuators in intelligent composite material systems. Due to its unique axial elasticity, the complete structure can be exposed to high mechanical stress without damaging the embedded electric system. The new concept is not limited to high voltage conductors; it can be implemented into various other electric and electronic applications where a broad range of new applications are made possible.


Requirements Engineering (RE) is concerned with the gathering, analyzing, specifying and validating of user requirements that are documented mostly in natural language. The artifact produced by the RE process is the software requirements specification (SRS) document. The success of a software project largely depends on the quality of SRS documentation, which serves as an input to the design, coding and testing phases. This paper approaches the problem of the automatic quality assessment of textual requirements from an innovative point of view, namely the use of the Natural Language Processing (NLP) text classification technique. The paper proposes a quality model for the requirements text and a text classification system to automate the quality assessment process. A large study evaluating the discriminatory power of the quality characteristics and the feasibility of a tool for the automatic detection of ambiguities in requirements documentation is presented. The study also provides a benchmark for such an evaluation and an upper bound on what we can expect automatic requirements quality assessment tools to achieve. The reported research is part of a larger project on the applicability of NLP techniques to assess the quality of artifacts produced in RE.


Round bales are a common method of handling and storage forages, yet many producers fail to use appropriate storage. The objectives of this work were to develop a decision framework and spreadsheet implementation of the framework useful for analysis of the many round bale storage options: outside storage, in-barn storage, group covering, individual stretch wrapping of bales, and manual bagging of bales. Costs due to added machinery, added labor, a structure, site preparation and maintenance, and bale covering were assessed and compared with the benefits from not storing hay outside. Generally, some protection from weather is profitable, but determination of the most profitable alternative requires an individualized analysis. A breakeven analysis showed that there are few situations where the net gain from building an open-sided barn is les than zero; however, in-barn storage may not always be the best option


Laser consolidation is an effective way for aircraft part manufacturing and repair. The traditional open-loop laser process relies heavily on an operator's expertise in order to establish a production process. This paper presents a closed-loop control method based on dual vision feedback of deposition height. A side CCD camera is installed to detect both the substrate height in front of the meltpool and the clad height behind the meltpool in real-time. The former is fed positively (feed forward) while the latter is fed negatively (feedback) into the process controller. Based on the dual height feedback, the laser scan velocity is adjusted in real time to keep the clad height within the desired range. In this paper, a dual thresholding algorithm is proposed to determine the direction of scan velocity within one acquired meltpool image. The experiments show that the closed-loop controller can automatically compensate for the influences of process disturbances. When process parameters drift out of process window, the dual feedback controller demonstrates the ability to compensate for these changes effectively.Laser consolidation is an effective way for aircraft part manufacturing and repair. The traditional open-loop laser process relies heavily on an operator's expertise in order to establish a production process. This paper presents a closed-loop control method based on dual vision feedback of deposition height. A side CCD camera is installed to detect both the substrate height in front of the meltpool and the clad height behind the meltpool in real-time. The former is fed positively (feed forward) while the latter is fed negatively (feedback) into the process controller. Based on the dual height feedback, the laser scan velocity is adjusted in real time to keep the clad height within the desired range. In this paper, a dual thresholding algorithm is proposed to determine the direction of scan velocity within one acquired meltpool image. The experiments show that the closed-loop controller can automatically compensate for the influences of process disturbances. When process parameters drift out of process wi...


The invention discloses a method for breeding a high-quality cordyceps sinensis strain, which is mainly used for solving the general problem of lack of high-quality strains existing in the deep fermentation production process of cordyceps sinensis during current mass production of cordyceps sinensis hypha. The strain breeding method comprises the following steps: harvesting fresh cordyceps sinensis from a cordyceps sinensis producing area; performing tissue separation on an optimally-prepared solid culture medium; alternatively culturing under 12-hour illumination and 12-hour darkness at the culturing temperature of 10-20 DEG C by simulating a natural environment; transferring twice by adopting different solid culture media, performing nutrient-rich stimulation, recording the shape and growing characteristics of cordyceps sinensis hypha in real time, and selecting high-quality cordyceps sinensis strains for use in industrial production. The method has the positive effects of high performance, high activity, high ferment yield and good quality, and the requirement of industrial production can be well met.


In order to understand and quantify the environmental impacts caused by the eruption of the El Hierro Island submarine volcano, a regular multidisciplinary monitoring was carried out. In this context, we performed the systematic processing of MODIS and MERIS imagery. Thanks to the volcanic tracer, detailed studies could be undertaken using ocean color imagery allowing, for the first time, to monitor the process of filamentation and axisymmetrization. In our work, a novel 2-steps segmentation methodology has been developed. In this context, this natural tracer release has been detected using an advanced methodology based on an initial structure detection algorithm and a structure growing technique. This detection approach has been validated over a database of MERIS and MODIS oceanographic products and it has demonstrated an excellent performance and robustness.


Follow two or more different standard communication apparatus, a communication channel such as a shared work base node (1005,1008,1011) and a modem (1006,1009,1012). To avoid mutual interference, the base node using the first standard work (1005) specifies retention time of the contention free period. By not assigning a contention-free period of a device according to the first standard work base node (1005) to allow communication during a second retention time of the apparatus operating according to the standard. Alternatively, by modifying the data packets prior to transmission, using a first means to avoid interference from a standard transmission in accordance with a second standard generated. Standard prefix corresponding to a second preamble is added to the beginning of the data packet created in accordance with a first standard. According to a second standard working prefix observation means and identify the channel is active. The second standard transmission means retracting so as to minimize interference.


As a thermal separation method, distillation is using the different boiling points of the materials to be separated. When thermally sensitive materials have to be distilled, Thin Film and Short Path Distillation are the most gentle distillation methods, as both, the evaporation temperatures and the residence times, are drastically reduced.


The environments disturbed by human represent an opportunity for some species, especially for the introduced and invasive species, such is the case of ants. To know the number of species of ants at the University Center for Biological and Agricultural Sciences in Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico, it was collected directly between 2011 and 2020, the material is deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Center for Studies in Zoology of the University of Guadalajara. A list of the collected species was prepared. For the CUCBA area, 39 species, 22 genera and six subfamilies of ants were found. There are nine introduced species: Anoplolepis gracilipes, Cardiocondyla minutior, Paratrechina longicornis and Tapinoma melanocephalum from Asia; Cardiocondyla emeryi, Hypoponera punctatissima, Monomorium pharaonis and Tetramorium simillimum from Africa; Linepithema humile, from South America. In fragmented areas, also called ecotone or edge, is posible find a high


Much of the recent work in the DANCE collaboration has focused on nuclides of interest to stockpile stewardship, attribution science and the advanced fuel cycle initiative. As an example, we have recently begun a program to produce high precision measurements of the key production and destruction reactions of important nuclear fuel elements and radiochemical diagnostic isotopes. The neutron capture targets that have been fielded under this program include several isotopes of uranium, plutonium and americium. However, neutron capture measurements on many of the actinides are complicated by the presence of γ-rays arising from low energy neutron-induced fission. To overcome this difficulty we have designed and implemented a dual parallel-plate avalanche counter fission-tagging detector. This design provides a high efficiency for detecting fission fragments and is self-contained to allow loading of pre-assembled target/detector assemblies into the neutron beam line at DANCE. An outline of the recent experimental program will be presented as well as preliminary results from neutron capture measurements on 234,235,236 U. Planned measurements on 238,239 Pu will also be discussed.


This article presents the results of a study with teachers of physical education in the city of Rio de Janeiro, exploring from an online questionnaire the technological resources adopted by these teachers in their classes in elementary school. One of the objectives of this study was to investigate the use of digital media by teachers of physical education, especially video game, which constitutes a valuable pedagogical tool to be used in the educational process. We collected 160 questionnaires and the results indicated that 61.9% of the teachers used a stereo, 59% used datashow, 49.6% used computers, 40.3% television and DVD, 25.2% smartphones, 23.7% camera Of photography / filming and 13.7% overhead projector. We highlight that 5% used the video game, which reveals the presence of new digital technologies also in public schools.


Objective To study the exchange of interlocking intramedullary nail and external fixator for the treatment of tibiofibula fractures. Methods A total of 50 patients with department of tibiofibula fracture, divided into two groups aceording to the different fixation metnods, separately used in interlocking intramedullary nail(observation group) and unilateral external fixator(control group) treatment, compared two groups of curative effect. Results The two groups in the fine rate, rate of primary healing, healing time and complications in significant difference(P 0.05). Conclusion Pay tibiofibula fractures treated by interlocking intramedullary nail fixation effect is exact, fewer complications, worthy of promotion.


Studies have shown significantly increased thromboembolic events at high-altitude. We recently reported that transferrin could potentiate blood coagulation, but the underlying mechanism for high-altitude-related thromboembolism is still poorly understood. Here, we examined the activity and concentration of plasma coagulation factors and transferrin in plasma collected from long-term human residents and short-stay mice exposed to varying altitudes. We found that the activities of thrombin and FXIIa along with the concentrations of transferrin were significantly increased in the plasma of humans and mice at high altitudes. Furthermore, both hypoxia (6% O2) and low temperature (0 °C), two critical high-altitude factors, enhanced hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a levels to promote the expression of the transferrin gene, whose enhancer region contains HIF-1a binding site, and consequently to induce hypercoagulability by potentiating thrombin and FXIIa. Importantly, thromboembolic disorders and pathological insults in mouse models induced by both hypoxia and low temperature were ameliorated by transferrin interferences, including transferrin antibody treatment, transferrin down-regulation, and the administration of our designed peptides that inhibit the potentiation of transferrin on thrombin and FXIIa. Thus, low temperature and hypoxia up-regulated transferrin expression promoted hypercoagulability. Our data suggest that targeting the transferrin-coagulation pathway is a novel and may be a powerful strategy against thromboembolic events caused by harmful environmental factors under high-altitude conditions.


Ab initio quantum-chemical calculations of solvation energies of H3SO4+ cation and HSO4− anion by one or two molecules of sulfuric acid in the gas phase have been performed at the Hartree–Fock (HF) level using the 6-31++G** basis set. Additional contributions to the solvation energy of the acid arising from electrostatic interactions with the surrounding molecules in the liquid were estimated in the framework of the polarizable continuum models (PCM or IPCM models). Together with the experimental values for the energies of protonation and deprotonation of sulfuric acid in the gas phase the calculated solvation energies were then used to estimate the heats of self-dissociation of the liquid sulfuric acid and of proton solvation by the anhydrous acid. An almost quantitative agreement of the calculated heat of self-dissociation with the experimental value of +15 kJ mol−1 indicates a rather high accuracy of the calculations. A remarkable feature of the anhydrous sulfuric acid is a low value of solvation energy of protons that is about 85 kJ mol−1 smaller than in the aqueous solution. This result explains why anhydrous sulfuric acid, despite the low value of dissociation constant, behaves as a superacid.


It was July 1979 and we were in a small village in northern Mozambique, 1500 km from the capital. In the background I could hear viva's being shouted and drums being beaten but my excitement was of another kind, the cool excitement of an English-trained legal empiricist about to discover facts, in this case, not only facts, but virgin documentary facts. Because right in front of me on the table in the shade of a large cashew tree, lay a big book with heavy binding, and in that book lay the first judgments of one of the first Popular Tribunals to be created in the first revolutionary country in Southern Africa. I had already sat in on the lectures given at the Law Faculty to the young law students who were to constitute small brigades to start what was called the implantation of Popular Justice. I had heard from veterans of the armed struggle for national liberation how the basic principles of this system had evolved in the Liberated Zones even before Independence; how Popular Justice meant justice that was popular in form, in that its language was open and accessible; popular in its functioning, in that its proceedings were based essentially on active community participation; and popular in its substance, in that judges drawn directly from the people were to give judgment in interests of the people.


The Ah receptor is a transcription factor that modulates gene expression via interactions with multiple protein partners; these are reviewed, including the novel NC-XRE pathway involving KLF6.


Einstein's theory of general relativity was proposed over 100 years ago and has successfully passed a large number of observational tests in the weak field regime. However, the strong field regime is largely unexplored, and there are many modified and alternative theories that have the same predictions as Einstein's gravity for weak fields and present deviations when gravity becomes strong. relxill_nk is the first relativistic reflection model for probing the spacetime metric in the vicinity of astrophysical black holes and testing Einstein's gravity in the strong field regime. Here, we present our current constraints on possible deviations from Einstein's gravity obtained from the black holes in 1H0707–495, Ark 564, GX 339–4, and GS 1354–645.


Fluorescence excitation of jet-cooled benzo(a)pyrene reveals a well-defined narrow band structure near the origin of S/sub 1/ reversed arrow S/sub 0/, which is determined to be at 25,265 +/- 20 cm/sup -1/. At higher excitation energies, the spectrum becomes congested and irregular, due to interactions between the S/sub 1/ and S/sub 2/ states. Decay times of S/sub 1/ transitions are about 270 ns, close to the value derived from the integrated absorption coefficient. Excitation into bands nominally belonging to the second singlet leads to abnormally long lifetimes (approx.150 ns) compared to the ones expected based on the absorption spectrum. This result is interpreted as being due also to the strong coupling between S/sub 1/ and S/sub 2/.


In Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN), an authentication technique can be compromised due to the distributed network architecture, the broadcast nature of the wireless medium and dynamic network topology. Several vulnerabilities exist in different protocols for WMNs. Hence, in this paper, we propose trust based authentication and key establishment for secure routing in WMN. Initially, a trust model is designed based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to exchange the trust information among the nodes. The routing table is utilized to select the destination nodes, for which the link information is updated and the route verification is performed. Based on the trust model, mutual authentication is applied. When a node moves from one operator to another for accessing the router, inter-authentication will be performed. When a node moves within the operator for accessing the router, then intraauthentication will be performed. During authentication, keys are established using identity based cryptography technique. By simulation results, we show that the proposed technique enhances the packet delivery ratio and resilience with reduced drop and overhead.


Abstract In this paper we study the stability properties of a class of lossless propagation systems. Roughly speaking, a lossless propagation model is defined by a system of semi-explicit delay differential algebraic equations, that is a system of differential equations coupled with a system of (continuous-time) difference equations. We show that the stability analysis in the commensurate delay case can be performed by computing the generalized eigenvalues of certain matrix pencils, which can be executed efficiently and with high precision. The results extend previously known work on retarded, and neutral systems, and demonstrate that similar stability tests can be derived for such systems.


THE demand for early pregnancy diagnosis by means of biological assay of urinary chorionic gonadotropin continues to increase. The most firmly established test is undoubtedly the Hogben test using the female of Xenopus laevis. This toad is difficult to obtain in large numbers and costly to import from abroad. It also has the reputation of being difficult to breed. This reputation is in fact quite undeserved. By the application of a few lessons gained from a study of their natural history, prolific reproduction is readily accomplished. Although large Hogben Units may be costly to install, a colony suitable for the usual requirements of a general hospital laboratory can easily be maintained, using inexpensive massproduced aquarium equipment. Anyone contemplating setting-up a Hogben Unit cannot do better than consult the admirable and comprehensive account of B. M. Hobson (1952). The crux of the matter is to contrive a constant temperature and at the same time water running at a sufficiently modest rate to occasion a complete change of water in each tank in every 24 hours. The main problem, therefore, is the acquisition of toads. The following is an account of the rearing of some 600 toads from eggs last season on a roof in the centre of Portsmouth. These were the offspring, at a single spawning, of two pairs of toads. The "infant mortality" was practically nil.


Introduction: Studies have demonstrated both clinical and radiological success of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA), with follow-up approaching 10-years. To date, most RTSA studies involve cemented fixation of the humeral components, and most involving uncemented RTSAs have used implants not necessarily designed for bony ingrowth. Cementless fixation utilizing proximally porous-coated (PPC) femoral implants has shown long term survivorship approaching 99% at greater than 10-years follow-up in total hip arthroplasty. Currently, the number of commercially available PPC RTSA implants is steadily growing, but there has been no published study examining clinical and radiographic outcomes in PPC, press-fit humeral stems. We hypothesized that the clinical and radiographic results of uncemented RTSA utilizing a PPC humeral stem would be similar to cemented RTSA stems when followed for at least 2-years. Methods: A prospective, IRB approved RTSA outcomes registry with 261 patients that underwent RTSA by one fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeon between 2005 and 2008 was reviewed. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of cuff tear arthropathy or severe rotator cuff deficiency refractory to all other treatments, and minimum 2-year clinical and radiographic follow-up. Exclusion criteria were proximal humeral fractures, glenohumeral instability, rheumatoid arthritis, incomplete follow-up, and revision arthroplasty. Outcome measures included active forward elevation (aFE), active external rotation (aER), active internal rotation (aIR), Constant-Murley score (CS), Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), visual analogue scale (VAS) pain, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score. Radiographs at 2 weeks, 3 months, 1 year, 2 years and yearly thereafter were evaluated for humeral component position, osteolysis, humeral component radiolucent lines (RLLs), stress shielding, and scapular notching. Statistical analysis was conducted by an independent institutional statistician. Results: The cemented (n = 37) and uncemented (n = 64) cohorts demonstrated comparable age and gender. Average follow-up was 32.4 months in the uncemented group (range 23–52) and 37.0 months in the cemented group (range 23–70). Both cohorts demonstrated significant improvements from preoperative to most recent follow-up in CS, ASES score, SSV, VAS pain, aFE, and aIR ( P P P = 0.14). There was no significant difference when comparing the degree of improvement in any of these values between the cemented and uncemented cohorts ( P > 0.05). Radiographically, there was no evidence of humeral component loosening, osteolysis, or component failure observed in either cohort at any time point. There was no significant difference ( P = 1.0) in the incidence of humeral component RLLs between the cemented (n = 1) and uncemented (n = 2) cohorts. Stress shielding was observed in 5 uncemented shoulders and 0 cemented shoulders, however this was not significantly different ( P = 0.15). There was no significant difference ( P = 0.30) in the incidence of scapular notching between the cemented (n = 8) and uncemented (n = 10) cohorts. Conclusion: Cementless fixation of a porous-coated RTSA humeral stem provides equivalent clinical and radiographic outcomes compared to cemented stems at minimum 2-year follow-up. With advantages such as decreased operative time, no risk of cement-related complications, and ease of revision, cementless fixation may provide several benefits over cemented fixation. Longer-term studies are needed comparing outcomes of cemented versus cementless RTSA.


The Levy motions (LMs) are random processes with stationary increments having a long-tailed stable probability distribution with divergent variance. As such, LMs are a natural generalization of the Brownian motion ensuing from the generalized central limit theorem. Despite their broad field of applications, LMs are far from being completely understood. Here, we consider ordinary LMs, that is Markovian processes with independent increments, subjected to an external non-linear potential force. The behavior is different for the steep superharmonic potential wells with the index c < 2 and for the gently sloping subharmonic ones, c < 2. For the superharmonic one-well potentials we found that the stationary probability density function (PDF) features a distinct bimodal shape and decays with the power-law tails which are steep enough to give rise to a finite variance, in contrast to a "free" LM. During the relaxation to stationarity the PDF exhibits unimodal-bimodal time bifurcations. In anharmonic one-well potentials we observe unimodal-bimodal bifurcations of the stationary PDF. For subharmonic one-well potentials the stationary solution does not exist if the Levy index is smaller than the index of the well.

For the two-well potentials we found that the mean escape time is inversely proportional to the intensity of the Levy motion, in sharp contrast with the known exponential behavior for the Brownian motion. Furthermore, we consider the phenomenon of generating directed current by the LM in periodic asymmetric potential and demonstrate how direction and magnitude of the current can be manipulated by changing the asymmetry of the LM and the potential asymmetry. These properties of the LMs are discussed on the basis of analytical and numerical solutions of the corresponding stochastic nonlinear differential equations as well as the kinetic equations with partial derivatives of fractional order.


Study design, materials and methods for many years colposuspension (Burch) was considered the gold standard procedure for treating urinary stress incontinence (USI). In the last dacade the burch colposuspension was replaced by the minimal invasive vaginal route using the tension free vaginal tape and transobturator vaginal tape. There is still much uncertainty regarding the best procedure for USI.


Recently, mobile communication technologies have been developed rapidly. The IEEE 802.16e wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) standard is an emerging technology to support roaming mobility of mobile stations (MSs) in outdoor environment. For MSs powered by batteries, the standard supports power saving mode to conserve battery power meanwhile fulfilling the requirements of quality of services. Regarding to different service types, standard defines three different power saving types for them and each type has its own power saving parameters. In this paper, Broadband wireless access systems usually provide flexible sleep-mode operations for mobile stations to conserve their energy during idle or active mode. For Mobile WiMAX, the IEEE 802.16e, offers several power-saving classes that can be associated with different types of network connections to minimize power consumption of mobile stations.


THIS short paper is a study of the illness of the Emperor Frederick from the pathological standpoint in the light of our present knowledge. It is from that aspect that I have endeavoured to examine the available evidence. I have no intention either to criticize or to defend the management of the case by those in charge of the patient.


Issues of national sovereignty and membership in the body politic are central to many current political and legal debates surrounding 'New Britain' and Europe. Traditional understandings of citizenship and belonging are grounded in the ideal of a territorially limited and defined nation state. In this article, I explore a series of judicial and political decisions surrounding the fate of Roma or Gypsies, both as claimants to refugee status in Britain, or as subjects of domestic legal controls. I argue that these decisions construct this nomadic Other as a fundamental danger and challenge to the coherence of the legally protected body politic of the nation state 'Britain'. I argue that the deconstructive excess found in the construction of the Roma as dangerous nomads, without allegiance to a fixed and geographically delimited nation state, might contain the kernel for a possible re-imagining of the basis of our understandings of citizenship and belonging.


Drought stress affects not only crop growth but its morpho-physiological and biochemical traits as well to reduce crop productivity. The study reported in this article was designed and implemented to determine the effects of deficit irrigation and bacterial inoculation on flax plants. For this purpose, seeds were inoculated with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B1 ), Bacillus sp. Strain1 (B2 ), and Azotobacter chroococcum (A) as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The individual inoculated plants were then grown under field conditions in 2015, while individually and in combination in pots in 2016. The irrigation regimes in either experiments included 50%, 75%, and 100% crop water requirement. Bacterial cultures were observed to produce ammonia (except B2 ), indole acetic acid, and siderophores. Results showed that the PGPRs employed significantly mitigated the effects of water deficit. Compared with the control plants, the bacterially inoculated plants exhibited enhancements in their relative water content, plant height, water-soluble carbohydrate and proline contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities, but decreased malondialdehyde content. B1 exhibited greater effects on most of the traits investigated under the field conditions rather than those with moderate and severe drought stress; this is while application of the triple bacteria in the pot had greater effects on relative water content, carbohydrate and proline contents, as well as malondialdehyde. The significant differences in abiotic stress indicators in PGPR-treated plants suggest that these bacteria could be used as biofertilizers to assist plant growth and to reduce the adverse effects of deficit irrigation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The study of ghosts and spirits, and the ethnographic evidence associated with this, is a fertile area for developing methodologies. By employing theories of materiality and the anthropological study of ontologies, I argue that looking at the traces of spirits and ghosts in the material domain can reveal crucial insights into their nature, position and relationships with the living. Two ethnographic case studies from the Buddhist ethnic Lao are used to demonstrate how material traces can explain the 'ontic shifting' of certain ghosts. I will then explore how through the modernization and rationalization of Buddhist cosmology there have evolved competing ideas of the nature of ancestral spirits addressed in Buddhist rites. While in an older interpretation these spirits are accessible through objects and the exchanges between layperson, monk and spirit, 'modernist' Buddhist monks advocate that the dead cannot be reached through objects. Finally, I argue that the material traces of spirits and their different readings hint to important transformations regarding the conceptualization of ghosts and spirits through the socialist revolution and the rationalization of Buddhism.


There are four key concepts often misunderstood in the CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) definition of the 92000 comprehensive ophthalmologic services (i.e.: 92004 and 92014). A doctor must understand these concepts to properly use these codes. These key concepts are: documenting general medical observation, necessity of a dilated fundus exam, initiation of diagnostic and treatment programs, and what and when to bill.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to ascertain the effect of the reputation of ski resorts on multidimensional trust, customer satisfaction and spread by word-of-mouth. To attain this goal, 400 adult male and female subjects using 3 Ski Resorts located in Gangwon-do in Korea in 2013 were selected. For this, convenient sampling was used. The data was processed with the 382 final available samples excluding the 18 inappropriate questionnaires through frequency-, exploratory factor-, reliability-, correlation-, and simple/multiple regression- analyses by using the PASW 18.0. The result is as follows. First, the reputation of the ski resorts was found to have a positive effect regarding the trust of the resorts and their employees. Second, trust in ski resorts and their employees was found to have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Third, trust in ski resorts and their employees was found to have a positive effect on the spread of word-of-mouth about the resorts. Fourth, customer satisfaction was found to have a positive effect on the diffusion by word-of-mouth.


Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder that leads to various long-term complications. However, we are describing an association between this patient's condition and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). A 55-year-old male patient presented to our clinic with PBC, demonstrating the importance of how PBC can be clinically asymptomatic and the importance of the criteria given to diagnose the disease. We encourage physicians to periodically check all ADPKD patients to guard against asymptomatic problems that might endanger their health in the future.


Introduction ................................................1 Senate Enrolled Act 001 ............................2 SEA 1 and Teacher Evaluation...................3 Teacher Evaluation A Review of the Literature.................................................4 Inputs Teacher Activities and Instructional Processes ...........................6 Outputs Student Growth and Instructional Outcomes, Student Achievement Data...................................7 Policy Perspectives Mindy Schlegel .......................................9 Gerald W. Mohr & Dr. Todd Bess .........10 Sally Sloan ............................................ 11 Teacher Evaluation Models ......................12 The Indiana Model: RISE Evaluation and Development System (RISE) .........12 Peer Assistance and Review (PAR) Model ....................................................14 TAP: The System for Teacher and Student Advancement ...........................15 Evanston/Skokie School District 65 Professional Appraisal System (PAS)...16 Metropolitan School District of Wabash County Teacher Performance Evaluation System (PET)......................18 Local Implementation of a New Teacher Evaluation System under SEA 1...........18 Possible Unintended Consequences of Implementation .....................................19 Conclusions and Recommendations.........19 Authors and Acknowledgements .............22 References ................................................22 Web Resources .........................................24  INTRODUCTION


Over recent years there has been a steady accumulation of information about post-conviction uses of the polygraph, particularly in work with sex offenders. The polygraph has been employed to investigate the range of sexual interests and behaviors that offenders can demonstrate (Heil, Ahlmeyer & Simons, 2003; O'Connell, 1998; Simons, Wurtele & Durham, 2008; Wilcox, Sosnowski, Warberg & Beech, 2005). These studies have confirmed significant levels of crossover sexual offending. In the past it was popularly held that men who are known to sexually abuse in one area were unlikely to 'cross over' and show concomitant deviant sexual interests and involvements in other areas e.g. there was a belief that individuals who sexually abuse adults would not sexually abuse children, that those who abuse girls would not abuse boys, that those who offend within the family would not have deviant extra-familial interests and that those who commit non contact offences do not have any susceptibility to committing contact sexual crimes. However, these more recent studies have consistently rejected the notion that crossover is rare and have regularly evidenced disclosures of more wide ranging sexual offending interests and involvements than


'Katahdin' potatoes were planted on May 29, 1975, in Phelps gravelly silt loam soil at a spacing of 9 to 12 inches within the row using a 2-row McConnell potato planter. Individual plots were 2 rows wide 32 ft in length. Row spacing was 34 inches and plots were separated by 2 skip rows. Experimental design was randomized complete block with 4 replications. Fertilization consisted of 1250 lbs/A of 12-24-12 NPK, in 2, in-row bands at planting. Weed control was by Lorox at 2.0 lb a.i./acre post-planting, pre-emergence. Manzate 200 was used at 1.6 lb a.i./acre at weekly intervals season-long for control of late blight. Granular systemic chemicals were applied immediately prior to planting in the seed furrow, using a Planet Jr cone seeder; a tractor-mounted, electrically-driven Gandy applicator was used for side-dress treatments. Foliar sprays were applied by tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 250 psi and 100 gal/A. Plots were not irrigated; rainfall (inches) during growing period was: June (4.0), July (3.1), August (4.5).


This research explores conflicts over control of shared resources in multiple person households from an individual's perspective. This paper outlines one of the methods used in this ongoing research: cultural probes. The approach showed success in the use of probes to promote thinking about subtle processes and highlighting issues for discussion. Further work will involve using these case studies to inform designers of future homes.


This paper presents a pilot protection algorithm for alternating (ac) and direct current (dc) transmission lines, the last in the line commutated converter and voltage source converter topologies. The main contribution of this research lies, in this context, in the development of a protection method for lines of different natures. This method relies on the dynamic time warping (DTW) technique. The solution is attractive as it does not require any line or system parameters and works only with current samples. For ac lines, the algorithm uses DTW to evaluate the line terminals phase currents' and the zero-sequence components' similarities and detect faults. In turn, for dc lines, the method employs DTW technique to evaluate the similarities of cross-currents between poles and terminals and identify internal dc faults. The authors tested the algorithm for each line topology through several fault simulations, also considering the challenging conditions of high impedance internal faults, sampled noises, misalignment between samples, current transformer saturation, power swing, and internal fault with outfeed. This solution was also tested against field-recorded data in existing lines, and the resulting trip times were compared with the ones of the actual protection devices. All results indicate that this solution yields a rapid, effective, secure, and dependable protection.


A Diversity of Roles : A Case Study of the Actions Taken by Religious Communities in Sweden During the Autumn of 2015


The objectives of this study are two folds: first, to develop a composite water security metric to assess water security at a national scale, and second, to explore the determinants of water security at the same scale in three developing regions—Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The water security index (WSI) was developed using three biophysical (water availability, climate risk and ecosystem vitality) and two socioeconomic (water accessibility and integrated water resources management) variables. Five independent variables (governance, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, percentage of urban population, official development assistance for water and sanitation services (ODA-WSS) and female primary school completion rate) were used to explore the determinants of water security. Results show that >90% of countries in Africa and the Asia-Pacific regions are water-insecure, whereas most countries in LAC are water-secure except Haiti, Guatemala and Nicaragua. Statistical analyses show that GDP per capita, female primary school completion rate and governance are the key determinants of water security. This study provides empirical evidence on the link between female primary school completion rate and water security. Results further show a strong correlation between water security and ODA-WSS in the region with a higher ODA-WSS per capita than in regions with a low ODA-WSS per capita. This suggests that increasing ODA-WSS per capita may enhance water security in developing regions.


Data mining techniques have been widely used in medical field for prediction and diagnosis of various diseases. These techniques are very popular and effective to design clinical decision support systems because these have the ability to find out hidden patterns and medical data relations. One of most important application of such systems is diagnoses of Heart Diseases. All over the world, heart disease is one of the common disease leading causes of deaths. Many Medical systems are developed to predict disease on the basis of risk factors such as age, high cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, family history, tobacco smoking, alcohol intake etc. Researchers have been helping to medical professionals to make Heart Disease prediction systems using data mining techniques. These data mining techniques are used to get accurate and better results. These techniques based systems have been helping medical professional to predict heart diseases, on the basis of risk factors, with good accuracy, high quality of service and without costly medical tests.


We describe an efficient semantic service discovery scheme called UbiSearch for a large-scale ubiquitous computing environment. We propose a semantic service discovery network on the semantic vector space where semantically adjacent services are mapped into nearby positions so that the similar services are registered in a cluster of resolvers. Using this mapping technique, the search space for a query is efficiently confined within a minimized cluster region while keeping a high accuracy. We also propose techniques to evenly distribute service indexes to the resolvers and reduce the number of resolvers to visit. Our simulation study shows that UbiSearch provides good semantic searchability comparable to centralized indexing system. At the same time, it supports scalable semantic queries with low communication overhead, balanced load distribution among resolvers for service registration and query processing, and personalized semantic matching.


Celiac disease is a consequence of gluten hypersensibility translated into subtotal or total villous atrophy. The classic clinic symptoms correspond to the chronic diarrhoea syndrome (steatorea), but there are also cases with nonspecific symptoms ("constitutional ones", mono-symptomatic celiac disease). The serologic tests have as their purpose the determination of antigliadina, antiendomysial and anti-transglutaminase antibodies. The final diagnosis is established by intestinal biopsy.


Nek kinases are involved in regulating several different elements of the centrosomal cycle, primary cilia function, and DNA damage responses. Unlike the other members of the Nek family, which are serine-threonine kinases, Nek10 preferentially targets tyrosines. Nek10 appears to have a broad role in DNA damage responses, regulating a MAPK-activated G2/M checkpoint following UV irradiation and influencing the p53-mediated activation induced by genotoxicity. In an attempt to identify additional Nek10 functions, we characterized the effect of Nek10 deletion in lung cancer cells, where it is relatively highly expressed. Nek10 absence led to an increase in both the signaling and adherens junctions pools of β-catenin. Mechanistically, Nek10 associates with the Axin complex where it phosphorylates β-catenin at Tyr30, located within the regulatory region governing β-catenin turnover. In the absence of Nek10 phosphorylation, GSK3-mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin, a prerequisite for its turnover, was significantly impaired. Stabilization of β-catenin driven by Nek10 loss diminished the ability of cells to form tumorspheres in suspension, grow in soft agar, and colonize mouse lung tissue following tail vein injections.


The resolution matched throughput of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is τ = π/2 D2Δv/vmax (1) where D is the (unvignetted) beam diameter at the beamsplitter (fairly close to the interferometer mirror diameter), Δv the resolution, and vmax the maximum frequency.


This study evaluated the variations in antioxidant activity, physical, chemical and antinutritional properties of two pigeon pea varieties (white and brown) as affected by processing methods (boiling, roasting and sprouting). The processing methods revealed significant (p<0.05) variations in the results of tested parameters. The unprocessed white pigeon pea variety had the highest gelatinization temperature (84 °C), trypsin inhibitor (9.04 Tiu/ng), polyphenols (137.05 mgGAE/100 g) and ABTS (141.10 μmTrolox/g), while the unprocessed brown variety retained higher concentrations of bulk density (0.71 g/g), phytate (2.55%), tannin (0.94 mg/100 g), FRAP (7.86 mmol/100 g) and total flavonoid (1.02 mgQE/100 g) contents, respectively. Boiled white pigeon pea variety had the highest moisture (11.60%), fat (5.19%), oil absorption capacity (2.97 mg/ml), DPPH (103.25%), and magnesium (80.65 mg/100 g), whereas roasted white pigeon pea variety showed significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations in water absorption capacity (2.25 g/ml), swelling index (3.51%), and wettability (59.70%). Roasted brown pigeon pea variety exhibited greater ash (5.04%), fiber (5.31%), protein (24.36%), and oil absorption capacity (2.97 mg/ml) than other treatments, respectively. On the other hand, the sprouted white pigeon pea variety had the highest carbohydrate (60.09%), calcium (124.00 mg/100 g) and iron (11.38 mg/100 g) content. From the variety and processing methods, the study shows that the white variety of pigeon pea was a good source of proximate, minerals and functional values, while the brown variety had the highest antinutrients and antioxidant activities. Hence, pigeon pea is a good source of nutrients and that differences in nutrient values are due to variety and processing treatments.


SummaryA double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out to assess the efficacy and tolerance of the diuretic combination 25 mg bemetizide plus 50 mg triamterene ('Hypertane') in 39 patients with essential hypertension. Treatment was given for 8 weeks with either the diuretic preparation or placebo, the initial dose of 2 tablets daily being reduced to 1 tablet daily if and when a sustained reduction in blood pressure occurred; this proved possible in 40% of the diuretic-treated group as compared with 17% of the placebo group. Standing blood pressure showed a highly significant reduction (mean 25/13 mmHg) by the end of 4-weeks' treatment with bemetizide/triamterene whereas there was very little change in placebo-treated patients. By the end of 8-weeks' treatment, standing systolic pressure levels were reduced in 75%, and diastolic levels in 70%, of the active-treated patients. Lying blood pressure showed similar trends with a highly significant reduction (mean 22/14 mmHg) during...


In this work we present an easy and efficient way to detect motion in an image sequence. This detection is useful to chose when is better to codify motion in order to reduce coding time and information to store. To decide whether there is motion or not, we must do a previous processing over each image to avoid confusion between illumination changes and motion. This processing tries to reduce the effect of illumination over the images and uses the illumination model of homomorphic filter. Last, in order to classify between motion or not we use the support vector machines (SVM) tool. This tool provides a fast and easy way to classify between several options.


JEADV 2006, 20, 735–767 © 2006 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 743 nisolone (16 mg a day) therapy, 8 days later, rapid progression of the disease was detected associated with painful skin, fever and candidiasis of the corners of mouth. After raising methylprednisolone (32 mg a day) together with administration of ethacrynic acid (50 mg a day), skin symptoms progressed to erythroderma. In parallel, symptoms and signs of tetany appeared, calcium levels decreased to 1.1 mmol/L (normal range: 2.15–2.55); phosphate levels increased to 2.8 mmol/L (normal range: 0.81–1.62). After adequate calcium and dihydrotachysterol administration, serum calcium and phosphate levels normalized, but clinical improvement was only detected after methotrexate (7.5 mg a week) and methylprednisolone (80 mg a day) were given (etretinate was discontinued). Although later the dose of methylprednisolone and methotrexate could be reduced to 12 mg every second day and 2.5 mg every twelfth day, respectively, withdrawal of methotrexate resulted in recurrence of the pustular skin condition even when serum calcium levels were normal or higher than normal. After 2 years of this medication, repeated examinations revealed symptomless nephrolithiasis associated with intermittent pyuria. After successful extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy, she became completely free of skin symptoms, and after 3 years of followup, both methotrexate and methylprednisolone could be stopped. In the last year of follow-up, she had only very mild skin symptoms in the body folds on dihydrotachysterol monotherapy. Our case confirms previous observations that impetigo herpetiformis can occur in patients with hypoparathyroidism when calcium is insufficiently substituted. Latent ionized hypocalcaemia may have been present already at the time of admission, but it might also have been drug induced. Although acitretine is known to induce hypercalcaemia, both ethacrynic acid and methylprednisolone increase urinary calcium excretion, and methylprednisolone also decreases intestinal calcium absorption when given in pharmacologic doses. In conclusion, laboratory examinations for both total and ionized serum calcium levels are recommended in all cases of pustular psoriasis. Hypocalcaemia might be, however, not the only provoking factor. Methotrexate was shown to be useful for additional treatment of impetigo herpetiformis.


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT Reflections Green roofs are a well known example of environmentally friendly building. Many scholars have explored the financial benefits of green roofs.This chapter begins with a thorough examination of the benefits and costs of green roofs. The lifecycle costs of green roofs from cradle to grave were evaluate, and quantitative estimations of individual and public benefits of green roofs were undertaken. Individual benefi ts, public benefits.


Leslie etal. (1) conclude in their study that the healing of diabetic foot ulcers was not accelerated by topical hyperbaric oxygen (THO). This conclusion is unreasonable. THO was applied to their patients by a THO leg chamber, in which the pressure cycled every 20 s between 0 and 30 mmHg (1.0 and 1.04 atm absolute pressure). Although this is certainly topical application of oxygen, it is barely hyperbaric. The THO leg chamber involves, in effect, the intermittent application of a 30mmHg tourniquet, a potentially hazardous procedure in patients with already compromised circulation. In addition, this method will only increase the oxygen tension of the wound surface and not that of the wound base because of the limited diffusion of oxygen through any fluid (diffusion coef = 2.1 x 10~ cm/s in water at 37°C calculated from the value at 18°C; 2). This study contrasts with another recently reported in Diabetes Care (3), in which hyperbaric oxygen was applied systemically and a highly significant benefit was demonstrated for gangrenous ulcers in diabetic patients. The major finding of Leslie et al. (1) was that "small and superficial ulcers tended to heal proportionally better than the more extensive ones." They showed that the effect of either increasing ulcer area or depth on the outcome of the ulcers was significant (P < .05). Although patients were randomly assigned to the THO and control groups, remarkably there was no apparent effort to establish that the two groups were comparable with respect to original ulcer size. From Table 5 in ref. 1, the THO patients appear to have had ulcers that were originally larger and deeper than those in the control patients. By our calculations, the difference in area was not significant because of the very large standard deviation, but the original ulcers were significantly deeper in the THO group (P < .025). It follows that, despite the random assignment of patients, the two groups were not comparable; therefore, the conclusion that THO did not affect outcome has not been established.


The invention relates to an electromagnetic induction heating device for heating a metal workpiece, which comprises a control cabinet, a capacitor, a transformer and a heating coil. A primary coil in the transformer is serially connected with the capacitor and a secondary coil in the transformer is serially connected with the heating oil. A main control board, a driver transformer, a driver board, a power supply and four groups of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) are arranged in the control cabinet. The capacitor and the primary coil of the transformer are connected with a full-bridge inverter circuit which is formed by the four groups of IGBTs. The power supply sequentially passes through a rectifier circuit and a filter circuit and then is connected with the full-bridge inverter circuit. The control end of the main control board sequentially passes through the driver transformer and the driver board and then is connected with the control electrodes of the IGBTs. A mutual inductor is arranged in the series circuit of the capacitor and the primary coil of the transformer. The output end of the mutual inductor is connected with the feedback signal detection end of the maincontrol board. By adopting the technical scheme, the heating device has the advantages that the circuit structure is simple, the fault rate is low, the stability and the heating efficiency are very high, the frequency of alternating current can be adjusted according to the needs, the adjustment is simple and convenient and the adjustment range is wide.


Pressure-gradient vector hydrophone measures particle velocity by sound pressure gradient,so the acoustic field error of computation are bound to affect the accuracy of bearing estimation performance.In this paper,three-dimension pressure-gradient vector hydrophone is analyzed theoretically,and the error formulation of azimuths and elevation with the sound field computing error is calculated.In exception,with the method of the sound intensity flow bearing estimation principles using sound pressure and particle vibration velocity,the bearing estimation error is analyzed by simulation,which is due to the inconsistency of responses of amplitude,phase and intervals among the six pressure hydrophones that constitute vector hydrophone.The simulation results is very important to design the three-dimension pressure-gradient vector hydrophone and practical engineering application.