In marbled sole, gynogenetic diploids which were pro duced by inhibition of the second polar body release by cold or heat shock of eggs fertilized with UV-irradiated spermatozoa gave rise to no males, while normal diploids produced by normal fertilization showed a 1:1 sex ratio.') A high proportion of functional males was induced in these gynogenetic diploids by 17-ƒ¿-methyltestosterone (MT) treatment.1) As these results suggest a male-heteroga metic (XX female -XY male) system for sex determina tion in this species, the males appearing in MT-treated gy nogens were considered to be sex-reversed genetic females (functional males or pseudo-males) with the XX genotype. Here, we examined the sex ratio in the progeny produced from several adult pairs between normal females and MT induced gynogenetic diploid males. Gynogenetic males generated in January, 1993,1) were reared in an outside tank (4000 1) in the Hiroshima Prefec tural Fisheries Experimental Station (HPFES) until January, 1995. We selected ten mature males (#1-10; body length, 17.8•}1.1(mean•}s.d.)cm, body weight, 139.9•}29.4 g) from these two-year-old gynogenetic males based on spermiation by squeezing the abdomen. Eggs were collected from five mature females from a wild popu lation (A-E; body length 25.6 •} 1.6 cm, body weight 488.8 •} 107.9 g). Eggs (about 40 g) were fertilized with milt from each male (Table 1). No natural males were used. Therefore, no control cross by normal pairs was per formed in this study. Incubation of fertilized eggs and rearing of fry were made in polycarbonate tanks (100 or 500 1) using filtered sea water. About 2000 fry from each cross were reared in a separate tank. Density was adjusted to 1000 fry/tank at 45th day after hatching (ah). Rearing water temperature was regulated to 13.6--15.4•Ž from 1 to 60 days ah. Then, ambient water was used until the end of experiments; 13.0--17.8•Ž from 61-120 days ah, 18.0--26.4•Ž from 121 to 240 days ah, 16.4 ~ 24.0•Ž from 241 to 300 days ah. Progeny were fed rotifer from 2 to 23 days ah, Artemia nauplii enriched with n3-HUFA from 12 to 77 days ah, copepodes collected from the sea from 27 to 140 days ah, and then frozen oyster, mysis and moisture pellets from 60 to 310 days ah. At the end of experiments (299 to 310 days ah), the sex of each progeny was determined not only by visually ob serving gonads but also by microscopically examining eggs or spermatozoa in squashed gonadal tissue preparations. No males were detected in any of the ten crosses, and almost all the progeny (98%) were female (Table 1). The remaining 2% had no gonads. These results indicate that the gynogenetic males were genetically XX and the resultant progeny are all female after crossing with normal XX females. Therefore. sex determination in marbled sole


Using engineering case teaching promotion to better study of integrating technology of information system,improves the quality of teaching,strengthens students ' professional ability,which is the question worth studying earnestly.Regarding this subject the article has discussed concrete practice of the engineering case teaching in teaching of integrating technology of information system,including careful choice of case and making innovation of teaching procedure.Finally the article analyzes the effects of using engineering case teaching.


In this paper we have estimate bounds of the number of level crossings of the random algebraic polynomials     n k k n k f x a t x 0 ( ,1) ( ) 0 where ak (t)  t,0  t 1, are dependent random variables assuming real values only and following the normal distribution with mean zero and joint density function M    M  a s (2 ) exp ( 1/ 2) ' 1/ 2 /   . There exists an integer n0 and a set E of measure at most A/(log n0log log log n0) such that, for each n>n0 and all not belonging to E, the equations (1.1) satisfying the condition (1.2), have at most (log log n) log n 2  roots where α and A are constants.


A thorough understanding of the corrosion thermodynamics and kinetics is first presented. Furthermore, the protective mechanisms of barrier, sacrificial, and inhibitive coatings are outlined. Sol –gel coatings and SNAP coatings are the focus of investigation in this review. In this article, recent developments in the processing stages and functional properties of the finally produced sol-gel-based hybrid coatings will be overviewed. Finally, some of the new and novel advancements in this area developed by different research groups will be discussed.


Apple cultivation is carried out in all regions of Turkey. The highest apple production is provided from the Mediterranean (38.2%) and Central Anatolia (37.9%) Regions. These two regions are followed by the Marmara Region with a production rate of 8.1% and the Aegean Region with a production rate of 8.0%. This study was conducted by surveying with producers in order to determine the general status of apple culture, which is important species in terms of producers in Usak province in Aegean Region. In this study, it was determined that 72% of the apple orchards were 1-15 years old. While the size of apple orchards was 11.5 decares, the rate of fewer orchards than 10 decares was found to be 67%. It was determined that the Starking Delicious, Amasya and Grany Smith cultivars were sharing about 64% of the orchards . While 83% of the apple producers stated that they irrigate the orchards, 60% of them is using drip irrigation system. Pruning was mentioned to be applied in the all orchards. While soil tillage was performed in the 94% of orchards, fertilization was applied in the 91% of orchards.


Self-education force is a comprehensive ability for normal university students to stimulate the individual motivation, promote self perfection and development, directly restricting the effectiveness of self-education.Through questionnaire survey on the current situation of normal university students' self-education force, existing problems are exposed and educational countermeasures are put forward.


Criminology as an academic discipline and a set of theories has focused most c onsistently on why some people offend, but has also addressed victimization risks and experiences, decision‐making by criminal legal system1 officials (e.g., police, judges, parole officers), how individuals experience incarceration, and some other crime‐related topics. The implications for all of these topics are profound, p articularly for translating the theories into policies. Moreover, theorizing about crime is addi tionally complicated by the overlap among these phenomena and how they vary across individuals' personal factors, such as their demographic characteristics. For example, how is offending addressed when routine activities are provided different official surveillance, such as racial‐profiling, and women of color are more likely than white women to be stopped and charged? What happens when an i ndividual's victim ization is processed as her/his offending, such as when a woman abused by her partner who calls the police is arrested instead of, or with, the abuser, because the abuser lies to the police and tells them that she abused him? And what about official criminal legal system decision‐makers who are consciously or unconsciously biased, believing women are more responsible than men when they harm their own c hildren? And is there any appeal when judges and other criminal legal system p ersonnel adhere to laws that enact institutionalized oppression that d isproportionately impacts poor women of color (e.g., a requirement for a parolee to live with non‐felons)? Feminist theory, as it has been applied to criminology, has attempted to address these and other intersections of oppression (e.g., gender, race, class, and sexuality) and of victim and offender (e.g., the criminalization of victims). Feminist Theory


Less is more: The efficacy of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) for cancer therapy is traditionally associated with cleavable linkers for payload release. Evidence now suggests that simpler constructs without cleavable moieties can afford more stable and effective ADCs.


Labetalol is an investigational α- and β- adrenoreceptor antagonist. The ratio of effective β:α-blockade is approximately 7:1. Labetalol, administered intravenously or orally, has been effective in treatment of hypertension, with minimal effects on cardiac output. Labetalol will offer advantages over propranolol due to its more potent antihypertensive effects and less potent effects on left ventricular function at both rest and exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. The drug will be utilized in patients unresponsive to other β-blocking agents and in patients with congestive heart failure and concomitant hypertension, angina, or arrhythmias when other β-blockers are contraindicated. The drug appears to be safe in obstructive airway diseases and offers advantages over other β-blockers in long-term treatment after myocardial infarction.


In this paper, we present three approaches for Natural Language Inference, Question Entailment Recognition and Question-Answering to improve domain-specific Information Retrieval. For addressing the NLI task, the UMLS Metathesaurus was used to find the synonyms of medical terms in given sentences, on which the InferSent model was trained to predict if the given sentence is an entailment, contradictory or neutral. We also introduce a new Extreme gradient boosting model built on PubMed embeddings to perform RQE. Further, a closed-domain Question Answering technique that uses Bi-directional LSTMs trained on the SquAD dataset to determine relevant ranks of answers for a given question is also discussed.


The mechanism parameters of PEQ400 x600 low crusher are designed.The three- dimensional entity model of low crusher is built by Solidworks 2006.Basic thought and method of building three-dimensional model are put forward and experiments are carried out.Prototype test shows that the crusher has the feature of reasonable design and manufacture and its productivity exceeds that of common crusher of this lot.


We study numerically the reconnection of quantized vortices and the concurrent acoustic emission by the analysis of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. Two quantized vortices reconnect following the pro...


One of the key challenges in the practical realization of industrial internet of things (IoT) is overcoming Faraday shielding of free space electromagnetic waves emanating from the antennas of wireless systems used for power and data transfer. Metallic structures, machinery, pipeline, etc., cause interference resulting in the loss of signal connectivity among sensor network. Currently available techniques based on ultrasonic-electromagnetic transducers pose severe limitations on frequency, efficiency, and alignment. Here we demonstrate exciting Zenneck type interface waves propagating as localized charge oscillations (modes) along the metal profile, which overcomes the restrictions on frequency, metal obstacles, partial enclosures, and alignment. A finite element methods (FEM) model developed to predict the signal reception and power transfer efficiency across metal infrastructure shows excellent agreement with the experimental results. Electrical power transfer using Zenneck, under open conditions, show 4% drop for distance of 1 to 8 meters (68 to 64%), and 9% drop under shielded conditions for the same range (66 to 57%). For data transmission results, we demonstrate a feasibility, for an input power of 0dBm with several metallic pipelines as obstacles show received power of −11.8 dBm and −19.01 dBm at 6 and 25 meters, respectively.


Following its initial description'" and eventual definitive immunochemical ~haracterization,4.~ C-reactive protein (CRP) has intrigued a number of investigators since it represents an acute reactive protein produced by the body in apparent response to a number of heterogeneous inflammatory conditions. Its presence has long been associated with significant rheumatic activity in the case of acute rheumatic fever,6 and elevations of CRP have in the past provided useful clinical data in evaluating rheumatic activity among a wide range of patients studied. Initial reports by Mortensen et indicated that CRP might bind to various lymphocyte subpopulations. Since plasma or serum CRP is known often to be elevated in acute rheumatic fever, we have been interested in whether in vivo lymphocyte or mononuclear cell binding might somehow be important in modulating important immunologic events or cellular interactions during this particular disease state. The material presented here will summarize previous studies of lymphocyte CRP binding in acute rheumatic fever as well as in association with other post-streptococcal disease sequellae and may eventually help to provide some insight into how such a normal acute reactant might modify or in various ways modulate important immunologic events during the course of human disease states.


Psychologists note that humans regularly use categories to simplify and speed up the process of person perception [1]. The influence of categorical thinking on interpersonal expectations is commonly referred to as a stereotype. The ability to bootstrap the process of learning about a newly encountered, unknown person is critical for robots interacting in complex and dynamic social situations. This article contributes a novel cluster-based algorithm that allows a robot to create generalized models of its interactive partner. These generalized models, or stereotypes, act as a source of information for predicting the human's behavior and preferences. We show, in simulation and using real robots, that these stereotyped models of the partner can be used to bootstrap the robot's learning about the partner in spite of significant error. The results of this work have potential implications for social robotics, autonomous agents, and possibly psychology.


Buoyancy forced flows above cooled surfaces or beneath heated surfaces, commonly encountered in engineering and geophysics, are often horizontal and have a pronounced boundary-layer structure. A combined analytical and numerical analysis of a prototypical flow of this kind induced by a step change in surface cooling is presented. The unsteady governing equations of the problem in the Boussinesq approximation admit solutions that are invariant to a stretching transformation. This property leads to a self-similarity model for the flow variables. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the similarity model solutions are explored and found to be in good agreement with data obtained from high-resolution numerical simulations.


This study provides an analysis of the uncertainty of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from an 8 MW natural gas burner. A precise and accurate point source for industrial quantities of carbon dioxide can be used to evaluate the performance of stack gas carbon dioxide measurement equipment. Uncertainties of individual measurement components were considered and their contribution to the overall carbon source uncertainty was evaluated to show where greatest improvements could be achieved. It was demonstrated that less than one percent carbon dioxide generation measurement uncertainty was possible using readily available components, facilitating the use of the fire laboratory as a test-bed for precision point source exhaust stack measurements.


According to the corrosions of materials in chlor-alkali industry,the status and charateristics of corrosion were discussed,including chlorine gas,caustic soda,brine,sodium hypochlorite,hydrochloric acid and stray current.The status and charateristics of corrosion of electrolyzer were analysed,and the anti -corrosion measures were put forward.


Introduction Pedicle screw pullout or loosening is increased in the osteoporotic spine. Recent studies showed a significant increase of pullout forces especially for PMMA-augmentation. With application of conventional viscosity PMMA the risk of cement extravasation is associated. This risk can be reduced by using radiofrequency-responsive, ultrahigh viscosity bone cement. Method 11 fresh-frozen lumbar vertebral bodies (VB) from 5 cadavers were collected and freed from soft-tissue and ligaments. By DEXA scan (Siemens QDR 2000) 8 VB were identified as severely osteoporotic (BMD 0.8 g/cm3), 3 VB were above this level. Two screws (6×45 mm, WSI-Expertise Inject, Peter Brehm, Weisendorf, Germany) were placed in the pedicles. Through the right screw 3ml of radiofrequency-responsive bone cement (StabiliT® ER2 Bone Cement, DFine, Germany) were injected via hydraulic cement delivery system (StabiliT® Vertebral Augmentation System, DFine, Germany). As control group, left pedicle screws remained uncemented. After potting the whole VB in technical PMMA (Technovit 4004, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) axial pullout test was performed by a material testing device (Zwick-Roell, Zmart-Pro, Ulm, Germany). Results The mean BMD of all specimen was 0.771 g/cm3 (min./max. 0.615/1.116, SD ± 0.170). Due to the definition of osteoporosis 8 specimens had a BMD lower than 0.8 g/cm3 (mean 0.677, min./max. 0.615/0,730, SD ±0.045). The non-osteoporotic group consisted of 3 specimens with a mean BMD of 1.020 g/cm3 (min/max 0.928/1.116, SD ±0.094). Overall we observed an increase in the mean axial pullout strength of 284% when using cement augmentated screws (non-cemented 385 N vs. cemented 1029 N, p 0,001). In the osteoporotic group the mean pullout force of the non-cemented screws was 407 N vs. 1022 N for the cemented screws (p 0.001). Similarly the pullout force rose in the non-osteoporotic group from 325 N for the non-cemented screws to 1048 N for the cemented screws p 0,001). All surgical procedures could be performed without technical problems. Conclusion This cadaver study demonstrates the efficacy and effectiveness of pedicle-screw augmentation with ultra-high viscosity cement. Pullout forces are significantly increased, especially in osteoporotic bone. No complications like clogged in cannulated pedicle-screws or extravasation of bone cement were observed. In daily clinical routine radiation exposure to operator during cement delivery is reduced due to remote-controlled, automated delivery of radiofrequency-responsive bone cement. Furthermore availability of longer time to work with the cement (up to 30 min) is achieved; hectically injection or multiple-cement-mixing is not necessary anymore. The WSI-Expertise cannulated pedicle screws can be inserted and also augmented in a minimal-invasive technique. The PMMA then is injected through an extension adapter. PMMA augmentation of pedicle screws is already well established in spine surgery. With the combination of radiofrequency-responsive, ultra-high viscosity bone cement and cannulated pedicle screws this established procedure could become more controlled and safer for both patient and physician.


The very fast isomerization of 2-methyl[2-13C]-pentane to 3-methyl[3-13C]pentane and the selective hydrogenolysis of methylcyclopentane to methylpentanes on iridium suggest the participation of metallocarbenes and metallocarbyne as reaction intermediates.


This paper describes the effects of combustion parameters on the characteristics of combustion products in swirling flow furnace. The concentration of combustion products and temperature distribution of flow field in the furnace have been investigated by numerical method. The fuel was injected into the furnace and the swirling device was constructed with three kinds of vane swirler at inlet port of furnace.
The results of this study showed that the effect of combustion parameters on the concentration charateris-tics of carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide of combustion products. It was found that the pollutant formation was dependent on the equivalence ratio and swirl intensity level.


In this work, removal of ammonia from synthetic wastewater using integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The main operating parameters such as ammonia concentration rate (ALR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were optimized to acquire the maximum removal efficiency. The linear, 2FI, quadratic, mean, and cubic models were utilized for modeling of the parameters. Residual nitrate and nitrite were determined as the byproducts. The results showed that the actual data fitted well with the predicted results. The maximum ammonia removal achieved using mean, linear, 2FI, quadratic, and cubic models were 59.88, 79.05, 79.32, 77.11, and 78.65%, respectively. Nitrate and nitrite were determined in ammonia concentrations of higher than 100 mg/l. The obtained results showed that RSM is a suitable technique for the optimization of conditions for the maximum removal of ammonia. KEYWORD S: Ammonia, Wastewater, Optimization, Biofilms, Optimization


A novel type of pyramidal absorber is presented. This absorber utilises a combination of impedance loading and an exponential stepped permittivity profile. The new design offers a significant improvement in the absorber's low frequency performance when compared with existing pyramidal absorbers. Optimisation of the design's parameters, using a PSO algorithm, has been carried out to maximise the absorber's bandwidth at −40dB reflectivity.


As an important form of online education, online collaborative learning is still in the stage of continuous exploration and research. Starting from the basic model of online collaborative learning, this paper proposes three teaching design explorations: 1. Set goals at different levels and correct deviations in a timely manner by means of continuous iteration; 2. Dynamically divide collaborative groups to increase participation by stimulating learners' sense of group identity 3. Increase the diversity of collaborative activities by sharing differentiated problems, building personalized knowledge networks, and precipitating endogenous biochemical resources. Preliminary practice shows that the above methods make the teaching objectives more suitable for online classrooms, which is conducive to integrating the "student-centered" teaching concept into the classroom, breaking the isolation between classrooms, and realizing the effective connection between after-class and before-class. Through exploration and practice, we hope to provide some references for online collaborative teaching of different disciplines, majors and course types.


Summary

Samples of 525 Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from the southeastern Black Sea between January 2002 and May 2003 for information on age, growth, length–weight relationships and stomach contents. Total length of sampled fish ranged from 4.6 to 22.9 cm and total weight from 1.3 to 220 g. The sex ratio (1 : 1.61) was biased toward females (P < 0.05). Positive allometric growth was determined in the collected samples. The length–weight relationship for all individuals was described by the parameters a = 0.0149 and b = 3.09, with r2 = 0.99. The sample was composed of five age-classes (0–7 years). Three growth models were used to identify the growth characteristics: von Bertalanffy, ; logistic, ; and Schnute and Richards, . Among these, the Schnute and Richards model was best fitted to the data as The diet was composed of Carcinus mediterraneus (18.2%), Crangon crangon (12.1%), unidentified crab species (10.6%), Gobius sp. (4.6%), Palaemon sp. (4.5%), Macropipus sp. (4.5%), Engraulis encrasicholus (1.5%), Gastropoda (1.5%), and unidentified remains (34.9%).


A study had been carried out to determine the distribution of ABO and Rh phenotypes in the population of Babylon Governorate. The study group included a total of 7317 donors, who were registered in the central blood banks at Al-Hilla General Teaching hospital during the period (February 2007 to May 2007). 7184(98.2%) were males and 133(1.8%) were females. The highest prevalence was that of blood group O (35.5 %) followed by blood groups A and B (27.7% and 28.3 % respectively) and the lowest of blood group AB (8.3%). The Rh phenotypes distribution also varies among the ABO blood groups. The total percentage of Rh positive was 90.1% and that of Rh negative was found to be 9.9%. The current study provides the estimation of the distribution of the proportion of ABO blood groups and Rh for the population of Babylon governorate.


of blood sample was diluted with 1.5 m� of saline solution. The samples were extracted with dichloromethane (15 m�) in an Extrelut® column (prepared in 10 m� syringe with 2.4 g of Extrelut®, Merck Chemical). Solvent was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen atmosphere. Samples were resuspended in 0.5 m� of mobile phase (CH 3 OH:H 2 O, 60:40), filtered with nylon filters (pore


Background: The Durie-Salmon staging system utilizes both laboratory features and information on MBS-FL. We hypothesized that, by detecting FL in the bone marrow prior to MBS-recognizable bone destruction, MRI would provide a biologically and clinically more relevant feature of FL-type MM (Tian et al, NEJM 2003). Patients and Methods: As part of a tandem transplant trial, TT2, MBS, MRI, clinical workup and cytogenetics were performed on 611 cases. Results: In a comparison of all areas imaged by both techniques, at least one FL was detected in 451 (74%) on MRI and 344 (56%) on MBS; 128 (21%) had no FL by either technique while 312 (51%) showed FL on both MBS and MRI. Importantly, of 267 patients without FL on MBS, 139 (52%) had FL on MRI; conversely, among 160 without FL on MRI, 32 (20%) had FL on MBS examination. The mean FL number among those with FL was 13 in case of MRI and 8 with MBS. Significantly higher proportions of patients had FL on MRI than MBS in spine (78% vs. 16% p 7) was significantly associated with higher serum levels of LDH, CRP and creatinine as well as with hypo-albuminemia, whereas no correlations were noted with levels of B2M, bone marrow plasmacytosis, hemoglobin, CA, age, gender, race and Ig isotype. Conclusion: MRI examination in MM is justified: as an imaging tool that permits detection of FL long before osteolytic disease is recognized on MBS, as an independent staging tool with prognostic implications (that should replace MBS used in the Durie-Salmon staging system) after accounting for the presence of CA, LDH and B2M; as a means of documenting a superior state of CR (MRI-CR) conferring survival advantage, in patients with a high focal lesion number at baseline; and, not addressed here, as a tool for detecting and staging non-secretory and macro-focal MM, the latter often having minimal or no involvement on random bone marrow examination.


The Final Report of the University Research Initiative project at UCSB on Mechanism-Based Design for High Temperature, High Performance Composites consists of four books. Book 3A is Constituent Properties and Macroscopic Performance of MMC and 3B is Constitutive Laws and Design.


We fabricated high quality epitaxial BiAlO3 thin films that exhibited a relatively high c∕a ratio of about 1.05 with a pseudotetragonal structure. On the atomic force microscope morphology of the BiAlO3 thin film, we observed large terraces with a width of about 1000A and terrace heights of nearly the same to one lattice constant. This indicates that the BiAlO3 thin film has an ideal layer-by-layer growth mode. The BiAlO3 thin film also showed a good ferroelectric property with a high remanent polarization of about 29μC∕cm2.


Six metabolites have been isolated from Aspergillus nidulans. Two of them are new metabolites and named emerin and emericellin, respectively. Emerin is greenish yellow columnar, mp 225~226°C and has been showen to be l,4-di-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dinitrilo-1,3-butadiene. Emericellin is yellow prisms, mp 110~112°C and has been shown to be 1-hydroxy-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-6-methyl-7-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)-8-hydroxymethyl-xanthone. Other metabolites were identified as shamixanthone, sterigmatocystin, averufin, and versicolorin C, respectively.


The electronic structure of NaMFe(MoO4)3 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) molybdates isostructural α-NaFe2(MoO4)3 or β-NaFe2(MoO4)3 has been studied for the first time. Taking into account the electronic correlation in the Hubbard model, it is shown that these compounds are semiconductors with a band gap from 1.2 to 2.6 eV. Sodium diffusion pathways in α-NaFe2(MoO4)3 and β-NaFe2(MoO4)3 structures have been established, it is shown that in compounds with the structure of β-NaFe2(MoO4)3 the energy barrier is almost twice lower. Modeling of sodium extraction showed that these molybdates should have a high potential from 3 to 5 V and small changes in the volume and enthalpy of formation depending on the sodium content. According to our results, low-symmetric molybdates NaMFe(MoO4)3 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) have diffusion properties and cathode voltage similar to NASICON-structure type compounds, and can also be promising materials for sodium-ion batteries.


For the preliminary screening eighty actinomycetes strains were selected as antagonists against Pestalotiopsis mangiferae, causal agent of brown rot of mango. Actinomycetes strains were cultured with P. mangiferae (dual culture) to determine their in vitroantagonistic ability. 17 strains that strongly inhibited hyphal growth of the pathogens were selected as potent antagonists. Green healthy fruits were treated with the test pathogens and potent antagonistic actinomycetes to determine their effect inhibition of pathogens. These isolates significantly reduced severity of brown rot on mango. Isolates CF-1(1), Dir-10(10), Dir-10(8) and Dir-10(3) reduced the size of the lesion as compared to control. These isolates exhibited disease inhibition of 70 to 89% in the inoculated mango fruits. However, maximum disease inhibition was observed with isolate CF-1(1) and this was the most potent isolate by inhibiting the disease by 89.06% in mango fruit.

 Key words: Post harvest disease, biological control, mango, actinomycetes,Pestalotiopsis mangiferae.


In the upper Mersey Valley there have been three and possibly four glaciations
during the Pleistocene. From youngest to oldest they are named the Rowallan
Glaciation, the Arm Glaciation, and the Croesus Glaciation. In addition sediment
from a Tertiary glaciation and a Lower Palaeozoic glaciation have been
recognised.
The Rowallan Glaciation covered the smallest area of the three Pleistocene
glaciations. The glacier formed a reticulate system with the main source an icecap
on the Central Plateau, and occupied an area of approximately 282 sq km. Major
valleys were almost completely filled with ice and the glacier terminated in at least
six ice lobes. In the region the Rowallan Glaciation covered an area of
approximately 282 sq km. The lowest point reached was 390 m above sea level in
the Mersey Valley and the equilibrium line altitude for the system was 1050 m,
which indicates a snowline some 930 m below present and a drop in the average
annual temperature of 6.2°C. The Rowallan Glaciation attained its maximum
before or about 13,400 ± 600 yr BP and deglaciation was well advanced or
complete by 9760 ± 720 yr BP.
The Arm Glacial system was larger in extent than the Rowallan Glaciation and at its
maximum occupied an area of approximately 500 sq km. The , lowest point reached
was in the Mersey Valley at 330 m and it had an equilibrium line altitude of 950 m.
This suggests a snowline 1030 m below present and a drop in the average annual
temperature of 6.7°C. The age of the Arm Glaciation is not known but estimated to
be in excess of 100,000 years BP.
The Croesus Glaciation is the oldest glaciation and had a very large extent,
completely blanketing the upper Mersey Valley. It terminated far beyond the area
of this study. The lowest altitude reached, the equilibrium line altitude and the
estimated temperature drop during the glacial maximum are unknown. Some
sediments of Croesus age show a reversed remanent detrital magnetism and thus
have a minimum age of 730,000 years BP.
The Tertiary and upper Palaeozoic glaciations are postulated on the basis of
scattered outcrops of lithified till in the region.
The Rowallan, Arm and Croesus glaciations of the upper Mersey Valley are
tentatively correlated with other glaciations in Tasmania, namely the Margaret,
Henty and Linda glaciations of the West Coast Ranges. The Rowallan Glaciation is
also tentatively correlated with the glaciation of the Snowy Ranges on the mainland
of Australia and with radiocarbon dated glaciations of New Zealand and Chile.


A historical background for the production of elements 99 and 100 in nuclear reactors and a survey of the current technology used for producing these elements are presented. (LK)


Previously published algorithms for the computation of multidimensional stability margins of discrete systems require a stability test of these systems before starting the computational algorithm. In this correspondence, it is shown that the multidimensional stability test may be replaced by single-dimensional tests for one kind of stability margin, and can be omitted completely for the second kind of stability margin.


Growing evidence suggests that many people do not see the differences between relationship education (RE) and couples therapy (CT). In fact, many lack information regarding the details and processes included in both RE and CT. If the differences are not understood, fewer people may be inclined to attend RE. RE has experienced various recruitment challenges over the years. The Theory of Planned Behavior illustrates how attitudes and intentionality are linked. If participants gain knowledge about a service, their attitudes about that service and intentions to participate change. For this study, an online module was created to provide information on the details and processes entailed in RE and CT, and the differences between RE and CT. A sample of 224 participants was randomly assigned to a treatment group (n = 112), who received a pretest, the module, and the posttest, or a control group (n = 112), who received the pretest and posttest only. Results showed that participation in the online module had significant effects on RE knowledge, attitudes, and intentions to participate.


Over the years there was no concept of Trend of Old Homes in Pakistan. Individuals As they aged, sought to stay closely connected with their children, these relations were structured around the reciprocal of obligation and notions of family bond and duties, as well as round ties of real affections and attachments.Eventually now the situation is the other way around, In this modern era we have lost the quality of good human.We do not have time to listen, to talk and to care for the elderly people due to our Pre- Built priorities. We should never forget who raised us in the time of infancy. We leave the hand of our parents at that time when they need us the most we forget who taught us to crawl, to walk by holding our finger and in the end we leave those fingers and let them to rot in an Old Home by declaring them physiologically ill.With all these miseries and sorrows of old aged people given to them by us! Many of them tends to live in Old Homes for their safe future. This book is written to spread awareness among the youth who are following the western culture,it also mentions some suggestion through which we can root out this trend of old homes form our society.


The invention relates to 3,6-dihydro-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazine-4-ones and tautomers thereof containing a benzyle radical in position 6, to methods for producing the same and to their use as medicaments, especially for treating different forms of epilepsy.


Based on the mapping of "energy-fault" in neural network, it is proposed to combine the wavelet transform based frequency spectrum analysis with grey theory to forecast the fault of hydroelectric generating sets. In this method the energy in different frequency bands is extracted by wavelet decomposition and by use of forecasting theory the forecasting model of hydroelectric generating set's characteristic quantities is established to forecast the energy changes of different frequency components, then the reconstructed characteristic vectors consisting of the forecasted energy components in different frequency bands are applied to the fault forecasting of hydroelectric generating set. Taking the main shaft of hydraulic turbine for example, the extraction of characteristic information and fault forecasting are carried out by use of the proposed method, the results show that it is more effective to combine the wavelet transform based energy extraction with grey theory to forecast the characteristic information of vibration.


The "information goal" underlying user activity on the web is an important latent parameter. Its determination can help in a wide variety of tasks ranging from improving the quality of a search engine's results to design and evaluation of web sites. The problem of determining user information goals is exacerbated in media-rich websites. The complexity lies in the fact that the semantics as well as the user-content interactions associated with media-rich information are context-based, emergent, and hard to capture. Furthermore, simple summary data such as traversal history or links clicked are, by themselves, insufficient to obtain insights about the information needs of a user. Doing so requires an explanatory model of user action. In this paper we propose techniques for automatically estimating user information goals from usage patterns in media-rich sites. Our research builds on ideas from information foraging theory; specifically, we propose methods to capture the influence of media-rich information and its structure on information goals and re-think the classical notion of information scent to capture the subjective perception of the value/cost/access-path of media-based informational entities. Putative information goals can subsequently be estimated from browsing patterns. Experimental investigations study the efficacy of the proposed techniques for estimating user goals and user-content interaction patterns in complex media rich sites.


The capacity of thallium to substitute for K+ in activation of (Na+, K+)‐ATPase of liver plasma membranes was studied. Our results indicate that Tl+ can replace K+ in the activation of the (Na+, K+)‐ATPase of liver plasma membranes. In the presence of Na+, similar activation is obtained with Tl+ concentrations only 1/10 of those of K+. In all other aspects, the (Na+, K+)‐ and (Na+, Tl+)‐ATPases were found to be identical.


Fault localization should always be a top priority with TPS re-host or new development. In fact, diagnostics should be a first step and the most critical step. Fault isolation should be a conscience effort as the main-line program is developed. During main-line program development an engineer could perceive fault isolation problems that might arise and then adjust the main-line to refine the testing such that smaller or more precise sections of a circuit will be tested so that fewer components come into consideration. Current flow problems can arise that don't appear obvious at the time Test Requirements Documents (TRD) are prepared and thus the circuit test can be weak or somewhat incomplete. We need to augment or improve the test requirements through-out all phases of circuit design and testing. A probe can be any conductor used to establish a connection between the circuit under test and the measuring instrument1. Standard probing techniques like the back-trace probe have proven effective. However, there are shortcomings with the standard back-trace probe. At times, the standard back-trace probe can cause diagnostic problems which can be deceiving. These deceiving problems tend to contribute to wrong callouts and mis-information. If the probing is defective then the diagnostics is defective. A "perfect" probe is nice to dream about. But in reality, no probe is perfect. Even a simple length of wire is still potentially a very complex circuit. For dc signals, a probe appears as a simple conductor pair with some series resistance and a terminating resistance. However, for ac signals, the picture changes dramatically as signal frequencies increase. Any length of wire has distributed inductance (L), and any wire pair has distributed capacitance (C). The distributed inductance reacts to ac signals by increasingly impeding ac current flow as signal frequency increases. The distributed capacitance reacts to ac signals with decreasing impedance to ac current flow as signal frequency increases. The interaction of these reactive elements (L and C), along with resistive elements (R), produces a total probe impedance that varies with signal frequency. Through good probe design, the R, L, and C elements of a probe can be controlled to provide desired degrees of signal fidelity, attenuation, and source loading over specified frequency ranges4. There are probing techniques that must be considered under certain diagnostic tests. There are circuit configurations that just don't respond well to the standard back-trace probe. During integration of a Test Program Set (TPS), whether a re-host or a new development,when fault insertion is being performed, problems with the standard back-trace probe might arise. If the engineer becomes aware of probing problems there needs to be a plan of action to resolve the issue. We should never dismiss any issues encountered in TPS development. The worn out comment "it can't be diagnosed" should never be a part of TPS development. Voltage probes are intended to measure or display voltages on the Unit Under Test (UUT). Ideally, the test instrument and its probe will not affect the voltage being measured. Practically, that translates into the test instrument and its probe presenting a high impedance that will not load the UUT. In many situations, an impedance with a resistive component of a meg ohm is adequate. For AC measurements, the reactive component of impedance may be more important than the resistive. Because of the high frequencies often involved, oscilloscopes do not normally use simple wires to connect to the UUT. Instead, a specific scope probe is used. Scope probes use a coaxial cable to transmit the signal from the tip of the probe to the oscilloscope, preserving high frequencies for more accurate oscilloscope operation. Scope probes fall into two main categories: passive and active. Passive scope probes contain no active electronic parts, such as transistors, so they require no external power. There is an alternate technique which can be deployed when backtracing in certain situations that seems to be effective. This technique involves the use of a little known EME probing technology. Properly configured EME equipment can detect and analyze signals without all of the short-comings associated with standard back-tracing. It is imperative the user have an understanding of problems that could arise from back-tracing and what action they can take to derive a proper diagnostic analysis. This paper will discuss probing problems and fault isolation techniques. Also, this paper will discuss ways to mitigate probing problems and address various diagnostic techniques the TPS developer or the test technician can use to diagnose a fault. Diagnostics and probing techniques can be adjusted to produce the best possible result. The EME technique will be explained with its' various requirements.


— Investigations into tearing-fatigue have been performed using three point bend specimens made of mild steel. A computer controlled testing machine was used which could maintain constant cyclic displacement ranges, or constant cyclic energy input ranges, and hence provide a range of crack tip driving force conditions. Fatigue crack growth rates were measured and compared with the predictions of a model based on the linear summation and non-interaction of fatigue and ductile tearing growth rates. The effects of fatigue crack growth on monotonic crack growth resistance properties were investigated. It is concluded that there is no significant interaction between these two crack propagation mechanisms in this steel. Crack growth rate equations governing propagation in the tearing-fatigue regime are given.


Clay soil from Desa Meunasah Rayeuk quarry in Kaway XVI,  West Aceh Regency is a land material frequently used for construction of road infrastructure. In this quarry, there are three types of soil based on the color, yellow, red, and gray. The three types of soil have expansive characteristics, so they are not suitable for subgrade.  This unoptimal characteristic can be improved through soil stabilization. One of them by utilizing the reaction of catinonization between lime Ca(OH)2 with the clay soil. Therefore, a research needs to be conducted to find out the characteristics of physical and mechanical properties of the original soil and the effect of cationization of the soil and lime mixture on the soil plasticity index and soil shear strength parameters. Testing is done through mineralogical test and ASTM standard tests that include physical properties, standard compaction, and direct shear strength test. Variations of lime addition are 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% of the soil dry weight. The test results show that the addition of lime can reduce the soil plasticity index and increase the shear strength of the soil on some level. At mixing up to 12% lime, the soil plasticity index dropped to 12.93% in yellow clay, 11.12% in red clay, and 16,76% in gray clay. The plasticity index after the addition of 12% lime has not met the minimum plasticity index requirement, ie 11%. The maximum shear strength for yellow clay is obtained at 3% lime, and 6% lime for red and gray clays.


A high‐density θ pinch has been irradiated by the 0.2‐J 180‐nsec pulse of a CO2 laser. Fast photography and spectroscopy monitor the plasma behavior, temperature, and density and permit a comparison with theory.


The COVID-19 pandemic is not just a health crisis or an economic disaster: recent times have brought to the fore a host of preexisting challenges and pain, from systemic racism to xenophobia and nationalistic extremists Many artists are making work that responds directly to the current crisis, but in thinking of art as a tool for making sense of what is happening in the world, Raviv wanted to highlight examples of earlier work that seem most relevant to the issues people are struggling with during this time The fact that these all predate the current crisis serves as a reminder that most people struggle with today is not new, only more visible


Granitoids play a leading role in the geological structure of the Ros-Tikich megablock. The rocks of the Ros-Tikich series, which form the supercrystalline base here, have survived among the granitoids only in the form of some remnants of different sizes. In the coastal outcrops of the middle course of the river Ros (east of Bila Tserkva) and in the quarries located near the river, the most common are two-feldspar granitoids, isolated as part of two complexes – Uman and Stavyshche. Plagiogranitoids and supercrustal rocks have survived among them in the form of separate fragments. Of the accessory uranium-containing minerals, zircon and titanite are present in two-field spar granites, and monazite was found in single samples of granites in which titanite was absent. The age of obscure porphyry-like granite discovered by the Ostrivsk quarry – 2063.5 ± 1.2 million years and uniformgrained granite, distributed in the quarry of the village of Bovkun – 2042.5 ± 8.6 million years. The obtained values of the isotopic age of these granites are in good agreement with the results of uranium-lead isotopic dating of zircons from twofeldspar granites of the Ros-Tikich megablock (1990-2080 million years). This allows us to propose to combine the granites of the Stavyshche and Uman complexes into one Paleoproterozoic complex.


Fe 61 Co 21 Nb 3 B 15 powder mixture was prepared by mechanical alloying process in a high energy planetary ball mill. Structural and thermal changes of the milled powders were followed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mossbauer spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both XRD and Mossbauer spectrometry results reveal the formation, after 48 h of milling, of a highly disordered amorphous-like structure where nanometer-sized iron borides were embedded. A mechanical recrystallisation process gives rise to the formation of α-Fe and α-FeCo nanograins on further milling. The occurrence of structural disorder in the milled powders might be confirmed by broad exothermic reaction in the DSC scans which consists of several overlapping exothermic peaks. Such behaviour originates from recovery, strain relaxation, grain growth and crystallisation.


A rigorous and accurate method for reverse-engineering autopilot behavior from its description in the aircraft operational manual (FCOM) has been developed. The method has been applied to the A340-200/300 in the framework of a contract with Airbus Industrie whose goal was to study pilots' knowledge of autopilot behavior.


In the classification of modem Chinese passive sentences,we should first sort them out in accordance with whether there is subject in the sentence,into passive sentences with subject and passive sentences without subject.Then further classify the passive sentences with subject according to the number of the object emerging in the sentence,into passive sentences with one object and the passive sentences with two objects;At the same time,we further classify the passive sentences without subject,according to whether there is object,into passive sentences with object but without subject and passive sentences With neither object nor subject. Through the two-layer classification the passive sentence patterns in modern Chinese come into being with the characteristics of being systematic,integrative,structural,two-layer related and open for free division within the frame.


A compact differential wideband bandpass filter (WBPF) composed of a coupled full-wavelength loop is presented. The differential-mode circuit of the proposed filter is analyzed, showing that the proposed filter exhibits a three-pole differential-mode (DM) wideband bandpass filtering response. Moreover, both the fractional bandwidth (FBW) and the inband return loss can be adjusted by changing the parameter of the characteristics of coupled-line. Furthermore, the proposed filter provides a wider common-mode (CM) rejection characteristics owing to its multiple periodical transmission zeros. Additionally, the filter has a very compact size occupation. To verify the design concept, one filter example has been designed, fabricated and measured. The fabricated filter demonstrates good differential WBPF performance including a broad 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 66.6% centered at f0 = 1.62 GHz, a wider 14.5 dB CM rejection from dc to 2.96f0, and a very compact size of 0.163 λg2.


Single-in-line arrays of perpendicular heads used with double-layer magnetic media, as in high-speed magnetic printers, are treated. It is shown that parasitic recording, or ghost prints, comes from the conjunction of two phenomena: (1) magnetostatic coupling between an active head and its immediate neighbors, resulting in short-range noise with magnetization polarity the same as that of the applied signal; and (2) magnetoelectrodynamic coupling between heads and media layers, resulting in longer range noise with magnetization polarity either reversed or identical to that of signal. Supporting experimental data are presented, and ways to improve performance are indicated. >


This study examines the characteristics of cross-fertilization of knowledge of MIS and its related disciplines. The examination is conducted from the perspective of two significantly different models of scientific development. These are the internalist model and the externalist model. Citation data is used to develop a cross-fertilization network of scientific disciplines. The patterns of knowledgesharing among the disciplines are studied. MIS and its reference disciplines are analyzed in terms of the degree to which they remain open to the ideas of other fields. Results indicate that the patterns of cross-fertilization vary greatly among these scientific fields. This suggests that no one model of scientific development serves to describe adequately MIS and its related disciplines. The status of MIS as a scientific discipline is discussed. The authors argue that the multifaceted nature of MIS should be re-conceptualized as progress from multiple directions.


The controversy over the prescription drug, alosetron, is examined in order to investigate what is permitted to count as 'therapeutic advance' and 'therapeutic breakthrough' within pharmaceutical innovation and regulation. It is argued that those official accounting categories can mask very modest efficacy of some drugs by reference to the official techno-scientific evidence, thus leading to questionable acceptance of risks to public health. This is explained by: the drug availability options set by the commercial interests of manufacturers; the FDA management's need to demonstrate rapid approval of therapeutic advances to their budgetary masters, especially in the context of patient demands for access to new drugs; and the increasing capacity of patient groups, sometimes in collaboration with pharmaceutical manufacturers, to challenge techno-scientific expertise and evidence with experiential testimony. It is concluded that regulatory policy-makers need much more sophisticated accounting systems for differentiating between drugs defined as significant therapeutic advances, and between drugs ('therapeutic breakthroughs' fast-tracked to treat serious or life-threatening conditions. Contrary to some STS analyses, the desirability of an ascendancy of patients' anecdotal evidence in regulatory decisions for public health is questioned.


AIMS
Neoral is a new microemulsion form of cyclosporin. Pharmacokinetic reports in children are scarce. Therefore, we performed a pharmacokinetic study between Cyclosporin A (CsA) capsules and Neoral in paediatric patients with lupus nephritis.

METHODS
A single 5 mg kg(-1) dose orally of either CsA capsules or Neoral was given to 10 paediatric patients (serum creatinine < 1.5 mg dl(-1)). CsA whole blood levels were measured for 24 h post-dose by h.p.l.c.

RESULTS
Neoral had a higher C(max) and AUC(C(max): 943 +/- 176 ng ml(-1); AUC: 4612 +/- 785 ng ml(-1) h) than those of the CsA capsules (C(max): 697 +/- 187 ng ml(-1); AUC: 3483 +/- 873 ng ml(-1) h; P < 0.05). There was no difference in t(max) and t(1/2,z) between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS
CsA Neoral had improved absorption and bioavailability, which is similar to what is reported in adults. However, interpatient variability still existed. Careful drug monitoring and dose adjustment should be performed during treatment to avoid nephrotoxicity, especially in lupus nephritis.


Abstract This article describes how the author created an academic website in reproductive medicine, and presents data on visitor profiles. The website provides access to interactive lectures, computer-generated tests, quizzes, searchable databases, and a bulletin board for approved users. The website is international in scope, collaborative, asynchronous in delivery, flexible, and responsive to learner needs. Visitors from industrialized countries accessed the lessons on polycystic ovary syndrome, amenorrhea, and infertility. In 2004, the total number of unique visitors was 21,269. Introduction In recent years, increasing numbers of medical institutions in the United States and abroad have incorporated innovative methods of teaching and research using the Internet technologies (Barzansky et al. 2000; Jenkins, 2002; Zondervan et al. 2002). The Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics (APGO) website reveals several medical centers in the United States and Canada have also established departmental websites (APGO, 2005). The links provide information on what other institutions are doing with regard to medical education programs, residencies and fellowships, departments and faculty, patient care and research. Besides healthcare professionals, many infertile couples are actively using the Internet for their fertility problems (Weissman et al. 2000; Epstein et al. 2002; Haagen et al. 2003). However, posting of information on the Internet does not always undergo peer reviews or need some standard for publication. The use of standardized curriculum and innovative techniques for providing education are important steps for graduate training of future doctors in reproductive medicine (Soules, 1994; Davis et al. 1995; Jenkins, 1999; Alvero et al. 2004). The World Wide Web provides a delivery system for transferring information to many users without the barriers of time and geography (Chu & Chan, 1998). Developing web-based learning represents an evolution that needs experienced website designers, surveys of the targeted audience, focus groups, and analysis of server data or a combination of these methods (Letterie et al. 1994, 1996; Jenkins et al. 2001). Web-based learning may be suitable setting for women's health issues because of the multidisciplinary nature and need for vertical integration throughout medical school curriculums. According to a recent study, the web-based instruction resolved barriers associated with limited curriculum time and faculty availability, provided an accessible and standard curriculum, and met the needs of adult learners in a medicine clerkship (Zebrack et al. 2005). More studies in defined clinical settings are needed to realize the full potentials of web-based learning for women's health education. Websites designed at academic institutions and departments must present authentic content, be consistent in navigation, use simple graphics, and highlight ease of maintenance (Singh, 2002). Towards this end, the department of obstetrics and gynecology at the Louisiana State Health Sciences Center in Shreveport launched the first academic website in September 1997. This article describes how the author created an academic website in reproductive medicine, and presents data on visitor profiles to show how they used the website in recent years. Methods The departmental server (PowerEdge 2300, Dell Computer Corporation, Round Rock, TX) runs under Windows 2000 operating system (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA). Ancillary units installed were an automated tape backup, uninterruptible power supply, an antivirus software program, and a redundant array of independent disks to provide safety measures against unexpected system failures. The design for the website followed guidelines proposed by the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) core standards for publications (Silberg et al. 1997). The individual pages were created using a software that creates web pages with hypertext markup language (NetObjects Fusion, Website Pros, Inc. …


In case of normal operation of the nuclear facilities of the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center the annual radiation burden remains below the dose limit values admitted for the population living in the environment (30 mrem/a whole body, 90 mrem/a thyroid, 180 mrem/a bone). Observance of these low dose limits cannot be monitored by on-line environmental monitoring for the simple reason that the requirement on the measuring sensitivity cannot be fulfilled. In case of measurements of the radioactivity concentrations the detection limits required cannot be attained without enrichment procedures. In case of dose rate measurements it must be noted that only the local dose rate can be measured as areal measuring quantity in the environment. However, the necessary reference quantity for evidencing observance of the limit value of whole body dose, caused by activity releases with theexhaust air or liquid effluents, would call for difference measurements which cannot be carried out with the accuracy required for this purpose for the simple reason that the natural local dose is subject to variations. Therefore, the two on-line monitoring systems used inKfKenvironmental monitoring should be taken as measures of accident precaution and they are restricted to measurement of gamma local dose rates and of the (ß+y)-radiation levels. One of the systems serves to monitor the KfK operational area, the second serves to monitor the surrounding communities up to a radius of 8 km. By use of two different types of detectors the first system covers a range of measurement of 10 ~rem/h to 1000 rem/ho By the second system only increases in the radiation level can be detected. It allows to record accidents in which countermeasures must be taken very urgently. The two monitoring systems are described which have been operated and partly been developed at the KfK. The possibilities and limits of using them for environmental monitoring are discussed. Die Bedeutung von on-line-überwachungssystemen innerhalb des Programms zur überwachung der Umgebung des Kernforschungszentrums Karlsruhe


New buildings are increasingly being constructed on sites subject to vibration. The vibrations cause excessive disturbances in the finished building depending on the excitation strength and frequency. An efficient way to eliminate structure-borne noise using elastomeric insulating materials is proposed.


Since the turn of the century, contactors have been used for the remote control of electric motors, and other loads. They are particularly suitable for applications requiring a relatively high frequency of switching, including the switching of operational overload currents. They are not normally called on, however, to interrupt short-circuit or earth-fault currents


In nature, 5,6-dimethyl-1-(α-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole exists as a moiety of vitamin B12 (Ref 1). The furanosyl benzimidazole can be considered as Cnucleoside mimic. Due to its structural similarity to purine, benzimidazole is also an important chemical entity in pharmaceuticals 2 . In one approach, aldobenzimimdazoles are prepared by the condensation of aldonic acid or aldonic δ-lactones with o-phenylenediamine 3 . The condensation reactions are often conducted in strong acidic conditions at elevated temperature (e.g.135°C) 4 . The teritol-1-yl benzimidazoles can be further converted to furanosyl benzimidazoles by Lewis acid promoted dehydrative cyclization 5 . In another approach, aldoses are subjected to oxidative condensation with o-phenylenediamine to give aldobenzimidazoles in a direct manner 6 . This approach mitigates the laborious work in the prior preparation of aldonic acids from the corresponding aldoses 7 . For example, Moore and Link 4 have previously applied this approach to synthesize two monosaccharides benzimidazoles, D-gluco and Dgalactobenzimidazoles, in 24% and 50% yields from D-glucose and D-galactose, respectively, by heating with cupric acetate (2 equiv) at 53°C for 14 hr in aqueous acetic acid solution. Some saccharide bisSchiff bases and quinaxolines also form as side products under such reaction conditions 4-6 . However using catalytic amounts of CuSO4 or replacing the AcOH solvent with MeOH does not give any desired aldo-benzimidazoles 8 . Considering the acid-sesitive internal glycosidic bonds in disaccharides and higher saccharides, it is questionable that the corresponding aldo-benimidazoles can be obtained by the above mentioned reactions involving acidic conditions at high reaction temperature. In continuation of our study, the novel transformation of aldehyde and aldoses by use of amines and iodine 9-12 , we describe herein an improved protocol for the synthesis of various aldo-benzimidazoles by direct oxidative condensation of aldoses, including different mono-saccharides with substituted ophenylenediamine in the presence of iodine.


Natural convection of air in a cubical volume is investigated experimentally and numerically. A cubical volume of 20×20×20 cm dimensions was built for the experimental study. One of the vertical walls covering the volume is hot, the other one is cold and the rest are adiabatic. Three walls are made of aluminum and the others are made of heat-resistant glass. The hot wall temperature is kept constant during the experiments by means of an electrical heater. The cold wall is at the ambient temperature. Other adiabatic surfaces are insulated with polyurethane foam. Experiments are performed in an air-conditioned room at 21°C. PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) is used for velocity measurements. The FLUENT CFD software package is used for the numerical study. A three-dimensional solution is obtained for the laminar flow case for a 61×61×61 grid. The numerical and experimental results are compared with each other for the validation of the numerical solution under the testing conditions of TH = 69°C, TC = 41°C and Ra = 1.3×107 . Results obtained from the numerical and experimental studies are in a reasonably good agreement with each other.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


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Reproducible experiments are a major requirement for transparent, comparable and verifiable results in the field of human-robot interaction (HRI). Furthermore, a version-controlled and well-structured "ready to deploy" system setup of soft- and hard-ware for an HRI experiment opens up a range of innovative possibilities for interdisciplinary efforts as well as simplified participation of collaborators in the research community. However, making experiments reproducible is not a trivial task. It stems from the lack of agreed upon methodologies, tools and the inherent technical complexity. In this work we present our latest efforts in the context of an international and interdisciplinary research project to enable robotics researchers, software engineers, and social scientists to work together to reproduce a behavioral HRI experiment. The successful reproduction demonstrates that our tool chain approach meets the proposed requirements of the reproducibility problem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time an integrated systemic approach allowed an identical instantiation of a complete HRI experiment at geographically distributed locations.


Several potassium selenocarboxylates were synthesized in moderate to good yields by the direct reaction of acyl chlorides with potassium selenide. The potassium salts were readily oxidized with XeF2 to give diacyl diselenides in quantitative yields. The structure of di(4-methoxybenzoyl) diselenide was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. Intramolecular interactions between the carbonyl oxygen and the selenium that is connected to the opposite carbonyl group were observed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 10: 373–379, 1999


In this paper, we study the aggregation between the FDD and TDD spectrum bands within the context of 3GPP LTE-A system. To be specific, we first provide a cross-layer design analysis to obtain the achievable throughput using the TDD mode for transmission in LTE-A system. Under particular QoS requirements and certain channel conditions, the achievable throughput is derived and evaluated. The QoS requirements originate from the upper layers, where the file size, the TCP window size and the latency for efficient transmission are incorporated in the final formulation. Having obtained the formulation, simulation results highlight the impact of the QoS parameters to different TDD frame formats. We therefore propose a framework for TDD frame adaptation within the LTE-A system. The aim of this framework is to provide the options of choosing different TDD frame formats by calculating the DL:UL subframes ratio under certain channel conditions and QoS requirements. Simulation results are carried out, which reveal the probability of choosing the different TDD frame formats from the system under certain channel conditions and QoS requirements.


Vocational college students were not good at mathematics.Many students had the following obvious features: less interests,weaker self-study ability and stronger self-designation.There were many elements that affect their mathematics achievement,and meta-cognitive level was an important one of them.Therefore,study the present situation of their mathematics meta-cognition and further cultivate their meta-cognitive capacity maybe a breakthrough point to solve the above problems.Using the methods as questionnaire and interviewing,the thesis studies the present situation of vocational college students' mathematics meta-cognitive level and its relation with students' mathematics achievement.We found that students' meta-cognitive level was lower and unbalanced,also a lot of problems exit in the related elements.There were obvious relationships among students' mathematics achievement,their level of meta-cognition and the related elements.


Immediate postpartum placement of an intrauterine device (IUD) is safe and highly effective, but placement <6 weeks after vaginal delivery generally has been discouraged because of high expulsion rates (JW Womens Health Dec 2 2010). But what about tolerability and expulsion rates of IUDs inserted after cesarean delivery? Investigators sought to determine feasibility of postcesarean IUDs …


Outlines are given of the theory used in FASTER-3 Monte Carlo computer program for the transport of neutrons and gamma rays in complex geometries. The code has the additional capability of calculating the minimum weight layered unit shield configuration which will meet a specified dose rate constraint. It includes the treatment of geometric regions bounded by quadratic and quardric surfaces with multiple radiation sources which have a specified space, angle, and energy dependence. The program calculates, using importance sampling, the resulting number and energy fluxes at specified point, surface, and volume detectors. Results are presented for sample problems involving primary neutron and both primary and secondary photon transport in a spherical reactor shield configuration. These results include the optimization of the shield configuration.


The historical poetics of Veselovsky and the oral formulaic theory of "Parry – Lord" have noted the important role of singers in poetry text,but the focuses of these two theories are different. Veselovsky maintains a written culture aesthetic view in his historical poetics,regarding the singer's individual pioneering spirit as a starting poet of poetry. The oral formulaic theory of "Parry – Lord" is that every singer's performance is "original","original" power does not originate from artistic innovation,but rather the need for oral performing act. The historical poetics of Veselovsky highlights historical consciousness of literary development from the position of literary and cultural comparisons. The oral formulaic theory of "Parry – Lord" reveals the oral literary tradition underlying Homer's epic text,thus to establish a "living state " in literature.


The viscous forces acting on a DNA macromolecule in a fiber are calculated. The DNA polymer is modeled as an infinite rod of elliptical cross section with a grooved surface. The viscous solvent is hydrodynamic water. Appropriate boundary conditions for determining the viscous forces on the acoustic vibrational modes are discussed. The viscous forces acting on each mode are then calculated as functions of both frequency and amount of water in the fiber. The mass loading of the DNA due to water in the grooves is shown to reduce the longitudinal acoustic velocity, which agrees with recent experimental results. The longitudinal modes are determined to be underdamped and correspondingly sharp over a range of frequencies and humidities appropriate to experimental conditions. The torsional and transverse acoustic modes are still strongly overdamped.


This paper discusses coil pressing through which stator windings are compressed at high pressures to enhance the slot fill factor of electrical machines. Deterioration of insulation in compressed windings is investigated by performing quasistatic explicit dynamics finite element simulations. The results obtained from the proposed method are further investigated experimentally to validate the durability of the compressed coils. It is shown that stator windings can be compressed to a certain degree without observing material failure. In order to demonstrate the thermal advantages of densely packed stator windings, both steady state thermal finite element analysis (FEA) simulations and semi-analytical methods have also been studied. A good agreement between analytical and FEA simulations is obtained. It is noted that steady state thermal finite element modeling could be used to predict effective thermal conductivity of stator windings for different slot fill factors.


The objectives of the sustainable development of the United Nations seek to integrate well-being, poverty reduction and efficient use of natural resources into the notion of economic development. The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) is a parameterized model that proposes the dimensioning of sustainability in the social, economic and environmental dimensions and that can be applied in the evaluation of organizations and municipalities. This article establishes a ranking of fifteen municipalities in the Northeast region for their level of sustainability, using sixteen indicators of actions, activities and public policies aligned with the ODS and from the perspective of the TBL. Each municipality was evaluated in relation to all indicators by the Probabilistic Composition of Preferences (CPP), a multicriteria decision support method. The results demonstrated that the social and economic perspectives involve environmental impacts that can compromise the sustainability of municipalities and that good performance in only one dimension is not enough to express sustainability, reinforcing the importance of sustainable development approach to economic growth.


In the form of letters, artists and curator share their impressions on the occasion of a presentation of sculptural works. Biographical notes. Texts in German or Dutch.


Fear and anxiety disorders are associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and recent clinical studies suggest that autonomic dysregulation may link these conditions. After retrieval, fear memories become temporarily vulnerable during a state of reconsolidation, and interventions that disrupt this process may improve post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and potential CVD risk. The renin angiotensin system has been shown to contribute to memory processes in rodent models of Pavlovian conditioning, however its role in reconsolidation of auditory fear conditioning is unknown. In the present study, we examined the effects of AT1R inhibition on fear memory reconsolidation and conditioned cardiovascular responses.


With the shift to at-home work due to the Covid-19 pandemic, longer hours are spent sitting in front of a computer without proper ergonomic seating available in most home-office settings. Most home office arrangements often lack the necessary back support needed for prolonged periods of sedentary work. The goal of the proposed system is to automatically track a user's postural positions throughout the day through the use of a non-invasive, wearable system and automatically provide feedback from an algorithm to warn the user to correct or change their poor posture. This is done by placing magnets in the form of a rectangular grid on a shirt as well as an MMR sensor on the chest of the body. The onboard magnetic sensor records the data values from the grid of magnetics, which is then, along with data recorded from the onboard accelerometer, analyzed to determine the position of the user. A trained algorithm recognizes and automatically detects the spinal position of the user from the recorded data points and provides direction to alter their posture. These recommendations act as a warning system and allow the user to self-monitor and correct their own behavior to prevent back and neck pain and reduce the chance of long-lasting damage that can result from poor posture.


The first extracellular domain of the α‐subunit of the Na+/K+‐ATPase (sodium/potassium pump) is functionally important, affecting sensitivity of the enzyme to cardiac glycosides (e.g. ouabain) and being implicated in the transport of K+. This domain is also variable among mammalian isoforms of the α‐subunit. Using PCR, we have isolated from seven insect species with contrasting physiologies a DNA fragment containing this region, in order to help determine whether tissue‐specific expression might be associated with isoforms encoded by a gene family, as it is in mammals. A single sequence (with one ORF) characteristic of Na+/K+‐ATPase was obtained from genomic DNA of each species. Only the fragment from Manduca sexta contained an intron, but at a location different to that found in mammals. For all Diptera so far characterized, the species phylogeny is the same as the α‐subunit gene phylogeny (based on the sequences of the first extracellular domain and flanking transmembrane domains). The results strongly indicate a single, ouabain‐sensitive isoform of the α‐subunit of Na+/K+‐ATPase is present in Diptera.


The acoustical optimisation of railway vehicles is vitally important in terms of tightened acoustic specification requirements, initiated legal limitation of sound emission and increasing sensitisation to noise exposure. It supposes a so-called noise management, in which a railway vehicle is technically attended from the design stage to the acoustic acceptance measurement. Essential elements of the noise management are computed forecasts and metrology studies used for the preparation of individual acoustic specifications for the acoustically relevant vehicle components. A practised team, a good measuring equipment and a freely available test track are helpful for the acoustical optimisation. The task consists in recognising existing improvement potentials by specific measurements at the components and the total system and to promote their application. Some examples for this purpose are shown below.


[Extract] If the 1980s were a decade lost to development for countries in Latin America and Africa, the 1990s were a decade lost to the Japanese economy. Ever since the economic bubble burst in the early 1990s, the Japanese economy has lurched between recession and stagnation.
Analysts, like Michael Porter (Porter, Takeuchi and Sakakibara 2000), observed a need for radical reform and transformation in Japan to rest the economy on a new growth trajectory. Within Japan, a growing number acknowledged the reform imperative but while some progress was made in restoring financial health of the beleaguered banking
system, political leaders relied mainly on ineffective pump-priming policies to "fix" the economic problem policies. Most Japanese political leaders failed even to deliver on their own limited reform agenda and rhetoric. Much was promised by way of reform of the Japanese political
economy but little was actually delivered.


Abstract In 1948 Barnett Newman made a modest-sized oil painting incorporating masking tape. Newman considered this painting, which he later entitled Onement I, to be his artistic breakthrough and indeed it does represent, both conceptually and in the artist's use of his materials, a radical shift from his preceding works. Throughout the rest of his career Newman continued to utilize the possibilities of 'accident and control' and the fusion of 'concept and execution' which he first experienced in making Onement I. Newman's writings and comments he made in interviews further elucidate these ideas that are so powerfully expressed in his paintings. This paper combines analysis of the artist's writings with the technical examinations carried out on all his extant works.


Background: The plantar aspect of the foot is a difficult area for wound coverage and offers restricted/limited possibility for surgical repair. Due to the shearing and ground-reactive forces that the sole of the foot encounters and its unique organizational makeup of plantar skin and fat pad, reconstructive surgical techniques used on other parts of the body cannot be readily adapted to the plantar foot. Objective: The authors present an overview of wound repair after excision of benign or malignant tumor on plantar area. Methods: Retrospective review was done on 27 patients whose benign or malignant tumors on the plantar area were excised. From January 2007 to December 2012, we repaired defects on the plantar foot after simple excision of benign cutaneous tumors or wide excision of malignant melanomas. Patients were reviewed for results and complications. Results: Simple elliptical closure was used for the defects of which the short diameter was below 1.5 cm in 13 patients. Transposition flap was used in 2 patients. The local flap was used when the length to width ratio was smaller than 3 to 1, and the laxity of the skin adjacent to the defect was available. Larger defects of other 12 cases needed to be reconstructed with full thickness skin graft (FTSG) or by secondary intention healing (SIH). The re-epithelialization was shown to be faster in the FTSG group, but the functional and cosmetic results were better in the SIH group. Conclusion: Many defects on the sole were difficult to repair because of the distinct anatomy. In order to treat such large wounds in weight bearing area, both FTSG and SIH are relatively good options. (Korean J Dermatol 2014;52(1):13∼19)


Several hydrocolloids masked bitter tasting Ca salts added to cottage cheese. Cottage cheese dressing was partially replaced by hydrocolloid and fortified with calcium chloride, calcium phosphate, calcium lactate, calcium carbonate, or calcium citrate and evaluated for bitterness at equal calcium levels. calcium lactate was the least bitter salt and was studied further. Solutions of gum arabic and guar) and was significantly less than that of the positive control (with added calcium and without added guar). The added guar caused a decrease in overaU preference attributable to a foreign taste in the guar extract used.


Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) is commonly used to provide distance estimates in range-based localization. In most cases, the localization systems use RSS at short range where the distance estimates are more reliable or use RSS alongside other techniques such as Time of Flight (ToF). This is so, since RSSI measurements have relatively high variance at long range and are strongly influenced by occlusions and interference in the deployment region of the Radio Frequency (RF) devices. This paper presents an overview of common filtering techniques that can be used to process RSSI readings in order to improve the accuracy of range computation from raw RSSI with minimal computational overhead. The range estimates computed from the filtered data are compared with expected values of the perturbed range/distance expressed in terms of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for RSS distance estimation. Results show that filtering can significantly improve the accuracy of range estimation, highlighting the pros and cons of the presented filtering methods at different range values.


We examine the effects of a toroidal magnetic field on two types of seismic data: first, on splitting of normal modes and, second, on body wave travel times. The main contribution of this paper is the derivation of formulas for these problems. Comparison between data and theory indicates that the magnitude of the toroidal magnetic field (T20) has to be as large as 250 T (tesla) to explain the data. There are, however, some inconsistencies among the fit to the data set. For example, some modes require a strong magnetic field near the core mantle boundary, while other modes require a weak field. Also the travel time difference between polar and equatorial paths is not explained by the T10 or T20 field. A field with odd angular degree 𝓁 (T𝓁0 or S𝓁0) is needed to produce the travel time difference between the polar and equatorial paths. We also point out that ohmic dissipation due to a strong magnetic field with 100 T is about 4–5 orders of magnitude larger than the present heat flow output of the Earth. The analysis suggests that the magnetic field in the outer core is not the cause of seismic anomalies.


Back-to-back converters have been typically used to interconnect microgrids. For a back-to-back current-source converter, the dc-link current ripple is one of the important parameters. A large ripple will cause electromagnetic interference, undesirable high-frequency losses, and system instability. Conventionally, with a given switching frequency and rated voltage, the current ripple can be reduced by increasing the dc-link inductor, but it leads to bulky size, high cost, and slow dynamic response. To solve this problem, this paper reveals that the current ripple can be significantly reduced by adjusting the gate patterns of space vector modulation between the rectifier and the inverter in a back-to-back converter. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Introduction: Anthracyclines (ANT) and Herceptin (HER) are known to cause left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure (CHF). We aimed to identify the clinical risk factors associated with reduced LV function caused by one or both agents. Methods: We retrospectively examined our electronic records for patients that received ANT and/or HER from 2000-2013 and identified 3253 patients. 2704 were excluded for lack of a follow-up EF assessment (2699) or development of CAD (5) after the start of chemotherapy. Of the remaining 216 patients, 27 (12.5%) had a drop in EF after chemotherapy of >10% to below 50% and 185 (86.6%) did not. Kruskal Wallis test and Fisher exact test were utilized to estimate the difference between groups, and logistic regression model was used to predict a fall in EF. Results: More patients with a fall in EF had hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HL) and CAD (Table). A higher % of patients with a fall in EF received both HER and ANT as compared to ANT alone (36% vs 9.5% p=0.001). Higher use of liposomal doxorubicin was seen in the group with no reduction in EF. The median (IQR) time difference (days) between start of chemotherapy and reduced EF was 213 (76-761) and the doxorubicin dose in this group was 240 (128.5-254) mg/m2. On multivariate analysis hypertension and use of Herceptin remained independent predictors of EF fall. Conclusion: HTN, HL, CAD and concomitant HER use were univariate predictors of EF decline, while only HTN and HER were independent multivariate predictors. Given the prevalence of reduced EF at follow-up, late assessment of EF is indicated to avoid missing chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.


The objectives of this research are to better understand both the velocity and attenuation structure of the crust and upper mantle of eastern Kazakh, and the character of the explosion source from regional and teleseismic data. Initial emphasis has been on analysis of teleseismic data. Comparison of results from eastern Kazakh with similar results for Nevada should improve our understanding of the differences observed between US and Soviet nuclear explosions. 12 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.


The demand for single cell manipulation to allow scientist to carry out medical researcher is fast increasing. To facilitate this advanced manipulation systems are required to permit both precise and safe handling of the biological cells. Current devices can achieve a high level of precision at the micro/nano scale but as a consequence are highly rigid and this stiffness puts the target cells at risk as there is no compliance or back-drivability. Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are naturally compliant, giving them a 'soft touch', and now with recent advances in their fabrication and control IPMCs are showing major promise as safe and accurate cell manipulators. This paper presents the development of an optimally tuned force controller for a 2 degree-of-freedom (2DOF) IPMC actuated micro-manipulator. The control system has been implemented to demonstrate the ability to control the manipulator's applied force as a step towards implementing a truly safe system with active compliance control. The controller is adaptively tuned using a model-free iterative feedback tuning (IFT) approach which is ideal for operation in unknown cellular environments as well as for controlling the complex time-varying behavior of the IPMC actuators themselves. The IFT algorithm tunes the force controller by minimizing the design criteria, a least squares error, by 25% in the horizontal direction and 46% in the vertical direction. Experiments then show that the manipulator can accurately track a reference trajectory up to 4gf or ~40mN in both DOF.


The phrase 'informed consent' is used widely in healthcare. Practitioners ask their patients for their consent to a treatment or a diagnostic or monitoring procedure and, if consent is given, will ...


The invention relates to a method for detecting pathogenic organisms, especially Helicobacter pylori and H. heilmanii , in fecal, salivary and secretion specimen by a double antibody sandwich assay. The inventive method is characterized by dissolving or dispersing the specimen together with a pathogenic antigen in a buffer solution and contacting the buffer solution with a solid phase to which at least two primary antibodies are bound, one of which specifically binds to the pathogenic antigen and the other to human immunoglobulin A; washing the solid phase of non-specifically bound proteins and contacting the solid phase with a secondary antibody that specifically binds to the pathogenic antigen; and determining the amount of specifically bound secondary antibody.


Was liberalism really an outdated ideology in post-1945 European political systems, as claimed by some scholars? The great success of socialism on one side and various forms of Christian Democracy on the other could make that claim appear reasonable. In fact a closer view shows how postwar constitutions in some countries (Italy, France and Germany) presented once again fundamental liberal values, reformulated in different words. One of the roots of that difference is the gap between the Anglo-Saxon approach to liberalism, which takes into account history and communities, and the continental tradition of liberalism, linked to an abstract philosophical approach and highly dependent on long-standing struggles between Churches and the body politic.


The main participants in construction projects are the client, contractors, material suppliers, and consultants such as the project supervisor. They play the most important roles in implementing construction projects, and their behavior has a significant impact on the project's performance. Because each participant has their own particular interests, by virtue of proprietary information advantage, each individual participant is driven to achieve maximum benefit, which can result in improper behavior with respect to each other. The risk of this resulting in moral hazard and adverse selection based on information asymmetry is called behavioral risk among principal construction participants. Behavior is affected by various risk factors; successful implementation of construction projects depends on effective management of the key risk factors. This paper identifies and ranks the critical behavioral risk factors from the perspective of principal construction participants in the Chinese construction industry. The data used for analysis is based on an interview and questionnaire survey. Factor analysis is conducted with the assistance of SPSS17.0. Forty-one potential behavioral risk factors are identified, with 30 of those being critical, including "client changes project objective or investment direction", "designer uses technological capability advantage to obtain profit", and others. These findings contribute to the understanding of risk management in the construction industry in China. They also serve as a useful reference for further studies on the subject.


The goal of hydrocarbon exploration is to find hydrocarbon accumulation in commercial quantities. When studying the proven oil reserves in Iraq (150 billion barrels) and the probable oil reserves (130 billion barrels) and a proven gas reserves (127 trillion cubic feet) and a probable gas reserves (275) trillion cubic feet, we find that such figures put on a huge task on future exploration requirements. The conversion of a large portion of the probable reserve into a proven reserve is a significant support to firstly to maximize the proven reserve and secondly to further consolidate the financial and economic situation of Iraq. The only way to do this is through a steady increase in drilling exploration wells from (2-3) wells annually at present to (10) wells annually at the very least, noting that the total geological structures are (530) structures, of which only (130) have been drilled during the last decade. Therefore, the remaining (400) structures in the light of the currentrate, Iraq needs more than (133) years to cover the required drilling .If the number of drilled wells is increased annually to (10) wells, the period will decrease to (40) years which seems a relatively reasonable period for significant strengthening of Iraqi hydrocarbon proven reserves before the possibility of finding alternatives to this energy in the future .This study focuses on selecting the preferred structures to be drilled depending on the different geological parameters such as minimum rate of risk, dimensions of structures, probable oil API and their total reserves. The study highlights some of the preferred structures for the location of exploratory wells by determining the different possible geological periods with high oil potential. according to tectonic division adapted by the Exploration Oil Company The study also suggests a few structures that are expected to be future giant reservoirs either by deeper drilling of the existing oil fields, taking into account the results of the latest exploration drilling in neighboring countries or in the deeper reservoirs of the inverted structures, besides revaluating some Iraq Oil Company (IPC) wells which suffer from the problem of old methods.


Objective: To improve curative effects of microsurgery on the ruptured intracranial aneurysms in the anterior circulation. Methods: Clinical data of 56 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms in the anterior circulation, who underwent microsurgery after the rupture, were analyzed retrospectively. Results: There were 61 aneurysms in 56 patients. Of 61 aneurysms, 45 were treated by clipping the neck of aneurysms,6 by resection of aneurysmal body after clipping the neck, and 10 by wrapping. There were hemiplegia in 1 patient because vascular occlusion after the operation 3 day. The following up for 1 month to 5 years showed that of 25 patients,17 were recovered well,2 mildly and severely disabled, 2 dead. Conclusions: The rerupture of aneurysms may be prevented by microsurgery after the rupture which is helpful to preventing and treating cerebraovsascular spasms, in the patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms in the anterior circulation. Expanding blood volume, elevating blood pressure, dilating vessel with drugs have good effects on cerebrovascular spasms.