The morphological characteristics of diatoms are useful for studying their taxonomy. However, the distinction between closely related diatom taxa can be very difficult, especially when the morphological characters are modified by environmental constraints. In the present study, 13 fresh water diatoms were identified morphologically and cultured under axenic conditions. To check this, PCR primers specific for multilocus genes were designed to amplify and screen 13 fresh water diatom monocultures. Multilocus PCR primers (DRR3, scfcpA, Lhcf11, SIT1, SIT3, SIT4, LOC101218388, COI‐5P, rbcL, rbcL‐3P, LSU D2/D3, UPA, psaA, and 18S rRNA) were tested. It was found that psaA gene, a plant pigment chlorophyll‐based PCR marker, amplified in all the diatoms. Out of 13 diatom amplicons, only two fresh water diatoms DNA were sequenced. This included Cyclotella meneghiniana and Sellaphora pupula. The Sanger sequencing results thus established that morphologically identified diatom, Sellaphora pupula, exhibited close phylogeny to Sellaphora whereas fresh water Cyclotella meneghiniana has close lineage to marine diatom Thallosiosira.


The Gerstel ChemSensor 4440A consists of a headspace autosampler that is directly coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The analysis time per sample is only 3 to 4 min. For multivariate data analysis the Infometrix' Pi rou et te pattern recognition software package is used to classify the data. This instrument was applied to the classifi cation of several different fruit fl avors. These fl avors typically contain large amounts of Propanediol and Ethanol as carrier. Introducing this chemical sensor into the routine analysis means, investigating both the qualitative (classifi cation) and quantitative (regression) chemical composition of different fl avors. In qualitative analysis, Soft Independent Modeling


In this note, we clarify the statement given in the above paper, claiming that the condition for state feedback stabilisation tends to necessity. Actually, it is possible to find examples for which the above-mentioned condition introduces a very weak conservatism and hence is not necessary. The source of the conservatism has been identified. Furthermore, we also realized that the condition could be substantially improved in terms of computation time. Therefore both the analysis and synthesis conditions are improved.


Background: Daily fatigue is a problem for many people because of its association with other illnesses. Maca has lately attracted considerable attention as a food for recovering from fatigue. Maca is high in benzyl glucosinolate which improves endurance capacity by preventing glycogen depletion. However, its effect on fatigue has not been investigated in clinical trials on humans. Objective: The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of maca supplements on reducing fatigue.Methods: This study evaluated the effect of the consumption of maca extract containing benzyl glucosinolate (9.6 mg/day) on fatigue in adult women. This randomized, placebo–controlled, parallel–group double–blind study enrolled 60 subjects who were allocated to consume maca extract or placebo for 4 weeks. A visual analogue scale (VAS) for fatigue was used to evaluate the results. Blood variables and adverse events were used to assess safety.Results: In both groups, the VAS of fatigue was decreased after 4 weeks compared with that before consumption. On stratification analysis, in subjects younger than 45 years, the VAS was significantly lower in the maca group, and the change between before and after supplementation was significantly larger in this group. Conclusions: It was suggested that intake of maca extract containing benzyl glucosinolate may have anti–fatigue effects in young women. So, maca supplements containing benzyl glucosinolate represent a food and drug candidate for reducing fatigue. Keywords: maca, Lepidium meyenii, benzyl glucosinolate, daily fatigue, visual analogue scale


The shift-by-wire switching device for manual input of switching commands for an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle in particular: - a housing in which a lever (1) pivotally mounted along a shift gate, - a first shift stop (7, 15) defined by a first housing-side stop (Tip-A, 7) and a displaceable means of a mechanical actuator stop (15) is formed on the shift lever and defining a first switch position (12), - a second shift stop (9, 16) by a second housing-side stop (Tip-B, 9) and a lever-side stop (16) is formed and which determines a second switching position (13), - a third switching stop (8, 17) by a third housing-side stop (P-position, 8) and a further lever-side stop is formed and determining a third switching position (14) (17 P-position), said shifting position (14) from the first switching position (12) by actuation of the mechanical actuation device (3, 4) and thus moving the stop (15) is reached.


Against the spiritual background of bhakti, Hindu devotees sing songs for the gods in different styles, languages and repertoires. Hindu religious vocal music has a variety of traditions such as bhajans,1) kīrtans,2) āratīs,3) and visnu pads.4) These kinds of vocal music might be generically named bhakti san4 gīt (bhakti music), although this is not a popular expression in North India. Samāj-gāyan, a tradition only seen in the Braj area of northern India, is also regarded as one of the bhakti san4 gīts. It is noteworthy for the remarkable characteristics of its singing form. It is sung in call-and-response style, with all the processes learned by heart, and the singing form is extremely complicated and systematic. Samāj-gāyan is a unique form of Indian musical tradition, both in terms of classical (Hindustani) music and folk music. This article examines the reasons for the development of such a specific system of singing as samāj-gāyan by analyzing its musical aspects and underlying religious thought. For as long as this singing has been practiced, the musical style must have embodied some religious necessity in itself. I conjecture that devotees have gradually developed this style of singing over a period of about 400 years, since the founders started samāj-gāyan in their temples, as an inevitable consequence of its religious and spiritual aspects, and that the special style of singing and the musical structure itself consequently functioned as educational and practical devices for handing down the samāj-gāyan tradition to the next generation. What follows is my analysis of the published texts of the songs, musical examples and other materials collected through fieldwork, and interviews with singers and devotees in temples where samāj-gāyan has been practiced. Fieldwork in India was conducted for 20 months in 1984 and 1985 and for 3 weeks each in 1986 and 1996.


In this work an efficient analysis tool for separation process design and property predic- tions is presented. ECOFAC can estimate pure com- pound and solution properties, specially some of en- vironmental interest, generate the best potential sol- vents for a specific liquid-liquid extraction or extrac- tive distillation problem through molecular design, or find the optimal operating conditions for a given supercritical extraction process.


We previously showed that treatment of mice with the Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) prevents development of lethal experimental cerebral malaria and inhibits parasitemia during Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the reduction of parasitemia in Flt3L‐treated mice. Studies using gene knockout mice and antibody treatment indicated that the anti‐parasitemia effect of Flt3L was mediated by innate immune system and was dependent on MyD88, IFN‐γ, IL‐12 and natural killer (NK) cells. The number of NK cells and their ability to produce IFN‐γ was enhanced in Flt3L‐treated mice. Phagocytic activity of splenocytes was increased in Flt3L‐treated mice after PbA infection when compared with that in untreated mice, and this activity was mainly mediated by the accumulation of F4/80midCD11b+ cells in the spleen. In both MyD88−/− and IFN‐γ−/− mice, the proportion of F4/80midCD11b+ cells was not increased in the spleen of Flt3L‐treated mice after infection. These correlations suggest that NK cells produce IFN‐γ in Flt3L‐treated mice, and accumulation of F4/80midCD11b+ cells in the spleen is promoted by an IFN‐γ ‐dependent manner, culminating in the inhibition of parasitemia. These findings imply that Flt3L promotes effective innate immunity against malaria infection mediated by interplay among varieties of innate immune cells.


Collagen and fibrin engagement and activation of glycoprotein (GP) VI induces proteolytic cleavage of the GPVI ectodomain generating shed soluble GPVI (sGPVI). Collagen‐mediated GPVI shedding requires intracellular signalling to release the sGPVI, mediated by A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10); however, the precise mechanism by which fibrin induces GPVI shedding remains elusive. Plasma sGPVI levels are elevated in patients with coagulopathies, sepsis, or inflammation and can predict onset of sepsis and sepsis‐related mortality; therefore, it is clinically important to understand the mechanisms of GPVI shedding under conditions of minimal collagen exposure.


This paper strives for a conceptualization of sustainability, design and contemporary consumption. By sketching out how effective production systems have created an abundance of products, the paper ...


The aim of the study was to determine the oxidative stress parameters as well as ceruloplasmin levels in sheep with toxoplasmosis. In order to investigate biochemical parameters, a total of 30 sheep were used in the study. According to ELISA test results, 20 sheep were infected with toxoplasmosis, while 10 healthy sheep sera had antibodies negative. Biochemical analysis included total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), nitric oxide (NO) and ceruloplasmin levels. TAC value was found to be statistically significantly lower, and TOC and OSI values were found to be higher in sheep with toxoplasmosis compared to those of the control group. NO and ceruloplasmin values were nonsignificantly. As a result, it was concluded from the data in the study that toxoplasmosis caused changes in oxidant and antioxidant capacity in sheep.


The synthesis of an unsaturated polyester resin with cyclohexane oxide was described. Compared with general UPE, the physico chemical performance of the product was good at resistance to acid alkali , heat resistant , mechanical properties, etc.


munication technologies have greatly increased the amount of data that can be accumulated on the state of "smart" infrastructure systems and the emergence of the "Internet of Things." The problem now appears to be not an absence of data but rather, a lack of actionable information.What this suggests is that improved decision-making for M&R investment (and other areas as well) will perhaps be found in better algorithms rather than more data. Mr. Vincent has much to say about both the history and ethics of measurement and he says it well but I wish he had written more about algorithms and their often very selective impact. Whether "Wins above replacement" tell us more about the value of a baseball player than their batting average is little more than a topic for tavern arguments; algorithms, that intentionally or not, redline minority neighborhoods or reduce the competitiveness of women in the workplace are unjust and indefensible. Although I would have liked to have seen more of what Mr. Vincent had to say about this, at the end of the day, I found Beyond Measure a treasure trove of useful and interesting information and came away with a greater appreciation of all the work that has gone before to make our world a more rational and comprehensible place.


Bacterial vaginosis is the most prevalent cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age. It can have a major impact on quality of life and psychological wellbeing if frequently recurrent and strongly symptomatic. The use of molecular techniques to study the vaginal microbiome is increasing our understanding of the dynamic changes in flora that occur in health and disease. It might soon be possible to separate into different pathogenic and Gardnerella non-pathogenic species. Many groups are studying compounds that can disrupt the biofilm which is dominated by and . Gardnerella Atopobium vaginae Several studies in the last decade support the concept of bacterial vaginosis as a sexually transmitted infection. Phillip Hay ( ) Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com Competing interests: The author has received payment and support from Bayer Consumer Healthcare and Starpharma to attend conferences. His unit has received payment from Starpharma for clinical trials. Hay P. 2017,  (F1000 Faculty Rev):1761 (doi: How to cite this article: Bacterial vaginosis [version 1; referees: 2 approved] F1000Research 6 ) 10.12688/f1000research.11417.1 © 2017 Hay P. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the , which permits Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution Licence unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Grant information: 27 Sep 2017,  (F1000 Faculty Rev):1761 (doi: ) First published: 6 10.12688/f1000research.11417.1 1


The 12S rRNA sequences were amplified in 3 varieties(strains) (Egypt strain,America strain and Gift strain) of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus),Blue tilapia(O. aureus) and Blue-Gift tilapia(Blue tilapia♀×Gift♂) by PCR and directly sequenced.Combined with homologous Oreochromis niloticus 12S rRNA gene from Genbank,6 sequences were compared and analyzed.The results showed that there was only one site difference among 3 strains of Nile tilapias and homologous sequence from Genbank,and there was also one site difference between Blue tilapia and Blue-Gift tilapia.However,there were 14 variable sites between 3 strains of Nile tilapias and Blue tilapia.This comparison results was in accordance with the maternal inheritance characteristic of mtDNA.It also indicated that 12S rRNA was quite conserved in 5 varieties(strains) tilapias.There was still some genetic diversity between Nile and Blue tilapia,but the 12S rRNA sequences of 3 strains of Nile tilapias were almost identical,thereby the 12S rRNA sequence was not suitable for intra-species genetic diversity analysis in tilapias.PCR amplicons of 12S rRNA were digested by restriction endonucleases selected,the endonucleases BglⅡwas demonstrated to be reliable in Nile tilapia and Blue tilapia identification.


We analyze the problem of call-type classification using data that is weakly labelled. The training data is not systematically annotated, but we consider we have a weak or lazy oracle able to answer the question "Is sample x of class q?" by a simple 'yes' or 'no' answer. This situation of learning might be encountered in many real-world problems where the cost of labelling data is very high. We prove that it is possible to learn linear classifiers in this setting, by estimating adequate expectations inspired by the Multiclass Bandit paradgim. We propose a learning strategy that builds on Kessler's construction to learn multiclass perceptrons. We test our learning procedure against two real-world datasets from spoken langage understanding and provide compelling results.


Accurately detecting student behavior in classroom videos can aid in analyzing their classroom performance and improving teaching effectiveness. However, the current accuracy rate in behavior detection is low. To address this challenge, we propose the Student Classroom Behavior Detection system based on based on YOLOv7-BRA (YOLOv7 with Bi-level Routing Attention ). We identified eight different behavior patterns, including standing, sitting, speaking, listening, walking, raising hands, reading, and writing. We constructed a dataset, which contained 11,248 labels and 4,001 images, with an emphasis on the common behavior of raising hands in a classroom setting (Student Classroom Behavior dataset, SCB-Dataset). To improve detection accuracy, we added the biformer attention module to the YOLOv7 network. Finally, we fused the results from YOLOv7 CrowdHuman, SlowFast, and DeepSort models to obtain student classroom behavior data. We conducted experiments on the SCB-Dataset, and YOLOv7-BRA achieved an email@example.com of 87.1%, resulting in a 2.2% improvement over previous results. Our SCB-dataset can be downloaded from: https://github.com/Whiffe/SCB-datase


Solving large non-negatively constrained least squares systems is frequently used in the physical sciences to estimate model parameters which best fit experimental data. Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC) is an important hydrodynamic experimental technique used in biophysics to characterize macromolecules and to determine parameters such as molecular weight and shape. We previously developed a parallel divide and conquer method to facilitate solving the large systems obtained from AUC experiments. New AUC instruments equipped with multi-wavelength (MWL) detectors have recently increased the data sizes by three orders of magnitude. Analyzing the MWL data requires significant compute resources. To better utilize these resources, we introduce a procedure allowing the researcher to optimize the divide and conquer scheme along a continuum from minimum wall time to minimum compute service units. We achieve our results by implementing a preprocessing stage performed on a local workstation before job submission.


The Biomass Regional Feedstock Partnership has identified grasslands planted under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) as a potential source for herbaceous bioenergy feedstock. The goal of this project is to assess the yield potential of CRP grasslands across diverse regions. Consistent with that goal, the objective of this project was to establish yield potential and quality parameters for several different CRP grasslands, representative of different growing environments. Standard field scale agricultural practices were used as management guidelines at each location. The test locations were identified and established based on known regions containing concentrated tracts of CRP grassland and represented variable climatic parameters and production histories. Biomass production potential for CRP land dominated by either warm‐ or cool‐season grass mixtures in each location was evaluated over the course of three growing seasons (2008, 2009, and 2010). Specifically, a mixture of warm‐season perennial grasses was evaluated in North Dakota, Kansas, and Oklahoma, while a cool‐season mixture was evaluated in Montana, Georgia, and Missouri. Maximum biomass yields for the three warm‐season CRP sites ranged from 4.0 to 7.2 Mg ha−1 and for the three cool‐season CRP sites 3.4–6.0 Mg ha−1. Our results demonstrate that CRP grassland has potential as a bioenergy feedstock resource if the appropriate management practices are followed.


ABSTRACT
 This work details a science experiment on garlic's antibiotic properties designed to acquaint high school and introductory-level undergraduate students with concepts such as natural antibiotics, bioactive substances, and biosafety. This activity is optimized to be implemented by teachers with limited experience in laboratory activities and/or in poorly equipped schools. A list of materials is provided, along with safety and procedural instructions, discussion topics, and assessment suggestions.


One of the major factors plaguing the performance of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is the presence of signal-dependent speckle noise. Grainy in appearance, speckle noise is primarily due to the phase fluctuations of the electromagnetic return signals. Since inherent spatial-correlation characteristics of speckle in SAR images are not exploited in existing multiplicative models for speckle noise, a new approach is proposed here that provides a new mathematical framework for modeling and reduction of speckle noise. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, a novel model for speckled SAR imagery is introduced based on Markov random fields (MRFs) in conjunction with statistical optics. Second, utilizing the model, a global energy-minimization algorithm, based on simulated annealing (SA), is introduced for speckle reduction. In particular, the joint conditional probability density function (cpdf) of the intensity of any two points in the speckled image and the associated correlation function are used to derive the cpdf of any center pixel intensity given its four neighbors. The Hammersley- Clifford theorem is then used to derive the energy function associated with the MRF. The SA, built on the Metropolis sampler, is employed for speckle reduction. Four metrics are used to assess the quality of the speckle reduction: the mean-square error, SNR, an edge-preservation parameter and the equivalent number of looks. A comparative study using both simulated speckled images as well as real SAR images indicates that the proposed approach performs favorably in comparison to existing filtering techniques such as the modified-Lee and the enhanced Frost-algorithms.


MnO2 thin films have been prepared by thermal evaporation technique onto glass substrate at varying deposition pressure. Electrical studies of the films deposited at about 1.5 X 10-5 Torr show a positive TCR indicating metallic characteristics, whereas a negative TCR indicating semiconducting behavior exhibit on the films deposited at a pressure of about 3.0 X 10-6 Torr. Thickness dependent electrical conductivity, activation energy, and aging effect were also carried out. Optical measurements in the wavelength range 0.3 < (lambda) < 2.5 micrometers show the films highly transparent in the visible. These studies may be of importance for the application of this material in surface coating for energy efficient devices.


A two-step method was proposed to identify the damage of the simply supported beam bridge with multiple girders.The method identifies the structure damage using the modal curvature difference and the neural network technique to avoid the disadvantages of each single method.A numerical example was provided for a simply supported T beam bridge with five girders to verify the feasibility of the method,and the results show that this two-step method is effective to locate damage and evaluate the damage degree.


- Planning a shrewd framework for loading the ration goods into the container is one of the significant objectives in the mission of smart city advancement in India. This optimal container loading system is designed for the arrangement of ration goods into the container using Modified Forest Optimization algorithm for safe and secure delivery. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been demonstrated using BR datasets and compared with different optimization algorithms. From the experiment, it is observed that the proposed Modified Forest Optimization algorithm is implemented in java meets the objective of loading the ration items into the container in an optimal fashion. Further, it is observed that the order of arrangement predicted by the proposed algorithm is found to be optimal than other competitive optimization algorithms..


OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanisms of drug resistance in breast cancer patients and the clinical biological datas.The correlations among five kinds of multidrug resistance(MDR)related markers were also analyzed.METHODS:The expressions of P-glycoprotein(P-gP),Glutsthione-S-transferases-π(GST-π),multidrug related protein(MRP),O6-methyl-guanine-DNA methyltransferase(MGMT)and lung resistance protein(LRP)were studied in 64 samples of breast cancer by flow cytometry and their clinical significance was analyzed by SPSS 10.0.RESULTS:There were expressions of P-gp,GST-π,LRP,MGMT,MRP in breast cancer tissues.The expressions of P-gP and GST-π were higher in petients with lymph node metastasis(P=0.007 and P=0.031,respectively).The expression of MGMT was higher in patients of ages 50,P=0.018.The levels of GST-π,MRP and MGMT were higher in patients with larger tumor size(P=0.042,0.000 and 0.015,respectively).The expressions of five kinds of MDR genes had no significant differences between estrogen receptor(ER)positive and ER negative groups and also between progesten receptor(PR)positive and PR negative groups.Among five kinds of MDR related markers,there were positive correlations between P-gP and GST-π expressions and between LRP and MRP expressions(r=0.66,P=0.000,r=0.434,P=0.004,respectively).CONCLUSIONS The expressions of drug resistance proteines in breast cancer tissues are related to larger tumor size,age 50,lymph node metastasis,which may suggests that the higher expression of MDR genes may be a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer patients.There are coexpressions among five kinds of MDR related proteins.


Recent studies in Canada and the United States have shown that chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is both safe and accurate, with a fetal loss rate likely slightly higher than that of amniocentesis but still at an acceptable level (1%). Although CVS may become the dominant prenatal diagnosis procedure, it is unlikely that it will completely replace amniocentesis. The two procedures are essentially complementary in the provision of prenatal diagnosis in the first and second trimesters.


Literary reading is an important activity for individuals and choosing to read a book can be a long time commitment, making book choice an important task for book lovers and public library users. In this paper we present an hybrid recommendation system to help readers decide which book to read next. We study book and author recommendation in an hybrid recommendation setting and test our approach in the LitRec data set. Our hybrid book recommendation approach purposed combines two item-based collaborative filtering algorithms to predict books and authors that the user will like. Author predictions are expanded in to a book list that is subsequently aggregated with the former list generated through the initial collaborative recommender. Finally, the resulting book list is used to yield the top-n book recommendations. By means of various experiments, we demonstrate that author recommendation can improve overall book recommendation.


In order to explore the influence of modern media on tourism industry development of Mount Tai and the interrelation between them,the boost effect of modern media on development of tourist industry of Mount Tai was studied.The results showed that the modern media provided a good platform for healthy development of Mount Tai tourism industry.The platform included the following content,modern media provided development and information service to tourism industry,promoted the integration of various elements in tourism industry,played a supervision and restraint and standardization.The sustainable development strategies promoting the healthy development of the tourism industry of Mount Tai were put forward including media promoted tourism,transfering information for tourism,cultivating modern media talents and speeding up the informatization construction.Modern media and tourism industry development promoted mutually and developped harmoniously.


Objective To analyze the preliminary short-term outcome, especially the effect on cognitive function, and the safety of stenting for intracranial artery stenosis. Methods Patients with intracranial artery stenting were monitored by transcranial Doppler sonography(TCD), mini-mental state examination(MMSE) and P300 before and 1, 3 and 6 months after stenting. Results Total 52 patients with atherosclerotic intracranial artery stenosis were enrolled in our study. 24 stenosis in M1 segment of middle cerebral artery and 28 in intracranial vertebral artery. Technical success was achieved in all patients, with no procedure associated complications. The residual stenosis(7%±5%) after stenting reduced signific antly compared with pre-procedure stenosis(7 ±10% . At 1, 3 and 6 months after stenting, the scores of MMSE were signific antly higher and the latent phase of P300 were shortened signif icantly (P0.01), especially at 6 months. The patients had no recurrent transient ischemia attach or stroke, and TCD revealed no restenosis during 6 months follow-up. Conclusion Stenting of intracranial artery stenosis may be safe, feasible and favorable for decreasing ischemic events and improving cognitive function during short-term follow-up. But the effect of long-term will be studied further.


Aim:  The liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway is a major regulator of skeletal muscle metabolic processes. During exercise, LKB1‐mediated phosphorylation of AMPK leads to its activation, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose transport, among other effects. The roles of LKB1 and AMPK have not been fully characterized in the diaphragm.


Abstract An expeditious solventless approach for the synthesis of pyrazolino[3,4-d]/isoxazolino[3,4-d]/pyrano[2,3-d]/iminopyrimidino[4,5-d]/thioxopyrimidino[4,5-d]/thiazino[5,4-d] pyrimidines from 2-thiobarbituric acid using supported reagents (acidic/basic alumina) under microwave irradiation (MWI) is described. The reaction times were brought down from hours to minutes with yield enhancement. Also the procedure highlights the versatility of solid supports.


A stochastic meshless method is presented for solving boundary-value problems in damage mechanics under elastic-plastic conditions that involves random material properties. Material is assumed to have an initial damage, which follows a lognormal filed. An isotropic unified damage law, formulated by Lemaitre is used in this study. A meshless formulation based on element free Galerkin method (EFGM) is developed to predict stochastic structural response. A scaled matrix approach is used for applying the essential boundary conditions in EFGM. The proposed method is based on perturbation technique. First order perturbation technique for damage growth in an elastic plastic analysis is formulated. Newton-Raphson algorithm is used to solve for material nonlinearity. A numerical example is solved to study the effect of random initial damage in the structural response and further damage growth. Monte Carlo technique is used to validate the proposed method.© 2008 ASME


DEAR Sm, Recently when analysing data from a census of psychiatric day-patients in South Glamorgan I looked at the official statistics on day-patients and found them rather confusing (DHSS, 1980; Welsh Office, 1981). The main problem is that the numbers of †̃¿ places allocated' at day hospitals in general bear little relationship to the numbers †̃¿ attending on the last full working day of the year' or to the average daily attendance calculated by dividing the total annual attendance by 250 (assuming a 5-day week and allow ing 10 days for holidays). The figures for day places are suspiciously rounded and substantially larger than those for daily attendance, which on the face of it seems to suggest that day hospitals are much under used. The problem probably lies with the ambiguous notion of a †̃¿ day place'. The number of places a day hospital can offer during a week will of course vary according to the frequency with which patients attend, e.g. for a unit offering a maximum of 20 places a day it could vary from 20, if each patient attended on all 5 days of a working week to 100, if each attended only once, and the official statistics are probably meant to take account of this. At any rate they refer to places allocated on "¿ the last full working day of the year―(presumably intended to be the same number as on any other day) i.e. to the daily allocation of places. Even so this may not be a very accurate notion in the minds of day hospital staff who have to make the returns. For example, the Tegfan Day Hospital in Cardiff was built to take 200 patients and does take 200—230a week. However, since the frequency of patients' daily attendance varies so does the daily total vary and the daily average is somewhere around 155; to take a maximum of 200 a day would be well beyond our resources. The statistic we have in fact returned to the Welsh Office for the last working day of 1979 is 200 and in this we are doubtless at fault; in mitigation we would say that only a notional figure could have been given, while admitting that a figure around 150 would have been less erroneous. Judging from published statistics, determining what is meant by †̃¿ places allocated' has been a problem to other hospitals as well, and it may be that the average daily attendance would be a better estimate of the daily number of places actually available. In addition I wonder whether the choice of †̃¿ the last full working day of the year' is a good one. Day attendances around Christmas and the New Year are probably not as good as at other times. The figures for most regions for the last day are in fact substantially less than those for the average daily attendance for the whole year.


On the basis of the characteristics of civil engineering of Shenyang Jianzhu University and the education aim of serving for construction fields,this paper introduced the construction of the course of Polymeric Composites,including course background,characteristics,course contents,teaching measurements,and so on.In addition,some problems existing in this course were mentioned and some corresponding solution methods were discussed as well.This paper will be beneficial to the construction of related courses in the civil-engineering universities.


SUMMARY Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are consistently high users of health care services. They need continuous medication, frequent follow up visits, while their life expectancy is normal. One major parameter, which creeps into the assessment of quality of care, is organization of health care system. However, relatively little research exists on the characteristics and the organization of an ideal health care system which will effectively satisfy the needs of the chronically ill patient. Regarding money spent on chronic illnesses in terms of societal costs, IBD is less costly than, for example, coronary diseases, since loss of work hours, disability, or early death are less common. In terms of pure economic costs, IBD patients can be more costly than other chronic patients depending on age of disease onset and severity of illness. Crohnis disease patients consider cost aspects as an important element of quality more than ulcerative colitis patients do. Standard framework for the assessment of quality of care remains Donabedianis approach according to the Structure-Process-Outcome characterization. Lack of information is associated with more disease related worries and concerns of patients and, accordingly, with decreased quality of life. Finally, the patientis perception about high quality health care and his/ her satisfaction as a iconsumeri of health care services are extremely important issues for assessing quality of health care.


Abstract : The primary purpose of this thesis was to provide a method of checking the geometry and element connectivity input data for two finite element programs, ADINA and SAP IV. This preprocessor will accept the ADINA or SAP IV data deck, with minor modifications, and generate a graphical display of the finite element model. The display is an oblique orthographic projection, and any orientation may be specified. Several options are available: exploded plots, partial plots, node numbering, element numbering, and others. Elements with three nodes on the same edge are plotted with a continuous curve on each edge generated by an interpolated parabola. Displacement postprocessing capability also exists. (Author)


Waste Management activities at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) involve a broad range of effort. There are requirements for daily processing of both liquid and solid radioactive and chemical wastes using a variety of technical operations. Approximately 4.5 x 10/sup 7/ l/y of liquids and 9 x 10/sup 3/ m/sup 3//y of solids are processed by the Waste Management Group of the LASL. In addition, a vigorous program of research, development, and demonstration studies leading to improved methods of waste treatment is also carried out within the same group. The current developmental studies involve incineration of transuranic-contaminated combustible wastes as well as other waste management aspects of alpha emitting transuranic (TRU) isotopes.


In this paper, the fault classification problem for waste heat recovery system based on support vector machine (SVM) is investigated. Firstly, two-class SVM classification algorithm is reviewed. Then the model and six kinds of faults in waste heat recovery systems (WHRSs) are briefly described. In order to effectively isolate these faults in WHRSs, key features are extracted using principal component analysis (PCA), the multi-class classification problem is then decomposed into five two-class classifiers by using improved one-against-rest approach. Consequently, the SVM classifiers are designed to train and test samples by using collected process variables. The comparison between SVM and back-propagation neural networks applied to a WHRS is discussed. Simulation results demonstrate that SVM can obtain better fault diagnosis performance.


In this paper, we are dealing with piecewise smooth vector fields in a 2D-manifold. In such a scenario, the main goal of this paper is to exhibit the homeomorphism that gives the topological equivalence between a codimension one piecewise smooth vector field and the respective C0-normal form.


Regional energy managers and decision-makers face a world where climate change is introducing uncertainty over future power generation, as well as financial impacts from potential carbon taxation. A unique opportunity to explore is the rising interest in hydropower substitution with renewable resources, either to promote ecosystem services such as increasing the survivability of migratory fish or mitigating future loss of generation due to severe drought conditions. To address these concerns, a case study of the Columbia River Basin was conducted to evaluate the substitution of four Lower Snake River dams. A multistage methodology was chosen to evaluate grid adequacy, climate change performance, and the implications of tax uncertainty on the substitution portfolios. A specialized energy model was used to provide the adequacy and input for a Monte Carlo simulation to test the impact of an uncertain tax. The outcome is a carbon tax strategy region that suggests preferences under different taxes for risk-averse decision makers, alongside adequacy and climate metrics. We conclude that policymakers should consider a carbon tax between $86 and $132 to incentivize a portfolio that marginally reduces emissions compared to the pre-dam removal baseline or a tax greater than $135 to incentivize another portfolio that significantly reduces emissions. This study makes three important contributions: (1) it provides a methodology for evaluating electricity generating portfolios in the presence of a carbon tax, (2) it evaluates adequacy metrics for technology substitutions with intermittent alternatives and climate change impacts, and (3) it offers specific guidance for energy policy making.


"Therefore, since we are justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ." The mar ginal reference has: "Many ancient authorities read let us". While keenly appreciating the many improvements in this newly revised version of the New Testament, I am disappointed that the revisers did not correct the Standard Version in Romans 5:1. One feels at a loss to understand why such profound scholars fail to accept the overwhelm ing evidence in favor of "let us enjoy peace."


A communication controlling method in a dual transmission mode, and a device and a system thereof are provided to improve usage efficiency of network resources, and to enhance transmission rates. An audio processor(130) collects voice signals transceived during a voice call. A data generator generates data transceived based on a dual transmission mode. An RF(Radio Frequency) unit(110) transmits the voice signals and the data to another portable terminal. If voice signal collection does not exist, a controller(170) controls so that slots allocated for voice signal transmission are included when the data is transmitted. A voice processor of the controller converts the voice signals into voice information for allocation to the slots based on the dual transmission mode, and converts the voice information into voice signals.


The important role of provincial public health Office, is developing the potential of consumer to the full extent. The objective of this survey research was to assess information on consumer's knowledge attiude and behavior in order to develop relevant guidelines and policies. In all, 302 people were intervirwed by health workers using questionnaires in all levels of the public health facilities, in January 2008. The results showed that 31.00 percent of subjects livied in urban area, 56.00 percent of the subjects were female, aged 37 years (SD = 12.6) on average and married (51.30%). The overall attiudes of consumers were not satisfied with consumer protection. In term of the knowledge of people in health consumer protection it was classified as at a good level with an average score of 88.32 (S.D.=3.2805). for the right behaviors of consumption of people, it was revealed that consumers had limited right behavior with score of 2.05 (56.00%) which required improvements. Key words: behaviors, consumer, and health consumer protection


Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia is a very rare benign disease and usually shows consolidation on chest X-ray with symptoms of pneumonia due to the proliferation of lymphoid cells in the lung parenchyma. It is common for patients to be diagnosed with pneumonia and treated with antibiotics, but patients often enter a cycle of repeated improvement, followed by aggravation of symptoms. At this point, surgical diagnostic tools are considered in order to differentiate between malignant disease and interstitial lung disease. Here, we report 2 cases of patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia and review the associated references.


The capsule networks (CapsNet) is a promising domain in deep learning, which can effectively solve the fatal shortcomings of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), that is, the lack of the capability to represent the spatial relationship within feature map and the ability to encode corresponding positions. Yet its true potential is not fully realized thus far. Almost all kinds of CapsNet models, even if they only contain a few capsule layers, the model parameters have risen to the order of several million, which means that huge computer resources and training time are required. In this paper, we propose Multi-Head Self-Attention Capsule Network (MA-CapsNet) to address these drawbacks above. We design a lateral inhibition scheme to highlight the target capsule. Compared with other CapsNet, we use multi-head self-attention to route capsules, instead of the recently popular tensor convolution routing and the old-fashion iterative routing, which reduces the parameters of the entire CapsNet to about 19k, less than 0.3% of the original CapsNet proposed by Hinton. Our routing mechanism strengthens the model's ability to focus on different positions in feature maps and expands the representation subspace of the attention layer. With MA-CapsNet, we surpass the state-of-the-art results in the field of CapsNet on MNIST, FashionMNIST, SmallNORB with least model parameters.


The UN High-Level Panel on System Wide Coherence is to explore how the United Nations system can work more coherently and effectively in the areas of environment, development and humanitarian assistance. Regarding environmental issues, the Panel has focused on: mainstreaming environment in development decision-making; the institutional framework for the UN system's environment activities; coherence in the UN's normative work in the field of environment. To inspire meaningful changes in the area of environment, the Panel should focus on making sustainable development an overarching principle of UN activities, clustering of multinational environmental agreements and significantly strengthening UNEP.


The general requirements for healthy communities are to maintain the coordinated and balanced development of healthy environment,health services,healthy residents and healthy society.However, there exist three imbalances in constructing healthy communities in Changshu City.First,compared with the strong promotion of the government,fewer residents are involved in.Second,"hard wares" are better than "soft wares" in terms of healthy environment.Third,there exist the imbalances between community prevention and treatment,fitness facilities and health services.This paper suggests some measures to promote the coordinated development of healthy communities.


Book file PDF easily for everyone and every device. You can download and read online Theodicy file PDF Book only if you are registered here. And also you can download or read online all Book PDF file that related with Theodicy book. Happy reading Theodicy Bookeveryone. Download file Free Book PDF Theodicy at Complete PDF Library. This Book have some digital formats such us :paperbook, ebook, kindle, epub, fb2 and another formats. Here is The Complete PDF Book Library. It's free to register here to get Book file PDF Theodicy.


The present study evaluates the utility of biohazard precautions labels for identifying biological samples of patients with probable severe transmissible infectious diseases. The study was performed in a total of 633 patients in the emergency department of a General Hospital. In an anonymous way we determine the presence or absence of serological markers of HIV and hepatitis B infection (HBsAg) and we evaluated the labeling of the sample. Our results demonstrate the very low usefulness of this common procedure: a total of 54.5% of HIV positive patients and 87.5% of those positive to HBsAg were not marked correctly. We discuss the necessity of using universal precautions instead of labeling samples in the current way.


According to the increasing modeling problems for irregular curved roof surface,the paper introduces the choice of concrete construction plan of the complicated curved netting roofing,and the technological procedure of the main structure sheaf.It also provides solutions of complicated modeling roof,which is to sketch the outline of the wave-roofing by employing wire frame,and then to lay ALC roof board on wire frame,following by the lay slope troweling layer,waterproofing layer etc.This project solves the high cost,difficulty on controlling the elevations,and weak modeling quality for formwork support.


This document describes how to transfer Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
messages over AF_VSOCK sockets. This allows RPC services such as
Network File System (NFS) to operate over AF_VSOCK.


New concepts such as the functional separation of call control from bearer control have been applied in the design of signalling protocols for B-ISDN, in order to support advanced multiparty multimedia communications in a flexible and efficient manner. This results in a need for a new set of performance measures to describe the network performance objective of the B-ISDN signalling network. This paper addresses issues in the development of performance parameters for the B-ISDN signalling network. Based on a new message flow model, we propose an approach to excluding user-response times from the overall processing delay of a confirmed service request, in a multiparty communication environment.<<ETX>>


Propagating house plants: for amateur and commercial use , Propagating house plants: for amateur and commercial use , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


Aim: To evaluate management trends of severe preeclampsia in Critical care unit. Method and Materials: A retrospective observational study was conducted over a period of five years from January 2010 to February 2015 in obstetrics Critical Care Unit of Bharati hospital and Research centre, Pune. Severe preeclampsia patient's data like age, gestational age, presenting complaints, obstetric history and drug prescription pattern were collected in severe preeclampsia patient profile form. Result: The incidence of severe preeclampsia in critical care was 0.34%. Highest incidence of severe preeclampsia was observed in age group of 18-22 years (50.0%) with gestational age of 31-35 weeks (37.5%) and in primigravida patients (57.5%). A majority of patients were on combination therapy of antihypertensive drugs (75.8 %) and the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive was Labetalol (57.6 %). Anticonvulsants were given for prevention and management of Eclampsia as monotherapy (85.7%) and combinational therapy (14.3%) and the most common anticonvulsant drug used was given MgSO4. Conclusion: Severe preeclampsia & its complications were treated with antihypertensives, anticonvulsants, blood Products, Vitamin K and Mannitol. Most common antihypertensive drugs used were intravenous (IV) labetalol & oral nifedipine. Labetalol was the most commonly prescribed antihypertensives in Monotherapy and combination therapy. Commonly used anticonvulsant was Magnesium sulphate.


The metallic artifacts from Catalhoyuk are of particular importance
as they constitute some of the earliest examples
known. Metal inds have been recovered from as early as
Level IX (South K), spanning to Level II, with VII and VI
(South M-O) being the most productive (Mellaart 1964, 111).
Radiocarbon dating of the archaeological sequence at Catalhoyuk
suggests an occupation phase from c.7400–6200 cal
BC, which was further reined by a programme of AMS radiocarbon
dating to the range c.7400–5600 BC (Bronk Ramsey
et al. 2009; Cessford 2001; 2005c; Mellaart 1964). The
concentration of metallic inds from Levels South M-O has
been dated to c.6600–6450 BC. Despite receiving a great deal
of attention, very little research has been conducted on these
inds (Neuninger et al. 1964; Sperl 1990).
Starting a new approach, three Neolithic copper-based
artifacts from recent excavations were selected for further
investigation. Before introducing the study of these artifacts,
a brief overview will be presented of evidence for early metallurgy
in Anatolia in order to contextualize the inds from
Catalhoyuk. The inds from Mellaart's excavations will be
reviewed before introducing those resulting from recent excavations.
Finally, the preliminary investigation into the three
copper-based artifacts will be presented with a discussion of
the results.


Existing in thought or as an idea bit not having a physical existence. AGENT An ITEM, but most often a PERSON, or ORGANIZATION, providing a SERVICE or taking a role in an EVENT. COLLECTION A grouping of ITEMS, as defined by an AGENT, that needs to be managed or operated upon together. ITEM An individual article or unit, especially one that is part of a list, collection, or set [1]. RESOURCE ITEM that can be drawn on by an AGENT to produce a benefit. 304 CITY VOL. 22, NO. 2


Cesarean section is the most common surgical procedure performed in the United States. The type of anesthetic chosen for cesarean section depends upon the indication for surgery, maternal coexisting disease, maternal preference, and the judgment of the anesthesiologist. Initially, every cesarean section was performed during general anesthesia. Only in 1973 was it shown that labor epidural analgesia could be extended for cesarean section. Anesthesiologists were worried that epidural anesthesia would be inadequate for the procedure. Clearly this notion has changed. In fact, anesthesia for cesarean section has undergone numerous changes within the past decade. There have been changes in personnel, risks, technique, concepts, concurrent disease, and medications. It is upon these changes that this chapter is focused. CHANGE IN PERSONNEL Obstetric anesthesia is a subspecialty of anesthesia dedicated to the care of the parturient during labor and delivery. While no formal board certification exists in obstetric anesthesia, the majority of people who practice it have chosen to do additional training in the area. In 1981, a national survey was completed to gain a better understanding of who was performing obstetric anesthesia. Two copies of a questionnaire were sent to the administrator of 1200 hospitals selected by stratified randomized sample. The questionnaires were to be completed by the chief of obstetrics and the chief of anesthesia. In 1981, 32% of patients received no anesthesia for labor. Anesthesiologists administered the epidural analgesia in 70% of the hospitals where the number of births was >1,500/y, 61% where the number of births was 500 to 1,499, and only 35% where the number of births was <500. If it wasn't the anesthesiologist who was performing the Correspondence: 3400 Spruce Street Philadelphia, PA 19104, E-mail: email@example.com CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY Volume 46, Number 3, 646–656 © 2003, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.


Tarakli houses are one of the important examples of traditional architecture. Taraklıis an important city as a cultural heritage with its traditional life style, nature, architectural style that is formed according to the purpose of traditional houses, materials used and the carrying systems of houses depending on this material.The protection of the Tarakli houses which are accepted nationally and internationally, the investments made for the culture and tourism made to the city, the rapid increase of the urban population, the conversion of the livable spaces into other places functionally and therefore the change of the urban rent, the problems of planning natural disaster risk here is the continuation of the continuity of cultural and traditional structures safe it is an important for sustainable influence in transferring it to future generations in a way. This study aimed to examine the original civil architecture with the factors causing deterioration occurring over time in the homes of carrier systems of the traditional Taraklı Houses and the materials used.


Navy shipboard power systems have different characteristics when compared to utility power systems. To conduct system studies on shipboard power systems, an effective simulation tool is required to model shipboard electric power systems. PSpice is a very powerful tool for analog/digital circuit simulation, but it is rarely used for power systems. This paper presents modeling shipboard power systems with PSpice. The detailed model for system components like generators, cables, loads, etc. are provided. Transient simulation results are presented.


Power systems are in a phase of automation where intelligent components and sub-systems are employed to monitor, control and manage the grid. Quantifying the complex consequences on system reliabil ...


A significant factor for properly designing the protection scheme of a microgrid is the fault current contribution from the converter-interfaced distributed energy resources (CI-DERs). The fault current direction and magnitude is difficult to be defined, since the currents injected by the CI-DERs affect it considerably. The fault situation is even more complicated, considering the case of islanded looped microgrids with conventional protection devices. In such microgrids, all protection devices are settled to the same rated current. In order to overcome these issues, this paper proposes a new method for detecting and clearing faults, without utilizing any communication means. The fault identification process is carried out by measuring indirectly the microgrid impedance, while each CI-DER adapts the internal control method and injects a fault current proportional to the sensed impedance. Therefore, the source being closer to the fault injects relatively larger currents enabling the selective coordination of conventional protection devices. In order to enhance even more the selective cooridnation of the protection devices, a time delay is also incorporated in the fault control. The proposed strategy is validated in a looped microgrid, protected by simple overcurrent relays.


Ask any golf course superintendent what the most difficult part of his job is and more often than not he will say maintenance of the greens. This is an intricate and delicate task that requires patience, time and money. But what goes into the construction of this most important part of the golf course? Often the secret to maintaining world-class greens lies in their construction.


Worldwide the rising incidence of cancer is attributed to ageing populations, environmental and lifestyle factors, and increased cancer surveillance. Cancer surveillance leads to increased early detection of indolent cancers, and in some cases to cancer 'overdiagnosis'.1 In the thyroid, the increased incidence of thyroid cancer and cancer detection is primarily due to widespread use of thyroid ultrasound.2 This excess of newly diagnosed thyroid cancers occurs almost entirely because of greater detection of papillary thyroid cancers, a tumour which under the microscope shows a characteristic papillary growth pattern together with typical nuclear features. Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) is one of two major subtypes of papillary thyroid cancer. The encapsulated type of FVPTC (eFVPTC), a tumour that under the microscope shows no invasion of surrounding thyroid, blood vessels or lymphatics, has increased in incidence 2–3 times over the last 20–30 years. eFVPTC is now estimated …


No surgeon can observe and treat many patients with cancer without realizing the tremendous emotional impact of the word "cancer" itself upon its victims. Major nonmalignant disorders, regardless of the associated mortality rate, seldom, if ever, evoke the same quality of anxiety as that produced by cancer. This anxiety is an inherent feature of the disease, and is a vital consideration in the total care of these patients. The modern surgeon who is genuinely interested in giving patients with cancer the most effective treatment possible should possess, in addition to surgical knowledge and skill, a familiarity not only with the uses and limitations of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but also with the more common psychological problems with which these patients are confronted. An understanding of even the elementary principles of psychotherapy would help us to make better use of that nebulous quality called the "art of medicine" and thus to afford


The present paper analyzes and compares the involvement of Romanian NGOs versus Australian NGOs, assuming that, although these two countries are very different, Romanian Non-Governmental Organizations might benefit from the experience and involvement of Australian NGOs. This study depicts the journeys made by Romanians during 2008-2014, which reveal that most of them are traveling within the European Union and very, few to Australia. The main NGOs in Australia, which take measures of protecting natural resources that attract tourists and are actively involved in promoting them and continuous visitors' education, are presented herein. Through interactive programs, NGOs can act as tourist entertainers, which brings them into contact with many tourists, either Romanian or foreign. This represents, as well, a means of earning money, which are to be later invested into environment protection projects.


Social enterprise is not immune from fraud. As social enterprise is growing, there are some risks of fraud occurrance. Therefore, the purpose of this paper are to discuss types of frauds risks in Indonesian social enterprise and the effective ways to prevent it. This study used case study in one of social enterprise in Indonesia, that is at Panggungharjo, Indonesia. Panggungharjo has Village-owned Enterprise that manage waste management as its social business. The finding of this study indicates that there are three types of fraud occurred in Indonesian social enterprise. These types of fraud could be prevented by engaging community in decision making and monitoring process which are known as participative social governance. This study argue that participative social governence is more effective in fraud prevention rather than external audit and monitoring. The study will be useful for scholars, policy makers and regulators who are interested in Indonesian social enterprise.


Shaanxi province faces more challenges than opportunities after China' s entry WTO. Main corn production in Shaanxi province lacks comparative advantages, so its market competition is low. Whereas fruit and stock raising have more comparative advantages. So the strategy of comparative advantages is the important way for Shaanxi province agriculture development. That is to say, aiming at the civil and international market and with the science and technology development, we should base on advantage enterprises, regulate and optimize the structure of agriculture, develop the products that have comparative advantages and give powerful competition to agriculture products to enter the international market.


The invention discloses an online shopping terminal, which comprises a touch screen, a computer module, a financial POS (point of sale) machine and a printer, wherein the touch screen is respectively and mutually connected with the computer module and the financial POS machine and is used for serving as an interface for the communication between an online shopping platform and customers; the computer module is connected to an online shopping server and is used for storing corresponding software data and data information of products and upgrading information from the online shopping server in a real time manner; the financial POS machine is connected to a financial system and is used for paying by using a bank card when the consumers have consume behaviors; and the printer is respectively connected to the computer module and the financial POS machine and is used for printing consume vouchers and discount vouchers. The online shopping terminal disclosed by the invention integrates multiple service systems at present, such as mobile phone recharging, online shopping, convenience store service, hotel booking, air ticket booking, and the like, and has the advantage of high payment safety and is convenient and easy for use.


Dynamic dataflow analyses find software errors by tracking meta-values associated with a program's runtime data. Despite their benefits, the orders-of-magnitude slowdowns that accompany these systems limit their use to the development stage; few users would tolerate such overheads. This work extends dynamic dataflow analyses with a novel sampling system which ensures that runtime slowdowns do not exceed a user-defined threshold. While previous sampling methods are inadequate for dataflow analyses, our technique efficiently reduces the number and size of analyzed dataflows. In doing so, it allows individual users to test large, stochastically chosen sets of a process's dataflows. Large populations can therefore, in aggregate, analyze a larger portion of the program than is possible by any single user running a complete, but slow, analysis. In our experimental evaluation, we show that 1 out of every 10 users expose a number of security exploits while only experiencing a 10% performance slowdown, in contrast with the 100× overhead caused by a complete analysis that exposes the same problems.


This paper is concerned with the question of the existence of periodic solutions of periodic linear second order differential equations with deviating argument. Using a fixed point theorem for multivalued mappings and results concerning boundary value problems for such equations, we prove that the existence of periodic solutions of both types of differential in- equalities implies the existence of periodic solutions. This result, in turn, is used to obtain the existence of periodic solutions of certain nonlinear differential equations with deviating argument. 1. Consider the second order differential equation with deviating argument (1) Lx(t) x"'(t) + a(t)x'(t) + b(t)x(t) + c(t)x(t - d(t)) =e(t), where a(t), b(t), c(t), d(t), and e(t) are continuous real-valued func- tions which are periodic of period T> 0, and c(t) ? 0. (No restrictions on the sign of d(t) are made.) In this paper we give sufficient condi- tions under which equation (1) has a solution x(t) C C2( o, oo) which is periodic of period T. Our main theorem, which is a mean value type theorem for the operator L, takes the following form.


This paper evaluates the efficiency of Korea National Railroad on the basis of revenues from 1980 to 1999. There was a significant inefficiency in this organization due to operating at an decreasing return to scale area. Although Korean Railroad in 1990s has made a great effort, his performance is still low. Consequently, it is important to insure substantiality of operations than to expand business area in order to finally improve the efficiency, in particular the revenue efficiency, of the Korea Railroad.


Spatial multiplexing is a promising technique to achieve high capacity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. The spatial multiplexing system using zero forcing (ZF) receiver offers relatively low computation complexity. A new transmission parameter in such systems - number of transmission substreams is introduced. After that, an adaptive transmission scheme, which adjusts the number of transmission substreams according to channel conditions, is presented to obtain both efficiency and reliability under fading channel. Then we present two adaptive algorithms for the proposed adaptive transmission scheme to guarantee the symbol error rate and maximize spectral efficiency respectively. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the performance improvement of the proposed adaptive transmission scheme.


J Biochem Biotech 2021 Volume 4 Issue 4 Astragalus membranaceus and Centella asiatica are popular medicinal herbs for improving various skin conditions in traditional Chinese medicine [5,6]. They have been included in topical skin care products even though their mechanisms of actions are not well-defined. The main constituents of these two herbs are the cycloartanetype Saponins [7,8]. Astragalus or astragalosides have been used as cardioprotective, immune-modulatory, and wound-healing agents [8,9]. A number of clinical and physiological effects of Astragalus have been investigated.


This research describes the oscillation control based on a power system that takes the place of the traditional automatic voltage regulators for excitation control in addition to a multimachine power system. The design is built on equilibrium and a potent adaptive critic technique called decreasing time oscillation for each generator. The generators' local measurements serve as the sole basis for the feedback variables. For enhancing the dynamic performance and stability of the power grid under significant shocks that affected oscillation power stations, simulations on multi-machine power systems were shown to be effective.


This study explores how family therapy educators from privileged social locations understand issues of privilege and the process by which they integrate their personal and professional journeys to create and model equity in family therapy training and professional development. These educators developed awareness about issues of privilege and oppression and owned their privilege. Increased awareness involved personal struggles with guilt and managing internalized voices of prejudice that are constantly reinforced in society. These educators adopted a stance of action and accountability for equity. We hypothesize that the process leading to owning one's privilege involves the ability to be compassionate for others' suffering and one's own limitations.


A substantial body of prior research has demonstrated the significant positive effect of organizational procedural justice on institutional policy compliance. However, research examining the antecedents of organizational procedural justice is only just beginning to emerge in the criminal justice literature. Due to the potential for institutional deviance and the importance of rule adherence among individuals in positions of authority, we believe it is important to investigate correctional officers' procedural justice perceptions. As such, this study examines 929 correctional officers over 40 institutions to identify if criteria for fairness, leadership style, and officer and institutional characteristics influence officers' perceptions of procedural justice. Results from hierarchical linear regression indicate that the ability to have a say in decisions, a sense that institutional rules are impartial, and perceptions that management leads through motivation and encouragement significantly increases correctional officers' perceptions of procedural justice. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.


The paper describes the underlying infrastructure of an advanced real time integrated drilling simulator that is under development. Focus will be on handling the complex data flow and meeting the requirements regarding simultaneity when designing such a compound system. A synthesis of multiple transient and steady state models for drilling sub-processes with links to 3D visualization software and measured data is being built on the technology described in this paper. Possible applications include: • personnel training • testing and comparing drilling plans • real-time diagnosis: warnings, optimization and forward looking • process control • post analysis


Ramadan fasting (RF) is stressor that will be altered immune system. Macrophage is one of immune cell and IFNgamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS and SOD is important component on the classically activated, oxidative stress and inflammation of macrophage, so the aim of this study was to determine the effect of RF as stressor on level IFN -gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS and SOD of macrophage. Twenty seven healthy volunteers male aged 18–22 years (mean±SD 20.26±1.13 years) who fasted during Ramadan participated in the study. Blood sampling was conducted on 7 days before Ramadan, days 7 and days 21 of Ramadan. The following were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method: IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS and SOD of macrophage. Macrophage IFN-gamma on day 21 was increase significant (p<0.05) compared with days 7. TNF-alpha on days 7 increase significant (p<0.05) compared to before RF and on days 21 was decrease significant (p<0.05) compared with days 7. iNOS on days 7 and 21 increase significant (p<0.05) compared to before RF, and days 21 compared to days 7. SOD on days 7 and days 21 decrease significant (p<0.05) compared to before RF. The others were not significantly difference. The results obtained indicate that RF altered classically activated macrophage regulation / signaling and increase macrophage function, in which RF induces classically activated, inflammation and reduce oxidative stress of macrophage. This study reveals that macrophage was in eustress condition. Key word: Ramadan fasting, stressor, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS, SOD, classically activated macrophage, oxidative stress, inflammation.


We develop signal processing techniques for reducing the PMEPR (peak-to-mean envelope power ratio) for downlink transmission within CDMA systems. These techniques are compatible with conventional CDMA receivers, just requiring some modifications at the transmitter side. The proposed transmitter structure includes a nonlinear operation in the time-domain followed by a linear, frequency-domain filtering operation. To reduce the envelope fluctuation regrowth associated with the filtering operation, the clipping and filtering operations are repeated iteratively. We also include a semi-analytical statistical characterization of the transmitted signals, which takes advantage of the Gaussian-like nature of CDMA signals with a high number of users. This characterization is used in evaluating the performance of the proposed techniques. Our performance results show that we can reduce significantly the PMEPR of the transmitted signals, while maintaining the spectral occupation of the corresponding conventional CDMA signals.


Network Anomaly Detection (NAD) has become the foundation for network management and security due to the rapid development and adoption of edge computing technologies. There are two main characteristics of NAD tasks: tabular input data and imbalanced classes. Tabular input data format means NAD tasks take both sparse categorical features and dense numerical features as input. In order to achieve good performance, the detection model needs to handle both types of features efficiently. Among all widely used models, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) and Neural Network (NN) are the two most popular ones. However, each method has its limitation: GBDT is inefficient when dealing with sparse categorical features, while NN cannot yield satisfactory performance for dense numerical features. Imbalanced classes may downgrade the classifier's performance and cause biased results towards the majority classes, often neglected by many exiting NAD studies. Most of the existing solutions addressing imbalance suffer from poor performance, high computational consumption, or loss of vital information under such a scenario. In this paper, we propose an adaptive ensemble-based method, named GTF, which combines TabTransformer and GBDT to leverage categorical and numerical features effectively and introduces Focal Loss to mitigate the imbalance classification. Our comprehensive experiments on two public datasets demonstrate that GTF can outperform other well-known methods in both multiclass and binary cases. Our implementation also shows that GTF has limited complexity, making it be a good candidate for deployment at the network edge.


ABSTRACT Introducing a concept of perceived dual identity integration (PDII), we test whether, for biculturals to act as agateway group (GG), their identities should be viewed as blended/harmonized by the majority. We provide correlational evidence that PDII underlies the relation between perception of GG (people of Serb-Bosniak origin) as dually identified and (1) perception of GG as a bridge between Serbs and Bosniaks and (2) feelings toward Bosniaks. Then we experimentally show that exposure to GG with blended/harmonized identity, compared to GG with distanced/conflicted identity, leads to positive feelings toward Bosniaks, via perception of GG as abridge. Thus, if the majority does not perceive integration of adversarial identities as apossibility, biculturals' potential to serve as gateway is lost.


The purpose of this study is to present risk identification tools in Polish micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Risk identification is a key element of the risk management process in companies. Correctly fitting risk identification tools affect the accuracy of management decisions. The result of research is to identify the leading risk identification tools used by MSMEs. The study was conducted in 2010-2012 using a mixed survey-monographic method and questionnaires. The qualitative data were obtained during the study.


By investigating the status of learning,interpersonal situation,and the main personality characteristics of poor students in Honghe University,this paper explores effective ways for education of poor students.


The ROLE TEACHER project ("The New Role of the Teacher in Competence Based Education") has mainly dealt in the important subject of the teachers' in/-training needed to conform to the European standards in educational matters. The promoters have sought to voice clear concepts relevant to the new role of the teachers in relation to their competences and strategies to be used for achieving successful changes in their job. In the two years' life of the project (2009/2011), six meetings have taken place in the five partner countries (Poland, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Scotland) on the following topics: presentation of the educational context and goals from each partner, the teachers' competences needed for an effective performance, the teacher as a coach and specialist, the teacher as a professional, and dissemination of the project. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-2122-0.ch047


Burned gas of methane-air mixtures with water vapor have been analysed to study the exhaust emission using gas-chromatography and computation. The computations were carried out for the gas analysis using premix code of Chemkin program to compare the experimental results. The quantity of water vapor contained were changed 5% and 10% of total mixtures, and equivalence ratio of mixtures between 0.6 and 1.2 were tested under the ambient temperature 323K and 373K. The results showed CO, CO₂ decreased and H₂ increased by increasing the water contents. The CO increased and CO₂ decreased by increasing the ambient temperature. The CO₂ shows the maximum product at equivalence ratio 1.0, in otherwise the CH₄ produced the minimum values in the same range. The results showed little difference between these two methods.


Overstressing of the rock surrounding a tunnel can result in either brittle fracture of the intact rock or shear failure along pre-existing discontinuities such as joints or shear zones. These two types of failure can co-exist and the extent to which the failures propagate depends upon the characteristics of the rock mass, the magnitude and directions of the in situ stresses, the shape of the tunnel and the intensity and orientation of the discontinuities. Numerical analysis plays an increasingly important role in the assessment of tunnel stability and design of reinforcement and support. Rapid evolution of computer software and hardware offers the potential for the calibration or possible elimination of some of the empirical techniques upon which tunnel designers have to rely. to an acceptable level of accuracy, by the product of the depth below surface and the unit weight of the rock mass. However, in complex tectonic environments the vertical stresses may be lower (Mayer and Fabbre, 1999) or higher (Stille and Palmstrom, 2008) than the overburden stress. Horizontal stresses of interest to civil and mining engineers are influenced by global factors such as plate tectonics and also by local topographic features. Zoback (1992) described the World Stress Map project that was designed to create a global database of contemporary tectonic stress data. The data included in this map were derived mainly from geological observations on earthquake focal mechanisms, volcanic alignments and fault slip interpretations. The results included in this map, available at www.world-stress-map.org, are very interesting to geologists involved with regional or continental scale problems. However, other than providing a first estimate of stress directions, they are of limited value to engineers concerned with the upper few hundred metres of the earth's crust. The local variations in the in situ stress field are simply too small to show up on the global scale. A more useful basis for estimating near-surface horizontal in situ stresses was proposed by Sheorey (1994). He developed an elasto-static thermal stress model of the earth. This model considers curvature of the crust and variations of elastic constants, density and thermal expansion coefficients through the crust and mantle. A plot of the ratio of horizontal to vertical stress predicted by Sheorey's analysis, for a range of horizontal rock mass deformation moduli, is given in Figure 1. This plot


This study presents a solid-state ISFET flow meter fabricated with an innovative planar packaging process. It is challenge to integrate a CMOS chip with the microfluidic channel since the physical dimension of the CMOS chip may cause the leakage during packaging the IC chip with microfluidic channels. This study develops a planar packaging process which uses PDMS as the adhesive to embed the IC chip in a cavity over the PCB. Result shows that the interfacial step between the IC chip and the surrounding PDMS substrate is less than 5 μm such that microfluidic channel can be sealed free of leakage with the developed planar package process. The sealed ISFET chip is used for measuring the flow rate of non-ionic solutions including acetone, ethanol and glycerol of slow flow rate. Results show that the flow rate measurement exhibited good reproducibility in the flow rate ranging from 66 to 1700 μm/s. Moreover, the whole packaging process can be achieved in 40 min The developed method provides a simple yet efficient method to integrate CMOS IC chip with microfluidic systems.


Miles writes: "Religion may be seen as literature that has succeeded beyond any writer's wildest dreams." He sees God in the Bible to be the greatest of all literary figures. This book is clearly not for everyone. But for the adventurous reader who wants to make his or her way through the familiar pages of the Hebrew Old Testament with an expert guide who will make one notice things said about God that we have never noticed before, it is excellent.


In situ control of the formation of the III-V/Si(100) heterointerface is crucial for high-efficiency optoelectronic devices. We analyzed in situ reflectance anisotropy spectra of pseudomorphical GaP/Si(100) films which deviate from the RA spectra of well-known GaP/Si(100). We derived an equation [2] to separate different contributions, in particular surface and interface contributions. The resulting GaP/Si(100) surface dielectric anisotropy allows for a precise numerical in situ quantification of the APD content and agrees with the GaP(100) surface anisotropy. Deviations between the homo- and heteroepitaxial RA spectra can be attributed to an anisotropic GaP/Si(100) interface which we addressed in situ using RAS.


When cultures of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc 2.33 were shifted to 25 °C, after 5 h at the restrictive temperature of 35 °C, cells entered cycles of synchronous division as judged by the appearance of peaks in the cell plate index at 1.5, 3, and 4.75 h. The timing and ultrastructural morphology of events occurring in such synchronous cultures were examined. Most cells underwent mitosis between 10 and 50 min after the temperature shift, with a maximal value after approximately 30 min. The ultrastructure of mitosis was consistent with previous descriptions of this process in wild-type cells.


Partogram (Partograph) is a graphical tool represents the events during labor, that helps the care provider to recognize slow progress of labor early, and to start appropriate interventions to prevent prolonged and obstructed labor. In this study, we compared between the percentage of birth trauma which occurred during labor for patients that crossing the alert line of partograph (Group I), and those who crossing the action line (Group II). This study showed that there is no difference statistically between Group I and Group II according to gravida and maternal age. while Group I is higher than Group II according to APGAR score >7 (P value =0.001). There is statistical differences between Group I & II , that Group I is lower than Group II according to perineal tear, fetal birth injuries and rate of C sections ( P value: 0.004 , 0.009 and 0.000). In conclusion: partograph may be a scientific evidence based to manage labour by early diagnosis, identifying and preventing problems during delivery.


Bitcoin, the first cryptocurrency was published in 2008 and featured a new way of reaching consensus amongst a set of participants without the need to trust any central authority. It achieved this by introducing a novel consensus mechanism based on Proof-of-Work. Bitcoin is still the most valuable and famous cryptocurrency, but some limitations became more and more noticeable over the years – two of the major ones being high energy consumption and low transaction throughput. Emerging around 2016, a new class of protocols based on Proof-of-Stake (PoS) and using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) as data structure, promises to solve both of these shortcomings at once. As security is crucial, carefully looking at the security properties of any new protocol family before adopting it, is necessary. This leads us to the following question: How secure are these protocols really? This thesis contributes to answering this question by reviewing existing designs in this field and analysing Hashgraph, a promising protocol which combines a PoS mechanism with a DAG structure, in detail. We developed and published a simulator which makes it possible to look closely at the security and performance claims of the protocol under different attack scenarios. It supports simulating adversarial behaviours which we call fork, race and split attacks as well as an honest scenario for comparison. For all of them, numerous configuration options and scenario specific settings are offered. All simulations are executed in a reproducible way based on a configurable seed value. Results can be examined either in a graphical user interface or exported for further analysis. Hashgraph proved resilient against all attempts of breaking the protocol's security over thousands of simulation runs, featuring all supported attack scenarios. Nevertheless, some weaknesses became apparent in regard to the protocol allowing everybody to perform syncs as fast as possible. Publishing a conflicting transaction to an already existing honest one and getting it finalized earlier could be shown. Additionally, the protocol encourages flooding high stake participants with syncs, leading to the possible effects of unintentional Distributed Denial of Service attacks. Our findings show that PoS DAG protocols have the potential to solve two of the major limitations of traditional blockchains, but before adopting them, one needs to specifically check for mechanisms to prevent message spamming or a lack thereof.


The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is an organization under the United Nations. which specializes in the field of intellectual property rights. WIPO was formed in 1967 with the aim "to encourage creativity and introduce protection of intellectual property throughout the world. WIPO currently has 184 countriesin wipo there is a registration system that regulates the Patent Cooperation Agreement, namely the Madrid System for the brand and the Hague system for the Right to Industrial Design


Bovine area postrema tissue was used as a convenient source of tissue for studies of brain 5HT3 receptors. 5HT3 receptor density was determined to be 97 5 5 fmoVmg and 124 k 10 fmoVmg of protein using the commercially available 5HT3 radioligands, 3H-GR65630 and 3H-BRL43694, respectively. The equilibrium dissociation constants (K,) for ,H-GR65630 and 3H-BRL43694 were 0.5 * 0.1 nM and 1.7 * 0.3 nM, respectively. The affinities of a series of drugs for the 5HT3 receptor using the two radioligands were essentially identical; the K, values and order of affinities of agonists and antagonists were very similar to data published in studies on radiolabeling of 5HT3 receptors in rat brain. 3H-LY278584 also labeled 5HT3 receptors in bovine area postrema homogenates with a K,, of 3.1 f 0.1 nM and a B,,, of 84 ? 6 fmol/mg. In rat cortical homogenates, 3H-LY278584 produced the most reliable specific signal of 72%, with a KD of 2.6 * 0.3 nM and a B, value of 10.5 ? 1 fmoVmg. At 1 1lM,~H-GR65630 or 3HBRL43694 specific binding represented 28 and 50% of total radioligand binding, respectively. These data in bovine and rat brain tissues indicate that bovine area postrema can be used with 3H-GR65630, 3H-BRL43694, or 3H-LY278584 for drug screening or molecular investigations of the brain 5HT3 receptor: only 3H-LY278584 can be used for studies on the regulation andor the molecular properties of 5HT3 receptors in rat cortical homogenates. 5HT, receptors were solubilized from bovine area postrema and characterized using 3H-GR65630. Gel filtration chromatography revealed a specific binding peak with a MW of approximately 600 kDa. A 10-fold enrichment of the binding activity was achieved using wheat germ agglutinin followed by application of N-acetyl-glucosamine to elute the glycosylated proteins, indicating the receptor is a glycosylated protein. Serotonin, Brain stem, Ion channel


Dermoscopy is an ancillary diagnostic tool in diseases of the hair shaft. In this article, we present the case of a six year old, female patient with Monilethrix, diagnosed with this tool, and confi rmed by light microscopy. We describe the characteristics of the hair shaft observed.


Dental Health among children generally indicated by bad oral hygiene that usually caused by the the less knowledge of dental health information. The upgrading of dental health could be done by dental health education. Dental health education usually using aids to draw attention and motivation about the content of learning. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of  poster and cartoon animation to gain the  knowledge of dental health education. This study is a- quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest group design to the 5th grade student of SDN 24 Banda Aceh City. This study is using total sampling that devided to poster group aids and cartoon animation group aids, each group will be compare both pretest and posttest by using questionare and the average score by each group aids will be compare to. This study is using analytic descriptive univariate and bivariate. The result of this study is significan increasing score of knowledge both of group aids ( p <0,05). The conclusion of this study is dental health education using both of group aids showing the better result than without the aids, furthermore cartoon animation aids is more effective than poster aids to upgradedental health for the 5th grade primary school SDN 24 Banda Aceh City. Keywords : Knowledge, Children Dental Health, Dental Health Education, Poster, Cartoon Animation.


Rapid change in responsibilities, requirements, and human resource demands has been the constant for federal Offices of the Inspector General over the past decade. They have been drawn into work on the management challenges facing their agencies, new requirements levied by the Chief Financial Officers Act and the Government Performance and Results Act, and crisis management efforts imposed by recent homeland security threats. This study replicates previous surveys of the Office of the Inspector General community undertaken in 1992 and 1996 to assess how it is meeting current challenges and has changed in its roles and responsibilities over the past decade. The study found the Inspector General community evolving and stretching to meet newdemands while retaining core functions. It is expanding its repertoire of analytical services, working closely with agency management to address management challenges, and confronting new human capital needs, especially in the field of information technology.


Summary In the present work, a series of novel flavone analogues have been synthesized and characterized by various spectrochemical methods. All the test compounds have been evaluated for their antioxidant potency, and also screened for antimicrobial activity. Out of the 10 compound synthesized, compound JAK4 and JAK5 showed antibacterial activity comparable to that of the standard.


At high carrier frequencies, spatial multiplexing gains can be obtained even in line of sight (LoS) environments with reasonable node form factors. We investigate design of a LoS MIMO link operating at millimeter (mm) wave frequencies beyond 100 GHz, with 4-fold spatial multiplexing, and bandwidth of 10-20 GHz, with data rates even with relatively small constellations (QPSK) reaching 80-160 Gbps. Even small misalignments lead to frequency selectivity at these bandwidths, and we show that this leads to performance floors for conventional linear space-time equalizers. An alternative approach, which closely couples hardware and signal processing design in utilizing analog delays with subsymbol precision, is shown to eliminate such error floors. By using analog techniques to address frequency selectivity and to perform spatial demultiplexing, this proposed architecture also alleviates the difficulty of analog-to-digital conversion at high sampling rates.


This is a corpus of informal Arabic social media posts manually classed to support sentiment analysis. The posts are from facebook forums discuss news and entertainment.


In this paper, we present a polynomial-time algorithm for TPQ (tree pattern queries) minimization without XML constraints involved. The main idea of the algorithm is a dynamic programming strategy to find all the matching subtrees within a TPQ. A matching subtree implies a redundancy and should be removed in such a way that the semantics of the original TPQ is not damaged. Our algorithm consists of two parts: one for subtree recognization and the other for subtree deletion. Both of them needs only O(n2) time, where n is the number of nodes in a TPQ.


Homogeneous films of pure single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) sufficiently thin to be optically transparent in the visible range of the spectrum were employed as p-Ohmic contacts on GaN−InGaN quantum-well light-emitting diodes. The specific contact resistance of the SWNT films on the p-GaN was 1.1 × 10-2 Ω cm2 after annealing at 700 °C for 60 s under N2, which was a factor of 3 lower than standard Ni/Au contacts on the same p-GaN. The SWNT-contacted LEDs showed bright blue emission centered at 434 nm and demonstrate that the SWNT films provide a new class of electrically conducting, p-type, transparent electrode for use with photonic devices.


The present paper deals with the general introduction of HIV/AIDS, its historical aspects, modes of infection, prevention, and socio-psychological problems among the Indian youth. Besides that the present paper also the need of imparting AIDS-related awareness among the youth through Sex Education in order to prevent the rapid spread of AIDS/HIV infection and the steps were taken by the Government of India and other NGO's for spreading awareness of AIDS/HIV
infection and related disease to prevent the further spread of this dreaded disease among the risk group population. The role of NGOs and NSS for mobilising the college or university students for preventing this dreaded disease has also been elaborated in brief.


Among the many ways in which metamorphic and tectonic processes interact during orogenesis, partial melting and associated rheological weakening are particularly important. Thermalmechanical models for large hot orogens that incorporate a viscosity reduction over the temperature range associated with incipient partial melting show a diachronous 3-phase evolution. Phase 1 is associated with crustal thickening and phase 2 with thermal relaxation; a minimum 20-25 My "incubation time" separates these phases. Phase 3 is associated with lateral flow of weak middle to lower crust, which may driven by a topographically-induced pressure gradient or by collision with a strong lower crustal indentor. In laterally homogeneous crust, outward flow takes the form of a low-viscosity channel bounded by thrust-sense and normalsense shear zones (Beaumont et al., 2001, 2004). Where lower crust is laterally heterogeneous, crustal thickening can lead to the formation and stacking of thrust nappes that may be expelled over a colliding strong lower crustal block. An intermediate flow regime may arise where lower crustal nappes become disrupted by and/or partly incorporated into heterogeneous channel flow at mid-crustal levels (Beaumont et al., this volume).


This paper explores the problem of extracting domain specific terminology in the field of science and education from Lithuanian texts. Four different term extraction approaches have been applied and evaluated.


Abstract This research focuses on the potentiality of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) columns in augmenting the geoengineering and geoenvironmental properties of sedimented ...


This study utilizes data extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS-2007) to investigate the predictors of child survival (age under 5 years) in Bangladesh. The cross-tabulation and Cox's proportional hazard model techniques have been used to estimate the predictors of child survival in Bangladesh. Parents' education, occupation of father, region, type of toilet facility, access to mass media, breastfeeding status, birth order, birth spacing with previous child, age of mother, age at first marriage and antenatal visit during pregnancy have been found significant effect on child survival by both cross-tabulation and Cox's proportional hazard techniques. Finally, these findings suggest that an increase in parents' education, breastfeeding to child, encourage child bearing age of mothers at 20-34 years, legal age at marriage and improve health care services, could in turn raise child survival and decrease child mortality in Bangladesh.


The gravitational biological pump is not large enough to account for microbial heterotrophic activity in the mesopelagic ocean. Migrating zooplankton may be a key source of organic matter transport to depth. Here we show signatures of zooplankton in the suspended organic matter at the zooplankton vertical migration depth in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone (ETNP ODZ). We examine the mesozooplankton community in metagenomic depth profiles using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene as a marker in the ETNP and Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) ODZs and at the oxic Hawaii Ocean Timeseries (HOT). Additionally, eukaryotic transcripts (polyA-selected) were examined for zooplankton in the ETNP. While zooplankton eDNA increased in the ODZ, zooplankton eRNA decreased in the ODZ, similar to previous net-based data, implying that eDNA is better preserved under anoxia. At all stations, Cnidaria, often missed in net-based data, contributed greatly to the zooplankton eDNA/eRNA. SAR11 abundance, determined from the single-copy core gene (rpoB), significantly correlated with zooplankton eDNA, with R2 values >0.8 at all stations. Strong correlations between SAR11 and zooplankton have not been previously reported, but are logical as SAR11 bacteria consume and zooplankton excrete simple dissolved organic compounds. SAR11 bacteria possessed genes to utilize urea and taurine in the ODZ, both compounds known to be excreted by zooplankton. In ODZs, SAR11 bacteria preferentially used the taurine degradation pathway leading to C and N assimilation, not the pathway for organic S assimilation, probably due to additional sources of organic S in ODZs.